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KILPATRlCK TOWNSEND & STOCKTON LLPDENNIS WILSON (Bar No. 155407)DWilsonta2kilpatricktownsend.comCAROLINE Y. BUSSIN (Bar No. 239343)cbussinta2kilpatricktownsend.com9720 Wlfshire Blvd PH
Beverly Hills, CA 90212-2018Telephone: 310-248-3830FacsImile: 310-860-0363
KILPATRlCK TOWNSEND & STOCKTON LLPR. Charles Henn Jr. (Pro Hac Vice App. Pending)CHennta2 KilpatrickTownsend.comCharlesti. Hooker III (Pro Hac Vice App. Pending)CHooker@ KilJ?atrickTownsend.comNichole Davis Chollet (Pro Hac Vice App. Pending)NCholletta2 Kilpatrick!ownsend.com1100 PeaChtree S t r e e ~ Suite 2800Atlanta, GA 30309-4)30Telephone: (404) 815-6500FacsImile: (404) 815-6555
Attornexs for PlaintiffsADIDAS AG and ADIDAS AMERlCA, INC. BY FAX
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
IADIDAS AG, a German cOlJ?oratlOn;
and ADIDAS AMERICA, INC., aDelaware corporation,
Plaintiffs,
v.
TOP LINK, INC., a Californiacorporation.
Defendant.
COMPLAINT FOR:1. FEDERAL TRADEMARK
INFRlNGEMENT (15 U.S.C. §1114 );
2. FEDERAL UNFAIRCOMPETITION;
3. UNFAIR AND DECEPTIVETRADE PRACTICES;
4. COMMON LAW TRADEMARKINFRINGEMENT AND UNFAIRCOMPETITION;
5. FEDERAL TRADEMARK
DILUTION (15 U.S.c. § 1125); and6. STATE TRADEMARK DILUTION.
DEMAND FOR JURY TRIAL
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1 Plaintiffs adidas AG and adidas America, Inc. (collectively, "adidas" or
2 "Plaintiffs") state the following for their Complaint against Defendant Top Link,
3 Inc. ("Defendant").
4 I. INTRODUCTION
5 1. For decades, adidas has manufactured, sold, and promoted footwear
6 bearing its famous and distinctive Three-Stripe trademark (the "Three-Stripe Mark").
7 adidas owns numerous incontestable federal trademark registrations for its Three-
8 Stripe Mark for footwear, and adidas has invested millions of dollars building its
9 brand in connection with the Three-Stripe Mark.
10 2. In addition, since 1969, adidas has offered and has spent hundreds of
11 thousands of dollars promoting the famous SUPERSTARTM model and its distinct
12 and unique design, which features a combination of three-stripes on the side of the
13 shoe, a rubber "shell toe," a particularly flat sole and a raised portion on the outer
14 back heal section that identifies to consumers that the origin of the product lies with
15 adidas (the "Superstar Trade Dress").
16 3. Defendant is designing, sourcing, manufacturing, importing, distributing,
17 marketing, promoting, offering for sale, and/or selling footwear that bears
18 confusingly similar imitations of adidas's Three-Stripe Mark and Superstar Trade
19 Dress, including the footwear depicted below and on the following page:
20 Defendant's Footwear
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4. Defendant's footwear is not manufactured by adidas, nor is Defendant
19 connected or affiliated with, or authorized by adidas in any way. Defendant's
20 merchandise is likely to cause confusion, deceive the public regarding its source, and
21 dilute and tarnish the distinctive quality of adidas's Three-Stripe Mark and Superstar
22 Trade Dress.
23 5. This is an action at law and in equity for trademark infringement and
24 dilution, unfair competition, and unfair business practices, arising under the25 Trademark Act of 1946, 15 U.S.C. §§ 1051 et seq. (2009) ("Lanham Act"); the anti-
26 dilution laws of several states; the unfair business practices and unfair and deceptive
27 trade practices acts of several states; and the common law. Among other relief,
28 adidas asks this Court to: (a) permanently enjoin Defendant from marketing or selling
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footwear bearing confusingly similar two-, three-, and four-stripe imitations of the
2 Three-Stripe Mark or Superstar Trade Dress; (b) award adidas monetary damages and
3 to treble that award; (c) require Defendant to disgorge all profits from sales of the
4 infringing footwear; and (d) award adidas punitive damages, attorneys ' fees, and
5 costs.
6 II. JURISDICTION AND VENUE
7 6. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction pursuant to section 39 of the
8 Lanham Act, 15 U.S.c. § 1121, and 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331 and 1338. Subject matter
9 jurisdiction over adidas's related state and common law claims is proper pursuant to
10 28 U.S.c. §§ 1338 and 1367.
11 7. This Court has personal jurisdiction over Defendant because, on
12 information and belief, (a) Defendant is domiciled in California; (b) Defendant has
13 imported, distributed, offered for sale, and/or sold, to persons within the State of
14 California, (c) Defendant regularly transacts and conducts business within the State of
15 California; or (d) otherwise made or established contacts within the State of
16 California sufficient to permit the exercise of personal jurisdiction.
17 8. This District is the proper venue pursuant to 28 U.S.c. § 1391(b)
18 because Defendant resides in this District.
19 III. THE PARTIES
20 9. Plainti ff adidas AG is a joint stock company organized and existing
21 under the laws of the Federal Republic of Germany, having its office and principal
22 place of business at Postach 11230,0-91072 Herzogenaurach, Federal Republic of
23 Germany.
24 10. Plaintiff adidas America, Inc. is a corporation organized and existing
25 under the laws of the State of Delaware, having its principal place of business at
26 5055 North Greeley Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97217. adidas America, Inc. directs
27 all U.S.-based operations on behalf of adidas AG, including sales, brand marketing,
28 product marketing, product design, public relations, distribution, enforcement, and
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licensing of and for ADIDAS-branded merchandise, including goods bearing the
distinctive Three-Stripe Mark and Superstar Trade Dress. adidas AG and adidas
America, Inc., as well as any predecessors or related entities, are collectively
referred to as "adidas."
11. On information and belief, Top Link, Inc. is incorporated in California
and has a principal place of business at 10333 East Rush Street, South El Monte,
California 91733.
