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- 3 -

& F&b24 F &@2*JT>Z< 4>P4*,>H@< & 9@8,D$4 ( 94&46F8"b !D"$F8"b )0"<"N4D4b BD@H4&E@,*4>,>>ZN SH"H@& !<,D484), EJN@BJH>@6 4 <@DF8@6 (D">4P, <,0*J 7"<,DJ>@< 4 =4(,D4,6

( 7"<,DJ> BD@H4& =4(,D44) 4 ?FHD@&, 7"F484:4/ E,*J*J ( #@HF&">"/ ="<4$4b).

19. AD,*F,*"H,:\ EJ*" &Z>,F B@FH">@&:,>4, @ BD@*:,>44 FD@8@& & *,:, @ AD4<,>,>44 7@>&,>P44

@ BD,*JBD,0*,>44 BD,FHJB:,>4b (,>@P4*" 4 >"8"2">44 2" >,(@ ( #@F>4b 4 ',DP,(@&4>" BD@H4&_(@F:"&44). %4P,- AD,*F,*"H,:\ EJ*", 4FB@:>b`V46 @$b2">>@FH4 AD,*F,*"H,:b, &Z>,F

B@FH">@&:,>4b @$ JFH">@&:,>44 4:4 BD@*:,>44 FD@8@& & *,:"N @ =,LHb>ZN B:"HL@D<"N ( 3F:"<F8"bC,FBJ$:48" 3D"> BD@H4& E@,*4>,>>ZN SH"H@& !<,D484) 4 %,>F8@6 8@>&,>P44 @ 8@>FJ:\F84N

F>@T,>4bN ( A"D"(&"6 BD@H4& E@,*4>,>>ZN SH"H@& !<,D484).

1. ),:4<4H"P4b <@DF8@6 (D">4PZ 4 H,DD4H@D4":\>Z, &@BD@FZ

<,0*J 7"H"D@< 4 #"ND,6>@< ( 7"H"D BD@H4& #"ND,6>")

20. 8 4`:b 1991 (@*" BD"&4H,:\FH&@ '@FJ*"DFH&" 7"H"D B@*":@ & E,8D,H"D4"H EJ*" 2"b&:,>4, @

&@2$J0*,>44 *,:" BD@H4& BD"&4H,:\FH&" '@FJ*"DFH&" #"ND,6>

" & F&b24 F FJV,FH&J`V4<4 <,0*J >4<4 >,8@H@DZ<4 FB@D"<4 & @H>@T,>44 FJ&,D,>4H,H" >"*@FHD@&"<4 M"&"D, FJ&,D,>>ZN BD"& >" B,FR">Z, @H<,:4 )4$": 4 74H"H )0"D"*", " H"80,

*,:4<4H"P44 (D">4PZ <@DF84N D"6@>@& ^H4N *&JN (@FJ*"DFH&".

21. 7"H"D 2"b&4:, RH@ ,(@ FJ&,D,>4H,H >"* @FHD@&"<4 M"&"D BD@R>@ 240*,HFb >" >@D<"N

@$ZR>@(@ <,0*J>"D@*>@(@ BD"&" 4 BD4<,>4<@6 <,FH>@6 BD"8H48, 4 @$ZR"bN. A@^H@<J @>

>,42<,>>@ &ZFHJB": BD@H4& @$Xb&:,>>@(@ $D4H">F84< BD"&4H,:\FH&@< & 1939 (@*J &@ &D,F8@(@ BD4FJHFH&4b & #"ND,6>, 4 7"H"D, ( 8@H@D@, 2"8@>R4:@F\ & 8@>P, 1971 (@*") D,T,>4b

@ H@<, RH@ ^H4 @FHD@&" BD4>"*:,0"H #"ND,6>J. E H@R84 2D,>4b 7"H"D", *">>@, D,T,>4, b&:b:@F\

>,*,6FH&4H,:\>Z<, &ZN@*4:@ 2" D"<84 $D4H">F8@6 8@<B,H,>P44 & @H>@T,>44 ^H4N *&JN (@FJ*"DFH&

4 >, 4<,,H @$b2"H,:\>@6 F4:Z *:b 7"H"D".

