18 - Lingua Estrangeira - Ingles - Pg 505a532

Curso de Formação de Soldados - CFSD

Técnico em Polícia Preventiva

505

LÍNGUA ESTRANGEIRA (INGLÊS)

Pronome Pessoal. Características específicas de alguns pronomes pessoais. Possessive Adjectives. Possessive Pronouns. Pronomes Demonstrativos. Verbo To Be. Artigo definido. Artigo Indefinido. Uso do There is / There are. Alguns pronomes interrogativos. Preposições de lugar. Música. Países e Nacionalidades. Present Continuous Tense. Singular e Plural. Clothes and Colors – Roupas e Cores. Days of the week – Dias da semana. Months of the year – Meses do ano. Números Cardinais e Ordinais. Presente Simples. Skills. Time Expressions. Military Ranking (Graduações militares). Military Commands (Comandos Militares). Military Goods (Artigos Militares). Tourist Information (informações ao turista). Verbos. COLABORADORES: Onierbeth Elias de Oliveira - 2º Ten. Alecssandra Tomaz - Profa.

1. PRONOMES PESSOAIS (PERSONAL PRONOUNS)

Os Pronomes pessoais são divididos em:

Subjective Case Objective Case I - me you - you he - him she - her it - it we - us you - you they - them Pronomes pessoais retos: - Pronomes pessoais oblíquos: 1. Função: sujeito - 1. Função: objeto 2. Posição na frase: antes - 2. Posição na frase: após o

do verbo - verbo Obs.: É importante memorizar a correspondência entre os pronomes retos e oblíquos, principalmente aqueles com formas diversas entre si. EXERCISE 1 Substitua as palavras entre parênteses pelos pronomes correspondentes, de modo a completar cada frase. (The Colonel) 1.____________ is here. (You and I) 2.____________ seem to be happy. (The teachers) 3.____________ say that English is easy. (The soldier) 4.____________ goes to the barracks every morning. (Push-up) 5.____________ is a good exercise. (Grandfather) 6.____________ is still alive. EXERCISE 2 Substitua as palavras entre parênteses pelos pronomes correspondentes, de modo a completar cada frase. 1. We advise ____________ not to go out. (the students) 2. The people love ____________. (the queen) 3. The cat caught ____________ this morning. (the mouse) 4. The teacher likes ____________. (you and me)



5065. I often give ____________ information. (that girl) 6. I saw ____________ at the party. (the tourist) 1.1 Características específicas de alguns pronomes pessoais: a) I é sempre escrito com letra maiúscula, mesmo que não esteja no início da frase. b) You tem uma única forma para singular e plural, pronome reto ou oblíquo. c) He é usado para pessoa (masculina) e animal de estimação (masculino). d) She é usado para pessoa (feminina), animal de estimação (feminino) e pode até ser usado no lugar de it

para referir-se, com afetividade, a um carro, barco ou país. e) It é usado para coisa ou animal (sem idéia de afetividade). It também é necessário (embora sem tradução

própria), para não deixar o verbo sem sujeito, em expressões de: tempo (hora): It is one o’clock now. tempo (atmosférico): It is cold / It is raining. identificação de pessoa: “- Who is that?” “- It is my brother.” (É meu irmão) Ou quando a enfermeira comunica ao feliz pai: “It is a boy!” (É um menino!)

f) They é usado para mais de uma pessoa, coisa ou animal EXERCISE 3 Escolha a alternativa correta para completar cada frase: 1. ____________ train hard every day. (we) (us) (them) 2. I have a fast car. ____________ is great! (her) (it) (she) 3. There are no secrets between ____________. (we) (us) (they) 4. Look at ____________ ! (I) (me) (he) 5. Do you notice any difference between ____________? (he) (them) (they) 6. Let’s stop here and wait for ____________. (she) (he) (him) 2. PRONOMES ADJETIVOS (POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES) Em português os pronomes adjetivos possessivos são usados de acordo com aquilo que se possui: meu carro, meus carros, minha casa, minhas casas, variando segundo o número e o gênero do substantivo seguinte. Em inglês não é assim. Os Possessive Adjectives são usados de acordo com o possuidor, não importando se a palavra seguinte é masculina, feminina, singular ou plural. A posição dos Possessive Adjectives na frase: sempre antes do substantivo que indica o que é possuído. Veja o quadro dos Possessive Adjectives e sua relação com os Pronomes Pessoais que determinam o seu respectivo uso:

Personal Pronouns Possessive Adjectives I my

You your He his She her

It Its We Our You Your They their

Obs.: Alguns Possessive Adjectives têm características específicas: 1) Your: seu (s), sua (s) – de você (s). Forma única para dizer que:

You – você tem algo You – vocês têm

2) Nenhum dos Possessive Adjectives é usado com artigo definido. Assim, o meu lápis, a tua caneta etc.: my pencil, your pen etc.

3) Os Possessive Adjectives são usados (em lugar do artigo definido) com partes do corpo ou roupas. Ex.: I brush my teeth twice a day.

EXERCISE 1 Complete as frases conforme o modelo:



507 I have a dream. It’s my dream. 1. My wife has a job. It’s __________ job. 2. We have a secret. It’s __________ secret. 3. He has a gun. It’s __________ gun. 4. You have a rifle. It’s __________ rifle. 5. The dog has a bone. It’s __________ bone. EXERCISE 2 Complete as frases com os Possessive Adjectives adequados. 1. Mary and I do __________ homework together. 2. The driver washes __________ car every Sunday morning. 3. Did you forget to bring __________ money? 4. You and I love __________ country. 5. Birds build __________ nests in trees. 3. PRONOMES POSSESSIVOS (POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS)

Sempre que o substantivo for óbvio ou já tiver sido mencionado, em lugar do Possessive Adjective + substantivo, usamos o Possessive Pronouns que lhe corresponder. Este nunca é seguido de substantivo. Ex.: It’s my problem – The problem is mine.

Veja o quadro completo dos Possessives e sua relação com os Personal Pronoums:

Personal Pronoums Possessive Adjectives Possessive Pronoums I my Mine

You your Yours He his His She her Hers

It Its Its We Ours Ours You Your Yours They their theirs

EXERCISE 1 Complete as frases com a forma possessiva adequada. 1. That pistol belongs to me. It’s __________ pistol. It’s __________. 2. That skirt belongs to my sister. It’s __________ skirt. It’s __________. 3. That land belongs to us. It’s __________ land. It’s __________. 4. These magazines belong to you. They’re __________ magazines. They’re __________. 5. That boat belongs to those men. It’s __________ boat. It’s __________. EXERCISE 2 Substitua as expressões possessivas entre parênteses pelos respectivos pronomes substantivos possessivos. Siga o modelo. That room is ours. (our room) 1. But the boots are __________ (his boots) 2. Those shirts are __________ (my shirts) 3. That dress is __________ (her dress) 4. Those uniforms are __________ (their uniform) 5. This exercise is __________ (your exercise) 4. PRONOMES DEMONSTRATIVOS (DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS) Utiliza-se this/ that/ these/ those com um substantivo, sendo this utilizado para substantivos no singular e “próximo do ser falante”. That é usado para substantivos no singular e “distante de quem fala”. These é usado com substantivos no plural e “próximo do ser falante” e Those é usado para substantivos no plural e “distante do ser falante”. Exemplos: These flowers are for you. Who are those people? This hotel is expensive. Who’s that girl?



