foi;shmqj;a i`.rdj

2019 cQ,s 01

u; ÿr,d ks;s iekfiuq

wdishdfõ wka;¾ls%hd iy

úYajdih f.dvkeÕsfï

mshjr ms<sn| 5 jeks iuq¿j

meje;ajqfKa gðlsia:dkfha

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o YS% ,xldfõ ckdêm;sjrhdg

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01 foi;sh2019 cQ,s 01

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kfjda;amdok f,dalhgfõ.fhka tlaùu

iqjnr Èúhlg wejeis moku

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ixialdrl uKav,hÿ' w' 011 - 2513757 $ 0112 - 513153úoHq;a ;emE, - desathiya@gmail.comfnÞyeÍfï wxYhÿ' w' 011 - 2515759$ È.=j - 232

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wëlaIK ixiAldrl;s,lr;ak ,shkmgne`os

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fvdk,aâ fiakdër

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m%jD;a;s ks,Odßks,añ‚ m%kdkaÿ

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m%ldYkh yd fnÞyeÍurcfhA m%jD;a;s fomd¾;fïka;=j

fj¿u 42" l,dmh 11" 2019 cQ,s 01

rcfha m%jD;a;s fomd¾;fïka;=j" 163" lsre<mk wejksõ"fmd,afyakaf.dv" fld<U 05'

zu;aøjH Ndú;h yd kS;s úfrdaë m%jdykhg tfrys cd;Hka;r Èkh

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olajd cd;sl u;ao%jH ksjdrK i;shla m%ldYhg m;a lrñka ta i`oyd

lghq;= lf<a ckdêm;sf.a zu;ska ksoyia rglaZ ixl,amhg wkqj hñka'

Y%S ,xldj jir 2022 jk úg úI u;aøjHhkaf.ka 100]la ksoyia lr

.ekSu hs rcfha wfmalaIdj jkafka' ta i`oyd fï jk úg ±ä m%;sm;a;s

wkq.ukh lrñka lghq;= lsÍug wjOdkh fhduq ùu ;=< fmkS hkafka

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;sfnkjd'

flfia fj;;a u;aøjH Wjÿßka rg .<jd .ekSug fujeks i;shla kï

lrñka ta i`oyd lghq;= lsÍu u m%udKj;a jkafka keye' tys§ ,nd .;a

w;a±lSï weiqßka uoHidr" ÿïfld< fuka u kS;s úfrdaë u;aøjH ue`v,Sug

wjYH bÈß l%shdud¾. Yla;su;a lr .ekSu hs jeo.;a jkafka'

j¾;udkfha u;aøjH ksid rglg isÿ jk wd¾Ól" iudÔh" ixialD;sl

yd foaYmd,k n,mEu .Kkh l< fkdyels ;rï' nd," ;reK" jeäysÜ

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ÿjd we;af;a th Nhdkl jHikhla njg o m;a fjñka'

rgl ixj¾Okhg fhoúh hq;= uqo,a u;aøjH Ndú;h ksid isÿ jk

fi!LH .eg¨ wju lsÍu i`oyd jeh lsÍug isÿ jkafka kï" rfÜ

ixj¾Okhg fhoúh hq;= M,odhS Y%uh u;aøjH fya;=fjka rgg wysñ

ù hkafka kï" u;aøjH ksid rfÜ wmrdO /,a, by< hkafka kï iy

u;aøjH yryd f.da,Sh ;%ia;jdofha fijke,s wm fidhd tkafka kï

fuys we;s Nhxldr;ajh ms<sn`o ;j;a wgqjd àld wjYH jkafka keye'

fï ksid wjYH jkafka fï cd;sl l¾;jHh fjkqfjka rfÜ wdh;ksl

jHqyh taldnoaO m%fõYhlska ;u ld¾hNdrh ksis f,i bgq lrk w;r u

iEu mqrjeishl= u u;a Wjÿßka ñ§fï wdl,amuh ixj¾Okhla we;s lr

.ekSu hs' túgz u;ska ksoyia rglaZ f.dvke`.Sfï isyskh ienE lr .ekSu

h:d¾:hla lr .ekSfï ld,h jeä wE;lg fkdhkq we;s'

u; ÿr,d ks;s iekfiuq

- ixiAldrl -

03 foi;sh2019 cQ,s 01

ksoyiska miq fï olajd .ï

okjq k.r isidrd ck;djg

ks;r wefikafka ixj¾Okfha

y~ hs' tfy;a l=uk ixj¾Okhla

rgmqrd ;snqK o ck;d wjYH;d

bgq lr .ekSug lsysmúgla u

ria;shdÿ ùug isÿ jkafka kï thska

ck;djg M,la keye' Bg m%Odk

fya;=j f,i ldf.;a úfõpkhg

,lajkafka rdcH wdh;k ls%hd

mámdáfha wúêu;a nj yd

wld¾hlaIu nj hs' thg úi÷ula

f,i hs ckdêm;s f,alï ld¾hd,h

uÕska —rg fjkqfjka tlg isáuq˜

jevigyk ls%hdjg kexùug woyia

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olajd& wdrïN jQ fï jevigykska

uvl,mqj ^wfma%,a 08 - 12 olajd&

wïmdr ^uehs 07 -12& uq,;sõ ^cqks

03- 07& hk Èia;s%lalj, ck;djg

fï jk úg bv m%ia:dj ,enqfKa

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fï jevigyk iïnkaOfhka

woyia olajñka¦ —uyck wjYH;d

bgq lrk we;eï wdh;kj, rch

ls%hd;aul lrk ixj¾Ok yd fiajd

imhk jevigyka ksishdldr j isÿ

rg fjkqfjka tlg isáuq

uyck wjYH;d bgq lrk we;eï wdh;kj, rch ls%hd;aul lrk

ixj¾Ok yd fiajd imhk jevigyka ksishdldr j isÿ

fkdjk wdldrh;a we;eï .eg¨ i|yd úi÷ï ,nd§fï § nrm;, m%udo isÿ

jk nj;a f;areï .sh lreKla' fï ;;a;ajh

u`. yrjd Bg hï úi÷ula ck;dj

<Õg u f.dia ,nd §fï wruq‚kq hs fï jHdmD;s ìys jQfha' fï jHdmD;s uÕska ck;d .eg¨j,g

tljr úi÷ï §ug yelshdjla fkd,enqK o .eg¨ ksrdlrKh lr .ekSfï jeä bv yirla ,eîu fuys§

jeo.;a'

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foi;sh 2019 cQ,s 0104

fkdjk wdldrh;a we;eï .eg¨

i|yd úi÷ï ,nd§fï § nrm;,

m%udo isÿ jk nj;a f;areï .sh

lreKla' fï ;;a;ajh u`. yrjd

Bg hï úi÷ula ck;dj <Õg u

f.dia ,nd §fï wruq‚kq hs fï

jHdmD;s ìys jQfha' fï jHdmD;s

uÕska ck;d .eg¨j,g tljr

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.eg¨ ksrdlrKh lr .ekSfï jeä

bv yirla ,eîu fuys§ jeo.;a'˜

u;aøjH wo jk úg uq¿ rg u

fj,d .;a ms<s,hla' fï fya;=fjka

u;aøjH cdjdrïlrejka kS;sfha

/yekg fldgq lr .ekSug

uyck iydh w;HjYH hs' fï

ms<sn| j iudch ±kqj;a lsÍu"

ksjdrK jevigyka" jeg,Sï yd

mqkre;a:dmk jevigyka uÕska

Tjqka kej; w¨;a Ôú; f.dvkÕd

.; yels wdldrh iðù j ixjdohg

,la lsÍu fuys§ isÿ jk m%uqL

lghq;a;la'

ks;r fofõf,a wikakg"

olskakg ,efnk m%jD;a;s

wkqj orejkaf.a iqrlaIs;Ndjh

iïnkaOfhka we;s jkafka úYd,

ìhla' fï ;;a;ajh ie,ls,a,g

f.k zorejka iqrlsuqZ hgf;a

ujqmshka" jeäysáhka" mdi,a

.=rejreka iy mjq,a fi!LH fiajd

ks,Odßka ±kqñka yd wdrlaIl

mshjr uÕska n, .ekajQfha

orejkaf.a wkd.;h Tjqka w; /¢

ksid' y÷kd fkd.;a jl=.vq frda.h

jHdma; ùu;a rgg uqyqK§ug isÿ jQ

m%Odk fi!LH jHikhla' frda.h

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lf<a tA ms<sn| fkd±kqj;alu hs'

fï ksid jl=.vq frda. md,kh yd

ksjdrKh muKla fkdj m%;sldr

fiajd Yla;su;a lsÍu" jl=.vq

frda. §ukd ,nd §u" cd;sl jl=.

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i|yd Ôjfkdamdh ud¾. we;s lsÍu

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kd;a;kaäfha ixl nKavdr

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fï jevigyk w;aje,la jqKd'

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m%;smdok u`.ska by; lS uQ,sl

f;aud hgf;a iuia; jevigyk

tlg tla j iyfhda.fhka

ls%hd;aul lsÍu ksid'

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m%;sY;hlska ixj¾Ok b,lal

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jeh l, uqo, remsh,a

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05 foi;sh2019 cQ,s 01

ÿïßh b;sydifha jir ;sylg

miqj YS% ,xldjg wdkhkh

lrk ,o ny¨ï m%jdyk .e,a

10la uehs ui 16 jeks Þ f.dv

ndkq ,enqfõ fld<U jrdfha

nKavdrkdhl m¾hka;fhka' tjeks

ny¨ï m%jdyk .e,a 20la furgg

wdkhkh lsÍug hs kshñ;' tA

i|yd uQ,sl;ajh orkafka m%jdyk

yd isú,a .=jka fiajd wud;HdxYh

bka§h Kh fhdackd l%uh hgf;a'

±kg YS% ,xld ÿïßh

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m%jdyk .e,a ^Container Carrier Wagon& ixLHdj 25la' tu .e,a 1989

jif¾§ muK furgg wdkhkh

lrk ,oafoa Bðma;=fjka' wo jk

úg rg mqrd úúO NdKav m%jdykhg

fhdod .kafka tAjd mer‚ nj ksid

u úúO kv;a;= lghq;= o lrñka'

tu .e,a 25ka ±kg Odjkh i|yd

fhoúh yelafla .e,a 22 la muK hs'

ÿïßfhka NdKav m%jdykfha§ fï

wmyiq;d uÕyrjd .ksñka úêu;a

NdKav m%jdykhlg wjYH weKsh

jeälr .ekSu hs .e,a wdkhkh

lsÍfï wruqK' m<uq wÈhr hgf;a

f.kajk ,o m%jdyk .e,a 10 uÕska

wä 40l Odß;dfjka hq;a ny¨ï

m%jdykh l< yels w;r tl .e,l

jákdlu we'fvd' 84200la' wdikak

jYfhka th YS% ,xld uqo,ska remsh,a

ñ,shk 15la fjkjd'

tA wkqj wdkhkh lrk kj

.e,a jHdmD;sh uÕska fuf;la

ÿïßh fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska bgq

lrk ,o NdKav m%jdyk ld¾hh o

jvd fyd| ilS%h uÜgulska mj;ajd

f.k hdug ukd /l=,la jkq

we;s' ny¨ï m%jdyk ÿïßh .e,a

fuf,i ,xldjg f.k wdfõ Mile Aamama fk!ldfjka' tA iuÕ u

weKjqï lr we;s bkaOk m%jdyk

.e,a 30ka 5la o tu fk!ldfjka

u f.kajd ;sîu úfYaI;ajhla'

bka tla bkaOk m%jdyk .e,l

jákdlu we'fvd' 85500lg wdikak

jYfhka YS% ,xld uqo,ska remsh,a

ñ,shk 15'2la' tl .e,lska bkaOk

,Sg¾ 45000la m%jdykh l< yels

w;r óg fmr tjeks bkaOk .e,a

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mdlsia;dkfhka'

bkaOk m%jdykh i|yd ÿïßh

fomd¾;fïka;= i;=j fï jk úg

we;af;a mer‚ .e,a 160la muK hs'

bka Èkm;d Odjkh lrkafka .e,a

150la' tu .e,a 150ka .e,a 30la u

fhdÞ .kafka .=jkahdkdj,g wjYH

bkaOk ^Aviation fuel& fmÜg%,a

iud.fï isg lgqkdhl olajd

m%jdykh lsÍug' fï ms<sn| woyia

olajk r;au,dk ÿïßh l¾udka;

Yd,dfõ m%Odk bxðfkare hdka;s%l

lS¾;s fyajdú;dk —fld<U -

lgqkdhl w;r f;,a m%jdykh

iïmQ¾Kfhka u isÿ jkafka ÿïßh

fomd¾;fïka;=fõ bkaOk m%jdyk

.e,a uÕska nj fndfyda fokl=

fkdokakd ldrKhla' ±kg we;s

ÿïßh b;sydifha kj fmr<shla

fld<U - lgqkdhl w;r f;,a m%jdykh

iïmQ¾Kfhka u isÿ jkafka ÿïßh fomd¾;fïka;=fõ

bkaOk m%jdyk .e,a uÕska nj fndfyda fokl= fkdokakd

ldrKhla' ±kg we;s me/‚ .e,a 30la

Èkm;d tu ld¾hhg fhofjkjd' .=jka hdkdj,g wjYH

bkaOk ^Aviation fuel& iemhSu hs tu .e,a

uÕska isÿ flfrkafka'

foi;sh 2019 cQ,s 0106

me/‚ .e,a 30la Èkm;d tu

ld¾hhg fhofjkjd' .=jka

hdkdj,g wjYH bkaOk

^Aviation fuel& iemhSu hs tu

.e,a uÕska isÿ flfrkafka'˜

tA i|yd ÿïßh 04la

Ndú;hg .kakd w;r tu

ld¾hh iïmQ¾Kfhka

u isÿ lrkafka ÿïßh

fomd¾;fïka;=fjka'

tfy;a tu .e,a wjqreÿ

30- 40la me/‚ tAjd neúka

ksrka;rfhka u ,lajkafka

wdmÞjg' tu bkaOk ueÈß

we;=<; ì;a;sfha f;,aj,g

fkd.e,fjk tfmdlais

^Epoxy coating& wdf,am

lr ;sfnkjd' u,lv jeks

wmøjH bkaOkj,g ñY%ùu

je<elaùu hs tys wruqK' hï

wdldrhlska tjeks wmøjH

bkaOkj,g ñY% jqjfyd;a

th úYd, .eg¨jla jk ksid

lgqkdhlhg m%jdykh lrk

bkaOk .e,a ish,af,ys u

bkaOk .=jkahdkdj,g

fhoùug fmr mQ¾K

ridhkd.dr mÍlaIKhlg

,la lrk nj hs' ls¾;s

fyajdú;drK i|yka lrkafka'

fï wkqj wdkhkh lrk w¨;a

.e,a tA i|yd jvd;a fhda.H neúka

±kg mdúÉÑ lrk bkaOk .e,a

fjkqjg kj m%jdyk .e,a 30u tu

ld¾hh i|yd fhoùfuka .=jka hdkd

bkaOk m%jdyk ld¾hh jvd;a ilS%h

j isÿ jkq we;e hs hkak hs ÿïßh

fomd¾;fïka;=fõ wfmalaIdj'

,xldfõ fuf;la NdKav

m%jdykh l< .e,a b;d me/‚

neúka ny¨ï m%jdyk ld¾hfha§

úúO .eg¨j,g uqyqK§ug isÿ jqKd'

mer‚ .e,aj,g wu;rj ÿïßh

fomd¾;fïka;=fõ hdka;s%l wxYh

uÕska ks¾udKh l< .e,a 10la

muK ;sfnkjd' tu .e,a Wmfhda.S

lr .ksñka miq.sh ld,fha uhsfl%da

iud.ug wh;a ld¾ fmd,a.yfj,

isg yqKqmsáh olajd m%jdykh lrkq

,enqjd' tfy;a tu .e,aj,g úYd,

f,i nr mgjd m%jdykh lsÍu

wmyiq hs'

idudkHfhka ny¨ï m%jdyk

.e,l Wmßu jYfhka fgdka 40la

megúh yels úh hq;= hs' tA ksid mer‚

.e,a 22 fhdÞ .ksñka miq.sh ld,fha

mq;a;,u fyd,aisï isfuka;s iud.u

úiska ;s%l=Kdu,fha isg uyj olajd

úYd, jYfhka .,a wÕ=re m%jdykh

l< nj lS¾;s fyajdú;drK fmkajd

fok lreKla'

tl kejl .,a w`.=re i;s ;=klska

fyda udihlska fyda m%jdykh l<

yels ùu ny¨ï m%jdyk .e,aj,ska

lrk úYd, u ld¾h hs' ny¨ï .e,a

u.ska .,a wÕ=re" fmdfydr" fjk;a

wuqøjH m%jdykhg iy uqyqo je,s

m%jdykhg b,a¨ïlrejka bÈßm;a

ù we;s w;r bÈßfha§ ish¨

.e,a wdkhkh l< miq tu

wjYH;d imqrd,Su i|yd

.e,a 20la muK fhoùug hs

ÿïßh fomd¾;fïka;=fõ

n,dfmdfrd;a;=j'

bkaÈhdfjka wdkhkh

lrk ny¨ï m%jdyk

.e,aj,g wu;r j ;j;a

tjeks u .e,a 15la

m%Sud isf,dka iud.

fï uQ,H Þhl;ajfhka

Ökfha ^CRRL& iud.

fuka wdkhkh lsÍu bÈß

wfmalaIdj hs' ;s%l=Kdu,fha

isg fld<Ug;a" fld<U

isg .d,a,g;a msá m%jdykh

i|yd hs tu ny¨ï

f.kajkq ,nkafka' th

ÿïßh fomd¾;fïka;=j

mqoa.,sl wxYh iuÕ lrk

yjq,a jHdmdrhla nj hs

bxðfkare hdka;s%l lS¾;s

fyajdú;drKf.a i|yk'