IV. }'ACTS COMMON TO ALL CLAIMS FOR RELIEF
A. adidas's Famous Three-Stripe Mark
12. adidas is currently, and for years has been, one of the world's leading
manufacturers of athletic footwear, sportswear, and sporting equipment. Over sixty
(60) years ago, adidas first placed three parallel stripes on its athletic shoes, and the
Three-Stripe Mark came to signifY the quality and reputation of adidas footwear to
the sporting world early in the company's history.
13. At least as early as 1952, adidas began using its Three-Stripe Mark on
footwear sold in the United States and worldwide. The Three-Stripe Mark quickly
came to signify the quality and reputation of adidas footwear. Examples of adidas
footwear bearing the Three-Stripe Mark are depicted below and on the next page, and
pages from adidas catalogs featuring additional examples of footwear bearing the
Three-Stripe Mark are attached as Exhibit 1.
Response Essence Shoe Supernova Riot Shoe
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SL 72 Shoes Supernova GJide 5 Shoes
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14. adidas is the owner of a federal trademark registration, Reg. No.
1,815,956, issued by the United States Patent and Trademark Office ("PTa") on
January 11, 1994, for the Three-Stripe Mark, as depicted below, for "athletic
footwear. "
Affidavits have been tiled pursuant to Sections 8 and 15 of the Lanham Act, 1519
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U.S.C. §§ 1058 and 1065, and this registration is incontestable. A copy of the
Certificate ofRegistration for this mark is attached as Exhibit 2.
15. adidas is the owner of a federal trademark registration, Reg. No.
1,833,868, issued by the PTa on May 3, 1994, for the Three-Stripe Mark, as
depicted below, covering "athletic footwear."
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Affidavits have been filed pursuant to Secti ons 8 and 15 of the Lanham Act, 15
2 U.S.C. §§ 1058 and 1065, and this registration is incontestable. A copy of the
3 Certificate ofRegistration for this mark is attached as Exhibit 3.
4 16. adidas is the owner of a federal trademark registration, Reg. No.
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2,278,589, issued by the PTO on September 21, 1999, for the Three-Stripe Mark, as
depicted below, covering "athletic footwear."
Affidavits have been filed pursuant to Sections 8 and15 of
the Lanham Act,15
U.S.C. §§ 1058 and 1065, and this registration is incontestable. A copy of the
Certificate ofRegistration for this mark is attached as Exhibit 4.
17. adidas is the owner of a federal trademark registration, Reg. No.
3,029,129, issued by the PTO on December 13,2005, for the Three-Stripe Mark, as
depicted below, covering "footwear."
20 Affidavits have been filed pursuant to Sections 8 and 15 of the Lanham Act, 15
21 U.S.c. §§ 1058 and] 065, and this registration is incontestable. A copy of the
22 Certificate ofRegistration for this mark is attached as Exhibit 5.
23 18. adidas is the owner of a federal trademark registration, Reg. No.
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3,029,135, issued by the PTO on December] 3,2005, for the Three-Stripe Mark, as
depicted below, covering "footwear."
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1 Affidavits have been filed pursuant to Sections 8 and 15 of the Lanham Act, 15
2 U.S.C. §§ 1058 and 1065, and this registration is incontestable. A copy of the
3 Certificate ofRegistration for this mark is attached as Exhibit 6.
4 19. adidas owns numerous additional trademark registrations, a number of
5 which are incontestable, for the Three-Stripe Mark covering footwear and various
6 items ofappareJ including U.S. Reg. Nos. 870,136,961,353,2,016,963,2,058,619,
7 2,278,591,2,284,308,2,909,861,2,999,646, 3,029,127, 3,063,742, 3,063,745,
8 3,087,329,3,183,656,3,183,663, and 3,236,505. Copies of the Certificates of
9 Registration for each of these marks are attached collectively as Exhibit 7.
1° 20. Additionally, adidas owns federal registrations for verbal trademarks
11 using the term "3 stripes" including THE BRAND WITH THE 3 STRIPES, Reg.
12 No.1 ,674,229, for "sport and leisure wear." Affidavits have been filed pursuant to
13 Sections 8 and 15 of the Lanham Act, 15 U.S.C. §§ 1058 and 1065, and this
14 registration is incontestable. A copy of the Certificate of Registration for this mark
15 is attached as Exhibit 8.
16 2]. adidas's Three-Stripe Mark is well-known and famous and has been for
17 many years. adidas has used the Three-Stripe Mark in connection with its frequent
18 sponsorship of athletic tournaments and organizations, as well as professional
19 athletes and collegiate sports teams. For example, adidas has long-term
20 relationships with University ofNotre Dame, the University ofCalifornia at Los
21 Angeles, the University ofNebraska, the University ofLouisville, the University of
22 Michigan and the University ofTennessee. Among many others, adidas sponsors:
23 (a) 2012 NFL Offensive Rookie of the Year Robert Griffin III; (b) NBA stars Tim
24 Duncan, Dwight Howard, Damian Lillard, and Derrick Rose; (c) baseball star Ryan25 . Howard; (d) professional golfer Sergio Garcia; and (e) internationally famous soccer
26 players David Beckham and Lionel Messi. adidas also has been a long-term sponsor
27 of the World Cup soccer tournament and the world-famous Boston Marathon. Such
28 prominent use of the Three-Stripe Mark in connection with widely viewed activities
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and such well-known athletes has further enhanced the Three-Stripe Mark's
2 recognition and fame.