508 EXERCISE 1 Complete com this ou these: 1. __________ is a holster. 2. __________ are boots. 3. __________ is my family. 4. __________ people are nice. EXERCISE 2

Agora complete com that ou those: 1. __________ are my guns. 2. __________ is a beautiful hotel. 3. __________ is a good restaurant. 4. __________ are american tourists. CONVERSATION 1 Jennifer: Hello. My name is Jennifer Brown. Michael: Hi. I’m Michael Lynch. Jennifer: Nice to meet you, Michael. Michael: Nice to meet you, too, Jennifer. I’m sorry, what’s your last name? Is it Brown? Jennifer: No, Brown. B-R-O-W-N. And how do you spell Lynch? Michael: L-Y-N-C-H QUESTIONS: 1. What’s the girl’s name? _____________________________________________________ 2. What’s the boy’s name? _____________________________________________________ CONVERSATION 2 John: Excuse, are you a policeman? Victor: Yes, I am. Can I help you? John: Sure. Where is the shopping mall? Victor: It’s near here. Go ahead for two blocks, and turn left. It’s at the corner. John: Thank you very much. Victor: You’re welcome. QUESTIONS 1. Can the policeman help the tourist? ______________________________________________________ 2. Is the shopping mall near here? ______________________________________________________ 5. VERBO TO BE O verbo To Be significa ser ou estar. Forma Afirmativa: I am a good student. You are a police officer. He is my brother. She is a doctor It is cold here. We are at home today. You are interested in politics. They are very rich.



509Forma Negativa: I’m not a good friend. You aren’t my sister. He isn’t my father. She isn’t tired. It isn’t her house. We aren’t at school. You aren’t my parents. They aren’t our notebooks. Forma Interrogativa: Respostas Curtas: Am I a good student? Yes, you are/ No, you aren’t. Are you a dentist? Yes, I am/ No, I’m not. Is he very poor? Yes, he is/ No, he isn’t. Is she your mother? Yes, she is/ No, she isn’t. Is it your car? Yes, it is/ No, it isn’t. Are we at the Academy? Yes, you are/ No, you aren’t. Are you hungry? Yes, we are/ No, we aren’t. Are they your shoes? Yes, they are/ No, they aren’t. EXERCISE 1 Complete com am, are, ou is: 1. You ______ a student. 2. I ______ a teacher. 3. My brother ______ na engineer. 4. Mary ______ my wife. 5. Ann and Ted ______ my children. 6. We ______ here. 7. The cat ______ on the sofa. EXERCISE 2 Passe as seguintes sentenças para a forma negativa e interrogativa. 1. My shoes are very dirty. Neg.: Int.: 2. This restaurant is very expensive. Neg.: Int.: 3. Those people are English. Neg.: Int.: 4. My name is Katherine. Neg.: Int.: 5. Paris is the capital of France. Neg.: Int.: 6. I am interested in soccer. Neg.: Int.: EXERCISE 3 Complete a Conversação: Lisa: Are you james Carlson? James: Yes, I ______. Lisa: ______ Lisa Johnson. James: Nice to meet ______. I think ______ in my History class. Lisa: Yes, I ______. And I think this ______ your book.



510James: Yes, ______ my History book. My name ______ here. Thank ______. 6. ARTIGO DEFINIDO (T H E) Usa-se o artigo definido nos seguintes casos: 1. Antes de substantivos tomados em sentido específico, particular. Ex.: The gold of my watch is cheap. 2. Antes de nomes de acidentes geográficos, navios, trens, aviões. Ex.: The Atlantic Ocean The Amazon river 3. Antes de superlativos e adjetivos usados como substantivos e numerais ordinais. Ex.: John is the tallest boy here. The poor and the rich will die. Her birthday is on the 11th. 4. Antes de nomes de instrumentos musicais, profissões (se o nome da pessoa não for mencionado) e em orações apositivas. Ex.: Mary plays the piano everyday. Is the doctor on duty? Mr. Fawcett, the teacher, is here. Não se usa o artigo definido: 1. Antes de substantivos tomados em sentido genérico.

Ex.: Water is good for our health. Gold is a precious metal. 2. Antes de nomes próprios no singular.

Ex.: John has just arrived. 3. Antes de nomes de países no singular.

Ex.: Brazil Mas: The United States Exceções (algumas): The Congo

The United Kingdom EXERCISE 1 Coloque o artigo THE, se necessário: 1. ______ silver of her watch. 6. ______ United Nations. 2. ______ Doctor John. 7. ______ bad and ______ good. 3. ______ Red Sea. 8. ______ books of Math are here. 4. ______ Atlantic Ocean. 9. ______ Boeing 747. 5. ______ Phillipines. 10. Bob plays ______ guittar. 7. ARTIGO INDEFINIDO (A / A N) Usa-se: 1. A: Antes das palavras iniciadas por consoante ou som consonantal. 2. AN: Antes das palavras iniciadas por vogais e h mudo S Ex.: a boy / a University / a European an apple / an hour / an honest man 3. Com certas expressões numéricas, de peso, medida, tempo.

Ex.: a dozen a thousand a week

Não se usa: 1. Antes de substantivos no plural.

Ex.: Dogs are animals. 2. Antes de substantivos incontáveis no singular.

Ex.: Give me water. Geralmente, os substantivos incontáveis no singular são usados com SOME. EXERCISE 1 Preencha os espaços com A ou AN.



5111. This is _____ book. 6. _____ post office. 2. This is _____ English book. 7. _____ supermarket. 3. _____ orange. 8. _____ university. 4. _____ young man. 9. _____ honor. 5. _____ airport. 10. _____ apple. 8. USO DO THERE IS / THERE ARE (THERE TO BE = HAVER / EXISTIR) Forma Afirmativa: Ex.: There is one student in the classroom. There are students in the classroom. Forma Negativa: Ex.: There isn’t a book on the table. There aren’t many girls at school. Forma Interrogativa: Ex.: Is there a television in your house? Are there restrooms near here? EXERCISE 1 Complete com There is ou There are. 1. _______ a big tree in the garden. 2. _______ a good film on TV this evening. 3. _______ some apples in the refrigerator. 4. _______ many players in the soccer game. 5. _______ three books on the table. 6. _______ a train at 5 o’clock. 7. _______ an expensive book at the bookstore. 8. _______ seven days in a week. 9. _______ a photograph of João Pessoa in the magazine. 10. _______ lions in Africa. 9. ALGUNS PRONOMES INTERROGATIVOS UTILIZADOS NA LÍNGUA INGLESA: 1. Who = quem. Ex.: Who are you? 2. Whom = quem. Ex.: Whom did you see? 3. Whose = de quem. Ex.: Whose books are those? 4. Which = qual/ quais. Ex.: Which fruit do you prefer? 5. What = que. Ex.: What is your problem? 6. When = quando. Ex.: When will you come here? 7. Why = por que. Ex.: Why are you here? 8. Where = onde. Ex.: Where are you? 9. How = como. Ex.: How are you? 10. How much = quanto. Ex.: How much is this house? 11. How many = quantos. Ex.: How many pencils do you have? EXERCISE 1 Iinicie as perguntas com os pronomes interrogativos e as responda. 1. _______ is your name?_________________________________________ 2. _______ are the girls? __________________________________________ 3. _______ is your birthday? ________________________________________ 4. _______ are you happy? _________________________________________ 5. _______ is Renato Aragão? _______________________________________ 6. _______ money do you have? ___________________________________ 7. _______ questions are there in this exercise?________________________ 8. _______ car do you prefer? ______________________________________