Tyq woyia olajk wdlrhg

Lksc f;,a ixia:dj l<

b,a,Sulg wkqj i;shlg

Èk folla hdmkh olajd

f;,a m%jdykh lsÍug

n,dfmdfrd;a;= jqj;a ta

i`oyd oekg myiqlï fkdue;s

neúka ish¨ .e,a wdkhkh

l< miq hs lkalika;=rh olajd

f;,a m%jdykh lsÍug wfmalaId

lrkafka' flfia fj;;a fï

jk úg bkaOk we;=¿ NdKav

m%jdykfhka jd¾Isl j ÿïßh

fomd¾;fïka;=j Wmhk wdÞhfï

m%;sY;h 2]la' lgqkdhl

.=jka f;dgqfmd<g .=jka

hdkd bkaOk m%jdykh we;=¿

wfkl=;a m%foaYj,g lrkq ,nk

bkaOk m%jdykfhka ÿïßh

fomd¾;fïka;=j fï jk úg 22]l

wdÞhula Wmhd ;sfnkjd' bÈßfha§

nyd¨ï m%jdyk .e,a yd bkaOk

m%jdyk .e,a wdkhkh;a iuÕ tu

Þhl;ajh ;jÿrg;a by< hkq we;s'

fvdk,aâ fiakdër

07 foi;sh2019 cQ,s 01

f.da,Sh WKqiqfuka ysud,h ìh fjhs

ms%hkacka iqf¾Ia o is,ajd

mDÓúh u;=msg WIaK;ajh by< hEu fyj;a

f.da,Sh WKqiqu by< hEu j;auka f,dalh

uqyqqK § isák ±jeka;u mdßißl .eg¨jla' f.da,Sh

WKqiqu by< hEug n,md we;af;a ñksia ls%hdldrlï'

ld¾ñl úma,jfhka miq jdhqf.da,hg uqÞyereKq

ldnkavfhdlaihsâ" ldnkafudfkdlaihsâ iy

laf,dafrda *a¨frda ldnka jeks úI iys; jdhqj,

n,mEu u; f.da,Sh WIaK;ajh l%ufhka j¾Okh

jqKd' fï ;;a;ajh úYd, jYfhka n,mEfõ W;a;r

yd olaIsK O%ejj,g' tAjdfha .a,eishr Èhfjñka tu

c,h id.rj,g tlafjñka mj;skjd' bka id.rfha o

WIaK;ajh by< .sh w;r miq.sh ishji ;=< uqyqÿ c,

uÜgu fikaáógr 17lska muK by< f.dia ;sfnkjd'

bÈßfha§ th fo.=K úh yels nj hs úoHd{hkaf.a

woyi'

f.da,Sh WIaK;ajh by< hEu ms<sn| kj;u f;dr;=re

wkdjrK jkafka ysud, l÷jeáfhka' .;jQ oiYl

fol ;=< tys .a,eishr Èhùu fo.=K ù we;e hs

úoHd{hka fmkajd fokjd' wêl WIaK;ajfha

n,mEu u; tys .a,eishr Èhùu ksid jirlg msgdr

.,k c,fhka T,sïmsla msyskqï ;gdl ñ,shk 3'2la

msrúh hehs Tjqka i|yka lrkjd' 20 jeks ishji

wdrïNfha isg fï olajd f,dj Wiu l÷mka;sj,

mj;sk whsia m%udKfhka wÕ,a 20la ^fi'ó 51la& iEu

jirl u wysñfjñka meje;s w;r 1975 isg 2000 w;r

ld,fha th fo.=K ù ;sfnkjd' f.jqKq 40 jir mqrd

pkaøsld ;dlaIKh weiqßka bkaÈhdj" Ökh" fkamd,h

yd N+;dkh jeks rgj,a Tiafia ysud,h l÷jeáh

iïnkaOfhka lrk ,o ksÍlaIKj,g wkqj fï

;;a;ajh y÷kdf.k ;sfnk w;r Bg n,md we;af;a

f.da,Sh WKqiqu wêl f,i by< hEu hs'

ld,h yd wjldYhg wkqrEm j .a,eishr Èhùu

idudkHfhka isÿjk kuq;a by< kÕsk WIaK;ajh

u; tajd Èhùfï m%jK;dj wêl ù ;sfnkjd' 1975

isg 2000 w;r ld,fha meje;s WIaK;ajhg jvd 2000

isg 2006 w;r ld,fha WIaK;ajh fikaáf.a%â wxYl

1lska ^*erkayhsÜ wxYl 1'8lska& by< f.diska' fï

ms<sn| m¾fhaIKfha fhÿKq úoHd{hka msßi ysud,h

l÷jeáfha .a,eishr 650la muK ksÍlaIKhg ,la l<d'

1975 isg 2000 w;r ld,fha tu .a,eishrj,ska wÕ,a

10l ^fi'ó' 25l& muK whsia m%udKhla wysñ ù ;sfnk

nj Tjqka y÷kd .;a;d' 2000ka miq tu m%udKh fo.=K

fjñka wÕ,a 20l ^fi'ó' 50l& muK whsia m%udKhla

jirlg wysñ fjñka mj;sk nj Tjqka fmkajd fokjd'

my< Wkak;dxYj, msysá we;eï .a,eishrj,ska

jirl§ wä 16l muK whsia ;Ügqjla wysó ;sfnk

nj o Tjqka y÷kd .;a;d'

—hqfrdamfha we,amaia l÷jeáfha o .a,eishr Èhfjñka

mj;skjd' 1980 isg tys WIaK;ajfha by< hEula

olakg ,enqKd' t;eka isg fkdkj;ajd u tys .a,eishr

Èhfjkakg mgka .;a;d' ysud,h l÷jeáfha whsia

Èhùu we,amaia l÷jeáfha ;rï fõ.j;aj isÿjkafka

keye' tfy;a .a,eishr Èhùfï ls%hdj,sh tl

iudkhs˜ hkqfjka tu m¾fhaIlhka i|yka lrkjd'

fu;rï by< l÷jeáj, jqj .a,eishr Èhùug n,mdk

m%Odk idOl jkafka fmdis, bkaOk oykh hehs

.a,eishr N+f.da, úoHd{hl= jk wdpd¾h fcdai*a Ishd

fmkajd fokjd'ysud,h l÷jeáfha we;sjk mdßißl

fjkialï fya;=fjka wdishdkq rgj,a /il ñ,shk

.Kkl ck;djg c, ysÕhlg wkd.fha uqyqK §ug

isÿjkq we;e hs tu úoHd{hka i|yka lrkjd'

mßirhmßirh

ms%hkacka iqf¾Ia o is,ajd

foi;sh 2019 cQ,s 0108

weußldfõ ó<Õ

ckdêm;sjrKh ,nk

jif¾ meje;aùughs kshñ;' fï

jkúg tys WKqiqu flfuka by<

hñka we;s wkaou oel.; yels hs'

Bg wÞ< ;j;a jeo.;a isÿùula

miq.shÞ isÿ jqKd' tkï ßmí,slka

mdCIsl j;auka ckdêm;s fvdk,aâ

fcdaka g%ïma Tyqf.a z2020

ckdêm;sjrK fufyhquZ ks,

jYfhka Èh;a lsÍu hs' miq.sh 18

jeks Èk Tyq ish m%pdrK jHdmdrh

Èh;a lf<a *af,dßvd m%dka;fha

´¾,kafvda k.rfha meje;s ±jeka;

foaYmd,k /<shlska' fuh g%ïmaf.a

wdOdrlrejka w;s úYd, msßila

iyNd.s jQ b;d id¾:l /<shla jQ

nj hs fndfyda udOH jd¾;d lr

;snqfKa' 2016 jif¾ fkdjeïnrfha

meje;s ckdêm;sjrKfhka

chf.k 2017 ckjdß udifha

ckdêm;s Oqrfha jev Ndr.;a

g%ïmaf.a m<uq Oqr ld,h wjika

jkafka 2021 ckjdßfha' thska

miq ckdêm;s moúhg m;ajkafka

lõo hkak ;SrKh lsÍu i|yd

ó<Õ ckdêm;sjrKh meje;aùug

fvdk,aâ g%ïma h<s n, igkg

kshñ; j we;af;a 2020 fkdjeïn¾

03 jeksÞ hs' tys§ ch.kakd

wfmaCIlhd wefußldfõ 46 jeks

ckdêm;sjrhd f,i 2021 ckjdß

udifha Èjqreï fokq we;s'

fï jkúg m<fjk fndfyda

wkdjels wkqj fmkS hkafka

g%ïma fojeks j;djg;a ckdêm;s

mqgqjg m;aùug fndfydaÿrg

bv we;s nj hs' Tyq úYd,

jYfhka úfõpkj,g ,la jk"

wdkafoda,kd;aul pß;hla jqj

o weußldfõ idudkH ckhdf.

ka nyq;rhla Tyqghs ;ju;a

leue;a; olajkafka' 2016 jif¾

ckdêm;sjrKfha§ g%ïma ish f;aud

mdGh f,i fhdÞ.;af;a zweußldj

h<s;a fYa%IaG;ajhg m;a lruqZ

(Make America Great Again) hkak hs' tA wkqj Tyq weußldkq

wd¾Ólh" weußldkq ixialD;sh"

weußldfõ wdrCIdj iïnkaOfhka

úYd, wjOdkhla fhduq lrñka fï

wxY jvd;a Yla;su;a lsÍu i|yd

mshjr .kakd njg fmdfrdkaÿ

jqKd' Tyq fï fmdfrdkaÿ bgq

fujr ckdêm;sjrKh

i|yd äfudl%ála

mlaIfhka kdufhdackd

Èkd.ekSu ms‚i fï

jkúg wfmaCIl

wfmaCIsldjka úis

fofkl= muK ;r.

lrñka isákjd' tA

w;ßka fcda nhsâka"

n¾ks iekav¾ia" lu,d

yeßia" t,sifn;a

fjdrka jeks whf.a kï

bÈßfhkau lshefjk

nj hs fmfkkafka'

úfoia ú;a;súfoaia ú;a;s

09 foi;sh2019 cQ,s 01

lsÍug ±ä W;aidyfhka lghq;=

lrk kdhlhl= nj weußldfõ

idudkH ck;dj w;r ;ju;a

úYajdihla we;s nj hs fmfkkafka'

weußldkq wd¾Ólh miq.sh

ld,fha b;d Yla;su;a ;;a;ajhlg

m;aùu o 2020 ckdêm;sjrKfha§

g%ïmag f,dl= jdishla ysñ lr

fokq we;s' fï wd¾Ól j¾Okhg

fya;= jQ idOl .Kkdjla mej;sh

o f.!rjfhka úYd, fldgila

g%ïmag ysñ ùu je<elaúh

fkdyels hs' 1969 jirg miq wvqu

ú/lshd m%;sY;h fï jkúg jd¾;d

jk nj hs i|yka jkafka' fuh o

g%ïmag úYd, jdishla ysñ lr Èh

yels idOlhla nj wuq;=fjka lsj

hq;= keye'

fï w;r wfußldjg

meñfKk ixl%u‚lhkaf.a iy

irKd.;hkaf.a m%Yakh;a ±ka

ld,hl isg u rg ;=< ks¾udKh

lr ;sfnkafka úYd, w¾nqohla'

fuh trg wd¾Ólhg fuka u

ixialD;shg iy wdrCIdjg

o n,mdk .eg¨jla f,i hs

ie,flkafka' g%ïma fï m%Yakh

o úi£ug ±ä W;aidyhla .ksñka

isák kdhlhl= f,i rfÜ úYd,

msßila w;r ms<s.ekSug ,la j we;s

njla fmfkkjd' ksoiqkla f,i

fulaisfldafõ isg wefußldjg

tk ixl%u‚lhka wju lsÍu

i|yd Tyq tu foaYiSudj yryd

;dmamhla bÈ lsÍug ie,iqï lsÍu

fmkajd Èh yels hs' flfia fj;;a

ixl%u‚lhska iïnkaOfhka

g%ïma olajk ±ä ia:djrh

udkj ysñlï ls%hdldßlhka

jeks md¾Yajj, úfrdaOhg iy

úfõpkhg md;% ù we;s nj o

i|yka l< hq;= hs' fuys§ o g%ïma

W;aidy lrñka isákafka Tyq 2016

ckdêm;sjrKfha§ PkaoÞhlhkag

,nd ÿka fmdfrdkaÿ bIag lsÍug hs'

Ökfhka weußldkq wd¾Ólhg

t,a, jk n,mEï wju lsÍu

i|yd o g%ïma úúO ls%hdud¾.

.ksñka isák w;r Tyqf.a fujeks

mshjr iïnkaOfhka o m%idoh

olajk úYd, msßila weußldj

;=< isákjd' Ökfhka weußldjg

f.kajk NdKav ksid weußldkq

ksIamdokj,g we;s b,a¨u

wvq ùu;a tA ksid wefußldfõ

l¾udka; lvd jeàu;a je<elaùu

i|yd miq.sh ld,fha g%ïma

úiska úúO mshjr /ila .;a;d'

Ökfha isg f.kajk NdKav u;

by< ;Sre nÿ mekùu;a tys§

lemS fmkqKq mshjrla' tfuka u

Ökh weußldfõ nqoaêuh foam,

fidrlï lrk njg wefußldj

fpdaokd l< w;r thg tfrysj

o mshjr .ekSug g%ïma iQÞkï

jqfKa' Ökh zuÜgq lsÍugZ Tyq

.ksñka isák fujeks ls%hdud¾. o

fndfydafokl= wkqu; lrk nj;a

±lsh yels hs' weußldj ;Sre nÿ

by< ouoa§ Ökh o weußldfjka

Ökhg f.kajk NdKav i|yd

o nÿ mekùug lghq;= l<d'

fï ksid fï jkúg forg

w;r fjf<| hqoaOhla we;eï

ksÍCIlhka fmkajd fokafka fuh

Ökhg muKla fkdj wefußldjg

o ydksÞhl njhs' fï idOl

ckdêm;sjrK ld,h jkúg ljr

n,mEï we;s lrkq we;a o hkak

;ju;a lsj fkdyels hs'

2020 ckdêm;sjrKfha§

;SrKd;aul u idOlhla jkq

we;af;a g%ïma wh;a ßmí,slka

mCIfha m%;sjdÈhd jk äfudl%ála

mCIfhka ;r.hg tk wfmaCIlhd

fyda wfmaCIsldj lõo hkak hs'

2016 § Tyq iuÕ tu mlaAIfhka

;r. lf<a ys,ß la,skagka' fujr

ckdêm;sjrKh i|yd äfudl%ála

mlaIfhka kdufhdackd Èkd.

ekSu ms‚i fï jkúg wfmaCIl

wfmaCIsldjka úis fokl= muK

;r. lrñka isákjd' tA w;ßka

fcda nhsâka" n¾ks iekav¾ia" lu,d

yeßia" t,sifn;a fjdrka jeks

whf.a kï bÈßfhkau lshefjk

nj hs fmfkkafka'

fojeks Oqr ld,hla

i|yd ;r.hg bÈßm;a jk

ckdêm;sjreka fndfyda wjia:dj,

chf.k we;s nj o trg

ckdêm;sjrK b;sydih wkqj

fmkS hk ldrKhla' miq.sh jir

50 l ld,h ;=< tA wdldrfhka

fojeks wjia:dfõ mrdch ù

we;af;a ckdêm;sjreka fofokl=

muK hs' tA 1977 jif¾ ckdêm;s

moúhg m;a ðó ldg¾ iy 1989

jif¾ tu moúhg m;a fcda¾Ê

tÉ'ví' nqIa tu fofokd hs'

ksyd,a mSßia

foi;sh 2019 cQ,s 0110

bkaÈhdj i|g hdug iQÞkï ùu

ms<sn| mqj; miq.sh Þ udOH

;=< wjOdkh Èkd.;a m%jD;a;shla

jqKd' cQ,s udifha 15 jeks Þ

bkaÈhdj zpkaøhdka-2Z keue;s

wNHjldY hdkhla .=jka.; lsÍug

kshñ; hs' tu hdkfha /f.k

hk zúl%ïZ keue;s l=vd i| hdkh

(lander) i|g f.dv neiSug kshñ;

iema;eïn¾ udifha uq,a i;sfha

muK' fï jHdmD;sh id¾:l

jqjfyd;a i| u;g hdkhla uDÿ

wdldrfhka f.dvneiai jQ isõjeks

rg njg bkaÈhdj m;a fjkjd' óg

fmr i| u;g hdkd f.dvniajd

we;af;a weußldj" fidaúhÜ

reishdj iy Ökh muK hs'