22. QH@ 8"F",HFb B,FR">ZN @H<,:,6 )4$": 4 74H"H )0"D"*", H@ BD4>bH@, $D4H">F84<

BD"&4H,:\FH&@< & 1947 (@*J >@&@, D,T,>4, B@ &@BD@FJ @ *,:4<4H"P44 BD@N@*bV,6 B@ <@DF8@<J

*>J (D">4PZ <,0*J #"ND,6>@< 4 7"H"D@< 4<,:@ P,:\` BD42>"H\ 2" #"ND,6>@< " FJ&,D,>>Z, BD"&"">" D"6@>Z ^H4N @H<,:,6. % ^H@< D,T,>44 $Z:@ &ZD"0,>@ <>,>4, @ H@<, RH@ *">>Z, @H<,:4 >,

*@:0>Z D"FF<"HD4&"H\Fb 8"8 @FHD@&", 4<,`V4, H,DD4H@D4":\>Z, &@*Z. 7"H"D 2"b&:b: 4

BD@*@:0",H 2"b&:bH\, RH@ &F, FJV,FH&J`V4, >" ^H4 @H<,:4 FJ&,D,>>Z, BD"&" BD4>"*:,0"H 7"H"DJ;&<,FH, F H,< @> FR4H",H H"80,, RH@ ^H4 D"6@>Z b&:b`HFb B,FR">Z<4 @H<,:b<4, " >, @FHD@&"<4.% 1964 (@*J #"ND,6> 2"b&4:, RH@ )4$": 4 74H"H )0"D"*" b&:b`HFb @FHD@&"<4 F

H,DD4H@D4":\>Z<4 &@*"<4 4 BD4>"*:,0"H #"ND,6>J, F R,< 7"H"D >, F@(:"F4:Fb.

23. QH@ 8"F",HFb *,:4<4H"P44 (D">4PZ <@DF84N D"6@>@& *&JN (@FJ*"DFH&, H@ & B4F\<,, &

8@H@D@< BD"&4H,:4 7"H"D" 4 #"ND,6>" J&,*@<:b:4F\ @ D,T,>44 1947 (@*", F@@$V":@F\, RH@, B@

<>,>4` $D4H">F8@(@ BD"&4H,:\FH&", BD@N@*bV"b B@ <@DF8@<J *>J :4>4b (D">4PZ <,0*J 7"H"D@< 4

#"ND,6>@< JFH">@&:,>" " & F@@H&,HFH&44 F BD4>P4B"<4 FBD"&,*:4&@FH4" 4 RH@ ^H" :4>4b b&:b,HFb

<,*4">@6, 8@H@D"b & P,:@< B@&H@Db,H 8@>L4(JD"P4` $,D,(@&@6 :4>44 @F>@&>@(@ @FHD@&" #"ND,6> 4

B@:J@FHD@&" 7"H"D. % B4F\<, (@&@D4:@F\ *":,, @ *&JN 4F8:`R,>4bN. ?*>@ 4F8:`R,>4, 8"F":@F\

FH"HJF" B,FR">ZN @H<,:,6, " *DJ(@, - FH"HJF" @FHD@&@& M"&"D.

24. 7"H"D 2"b&4:, RH@ @> >, @FB"D4&",H HJ R"FH\ *,:4<4H"P4@>>@6 :4>44, 8@H@D"b, 8"8 2"b&4:@

$D4H">F8@, BD"&4H,:\FH&@, B@&H@Db,H 8@>L4(JD"P4` $,D,(@&ZN :4>46 @$o4N (@FJ*"DFH& 4 $Z:"JFH">@&:,>" & F@@H&,HFH&44 F BD4>P4B"<4 FBD"&,*:4&@FH4. ?> @H&,D( 4 *@ F4N B@D @H&,D(",H

&Z*&4>JH@, & 1964 (@*J HD,$@&">4, #"ND,6>" ( 8@H@DZ6 @H8"2":Fb BD42>"H\ &ZT,JB@JHJ`*,:4<4H"P4` $D4H">F8@(@ BD"&4H,:\FH&") @$ JFH">@&:,>44 >@&@6 :4>44 (D">4PZ <,0*J *&J<b

- 4 -

(@FJ*"DFH&"<4, BD@N@*bV,6 B@ <@DF8@<J *>J. %Z*&4("b HD,$@&">4, B@ *,:4<4H"P44, 7"H"D

@B4D":Fb >" >@D<Z @$ZR>@(@ <,0*J>"D@*>@(@ BD"&" 4 BD4<,>4<J` <,FH>J` BD"8H48J 4 @$ZR"4.

