Post on 02-Jun-2018
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EMPULSE™ - ELECTROMAGNETIC MWD
PRECISIONPULSE – MUD PULSE MWD
DRILLING SERVICES
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EMpulseTM 2
Table of Contents
Introduction........................................................................................................................................................... 3
Tools Overview...................................................................................................................................................... 4
ElectroMagnetic MWD ....................................................................................................................................... 4
PrecisionPulse MWD.......................................................................................................................................... 5
EM-HEL MWD ................................................................................................................................................... 5
Electromagnetic MWD - EMpulse™ .................................................................................................................. 6
Simple, rapid installation at the rigsite ............................................................................................................... 6
Reduced tool inventory / mobilization................................................................................................................. 6
Increased application.......................................................................................................................................... 6
No restriction on drilling fluid characteristics.................................................................................................... 6
Two-way communication with the MWD tool ..................................................................................................... 6
Drilling optimization........................................................................................................................................... 7
Reduced survey / connection times...................................................................................................................... 7
Reduced fishing / lost in hole costs ..................................................................................................................... 7
Improved reliability............................................................................................................................................. 7
Principle of Electromagnetic Transmission ........................................................................................................ 8
Extended Range System........................................................................................................................................ 9
Advantages of extended range versus wet connect............................................................................................ 10
MWD measurements versus drilling operations conditions.............................................................................. 10
Insulated Casing.................................................................................................................................................. 11
Description of the Weatherford EMpulse™ System........................................................................................ 12
EMpulse™ tool carrier / emitter sub ................................................................................................................ 12
EMpulse™ tool carrier - mechanical characteristic......................................................................................... 13
EMpulse™ Sensor Probe Description ............................................................................................................... 15
Surface installation - no lost rig time, no adaptation of rig equipment............................................................. 15
EMpulse™ Tool................................................................................................................................................... 16
EMpulse™ Sensor Description .......................................................................................................................... 17
Directional sensor............................................................................................................................................. 17
Universal Gamma Ray Module.......................................................................................................................... 18
Oriented Gamma Ray (OGR) option................................................................................................................. 18
Annulus Pressure Module................................................................................................................................... 19
General Specifications ...................................................................................................................................... 19
Applications ...................................................................................................................................................... 19
EMpulse™ Questionnaire .......................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Mud Pulse MWD – PrecisionPulse .................................................................................................................... 20
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EMpulseTM 3
Introduction
Weatherford International, Ltd. provides equipment and services used for the drilling,
completion, and production of oil and natural gas wells. The company operates through four
divisions: Evaluation, Drilling & Intervention Services; Completion & Production Systems;
Precision Drilling International; and Pipeline & Specialty Services.
The Evaluation, Drilling & Intervention Services (EDI) division provides a range of oilfield
products and services, including drilling services and equipment; cased hole and open hole
wireline services; well construction and installation services; cementing products and equipment;
underbalanced systems; fishing and intervention services; liner systems; and expandable solid
tubular systems.
One of two primary business units within EDI, Performance Drilling & Evaluation Services,
(PD&E) concentrates on Weatherford’s emerging markets, including drilling services, wireline
services, underbalanced systems, and well testing services, and geoscience services.
PD&E specializes in Measurement While Drilling, Logging While Drilling and all aspects of
Directional and Horizontal Drilling technologies.
Aggressive R&D initiatives continue to provide the industry with innovative technologies, many
of which will incorporate EM telemetry.
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EMpulseTM 4
Tools Overview
ElectroMagnetic MWD
Weatherford’s EMpulse™ technology has made considerable advances since its introduction in1987. The ability of the EM-MWD to circumvent some of the limitations of the more
conventional mud-pulse telemetry systems has led to an increasing scope for application of the
technology.