512CONVERSATION Mr. Brown: Thanks for watching the baby tonight. Everything is ready. Katherine: Thank you, Mr. Brown. By the way, where is the television? Mr. Brown: It’s in the cabinet. Katherine: And where is the remote control? Mr. Brown: I don’t know. Oh, it’s on the sofa, under the cushion. Katherine: Great. Oh, just one more question. Where is the baby? Mr. Brown: She’s in bed! Her bedroom is right here. 10. ALGUMAS PREPOSIÇÕES DE LUGAR 1. In = dentro. Ex.: The keys are in my bag. 2. On = sobre. Ex.: The umbrella is on the sofa. 3. Under = embaixo. Ex.: The wastebasket is under the table. 4. Next to = próximo a . Ex.: My friend is next to me. 5. Behind = atrás. Ex.: The boy is behind the door. 6. In front of = em frente de. Ex.: There is a tree in front of my house. EXERCISE 1 Preencha os espaços com as devidas preposições de lugar. 1. The remote control is _______ the television. 2. My friend is _______ me. 3. His house is _______ a supermarket. 4. There is a gas station _______ my house. 5. The box is _______ the sink. 6. The apples are _______ the pack. CONVERSATION Linda: Guess what! I have a new apartment. I’m moving in this weekend. Chris: Really? Do you need help? Linda: Well, yes, I do. Thank you! Chris: No problem. Chris: So what is the apartment like? How many rooms does it have? Linda: Well, it has a bedroom, a kitchen, and a living room. And a big closet. Chris: That’s great. Where is it? Linda: It’s on Lakeview Drive. Chris: Oh. Does it have a view? Linda: Yes, it does. It has a great view of my neighbor’s apartment! 11. MÚSICA

Do You Remember? Phil Collins

We never talked ‘bout it

But I hear the blame was mine I’d called you up to say I’m sorry

But I wouldn’t wanna waste your time ‘cause I love you

But I can’t take anymore There’s a look

I can’t describe in your eyes If we could try like we tried before

But you keep on telling me those lies (telling me lies, do you remember?) There seemed no way to make up

‘cause it seemed your mind was set



513And the way you looked it told me It’s a look I know I’ll never forget

You could’ve come over to my side You could’ve let me know You could’ve tried to see The distance between us

But it seemed too far for you go to (so far to go, do you remember?)

Ooh, do you remember? (Do you remember) Through all of my life, in spite of the pain

You know that people are funny sometimes And they just can’t wait

But to get hurt again Tel me, do you remember?

(Do you remember?) There are things we won’t recall

And feelings we’ll never find It’s taken so long to see it

‘cause we never seemed to have the time There was always something

More important to do, more important to say But “I love you” wasn’t one of those things

And now it’s too late (now it’s too late, now it’s too late, now it’s over)

Do you remember? Ooh, it’s over... 12. PAÍSES E NACIONALIDADES America – American Spain - Spanish Mexico – Mexican Sweden - Swedish Korea – Korean Ireland - Irish Canada – Canadian China - Chinese Brazil – Brazilian Portugal - Portuguese England – English Japan - Japanese Italy – Italian Peru – Peruvian * Country Nationality They’re from India They’re Indian She’s from Korea She’s Korean Where are you from? I’m from Brazil. EXERCISE 1 Complete os diálogos com as nacionalidades e países corretos. 1. A: I’m from __________ B: Oh, so you are Chinese. 2. A: Is Mr Lee from Korea B: No, he’s __________. He’s from Japan. 3. A: Are you Spanish? B: No, I’m not from __________. I’m Mexican. 13. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE Formação geral: Presente de to be + gerúndio (forma terminada em ing) de qualquer verbo. (am / are / is)



514Exemplo com o verbo to play em todas as pessoas: Singular

I - am - You - are - He - is - playing She - is - It - is -

Plural We - are - playing You - - They - - Uso: para indicar que a cada ação está acontecendo, e pode ser usado com as seguintes expressões de tempo: Now at present this Monday At this moment this year this week, etc. Alterações ortográficas acontecem com alguns verbos, dependendo de sua terminação: to move moving to have having Verbos terminados em e: omite-se essa letra antes do acréscimo de ing. To sit sitting To stop stopping Verbos monossilábicos terminados em consoante / vogal / consoante: dobra-se a consoante final antes do acréscimo de ing. Obs.: Verbos dissilábicos terminados em c/v/c: também dobram a consoante final, desde que a última sílaba seja a sílaba tônica. Ex.: omit – Omitting occur – Occurring Forma Afirmativa I am wearing a coat. You are walking in the snow. He is running in the park. She is driving her car. It is raining a lot. We are swimming everyday. You are playing soccer. They are taking a walk Forma Negativa I’m not wearing boots. You aren’t having breakfast. He isn’t playing tennis. She isn’t eating rice and beans. It isn’t snowing. We aren’t talking to our friends. You aren’t atudying for your test. They aren’t singing in the show. Forma Interrogativa Respostas Curtas Am I drinking now? Yes, you are / No, you aren’t. Are you playing the violin today? Yes, I am / No, I’m not. Is he sleeping in his bedroom? Yes, he is / No, he isn’t. Is she moving to a new house? Yes, she is / No, she isn’t. Is it raining outside? Yes, it is / No, it isn’t. Are we speaking portuguese? Yes, you are / No, you aren’t. Are you doing your exercise? Yes, we are / No, we aren’t.



515Are they teaching French? Yes, they are / No, they aren’t. EXERCISE 1 Complete com Present Continuous Tense dos verbos entre parênteses. 1. My aunt _______ in New York at present. (to live) 2. The children _______ in the river now. (to swim) 3. Those teenagers _______ a party now. (to have) 4. The students _______ their books. (to open) 5. His brother _______ the piano. (to play) EXERCISE 2 Organize as sentenças. 1. a / reading / is / Mr. Scott / book _______________________________________ 2. working / my / very / father / is / much _______________________________________ 3. is / she / in / sitting / armchair / na _______________________________________ 4. mother / is / watching / my / television _______________________________________ 5. homework / am / my / I / doin _______________________________________ 6. I / to / supermarket / am / the / going _______________________________________ EXERCISE 3 Passe as seguintes sentenças para a forma negativa e interrogativa. 1. I am cooking a meal. Neg.: Int.: 2. She is learning English. Neg.: Int.: 3. Peter is listening to the radio. Neg.: Int.: 4. The telephone is ringing. Neg.: Int.: 5. We’re having dinner. Neg.: Int.: 6. Susan and Bob are writing letters. Neg.: Int.: CONVERSATION Mr. Ford: Hey! Are you getting dressed? Mrs. Ford: Yes, I am. Mr. Ford: Why? What time is it? Mrs. Ford: It’s a quarter to eight. I’m going to work. Mr. Ford: But it’s Saturday. Mrs. Ford: I’m working on Saturdays mornings this month. Are you getting up?