25. % ^H@6 F&b24 '@FJ*"DFH&@ 7"H"D BD@F4:@ EJ*:

"I. %Z>,FH4 D,T,>4, 4 @$Xb&4H\ & F@@H&,HFH&44 F >@D<"<4 <,0*J>"D@*>@(@ BD"&",

a) RH@ '@FJ*"DFH&@ 7"H"D @$:"*",H FJ&,D,>4H,H@< >"* @FHD@&"<4 M"&"D; 4

b) RH@ '@FJ*"DFH&@ 7"H"D 4<,,H FJ&,D,>>Z, BD"&" >" B,FR">Z, @H<,:4 )4$": 4

74H"H )0"D"*"; 4

II. E *@:0>Z< JR,H@< :4>44 D"2*,:" <@DF8@(@ *>" *&JN (@FJ*"DFH&, 8@H@D"b $Z:"

@B4F">" & D,T,>44 %,:48@$D4H">44 @H 23 *,8"$Db 1947 (@*", JFH">@&4H\ & F@@H&,HFH&44 F

>@D<"<4 <,0*J>"D@*>@(@ BD"&" ,*4>J` <@DF8J` (D">4PJ <,0*J <@DF84<4 D"6@>"<4 <@DF8@(@

*>", >,*D 4 B@8DZ&"`V4N &@*, BD4>"*:,0"V4<4 F@@H&,HFH&,>>@ '@FJ*"DFH&J 7"H"D 4

'@FJ*"DFH&J #"ND,6>".

26. % F&@,< 2"b&:,>44 7"H"D & 8"R,FH&, @F>@&">4b `D4F*48P44 EJ*" F@F:":Fb >" @BD,*,:,>>Z,

F@(:"T,>4b <,0*J FH@D@>"<4, 8@H@DZ,, 8"8 @> 2"b&4:, $Z:4 2"8:`R,>Z & *,8"$D, 1987 4

*,8"$D, 1990 (@*". A@ <>,>4` 7"H"D", BD,*<,H 4 @$X,< B,D,*"&"&T4NFb B@* `D4F*48P4`

&@BD@F@& @BD,*,:b:Fb L@D<J:@6, 8@H@DJ` #"ND,6> BD,*:@04: 7"H"DJ 26 @8Hb$Db 1988 (@*" 4

8@H@DJ` 7"H"D BD4>b: & *,8"$D, 1990 (@*".

27. % B4F\<"N >" 4

@FB@D4: @F>@&">4, `D4F*48P44, >" 8@H@D@, F@F:":Fb 7"H"D.

28. =" &FHD,R,, BD@&,*,>>@6 2 @8Hb$Db 1991 (@*" F P,:\` BD,*@FH"&4H\ AD,*F,*"H,:` EJ*"

&@2<@0>@FH\ &ZbF>4H\ <>,>4b FH@D@>, FH@D@>Z *@FH4(:4 F@(:"F4b @H>@F4H,:\>@ 0,:"H,:\>@FH4

H@(@, RH@$Z &>"R":, BD,*<,H@< D"2$4D"H,:\FH&" $Z:4 &@BD@FZ >":4R4b J EJ*" `D4F*48P44 >"

D"FF<@HD,>4, FB@D" 4 BD4,<:,<@FH4 2"b&:,>4b. % ^H@6 F&b24 11 @8Hb$Db 1991 (@*" AD,*F,*"H,:\

&Z>,F B@FH">@&:,>4, (I.C.J.Reports 1991 , p. 50) @ H@<, RH@ B4F\<,>>@, FJ*@BD@42&@*FH&@

*@:0>@ >"R"H\Fb F &ZbF>,>4b ^H4N &@BD@F@&; & H@< 0, B@FH">@&:,>44 F JR,H@< *@(@&@D,>>@FH4,*@FH4(>JH@6 <,0*J FH@D@>"<4 >" &FHD,R, 2 @8Hb$Db, @> JFH">@&4: F:,*J`V4, FD@84: 10 L,&D":b 1992 (@*" -*:b <,<@D">*J<" 7"H"D" 4 11 4`>b 1992 (@*" - *:b 8@>HD<,<@D">*J<" #"ND,6>". ;,<@D">*J<

4 8@>HD<,<@D">*J< $Z:4 BD,*FH"&:,>Z & JFH">@&:,>>Z, FD@84.