2008 j¾Ifha o bkaÈhdj i|g

zpkaøhdka-1Z keue;s hdkhla

heõj o tys§ i| u; uDÿ f.dv

neiSula (soft landing) isÿ jqfKa

keye' hdkhla if|ys mDIaGh

u;g lvd jeàug ie,eiaùu hs

tys§ isÿ jqfKa' tu lvd jeàfuka

hdkh úkdYhg m;a jqKd' tfy;a

th jqjukdfjka u isÿ lrk

,oaola jQ w;r bÈßfha§ Èh;a lrk

zpkaøhdka-2Z jHdmD;sh id¾:l

lr .ekSu i|yd wjYH mÍCIK

lsysmhla lsÍu tys wruqK jqKd'

pkaøhdka-2 hdkh ;=< ;j

l=vd hdkd folla /f.k hkjd'

tlla zúl%ïZ" wfkl zm%×kaZ'

m%Odk hdkh i| jgd .uka lrñka

isáh § zúl%ïZ hdkh hs thska

fjka ù i| u; f.dv niskafka'

zm%×kaZ hkq tA ;=< r|jd we;s

l=vd jdykhla n÷ wx.hla' th

ye¢kafjkafka frdajrhla (rover) hkqfjkq hs' zúl%ïZ i| u; f.dv

neiSfuka miq zm%×kaZ thska msg;g

meñK i| u; .uka lrñka úúO

m¾fhaIK isÿ lsÍug kshñ; hs'

zpkaøhdka 2Z hdkhg mDÓúfha

isg i| fj; .uka lsÍu i|yd

Èk 21 la muK ld,hla .;

fjkjd' B<Õg ;j Èk 27 la th

bkaÈhdj;a y`og hhs

11 foi;sh2019 cQ,s 01

pkaøhd jgd .uka lrñka isg

thska wk;=rej hs zúl%ïZ hdkh i|

u; f.dv niskafka' fï hdkh

f.dv neiSug kshñ; j we;af;a

pkaøhdf.a oCIsK O%ejh wdikak

l,dmhg hs' b;sydifha m<uq

j;djg hs fï l,dmhg i| .uka

hdkhla f.dv niskafka' bkaÈhdfõ

m%Odk wruqKla jkafka fï oCIsK

O%ejh wdikakfha we;s whsia ;Ügq

ms<ssn| m¾fhaIK isÿ lsÍu hs' Bg

wu;r j fjk;a iajdNdúl iïm;a

ms<sn| fidhd ne,Sug fuys§ woyia

lrk nj i|yka' fï oCIsK O%ej

l,dmh fï f.dvneiSu i|yd

f;dard .ekSug ;j;a úfYaI

fya;=jla ;sfnkjd' tkï tys§

hdkh wk;=rg ,la ùug we;s bv

wju ùu hs' l÷ m¾j; jeks ndOl

fï m%foaYfha t;rï yuq fkdjk

nj hs jd¾;d fjkafka' zúl%ïZ iy

zm%×kaZ ls%hd lrkafka iQ¾h n,h

wdOdrfhkq hs' fï l,dmh ysre

t<sh fyd¢ka jefgk biõjla ksid

th o hdkdj, ls%hdldß;ajhg ,nd

fokafka úYd, iyfhda.hla'

fï jkúg wNHjldY .fõIKh

i|yd n,j;a rgj,a w;r ;sfnkafka

;r.hla' tys bÈßfhka u isákafka

wefußldj iy Ökh hs' tfy;a

bkaÈhdj;a fõ.fhka bÈßhg tñka

we;s nj hs fmfkkafka' zpkaøhdka-

2Z jHdmD;shg wu;r j ;j;a m%Odk

fmf<a jHdmD;s lsysmhla ms<sn|

Tjqka wjOdkh fhduq lr we;s

nj mejfikjd' miq.sh Þ fï

ms<sn|j udOH yuqfõ wkdjrKh

lf<a bkaÈhdkq wNHjldY .fõIK

wdh;kfha m%Odkshd jk fla'

isjka' jir 2022 jkúg ñksil=

wNHjldYhg heùug mjd bkaÈhdj

iQÞkñka isák nj i|yka' tu

iu;alu o fï jk úg lr we;af;a

weußldj" fidaúhÜ reishdj iy

Ökh muK hs' fidaúhÜ reishdj

fjdiafgdla-1 hdkfhka 1961 wfm%a,a

udifha m<uq jrg ñksil= ^hQß

..dßka& wNHjldYhg hejQ w;r

weußldj o tu jif¾ u uehs 5 jeks

Èk fï iu;alu l<d' wNHjldYhg

.sh m<uq weußldkqjd jQfha we,ka

fIm¾â' Ökh uq,a jrg ñksil=

wNHjldYhg heõfõ 2003 jif¾ hs'

Tyq hex.a ,sfõ' bkaÈhdj ñksil=

wNHjldYhg heùfï jHdmD;sh

fjkqfjka bkaÈhdkq remsh,a fldaá

10"000 l uqo,la fjka lr we;s nj hs

jd¾;d jkafka' fï jHdmD;sh kï

lr we;af;a z..kahdkaZ hkqfjka'

wNHjldY

mÍCIKd.drhla Wvq

.=jfka /|ùu bkaÈhdj

wNHjldY .fõIK

fCIa;%fha w;am;a lr

.ekSug wfmaCId lrk

;j;a ch.%yKhla' fï

jkúg mDÓúh jgd .uka

lrñka ;sfnk cd;Hka;r

wNHjldY uOHia:dkh

(International Space Station) tjeks

m¾fhaIKd.drhla' th

weußldj we;=¿ rgj,a

lsysmhl iyfhda.s;dfjkq

hs ls%hd;aul jkafka'

bkaÈhdj iQÞkï

jkafka ;udf.a u

jQ wNHjldY mÍCIKd.drhla

wNHjldYfha /|ùug hs' bÈß

jir y; ;=< fï mÍCIKd.drh

bÈ lr wjika lsÍug Tjqka

n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk nj mejfikjd'

fï wkqj wfma ióm u wi,ajeishd

jk bkaÈhdj o jeä l,a fkdf.diau

wNHjldY n,jf;l= njg m;ajkq

we;s'

ksyd,a mSßia

fï jkúg wNHjldY .fõIKh i|yd

n,j;a rgj,a w;r ;sfnkafka ;r.hla' tys

bÈßfhka u isákafka wefußldj iy Ökh hs' tfy;a bkaÈhdj;a

fõ.fhka bÈßhg tñka we;s nj hs fmfkkafka' zpkaøhdka-2Z jHdmD;shg wu;r j ;j;a m%Odk

fmf<a jHdmD;s lsysmhla ms<sn| Tjqka wjOdkh

fhduq lr we;s nj mejfikjd'

foi;sh 2019 cQ,s 0112

ljrfha l;djljrfha l;dj

u;ska f;dr rgla ks¾udKh

ùu hkq ixj¾Okfha ;j;a

tla udkhla nj f,dj u ms<s.;a

ldrKhla' fï ksid u;aøjH

Wjÿßka ±ä f,i neglk rgla

f,i Y%S ,xldjg o tu wNsfhda.h

ch .ekSug úYd, mßY%uhla ±Íug

hs isÿ j ;sfnkafka' jßka jr

n,hg m;a jQ rch úiska fï i|yd

úúO úi÷ï bÈßm;a lrñka u;aøjH

ksjdrKh i`oyd lghq;= l<

wdldrh b;sydih msßiaikakl=g

fyd¢ka wjfndaO lr .; yels hs'

flfia fj;;a j;auka rdcH

kdhlhd jk ckdêm;s;=uka fï

i|yd ,nd § ;sfnk m%uqL;dj

meyeÈ,s f,i fmkS hkafka

zu;aøjH ksjdrKh ms<sn| ld¾h

idOl n,ldhlaZo msysgqjñka tA

i|yd wjYH mQ¾K rdcH ueÈy;aùu

,nd § ;sfnk ksid' fï ld¾h

idOl n,ldfha m%Odk j.lSu

jkafka tys ;SrK l%shd;aul

lsÍu yd u;aøjH ksjdrKhg wÞ<

rdcH yd rdcH fkdjk wdh;k

iïnkaëlrKh lrñka zu;ska

ksoyia rglaZ jevms<sfj< l%shd;aul

lsÍu hs'

tys§ fï iïnkaOfhka f.dvkeÕS

we;s iudc u;h jkafka ksrka;rfhka

u; ÿr,d ks;s iekfiuqu;aøjH Ndú;

fkdlrkakl=" u;g

f.dÿre j th m%sh;dfjka

hq;= j iy i;=g f.kfok

fohla f,i i,ld Ndú;d

lrkakka foi n,d

isákafka ;uka o bv ,o

úg th w;ayodne,sh hq;= h

hk is;=ú,af,ka úh yels

hs' ;reK úfha§ fndfyda

fokd is;Sug fm<fUkafka

u;aøjH Ndú;h ;Dma;sh

f.k fokakla f,i'

wmf.a m<uq wruqK fï

is;=ú,a, ì| oeóu hs'

13 foi;sh2019 cQ,s 01

isÿ jk kS;súfrdaë u;aøjH jeg,Sï

yd w;awvx.=jg .ekSï uÕska

u;aøjH ksjdrKh i|yd lghq;=

flfrk nj' tu lreK jvd;a

;yjqre jkafka Èjhsfka kka

foiska Èkm;d u;aøjH jeg,Sï

yd w;awvx.=jg .ekSï isÿ jqj o

tys wvqjla fkdjkafka uka± hs

iudch m%Yak lrk neúka' fï

jerÈ wjfndaOh ksid ksrka;rfhka

rch fj; weÕs,a, È.= jk wjia:d

o ke;sjd u fkdfj hs' fï ksid

u;aøjH Wjÿr iudcfhka ;=rka

lsÍfï§ u;aøjH md,kh" ksjdrKh

yd mqkre;a:dmkh hk wxY ;=k

hgf;a u lghq;= flfrk nj

iy lghq;= l< hq;= nj iudch

±kqj;a lsÍfï wjYH;djla o u;q ù

;sfnkjd'

tA wkqj hs cqks ui 23 isg

cQ,s ui 01 olajd cd;sl u;aøjH

ksjdrK i;shla m%ldYhg m;a

lrñka tA i|yd lghq;= flrefKa'

fï i|yd wka;rdhlr T!IO

md,l cd;sl uKav,h" ÿïfld<

yd uµidr ms<sn`o cd;sl wêldßh"

fmd,sia u;aøjH ld¾hdxYh"

mqkre;a:dmk flduidßia ckrd,a

ld¾hdxYh" m%cd mdol úfYdaOk

fomd¾;fïka;=j" Y%S ,xld iqrd nÿ

fomd¾;fïka;=j jeks wdh;k fuka

u fm!oa.,sl wdh;k" iafõÉPd

ixúOdk" rdcH fkdjk wdh;k"

wd.ñl wdh;k iy úúO mqoa.,hka

tAldnoaO m%fõYhlska lghq;= lsÍu

b;d iqúfYaI hs' u;aøjH md,kh"

ksjdrKh yd mqkre;a:dmkh hgf;a

m%Odk ldrKd ;=kla wruqKq lr

.ksñkq hs tys§ l%shd;aul jqfKa'

tA" u;aøjHj,g weíneys ù kS;shg

fldgq ù o~qjï ,nk 11000lg

wêl msßi mqkre;a:dmkh lsÍu"

kS;shg yiq fkdjqKq u;aøjH Ndú;d

lrk ,laIhlg wdikak msßi thska

uqojd,Su fuka u ;reK mrmqr

u;aøjH Wjÿßka fírd .ekSu hs'

u;aøjH ksjdrK i;sh ;=<§

jeä jYfhka meje;ajqfKa u;aøjH

Ndú;fhys wd§k j ms<sn| ±kqj;a

lsÍï' mdi,a yd úYajúoHd, isiqka

iy wfkl=;a m%cd lKavdhï ±kqj;a

lsßug u;aøjH iïnkaOfhka

lghq;= lrk úúO wdh;k fuka

u ckudOH o tla j isáhd'

wka;rdhlr T!IO md,l cd;sl

uKav,fha ksjdrl wOHdmk yd

mqyqKqq wxYfha iyldr wOHlaI m%§ma

l=udr fldfyd,dkf.or mjikafka

±kqj;a lsÍu iu`.ska bka Tíng

.sh È.=ld,Sk jevigyka /ila

fï i`oyd wjYH nj' ;jÿrg;a

ta ms<sn`o woyia olajk Tyq(

— u;aøjH Ndú; fkdlrkakl="

u;g f.dÿre j th m%sh;dfjka

hq;= j iy i;=g f.kfok fohla

f,i i,ld Ndú;d lrkakka

foi n,d isákafka ;uka o bv

,o úg th w;ayodne,sh hq;= h

hk is;=ú,af,ka úh yels hs '

;reK úfha§ fndfyd a fokd

is;Sug fm<fUkafka u;aøjH

Ndú;h ;Dma;sh f.k fokakla

f,i' wmf.a m<uq wruqK fï

is;=ú,a, ì| oeóu hs'˜ fï

w;r wka;rdhlr T!IO md,l

cd;sl uKav,h úiska 1984

wxlh y÷kajd § ;sfnkafka

u;aøjH iïnkaOfhka jQ .eg¨

wef;d;a tAjd ksrdlrKh lr

.ekSfï myiqj uyck;djg

,nd §ug hs'

Y%S ,xldfõ ÿïmdkh .;a úg

th 15]lg jvd wvq uÜgul hs

mj;skafka' úfYaIfhka mdi,a

<uhska w¨;ska ÿïmdkh i`oyd

fhduqùfï wvq m%jK;djla

fmkajk nj hs ÿïfld< yd

uoHidr ms<sn`o cd;sl wêldßfha

iNdm;s ffjoH md,s; wfífldaka

i`oyka lrkafka' ÿïmdkhg

yd u;ameka i`oyd ±ä f,i

weíneys jkakka bka .,jd

.ekSug kS;suh miqìu ieliSu

hs ÿïfld< yd uoHidr ms<sn`o

cd;sl wêldßfha j.lSu'

ÿïfld< wdY%s; ksIamdok Ndú;

lsÍug we;s leue;a; ÿre

lsÍug;a ta i`oyd f.dvkef`.k

mßirh fjkia lsÍug;a hym;a

uÜgfï n,mEula isÿ lsÍug tu

kS;s u`.ska yelshdj ,eî we;s nj;a

iNdm;sjrhd mjikjd' 2006 wxl

27 ork ÿïfld< yd uoHidr ms<sn`o

cd;sl wêldß mk; wkqj tu

ksIamdok fnod yeÍu yd úlsŒu;a

;ykï' fï ms<sn`o m%pdrKh;a

kS;suh jrola jk w;r jrolrejka

w;awvx.=jg .ekSu iïnkaOfhka

o tys ;sfnkafka kS;suh m%;smdok'

ÿïmdkh iy ÿïfld< wdY%s;

ksIamdokj,ska je<lS isàug wjYH

mqoa.,hkag fkdñf,a Wmfoia iy

iydh ,nd .ekSug 1948 wxlh o

,nd § ;sfnkjd'

foi;sh 2019 cQ,s 0114

f.da,Sh ;;a;ajh

zu;aøjH Ndú;h yd kS;s úfrdaë

m%jdykhg tfrys cd;Hka;r ÈkhZ

cqks ui 26 jeks Èkg fh§ ;sîu;a

b;d jeo.;a' zhqla;shg fi!LHh-

fi!LHhg hqla;shZ fujr tys

f;audj hs' fujeks Èkhla m%ldYhg

m;a jQfha 1987 jif¾ ðkSjd kqjr

meje;s iuq¿jla i`oyd f.k wd

fhdackdjlg wkqj jk w;r 1989

jif¾ isg hs th ieufrkafka'

fï ksid uoHidr" ÿïfld< yd

kS;súfrdaë u;aøjH Ndú;h ;=rka

lsÍug iEu rgla u W;aidy

orkafka cd;Hka;r iïuq;sj,g o

t<öfuka tluq;=j tu wNsfhda.h

ch .ekSug'

u;aøjH ms<sn`o ;ks iïuq;sh

^1961 Convention on Drug Abuse&" ufkdaÑls;ail øjH ms<sn`o iïuq;sh

^1971 Convention on psychiatry &" u;aøjH iy ufkdaÑls;ail øjHj,

kS;súfrdaë .ukd.ukhg tfrys

tlai;a cd;Skaf.a iïuq;sh ^1988

United Nations Convention Against Ilegal Trafficking in Drugs And Psychotropic Sabstances & 2003 f,dal fi!LH ixúOdkfha ÿïfld<

md,kh ms<sn`o kS;suh rduqj ^WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control& jeks iïuq;s lf,l

isg fï i`oyd f.k ;sfnkafka

mshjr /ila' u;aøjH iy wmrdO

ms<ssn`o tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ld¾hd,h

(United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime)" id¾la rgj, u;aøjH

md,kh iïnkaOfhka fidhd n,k

ixúOdkh (SAARC Drug Offences Monitoring Desk) jeks wdh;k o

fï i`oyd iyfhda.h olajkjd'

uoHidr" ÿïfld< fuka u kS;s

úfrdaë u;aøjH f,i ie,flk

fyfrdhsx" .xcd" yIsIa" fldflaka"

fu;f*guhska" ufkdaj¾:l

u;aøjH mqoa.,hl= ldhsl yd

udkisl jYfhka msßySug m;a lrk

nj fndfyda fokl= fkdokakjd u

fkdfj hs' we;ul= fuys we;s wd§k

j ±k ±k u hs fïjdg weíneys

fjkafka' f,dal fi!LH ixúOdkh

úiska 2018 jif¾ ksl=;a lrk

,o u;ameka iy fi!LHh ms<sn|

f.da,Sh ;;a;aj jd¾;djg wkqj 2016

jif¾ ñ,shk 3lg wêl msßila

ñh f.dia we;af;a ydkslr u;ameka

Ndú;h fya;=fjka' th f,dalfha

urKj,ska 1$20 la jk w;r tu

urKj,ska 3$4la msßñ md¾Yajh

ksfhdackh lrk nj hs tys i|yk'

tkï frda. w;ßka 5]lg jvd

ysñlï lshkafka ydkslr u;ameka

Ndú;h hs'

fï fya;=fjka r:jdyk wk;=re

ksid ñh hdï" m%pKav;ajh"

udkisl fi!LH .eg¨ fuka u

ms<sld jeks frda. jeä jYfhka

jd¾;d jkafka by< wdÞhï

,nk rgj, nj hs tu f.da,Sh

jd¾;dj wkdjrKh lrkafka'

tfia u ì,shk 2'3la u;ameka îug

weíneysjQjka jk úg f,dj mqrd 15

- 19;a w;r <uhskaf.ka 27]la tjeks

weíneysjQjka ùu msgqmi ;sfnkafka

;j;a tla fÄokSh l;djla'