3 22. The Three-Stripe Mark is nonfunctional, and the public recognizes and
4 understands that the Three-Stripe Mark distinguishes and identifies adidas's
5 merchandise. Indeed, unsolicited media coverage has referred to adidas's
6 "trademark three-stripe sneakers" (Brettman, Allan, "Adidas lifts 2012 forecast as
7 sales in China soar in QI," The Oregonian, May 1,2012), "the adidas stripes"
8 (Brettman, Allan, "A $35 Swoosh of Genius," The Oregonian, June 16,2011),
9 adidas's "ubiquitous three stripes" (Brettman, Allan, "Going 'All In' Against Nike,"
10 The Oregonian, March 15, 2011), the "trademark three-stripe logo" (Pennington,
11 Bil1, "Belts That Do More Than Hold Up Pants," New York Times, July 27, 2009),
12 the "iconic three stripes" ("Game Time," Footwear News, June 16,2008), the
13 "signature three stripes" (Moore, Booth, "Ringing Endorsements; Form Follows
14 Function with Much Olympic Wear, but Fashion and Funding are also at Play," L.A.
15 Times, August 13,2004), the "famous brand with the three stripes" (Whiting, Sam,
16 "Must Have," San Francisco Chronicle, July 7, 2002), and the "legendary Adidas
17 three stripes" ("Coty Inc.," Brand Strategy, September 27, 1999).
18 23. For decades, adidas extensively and continuously has used and
19 promoted the Three-Stripe Mark in connection with footwear and apparel. In recent
20 years, annual sales of products bearing the Three-Stripe Mark have totaled in the
21 billions ofdollars globally and in the hundreds ofmillions of dollars within the
22 United States. The Three-Stripe Mark has achieved international fame and
23 tremendous public recognition.
24 24. Since introducing its Three-Stripe Mark, adidas has spent millions of
25 dollars promoting the mark and products bearing the mark. For example, in March
26 2011, adidas launched an advertising campaign in the United States "featuring
27 Chicago Bulls guard Derrick Rose, rapper B.o.B and pop singer Katy Perry, among
28 others," that "highlights [adidas's] imprint on the world of sports, music and
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1 fashion," and "show[s] the breadth and depth of the Adidas brand." A March 15,
2 2011 article from The Oregonian describing the advertising campaign is attached as
3 Exhibit 9. As a result of adidas's continuous and exclusive use of the Three-Stripe
4 Mark in connection with its products, the mark enjoys wide public acceptance and
5 association with adidas, and has come to be recognized widely and favorably by the
6 public as an indicator of the origin of adidas's goods.
7 25. As a result of adidas's extensive use and promotion of the Three-Stripe
8 Mark, adidas has built up and now owns extremely valuable goodwill that is
9 symbolized by the mark. The purchasing public has come to associate the Three-
10 Stripe Mark with adidas.
11 B. The Superstar Trade Dress
12 26. The SUPERSTARTM model is a famous shoe featuring the distinctive
13 Superstar Trade Dress, as depicted below:
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27. Since introducing its Superstar Trade Dress, adidas has spent hundreds
of thousands of dollars promoting the product and its appearance. As a result of
adidas's continuous and exclusive use of the Superstar Trade Dress in connection
with its products, the trade dress enjoys wide public acceptance and association with
adidas, and has come to be recognized widely and favorably by the public as an
indicator of the origin of adidas 's goods.
28. The fame and popularity of the Superstar Trade Dress, and particularly
the "she]] toe" feature, is evident from popular press reports, including the foHowing:
• "adidas Originals is all in to celebrate the most stylish and iconic sneaker
of all time - the SUPERSTAR. It moved with legends on the basketball
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court, represented the anthem for hip-hop and its most sought after street
fashion shoe today." "The All Original SUPERSTAR Reppin' the
Streets for 40 Years," Web Newswire, August 5, 2013
• "Users can also watch videos on the brand's history, including Adidas
founder Adi Dassler and the trend-setting Superstar low-top basketball
shoe, as well as trace the brand's involvement in the Olympics."
"Adidas Launches Interactive Archive Site," AFP RelaxNews, March
15,2013.
• "Combining the cultural expertise of both brands, consumers will not
only see the iconic adidas Superstar shoes in Need for Speed the Run,
but they'll also be treated with exclusive and limited edition Need for
Speed the Run adidas branded apparel which will be available at all
adidas Original stores across the United States." "Multimedia and
Graphic Software Companies; EA and adidas Originals Unite to Bring
Need for Speed the Run to Consumers this Fall ," Marketing Business
Weekly, October 30,2011.
• But the popularity of the Superstar whether in the classic black-on
white colorway or the many variations since - has held steady even as
hip-hop's look and sound have evolved." Jennifer Ernst Beaurdy, " 25
Classic Kicks," Footwear News, October 19,2009.
• "Among the more contemporary specimens featured in [the Museum of
Fine Art's Walk This Way exhibit] are a pair of Sex and the City-esque
Manolo Blahnik Marry Janes and the Adidas shell-toe Superstars made
famous by Run-DMC." Boston Magazine, September 2007.• "Where do celebrities tum when they need some appropriately named
sports shoes? Reach for Adidas's legendary Superstars, better known as
Shelltoes." "We're Stars in Stripes," Mail on Sunday, April 15,2007,
at 6.
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• "Adidas released 30 NBA Superstar shoes -- one for each team in the
NBA -- in December. Shoes flew off the shelves." Sarah Skidmore,
"Obsession Picks Up Speed as Shoe Industry Caters to Fans of 'Kicks. "
Daily Breeze, January 19,2007, at Cl.
• "With its trademark shell-toe design, the Adidas Superstar is one of the
most recognizable basketball shoes ever made." Fred Bierman and
Benjamin Hoffman, "Off the Dribble," The New York Times, January
7,2007, at 2.
• "Shell toes refer to Adidas's iconic Superstars, with their distinctive toe
caps and triple-striped sides and 35-year history of rocking the sneaker
world." Paula Brook and Sue Vancouver, "Sneaker Freaks: Collectors
ofa Cultural Icon," Ottawa Citizen, February 19,2005, at 17.
• "P. Diddy, Missy Elliot, Damon Dash, and the Red Hot Chili Peppers
are among the artists and celebrities who designed special edition
Adidas sneakers as part of a 35th anniversary celebration for the
company's classic Superstar style. The iconic sneaker, introduced in
1970, began as a white leather shell-toe shoe with three black stripes
and was initially intended for basketball. The style has evolved and
been co-opted for everyone from skateboarders and hip-hoppers to
fashionistas, and has legions of fans worldwide." "Fashion Scoops:
Sneakerhead, Get Ready." Women's World Daily, February 11,2005.
