Post on 21-Jan-2018
LANGUAGE AND SOCIAL CONTEXT
CULTURE
SITUATION
IDEOLOGY
phonology
Phonology/
Graphology/
Sign
(Discourse)
Semantics
Lexicogrammar
Field
Tenor
Mode
Ideation/
Conjunction
Negotiation Identification
Transitivity/
Ergativity
Mood Theme/
Rheme
ExperientialFunction
Textual Function
InterpersonalFunction
EXCHANGE STRUCTURES(Conversation Structures)
Conversation is structured in terms of Move. In addition, systematically the realization of moves are related to Speech Functions and Moods. In this way, conversations are multi-dimensionally analyzed.
Move refers to the function or role played by a speaker (addresser) in a conversation in his/her relation to the function or role played by the hearer (addressee) and the commodity being exchanged.
Exchange of Information1. k2 Λ k1
k2 A: Did you go to the party?k1 B: Yes
EXCHANGE of INFORMATION
2. k2 Λ k1 Λ k2f
k2 A: Where did you go last week?
k1 B: Bali.
k2f A: Thank you.
3. k2 Λ k1 Λ k2f Λ k1f
k2 A: When did you go to Bali?
k1 B: Last month.
k2f A: Thank you.
k1f B: My pleasure (You’re welcome…)
Exchange of Information 14. dk1 Λ k2 Λ k1 Λ k2f Λ k1f
dk1 A: What’s the capital of Australia?k2 B: Sydney.k1 A: No, it’s Canberra.k2f B: Oh, I see.k1f A: Good.
5. dk1 Λ k2 Λ k1 Λ k2f Λ k1fdk1 A: What’s the capital of Australia?k2 B: Canberrak1 A: Goodk2f B: Thank you.k1f A: My pleasure.
Exchange of Information 2
6. (dk1 Λ (k2)) Λ k1 Λ (k2f) Λ (k1f)a. k1b. k1 Λ k2fc. k1 Λ k2f Λ k1fd. k2 Λ k1e. k2 Λ k1 Λ k2ff. k2 Λ k1 Λ k2f Λ k1fg. dk1 Λ k2 Λ k1h. dk1 Λ k2 Λ k1 Λ k2fi. dk1 Λ k2 Λ k1 Λ k2f Λ k1f
Λ : ‘followed by’dk1: delayed primary knowerk1 : primary knowerk2 : secondary knowerk1f : primary knower follow upk2f : secondary knower follow up
Exchange of Goods & Services1. a2 Λ a1
a2 A: Give me the book!
a1 B: Here you are (Nonverbal response)
2. a2 Λ a1 Λ a2f
a2 A: Pass me the salt!
a1 B: Here you are.
a2f A: Thank you.
3. a2 Λ a1 Λ a2f Λ a1f
a2 A: Pass me the salt!
a1 B: Here you are.
a2f A: Thank you.
a1f B: My pleasure.
Exchange of Goods & Services 1
4. da1 Λ a2 Λ a1 Λ a2f Λ a1f
da1 A: Can I get you a drink?
a2 B: Yes, please.
a1 A: Here you are.
a2f B: Thank you.
a1f A: My pleasure.
Exchange of Goods & Services 26. ((da1 Λ (a2)) Λ a1 Λ (a2f) Λ (a1f)a. a1b. a1 Λ a2fc. a1 Λ a2f Λ a1fd. a2 Λ a1e. a2 Λ a1 Λ a2ff. a2 Λ a1 Λ a2f Λ a1fg. da1 Λ a2 Λ a1h. da1 Λ a2 Λ a1 Λ a2fi. da1 Λ a2 Λ a1 Λ a2f Λ a1f
Λ : ‘followed by’da1: delayed primary actora1 : primary actora2 : secondary actora1f : primary actor follow upa2f : secondary actor follow up
DYNAMICS of CONVERSATION
cl : clarificationrcl : response to clarificationch : challengerch: response to challengecf : confirmationrcf: response to confirmation
da1 A : Can I get you a drink? cl B : A what? rcl A : A drink? a2 B : Yes, please. a1 A : Here you are. a2f B : Thank you. a1f A : My pleasure.