In the following examples the EMPulse™ successfully transmitted real time data in very deep
wells using the standard set-up:
Company Location TVD ft MD ft
U.P.R. Utah, USA 18,500 20,000
AMOCO Wyoming, USA 18,000 18,000
BP Colombia 15,000 16,000
TOTAL Yemen 14,500 15,800
BP Oklahoma, USA 14,500 14,500
BURLINGTON Canada 13,780 16,740
The electronic components specifications, mounting techniques and internal mechanical
assemblies of the current EMpulse™ tool were completely reviewed in 2001 to operate in theharshest environments for air, mist and under-balanced drilling applications. The entire fleet
went through a retrofit process between 2002 and 2004. As a direct result the MTBF increased by
250% (2000 hours) drilling with conventional fluid and by 350% (1200 hours) in under-balanced
drilling environment.
Weatherford’s current generation EMpulse™ system is able to provide the following data,transmitted from downhole to surface, in real-time:
Directional Surveying
Annulus Pressure (PWD)
Formation Gamma Ray
Oriented Gamma Ray (OGR)
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EMpulseTM 5
PrecisionPulse MWD
The PrecisonPulse system offers the high reliability of the EMpulse™ sonde-based tools and the
AES pulser from the HEL system allowing the system to perform in hostile drilling fluid
handling up to 80 lbs/bbl of lost circulating material (LCM).
The PrecisionPulse is retrievable depending on the drillstring and bottom hole assembly
configuration.
This Product was commercially introduced in August 2004 and has been successfully deployed
globally in North America, South America, Europe and the Middle East.
The current system is able to provide the following data, transmitted from downhole to surface,in real-time:
Directional Surveying
Formation Gamma Ray
EM-HEL MWD
EM transmitter development has lead to full incorporation with the HEL LWD collar mounted
suite of tools and the RevolutionTM
Rotary Steerable System. Successful jobs were performed
with the EM-HEL, Gamma Ray, Bore/Annulus pressure and Multi-Frequency Resistivity (MFR)
in North America and the Middle East in underbalanced drilling conditions (SPE 92617).
Today’s generation of EM-HEL system is able to provide the following data, transmitted from
downhole to surface, in real-time:
Bore/Annular Pressure (BAPTM
)
High-Temperature Gamma Ray (HAGR TM
)
Multi Frequency Resistivity (MFR TM)
Azimuthal Density (AZDTM
) and Thermal Neutron Porosity (TNPTM
)
RSS data
Environmental Severity Measurement (ESMTM
) data is available in memory mode only.
IDS Batteries EMTBAP
Pulser CMS GR Battery BTR CDS
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EMpulseTM 6
Electromagnetic MWD - EMpulse™
This advanced system of Electromagnetic Data Transmission provides several major benefitsover traditional mud pulse telemetry systems, which result in significant operational time, and
subsequent cost savings.
Simple, rapid installation at the rigsite
Surface equipment can be installed at the rigsite in less than one hour without any modifications
to the rig package or blow out preventors. Only two surface cables are deployed; one connected
to the surface casing and a second cable acting as an earth antennae. For offshore operations the
earth antenna is referred to as a seabed antenna and is deployed with a supply boat. The surface package consists of a transceiver/interface coupled to a PC computer, a graphic printer and rig
floor, remote display. Additional remote display workstations may be positioned as required.
Reduced tool inventory / mobil ization
The Weatherford EMpulse™ sensor is a sonde based design configured for use in a full range of
drillstring tubular and hole sizes. Weatherford stocks a full range of non-magnetic tubulars (toolcarriers) to house the instrument sondes.
Increased application
EMpulse™ telemetry is impervious to drilling and wellbore fluids. The transmission of data is
working with standard mud and is unaffected by loss of drilling fluid returns, the use of air, air-
mist or foam systems, or the use of other multiphase drilling fluid mediums generally associatedwith underbalanced drilling practices.
No restriction on dr illing fluid characteristics
Since the EMpulse™ telemetry is independent of drilling fluid characteristics, hydraulic or
rheological limitations have no effect upon the quality or rate of data transmission. The
EMpulse™ tool employs solid state technologies contributing to a robust overall design andexceptional record of durability. The standard system design provides for an annulus area
between the inside of the drill collar and the outside of the EMpulse™ tool body which is the
same cross sectional area as that of most standard drill collar bores, resulting in no additional
pressure drop across the tool section and no limitations on the use of lost circulation material.