ÿïjeá ksid f,dalfha ñ,shk

7la jirlg ñh hkjd' Y%S ,xldfõ

ÿïjeá ksid ñh hk m%udKh

20000la' 890"000la ñh hkafka wl%sh

ÿïmdkh ksid' tfia u u;aøjH

ksid jirlg Y%S ,xldfõ 23000la

ñhhdu;a wjOdkhg ,laúh hq;=

;;a;ajhla'

m%;sldr yd mqkre;a;dmkh

u;aøjH md,kh yd

ksjdrKh hk ldrKd fuka

u l< hq;= wfkla jeo.;a

ld¾hh jkafka u;aøjH i|yd

weíneysjQjkag m%;sldr ,nd §u iy

mqkre;a:dmkhg fhduq lsÍu' fï

i|yd lghq;= lrkafka wdh;k

/ila iu`.ska fï lafIa;%fha ksmqK

jD;a;slhka' ta w;r mqkre;a:dmk

flduidßia ckrd,a ld¾hdxYh"

fmd,sia u;aøjH ld¾hdxYh"

u;aøjHj,g weíneysjQjka

mqkre;a:dmkh i|yd jQ cd;sl

wêldßh fï ld¾hh i`oyd tla j

isákjd' mqkre;a:dmk flduidßia

ckrd,a ld¾hdxYh hgf;a we;s

lkaoldvq m%;sldr yd mqkre;a:dmk

uOHia:dkfha§;a je,slkao fiakmqr

;D;Shl yd jD;a;Sh idlaIr;d

mqyqKq uOHia:dkfha§;a fï

lghq;= isÿ jkafka rgg jevodhS

yd M,odhS udkj iïm;la ìys

lsÍfï wruqKska' ta wkqj jirl

15 foi;sh2019 cQ,s 01

mqyqKqq ld,hl= hs Tjqka fj; ,nd

fokafka' u;aøjHj,g weíneys jk

ish¨ mqoa.,hka fï i`oyd fhduq

flfrkafka keye'

mqkre;a:dmk flduidßia

ckrd,a ld¾hdxYfha wOHlaI

fïc¾ ckrd,a wd¾' tï' fÊ' ta

r;akdhl mjik wdldrhg u;aøjH

cdjdrfuys fhfokakka w;awvx.=jg

.ekSï fuka u mqkre;a:dmkhg

fhduq flfrk m%udKh jißka

jir jeä ù ;sfnkjd' ta ms<sn`o

;jÿrg;a woyia olajk Tyq( —

mqkre;a:dmkh i`oyd fhduq jk

msßfika jeä m%udKhla ksfhdackh

lrkafka niakysr m<df;ka' miq.

sh j¾Ih ;=< fld<U Èia;%slalfha

mqkre;a:dmkh lr iudc.; l<

msßi 1200la' fï jk úg f,dalfha

lsisÿ rgla 100]la u mqkre;a:dmkh

lsÍug iu;a ù keye' fld<U

Èia;%slalfhka 45]-50];a w;r

m%udKhla mqkre;a:dmkh i`oyd

fhduq flfrkafka Èia;%slalh ;=<

mj;sk ;odikak nj fya;=fjka'

tfy;a miq.sh jir ;=< 60]-70];a

m%udKhla .%dóh j mqkre;a:dmkhg

,la flreKd'˜ fï jk úg t,a'

à' à' B' idudðlhka 12191l o

mqkre;a:dmkh lr W;=re kef`.

kysr m%foaYj, kej; mÈxÑ lr

wjika nj;a Tyq ;jÿrg;a fmkajd

ÿka lreKla'

fï w;r fmd,sia u;aøjH

ld¾hdxYh o u;aøjH i`oyd

weíneysjQjka mqkre;a:dmkhg

fhduq lsÍfï jevms<sfj<la Èh;a

lr ;sfnkafka u;aøjH ksjdrK

udih fjkqfjka' cqks ui 09 isg

cQ,s ui 08 jeks od olajd l%shd;aul

ld,h ;=< Èjhsk mqrd msysá m%cd

fmd,sia lñgq ;=< msysgqjd we;s

u;aøjH ksjdrK wkqlñgq uÕska

u;aøjHj,g weíneysjQjka y÷kd

.kakd w;r Tjqka mqkre;a:dmkh

i|yd fhduq flfrkafka 2007 wxl

54 ork u;aøjHj,g weíneysjQjka

mqkre;a:dmk iy m%;sldr i|yd

fhduq lsÍfï mk; uÕska' .%dóh

uÜgfï m%cd lKavdhï u;aøjHj,g

weíneysjQjka yd cdjdrïlrejka

y÷kd .ekSug tlajk ksid;a tu

u;aøjHj,g weíneysjQjka isák

mjq,aj, idudðlhka o ±kqj;a

lsÍug fuys§ lghq;= flfrk

ksid;a fï ld¾hh id¾:l mshjrla

f,i hs ie,lsh yelafla'

óg udi 3lg muK fmr

msysgjkq ,enQ cd;sl mqkre;a:dmk

wêldßh;a fï lghq;= úêu;a j

mj;ajdf.k hdug bÈßfha§ lghq;=

ie,iqï lrk nj hs tys lñgq

idudðl iuka; ls;,jwdrÉÑ

i|yka lf<A' m%cd mdol úfYdaOk

fomd¾;fïka;=j fï i|yd

tla jkafka u;aøjH iïnkaO

jrolrejka jQ m%cd úfYdaOk

wd×,dNSka úfYdaOkh lsÍfï

úfYaI jHdmD;sh wrUñka' tys§

wNsfm%arKd;aul u;a ksjdrK

WmfoaYkh hgf;a u;a ksjdrK

idhksl fyda fkajdisl m%;sldr

i|yd Tjqka fhduq lrk nj hs m%cd

mdol úfYdaOk fomd¾;fïka;=fõ

flduidßia wd¾' m’ tia' iuka

l=udß fmkajd fokafka' 2017 jif¾

wrUk ,o tu jHdmD;sfha udi

6l ld,hla ;=< 76]l m%.;shla

bka ,enQ nj hs wehf.a i|yk' tA

wkqj u;aøjH iïnkaOfhka jk

iq¿ jerÈlrejka nkaOkd.dr.;

lsÍfï§ we;s jk wêl ;onoh

uÕyrjd .ekSug;a ñka ,efnkafka

jeä bvla'

o~qjï yd úu¾Yk lghq;=

u;aøjH iïnkaOfhka kS;sh

l%shd;aul lsÍfï§ 1984 wxl 13

ork úIj¾." wìx yd wka;rdÞhl

T!IO j¾. ixfYdaOk mk; yd

udol T!IO ms<sn`o mk;" iqrd

nÿ wd{d mk;" ÿïfld< nÿ

mk;" wka;rdhlr T!IO mk;

ÿïjeá ksid f,dalfha

ñ,shk 7la jirlg

ñh hkjd' Y%S ,xldfõ

ÿïjeá ksid ñh hk

m%udKh 20000la'

890"000la ñh hkafka

wl%sh ÿïmdkh ksid'

u;aøjH ksid jirlg

Y%S ,xldfõ 23000la

ñh hkjd'

foi;sh 2019 cQ,s 0116

hgf;a fï i`oyd kS;suh m%;smdok

i,id ;sfnkjd' Y%S ,xld iqrdnÿ

fomd¾;fïka;=j fuys§ lghq;=

lrkafka iudc iqrlaIs;;dj

hgf;a hs' iqrdnÿ fomd¾;fïka;=j

iqrdnÿ jeg,Sï ia:dk 58la ;=<

fï i`oyd lghq;= lrñka isák

nj ksfhdacH iqrdnÿ flduidßia

^kS;sh l%shd;aul lrk& lms,

l=udrisxy mjikjd' 2018 jif¾

Y%S ,xld iqrd nÿ fomd¾;fïka;=j

u`.ska u;aøjH iïnkaO w;awvx.=jg

.ekSï .;a úg fldflaka iïnkaO

212la" lxid iïnkaO 3616la"

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kj u;aøjH w;awvx.=jg .ekSfï§

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mqfrda.dó ld¾hhla o isÿ lr

;sfnkjd'

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wOHlaI fcHIaG fmd,sia wêldÍ

à' iS' ta' Okmd, i`oyka

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iïnkaOfhka w;awvx.=jg .;a

mqoa.,hl= meh 24la muK hs r`ojd

.; yelafla' úu¾Yk lghq;= i`oyd

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wka;rdÞhl T!IO j¾. ixfYdaê;

mk; wkqj úu¾Yk lghq;= i`oyd

fldÜGdi ndr fmd,sia wêldß fyda

tA iudk fkdjk ks,Odßhl=g

ufyaia;%d;af.ka b,a,Sula l<

yels hs Èk 7la r`ojd ;ndf.k

m%Yak lsÍug' tfia u rlaIs;

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ksfhda.hla u; m%Yak lsÍug;a

;sfnkafka yelshdjla'

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fyda Bg jeäkï" fuda*Ska .a?ï

3la fyda Bg jeäkï" ´mshï .a?ï

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olajd isr o`vqjï fyda urK o`vqjï

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dr.; jQjkaf.ka 60]la u;aøjH

jerÈj,g hs isr.; ù isákafka'

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,nd fok wksjd¾h fkdjk

isro`vqjula jir follg jvd wvq

kï fyda w;aysgjQ isr o`vqjula

fyda ovhla fjkqjg m%cd mdol

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úksiqreg ;sfnkafka yelshdjla'

ufyaia;%d;a wêlrKj,g fuka

u uydêlrKj,g fï ksfhda.

n,d;aul lsÍfï yelshdj ;sfnkjd'

m%cd mdol úfYdaOk

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bÈß l%shdud¾.

u;aøjH f,dalfhka ;=rka lsÍfï

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rgj,a urK o`vqju l%shdjg kxjk

nj wm okakd lreKla' weußldj"

Ökh" mdlsia;dkh" ijqÈ wrdìhd"

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jeks rgj,a ±kgu;a th l%shd;aul

lrkjd' ta wkqj 2018 jif¾§

wju jYfhka rgj,a 21la urK

o`vqju l%shd;aul lr we;s njg

hs f;dr;=re wkdjrKh jkafka'

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±ä l;dnyla f.dvke`.S ;sfnkafka

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mekúh hq;af;a ±ä kS;s Í;s'

fï ksid u;aøjH Wjÿr ráka

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kï fujeks Rcq ;SrK .ekSu

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.ekSug kùk ;dlaI‚l WmlrK

f.kaùug o rch wfmalaId lrkjd'

tfia u u;aøjH cdjdru ue~,Sug

cd;Hka;r iydh ,nd .ekSug

wfmalaId lsÍu;a ie,lsh yelafla tA

i|yd ;sfnk ±ä wjYH;dj'

fï wkqj iudch mßydksh lrd

.uka lrjk u;aøjH j¾;udkfha

<ud yd ;reK mrmqr .s, .;a

úg rfÜ wkd.;h fln÷ fõ

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m%n, wNsfhda.hla' wfkla w;g

u;aøjH Ndú;h fya;=fjka msßyqKq

ldhsl yd udkisl ;;a;ajhlska

fmf<k ck;djla isák úg

rgl ixj¾Okhg th ±ä j

n,mdk w;r rgg jkafka nrla'

fï ksid f,dalh u uqyqK fok

fï .eg¨jg úi÷ï fiùug

kï rgla" rchla" wdh;khla"

mqoa.,fhla jYfhka fn§ fjka ù

fkdj lghq;= l< hq;af;a iduQysl

j' tA wruqK ch .ekSug kï

kS;súfrdaë u;aøjH Ndú;fhka

rg u uqojd .ekSug wm wo ojfia

isg u fm< .eiSu wjYH hs'

fï ksid f.jqKq cd;sl u;aøjH

ksjdrK i;sfha§ jvd ±kqj;a

iudchla f.dvkeÕSfuka wm ,nd

.;a fï m%fõYh jvd;a M,ÞhS

jkafka th Ndú;hg f.k zu;ska

ksoyia rglaZ f.dvkeÕSug wmf.a

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hq;=lu yd j.lSu bgq l<fyd;a

muK hs'

ud,d u,aldka;s mrK.uf.a

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l%shd;aul jk u;aøjH ksjdrK ckdêm;s ld¾h idOk n,ldh

hs u;a Wjÿr ráka ;=rka lsÍfï cd;sl l¾;jHh ;=< uQ,sl;ajh f.k

lghq;= lrkafka' tys kdhl;ajh yd iDcq wëlaIKh hgf;a Èjhsk u

wdjrKh jk mßÈ u;aøjH

ksjdrK jevigyka id¾:l

j l%shd;aul jkafka m%;sm;a;s"

kS;s iïmdokh yd l%shd;aul

lsÍu fuka u ksjdrKh"

m%;sldr yd mqkre;a:dmkh

hk mshjr Tiafia hs'

tys§ cqks ui 23 jeks Èk

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m%ldYhg m;a flreKq cd;sl

u;aøjH ksjdrK i;sh ;=<

l%shd;aul lf<a jevigyka

/ila' ta" fï jk úg;a rg ;=< l%shd;aul flfrk cd;sl u;aøjH

ksjdrK jevigyka ;j ;j;a Yla;su;a lsÍfï wruq‚ka'

fuys§ m%uqL;dj ,ndÿkafka Y%S ,xldj ;=< u;aøjH i|yd we;s b,a¨u

wju lsÍug;a u;aøjH iemhqu wvd, lsÍug;a wjYH mshjr .ekSug

hs' u;aøjH Ndú;hg weíneys ù isák fndfyda msßila läkñka

mqkre;a:dmkh i|yd fhduq lsÍfï jevigykla o l%shd;aul lf<a

túg u;aøjH cdjdrïlrejkayg mdßfNda.slhka fidhd .ekSfï bvlv

wyqrd,sh yels neúka'

fï cd;sl u;aøjH ksjdrK jevigyfka ìï uÜgfï isg cd;sl

uÜgu olajd isria yd ;sria iïnkaO;dj iy;sl lrñka taldnoaO

u;a ksjdrK ld¾h idOkfha m%uqLhd

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jevigyka ieliSu" l%shd;aul

lsÍu yd miq úmru isÿ lrkafka

fï ckdêm;s ld¾hh idOk

n,ldh hs' fï i|yd fjka

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tfuka u rdcH yd rdcH

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uÕska u;aøjH ksjdrK lghq;=j,§

oekqj;a ùu úêu;a lsÍug o

u;aøjH ksjdrK ckdêm;s

ld¾h idOk n,ldh isÿ lrk

ld¾hNdrh iqúfYaI hs' fï ms<sn|

m%pdrK lghq;=j,§ o olajkafka

by< odhl;ajhla'

fï whqßka zu;ska ksoyia Y%S

,xldjlaz ìys lsÍug wjYH miqìu

ieliSu Tiafia u;aøjH ksjdrK

ckdêm;s ld¾h idOk n,ldfha

wfmalaIdj ish¨ Y%S ,dxlslhkaf.a

fi!LH hymeje;au ÈhqKq lsÍu"

ksIamdok M,odhs;dj jeä lsÍu yd

È<s÷lu msgqoelSu i|yd il%Sh j

Þhl ùu hs'

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lsÍu yd fnodyeÍu

uÕska u;aøjH ksjdrK

lghq;=j,§ oekqj;a ùu

úêu;a lsÍug o u;aøjH

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ld¾h idOk n,ldh

isÿ lrk ld¾hNdrh

iqúfYaI hs'

wka;rdhl T!IO md,l cd;sl

uKav,fha ld¾hh jkafka

u;a Wjÿfrys ne?reï nj iy bka

je<lS isák wkaou ms<sn| m‚úvh

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msßi& u;a Wjÿrg f.dÿre ùfï

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jevigykla l%shd;aul lsÍu tys§ jeo.;a'

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ldxpkd isßj¾Ok

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i|yd fhduq lrùfï wruqK

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l%shd;aul lsÍu tys§ jeo.;a'

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u w;aika ;enQ rgj,a w;ßka tlla jk w;r tu iïuq;shg wkq.; fjñka

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wdh;kh jkafka ÿïfld< yd uoHidr ms<sn| cd;sl wêldßh hs'

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iy uoHidr ksIamdok wf,úh iy mßfNdackh ;lafiare lsÍfuka iy

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jevigyka jeä jYfhka meje;afjkafka tu ;;a;ajh ;jÿrg;a j¾Okh

lr.ekSfï mrud¾:fhka' fuys§ úoHq;a udOHh o fuu l¾;jHhg tla

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foi;sh 2019 cQ,s 0120

ÿïfld< fjf<kaokaf.ka t,a,

jk n,mEï ms<sn| j ÿïfld< yd

uoHidr ms<sn| cd;sl wêldßh

iy fi!LH wud;HxYh tla j miq

úmrula isÿ lsÍu hs'

ñka bÈßhg;a ÿïfld< wdY%s;

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i|yd wLKav j mshjr .ekSug

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ms<sn| m%pdrK isÿ lsÍug fyda

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mkjd ;sfnkafka úêúOdk'

tfia u ÿïîug bvyir we;s

ia:dk wju lsÍu o wruqKla' 2006

wxl 27 ork ÿïfld< yd uoHidr

ms<sn| cd;sl wêldÍ mk;g

wkql+, j jrola f,i ie,flk

lreKla iïnkaOfhka mqoa.,hka

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l%shd;aul lsÍu;a ÿïfld< ksIamdok iy uoHidr ksIamdok wf,úh iy mßfNdackh ;lafiare

lsÍfuka iy iólaIKh lsÍfuka ÿïfld< iy

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hs' md,kh lrk ,o u;aøjH yd

;ykï u;øjH f,i fuh fohdldr

fjkjd' th mshjr 4la Tiafia hs

l%shd;aul jkafka' fuysoS m<uq jeks

mshjr f,i je<elaùu hgf;a isÿ

jkafka fuf;la weíneys ù ke;s

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we;s msßia y÷kdf.k Tjqka thska

uqojd,Su hs' fuys b,lal.;

msßi jkafka jhi wjqreÿ 16-

18;a w;r ;reK msßi hs' u;aøjH

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fojeks mshjr hs' wêlrK l%shdud¾.

iy u;aøjHj,g weíneysjQjka

mqkre;a;dmkh i|yd fhduq lsÍu

isõjeks mshjr hs' th isÿ lrkafka

2007 wxl 54 ork u;aøjHj,g

weíneysjQjka mqkre;a:dmk iy

m%;sldr i|yd fhduq lsÍfï mk;

uÕska'

fï mshjr l%shd;aul lsÍu

Tiafia wfmalaId lrkafka u;aøjH

jeg,Sï yd taldnoaO fufyhqï id¾:lhs

21 foi;sh2019 cQ,s 01

i|yd b,a¨u wvd, lsÍu iy

u;aøjH iemhqu wvd, lsÍu

hs' fyfrdhska i`oyd hs jeä u

weíneysjQjka jd¾;d jkafka' ta"

70000la muK' flfia fj;;a

,xldfõ .xcd we;=¿ úI u;aøjH

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2]la muK hs' ldka;djkaf.a

Ndú;h wvq m%udKhl mej;Su hs

thg fya;=j' Y%S ,xldfõ jeä u

weíneysùu isÿ ù we;af;a is./Ü

yd .xcdj,ska' is./Üj, úI ridhk

2000la muK we;s w;r bka 69la

ms<sldldrl nj iólaIKj,ska

fidhdf.k ;sfnkjd' mdi,a úIh

ud,dfõ fï ms<sn`o wjOdkh

fhduq fkdlsÍu wvqjla' fï ksid

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mdi,aj, ±kqj;a lsÍug i;shg tla

ld, mßÉfþohla b,a,d ;sfnkjd'