29. % B@FH">@&:,>44 @H 26 4`>b 1992 (@*" (I.C.J.Reports 1992 , p. 237) EJ*, &ZbF>4&

<>,>4b FH@D@>, D"FB@Db*4:Fb, RH@$Z B@ &@BD@FJ @ `D4F*48P44 4 BD4,<:,<@FH4 2"b&:,>4b

2"b&4H,:\ BD,*FH"&4: @H&,H, " @H&,HR48 - D,B:48J >" @H&,H. ?> @BD,*,:4: 28 F,>Hb$Db 1992 (@*"

& 8"R,FH&, FD@8" *:b @H&,H" 7"H"D" 4 29 *,8"$Db 1992 (@*" - *:b D,B:484 >" @H&,H #"ND,6>".7"8 @H&,H, H"8 4 D,B:48" >" @H&,H $Z:4 BD,*FH"&:,>Z & JFH">@&:,>>Z, FD@84.

30. 7"H"D & 8"R,FH&, FJ*\4 ad hoc 42$D": (- >" M@F, ;"D4` CJ*J, " #"ND,6> - (- >" =48@:"F"%":H48@F". A@F:, F<,DH4 (- >" CJ*Z 7"H"D 42$D": & 8"R,FH&, FJ*\4 ad hoc (- >" E">H\b(@ G@DD,F"#,D>"D*,F".

31. IFH>@, FJ*@BD@42&@*FH&@ BD@N@*4:@ F 28 L,&D":b B@ 11 <"DH" 1994 (@*". % N@*, &@F\<4

@H8DZHZN 2"F,*">46 EJ* 2"F:JT": 2"b&:,>4b, F*,:">>Z, @H 4<,>4 7"H"D" 4 #"ND,6>".

32. =" @H8DZH@< 2"F,*">44 1 4`:b 1994 (@*" EJ* &Z>,F D,T,>4, (I.C.J.Reports 1994 ,p. 112), & 8@H@D@< @> B@FH">@&4:, RH@ @$<,> <,0*J 8@D@:,< E"J*@&F8@6 !D"&44 4 ^<4D@<

7"H"D" B4F\<"<4 @H 19 4 21 *,8"$Db 1987 (@*" 4 <,0*J 8@D@:,< E"J*@&F8@6 !D"&44 4 ^<4D@<

- 5 -

#"ND,6>" B4F\<"<4 @H 19 4 26 *,8"$Db 1987 (@*" 4 *@8J<,>H B@* >"2&">4,< " AD@H@8@:",B@*B4F">>Z6 & )@N, 25 *,8"$Db 1990 (@*" <4>4FHD"<4 4>@FHD">>ZN *,: #"ND,6>", 7"H"D" 4

E"J*@&F8@6 !D"&44, BD,*FH"&:b`H F@$@6 <,0*J>"D@*>Z, F@(:"T,>4b, F@2*"`V4, BD"&" 4

@$b2"H,:\FH&" *:b FH@D@>; 4 RH@ B@ JF:@&4b< ^H4N F@(:"T,>46 FH@D@>Z @$b2":4F\ B,D,*"H\ FB@D

<,0*J >4<4 & B@:>@< @$X,<, & EJ*, 8"8 ^H@ BD,*B4FZ&",HFb " #"ND,6>F8@6 L@D<J:@6". ?H<,H4&,RH@ @> 4<,: & F&@,< D"FB@Db0,>44 H@:\8@ 2"b&:,>4, 7"H"D" F 42:@0,>4,< 8@>8D,H>ZN HD,$@&">46

^H@(@ (@FJ*"DFH&" & F&b24 F ^H@6 L@D<J:@6, EJ* B@FH">@&4: *"H\ FH@D@>"< &@2<@0>@FH\

BD,*FH"&4H\ ,<J FB@D & B@:>@< @$X,<,. ?> JFH">@&4: 30 >@b$Db 1994 (@*" & 8"R,FH&, FD@8", *@

4FH,R,>4b 8@H@D@(@ FH@D@>Z F@&<,FH>@ 4:4 & @H*,:\>@FH4 *@:0>Z $Z:4 BD4>bH\ <,DZ & ^H@6

F&b24, 4 @FH"&4: &F, *DJ(4, &@BD@FZ *:b B@F:,*J`V,(@ D,T,>4b.

33. EJ*\b S"N"$J**4> BD4:@04: 8 D,T,>4` 2"b&:,>4, (I.C.J.Reports 1994 , p. 129);%4P,- AD,*F,*"H,:\ S&,$,:\ 4 FJ*\b ad hoc %":H48@F BD4:@04:4 @H*,:\>Z, <>,>4b (ibid.,pp. 130 and 132); 4 FJ*\b ?*" BD4:@04: F&@, @F@$@, <>,>4, (ibid., p. 133).