Two-way communication with the MWD tool
A fundamental advantage of the Weatherford EMpulse™ telemetry system is the downlink
ability which allows operators to communicate instructions to the downhole instrumentation
while drilling proceeds. Both uplink and downlink transmissions communicate on the same
channel. The downhole instrumentation can be interrogated or reprogrammed at any time by
direct communications protocol, which is completely independent of the rig or drilling activity.
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EMpulseTM 7
Drilling optimization
The drillstring need only be stationary for a few seconds for survey data to be recorded (less thanconnection time) thus reducing the possibilities of differential sticking or hole sloughing due to
extended periods without circulation.
Reduced survey / connection timesDue to the EMpulse™ system’s independence from drilling hydraulics, there is no lag time or
need to cycle pumps for synchronization purposes when survey data is being transmitted or to re-
sync after anomalous drilling hydraulics incidents.
Reduced fishing / lost in hole costs
Weatherford has designed its latest generation of EMpulse™ tool to allow, in certain BHA
configurations, that the downhole EMpulse™ tool electronics can be wireline retrievable. This
allows for more efficient fishing operations and significantly reduces potential lost in hole costs.
Improved reliability
The Weatherford EMpulse™ tool is entirely solid state electronics, having been designed, from
the outset, to operate in harsh environments; air, mist and multiphase underbalanced horizontal
drilling applications.
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EMpulseTM 8
Principle of Electromagnetic Transmission
The EMpulse™ injects an electric current into the formation around the hole. An electromagnetic
wave is created, and propagates through the formation with the drillstring and casing acting as awave guide.
Electromagnetic Transmission System
Transmitter-
Receiver
Earth
Antenna
Bi-directional
Transmission
Emitting
Antenna Drill BitInjected
Current
Propagation of electromagnetic waves along the drillstring is strongly enhanced by the guiding
effect of the electrically conductive drillstring.
Signal propagation is dependent on the nature (resistivity) of the formations traversed by the
electromagnetic waves, and on the frequency of the waves carrying the information. Although
the EMpulse™ system can be configured to operate at any depth in practically any formation, thesystem’s set-up is determined by a number of factors which may contribute to signal attenuation.
Well profile and formation resistivities are the variable factors used to model communications
characteristics and determine if electromagnetic transmission is feasible. A basic well planquestionnaire and an offset open hole resistivity log are used to model conditions for these
purposes.
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EMpulseTM 9
Extended Range System
The Extended Range (ER) system allows the use of EM transmission where the conventional
EMpulse™ system cannot perform due to excessive depth or ‘barrier’ formations whichcontribute to signal attenuation. This patented system uses the proven technology of the
EMpulse™ tool (Deviation, Gamma Ray, Annulus Pressure) combined with a mono conductor
wire line antenna which is used to traverse formations problem. (SPE 74461)
In addition to the standard EMpulse™ equipment, a wireline unit will be mobilized for the ER
operation.
The antenna cable is stabbed into the downhole tool by means of a wet connect assembly. Upon
installation the wireline is cut and a landing basket, located inside the drill pipe box connection,
to retain the upper end of the antenna. Installation of the cable antenna on initial rig-up takes
around one hour for an antenna length of 2000 meters. Subsequent to installation no furtherhandling of the wireline is required until tripping out of the hole. Once installed, the wireline
presents no further intervention problems on connections or for the use of in line underbalanced
drilling check valves. The system is designed for retrieval of the cable (wireline) whatever the
configuration whenever the drillstring configuration allows.
WetConnector
EM-MWD
ElectricCable
HangingSub
Earth AntennaTransmitter Receiver
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EMpulseTM 10
Advantages of extended range versus wet connect
No need to retrieve the cable for pipe connections.