516Mr. Ford: No, I’m not. I’m staying in bed. Mrs. Ford: OK. See you at noon. Mr. Ford: If I’m awake. 14. SINGULAR E PLURAL As formas simples do plural Singular Plural Tradução Regras Book Girl Cigarette

Books Girls Cigarettes

Livro Menina Cigarro

em geral, o plural em inglês forma-se com a adição de S às formas de singular.

Watch Brush Kiss Fox Topaz

Watches Brushes Kisses Foxes Topazes

Relógio Escova Beijo Raposa Topázio

Substantivos terminados em CH, SH, S, X e Z + ES com som de (TCH)

Conch Monarch Stomach

Conchs Monarchs Stomachs

Concha Monarca Estômago

Substantivos terminados em CH com som (K): + S.

Ox Oxen Boi ox – exceção do X Boy Toy Play

Boys Toys Plays

Menino Brinquedo Peça

Substantivos terminados em Y precedido de vogal: + S.

Baby Fly Story

Babies Flies Stories

Bebê Mosca Estória

Substantivos terminados em Y precedido de consoante perdem o Y e acrescentam IES, à exceção dos nomes de pessoas – Mary – Marys.

Cuckoo Bamboo Radio

Cuckoos Bamboos Radios

Cuco Bambu Rádio

Substantivos terminados em O precedido de vogal: + S.

Negro Hero Potato

Negroes Heroes Potatoes

Negro Herói Batata

Substantivos terminados em O precedido de consoante: + S.

Piano Photo Dynamo Kilo

Pianos Photos Dynamos Kilos

Piano Foto Dínamo Quilo

Exceções (palavras estrangeiras)

Os plurais irregulares Singular Plural Tradução Regras Man Woman Foot Tooth Goose Mouse Louse Child

Men Women Feet Teeth Geese Mice Lice Children

Homem Mulher Pé Dente Ganso Camundongo Piolho Criança

as formas irregulares apresentam diversas formações para o plural (a mais comum é a troca de vogais).



517 Os plurais das formas em F, FF e FE Singular Plural Tradução Regras Belief Cliff Chief Handkerchief Roof Gulf

Beliefs Cliffs Chiefs Handkerchiefs Roofs Gulfs

Crença Penhasco Chefe Lenço Telhado Golfo

a regra geral é se acrescentar S à forma singular.

Calf Elf Half Leaf Life Knife Loaf Self Sheaf Shelf Thief Wife Wolf

Calves Elves Halves Leaves Lives Knives Loaves Selves Sheaves Shelves Thieves Wives Wolves

Bezerro Duende Metade Folha Vida Faca Pão Ego Feixe Prateleira Ladrão Esposa Lobo

treze substantivos trocam o F ou FE por VES para a formação do plural.

Scarf Dwarf Hoof Wharf Staff

Scarfs / scarves Dwarfs / dwarves Hoofs / hooves Wharfs / wharves Staffs / staves

Cachecol Anão Casco Cais Estaca; departamento

alguns substantivos terminados em F ou FE podem seguir a regra geral (+S) ou trocar o F/FE por VES.

O plural dos substantivos compostos Singular Plural Tradução Regras Armchair Bookcase Housewife Boy friend

Armchairs Bookcases Housewives Boy friends

Poltrona Prateleira Dona-de-casa Namorado

Composição por dois substantivos: só o último recebe plural.

Manservant Horseman Washerwoman German

Manservants Horsemen Washerwomen Germans

Servente Cavaleiro Faxineira Alemão

Compostos de man/ woman, plural como man/woman. Exceção (não é derivado de man).

Sister-in-law Father-in-law Son-in-law

Sisters-in-law Fathers-in-law Sons-in-law

Cunhada Sogro Genro

Compostos com –in-law: só o elemento inicial recebe plural.

Handful Cupful Spoonful

Handfuls Cupfuls Spoonfuls

Punhado Xicarada Colherada

Compostos com ful + S.

Lord-Justice Knight-Templar

Lord-Justices Knight-Templars

Juiz Templário

Títulos: só o último recebe plural.

Court-martial Court-martials Courts-martials

Corte marcial Duas formas possíveis.

EXERCISE 1 Dê o plural dos seguintes substantivos. 1. Car:__________ 10. Witch:__________ 2. Boy:__________ 11. Match:__________ 3. Uncle:__________ 12. Watch:__________ 4. Sister:__________ 13. Dish:__________ 5. Nephew:__________ 14. Loaf:__________ 6. Piece:__________ 15. Life:__________ 7. Pencil:__________ 16. Baby:__________



5188. Table:__________ 17. Dress:__________ 9. Home:__________ 18. Box:__________ EXERCISE 2 Passe as sentenças para o plural. 1. There is an orange here. ________________________________________ 2. There is a boy in the classroom. ________________________________________ 3. She is a girl from Texas. ________________________________________ 4. This is a good story. ________________________________________ 5. That is a big car. ________________________________________ 6. You like to study English. ________________________________________ CONVERSATION Kumiko: What’s this called in English, Sarah? Sarah: It’s na eyeglass case. Kumiko: And what are these called? Eyeglasses? Sarah: Eyeglasses, or just “glasses”. And these are sunglasses. Kumiko: Well, your sunglasses are very... nice. Sarah: Thank you. They’re new. 15. CLOTHES AND COLORS – ROUPAS E CORES

Some Clothes = Algumas roupas Suit Running shoes Blouse Hat Skirt Boots Dress Shoes Slacks Jeans Shirt Bathing suit T-shirt Pajamas Tie Pants Coat Socks Shorts Underwear Some Colors = Algumas cores Red Brown Black Orange Yellow Beige White Green Blue Pink Gray Light green Purple Dark green ● Khaki EXERCISE 1 Responda as seguintes questões. 1. What color is your T-shirt? ________________________________________ 2. What color are your boots? ________________________________________