• "Soon enough, he became the rapper sneaker delivery source. 'If you're
a rapper and you needed a pair of Adidas shell toes for your album
release party at11
o'clock, call me,' he said. 'I'll bring them to you.Even if it was for one pair, I'd go, because I knew they wouldn't forget
me. " Carl Swanson, "Want Something Basic? Do Not See This Guy,"
New York Times, April 4, 2004.
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• "Adidas. The super coo] brand has its foot wedged in pop culture. That
athletic label is a staple among trendsetters (the shell-toes were most
famously worn by Run DMC)." Audra D.S. Burch, "Shop Till You
Drop: South Beach Once Again Becomes the Place for Fashionistas,"
Miami Herald, January 21, 2004.
• "When it comes to icons, the Adidas SUPERSTAR lives up to its name.
Famous for its rubberised shell toe, the streamlined trainer will forever
be linked to the legendary 70s basketball player Abdul Jabar." Lara
Zamiatin, Sun Herald, June 13,2004.
• "New York 's biggest trendsetters are going public with their locker
room gear this summer . . . . Annemie Dreves - a.k.a. 'Number 56' -
pairs this football-style jersey with well-worn jeans slit at the ankles and
shell-toe Adidas." Danielle Levitt & Libby Callaway, "Gym Dandies,"
The New York Post, September 2, 2001 .
• "One such shoe is the Adidas SUPERSTAR, with its now famous
rubber shell toe. Introduced in 1969 as a basketball shoe, it was worn
by three-quarters ofNational Basketball Association players by the mid
'70s but fell in popularity in the '80s, when chunky Nikes and Reeboks
dominated. Championed by rappers Run DMC, who wrote My Adidas
in 1986, and later the Beastie Boys, they became a cult fashion item,
prompting Adidas to re-release old models." Dominique Jackson,
"Sneaky Feelings," The Australian, August 17, 200 l.• "This season she's wearing frayed and faded Earl Jeans, Adidas shell
toes and an asymmetric top." PR Week, July 13,2001, at 11.
• "dido . . . In her urban chic attire, she is an English rose with a thorny
edge . . . . For casual days, she gravitates toward Adidas shell-toe
sneakers, T-shirts with iron on decals, and Katayone Adeli or Diesel
pants." Heidi Sherman, "Amped +Vamped: Sample the Style High
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Notes of Destiny's Child, Sheryl Crow, Macy Gray and More," In Style,
2 July 2001, at 186.
3 • "But when Michelle Corbett stopped in during her lunch hour to buy a
4 pair of popular Adidas called Superstars (some call them shell toes), she
5 was told that particular pair was not on sale." Bruce Mohl, "Old-
6 Fashioned Bill-Paying Gets New Wrinkle," The Boston Globe, May] 3,
7 2001, at C3.
8 29. As a result of adidas's extensive use and promotion of its Superstar
9 Trade Dress, adidas has built up and owns valuable goodwill that is symbolized by
10 the trade dress. The purchasing public has come to associate the Superstar Trade
11 Dress with adidas. adidas's Superstar Trade Dress is distinctive and non-functional
12 and has achieved significant secondary meaning. Indeed, in 2008 a jury found the
13 Superstar Trade Dress to be valid and famous.
14 V. DEFENDANT'S UNLAWFUL ACTIVITIES
15 30. In blatant disregard of adidas's rights, Defendant is designing,
16 manufacturing, sourcing, importing, distributing, marketing, promoting, offering for
17 sale, and/or selling footwear in interstate commerce bearing confusingly similar
18 imitations of adidas' s Three-Stripe Mark and Superstar Trade Dress (collectively, the
19 "Infringing Footwear"). Representative examples of Defendant's Infringing
20 Footwear are depicted on the following page:
21 Defendant's Infringing Footwear
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18 31. In many instances, Defendant's Infringing Footwear are virtually
19 identical replicas of adidas footwear as shown in the examples below and on the
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Defendant's Infringing Footwear
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Authentic adidas Footwear
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32. On information and belief, Defendant was familiar with adidas 's Three-
Stripe Mark and Superstar Trade Dress when it began designing, manufacturing,
sourcing, importing, distributing, marketing, promoting, offering for sale, and/or
selling the Infringing Footwear identified in this Complaint. On further information
and belief, Defendant intentionally adopted and used confusingly similar imitations
of the Three-Stripe Mark and Superstar Trade Dress knowing that they would mislead
and deceive consumers into believing that the footwear was produced, authorized, or
licensed by adidas, or that the footwear originated from adidas.
33. The Infringing Footwear designed, manufactured, sourced, imported,
distributed, marketed, promoted, offered for sale, and/or sold by Defendant is not
manufactured by adidas. Nor is Defendant associated or connected with adidas, or
licensed, authorized, sponsored, endorsed, or approved by adidas in any way.
34. adidas used the Three-Stripe Mark and Superstar Trade Dress
extensively and continuously before Defendant began designing, manufacturing,
sourcing, importing, distributing, marketing, promoting, offering for sale, and/or
selling confusingly similar imitations of adidas's footwear.
35. The footwear sold by Defendant is similar to, and competes with, goods
sold by adidas, and the parties' products are sold through overlapping channels of
trade.
36. Defendant's use of confusingly similar imitations of adidas's Three-
Stripe Mark is likely to deceive, confuse, and mislead purchasers and prospective
purchasers into believing that the footwear sold by Defendant is manufactured by,
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authorized by, or in some manner associated with adidas, which it is not. The
likelihood of confusion, mistake, and deception engendered by Defendant's
misappropriation of adidas's mark is causing irreparable harm to the goodwill
symbolized by the Three-Stripe Mark and the reputation for quality that it embodies.
37. Defendant's activities are likely to cause confusion before, during, and
after the time of purchase because purchasers, prospective purchasers, and others
viewing Defendant's Infringing Footwear at the point of sale or on a wearer are likely
- due to Defendant's use of confusingly similar imitations of the Three-Stripe Mark
and Superstar Trade Dress - to mistakenly attribute the product to adidas. This is
particularly damaging with respect to those people who perceive a defect or lack of
quality in Defendant's products. By causing a likelihood of confusion, mistake, and
deception, Defendant is inflicting irreparable harm on the goodwill symbolized by the
Three-Stripe Mark and Superstar Trade Dress and the reputation for quality that they
embody_
38. On information and belief, Defendant continues to use confusingly
similar imitations of the Three-Stripe Mark and Superstar Trade Dress in connection
with the sale of footwear that competes with the footwear manufactured and sold byadidas. Defendant began selling the Infringing Footwear well after adidas had
established protectable rights in its Three-Stripe Mark and Superstar Trade Dress and
wel1 after the Three-Stripe Mark and Superstar Trade Dress had become famous.