No excessive stationary and pumps off time during connections.
No wireline cable through the gooseneck, swivel and kelly; no hydraulic pack off or
line wiper required.
Downhole measurements can be performed during tripping (multishot survey) and
pipe connections.
MWD measurements versus drilling operations conditions
Drilling OperationsMeasurement
System Standard Fluid Compressible Fluid Tripping Pipe Connection
Steering Tool Wet Connect YES YES NO NO
Mud Pulse MWD YES NO NO NO
EMpulse™ YES YES YES YES
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EMpulseTM 11
Insulated Casing
A new alternative system called “Coated Casing” has been developed to overcome
electromagnetic transmission problems and is also a patented technology. The principle of thissystem is to apply an external coating to the casing to improve the EM transmission. This
technology can only be used in new wells, as opposed to re-entry applications unless the re-entry
is performed close enough to surface.
A successful trial was achieved in Southern North Sea with Shell U.K. Exploration and
Production, where EMpulse™ transmitted inclination, azimuth, toolfaces, gamma ray and
annulus pressure while drilling the 6” hole underbalanced below the Zechstein formation (SPE
81628).
On the illustration below, the coating of the casing is represented in blue. The necessary length of
coated casing is determined by modeling to allow direct transmission of the EMpulse™, as
opposed to the transmission with the antenna cable with the Extended Range.
White coated casing joints, ready to be run in the hole
Coated casing joints being run in the hole
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EMpulseTM 12
Descript ion of the Weatherford EMpulse™ System
The EMpulse™ downhole tool assembly consists of three basic parts: (1) the EMpulse™ tool
(sensors, transceiver, electronics, and battery section), (2) the EMpulse™ Tool Carrier whichhouses the tool and forms an integral part of the drillstring and (3) the Emitting Sub which is an
electrical insulator designed to interrupt drillstring conductivity.
EMpulse™ tool carrier / emitter sub
The basic EMpulse™ DC line consists of two non-magnetic tubular sections, inside of which the
EMpulse™ tool is located. The EM-MWD DC line is designed to house the EMpulse™ tool
safely & securely as an integral part of the bottom hole assembly and is made in two sections:
1. The upper section called the Emitting Sub (about 3.5m long) Enables the creation of theEM transmission.
2. The lower section, called the Tool Carrier (about 6.0m long) supports the EMpulse™
tool (containing the electronics, sensors, transmitter and powerpack).
Weatherford has the following Tool Carrier diameter sizes available:
Tool Carrier Diameter Connection
9-1/2" API 7-5/8” Reg BxB
8" (Standard) API 6-5/8” Reg BxB
8” (Flex) API 6-5/8” Reg BxB
6-3/4” (standard) API 4-1/2” IF BxB
6-3/4” (Flex) API 4-1/2” IF BxB
6-1/4” API 4” IF BxB
4-3/4” API 3-1/2” IF BxB
3-1/2” (Flex) Acme 2-7/8” stub
3-3/8” Acme 2-7/8” stub
3-1/16” Acme 2-11/16-4 stub
The complete tool carrier (Emitting Sub & Tool Carrier) is manufactured to meet the API Spec 7
certification. Connections follow normal standard oilfield practise, depending upon collar
diameter however special connections can be manufactured to meet a specific needs.