5193. What color is your house? ________________________________________ 4. What are you wearing? ________________________________________ 5. What is your teacher wearing? ________________________________________ 6. It’s very hot today. What are you going to wear? ________________________________________ 7. It’s very cold today. What are you going to wear? ________________________________________ CONVERSATION Deborah: Hello? John: Hi, Deborah! This is John. I’m calling from Australia. Deborah: What are you doing in Australia? John: I’m attending a conference in Sidney this week. Remember? Deborah: Oh, right. What time is it there? John: It’s 10:00 P.M. And it’s four o’clock in Los Angeles, right? Deborah: Yes – four o’clock in the morning. John: 4:00 A.M.? I’m really sorry. Deborah: That’s OK. I’m awake now. EXERCISE 2 Responda as questões: 1. What’s your name? ________________________________________ 2. How are you? ________________________________________ 3. Where are you from? ________________________________________ 4. What’s your teacher wearing? ________________________________________ 5. What color are your slacks? ________________________________________ 16. DAYS OF THE WEEK (DIAS DA SEMANA) AND MONTHS OF THE YEAR Sunday Thursday Monday Friday Tuesday Saturday Wednesday What day is today? ________________________________________ What is the first day of the week? ________________________________________ Months of the year = Meses do ano January July February August March September April October May November June December



520 What’s the first month of the year? ________________________________________ What’s the last month of the year? ________________________________________ What’s the month that we have “São João”? ________________________________________ 17. NÚMEROS CARDINAIS E ORDINAIS (CARDINAL AND ORDINAL NUMBERS) Os números cardinais, na língua inglesa, estão dispostos da seguinte forma: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 zero one two three four five six seven eight nine ten (oh) 11 – eleven 21 – twenty-one 40 - forty 12 – twelve 22 – twenty-two 50 - fifty 13 – thirteen 23 – twenty-three 60 - sixty 14 – fourteen 24 – twenty-four 70 - seventy 15 – fifteen 25 – twenty-five 80 - eighty 16 – sixteen 26 – twenty-six 90 - ninety 17 – seventeen 27 – twenty-seven 100 – one hundred 18 – eighteen 28 – twenty-eight 101 – one hundred and one 19 – nineteen 29 – twenty-nine 102 – one hundred and two 20 – twenty 30 – thirty Os números ordinais estão dispostos da seguinte forma: 1 st first 11th eleventh 21st twenty-first 31st thirty-first 2nd second 12th twelfth 22nd twenty-second ... 3rd third 13th thirteenth 23rd twenty-third 40th fortieth 4th fourth 14th fourteenth 24th twenty-fourth 50th fiftieth 5th fifth 15th fifteenth 25th twenty-fifth 60th sixtieth 6th sixth 16th sixteenth 26th twenty-sixth 70th seventieth 7th seventh 17th seventeenth 27th twenty-seventh 80th eightieth 8th eighth 18th eighteenth 28th twenty-eighth 90th ninetieth 9th ninth 19th nineteenth 29th twenty-ninth 100th hundredth 10th tenth 20th twentieth 30th thirtieth EXERCISE 1 Escreva os números: a) 1 __________ h) 58 __________ b) 3 __________ i) 63 __________ c) 8 __________ j) 81 __________ d) 12 __________ k) 99 __________ e) 15 __________ l) 101 __________ f) 20 __________ m) 222 __________ g) 36 __________ n) 957 __________ EXERCISE 2 Escreva os meses e os números ordinais como no modelo: a) 3/12 – March twelfth g) 7/20 - b) 9/11 – h) 8/23 - c) 1/16 – i) 4/28 - d) 2/9 – j) 6/1 - e) 10/12 – k) 9/22 - f) 5/10 – l) 12/25 – 18. PRESENTE SIMPLES (SIMPLE PRESENT)



521Formação Geral

1. Forma básica (infinitivo sem to) de qualquer verbo: Ex.: To stay – I / you / we / you / they stay

2. Com acréscimo de um só s, só na terceira pessoa do singular: Ex.: To stay – he / she / it stays

3. Alterações ortográficas na 3ª pessoa do singular dos verbos terminados em I / you / we / you / they He / she / it O Do, go Does, goes Ss Dress, cross Dresses, crosses Sh Finish, wash Finishes, washes Ch Watch, teach Watches, teaches X Fix, relax Fixes, relaxes E dos verbos terminados em Y precedido de Vogal Stay, play Stays, plays Consoante Study, try Studies, tries Uso do Presente simples: Expressão de verdade universal, fato da natureza, afirmação geral de validade permanente.

Ex.: Dogs bark. (Os cães – em geral – latem). É da natureza deles latir. Expressão de hábito, ação que acontece habitualmente, no presente.

Ex.: Those dogs bark every evening. (Aqueles cachorros latem todas as noites). Nesse caso o Simple Present é geralmente acompanhado de expressões como: Every day / morning / evening etc., Once / twice a week / month / year etc. Ou advérbios como: Always, never, often (= frequently), seldom (= rarely), sometimes etc.

Compare esse uso com o do Present Continuous Tense (ação ocorrendo no momento). Ex.: They are barking now. Forma Afirmativa I You

Like

He She It

Likes

music

We You They

like

Forma Negativa I You

Do not (don’t)

He She It

Does not (doesn’t)

like

This Music

We You They

Do not (don’t)

Como se vê pelo quadro anterior, para fazer negações no Simple Present Tense é necessário o uso do verbo auxiliar do, sem tradução neste caso. Do é colocado antes de not e da forma básica do verbo principal, em todas as pessoas, à exceção da 3ª pessoa do singular. Neste caso o auxiliar será does, igualmente seguido de not e da forma básica (sem s!) do verbo principal. As contrações de do + not (don’t) e does + not (doesn’t) são muito comuns na linguagem informal.



522 Forma Interrogativa Respostas curtas Do I like this music? Yes, you do / No, you don’t Do you study English Yes, I do / No, I don’t Does he work here? Yes, he does / No, he doesn’t Does she live in João Pessoa Yes, she does / No, she doesn’t Does it have a good place? Yes, it does / No, it doesn’t Do we go to school everyday? Yes, you do / No, you don’t Do you wake up early? Yes, we do / No, we don’t Do they speak French? Yes, they do / No, they don’t Da mesma forma que para as negações é necessário preceder o verbo de um auxiliar (do ou does), também para fazer perguntas no Simple Present Tense é indispensável iniciar a pergunta com do (em todas as pessoas, menos a 3ª pessoa do singular) ou does (na 3ª pessoa do singular). Do ou does não têm tradução própria, por não terem correspondente em português, mas seu uso no início da pergunta, antes do sujeito, é obrigatório para a formação correta da pergunta. Observe que o verbo principal fica sempre na sua forma básica, sem s, portanto. EXERCISE 1 Reescreva as sentenças, usando o Presente Simples como no exemplo: My neighbor is washing his car now. (once a week) My neighbor washes his car once a week 1. I am waiting for the bus here now. (every day) _________________________________________________ 2. Those boys are fighting now. (all the time) _________________________________________________ 3. You are complaining about the weather now. (all the time) _________________________________________________ 4. The manager is going to the bank now. (every morning) _________________________________________________ 5. The secretary is writing letters now. (every day) _________________________________________________ EXERCISE 2 Complete as frases com have ou has. 1. My sister _______ a pretty face. She _______ bleu eyes. 2. Pop stars _______ hundreds of fans. 3. Bahia _______ more than a hundred churches. 4. We _______ a large mirror in that room. 5. An insect _______ six legs. All insects _______ six legs. EXERCISE 3 Passe as frases para a forma negativa e interrogativa. 1. Mexicans speak Spanish. Neg.: Int.: 2. They have a young boy. Neg.: Int.: 3. You live in Brazil. Neg.: Int.: 4. The world needs peace and love. Neg.: Int.: 5. She feels sad when she is lonely. Neg.: Int.:



5236. He wakes up late on Sundays. Neg.: Int.:

TEXT

WHAT IS HAPPENING NOW? It’s eleven o’clock in the morning, and Rick Starr is still in bed. He is sleeping in a large room of famous hotel. His secretary is writing letters. His manager is talking on the telephone, making the final arrangements for Ricks’s show. Outside the hotel several policemen are trying to control a crowd. More than a hundred teenagers are screaming and fighting the policemen. A young girl is saying, “I love you, Rick!” Another day is just beginning. EXERCISE 1 Responda as questões e complete as sentenças. 1. Where is Rick Starr sleeping? _______________________________________ 2. What is his secretary doing? _______________________________________ 3. Where are the policemen? _______________________________________ 4. What are the policemen doing? _______________________________________ 5. What are the teenagers doing? _______________________________________ 6. Is another day coming to an end? _______________________________________ EXERCISE 2 It’s eleven o’clock in the morning. What is happening now? Combine as colunas e diga o que está acontecendo. 1. Rick Starr ( ) a) is talking on the phone. 2. The secretary ( ) b) are fighting the policemen 3. The manager ( ) c) is writing letters. 4. Several policemen ( ) d) are trying to control a crowd. 5. Rick’s fans ( ) e) is sleeping. 19. 4 SKILLS

1. Obtendo uma visão geral (Skimming) Lançamos mão desta técnica para termos uma idéia geral do texto. Com esta habilidade, nos

deteremos naqueles pontos principais que nos levarão à uma visão panorâmica do texto, desprezando, portanto, o que não é essencial ou relevante. Esta pode ser uma tarefa difícil, a princípio, porque, muitas vezes, você quer compreender cada palavra ou frase que aparece no texto, mesmo que elas não sejam necessárias para atingir o propósito da leitura. Skimming pressupõe entender o texto como um todo, saber como ele é organizado, ter uma idéia do tom ou da intenção do escritor. Quando se faz skimming de um texto, a leitura é rápida e pode parecer um tanto superficial, mas devemos ser cuidadosos.

Os procedimentos a seguir são de grande ajuda para se fazer skimming da maior parte dos textos: a) considerar palavras cognatas, i.e. palavras de origem latina ou grega que se assemelham a palavras do

português pela sua grafia e significado; b) considerar palavras repetidas (como verbos, substantivos, adjetivos) cujos significados estejam

relacionados com o tema central do texto; c) considerar títulos, as figuras, fotos ou diagramas que acompanham o texto; d) considerar o formato do texto, os parágrafos e sua disposição no papel;



524e) responder as perguntas: quem escreveu o texto? com que objetivo ele foi escrito? onde o texto apareceu? Etc. f) lançar hipóteses sobre o conteúdo do texto e sua função a partir de uma leitura superficial; g) confirmar, rever e lançar novas hipóteses de acordo com dados presentes no texto que foram detectados

na leitura superficial; h) fazer uma segunda leitura para ampliar o conhecimento global do texto e confirmar inferências. É importante ter em mente que o significado não é inerente ao texto, mas que cada leitor traz seu próprio significado para o que ele lê baseado no que ele espera do texto e no conhecimento anterior que ele (o leitor) tem. É o que chamamos de intertextualidade, ou seja, a relação do texto com outros “textos”. Agora, para exercitarmos skimming, vamos ler para confirmar expectativas, que é uma técnica altamente motivante e cujo emprego traz resultados positivos. Neste momento ativamos nosso conhecimento de mundo ou conhecimento enciclopédico e, à medida que lemos as várias partes do texto, construímos sua coerência. Antes de lermos um texto, geralmente inferimos o seu conteúdo através de um ponto estratégico: seu título, por exemplo. O processo de entendimento do texto é o processo de confirmar como o conteúdo do texto coincide com nossas expectativas. Obviamente, o que prevemos a respeito do assunto de um determinado texto pode mudar ou não, à medida que lemos.

2. Deduzindo o significado pelo contexto (Prediction). Além de podermos inferir ou predizer o conteúdo geral de um texto através de seu

título, de figuras, fotos ou diagramas que o acompanhem, da estrutura do texto como um todo, etc., podemos também inferir o significado daquelas palavras não cognatas, falso cognatos e não transparentes pelo 1) nosso próprio conhecimento sobre o assunto do texto (background knowledge), 2) pelo contexto semântico e/ou pelo contexto lingüístico (morfologia) destas palavras. Chamamos esta estratégia de Prediction justamente porque ‘inferimos’ ou ‘supomos’ o significado das palavras confirmando-as (ou rejeitando-as) conforme o texto.

3. Extraindo informações específicas (Scanning). É freqüente lermos algumas coisa quando estamos à procura de uma ou duas

informações. Numa locadora de vídeo, por exemplo, passamos a vista rapidamente na sinopse para sabermos quem é o diretor e/ou o ator principal do filme e desprezamos o resto do texto quando aquelas informações são suficientes para decidirmos se locamos ou não a fita. Na maioria das vezes, não passamos os olhos em cada linha do texto, mas saltamos até mesmo alguns parágrafos a fim de localizarmos um dado específico que desejamos.

4. Extraindo informações detalhadas (Selectivity) Muitas vezes precisamos de informações mais detalhadas sobre um assunto que está sendo

desenvolvido num texto. Por exemplo, se temos em mãos o texto “Espécies em Extinção” e queremos informação sobre quais as causas mais comuns da extinção de animais, precisamos saber em que parágrafo do texto podemos encontrar esta informação. Para isso devemos aplicar a estratégia de leitura que chamamos Selectivity que consiste na ‘seleção’ e leitura/compreensão do(s) parágrafo(s) onde se encontra a informação desejada.

Para que você selecione o parágrafo correto onde o assunto desejado está sendo explorado é preciso saber que a idéia principal de um parágrafo é expressa no Tópico Frasal, i.e., na frase que contém a idéia central desenvolvida no parágrafo. Geralmente, esta frase se encontra no começo de cada parágrafo e todas as outras frases desenvolvem informações adicionais relativas ao tópico frasal.

TEXT

HE DOES THIS EVERY DAY Ricky Starr is world-famous. His records sell millions of copies. He is twenty years old and he is a star.