34. 30 >@b$Db 1994 (@*", H. ,. & *,>\, @BD,*,:,>>Z6 & D,T,>44 @H 1 4`:b, EJ* B@:JR4: @H

BD,*FH"&4H,:b 7"H"D" B4F\<@, BD,BD@&@0*"`V,, " !8H @ &ZB@:>,>44 B@:@0,>46 B@*BJ>8H@& 3 4 4BJ>8H" 41 B@FH">@&:b`V,6 R"FH4 D,T,>4b EJ*" @H 1 4`:b 1994 (@*"". % H@H 0, *,>\ EJ*

B@:JR4: F@@$V,>4, @H BD,*FH"&4H,:b #"ND,6>", BD,BD@&@0*"`V,, *@8J<,>H, @2"(:"&:,>>Z6

" )@8:"* '@FJ*"DFH&" #"ND,6> ;,0*J>"D@*>@<J EJ*J @$ JF4:4bN FH@D@> B@ &ZB@:>,>4` D,T,>4b

EJ*" @H 1 4`:b 1994 (@*"".

35. E JR,H@< ^H4N F@@$V,>46 EJ* &@2@$>@&4: D"FF<@HD,>4, *,:".

36. =" @H8DZH@< 2"F,*">44 15 L,&D":b 1995 (@*" EJ* &Z>,F D,T,>4, @ `D4F*48P44 4

BD4,<:,<@FH4 (I.C.J.Reports 1995 , p. 6), & 8@H@D@< @> B@FH">@&4:, RH@ @> @$:"*",H

`D4F*48P4,6 D"FF<"HD4&"H\ BD,*FH"&:,>>Z6 >" ,(@ D"FF<@HD,>4, FB@D <,0*J '@FJ*"DFH&@< 7"H"D 4

'@FJ*"DFH&@< #"ND,6> 4 RH@ 2"b&:,>4, '@FJ*"DFH&" 7"H"D @H 30 >@b$Db 1994 (@*" b&:b,HFb

BD4,<:,<Z<.

37. %4P,- AD,*F,*"H,:\ S&,$,:\, FJ*\4 ?*", S"N"$J**4> 4 7@D@<" 4 FJ*\b ad hoc %":H48@F

BD4:@04:4 8 D,T,>4` @F@$Z, <>,>4b (I.C.J.Reports 1995 , pp. 27, 40, 51, 67 4 74).

38. EJ*\b ad hoc %":H48@F B@ 2"&,DT,>44 FH"*44 D"2$4D"H,:\FH&", >" 8@H@D@6 &Z>@F4HFb

D,T,>4, @ `D4F*48P44 4 BD4,<:,<@FH4, B@*": & @HFH"&8J.

39. % B@FH">@&:,>44 @H 28 "BD,:b 1995 (@*" (I.C.J.Reports 1995 , p. 83) EJ*, &ZbF>4&

<>,>4, 7"H"D" 4 BD,*@FH"&4& #"ND,6>J &@2<@0>@FH\ 42:@04H\ F&@, <>,>4,, JFH">@&4: 29 L,&D":b

1996 (@*" & 8"R,FH&, FD@8" *:b BD,*FH"&:,>4b 8"0*@6 42 FH@D@> <,<@D">*J<" B@ FJV,FH&J *,:".A@ BD@F\$, #"ND,6>" 4 &ZbF>4& <>,>4, 7"H"D", EJ* B@FH">@&:,>4,< @H 1 L,&D":b 1996 (@*"

(I.C.J.Reports 1996 , p. 6) BD@*:4: ^H@H FD@8 *@ 30 F,>Hb$Db 1996 (@*". ?$" <,<@D">*J<"

$Z:4 BD,*FH"&:,>Z *@ 4FH,R,>4b ^H@(@ BD@*:,>>@(@ FD@8".

40. % B@FH">@&:,>44 @H 30 @8Hb$Db 1996 (@*" (I.C.J. Reports , p. 800) AD,*F,*"H,:\ EJ*" F

JR,H@< <>,>46 FH@D@> JFH">@&4: 31 *,8"$Db 1997 (@*" & 8"R,FH&, FD@8" *:b BD,*FH"&:,>4b 8"0*@6

42 FH@D@> 8@>HD- <,<@D">*J<" B@ FJV,FH&J *,:".

41. A@F8@:\8J FJ*\b ad hoc %":H48@F B@*": & @HFH"&8J, #"ND,6> &Z$D": & 8"R,FH&, FJ*\4

ad hoc (- >" ;@N"<,*" S"N"$J**4>". % F&@` @R,D,*\ B@F:, H@(@, 8"8 FJ*\b ad hoc S"N"$J**4>

B@*": & @HFH"&8J, #"ND,6> &Z$D": & 8"R,FH&, FJ*\4 ad hoc (- >" 3&" 9. K@DH\,.