39. On further information and belief, Defendant knowingly, willfully,
intentionally, and maliciously adopted and used substantially indistinguishable and
confusingly similar imitations of adidas's Three-Stripe Mark and Superstar Trade
Dress.
FIRST CLAIM FOR RELIEF
(Federal Trademark Infringement of the Three-Stripe Mark)
40. adidas repeats and incorporates by reference the allegations in the
preceding paragraphs.
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41. Defendant's use of confusingly similar imitations of adidas's Three-
2 Stripe Mark is likely to cause confusion, deception, and mistake by creating the false
3 and misleading impression that adidas 's products are manufactured, produced,
4 distributed, endorsed, sponsored, approved, or licensed by adidas, or are associated or
5 connected with adidas.
6 42. Defendant has used marks confusingly similar to adidas's federally
7 registered Three-Stripe Mark in violation of IS U.S.C. § ] 114. Defendant 's activities
8 have caused, and unless enjoined by this Court, will continue to cause a likelihood of
9 confusion and deception ofmembers of the trade and public, and additionally, injury
10 to adidas's goodwill and reputation as symbolized by the registered Three-Stripe
I I Mark, for which adidas has no adequate remedy at law.
12 43. Defendant's actions demonstrate an intentional, willful, and malicious
13 intent to trade on the goodwill associated with adidas's federally registered Three-
14 Stripe Mark to adidas's great and irreparable injury.
15 44. Defendant has caused and is likely to continue causing substantial injury
16
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20
to the public and to adidas, and adidas is entitled to injunctive relief and to recover
Defendant's profits, actual damages, enhanced profits and damages, costs, and
reasonable attorneys' fees under 15 U.S.c. §§ 1114, 1116, and 1117.
SECOND CLAIM FOR RELIEF
(Federal Unfair Competition as to the Three-Stripe Mark)
21 45. adidas repeats and incorporates by reference the allegations in the
22 preceding paragraphs.
23 46. Defendant's use of confusingly similar imitations of adidas's Three-
24 Stripe Mark has caused and is likely to continue causing confusion, deception, and
25 mistake by creating the false and misleading impression that Defendant's goods are
26 manufactured or distributed by adidas, are affiliated, connected, or associated with
27 adidas, or have the sponsorship, endorsement, or approval of adidas.
28 / / /
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47. Defendant has made false representations, false descriptions, and false
designations of its goods in violation of 15 U.S.c. § I 125(a). Defendant's activities
have caused, and unless enjoined by this Court, will continue to cause a likelihood of
confusion and deception of mem bers of the trade and public, as well as injury to
adidas's goodwill and reputation as symbolized by the Three-Stripe Mark, for which
adidas has no adequate remedy at law.
48. Defendant's actions demonstrate an intentional, willful, and malicious
intent to trade on the goodwill associated with adidas's Three-Stripe Mark to the
great and irreparable injury of adidas.
49. Defendant's conduct has caused, and is likely to continue causing,
substantial injury to the public and to adidas. adidas is entitled to injunctive relief
and to recover Defendant's profits, actual damages, enhanced profits and damages,
costs, and reasonable attorneys' fees under 15 U.S.c. §§ 1125(a), 1116, and 1117.
THIRD CLAIM FOR RELIEF
(Federal Unfair Competition as to the Superstar Trade Dress)
50. adidas repeats and incorporates by reference the allegations in the
preceding paragraphs.
5]. adidas's Superstar Trade Dress has acquired secondary meaning.
19 52. Defendant's use of confusingly similar imitations ofadidas's Superstar
20 Trade Dress has caused and is likely to cont inue causing confusion, deception, and
21 mistake by creating the false and misleading impression that Defendant's goods are
22 manufactured or distributed by adidas, are affiliated, connected, or associated with
23 adidas, or have the sponsorship, endorsement, or approval of adidas.
24 53. Defendant has made false representations, false descriptions, and false
25 designations of its goods in violation of 15 U.S.C. § 1125(a). Defendant's activities
26 have caused, and unless enjoined by this Court, will continue to cause a likelihood of
27 confusion and deception of members of the trade and public, as well as injury to
28 adidas's goodwill and reputation as symbolized by the Superstar Trade Dress, for
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which adidas has no adequate remedy at law.
54. Defendant's actions demonstrate an intentional, willful, and malicious
intent to trade on the goodwill associated with adidas's Superstar Trade Dress to the
great and irreparable injury of adidas.
55. Defendant' s conduct has caused, and is likely to continue causing,
substantial injury to the public and to adidas. adidas is entitled to injunctive relief
and to recover Defendant 's profits, actual damages, enhanced profits and damages,
costs, and reasonable attorneys' fees under 15 U.S.C. §§ 1125(a), 1116, and 1117.
FOURTH CLAIM FOR RELIEF
(Unfair and Deceptive Trade Practices as to the Three-Stripe Mark)
56. adidas repeats and incorporates by reference the allegations in the
preceding paragraphs.
57. Defendant has been and is passing off its goods as those of adidas,
causing a likelihood of confusion or misunderstanding as to the source, sponsorship,
or approval ofDefendant's goods, causing a likelihood of confusion as to
Defendant's affiliation, connection, or association with adidas, and otherwise
damaging adidas and the consuming public. Defendant 's conduct constitutes unfair
and deceptive acts or practices in the course of a business, trade, or commerce in
violation of the unfair and deceptive trade practices statutes of several states,
including California, CAL. BUS. & PROF. CODE § 17200, et seq. (West 2009);
Colorado, COLO. REV. STAT. ANN. §§ 6-1-101 to 6-1-115 (West 2009); Delaware,
DEL. CODE ANN. tit. 6, §§ 2531 to 2536 (2009); Georgia, GA. CODE ANN. §§ 10-
1-370 to ]0-]-375 (2009); Hawaii, HAW. REV. STAT. §§ 481A-l to 48]A-5 (2009);
Illinois, ILL. COMPo STAT. ANN. ch. 815,51011 to 51017 (2009); Maine, ME. REV.