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pl%f,aL folla u`.ska tu udih

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tla pl%f,aLkhla hgf;a úI

u;aøjH iïnkaOfhka jeg,Sï

iy taldnoaO fufyhqï isÿ lrk

w;r ta ms<sn`o i;s jd¾;d ,nd

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ms<sn`o ±kqj;a lsÍfï jevigyka

iy udOH Tiafia m%pdrK lghq;=

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olajd i;sh ;=< muKla úIu;aøjH

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bka 1347la fyfrdhska' flfia

fj;;a fmr jir lsysmh yd

ii`ok úg w;awvx.=jg .ekSï jeä

jqj o Ndú;fha olakg ,efnkafka

wvqjla' wfkla pl%f,aLh u`.ska

isÿ jkafka mqkre;a:dmk l%shdj,sh

hs' wm isÿ lrkafka fï i`oyd

fhduq lsÍu muK hs' jirlg

u;g wenaneysjQjka 5000la

mqkre;a:dmkh fjkjd' tfy;a

myiqlï m%udKj;a keye' fï ksid

u;aøjH ksjdrK udih fjkqfjka

m%cd fmd,sia lñgq 14068 ;=<

msysgqjd ;sfnk u;aøjH ksjdrK

wkqlñgqjg mejÍ ;sfnkafka

iqúfYaI ldrhNdrhla' tys§ .%du

ks,Odßka" m%cd úfYdaOk ks,Odßka"

;reK fiajd ks,Odßka" iafõÉPd

ixúOdk l%shdldßlhka" l%Svd

ks,Odßska" .%dóh m%cd fmd,sia lñgq

iNdm;sjre" wkqlñgq idudðlhka

we;=¿ lKavdhï 12la Bg tla j

;sfnkjd'

u;aøjH i`oyd weíneysjQjka

iy cdjdrïlrejka ms<ssn`o

f;dr;=re ,nd §u" ±kqj;a lsÍï

2007 wxl 54 ork mk; wkqj

fmd,sish iu`. tla j lghq;=

lsÍu Tjqka fj; mejfrk

ld¾hhka' fuys§ mqkre;a:dmkhg

fhduq lsÍu i`oyd ffjµ jd¾;d

iu`. tu mqoa.,hka bÈßm;a

l< hq;= hs' fï wkqj m%;sldr

iy mqkre;a:dmk l%shdj,sh

fï Tiafia isÿ fjkjd' th isÿ

ù o hkak miqúmrï lsÍu;a

b;d jeo.;a' tu`.ska ;jÿrg;a

mqkre;a:dmkh úh hq;= wh y`ÿkd

.efkkjd' m<uq jrg isÿ flfrk

fï jevigyfka§ weíneysjQjkaf.a

mjq,aj, idudðlhka o ±kqj;a

lsÍug ufkdaffjµ WmfoaYk

ks,Odßka iïnkaO lr .ekSu;a

úfYaI;ajhla' fuys§ lKavdhï

3la y`ÿkd .efkkjd' ta" ffjµ

m%;sldr ,nd Èh hq;= lKavdhï"

ufkda ffjµ m%;sldr ,nd Èh hq;=

wh muKla iy WmfoaYkfhka

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hkqfjka' 100]la fkdj tu`.ska

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.<jd .; yels hs'

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jevigyka i`oyd Tjqka fhduq

flfrk w;r miqúmrfuka

miq iajhx /lshd i`oyd

fhduq lsÍu;a wm isÿ lsÍug

wfmalaIs; ld¾hhla' tfuka u

fm!oa.,sl iy rdch wdh;k

iu`. tl`.;d we;s lrf.k

;sfnkafka mqkre;a:dmkfhka

miq Tjqka i`oyd /lshd wjia:d

,nd §ug'

à' iS' ta' Okmd,fcHIaG fmd,sia wêldÍ

wOHlaIfmd,sia u;aøjH ld¾hdxYh

ud,d u,aldka;s mrK.uf.a

fï i`oyd fhduq lsÍu

muK hs' jirlg u;g

wenaneysjQjka 5000la

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tfy;a myiqlï

m%udKj;a keye' fï

ksid u;aøjH ksjdrK

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mqkre;a:dmk flduidßia

ckrd,a ld¾hdxYh hgf;a

fmdf<dkakrej lkaoldvq yd

fiakmqr mqkre;a:dmk uOHia:dk

l%shd;aul hs' fï uOHia:dkj,

u;aøjHj,g weíneys jQ mqoa.,hka

mqkre;a:dmkh lsÍfuka wk;=rej

iudc.; lrkq ,nkafka jirl

ld,hla ;=< jD;a;Sh mqyqKqjla

,ndoSfuka o wk;=rej hs' m<uq

udi 06 ;=< lkaoldvq m%;sldr

yd mqkre;a:dmk uOHia:dkfha§

wdOHd;añl mqkre;a:dmkh

yd fm!reI ixj¾Okh hs

isÿflfrkafka' fojeks udi 06

;=< hs je,slkao fiakmqr ;D;Sh

yd jD;a;Sh mqyqKq uOHia:dkfha§

jD;a;Sh mqyqKqj ,nd fokjd'

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lsÍu wmyiq hs' fï mqoa.,hkaf.a

YÍrh yd mßirh w;r mj;sk

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ryis.; j mekhdug o ;e;alrk

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udú,awdre w;r w¾O ldka;dr

m%foaYh mqkre;a:dmk lghq;= i`oyd

Ndú; lrkafka fï fya;=fjka'

Tjqkaf.a YÍrh udi folla jeks

ld,hla ;=< mj;akd mßirhg

wkqj ixúOdkh úh hq;= hs'

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fhduqlsÍug fmr wdOHd;añl iqj;d

jevigyka jk Ndjkd jevigyka

yd WmfoaYk fiajd i`oyd

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u;aøjH fya;=fjkaa mqkre;a:dmkhg

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lr m%;s,dN ,enQ m%udKh 2017g

idfmalaI j fmkakqï lrkafka

jeäùula' ta w;ßka 2018oS

mqkre;a:dmkhg fhduqjQ msßi

3000la'

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úfYdaOk jHdmD;sh wêlrK

wud;HdxYh hgf;a iaÓr

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fomd¾;fïka;=jla f,i ia:dms;

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fuh ;jÿrg;a jHdma;j Èjhsk

mqrd msysá ufyaia;%d;a wêlrKj,

fï jkúg;a msysgqjd ;sfnkafka

m%dfoaYSh m%cd úfYdaOk ld¾hd,

100la'

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jrolre iu`. idlÉPd lr Tyq;a

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fyda wehg kej; jerÈ lsÍfï

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lrkak wjYH úúO jevigyka

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m%cd mdol úfYdaOkh i`oyd

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lsÍfï úfYaI jHdmD;shZ wdrïN

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j¾Ifha u;aøjH iïnkaOfhka jeäu

jrolrejka m%udKhla yÿkd.;a

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jHdmD;sh wdrïN lrkafka inr.uqj

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lrkq ,enqfõ fï m<d;a ;=fkka u'

ta w;ßka id¾:lj m%cd úfYdaOkh

lr u;ska uqojd.;a msßi 1355la'

wd¾' mS 'tia' iuka l=udß flduidßia

m%cd mdol úfYdaOk fomd¾;fïka;=j

m%cd úfYdaOkhg m%uqL jkafka jrolref.a leue;a; hs

foi;sh 2019 cQ,s 0124

iuia; f,dalfha u m%jK;d

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u iudcSh jYfhka jHdê iy.;

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u;aøjHj, yeisÍu b;du;a u

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fuh jHikfha tla;rd Nhdkl

me;slvla'

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tla;rd u;hla' fujeks ñ:Hdj,g

/jfgk jHikhg ,la jQjka

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f.dÿrla njg m;aùfï m%jK;dj

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fyfrdhska iïnkaO m%cd úfYdaOk

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ufyaIsld Èidkdhl

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hs' tfuka u wdmodjlska miq we;súh

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.kafka u;aøjH iq,n;dj we;s lsÍug

hs' úfYaIfhka u fï m%foaYj,g

u;aøjH we;=¿ùu je<elaùug iy ta

iïnkaOfhka ksjerÈ j yd iQËuj

fidhd ne,Sug wm hqyqiq¿ ùu wjYH

hs' ukao jHikhlska miq úm;g

m;ajQjkag wjYH wdOdr WmlrK"

wdydr mdk" fi!LH myiqlï"

f.dvke.s,s jeks foa mß;Hd. lrkjd

jf.a u fï ixúOdk fndfyduhla

u;aøjH l¾udka; lrejkaf.a

yjq,alrejka f,i Tjqkaf.a m%pdrK

jevlghq;=j, ksr; fjkak mq¿jka'

fndfydu i;aNdjfhka lrkq ,nk

Woõ Wmldrj, há wruqK jkafka

Tjqkaf.a u;aøjH cd,h wLKav j

mj;ajdf.k hdu hs' ta i`oyd rdcH yd

rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk Tiafia Tjqka

l%shd lrkafka fndfydu hqyqiq¿j hs'

úm;g m;a

jQ wjia:djloS

irKla" msysgla

n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk

ksid fï ms<sn`o

j ck;djf.a

wei .efgkafka

keye' wdmodjlska

miq ta m%foaYj,

kS;Hdkql+, j

ÿïjeá" uoHidr

we;=¿ wfkl=;a

u;aøjH úl=Kk

iqrdie,a iy wf,úie,a hïlsis

ld,iSudjla ;=< wksjd¾hfhka u

jid ;eìh hq;= hs' urdf.k uefrk

fndaïnlrejka fndfyda fofkla

u;aøjHj,g weíneys jQjka nj

f,dalfha lrk ,o m¾fhaIK /

ilska Tmamq ù ;sfnkjd' ;%ia;jdoS

l%shdj,g iïnkaOjk jeä

msßila u;aøjH Ndú; lrkafka

W;af;aclhla f,i' fujeks

udkisl úlD;s b;du;a Nhdkl

;;a;ajhka ks¾udKh l< yels hs'

±ä fjfyilska wdrËl wxY úiska

Èh;a lrkq ,nk u;aøjH jeg,Sï

l%shdkaú;h jvd;a m%YxikSh hs' rfÜ

Y%u n,ldh b;du;a iQËu j wvmK

lsÍug uoHidr yd ÿïjeáj,g

mq¿jka' ÿïjeá yd uoHidr Ndú;h

ksid jirlg rgg wysñ jk cSú;

m%udKh 60 -70 g wêl hs'

,xldfõ u;aøjHj,g

weíneysjQjka ,laIhlg wdikak

msßila isák nj fï jk úg;a

;yjqre ù wjika' Tjqkaf.a

u;aøjH b,a¨u wju lsÍu

u;aøjH cdjdru ì`o fy<Sug;a

uy;a rel=,la fjkjd' u;aøjH

cdjdrïlrejkaf.a f.dÿre njg

m;ajQjka mqkre;a:dmkh lr

h<s iudc.; lsÍfï l%ufõoh

l%shdjg kexjqfKa f,dal u;aøjH

ksjdrK Èkh iurk cqks ui

26jeksodg iu.dó j' cqks ui

23 isg cq,s ui 01 jeks od olajd

u;aøjHj,g weíneysjQjka

mqkre;a:dmkh lsÍfï cd;sl

i;shla o m%ldYhg m;a lf<a fï

jHikh ms<sn`o j ck;dj ±kqj;a

lsÍfï wruqKska' u;aøjH i`oyd

weíneysjQjka l`ojqre .;lr iy

iudc .;lr mqkre;a:dmkh

lsÍfï l%ufõoh l%shd;aul lf<a

m<d;a kjhu ksfhdackh jk

mßÈ' u;aøjHj,g weíneysjQjka

ms<sn`o j f;dr;=re okafka kï

Tjqka j mqkre;a:dmkh lsÍfï

l%ufõohg fhduq lsÍug fukau

Tjqka ms<sn`o j jk f;dr;=re

m%cd fmd,sia fldÜGdij,g ,nd

§fï yelshdj;a ´kEu mqoa.,hl=g

;sfnkjd'

fï iïnkaOfhka wog;a wm

rfÜ l%shd;aul ùu lsisfia;a

u m%udKj;a keye' Bg fya;=j

u;aøjH ud*shdj" uoHidr yd

ÿïjeá l¾udka;lrejka úiska

udOH yd foaYmd,{hka Tiafia

fï i;H ñksiqkag ±fkkakg bv

fkd;eîu hs' tu ksid úfYaIfhka

u fï ms<sn| j udOH Tiafia we;s

úh hq;af;a úoaj;a l;sldjla'

inqoaêlhka l%shd;aul úh hq;= hs

foi;sh 2019 cQ,s 0126

w;S;fha isg u YS% ,xldfõ úúO

ixialD;Skag wh;a ckfldgia

jdih l<d' ckjd¾.sl;ajh wkqj

m%Odk ck fldgi jkafka isxy,

m%cdj' fï yer fou<" uqia,sï yd

n¾.¾ hk jd¾.slhka o fuys jdih

lrk w;r Tjqka ye¢kafjkafka

iq`M ckjd¾.slhka f,iska'

fndfyda fokl= okafka furg

jdih lrkqfha fï ckj¾. y;rg

wh;a msßi muKla nj hs' tfy;a

tu ckjd¾.slhka yer ;j;a iq`M

ckjd¾.slhka /ila furg Ôj;a

jk nj cd;sl iycSjkh" ixjdo

yd rdcH NdId wud;HxYh u.ska

uE;l§ m%ldYhg m;a l< zmSm,a T*a

YS% ,xldZ lD;sfha i|yka fjkjd'

tu lD;sh wkqj isxy," YS% ,xld

fou<" uqia,sï fyj;a fhdakl"

bkaÈhdkq iïNjhla iys; fou<"

fld<U fyÜá" YS% ,xld u,hd,ï"

uef,a" ,kafoais n¾.¾" mD;=.%Sis

n¾.¾" Ök" fuuka" uqyqÿ jeoaoka"

YS% ,xld Ndr;" le*¾ fkdfyd;a

ldmsß" ÞjqÈ fndard" wdÈjdiSka"

iskaÈ" wysl=KaÀl yd md¾is hk ck

lKavdhï 19la YS% ,xldfõ jdih

lrkjd'

2012 ck ix.Kkh wkqj

Y%S ,xldfõ iuia; ck.ykh

20"359"439la' ^2017 jk úg fï

ixLHdj 21"016"431la jd¾.sl;ajh

wkqj isxy,hka 15"250"081la fyj;a

m%;sY;hla f,i 74'90]la o YS% ,xld

fou< 2"269"266la fyj;a 11'15]

la o uqia,sï 1"892"638la fyj;a

9'30]o bkaÈhdkq fou< 839"504la

fyj;a 4'12] o uef,a 44"130la

fyj;a 0'22] o" n¾.¾ 38"239la

fyj;a 0'19] o jk w;r fiiq

jd¾.shka ish,a,kaf.a u tl;=j

jkafka 25"527la fyj;a 0'13] la

muK hs'

bkaÈhdkq fou<

isxy," fou< yd uqia,sï ckhdg

wu;r j furg jdih lrk cd;Ska

úúO;ajfha Y%S ,dxflah i,l=K

isxy," fou< yd uqia,sï ckhdg wu;r j furg jdih lrk cd;Ska w;r jeä m%;sY;hla isákafkaa bkaÈhdkq fou< ckhd hs' l÷rg fou< m%cdj f,i ye¢kafjkafka tu msßi hs' fudjqka 1833 jif¾ bx.S%iska úiska furg f;a rn¾ iy fldfldajd j.dj i|yd Y%ñlhka f,i ol=Kq bkaÈhdfjka /f.k wd msßfika mej; tkakka f,i ie,flkjd'

ld,Skld,Sk

27 foi;sh2019 cQ,s 01

w;r jeä m%;sY;hla isákafkaa

bkaÈhdkq fou< ckhd hs' l÷rg

fou< m%cdj f,i ye¢kafjkafka

tu msßi hs' fudjqka 1833 jif¾

bx.S%iska úiska furg f;a rn¾ iy

fldfldajd j.dj i|yd Y%ñlhka

f,i ol=Kq bkaÈhdfjka /f.k

wd msßfika mej; tkakka f,i

ie,flkjd'

fld<U fyÜá

fld<U fyÜá wh;a jkafka

z;k ffjiHZ l=,hg hs' ffjiH

hkafkys wre; l=,Skhd hkak hs'

fyÜá ckhd m%:ufhka YS% ,xldjg

meñK we;af;a úchd.ukh;a

iuÕska nj b;sydi{hkaf.a

u;h hs' wfYdal rcqf.a ìij yd

ñys÷ ysñhkaf.a yd ix>ñ;a;d

fufy‚hf.a uj jQ foaú ìij o

fuu ckj¾.hg wh;a ldka;djla'

fyÜájrekaf.a m%Odk jD;a;sh jQfhaa

fjf<|du hs' bx.S%is md,k iufha

Tjqqka u,nd¾jreka f,io ye¢kajqKq

w;r miqj Tjqka fjk;a ck jd¾.sl

fldgila f,i ms<s.ekSug ,la jqKd'

wo jk úg Tjqkaf.ka jeä fokl=

isxy, yd fou< m%cdj iuÕ ñY% ù

isákjd'

YS% ,xld u,hd,ï

u,hd,s msßia YS% ,xldjg

ixl%uKh ù we;af;a 14 jeks

ishjfia nj hs mejfikafka'

mdKavH" fpda, iy fÉr

rcjrekaf.a l=,S fyajdhka f,i

,xldjg meñK we;s fï msßi h<s

bkaÈhdjg fkdf.dia furg mÈxÑ

ù ;sfnkjd' 19 jeks ishjiska miq

fldams" f;a yd rn¾ j.dj i|yd

wjYH Y%ñlhka f,i o u,hd,s

ckhd fuys f.k wd w;r Tjqka

miqj furg ffjoH" Ydia;%d,Sh"