42. % B4F\<, @H 25 F,>Hb$Db 1997 (@*" #"ND,6> F@@$V4: EJ*J @ H@<, RH@ @> @FB"D4&",H

B@*:4>>@FH\ 81 *@8J<,>H", BD,*FH"&:,>>@(@ 7"H"D@< & &4*, BD4:@0,>46 8 ,(@ <,<@D">*J<J, 4

- 6 -

BD,*FH"&4: B@*D@$>Z6 ">":42 & @$@F>@&">4, ^H@(@ BD@H,FH". 1"b&4&, RH@ ^H@H &@BD@F " >, 4<,,H@H>@T,>4b 8 FJV,FH&J *,:"", #"ND,6> @$Xb&4:, RH@ @> >, $J*,H JR4HZ&"H\ F@*,D0">4, ^H4N

*@8J<,>H@& BD4 B@*(@H@&8, F&@,(@ 8@>HD<,<@D">*J<".

43. % B4F\<, @H 8 @8Hb$Db 1997 (@*" 7"H"D 2"b&4:, RH@, B@ ,(@ <>,>4`, &@2D"0,>4b,&Z*&4>JHZ, #"ND,6>@<, F&b2">Z F FJV,FH&@< *,:", >@ RH@ EJ* >, <@0,H " @04*"H\, RH@ 7"H"D >"

>Z>,T>,6 FH"*44 B@*(@H@&84 F&@,(@ 8@>HD<,<@D">*J<" &ZF8"0,H 8@<<,>H"D44 & @H>@T,>44

B@*D@$>ZN JH&,D0*,>46 #"ND,6>"".

44. A@F:, H@(@, 8"8 & B@F:,*J`V,< B4F\<, #"ND,6> 2"b&4:, RH@ 4FB@:\2@&">4, 7"H"D@<

*@8J<,>H@&, & @H>@T,>44 8@H@DZN $Z: 2"b&:,> BD@H,FH, B@&:,8:@ 2" F@$@6 " BD@P,*JD>Z,HDJ*>@FH4, 8@H@DZ, 2"HD"(4&"`H F"<J @F>@&J JB@Db*@R,>>@(@ D"FF<@HD,>4b *,:"", 4 RH@ BD@42@T:@

>@&@, F@$ZH4,, F&b2">>@, F @P,>8@6 B@*:4>>@FH4 F@@H&,HFH&J`V4N *@8J<,>H@&, AD,*F,*"H,:\ EJ*"

BD@&,: 25 >@b$Db 1997 (@*" &FHD,RJ F@ FH@D@>"<4, >" 8@H@D@6 $Z:@ *@FH4(>JH@, & R"FH>@FH4,F@(:"F4, @ H@<, RH@ 8@>HD<,<@D">*J<Z >, $J*JH 8"F"H\Fb &@BD@F" @ B@*:4>>@FH4 *@8J<,>H@&,BD,*FH"&:,>>ZN 7"H"D@<, 4 RH@ *DJ(4, F@FHb2"H,:\>Z, $J<"(4 $J*JH BD,*FH"&:,>Z FH@D@>"<4 >"

$@:,, B@2*>,< ^H"B,.

45. 7@>HD<,<@D">*J<Z FH@D@> $Z:4 BD,*FH"&:,>Z *@:0>Z< @$D"2@<, 4 @$<,> 4<4 $Z:

BD@42&,*,> 23 *,8"$Db 1997 (@*".

46. 17 <"DH" 1998 (@*" AD,*F,*"H,:\ BD@&,: ,V, @*>J &FHD,RJ *:b &ZbF>,>4b <>,>46 FH@D@> &

@H>@T,>44 B@F:,*J`V,6 BD@P,*JDZ. 7"H"D BD,*:@04:, RH@$Z EJ* JFH">@&4: 8@>,P <"DH"

1999 (@*" & 8"R,FH&, FD@8" *:b B@*"R4 @H&,H" 8"0*@6 42 FH@D@>, 4 2"b&4:, RH@ & ^H@< F:JR", @>

F<@0,H BD4:@04H\ 8 F&@,<J @H&,HJ &F,@$X,<:`V46 *@8:"* B@ &@BD@FJ @ B@*:4>>@FH4 *@8J<,>H@&;8D@<, H@(@, @> BD,*:@04: BD,*FH"&4H\ EJ*J 8 8@>PJ F,>Hb$Db 1998 (@*" BD@<,0JH@R>Z6 *@8:"*

B@ ^H@<J &@BD@FJ, >" 8@H@DZ6 #"ND,6> F<@( $Z @HD,"(4D@&"H\ & F&@,< @H&,H,. #"ND,6> >,

&@FBD4>b: BD,*:@0,>>J` 7"H"D@< BD@P,*JDJ 8"8 >,D"2J<>J` 4:4 >,FBD"&,*:4&J` 4 >, &@2D"24:

BD@H4& >,,.