525 He wakes up in a hotel and eats his breakfast in bed, at midday. He finishes his breakfast, chooses some red clothes and combs his green hair. A car arrives at the back of the hotel. The driver opens the door. Ricky, his manager, his agent, his make-up man, and several girlfriends get in (it’s a large car). The car takes them to a stadium. Ricky waits in the dressing room. He looks in the mirror and climbs the stairs to the stage. He stands on the stage. He sings. There are hundreds of screams in the air. He sings again. And again, and again. There are tears in the eyes of Ricky’s fans. There is sweat on Ricky’s face. There is a lot of money in his manager’s pockets. Ricky leaves the stage. He does this every day. He’s Ricky Starr – a hero on the stage, just a lonely boy when he goes home alone. EXERCISE 1 True or False? Diga se cada frase é True (verdadeira) ou False (falsa). Neste último caso corrija o verbo da frase. Siga o modelo: Ricky’s records sell a large number of copies. T Ricky wakes up in a stadium. F - doesn’t wake up 1. Rick eats his breakfast at table. 2. The pop star chooses some green clothes. 3. Ricky’s hair is a strange color. 4. A car arrives in front of the hotel. 5. Ricky’s girlfriends don’t go with him. 6. Ricky doesn’t look in the mirror. 7. Ricky sings more than a song. 8. Ricky’s show is a big success. 9. Ricky’s fans don’t cry. 10. Money and success make everybody happy. EXERCISE 2 They do these things every day. Combine as colunas e diga o que acontece todos os dias. 1. Ricky Starr ( ) a) go to stadium with him. 2. Several of Ricky’s girlfriends ( ) b) make his fans cry. 3. Ricky’s car ( ) c) takes them to the stadium. 4. The driver ( ) d) sings again and again. 5. Some of Ricky’s songs ( ) e) opens the door of the car. 6. The manager ( ) f) gets a lot of money. EXERCISE 3 Agora responda estas perguntas: 1. Is Ricky a pop star? _______________________________________ 2. Does he wake up at home? _______________________________________ 3. Does he eat breakfast early? _______________________________________ 4. Does he have red hair? _______________________________________ 5. Does he have green hair? _______________________________________ 6. Does he sing only one song? _______________________________________ 7. Do Ricky’s fans like his songs? _______________________________________ 8. Does emotion make them cry? _______________________________________



5269. Do Ricky’s friends like him? _______________________________________ 10. Does he go home alone? _______________________________________ 20. TIME EXPRESSIONS = EXPRESSÕES DE TEMPO 1. Every day 8. Today 2. Every morning 9. On Weekends 3. On Sundays 10. At night 4. On Weekdays 11. At noon 5. In the morning 12. At midnight 6. In the afternoon 13. Every month 7. In the evening EXERCISE 1 Responda as questões: 1. What time do you get up? _______________________________________ 2. Do you have breakfast everyday? _______________________________________ 3. Do you study in the morning or at night? _______________________________________ 4. When do you go to the Academy? _______________________________________ 5. When do you go home? _______________________________________ 6. Do you watch television in the evening? _______________________________________ 21. HORAS 1) 7:00 – It’s seven o’clock It’s seven AM ou It’s seven in the morning It’s seven PM ou It’s seven in the evening 2) 7:05 – It’s seven oh-five 3) 7:10 – It’s seven ten It’s ten past seven It’s ten after seven 4) 7:15 – It’s seven fifteen It’s a quarter after seven 5) 7:20 – It’s seven twenty It’s twenty after seven 6) 7:25 – It’s seven twenty-five It’s twenty-five after seven 7) 7:30 – It’s nine thirty It’s half past seven 8) 7:35 – It’s seven thirty-five It’s twenty five to eight 9) 7:40 – It’s seven forty It’s twenty to eight 10) 7:45 – It’s seven forty-five It’s a quarter to eight 11) 7:50 – It’s seven fifty It’s tem to eight 12) 7:55 – It’s seven fifty-five It’s five to eight 13) 12:00 – It’s twelve o’clock at night It’s midnight



527 It’s noon It’s twelve o’clock EXERCISE 1 What time is it? (Que horas são?) 1) 3:07 6) 1:15 2) 5:10 7) 10:17 3) 9:30 8) 12:00 4) 8:45 9) 4:25 5) 2:20 10) 6:50 22. MILITARY RANKS (POSTOS E GRADUAÇÕES MILITARES)

RANK TRANSLATION Colonel Coronel

Lieutenant-colonel Tenente-coronel Major Major

Captain Capitão First lieutenant Primeiro tenente

Second lieutenant Segundo tenente Aspirante-a-oficial Officer candidate

Cadet Cadete Sub-lieutenant Sub-tenete First sergeant Primeiro sargento

Second sergeant Segundo sargento Third sergeant Terceiro sargento

Corporal Cabo Soldier Soldado

23. MILITARY COMMANDS (COMANDOS MILITARES)

COMMAND TRANSLATION Attention Sentido At ease Descansar Relax À vontade

Dismissed Dispensado Right face Direita volver Left face Esquerda volver

Shoulder arms Ombro-armas Present armas Apresentar-armas

24. MILITARY GOODS (ARTIGOS MILITARES)

GOODS TRANSLATION Ballistic shield Escudo balístico

Body armor Colete balístico Carbine Carabina

Flashlight Lanterna Front sight Massa de mira

Helmet Capacete Holster Coldre

Machine gun Metralhadora Magazine Carregador

Magazine case Porta carregador Pistol Pistola

Rear sight Alça de mira Revolver Revólver

Rifle Fuzil



528Riot gun Tru-flite Shotgun Espingarda

Sub-machine gun Sub-metralhadora 25. TOURIST INFORMATION (INFORMAÇÕES AO TURISTA) 25.1 SOME PLACES (ALGUNS LUGARES)

Art gallery Galeria de arte Bakery Padaria

Barbershop Barbearia Beach Praia

Beauty parlor Salão de beleza Bookstore Livraria Bus stop Ponto de ônibus

Bus terminal Terminal rodoviário Car rental company Locadora de veículos

Church Igreja Club Clube

Coffee shop Cafeteria Drugstore Farmácia

Gas station Posto de gasolina Hospital Hospital Hostel Hospedaria, albergue Hotel Hotel House Casa

Ice cream parlor Sorveteria Inn Pousada, pensão

Library Biblioteca Movie theater/movies/cinema Cinema

Museum Museu Night club Boate Night club Boate

Pizza parlor/pizza place Pizzaria Police station Delegacia Restaurant Restaurante Shop/store Loja

Shopping mall Shopping center Snack bar Lanchonete, cantina Stadium Estádio Theater Teatro

Video store Locadora de vídeo Zoo Zoológico

25.2 ASKING AND GIVING PIECES OF INFORMATION (PEDINDO E DANDO INFORMAÇÕES)

PHRASE TRANSLATION How can I go to...? Como posso ir para...?

Where can I Find...? Onde posso encontrar...? Turn Left Dobre à esquerda

Turn Right Dobre à direita Where is the nearest...? Onde fica o/a ... mais próximo?

At the corner Na esquina On the first/second block No primeiro/segundo quarteirão

How do you say... Como se diz...? What´s the meaning of...? Qual o significado de ...?

May I...? Posso...? It´s behind, between, in front of, next to, near,

across...? Fica atrás, entre(dois), em frente a, vizinho a, próximo a,

do outro lado...



529What´s the best way to go to...? Qual o melhor caminho para ir para...?