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EMpulseTM 13
EMpulse™ tool carrier - mechanical characteristic
Outside Diameter
System Inch 3"1/16 3"3/8 3"1/2 Flex 4"3/4 6"1/4 6"3/4 6"3/4 Flex 8" 9"1/2
mm 77.8 85.7 88.9 120.6 158.7 171.1 171.1 203.2 241.3
Emitting Sub Inch 3"1/16 3"3/8 3"1/2 4"3/4 6"1/4 6"3/4 6"3/4 7”3/4 9"1/2
mm 77.8 85.7 88.9 120.6 158.7 171.1 171.1 196.9 241.3
Tool Carrier & Inch 3"1/16 3"3/8 3"1/2 4"3/4 6"1/4 6"3/4 6"3/4 8" 9"1/2
Muleshoe mm 77.8 85.7 88.9 120.6 158.7 171.1 171.1 203.2 241.3
Inside Diameter
Emitting Sub Inch 2"5/32 2"5/32 2"5/32 2"1/4 2"1/4 2"13/16 2"13/16 2"13/16 3"
mm 54.6 54.6 54.6 57.1 57.1 71.4 71.4 71.4 76.2
Tool Carrier & Inch 2”5/32 2”5/32 2”5/32 3"11/64 3"11/64 3"15/16 3"15/16 3"15/16 4"13/32
Muleshoe mm 54.6 54.6 54.6 83 83 100 100 100 112
Length
Emitting Sub ft 7.3 ft 7.3 ft 7.3 ft 10.2 ft 10.5 ft 10.7 ft 10.7 ft 11.3 ft 12.3 ft
meter 2.19 2.19 2.19 3.10 3.19 3.28 3.28 3.46 3.75Tool Carrier ft 19.1 ft 19.1 ft 19.1 ft 19.7 ft 19.7 ft 19.7 ft 19.7 ft 19.7 ft 19.7 ft
meter 5.74 5.74 5.74 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00
X-Over ft - - - option 1.2 ft 1.2 ft 1.2 ft 1.2 ft 1.2 ft
meter - - - option 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35
Muleshoe ft 2 ft 2 ft 2 ft 3.2 ft 3.2 ft 3.2 ft 3.2 ft 3.2 ft 3.2 ft
meter 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95
Total length
MWD Assembly ft 28.4 ft 28.4 ft 28.4 ft 33.1 ft 34.2 ft 34.8 ft 34.8 ft 35.4 ft 36.4 ft
meter 8.53 8.53 8.53 10.5 10.49 10.58 10.58 10.76 11.05
Weight in Air
MWD Assembly kg 160 230 240 560 1290 1400 1400 2130 tn 3180
lbs 332 493 525 1230 2830 3065 3065 4690 7000
Connections
2"11/16-4stub ACME
2"7/8 stub ACME
2"7/8 stub ACME
API3"1/2 IF
BxB
API4" IFBxB
API4"1/2 IF
BxB
API4"1/2 IF
BxB
API6"5/8 Reg
BxB
API7"5/8 Reg
BxB
Max Recommended Flow Rate
Standard Collar ID gpm 160 160 160 400 400 800 800 800 1200
Standard Collar ID L/mn 600 600 600 1500 1500 3000 3000 3000 4500
Make up torque
ft.lbs 3540 5500 5500 8800 22900 28200 28200 44000 73000
m.daN 480 750 750 1200 3100 3840 3840 6000 9900
Equivalent stiffness
Inch OD 3"1/16 3"3/8 3"1/16 4"17/32 6"3/32 6"19/32 6"19/32 7"25/32 9"11/32
mm OD 77.8 85.7 77.8 113.5 154.8 167.5 167.5 197.6 237.3
Sub + DC Inch ID 2”5/32 2”5/32 2”5/32 2"1/4 2"1/4 2"13/16 2"13/16 2"13/16 3"
mm OD 54.6 54.6 54.6 57.1 57.1 71.4 71.4 71.4 76.2
Dog Leg (standard line)
Sliding 116º /100ft 66º /100ft 116º /100ft 25º /100ft 20º /100ft 18º /100ft 66º /100ft 15º /100ft 14º /100ft
Rotating 38º /100ft 27º /100ft 38º /100ft 16º /100ft 14º /100ft 13º /100ft 27º /100ft 10º /100ft 7.5º /100ft
All system tubulars are made of non-magnetic alloy.