STAT. ANN. tit. ]0, §§ 1211 to 1216 (West 2009); Minnesota, MINN. STAT. ANN.
§ 325D.43 to.48 (West 2009); Nebraska, NEB. REV. STAT. §§ 87-301 to 87-306
(2009); New Mexico, N.M. STAT. ANN. §§ 57-12-1 to 57-]2-22 (Michie 2009);
New York, N.Y. GEN. BUS. Law § 349 (McKinney 2009); Ohio, OHIO REV.
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CODE ANN. §§ 4165.01 to 4165.04 (Baldwin 2009); and Oklahoma, OKLA. STAT.
ANN. tit. 78, §§ 51 to 55 (West 2009).
58. Defendant's unauthorized use of confusingly similar imitations of
adidas's Three-Stripe Mark has caused and is likely to cause substantial injury to the
public and to adidas. adidas therefore is entitled to injunctive relief and to recover
damages and, if appropriate, punitive damages, costs, and reasonable attorneys' fees.
FIFTH CLAIM FOR RELIEF
(Unfair and Deceptive Trade Practices as to the Superstar Trade Dress)
59. adidas repeats and incorporates by reference the allegations in the
preceding paragraphs.60. Defendant has been and is passing off its goods as those of adidas,
causing a likelihood of confusion or misunderstanding as to the source, sponsorship,
or approval of Defendant's goods, causing a likelihood of confusion as to
Defendant's affiliation, connection, or association with adidas, and otherwise
damaging adidas and the consuming public. Defendant's conduct constitutes unfair
and deceptive acts or practices in the course of a business, trade, or commerce in
violation of the unfair and deceptive trade practices statutes of several states,
including California, CAL. BUS. & PROF. CODE § 17200, et seq. (West 2009);
Colorado, COLO. REV. STAT. ANN. §§ 6-1-101 to 6-1-115 (West 2009); Delaware,
DEL. CODE ANN. tit. 6, §§ 2531 to 2536 (2009); Georgia, GA. CODE ANN. §§ 10-
1-370 to 10-1-375 (2009); Hawaii, HAW. REV. STAT. §§ 481A-l to 481A-5 (2009);
Illinois, ILL. COMPo STAT. ANN. ch. 815, 51011 to 51017 (2009); Maine, ME. REV.
STAT. ANN. tit. 10, §§ 1211 to 1216 (West 2009); Minnesota, MINN. STAT. ANN.
§ 325D.43 to.48 (West 2009); Nebraska, NEB. REV. STAT. §§ 87-301 to 87-306
(2009); New Mexico, N.M. STAT. ANN. §§ 57-12-1 to 57-12-22 (Michie 2009);
New York, N.Y. GEN. BUS. Law § 349 (McKinney 2009); Ohio, OHIO REV.
CODE ANN. §§ 4165.01 to 4165.04 (Baldwin 2009); and Oklahoma, OKLA. STAT.
ANN. tit. 78, §§ 51 to 55 (West 2009).
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1 61. Defendant 's unauthorized use of a confusingly similar imitation of
2 adidas's Superstar Trade Dress has caused and is likely to cause substantial injury to
3 the public and to adidas. adidas therefore is entitled to injunctive relief and to recover
4 damages and, if appropriate, punitive damages, costs, and reasonable attorneys' fees.
SIXTH CLAIM FOR RELIEF5
6
7
(Common Law Trademark Infringement and Unfair Competition as to the
Three-Stripe Mark)
8 62. adidas repeats and incorporates by reference the allegations in the
9 preceding paragraphs.
10 63. Defendant's acts constitute common Jaw trademark infringement and
11 unfair competition, and have created and will continue to create, unless restrained by
12 this Court, a I kel ihood of confusion to the irreparable injury of adidas. adidas has no
13 adequate remedy at law for this injury.
14 64. On information and belief, Defendant acted with full knowledge of
15 adidas's use of, and statutory and common law rights to, the Three-Stripe Mark and
16 without regard to the likelihood of confusion of the public created by Defendant's
17 activities.18 65. Defendant 's actions demonstrate an intentional, willful, and malicious
19 intent to trade on the goodwill associated with adidas's Three-Stripe Mark to the
20 great and irreparable injury of adidas.
21 66. As a result of Defendant's acts, adidas has been damaged in an amount
22 not yet determined or ascertainable. At a minimum, however, adidas is entitled to
23 injunctive relief, an accounting of Defendant's profits, damages, and costs. Further,
24 in light of the deliberately fraudulent and malicious use of confusingly similar
25 imitations of adidas' s Three-Stripe Mark, and the need to deter Defendant from
26 engaging in similar conduct in the future, adidas additionally is entitled to punitive
27 damages.
28 / / /
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SEVENTH CLAIM FOR RELIEF
(Common Law Trademark Infringement and Unfair Competition as to the
2 Superstar Trade Dress)
3 67. adidas repeats and incorporates by reference the allegations in the
4 preceding paragraphs.
5 68. Defendant's acts constitute common law trademark infringement and
6 unfair competition, and have created and will continue to create, unless restrained by
7 this Court, a likelihood of confusion to the irreparable injury of adidas. adidas has no
8 adequate remedy at law for this injury.
9 69. On information and belief, Defendant acted with full knowledge of
10 adidas 's use of, and statutory and common law rights to, the Superstar Trade Dress
11 and without regard to the likelihood of confusion of the public created by
12 Defendant 's activities.
13 70. Defendant's actions demonstrate an intentional, willful, and malicious
14 intent to trade on the goodwill associated with adidas's Superstar Trade Dress to the
15 great and irreparable injury of adidas.