At the traffic light No sinal 26. VERBOS

Segue-se uma lista dos principais verbos irregulares, agrupados por suas Características em comum. Os verbos são irregulares quando: 1. Todas as formas são idênticas: N° Infinitivo Passado P.P. Tradução 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

To bet To burst To cast To cost To cut To hit To hurt To let To put To quit To set To shed To shut To split To spread To wet To read

Bet Burst Cast Cost Cut Hit Hurt Let Put Quit Set Shed Shut Split Spread Wet Read

Bet Burst Cast Cost Cut Hit Hurt Let Put Quit Set Shed Shut Split Spread Wet Read

Apostar Estourar Arremessar Custar Cortar Golpear Ferir, magoar Deixar (permitir) Pôr, colocar Desistir Pôr Derramar Fechar Fender Espalhar Molhar Ler

2. Apenas as formas do passado e particípio são idênticas: N° Infinitivo Passado P.P. Tradução 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

To bend To bind To bleed To bring To build To burn To buy To catch To creep To deal To dig To feed To feel To fight To find To get To grind To hang To have To hear To hold To keep To lay To lead To leave To lend To lose To make

Bent Bound Bled Brought Built Burnt Bought Caught Crept Dealt Dug Fed Felt Fought Found Got Ground Hung Had Heard Held Kept Laid Led Left Lent Lost Made

Bent Bound Bled Brought Built Burnt Bought Caught Crept Dealt Dug Fed Felt Fought Found Got (gotten) Ground Hung Had Heard Held Kept Laid Led Left Lent Lost Made

Dobrar, curvar Atar, amarrar Sangrar Trazer Construir Queimar Comprar Pegar, apanhar Rastejar Lidar, negociar Cavar Alimentar Sentir Lutar, combater Encontar Pegar, ganhar Moer, triturar Pendurar Ter, possuir Ouvir Segurar, manter Guardar Pôr Conduzir, liderar Partir, abandonar Emprestar a Perder Fazer



53046 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69

To mean To meet To pay To say To seek To send To sell To shine To shoot To sit To sleep To spend To spin To stand To sting To strike To sweep To teach To tell To think To understand To weep To win To wind

Meant Met Paid Said Sought Sent Sold Shone Shot Sat Slept Spent Spun Stood Stung Struck Swept Taught Told Thought Understood Wept Won Wound

Meant Met Paid Said Sought Sent Sold Shone Shot Sat Slept Spent Spun Stood Stung Struck Swept Taught Told Thought Understood Wept Won Wound

Querer dizer Reunir-se Pagar Dizer Procurar, tentar Mandar, enviar Vender Brilhar Atirar (dar tiros) Sentar-se Dormir Gastar Girar, rodar Ficar, suportar Picar Bater, golpear Varrer Ensinar Contar, relatar Pensar Entender Chorar, lamentar Ganhar, vencer Dar corda

3. As formas do passado e particípio têm vogais diferentes: N° Infinitivo Passado P.P. Tradução 70 71 72 73 74 75 76

To begin To drink To ring To sing To sink To spring To swim

Began Drank Rang Sang Sank Sprang Swam

Begun Drunk Rung Sung Sunk Sprung Swum

Começar Beber Soar campainha Cantar Afundar Saltar Nadar

4. As formas do particípio são idênticas às do infinitivo, sofrendo apenas o acréscimo de N ou EN: N° Infinitivo Passado P.P. Tradução 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90

To beat To blow To draw To eat To fall To forbid To forgive To give To grow To know To see To shake To take To throw

Beat Blew Drew Ate Fell Forbade Forgave Gave Grew Knew Saw Shook Took Threw

Beaten Blown Drawn Eaten Fallen Forbidden Forgiven Given Grown Known Seen Shaken Taken Thrown

Bater, vencer Soprar, ventar Desenhar Comer Cair Proibir Perdoar Dar Crescer Saber, conhecer Ver Sacudir Pegar, tomar Arremessar

5. As formas do p.p. são construídas unindo-se N, EN, ou NE ao infinitivo, sofrendo uma alteração na forma sonora.

N° Infinitivo Passado P.P. Tradução 91 92 93

To drive To do To go

Drove Did Went

Driven Done Gone

Dirigir, guiar Fazer Ir



53194 95 96 97

To hide To ride To rise To write

Hid Rode Rose Wrote

Hidden Ridden Risen Written

Esconder Cavalgar Levantar-se Escrever

6. As formas do particípio são construídas pelo acréscimo de N, EN, ou NE às formas do passado: N° Infinitivo Passado P.P. Tradução 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111

To bear To bear To bite To break To choose To forget To freeze To lie To speak To steal To swear To tear To wear To weave

Bore Bore Bit Broke Chose Forgot Froze Lay Spoke Stole Swore Tore Wore Wove

Borne Born Bitten Broken Chosen Forgotten Frozen Lain Spoken Stolen Sworn Torn Worn Woven

Suportar Dar à luz, gerar Morder Quebrar Escolher Esquecer Congelar Jazer, deitar Falar Furtar Jurar Rasgar Vestir Tecer

7. As formas do particípio são idênticas às do infinitivo, havendo alteração na forma do passado: N° Infinitivo Passado P.P. Tradução 112 113 114

To become To come To run

Became Came Ran

Become Come Run

Tornar-se Vir Correr

8. As formas do passado e particípio são construídas com ED mas o particípio ainda pode Ter outra forma: N° Infinitivo Passado P.P. Tradução 115 116 117

To saw To sew To sow

Sawed Sewed Sowed

Sawed/sawn Sewed/sewn Sowed/sown

Serrar Coser, costurar Semear

9. Apenas as formas do passado são construídas com ED: N° Infinitivo Passado P.P. Tradução 118 To show Showed Shown Mostrar 10. Duas formas são possíveis para o passado e particípio, sendo uma delas regular: N° Infinitivo Passado P.P. Tradução 119 120 121 122 123 124 125

To burn To dream To lean To learn To smell To spoil To sweat

Burned/burnt Dreamed/dreamt Leaned/leant Learned/learnt Smelled/smelt Spoiled/spoilt Sweated/sweat

Burned/burnt Dreamed/dreamt Leaned/leant Learned/learnt Smelled/smelt Spoiled/spoilt Sweated/sweat

Queimar Sonhar Apoiar-se Aprender Cheirar Estragar Suar

11. As formas são todas diferentes: N° Infinitivo Passado P.P. Tradução 126 To fly flew flown Voar, pilotar



532BIBLIOGRAFIA 1. OLIVEIRA, E. et all. On the road to reading comprehension. João Pessoa: Reprodução Gráfica

CCHLA, 1998. 2. MARQUES, Amadeu. English for life. 9 ed. São Paulo: Editora Ática, 1994. 3. HOLLAENDER, Arnon. Inglês I. São Paulo: Centro de Recursos Educacionais, 1987. 4. HOLLAENDER, Arnon. Inglês II. São Paulo: Centro de Recursos Educacionais, 1987. 5. RICHARDS, Jack C.Interchenge: English for international communication. Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press, 1994.

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