ÿïßh" rcfha fiajh" fmd,sia

yd jHdmdßl lafIa;%j,g o tla

jQjd' 1945 isg 1967 f;la fld<U

úYdld úoHd,fha úÿy,am;sksh

jQfha o u,hd,s cd;sl iQika fcdaÊ

mq,suqâ uy;añh hs' furg isá m%lg

fya;=jdÈhl= jQ tAn%yï à' fldjq¾

uy;d o u,hd,s cd;slfhla'

u,hd,skaf.ka we;efula isxy,

fn!oaO yd ls%ia;shdks m%cdj yd uqiq

jQ w;r Tjqkaf.a orejka isxy, kï

.ï Ndú;hg fhduq ù isákjd'

uef,ajre

cd ñksiaiq f,i o ye¢kafjk

bia,dï oyu woyk uef,ajrekaf.a

kscìu uef,aishdj jk w;r

isx.mamQrej iy nDDkdhs rdcHhkays o

Tjqka me;sr isákjd' uef,ajre

,xldjg meñ‚fha ´,kao hq.fha

iy ì%;dkH hq.fha' ì%;dkH md,k

iufha furg uef,a frðfïka;=j

kñka yuqÞ wkq lKavhla o

;snqKd' à' î' chd" tï' fÊ' wlan¾

úksiqrejrhd jekakjqka furg isá

m%lg uef,a cd;slhka' fÞfÞ,a"

ììlalx" fodais" uqx weg lejqï"

kdis.=rx jeks uef,ajrekaf.a

wdydr /ila wfma ixialD;shg

tla ù ;sfnkjd'

mD;=.%Sis n¾.¾

mD;=.%Siskaf.ka mej; tk fï

ck fldÜGdih furgg meñK

jir 500lg wêl hs' fudjqkaf.ka

jeä msßila Ôj;a jkafka uvl,mqj"

wïmdr yd ;s%l=Kdu, Èia;s%lalj,'

Èjhsfka fjk;a m%foaYj,o fudjqka

iq`M lKavdhï f,i úisr isákjd'

w,audßh" wkakdis" nd,aÈh" nxl=j"

fndakslald" fnd;a;u" f.dajd"

lfndla" l,siu" lñih jeks jpk

mD;=.%Siskaf.ka wfma nig tla j

;sfnkjd'

´,kao n¾.¾

´,kao n¾.¾jre f,i

ye¢kafjkafka ,kafoaiskaf.

ka mej; tk ck fldgia'

kef.kysr bka§h ´,kao iud.fï

idudðlhka f,i furgg meñ‚

,kafoaiSka mD;=.Siska m<jd yeÍug

fojeks rdcisxy rcqg Wmldr l<

w;r miqj furg md,kh w;am;a

lr.;a;d' 1796 bx.S%is md,kh

weröu;a iuÕ ,kafoaiska furg

yer .sh o mjq,a 912la furg /÷Kd'

1810 jeks ld,fha ,kafoais m%cdj

bx.S%iska hgf;a wêlrK" yuqÞ"

,smsldr jeks fiajdjkays Wiia

ks,;, fydnjkq ,enqjd' ffjoH

wd¾' t,a iamsÜ,a" fcdÊ lSÜ" ,hk,a

fjkaâÜ" vkalka jhsÜ furg isá

m%lg ´,kao n¾.¾ cd;slhka'

Ök cd;slfhda

w;S;fha isgu furg Ôj;ajk

;j;a iq`M ckfldgila jkafka

Ök cd;slhka' w;S;fha fiao udj;

Tiafia fjf<|du yd ixpdrh ms‚i

meñ‚ Tjqka w;r foaYdgkfha

fhÿKq *dyshka NslaIqj yd yshqka

idx NslaIqj ms<ssn| fndfyda

f;dr;=re i|yka jkjd' ì%;dkH

md,k iufha l=re÷ j.dìïj,

fiajh i|yd Ök cd;slhka

Y%ñlhka f,i furgg meñ‚

w;r .d¨ iy ;s%l=Kdu, jrdh iy

yeñ,agka we< m%;sixialrK lghq;=

i|yd Ök cd;slhkaf.a Y%uh fhdÞ

.ekqKd' Tjqkaf.a fojeks f,dal

hqoaOfhka yd Ök cmka hqoaOfhka

wkd:hka njg m;a Ök cd;slhka

úYd, msßila fuys r|jk ,± hs

fld<U fyÜá

foi;sh 2019 cQ,s 0128

mejfikjd' b;d iq`M ixLHdjlaj

;snQ Ök ck.yKh 2000 jifrka

miq úYd, jYfhka by< .sfha

ixj¾Ok jHdmD;sj, Y%ñlhka

f,i fiajh lsÍu i|yd Tjqka

furgg meñŒu;a iuÕ hs' fï jk

úg 110"000la muK Ök cd;slhka

furg isák nj jd¾;d jkjd'

fuukajre

fuukajre bkaÈhdfõ iskaoa

m%foaYh ^j;auka mdlsia:dkh&

kscìu lr.;a iqkaks uqia,sï m%cdjg

wh;a ckfldÜGdihla' jd‚c

lghq;= i|yd ol=Kq bkaÈhdj

Tiafia ,xldjg meñ‚ úúO

cd;Ska w;r fuukajre o isáhd'

furgg m%:ufhka meñ‚ fuuka

cd;slhd f,i ie,flkafka

1870 § muK fuys meñ‚ wíÿ,a

ryauka keue;af;la' 1946 ck

ix.Kkh wkqj furg isáfha

fuuka cd;slhka 180 fofkla

muK hs' 1947 bkaÈhdj folv

ùu;a iuÕ nyq;rhla fuukajre

mdlsia:dkh n,d .sh w;r iq`M

msßila YS% ,xldjg meñ‚hd' 1981

ck ix.Kkh wkqj fuukajre

3000la muK furg jdih l< w;r

jeä msßila Ôj;a jQfha w.kqjr

wdikakfha' Tjqkaf.a ni fuudks'

th W¾ÿ yd yskaÈ nio ñY% iskaÈ

Wm NdIdjla'

uqyqÿ jeoafoda

YS% ,xldfõ wdÈjdiS m%cdj Wm

lKavdhï ;=klg wh;a jkjd' tA

.,a jeoaoka" .ï jeoaoka yd uqyqÿ

jeoaoka f,iska' uqyqÿ jeoaoka f,i

ye¢kafjkafka uqyqÿlrfha jdih

lrk wdÈjdiSka' wfkla jeÈ Wm

lKavdhï jeÈ ni fyda isxy, fyda

Ndú; lrk w;r fudjqkaa Ndú;

lrkqfha fou< ni hs' fudjqkaf.a

m%Odk;u jD;a;sh uiqka ueÍu'

fï jeÈ msßi uq,skau y÷kd .kq

,enqfõ 1911§ fi,s.audka úiska'

Tyq Tjqka ye¢kajQfha kef.kysr

fjrf<a jeoaoka f,i hs' fuu uqyqÿ

jeoaokaf.a m%Njh flf,i isÿjQfhao

hkakg meyeÈ,s ms<s;=rla fkdue;s

jqjo Tjqkaf.a uqL mrïmrd.;

f;dr;=re wkqj Tjqka rg uOHfha

isá jeoaokaf.ka mej; tkakka

msßila' tfy;a rg uOHfha isák

jeoaoka fudjqka ;ukaf.a msßila

f,i ms<s.ekSug iQÞkï ke;e hs

yshq fkú,a ;u lD;shl i|yka lr

;sfnkjd' fudjqka lsisÿ j¾.hlg

wh;a fkdjk nj rg ueo isák

wdÈjdiSkaf.a u;h nj fkú,a jeä

ÿrg;a i|yka lrkjd' ±kg uqyqÿ

joaoka 2460 fofkla isák nj

jd¾;d fjkjd'

b;sß fldgi ,nk l,dmfha

ms%hkacka iqf¾Ia o is,ajd

n¾.¾ uef,ajre

fuukajre

29 foi;sh2019 cQ,s 01

wm Ôj;a jkafka äðg,a

PdhdrEmlrK hq.hl hs' 19

jeks ishji jk úg ,xldfõ

iEu k.rhl u mdfya PdhdrEm

Yd,d ia:dmkh jQ w;r äðg,a

PdhdrEmlrKfha wd.ukh;a iuÕ

PdhdrEm Yd,dj,g ;snQ b,a¨u wju

jqKd' tjl újdy ux., W;aijfha

hqj,f.a PdhdrEm wksjd¾hfhka u

.ekqfKa PdhdrEm Yd,djl§' tfy;a

tu ;;a;ajh fjkia ù újdy

ux., W;aijh wdjrKh lrk

PdhdrEm Ys,amshd úiska u th o bgq

lr §u u; PdhdrEm Yd,djg ;snQ

b,a¨u ±ka ySk fj,d'

YS% ,xldfõ PdhdrEm Yd,dj,

b;sydih jir 160lg jvd mer‚ hs'

,xldfõ uq,a u PdhdrEm Yd,dj

bÈ jQfha ì%;dkH md,k iufha'

jd¾;d.; j we;s whqßka furg

bÈflreKq m%:u PdhdrEm Yd,dj

jkafkaa fÊïia mdáka.a kue;s

ì%;dkH cd;slhd i;= j ;snQ

PdhdrEm Yd,dj hs' th msysáfha

msgfldgqfõ idka; nia;shka lkafoa

wxl 10 ork ia:dkfha' ,xldfõ

m%:u uqøKd,hdêm;sjrhd jQfha

^1849 - 1872& jQ ú,shï ialSka'

Tyqf.a mq;%hd jQ ú,shï ¨ù fykaß

ialSka ,kavka ial+,a T*a f*dfgd.%*s

wdh;kfhka mqyqKqj ,nd YS%

,xldjg meñ‚fha 1862 jif¾§ hs'

rcfha uqøKd,hdêm;sjrhd ;u

mq;%hd i|yd fÊïia mdáka.a i;=

PdhdrEm Yd,dj ñ,g .;a;d' uq,ska

tia' ia,Ska iy iud.u f,iska

ye¢kajqKq tu PdhdrEm Yd,dj miqj

ví,sõ' t,a' tÉ' ialSka iud.u

njg hs' ú,shï ¨ù fykaß ialSka

w.kqjr úúO ia:dkj, PdhdrEm

Yd,d wdrïN l<d' pe;eï ùÈfha

wxl 14" 40" 41 ork ia:dkj, o"

l=re÷j;af;a yd uykqjr fjdaâ

ùÈfha wxl 21 ork ia:dkfha o

Tyqf.a PdhdrEm Yd,d mej;=Kd'

1887 j¾Ifha Tyq nqreufha kj

PdhdrEm Yd,djla wdrïN lsÍu

i|yd furáka msgj .sh fyhska

fï PdhdrEm Yd,dfõ ysñlu

Tyqf.a nd, fidfydhqre f*âßla

ialSka fj; mejreKd' bka miq th

ye¢kajqfKa t*a' ialSka iy iud.u

f,iska' 1920 § tu PdhdrEm Yd,dj

wNdjhg .shd'

W;=f¾ msysgqjk ,o m%:u

PdhdrEm Yd,dj jQfhaa tia' fla'

f,dagka kue;s øúv cd;slhd

úiska hdmkfha wdrïN l< ztia'

fla' f,dagka iy iud.uZ kue;s

PdhdrEm Yd,dj hs' fuh 1876§

wdrïN flreKq w;r yd*a fgdaka

l%uh YS% ,xldjg y÷kajd§fï

mqfrda.dñhd jkafkao Tyq hs' miqj

Tyqf.a mq;a wd¾' fla' f,dagka

fld<U PdhdrEm Yd,djla wdrïN

l< w;r fld<U iy hdmkfha

m%Odk fmf<a PdhdrEm Yd,d jQfha

Tjqkaf.a PdhdrEm Yd,d fol hs'

1887 § weußldkq cd;slfhla

fld<U pe;eï ùÈfha PdhdrEm

Yd,djla wdrïN l< o u| l,lg

miq th jid ±uqKd' tu PdhdrEm

Yd,dfõ wefvd,a*ia ú,shï wekaä%

kï ;reKhl= fiajh l<d' wekaä%

/lshd úrys;hl= njg m;a jqfKa

wfmaiagqäfhdafõ

l;dj

ialska iud.u úiska .kakd ,o

PdhdrEmhla

foi;sh 2019 cQ,s 0130

wefußldkqjd PdhdrEm Yd,dj

jid ±óu ksid' Tyqf.a ksji

msysgd ;snqfKa msgfldgqfõ fkdßia

mdf¾' 1893§ Tyq ;u ksfjfia l=vd

PdhdrEm Yd,djla wdrïN l<d'

bkaÈhdkq cd;sl nexl=fõ yd

fjk;a fm!oa.,sl jHdmdrhkays

PdhdrEm .ekSu Tyqg ndr jQ

fyhska Tyqf.a PdhdrEm Yd,dj

l%ufhka ÈhqKqjg m;a jqKd' miqj

Tyq ;u PdhdrEm Yd,dj fld<U

fldïm[a[ ùÈfha hQkshka

fmfofia kj f.dvke.s,a,lg

/f.k wdjd' zfydamagjqka iagqäfhdaZ

kï jQ kj uy,a follska hqla;

jQ w;r PdhdrEm .ekSug wjYH

ish¨ myiqlï tys ;snqKd' Tyqf.a

PdhdrEm f,dj úúO m%o¾Yk i|yd

bÈßm;a jQ w;r iïudkfhka o

msÿï ,enqjd' PdhdrEm Yd,djla

ms<sn| m<uq mqj;am;a ±kaùu

m<lr we;af;a o wekaä% úiska' 1895

wf.dia;= 31 jeks Èk ,lañ‚ myk

mqj;amf;a tu ±kaùu m< flreKq

w;r tys fuf,i i|yka jqKd'

zzPdhdrEm .ekSu - tA' ví,sõ'

wkaføda uy;d—hqfrdamfha PdhdrEm

.kakjqkag lsis wuq;a;la ke;sj

PdhdrEm .ekSu fyd|dldr j o;a

fï uy;d fldïm[a[ùÈfha ÿïßh

kj;k ia:dkh wi, ;u l¾udka;

Yd,dj msysgqjd ;sfí' fndfyda l,a

krla fkdù ;nd.ekSug ´kEu

m%udKhl PdhdrEm ilia lr

fokakg mq`Mjkah' isxy, whg

myiq úÈhg .dia;=j;a b;d iaj,am

jYfhka .kakd neúka ish¨ isxy,

ukqIHhka fyd¢ka iy ,dnhg;a

jev lrjd .kakg leu;s kï fuu

uy;auhdf.a l¾udka;Yd,djg

meñ‚h hq;= h'˜

1890 foieïn¾ 31 jeks Èk

fld<U ì%iag,a f.dvke.s,af,a

;j;a PdhdrEm Yd,djla wdrïN

flreKd' Tjqkaf.a m%Odk;u

ld¾hh jQfha .uka n,m;% i|yd

wjYH PddhdrEm .ekSu hs' tA' ví,sõ'

tA' ma,dfÜ kï tys ysñlre furg

PdhdrEm l,dj Wfoid iqúfYaIS

fufyjrla l< mqoa.,fhla' ;u

ìßh jQ laf,ard ma,dfÜ uy;añh

iuÕ wdrïN l< Tjqkaf.a PdhdrEm

Yd,dj kï flrefKa zma,dfÜ

iy iud.uZ hkqfjka' th 1893§

fld<U fld,a¨msáfha .d¨mdf¾

wxl 267 ork ia:dkh fj; f.k

wdjd' ,xldfõ PdhdrEm ßgÑka

*sksIsx l%uh wdrïN lf<a ma,dfÜ

iud.u' laf,ard ma,dfÜ uy;añhf.a

fidfydhqre yhskuka uy;d

tys mqfrda.dñhd jqKd' ma,dfÜ

iud.u 1900 jif¾ kqjrt<sfha o

PdhdrEm Yd,djla wdrïN l<d'

1903§ ms,smafma t¾fvdia úiska

fldf,daksh,a f*dfgda.%*s lïmks

kñka PdhdrEm Yd,djla werUqfõ

fld<U fldgqfõ úlafgdaßhd

wdflavfha' kùk myiqlï iys;

úYd, PdhdrEm Yd,djla jQ th

furg wdOqksl PdhdrEm Ys,amSkaf.a

yd ixpdrlhkaf.a PdhdrEm

uqøKh lr fok wdh;khla

f,i o mej;shd' wefußldfõ

BiaÜuka fldvela wdh;kfha ,xld

ksfhdað;jrhd jQfha o fldf,daksh,a

f*dfgda.%*s iud.u hs'

1882 jif¾ cqjka is,ajd kue;s

PdhdrEm Ys,amshd úiska PdhdrEm

Yd,djla wdrïN lf<a .d,af,a'

Tyq l,la ialSka iy iud.fï

PdhdrEm Ys,amshl= f,i fiajh

l< ;eke;af;la' tjl PdhdrEm

Yd,djkays mg, mg fjkqjg

Ndú; jQfha ma,eáfkdaghsma kñka

ye¢kajqKq ùÿre M,l'' bïmSßh,a

M,l" b,a*â M,l" BiaÜuka

PdhdrEm M,l mS' ´' iS M,l

kñka úúO j¾.fha PdhdrEm M,l

PdhdrEm wkdjrKh i|yd

fhdÞ .ekqKd' fi¨f,dhsâ

mg, mgh y÷kajd §u;a

iuÕ fldvela" f.jdÜ"

b,a*â" fj,ajÜ fjf,dlaia

jeks úúO mg, mg Ndú;h

werUqKd' ,sh¾" n%jqkska

jeks l=vd w;a leurd

furgg meñkqKd' idudkH

leurdjl ñ, remsh,a

7'50la jQ w;r Wiia j¾.fha

leurdjla remsh,a 27' 50 isg

31'50 w;r ñ, mrdihl

mej;=fKa'