Clarification
k2 A : Did you go to the dinner party?
cl B : Where?
rcl A : To the dinner party.
k1 B : Yes
k2f A : Thank you.
Challenge and Confirmation
k2 A: When did you send the letter?
ch B: It’s none of your business.
rch A: What? It’s my responsibility.
k1 B: Last week.
k2f A: Behave yourself.
a2 A: I would like to have a bread.
cf B: You want the toasted bread, do you?
rcf A: Definitely.
a1 B: Here it is.
a2f A: Thank you.
ab
A: Where did you go last week?
B: It’s not your business
A: What? I’m in charge?
B: You’re what?
A: You rely on my work
B: What? What did you say?
A: So what I’m the boss
B: You’re the host?
A: Oh, dear …..
Speech Function
giving
demanding
information
goods & services
initiating
responding
Roles
Commodity
Orientation
SPEECHFUNCTION
giving/information/initiating = statement (S)giving/information/responding = acknowledge statement (AS) demanding/information/initiating = question (Q)demanding/information/responding = response statement to question (RSQ)giving/goods & services/initiating = offer (O)giving/goods & services/responding = acknowledge offer (AO)demanding/goods & services/initiating = command (C) demanding/goods & services/responding = response offer to command (ROC)
S Λ AS
Q Λ RSQ
O Λ AO
C Λ ROC
Speech Function
giving
demanding
information
goods & services
initiating
responding
Roles
Commodity
Orientation
SPEECHFUNCTION
MOOD
indicative
imperative
declarative
interrogativewh-
polar
MOOD
I went to the party. = declarativeDid you go to the party? = interrogative (polar)When did you go to the city? = interrogative (wh-)Go out! = imperative
SPEECH FUNCTIONS AND EXCHANGE STRUCTURES
ROLES INFORMATION GOODS & SERVICES
GIVING Statement Offer
DEMANDING Question Command
COMMODITY
Proposition Proposal
((dk1) Λ k2)) Λ k1 Λ (k2f) Λ (k1f) ((da1) Λ (a2)) Λ a1 Λ (a2f) Λ (a1f)
((dx1) Λ x2)) Λ x1 Λ (x2f) Λ (x1f)
Multi-layered Analysis
Move
k2
k1
k2
k1
a2
a1
cl
rcl
a2f
Conversation
A: Did you meet him?
B: Yes
A: How does he look like?
B: Smart
Give me the book
A: Here you are
B: What?
A: This is the book
B: Thank you
MOOD
Interrogative
Elliptical Declarative
Interrogative
Elliptical Declarative
Imperative
Declarative
Minor
Declarative
Elliptical Declarative
SF
Q
RSQ
Q
RSQ
C
ROC
-
S
S
Analysis
move conversation Mood SF
k2
cl
rcl
k1
k2
K1
cf
rcf
a2
a1
A: Did you go to the party?
B: What? What did you
say?
A: I asked if if you went
went to the party
B: Yes
Did you go there too?
B: Yes
A: Did you say “yes’?
B: Yes
Please give me the book
A: Here you are
Interrogative
Interrogative
Declarative
Elliptical Dec.
Interrogative
Elliptical Dec.
Interrogative
Elliptical Dec
Imperative
Declarative
Q
Q
Q
RSQ
S
RSQ
Q
RSQ
C
ROC
Metaphorical Coding
Move Conversation Mood SF
a2
a1
a2f
k2
k1
A: Will you open the door?
B: Sure, I will
A: Thank you
A: Can you give me the book?
B: It’s over there
Inter.
El Decl
El Decl
Inter.
Decl.
C
ROC
-
C
ROC
AssignmentAnalyze the following conversation in terms of move, speech function and mood.A: We went out to look for food.B: You did
Did you find any at that late time of night?A: Yes, instant noodle.B: You had nude or what sort of food?A: Noodle, instant noodleB: Do you think I’m stupid?A: Do you need a witness for that?B: Let’s go back to what we’ve been talkingA: OKB: Would you like to smoke to make you recall everything better?A: Yes, pleaseB: Back to our business.
Did you meet the boy in the shop where you had noodle?A: No, he came over by himself.B: But you confessed that before.A: Did I?
I didn’tB: You did
Look at this paper.You signed it, did you?
A: I didn’t I told you I didn’t