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EMpulseTM 15
EMpulse™ Sensor Probe Description
The EMpulse™ Sensor probe is located inside the Tool Carrier/Emitting Sub. The EMpulse™
probe consists of three standard sections:
1. A lithium battery housing (BAT), which is the power source for the MWD sensors,
system control, data memory, signal transmission and reception;
2. The electronics module & transmitter package (BTR), which consists of the transceiver,
memory modules, micro-processors and control electronics;
3. The orientation module (CDS) which measures the earth’s gravitational and magnetic
fields (inclination, azimuth) as well as downhole temperature.
Optional Logging While Drilling (LWD) sensors; gamma ray, orientated gamma ray and annulus
pressure sensors can be added to the basic EMpulse™ assembly.
The annulus area between the EMpulse™ tool and the inside diameter of the non-magnetic tool
carrier is equivalent to the cross sectional area of a standard drill collar bore. This allows for
passage of lost circulation material and results in no additional hydraulic system pressure losses.
As Weatherford continues to develop its EMpulse™ and LWD technologies, additional sensors
are being developed to enhance the system’s capabilities and performance.
Surface installation - no lost rig time, no adaptation o f rig equipment
The rig site installation is particularly simple and can be accomplished in a few hours. It basically
involves the running of two surface cables, which act as the receiving and surface transmissionantennae.
One of the cables is attached to the surface casing, while the second is grounded with metal
stakes or attached to a nearby existing wellhead. In offshore applications the second cable is
attached to a metal anchor and grounded on the sea bed about 100m from the structure.
The surface package consists of a transceiver / interface coupled to a PC computer, a graphic
printer and rig floor remote display. The transceiver sends orders to the downhole tool and also
receives and decodes signals transmitted by the downhole instrument package. The downhole
tools may be interrogated for information at any time by operator commands from surface.
Computed real time data is displayed on monitor screens and output to the graphics printer and
rig floor monitor. Additionally, all data is saved in memory for back-up, analysis and electronic
transfer purposes.
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EMpulseTM 16
EMpulse™ Tool
General Specifications :
Drilling Applications Overbalanced, Horizontal, Long,Medium or Short Radius DirectionalDrilling. Underbalanced Drilling. Aerated Mud, Foam/Air Drilling
Operating Temperature (Standard) 300 deg F 150 deg C
Working Pressure (collapse) 15,000 psi
Minimum Preferred Equivalent Mud Density > 0.4 sg at the EM-MWD Tool
Minimum Flow Rate Required None (zero). Pumps Off.
Maximum Flow Rate 9 1/2” 1200 gpm(Standard EM-MWD collar ID) 8”, 6 3/4” 800 gpm
6 1/4”, 4 3/4” 400 gpm3 1/2” to 3 1/16” 160 gpm
Pressure Drop Through Tool No additional friction pressure drop(circulation area equivalent to standarddrill collar inside diameter).
Lost Circulation Material, Max Size 8” & 6-3/4” Collar : 14mm dia ball4-3/4” Collar :10mm dia ball
Corrosive material Subject to analysis & pre-approval
Maximum Bit Pressure No Limitation
Surface Mud Screen or Baffles Not Required / Recommended
Pulsation Baffles Not Required
Transmission Trigger On board programming
Telemetry Trigger Operator interrogation
Fishing Neck 15/16” 24 mm(Retrievable Dependent upon Collar Size)
External Diameter 1-11/16” 43 mm
Length 291” to 330” 7.40 m to 8.00 m
Weight 100 lbs 45 kg
Power Source Lithium Battery
Vibration 200 m/s2 peak sine, 0-50 Hz
Shock 10,000 m/s2, 1 ms, ½ sine
The illustration shows a G4 EM MWD tool equipped with Gamma Ray and Pressure probe
B
AT
T
B
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R
LE
C
C
SG
x
C
D
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G
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4
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EMpulseTM 17
EMpulse™ Sensor Descript ion
EMpulse™ standard tool consists of three modules:
1. BTR Transceiver & Control Electronics Module2. CDS Directional Sensor Module
3. BAT Battery Housing
Additional Logging While Drilling (LWD) sensors can be added to this basic EM-MWD G4 tool.