16 71. As a result of Defendant's acts, adidas has been damaged in an amount
17 not yet determined or asceliainable. At a minimum, however, adidas is entitled to18 injunctive relief, an accounting of Defendant 's profits, damages, and costs. Further,
19 in light of the deliberately fraudulent and malicious use of a confusingly similar
20 imitation of adidas' s Superstar Trade Dress, and the need to deter Defendant from
21 engaging in similar conduct in the future, adidas additionally is entitled to punitive
22 damages.
23EIGHTH CLAIM FOR RELIEF
24 (Federal Trademark Dilution as to the Three-Stripe Mark)
25 72. adidas repeats and incorporates by reference the allegations in the
26 preceding paragraphs.
27 73. For decades, adidas has exclusively and continuously promoted and used
28 the registered Three-Stripe Mark both in the United States and throughout the world.
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The mark has thus become a famous and well-known symbol of adidas and its
2 products well before Defendant designed, sourced, manufactured, imported,
3 distributed, marketed, promoted, offered for sale, and/or sold the footwear identified
4 in this Complaint.
5 74. Defendant is making use in commerce ofmarks that dilute and are likely
6 to dilute the distinctiveness of adidas's Three-Stripe Mark by eroding the public's
7 exclusive identification of the famous Three-Stripe Mark with adidas, tarnishing and
8 degrading the positive associations and prestigious connotations of the Three-Stripe
9 Mark, and otherwise lessening the capacity of the Three-Stripe Mark to identify and
10 distinguish adidas' s goods.
11 75. Defendant's actions demonstrate an intentional, willful, and malicious
12 intent to trade on the goodwill associated with adidas's Three-Stripe Mark or to cause
13 dilution of the Three-Stripe Mark to the great and irreparable injury of adidas.
14 76. Defendant has caused and will continue to cause irreparable injury to
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
adidas's goodwill and business reputation, and dilution ofthe distinctiveness and
value of adidas's famous and distinctive Three-Stripe Mark in violation of 15 U.S.c.
§ Il25(c). adidas therefore is entitled to injunctive relief and to Defendant's profits,
actual damages, enhanced profits and damages, costs, and reasonable attorneys' fees
under 15 U.S.C. §§ 1125(c), 1116, and 1117.
NINTH CLAIM FOR RELIEF
(Federal Trademark Dilution as to the Superstar Trade Dress)
22 77. adidas repeats and incorporates by reference the allegations in the
23 preceding paragraphs.
24 78. adidas has extensively and continuously promoted and used the25 Superstar Trade Dress both in the United States and throughout the world. The
26 Superstar Trade Dress had thereby become a famous and well-known symbol of
27 adidas's goods and services well before Defendant offered for sale the footwear
28 identified of in this Complaint.
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1 79. Defendant is making commercial use in commerce of a trade dress that
2 dilutes and is likely to dilute the distinctiveness of adidas's Superstar Trade Dress by
3 eroding the public 's exclusive identification of this famous trade dress with adidas,
4 tarnishing and degrading the positive associations and prestigious connotations of the
5 trade dress, and otherwise lessening the capacity of the trade dress to identifY and
6 distinguish adidas's goods and services.
7 80. Defendant's actions demonstrate an intentional, willful, and malicious
8 intent to trade on the goodwill associated with adidas's Superstar Trade Dress or to
9 cause dilution of the Superstar Trade Dress to the great and irreparable injury of
10 adidas.
11 81. Defendant has caused and will continue to cause irreparable injury to
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
adidas's goodwill and business reputation, and dilution of the distinctiveness and
value of adidas's famous and distinctive Superstar Trade Dress in violation of 15
U.S.c. § 1125(c). adidas therefore is entitled to injunctive relief and to Defendant's
profits, actual damages, enhanced profits and damages, and reasonable attorneys' fees
pursuant to ] 5 U.S.C. §§ II25(c), 1116 and 1117.
TENTH CLAIM FOR RELIEF
(State Trademark Dilution as to the Three-Stripe Mark)
19 82. adidas repeats and incorporates by reference the allegations in the
20 preceding paragraphs.
21 83. adidas has extensively and continuously promoted and used the
22 registered Three-Stripe Mark both in the United States and throughout the world, and
23 the mark has thereby become a distinctive, famous, and well-known symbol of
24 adidas's goods and services well before Defendant designed, sourced, manufactured,25 imported, distributed, marketed, promoted, offered for sale, and/or sold the footwear
26 identified in this Complaint. The Three-Stripe Mark is widely recognized by the
27 general consuming public of the State ofCalifornia as a designation that adidas is the
28 source of the goods bearing the Three-Stripe Mark.
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84. Defendant's unauthorized imitations of adidas's Three-Stripe Mark
2 dilute and are likely to dilute the distinctiveness of adidas's mark by eroding the
3 publ ic's exclusive identification of this famous and well-known mark with adidas,
4 and tarnishing and degrading the positive associations and prestigious connotations of
5 the mark, and otherwise lessening the capacity of the mark to identify and distinguish
6 adidas's goods and services.
7 85. Defendant is causing and wi]] continue to cause irreparable injury to
8 adidas ' s goodwill and business reputation, and dilution of the distinctiveness and
9 value of adidas's famous Three-Stripe Mark in violation of the California anti-
10 dilution statute, CAL. BUS. & PROF. CODE § 14247 (West 2009), as well as the
11 antidilution laws of the several states, including Alabama, ALA. CODE § 8-12-17
]2 (2009); Alaska, ALASKA STAT. §45.50.180 (Michie 2009); Arizona, ARIZ. REV.
13 STAT. ANN. §44-1448.01 (West 2009); Arkansas, ARK. CODE ANN. § 4-71-213
14 (2009); Connecticut, CONN. GEN. STAT. ANN § 35-11i(c) (West 2009); Delaware,
15 DEL. CODE ANN. tit. 6, § 3313 (2009); Florida, FLA. STAT. ANN. § 495.151
16 (West 2007); Georgia, GA. CODE ANN. § 10-1-451 (2009); Hawaii, HAW. REV.