47. A@FH">@&:,>4,< @H 30 <"DH" 1998 (@*" EJ* JFH">@&4: 30 F,>Hb$Db 1998 (@*" & 8"R,FH&,

FD@8" *:b BD,*FH"&:,>4b BD@<,0JH@R>@(@ *@8:"*" 7"H"D" 4 D"FB@Db*4:Fb, RH@$Z 8"0*"b 42 FH@D@>

BD,*FH"&4:" @H&,H *@ 30 <"DH" 1999 (@*".

2, 3. %@BD@FZ H@:8@&">4b 4 BD4<,>,>4b ;@>D,":\F8@6 8@>&,>P44 1971 (@*",&@2>48T4, & F&b24 F &@2*JT>Z< 4>P4*,>H@< & 9@8,D$4 ( 94&46F8"b!D"$F8"b )0"<"N4D4b BD@H4& E@,*4>,>>@(@ 7@D@:,&FH&"), 4 %@BD@FZ

H@:8@&">4b 4 BD4<,>,>4b ;@>D,":\F8@6 8@>&,>P44 1971 (@*",&@2>48T4, & F&b24 F &@2*JT>Z< 4>P4*,>H@< & 9@8,D$4 ( 94&46F8"b!D"$F8"b )0"<"N4D4b BD@H4& E@,*4>,>>ZN SH"H@& !<,D484)

48. 3 <"DH" 1992 (@*" BD"&4H,:\FH&@ E@P4":4FH4R,F8@6 ="D@*>@6 94&46F8@6 !D"$F8@6

)0"<"N4D44 B@*":@ & E,8D,H"D4"H EJ*" *&" @H*,:\>ZN 2"b&:,>4b @ &@2$J0*,>44 *,:" BD@H4&

BD"&4H,:\FH&" E@,*4>,>>@(@ 7@D@:,&FH&" %,:48@$D4H">44 4 E,&,D>@6 3D:">*44 4 BD@H4&

E@,*4>,>>ZN SH"H@& !<,D484 & @H>@T,>44 FB@D" B@ &@BD@FJ @ H@:8@&">44 4 BD4<,>,>44

;@>D,":\F8@6 8@>&,>P44 @H 23 F,>Hb$Db 1971 (@*", FB@D", F&b2">>@(@ F *,6FH&4b<4, 8@H@DZ,

BD4&,:4 8 &@2*JT>@<J 4>P4*,>HJ 21 *,8"$Db 1988 (@*" >"* 9@8,D$4, S@H:">*4b.

49. % ^H4N *&JN 2"b&:,>4bN 94&4b F@F:":"F\ >" BD,*Xb&:,>4, @$&4>,>46 *&J< :4&46F84<

(D"0*">"< 9@D*- "*&@8"H@< S@H:">*44 4 $@:\T4< 0`D4 E@,*4>,>>ZN SH"H@&, F@@H&,HFH&,>>@, &

F&b24 F H,<, RH@ ^H4 :4&46F84, (D"0*">, B@*:@04:4 $@<$J & F"<@:,H "&4"8@<B">44 " A"> !<",F:,*@&"&T46 D,6F@< 103. %B@F:,*FH&44 $@<$" &2@D&":"F\ >"* 9@8,D$4, & D,2J:\H"H, R,(@ F"<@:,H

D"2$4:Fb 4 270 R,:@&,8 B@(4$:4.