Directional sensor
3 axis accelerometers
3 axis magnetometers
Temperature probe
The following data is available from the G4 EM MWD tool
Name Description Range Resolution Accuracy
INC Inclination 0-128° 0.0625° 0.1° AZ Azimuth 0-360° 0.125° 1° for INC >5°
MTF Magnetic Tool Face 0-360° 2° 2° for INC < 5
GTF Gravity Tool Face 0-360° 2° 2° for INC > 5
MODH Magnetic Field Module 0-71µT 0.035µT 0.2µT
INCH Magnetic Field Dip Angle(unsigned)
0-90° 1° 0.2°
Tin CDS Internal Temperature 0-125°C 0.5°C 1°C
CON Battery Consumption 0-65536UG 64UG
Hx Magnetic Field on X axis. -71µT-+71µT 0.018µT < 0.2<µT
Hy Magnetic Field on Y axis. -71µT-+71µT 0.018µT < 0.2<µT
Hz Magnetic Field on Z axis. -71µT-+71µT 0.018µT < 0.2<µTGx Gravity Field on X axis. -1.10G+1.10G 0.27mG 2mG
Gy Gravity Field on Y axis. -1.10G+1.10G 0.27mG 2mG
Gz Gravity Field on Z axis. -1.10G+1.10G 0.27mG 2mG
Transmission options include downhole calculation of direction and inclination data prior to
sending or transmission of all raw parameter readings. Data integrity is greatly enhanced by
transmitting raw magnetic and gravity vector measurements. This allows for detection of
magnetic anomalies both natural and introduced (such as those caused by the proximity of casing
from a nearby well) and is also an effective means to verify functional operation of the sensors.
MTF/GTF switching: Operator selectable any timeTool face update period at surface: 6 tool faces per 96 seconds
Survey time, seconds: 96 seconds from order to display on rig floorDirectional measurement point, ft: 15 ft from bottom of collar
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EMpulseTM 18
Universal Gamma Ray Module
The Universal Gamma Ray Module is programmable at the surface as a Standard Gamma
Ray or an Oriented Gamma Ray.
This sensor measures the naturally occurring gamma rays emanating from theformation. Gamma ray logs are normally plotted against true vertical depth and
measured depth and as apparent API units. They can be displayed in real-time along with
Directional control data and are saved in downhole memory and downloaded for reviewafter the fact.
General Specifications :
Gamma Ray Sensor type Crystal Csi with photomultiplier
Gamma Ray Range 0 to 5000 counts, converted to apparent API units
Gamma Ray Sensor Resolution 1 count
Temperature Sensor type Platinum wire
Temperature sensor resolution 1.0 degree C
Real-time GR update interval 32 seconds
Memory Type Non volatile
Memory sampling interval 16 seconds
Memory capacity 200,000 data sets (37 days)
Gamma Ray sensor length 0.945m 37.2”
Sensor position 0.70 m from bottom of EM-MWD probe
Bed Resolution 0.5m at 30m/hour ROP
Operating Temperature 300 deg F 150 deg C
Working Pressure (collapse) 15,000 psi
Gamma Ray sensor module is connected to the bottom of the standard EMpulse™ tool,and does not extend the length of the EMpulse™ Tool Carrier. Gamma Ray data is
corrected for the wall thickness of the tubular housing, and mud density to determine
apparent API values.
Oriented Gamma Ray (OGR) option
The OGR option incorporates a shield coupled with high side positional sensor and Dynamic
Update software. The system measures and transmits gamma counts from both the high and
low sides of the hole in real time while drillstring rotation is in progress.
The OGR option provides valuable geosteering information, resulting in higher percentage of
wellbore in pay zone in thin bedding planes and in significant rig time savings which can not
be achieved with conventional gamma ray tools
B
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C
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EMpulseTM 19
Annulus Pressure Module
Weatherford’s Strain Gauge pressure monitor is attached to the bottom of the standard
EMpulse™ tool.