1903 ckjdß 22 Èk mqj;am;a

±kaùula m< l< ialSka iy iud.u

;uka ,xldfõ ´kEu Èia;s%lalhlg

meñK PdhdrEm .kakd njg

m%pdrh l<d' 1910 muK jk úg

fld<U hQkshka fmfofia fcdaka

iy iud.u" fldgqfõ ld.s,aia"

wefmd;slÍia" g¾ñkia wd¾Ü

iagqäfhda" ì%iag,a iagqäfhda jeks

PdhdrEm Yd,d jHdma; j ;snqKd'

PdhdrEm Yd,djkays mßmd,kh

fjkia jqj o we;eï tAjd wo olajd u

tA kñka mj;ajdf.k hk w;r

ma,dfÜ iy iud.u iy fcdaka

yd iud.u tjeks PdhdrEm Yd,d

folla'

ms%hkacka iqf¾Ia o is,ajd

fydamagjqka PdhdrEm Yd,dj tia' fla' f,dagka

31 foi;sh2019 cQ,s 01

iskudjiskudj

foaYSh iskudjg fï jk úg

jir 72 msÍ wjika' f,dal

iskudfõ wdhq ld,h yd ii|oa§

wm isákafka jir 50la muK

msgqmiska jqj;a jir 72la hkq iq¿

ld,hla u fkdfj hs' zlvjqKq

fmdfrdkaÿjZ Ñ;%mgfhka werfUk

l;dkdo iskudj bka§h iskud

l¾udka;fhka ,o iydh iy

wdNdih o ,nñka zf¾LdjZ iuÕska

1956 § l,d;aul iskud Ndú;h

fj; o msh Tijkq ±lsh yels hs'

wk;=re j ksIamdokh yd m%o¾Ykh

m%uqL jHdmdßl uqyqKqjßka o

wdLHdk iajrEm yd Y%jH -oDYH

úhuk m%uqL iskud m%ldYk

udOHfhka o furg iskudj úúO

fjkialï iy yerjqï ,laIH

Tiafia fmrg meñ‚hd'

zisxy,Z iskudj hk fhÿu

fjkqjg zY%S ,dxlslZ iskudj hk

fhÿu Ndú; lrkafka j¾;udk

iskud Ndú;h ;=< iq¿fjka jqj

o oñ< NdIs; iskudjl i,l=Kq

o y÷kd.; yels fyhska' bka§h

iskudj NdId 26la blaujñka zl;d

l< oZ furg iskudj 30 jirlg

wdikak j meje;s isú,a hqoaOfha

w;=re M,hla f,i jeämqr zl;d

lf<aZ tla" ;ks NdIdjlska' fï ksid

hqoaOh fl<jr ù oYlhla muK

f.jqKq wjia:dfõ§ th talNdIs;"

taljd¾.sl iajrEmhlska uqojdf.k

y÷kajd §u yd y÷kd.ekSu m%uqL

wjYH;djla'

furg iskudfjys iqúfYaI;d

ms<sn| úuid n,k úg tajd

Okd;aul yd iDKd;aul f,i

fomil isg hs y`ÿkd .; yelafla'

jvd fmdfydks iskud Ndú;hla

fj; uÕ úysÿjñka mejf;k

jHdmdßl yd l,d;aul mlaIfha

ueÈy;aùï cd;sl iskudj Tijd

;nkafka by<g' tfia fkdjqKqq úg

iskudj h<s w.dOh fj; we§ hdu

fkdje<elaúh yels hs'

Y%S ,dxlsl iskudj jHdmdrhla

f,i j¾;udkfha fmdfydi;a

fyda iaÓridr fyda keye' wi,ajeis

bkaÈhdfõ jd¾Isl j oyilg wêl

j Ñ;%mg ksIamdokh jqj;a wm rfÜ

tu m%udKh 20-30la w;r w.hl hs

mj;skafka' cd;sl Ñ;%mg ixia:dfõ

ukao.dó ueÈy;aùï Bg m%Odk

fya;=j hs' ks¾udKd;aul yd

l,d;aul iskud Ndú;hla ms<sn|

lsis÷ j.ùula fkdue;s iskud

iud.ï lsysmhl wêldßhlg

iskudj k;= j mej;Su;a thg

n,md ;sfnkjd' Ñ;%mg ksIamdokh"

fnodyeÍu yd m%o¾Ykh hk

m%Odk jHdmdßl m%fõY ud¾.

lsisjla ms<sn| tlÕ;d iys;

ueÈy;aùula rdcH fyda fm!oa.,sl

fyda fowxYhg u keye' ta

fya;=fjka l=uk Idkrhl iskud

lD;shlg jqj o b,lal lr.;

yels fma%laIld.drhla" wdodhu

ms<sn| woyila fuka u lD;sh

;sr.; lr wdodhï ,nd.ekSu

ms<sn| ld,rduqjla ilid .ekSu

hkdÈ lsisjlg wjldY o keye'

ksis m%ñ;s.; iskudYd,d m%udKh

wju ùu fuka u k.r flakaøSh

j muKla úysfok iskud Yd,d

fya;=fjka fma%laIlhka iskud Yd,d

fj; frdla jkafka wvqfjka' ;srhg

meñfKk lD;s m%o¾Ykh ùu

ms<sn| meyeÈ,s tlÕ;d fkdue;s

ùu fya;=fjka b;sß j we;s iq¿

fma%laIld.drh o w;rux ùu fuys§

ks;r olakg ,efnkjd' m%pdrl

mqjrej, i|yka mßÈ Ñ;%mg

wod< ld,j, ;sr.; fkdlsÍu"

Ñ;%mgYd,dj,ska lD;%su j .,jd

oeóu hkdÈh ms<sn| j o ks;r

wefikafka ueisú,s'

flfia fj;;a jHdmdrh ta

ish¨ w¾nqo yuqfõ jqj;a fhduq j

we;s kjH" Okd;aul iqúfYaI;d

o ke;sjd u fkdfj hss' miq.sh

oYl lsysmfha tys yev;, fjkia

lrf.k ;sîu jeo.;a' l=vd

fma%laIld.dr wNshi l=vd m%udKfha

zñksZ Ñ;%mg Yd,d y÷kajd §u"

,dxflah iskudfõ bÈß wfmalaId

foi;sh 2019 cQ,s 0132

fmdl=re iskudYd,d ^isfk*af,laia&

y÷kajd §u" fma%laIld.drfha

wiqka .ekSug fkdtk fma%laIlhd

fjkqfjka ãùã Ñ;%mg msgm;a

fjf<|fmd<la ks¾udKh lsÍu

fuys§ isÿ jQ hym;a m%fõY hs'

l,a.;jk m%o¾Yk fmda,sï ì£u

i`oyd lD;s foll mQ¾j tlÕ;d

m%o¾Yk ld, iSud w;r kj Ñ;%mg

m%o¾Ykhg le|ùu o wNsfhda.hla

jqj;a th hym;a m%fõYhla' bka

isÿjkafka kejqï

iskud lD;s blaukska

fma%laIld.drh yuqfõ

;eîu hs' fm!oa.,sl

rEmjdysks yd

ÿrl:k kd,sld

iud.ï úiska ish

ieg,hsÜ úldYk

yryd fnodyeÍug

Ñ;%mg ñ,hg .ekSu

o fjkia fma%laIld.

drhla fj; iskudj

ióm lrjkakla'

tfuka u th Ñ;%mg

ksIamdolhkag

jeh l< uqo,ska

h<s fldgila

fyda mshjd.kakg

yelsjk kj mshjrla'

jHdmdßl wruqKska

z.emaj, ß,Sia lsÍuZ"

zpek,aj,g úlsŒuZ

we;=¿ fndfyda kj y÷kajd§ï hï

w¾nqo u;= lr we;s nj ienEjla'

tfia jqj;a th uÕ yer .ekSug

we;s ud¾. fidhd ne,Su hym;a

jkafka lD;sh yd fma%laIlhd

tlsfkld uqK.eiSu jir

.Kkdjlska l,a .sh miq zms¿Kq

yuqùïZ" zWKqiqï idlÉPdZ ìys

fkdjk neúka'

iskud l¾udka;fha we;s iSudlï

yd w¾nqo yuqfõ Okd;aul yd

iDKd;aul ,laIK tfia jqj;a

iskud NdIdj ;:H f,i jyrñka

f.fkk fi!kao¾hd;aul iskud

m%ldYk fuka u ckm%sh iskud

wdl¾IK yuqfõ we;s ,laIK

fjkia' Okd;aul j .;a úg

cd;Hka;r jYfhka o ;r.ldÍ

uÜgug meñfKk fmdfydi;a

iskud lD;s wm fj; ;nkakg th

iu;a fjkjd' Èfkka Èk ìysjk

flá Ñ;%mg" ks¾udKlrejkaf.a

ks¾udKd;aul l=i,;d okjñka

o,ajkafka wkd.; wfmalaId' isú,a

hqoaOh" ;reK wr.," ú/lshdj"

oßø;dj" udkj in|;d hkdÈh

m%ia;=; lr.ksñka iq¿ jYfhka jqj;a

fmdfydi;a iskud ldjH ìys fjkjd'

flfia jqj o foaYmd,ksl yd iudc"

ixialD;sl ldrKd u; iskudj

wNsfhda. ueÈka fiñka jqj;a

fkdlvjd wefokafka fmrg hs'

fï ksid wmg foaYSh iskud

l¾udka;h jvd Yla;su;a

lsÍug kï rdcH yd fm!oa.,sl

wxYj, jvd ¥ro¾YS iy l%shdldÍ

ueÈy;aùula w;HjYH hs' iskudj

z<uhska fjkqfjka ;efkkZ" zmjqf,a

iskudZ hkd§ m%j¾. fj; muKla

iSud l< hq;= keye' th taludkSh

oDIaá ;eîfuka uqojd úúO m%ia;=;

yd f;aud l;d flfrk" tajdg

m%o¾Yk wjldY ,efnk l,dmhla

njg m;a lsÍug ljr wxYhla

jqj;a lghq;= l< hq;= u hs' flfia

fj;;a iskud l¾udka;h fuka u

iskud m%ldYkh yd Ndú;dj úuid

ne,Su;a fuys§ jeo.;a'

ks¾udKd;aul iskud wdLHdkhla"

fi!kao¾hd;aul iskud Ndú;hla

i|yd wm ixjdohg le|úh hq;=

lreKq lsysmhla y`ÿkd .; yels hs'

furg iskudj fj; we;s fhduqj yd

fma%laId.drh;a ks¾udK f,dalhg

m%fõY jkakka m%udKh;a mj;skafka

j¾OkSh f¾Ldjl'

thg fya;=j jkafka

fm%alaIld.drfhka

Tíng .sh fjk;a

udOH Tiafia Tjqka

Ñ;%mg keröu

hs' tfia u iskud

l¾udka;h iDcq

b,lalh fkdjQj;a

úYajúoHd," uE;l§

werUqKq Y%S ,xld

iskud mdie,"

fld<U iskud

mdie, fuka u

Ñ;%mg ixia:dj

u`.ska mj;ajk

iskud mdGud,dj,ska

úYd, YsIHhka

m%udKhla jd¾Isl

j iskudj úIhhla

f,i bf.kSu;a

fuys§ úfYaIs;

hs' l%udkql+, iskud wOHdmkhla

yd iskud ixjdohla Tiafia

fï YsIHhkaf.ka ie,lsh hq;=

msßila iskud ks¾udK f,dalh

fj; wdl¾IKh lrùug yels kï

iy Wiia iskud riúkaokh hkq

ljf¾oehs hkak .ek ÈhqKq ixjdohla

wmf.a fma%laIld.drh iu. wdrïN

l< yels kï Y%S ,dxlsl iskudfõ

wkd.;h ms<sn`o n,dfmdfrd;a;=

;eìh yels hs' th wNsfhda.d;aul

jqj;a wm Ndr.; hq;af;a fmdfydi;a

iskud ixialD;s f.dv k.df.k

we;af;a ta Tiafia neúka'

m%shka; f*dkafiald

fÊHIaG lÓldpd¾h,,s; l,d wOHhkdxYh

fmardfoKsh úYajúoHd,h

fm!oa.,sl rEmjdysks yd ÿrl:k kd,sld

iud.ï úiska ish ieg,hsÜ úldYk yryd

fnodyeÍug Ñ;%mg ñ,hg .ekSu o fjkia

fma%laIld.drhla fj; iskudj ióm lrjkakla'

33 foi;sh2019 cQ,s 01

zwm fld;rï ixj¾Ok lghq;=

bgq l<;a m,la keye tA

ms<sn| f;dr;=re ck;dj w;rg

f.khkafka ke;skï' tu ld¾hh

bgq l< hq;af;a udOH úiska' rdcH

wxYh" fm!oa.,sl wxYh iy rdcH

fkdjk ixúOdk úiska bgq lrk

ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s ms<sn| ck;dj

±k .; hq;= hs' tfy;a fndfyda

fokl= ixj¾Ok jHdmD;sj,

jeo.;a u foh f,i olskafka

ñ,shk" ì,shk .Kkska úhoï

lrk uqo,a m%udKh fld;rï o

hkak ms<sn| muK hs' ixj¾Ok

ld¾hfha§ udOHfha ueÈy;aùu

jeo.;a jkafka fu;ek§ hs'

ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s iy jeh jk

uqo, iuÕ bka ck;djg ,efnk

m%;s,dN" m%fhdackj;a f,i jeh

fjkjd o @ bka we;s jk wksgq

M,úmdl fudkjdo hk ldrKd

meyeÈ,s j .%dylhka jk ck;dj

w;rg f.k hdu hs udOH uÕska

úh hq;af;a' tys § jHdmD;shl we;s

Okd;aul fuka u RKd;aul

me;s ck;djg fy<s lr§u hs jvd

jeo.;a'

kQ;kfha úYd, jYfhka

iudc udOH Ndú; jqj;a fndfyda

ldrKdj,§ tAjdhska biau;=

jkafka idOkSh ldrKd fkdfj

hs' ixj¾Okd;aul ld¾hfha§

udOH uÕska iqnjd§ m‚jqvhla

ck;djg ióm lrùu fyda ck;d

m%;spdr u; iudc u;h fï hehs

f.kyer mEu fyda l< yels kï

ixj¾Okhg udOH Rcq j ueÈy;a

jk nj lsj yels hs' ixj¾Ok

ld¾hfha§ udOH Ndú;dj ms<sn|

j óf;dguq,a, l=Kq lkao fyd| u

WÞyrKhla' jir 7la 8la uq¿,af,a u

óf;dguq,a, l=Kq lkao mej;=fKa

jHikldß" úm;a;sÞhl ia:dkhla

f,i' th wo jk úg uyck;djg

jvd;a m%fhdackj;a yß; WoHdkhla

njg m;afjkjd' fï jHdmD;s

uÕska fld<U Èia;s%lalfha we;s

jk fjki iy bÈß mrïmrdjg

we;s jk iqnfi; ms<sn| m‚jqvh

ck;djg /f.k hdfï j.lSu

mejfrkafka udOHhg' iq.;Þi

.Dyia: lS%vdx.Kh tA i|yd ;j;a

WÞyrKhla' wjqreÿ .Kkdjla

l=Kqj,ska .yk uv j.=rla f,i

mej;s th wo jk úg cd;Hka;r

uÜgfï ;r. meje;aúh yels

iqúfYaIS lS%vdx.Khla njg m;a ù

;sfnkjd' tA ksid rgl yev;,h

fjkia lsÍug fujeks jHdmD;s

fnfyúka bjy,a fjkjd' tfuka u

,xldfõ uyje,s jHdmdrh" uE;l§

wrUk ,o fudr.ylkao ixj¾Ok

jHdmD;sh ck;djg b;du;a u

ixfõ§ ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s f,i hs

ie,lsh yelsjkafka' uyje,s

jHdmdrh ms<sn| tÞ fuka u wo;a

l;dny lrkjd' th udi ;=klg"

wjqreoaolg fyda wjqreÿ yhlg

iSud ù keye' tA ish,a, isÿ jkafka

udOH uÕska'

rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkhla f,i

.S%kamSia wdh;kh miq.sh ld,h ;=<

mßir ixrlaIKh iïnkaOfhka

úYd, jev fldgila lr ;sfnkjd'

úfYaIfhka f,dal mßir ¥IK

;;a;ajh ie,ls,a,g .;a úg l=uk

wdh;khl fyda udOHhl fyda j.lSu

úh hq;af;a tA ms<sn|j ck;dj okqj;a

lsÍu hs' tA i|yd fndfyda udOH fï jk

úg lemùfuka lghq;= lr ;sfnkjd'

ixj¾Ok mqj;a i|yd m%jD;a;s

úldYh ;=<§ fjka jk úkdä

yhl ld, iSudj ±lsh yels jkafka

úoHq;a udOHfha § muK hs' m%jD;a;s

úldYh ;=< Tjqkag isÿ fjkjd

foaYSh mqj;a" lS%vd mqj;a" ixj¾Ok

mqj;a" ld,.=K mqj;a wdÈh ms<sn|j

tA tA wdh;khkays we;s iqúYd,

kHdh m;%hla ;=< isg fï úkdä 06

fjka lsÍug'

rdcH ueÈy;aùï u; rdcH udOH

uÕska ixj¾Okd;aul mqj;a muKla

m%ldYhg m;a l<fyd;a ck;djg

th kSri fjkjd' jeo.;a jkafka

th yrj;a j" ks¾udKd;aul j iy

.fõIKd;aul j bÈßm;a lsÍu'

ck;dj fndfyda úg wykafka iy

olskafka isria;, muK hs' iuyr

úg m%jD;a;s úldYh iïmQ¾Kfhka

u krUkafka keye' tA isria;, u

m%udKj;a ck;djg m%jD;a;sh

jgyd .ekSug iy m‚jqvh

.%yKh lr .ekSug'

rgl ixj¾Okhlska isÿ

jkafka ck;djf.a ðjk uÜgu

Wiia lsÍuh hs' ud¾.j, jeäjk

lsf,daóg¾ .Kk f.dvkÕk ,o

ksjdi ixLHdj" mdi,a" lS%vdx.k"

WoHdk" md,ï" l¾udka;

ixj¾Okfha tla me;a;la muK hs'

rfÜ iuia; mjq,a tAllj, bÈß

Ôjk uÜgu by< ;;a;ajhlg

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weh y÷kd.kafka m%;sNdmQ¾K

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mdif,ka bj;a j hkafka'