17 STAT. ANN. § 482-32 (Michie 2009); Idaho, IDAHO CODE § 48-513 (Michie
18 2009); Illinois, 765 ILL. COMPo STAT. ANN. 1036/65 (2009); Iowa, IOWA CODE
19 ANN. § 548.113 (West 2009); Indiana, IN. CODE 24-2-13.5 (West 2009); Kansas,
20 KAN. STAT. ANN. § 81-214 (2009); Louisiana, LA. REV. STAT. ANN. § 51 :223.]
21 (West 2009); Maine, ME. REV. STAT. ANN. tit. 10, § 1530 (West 2000);
22 Massachusetts, MASS. GEN. LAWS. ANN. ch. 11OH, § 13 (West 2009); Minnesota,
23 MINN. STAT. ANN. § 333.285 (West 2009); Mississippi, MISS. CODE. ANN. § 75-
24 25-25 (2009); Missouri, MO. ANN. STAT. § 417.061(1) (West 2009); Montana,
25 MONT. CODE ANN. § 30-13-334 (2009); Nebraska, NEB. REV. STAT. ANN. §87-
26 ]40 (Michie 2009); Nevada, NEV. REV. STAT. 600.435 (2007); New Hampshire,
27 N.H. REV. STAT. ANN. § 350-A:12 (2009); New Jersey, N.J. STAT. ANN. 56:3-
28 13.20 (West 2009); New Mexico, N.M. STAT. ANN. § 57-3B-] 5 (Michie 2009);
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New York, N.Y. GEN. BUS. Law § 360-1 (2009); Oregon, O.R.S. § 647.107 (2009);
2 Pennsylvania, 54 PA. CONS. STAT. ANN. § 1124 (West 2009); Rhode Island, R.T.
3 GEN. LAWS § 6-2-12 (2009); South Carolina, S. C. CODE ANN. § 39-15-1165
4 (2009) Tennessee, TENN. CODE ANN. § 47-25-513 (2009); Texas, TEX. BUS. &
5 COM. CODE ANN. § 16.29 (Vernon 2009); Utah, UT. CODE ANN. §70-3a-403
6 (2009); Washington, WASH. REV. CODE ANN. § 19.77.160 (West 2009); West
7 Virginia, W.V. STAT. ANN. 47-2-13 (Michie 2009); and Wyoming, WYO. STAT.
8 ANN. § 40-1-115 (Michie 2009). adidas therefore is entitled to injunctive relief,
9 damages, and costs, as well as, if appropriate, enhanced damages and reasonable
10 attorneys' fees.
11 PRAYER FOR RELIKF
12 WHEREFORE, adidas prays that:
] 3 1. Defendant and all of its agents, officers, employees, representatives,
14 successors, assigns, attorneys, and all other persons acting for, with, by, through, or
15 under the authority from Defendant, or in concert or participation with Defendant,
16 and each of them, be enjoined pennanently from:
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
a. using adidas's Three-Stripe Mark, the Superstar Trade
Dress, or any other copy, reproduction, colorable imitation, or
simulation of adidas's Three-Stripe Mark or Superstar Trade
Dress on or in connection with Defendant's products;
b. using any trademark, trade dress, service mark, name, logo,
design or source designation of any kind on or in connection with
Defendant's goods or services that is a copy, reproduction,
colorable imitation, or simulation of, or confusingly similar to, thetrademarks, trade dresses, service marks, names or logos of
adidas;
c. using any trademark, trade dress, service mark, name, logo,
design or source designation of any kind on or in connection with
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12
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15 2.
Defendant's goods or services that is likely to cause confusion,
mistake, deception, or public misunderstanding that such goods or
services are produced or provided by adidas, or are sponsored or
authorized by adidas or are in any way connected or related to
adidas;
d. using any trademark, trade dress, service mark, name, logo,
design or source designation of any kind on or in connection with
Defendant's goods or services that dilutes or is likely to dilute the
distinctiveness of the trademarks, trade dresses, service marks,
names, or logos of adidas; and
e. passing off, palming off, or assisting in passing off or
palming off Defendant's goods or services as those of adidas, or
otherwise continuing any and all acts of unfair competition as
alleged in this Complaint;
Defendant be ordered to recall all products bearing the Three-Stripe
16 Mark, the Superstar Trade Dress or any other confusingly similar variation thereof,
17 which have been shipped by Defendant or under its authority, to any customer,
] 8 including but not limited to, any wholesaler, distributor, retailer, consignor, or
19 marketer, and also to deliver to each customer a copy of this Court's order as it
20 relates to said injunctive relief against Defendant;
21 3. Defendant be ordered to deliver up for impoundment and for destruction,
22 all footwear, bags, boxes, labels, tags, signs, packages, receptacles, advertising,
23 sample books, promotional materials, stationary, or other materials in the possession,
24 custody or under the control of Defendant that are found to adopt, infringe, or dilute25 any of adidas's trademarks, trade dresses, or that otherwise unfairly compete with
26 adidas and its products and services;
27 / / /
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4. Defendant be compelled to account to adidas for any and all profits
2 derived by Defendant from the sale or distribution of infringing goods as described in
3 this Complaint;
4 5. adidas be awarded all damages caused by acts forming the basis of this
5 Complaint;
6 6. Based on Defendant's knowing and intentional use of confusingly
7 similar imitations of adidas's Three-Stripe Mark and Superstar Trade Dress, the
8 damages awarded be trebled and the award of Defendant's profits be enhanced as
9 provided for by 15 U.S.C. § 11 17(a);
10 7. Defendant be required to pay to adidas the costs and reasonable
11 attorneys' fees incurred by adidas in this action pursuant to 15 U.S.c. § lI17(a) and
12 the state statutes cited in this Complaint;
13 8. Based on Defendant' s wi1lful and deliberate infringement and/or dilution
14 ofadidas's mark, and to deter such conduct in the future, adidas be awarded punitive
15 damages;
16 9. Defendant be required to pay prejudgment and post-judgment interest on
17 the damages and profits awards; and
18 ]O. adidas have such other and further relief as the Court may deem just.
19 JURY TRIAL DEMAND
20 Plaintiffs respectfully demand a trial by jury on all c1aims and issues so
21 triable.
22
23
2425
26
27
28
DATED: October 11, 2013 Respectfully submitted,
KILPATRICK TOWNSEND & STOCKTON LLP
Attomexs for PlaintiffADIDAS AG and ADIDAS AMERICA, INC.
29 - COMPLAINT
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