A muleshoe, containing the pressure port between the AP sensor (which is located inside the
EMpulse™ Tool Carrier) and the annulus is located immediately below the standard Tool
Carrier. The length of this AP muleshoe varies from 0.65m to 1.0m. The outside diameter ofthe AP muleshoe is the same size as the Tool Carrier.
General Specifications
External diameter 1"11/16 43 mm
Length 24.1” 613 mm
Retrievable (Depending on Drill Collar size)
Fishing Neck 15/16" 24mmOperating Temperature 300 °F 150 °C
Collapse Pressure 15 000 PSI .
Memory Type Non-Volatile
Memory capacity 200k data sets. A data set is defined as a recording of time,pressure, temperature and optionally battery voltage. 200ksets equals 14 days @ 6 second intervals.
Sampling Interval Minimum 1 Second intervals. Sixteen different intervalsettings are available.
Sensor Specifications
Pressure Sensor Strain Gauge
Range 0-10,000 psi
Resolution 4 x 10-6 of FSR up to 150 °
Accuracy Standard 10-3 FSR
Temperature Sensor Platinum Wire
Resolution 1.5 °C
Appl ications
The Weatherford Annulus Pressure Sensor has two main applications:
1. Real Time MWD sensor: Minimum update interval 24 seconds. (Sensor temperature
is not available in Real Time). Additional data stored in memory at programmable
intervals (minimum 6 seconds).
2. Stand alone as memory module. Installation anywhere in the drillstring. (Multiple
gauges may be run in different locations within the drillstring.) The Pressure module
may be run together with a Gamma Ray module.
The standard configuration measures Annular Pressure. A configuration to measure internal
pipe pressure is also available upon request.
8/10/2019 Wft Em Brochure
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/wft-em-brochure 20/20
EM l TM 20
Mud Pulse MWD – PrecisionPulse
The PrecisionPulse transmits data using positive pulse telemetry. The downhole tool assembly
consists of the orientation module and Gamma Ray from the EMpulse™ tool, a driver and theAES pulser. The tool string fits into a muleshoe sub and drill collar.
The basic PrecisionPluse drill collar line consists of two non-magnetic tubular sections, inside of
which the PrecisionPulse tool is located. The MWD drill collar line is designed to house thePrecisionPulse tool safely and securely as an integral part of the bottom hole assembly.
Weatherford has the following muleshoe and drill collar diameter sizes available:
Tool Carrier Diameter Connection
9-1/2" API 7-5/8” Reg BxP
8" API 6-5/8” Reg BxP
6-3/4” API 4-1/2” IF BxP
6-1/2” API 4-1/2” XH BxP4-3/4” API 3-1/2” IF BxP
3-1/2” Flex Acme 2-7/8” stub BxP
3-3/8” Acme 2-7/8” stub BxP
3-1/16” Acme 2-11/16-4 stub BxP
The muleshoe and drill collar are manufactured to meet the API Spec 7 certification. Connections
follow normal standard oilfield practice, depending upon collar diameter however special
connections can be manufactured to meet a specific need.
Flow rate in gpm versus collar size
OD collar ID collar Max Flow
3 1/16” 2.25” 160
4 3/4” 2.81” 4006 3/4” 3.25” 700
8” 3 1/2” 1200
9 1/2” 4” 1200
Orientation module data specifications
OD collar ID collar Max Flow OD collar
3 1/16” 2.25” 160 3 1/16”
4 3/4” 2.81” 400 4 3/4”
6 3/4” 3.25” 700 6 3/4”
8” 3 1/2” 1200 8”
9 1/2” 4” 1200 9 1/2”
Dog Leg severity specifications
Rotary Sliding Connections3 1/16 & 3 ½ Flex 38° 116° 2 11/16 & 2 ⅞ SA
3 ⅜ & 4 ¾ Flex 27° 66° 2 ⅞ SA & 3 ½ IF
4 ¾ 16° 25° 3 ½ IF
6 ¾ 13° 18° 4 ½ IF
8 15° 10° 6 ⅝ REG