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iïnkaOfhka úfoia yeoEÍula iy

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ks<sh o weh hs'

1955 jif¾§ —Be safe or be Sorry˜ kï flá jd¾;d Ñ;%mghg

;reK whsrdx.ksh iïnkaO

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hk jhil ldka;djlf.a pß;hla'

wef.a m%;sNdmQ¾K rx.kh y÷kd.;a

f,iag¾ Tyqf.a —f¾Ldj˜ iskud

ks¾udKhg odhl jk f,i wehg

werhqï l<d' whsrdx.ksh tu

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wehg th l< yels nj wjOdrKh

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iskud ks¾udKhlska ish iskud

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kshg Wod jQfha ta whqßka' f¾Ldfõ

˜l;sßkdydñ˜ f,i iqúfYaIS

pß; ksrEmKhla l< weh 1956

jif¾È fyd| u ks<sh f,i §mYsLd

iïudkh o Èkd .;a;d'

tjlg whsrdx.kS fiarisxy

jD;a;sfhka udOHfõÈkshla' fiajh

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o jk whsrdx.ksh ixpdrl

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w;aoelSï ,nd we;s ;eke;a;shla'

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weh miq lf,l zwmg mqf;a uÕla

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ófo‚h j,õfõ rfÜ uy;a;hd

hs' weh wef.a m%N+ me,eka;sh

ksfhdackh jk wkaofï pß;

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o ksrEmKh lf<a m%Yia; wkaoñka'

wef.a m<uq iskud ks¾udKh jk

f¾Ldj ta i|yd fyd| u ksoiqkla'

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tjeks nyqúO rx.khlg fya;=

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m%xYfha Muses de La Ville de Pari l,d.drfha ks;H

m%o¾Yk ldKavhg

wh;a j ;snqKq

˜Irangani˜ f,i kï

l< wdf,aLH is;=ju

whsjka mSßia kï

,dxflah is;a;rdf.a

ks¾udKhla' tod

whsrdx.kS úis;=ka

yeúßÈ iqkaor

hqj;shla' f,iag¾

fÊïia mSßiaf.a nd,

fidfydhqrd jk

whsjka mSßia úiska fï

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r¿ úhZ" zysu l;rZ" zf,dl= ÿjZ"

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l< weh furg fma%laIlhka

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hs' úfYaIfhka zhfYdardjhZ" z¥

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fma%laIl wdl¾IKh fkdu| j

Èkd.ekSug iu;a jqKd' ta yereKq

úg weh rÕ mE fg,skdgH w;r

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ysñlï lshQ weh ,dxflah fma%laIl

ck;djf.a fkdu| f.!rjdorhg

md;% jQ rx.k Ys,amskshla' 1985

jif¾§ weh fyd| u iyh ks<shg

ysñ ckdêm;s iïudkh Èkd.;af;a

zwdor l:djZ Ñ;%mgh fjkqfjka'

1967 jif¾ § zTn ÿgq odz iskudmgh

fjkqfjka fyd| u ks<shg ysñ

iriúh iïudkh o 1995 jif¾

§ zmjk r¿ úhz iskud ks¾udKh

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iïudkh wehg msßkeuqKd'

2003 jif¾§ fyd| u iyh

ks<shg ysñ iriúh iïudkfhka

msÿï ,enqfõ ziqÿ fijke,sz Ñ;%mgh

i|yd bÈßm;a l< m%Yia; rx.kh

fjkqfjka' f¾Ldj" ixfoaYh" iq<`.

wm /f.k hdú Ñ;%mgj, § weh

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whsrdx.kS fiarisxy fYa%IaG ks¾udK

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o is,ajd' miqj th Wohisß

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ldKavhg wh;a j ;snqKq ˜Irangani˜ f,i kï l< wdf,aLH is;=ju

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iaùvkh leue;a; m<

l<d wmg fï kj ks¾udK

l%shd;aul ;;a;ajhg f.k

tAug wjYH ;dlaI‚l iy

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§ug' tu ksid wm cd;sl

nqoaêuh foam< ld¾hd,h

(National intellectual Property office) wdh;kh;a iu`.

tla j fï kj ks¾udK

i`oyd fmaÜka n,m;% ,nd

§fï jevms<sfj< l%shd;aul

lrñka ;sfnkjd' tA i`oyd

wjYH uQ,Huh iyfhda.h

iy kS;s Wmfoia Y%S

chj¾Okmqr úYajúoHd,h

u`.ska isÿ fjkjd' tfia

,nd fok fmaÜka n,m;%

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cd;Hka;r uÜgñka o j,x.=

ùu úfYaI hs'ZZ

fï jevms<sfjf<a wjika

wruqK jkafka ìysjQ kj

ks¾udK fj<`ofmd< fj;

<`.d lr §u hs' tA fjkqfjka

fm!oa.,sl wxYfha fuka u

rcfha o iyfhda.h wjYH

nj hs YS% chj¾Okmqr

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fï kj ks¾udK i`oyd fmaÜka n,m;% ,nd §fï jevms<sfj< l%shd;aul lrñka ;sfnkjd' tA

i`oyd wjYH uQ,Huh iyfhda.h iy kS;s Wmfoia Y%S chj¾Okmqr úYajúoHd,h u`.ska isÿ fjkjd' tfia ,nd fok fmaÜka n,m;% ,xldjg muKla fkdfj hs

cd;Hka;r uÜgñka o j,x.= ùu úfYaI hs'

39 foi;sh2019 cQ,s 01

f,dal nd,olaI cïfndaßh cQ,s 21 jeks Èk

isg mqrd i;s folla W;=re weußldfõ

ngysr j¾ðkshd m%dka;fha uy;a W;al¾Ij;a wkaoñka

meje;aùug hs kshñ;' 24 jeks jrg hs fujr th

meje;afjkafka' fuys f;audj f,i fhdodf.k we;af;a

—Unlock New World” hkak hs' fï fjkqfjka YS% ,xld

nd,olaI jHdmdrfha iQÞkï yd lemùu mej;sfha by<

uÜgul hs'

fï i`oyd Y%S ,xld nd,olaI jHdmdrh ksfhdackh

lrñka idudðlhka 214l lKavdhula iyNd.S

fjkjd' iuia;hla jYfhka .;a l, fuh iEu

wxYhla flfrys u Y%S ,xldjg uy;a wNsudkhla

f.k fokakla' lrmáhla iy l`ojqre ysia jeiqulska

iukaú; nd,olaI ks, weÿñka ixfla;j;a jkqfha

rgj,a ;=< mj;akd iudÔh úIu;d neyer lr

iudkd;au;dj j¾Okh lr,Su hs' ì%;dkH yuqodfõ

¨;skka fckrd,ajrhl= jQ frdnÜ fíäka mfj,a úiska

j¾I 1907§ tx.,ka;fha n%jqkais ¥mf;a§ m<uq nd,olaI

l|jqr meje;aùu;a iu`. hs nd,olaI jHdmdrh wdrïN

jQfha'

20 jeks ishjfia uq,a Nd.fha§ fï jHdmdrh

ls%hdjg kexjqfha msßñ <uhska i`oyd jhia ldKav

;=kla hgf;a' ta fmda;l nd,olaI" nd,olaI yd

fPHIaG nd,olaI jYfhka' 1910 jif¾§ nd,olaIsld

ix.uhla o wdrïN jkafka lksIaG nd,olaIsld"

nd,olaIsld yd fPHIaG nd,olaIsld jYfhka'

fíäka mfj,a idñjrhd 1880 - 1890 jljdkqfõ§

bkaÈhdfõ iy wm%sldfõ ì%;dkH md,k m%foaYj,

rdcldß l< yuqod ks,Odßfhla' Tyq ;u ;reK

ld,fha isg u jk úoHdj iy yuqoduh T;a;= ne,Sï

lghq;= i|yd jeä leue;a;la olajkq ,enqjd' ;u

fid,aodÿjka yuqod mqyqKqfõ fldgila f,i ck

Y+kH m%foaYhl Ôj;aùug yqre lrùu úfYaI;ajhla'

tuÕska ;u fPHIaG ks,Odßkaf.a ksfhda. wkq.

ukh lsÍu fjkqjg iajdëk j ls%hd;alùfï yelshdj

,efnk nj Tyq úYajdi l<d' tf,i mfj,a úiska

f,dal nd,olaI jHdmdrfha iudrïNh iksgqyka

lf<a Tyqf.a w;aoelSï weiqßka' YS% ,xld nd,olaI

jHdmdrh wdrïN jkafka 1912 jif¾§' fujr

iurkafka tys 107 jeks jir hs'

f,dal nd,olaI cïfndaßh iïnkaOfhka woyia

olajk YS% ,xldfõ m%Odk nd,olaI flduidßia bxðfkare

fuß,a .=K;s,l( zzfujr mj;ajk f,dal nd,olaI

cïfndaßh YS% ,dxlsl nd,olaI jHdmdrfha iqúfYaIS jQ

ikaêia:dkhla f,i ie,lsh yels hs' rgj,a 175 la

ksfhdackfhka y;<sia mkaoyil nd,olaIhka msßila

óg iyNd.S fjkjd' ,dxlsl nd,olaIhkag cd;Hka;r

uÜgfï w;a±lSï /ila fuys§ ,eìh yels hs'ZZ

fujr lKavdhfï kdhl;ajh orkafka m%Odk

nd,olaI flduidßia bxðfkare fuß,a .=K;s,lf.a

Wmfoia yd u`. fmkaùu hgf;a cd;Hka;r flduidßia

lms, l,HdK hs'

ish¨ cd;Ska ksfhdackh jk mßÈ m<d;a kjfhka u

YS% ,dxlslhka cïfndaßhg iyNd.s ùu w;sYh jeo.;a'

fï iyNd.S;ajh u`.ska YS% ,xldjg w;ajkafka m%;s,dN

/ila'

úfYaIfhka u wkd.; wNs,dI ch .ekSu fjkqfjka

Ôjk l=i,;d Wrd.d ne,Sug wjia:dj ,nk

nd,olaIhkag fuh úYd, wdYs¾jdohla jkq ksiel hs'

ufkdacd iurkdhl

24 jeks f,dal nd,olaI cïfndaßh bxðfkare fuß,a .=K;s,l YS% ,xld m%Odk nd,olaI flduidßia

Unlock New World

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ñksia l%shdldrlï iuÕ

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b;d È.= b;sydihla' th ñksia

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lrf.k wdÈ ñksid l%Svd lghq;=j,

ksr; jQ nj mqrd;k f;dr;=rej,ska

meyeÈ,s jk lreKla' Bg wu;r

j uQ,sl wjYH;d bgq lr .ekSu

ioyd mßirh Wmfhda.S lr .ksñka

ksoyia ld,h ;=< ldhsl yd

udkisl úkaokh i`oyd o l%Svdfõ

fh§ we;s nj tu f;dr;=re u`.ska

;jÿrg;a ;yjqre lr .; yels hs'

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fok ,oafoa fujeks myiqlï ;=<'

j¾;udkh jkúg úoHd;aul j

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fï úIh ÈhqKq ;;a;ajhlg m;a

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tu`.ska w;aù we;af;a m%;s,dN /ila'

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udkisl wdfõ. md,kh lr .ekSu"

foaYmd,k n,h ;yjqre lr .ekSu"

l%Svd NdKav iy WmlrK i`oyd

hym;a fjf<|fmd<la ks¾udKh

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l%Svdfõ iy YdÍßl wOHdmk

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;rfï fjkia jk iajNdjhla

we;s nj fuhska meyeos,s hs' tu

ksid iudc úldYkh i``oyd

l%Svdj meyeÈ,s f,i u olajkafka

odhl;ajhla' iS>%fhka fjkia jk

iudchg fï úIh wdfrdamKh

lsÍu iy ixialD;sl ;;a;ajh

iuÕ taldnoaO lsÍu u`.ska wm

iqjnr Èúhlg wejeis moku

is;kjdg jvd ñksidg iykodhS

mßirhla ks¾udKh lr .; yels

nj wjOdrKh l< yels hs'

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fï úIfha jHdma;sh n,k l,

ta ms<sn`o j t;rï meyeÈ,s

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hkafka' tfy;a iudcfha úúO ck

fldgiaj,ska fï úIh i|yd we;s

keUqrej Èfkka Èk jeä fjñka

;sfnkjd' foudmshka ;u orejka

fï l%Svd i|yd fhduq lsÍfï mgq

iy mq¿,a Wkkaÿj" uOHu mka;sfha

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ixúOdkj, ixj¾Okfha m%jK;dj

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jeo.;a'

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cd;sl l%Svdjla jYfhka ;r. je§u

i|yd cd;sl ix.ï jYfhka l%Svd

wud;HxYfha ,shdmÈxÑ ùu wksjd¾h

lreKla' j¾;udkh jk úg cd;sl

l%Svd ix.ï 66 la l%Svd wud;HxYfha

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l%Svdfõ iqúfYaIS .=Kdx. mokï

lr .ksñka ljdldr biõ" ljdldr

fkdjk biõ f,i fldgia follg

fnod oelaúh yels hs' hï l%shdj,shla

tlu wdldrhg kej; kej;;a

lsÍu hs ljdldr biõjla f,i

woyia lrkafka' wksjd¾hfhka

u fï iEu ljhla u tl iudk

iajrEmhlska lsÍu wjYH fjkjd'

iEu p,k ljhl u fmr iy

miq ljhka w;r ióm in`o;djla

;sfnk w;r th oïje,la wdldrhg

wLKav iudk;djlska m%;sl%shd lsÍu

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ir, u WodyrKh f,i weú§u

ioyka l< yels hs' ljdldr l%Svd

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È.g l%shd;aul ùula isÿ jkafka

keye' nr bis,Su " ðïkdiaála"

iy ÿkq ú§u jeks l%Svd ljdldr

fkdjk biõ i|yd WodyrK

hs' 100m, 200m iy 50m msyskqï

ksoyia wdr Wmßu ;Sj%;djhlska

hqla; ljdldr jHdhdï f,hhs

ie,flkafka' Wmßu ;Sj%;djlska

hqla; ljdldr jHdhdï f,i 800m, 1500m iy 400m msyskSï i`oyka

l< yels hs' 3000m, 5000m, 10000m

uOHu ;Sj%;djlska hqla; ljdldr

jHdhdu jk w;r wvq ;Sj%;djlska

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uer;ka" uer;ka yd nhsisl,a ;r`.

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Yla;sh u; muKla r`od mj;sk

w;r ÿkq ú`§u" fjä ;eîu

wdÈh b,lal jHdhdu f,i hs

ie,flkafka' mekSï yd úislsÍï

Yla;sh yd fõ.h u; r`od mj;sk

ljdldr fkdjk jHdhdu jk

w;r ðïkdiaála" vhsúka jeks l%shd

p,khkaf.a .=Kd;aulNdjh ksid

YS,amSh l%uh u;hs r`od mj;skafka'

;;a;aj md,kh fkdue;s jHdhdu o

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fï ish,a, u l%Svlhdf.a l%Svd

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lsÍu u.ska YdÍßl wOHdmkfha

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fldf;la ÿrg j¾Okh ù we;aoehs

jeäÿrg;a ú.%y lr ne,Sug fuys§

yelshdj ;sfnkjd'

Ô't,a' ið;a ch,d,a'wOHlaI"

cd;sl l%Svd úoHd wdh;kh'

ufyaIsld Èidkdhl

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u;aøjH iïnkaOfhka mqkre;a:dmk uOHia:dkh f,i kï lf<a

Passages Malibu' le,sf*dakshdfõ ud,snqys iqkaor" ikaiqka l`ÿlr mßirhl

msysá th mßmQ¾K fkajdisl m%;sldr uOHia:dkhla' Chris & Pax Prentiss kï jQ msh mq;= fofokd úiska th wdrïN lrkafka 2001 jif¾§' Passages Ventura mqkre;a:dmk uOHia:dkh Passages Malibu ys ifydaor ia:dkh hs'

th msysáfha Malibu isg mehlska <Õdúh yels fjr<nv fjkapqrd m%dka;fha'

Pax Prentiss uoHidr" fldflaka iy fyfrdhskaj,g jir oyhlg jvd

weíneys ù isá wfhla' tA ms<sn| úia;r lrk Tyq ¦ —uoHidr yd u;aøjH u;

hemSfuka mSvd úÈk ifydaorhkaf.a Ôú; fírd .ekSfï ±ä wdYdj ksid uf.a

mshd ls%ia iuÕ tla j Malibu iy Ventura újD; l<d' wfma bÈß jevms<sfj<

úldYkh jQfha uf.a u weíneysùï ms<sn| fõokdldß w;a±lSfuka'˜ Chris Prentiss; —uoHidr fydaa u;aøjH u; hefmk Tng fyda Tfí wdorŒhhkag

Tng wjeis ia:dkhg hdug Passages Malibu uÕ fmkajkq we;s' th ikaiqka"

m%S;su;a fi!LH iïmkak w;a±lSula jkq ksiel hs'˜

Malibu m%;sldr m%fõYh ie,iqï lr we;af;a weíneys ùug uQ,sl fya;=j

úi£u i|yd hs' fuys§ iqj lsÍfï l%shdj,sfha iEu wxYhla flfrys u

wjOdkh fhduq lrñka m%;sldr i|yd wkq.ukh flfrkafka úê l%u 16la'

tA w;r lgq úls;aidj iy iïndykh" fhda. úêl%u ks;sm;d ls%hd;aul

jkafka frda.shdf.a leue;a; mßÈ' f,dj woaú;Sh fi!LH ;;a;ajhkag iß,k

mßÈ wNsreÑ l< Detoxication ^úIyrKh& jevigyka fuys§ ls%hd;aul hs'

iqÿiqlï,;a m<mqreÿ ld¾huKav,hl wëlaIKh hgf;a Detox m%;sldr ,nd

fokafka wdrlaIdldß iy iqjmyiq whqßka' fuys f.fjk Èk folla tl yd

iudk fkdjk w;r tys§ wiuiu mqkre;a:dmk l%u uÕska weíneys ùu

iïmQ¾Kfhka u ch .ekSug we;s yelshdj by< hs'

u;g ;s; ;nk úma,ùh m%fõYhla

ADDICTION ENDS HERE