- 7 -

50. 94&4b 2"b&4:", RH@ JB@<4>",<Z, "8HZ BD,*FH"&:b`H F@$@6 BD"&@>"DJT,>4, B@ F<ZF:J FH"H\4

1 ;@>D,":\F8@6 8@>&,>P44, 8@H@D"b, B@ ,, <>,>4`, b&:b,HFb ,*4>FH&,>>@6 >"*:,0"V,6

7@>&,>P4,6, *,6FH&J`V,6 & @H>@T,>4bN <,0*J FH@D@>"<4, 4 2"b&4:", RH@ @>" & B@:>@< @$X,<,

&ZB@:>4:" F&@4 @$b2"H,:\FH&" B@ ^H@<J *@8J<,>HJ, FH"H\b 5 8@H@D@(@ HD,$J,H, RH@$Z (@FJ*"DFH&@

JFH">"&:4&":@ F&@` F@$FH&,>>J` `D4F*48P4` & @H>@T,>44 >"N@*bV4NFb >" ,(@ H,DD4H@D44

BD,*B@:"(",<ZN BD,FHJB>48@& & F:JR", 4N >,&Z*"R4; <,0*J 94&4,6 4 F@@H&,HFH&J`V4<4 *DJ(4<4

FH@D@>"<4 >, FJV,FH&J,H *@(@&@D" @ &Z*"R,, 4 94&4b, F@(:"F>@ FH"H\, 7 7@>&,>P44, @$b2">"

B,D,*"H\ *,:@ F&@4< 8@<B,H,>H>Z< @D(">"< *:b P,:,6 BD4&:,R,>4b 8 @H&,HFH&,>>@FH4.

51. 94&4b 2"b&4:", RH@ E@,*4>,>>@, 7@D@:,&FH&@ 4 E@,*4>,>>Z, SH"HZ >"DJT4:4 ;@>D,":\F8J`

8@>&,>P4` & F4:J H@(@, RH@ @>4 @H&,D(:4 ,, JF4:4b, >"BD"&:,>>Z, >" D,T,>4, ^H@(@ &@BD@F" &

D"<8"N <,0*J>"D@*>@(@ BD"&", &8:`R"b F"<J 7@>&,>P4`, @8"2"& >" 94&4` *"&:,>4,, F H,< RH@$Z

@>" &Z*":" ^H4N *&JN :4&46F84N (D"0*"> *:b BD,*">4b 4N FJ*J.

52. E@(:"F>@ ^H4< *&J< 2"b&:,>4b<, D,T4H\ &@2>48T46 H"84< @$D"2@< FB@D BJH,< B,D,(@&@D@&

>,&@2<@0>@; F@@H&,HFH&J`V4, (@FJ*"DFH&" H"80, >, F<@(:4 *@(@&@D4H\Fb 4 @ F@2*">44 "D$4HD"0"

*:b F:JT">4b *,:". % ^H@6 F&b24 94&46F8"b !D"$F8"b )0"<"N4D4b B,D,*":" ^H4 FB@DZ & EJ* >"

@F>@&">44 BJ>8H" 1 FH"H\4 14 ;@>D,":\F8@6 8@>&,>P44.

53. 94&4b @$D"H4:"F\ 8 EJ*J F BD@F\$@6 &Z>,FH4 D,T,>4, 4 @$Xb&4H\ F:,*J`V,,:

") RH@ 94&4b B@:>@FH\` &ZB@:>4:" &F, F&@4 @$b2"H,:\FH&" B@ ;@>D,":\F8@6 8@>&,>P44;

b) RH@ E@,*4>,>>@, 7@D@:,&FH&@ 4 E@,*4>,>>Z, SH"HZ, F@@H&,HFH&,>>@, >"DJT4:4 4

BD@*@:0"`H >"DJT"H\ F&@4 `D4*4R,F84, @$b2"H,:\FH&" B,D,* 94&4,6 B@ FH"H\b< 5 (2), 5 (3),7, 8 (2) 4 11 ;@>D,":\F8@6 8@>&,>P44; 4

F) RH@ E@,*4>,>>@, 7@D@:,&FH&@ 4 E@,*4>,>>Z, SH"HZ, F@@H&,HFH&,>>@, `D4*4R,F84

@$b2">Z >,<,*:,>>@ BD,8D"H4H\ H"84, >"DJT,>4b 4 &@2*,D04&"H\Fb @H >4N & $J*JV,<, " H"80,

BD,8D"H4H\ BD4<,>,>4, :`$@6 F4:Z 4:4 J(D@2 & @H>@T,>44 94&44, &8:`R"b J(D@2J F4:@6 &

@H>@T,>44 94&44, &@2*,D04&"H\Fb @H :`$ZN B@Fb("H,:\FH& >" FJ&,D,>4H,H, H,DD4H@D4":\>J`

P,:@FH>@FH\ 4 B@:4H4R,F8J` >,2"&4F4<@FH\ 94&44.

54. A@2*>,, & H@H 0, *,>\ 94&4b BD,*FH"&4:" & EJ* *&, @H*,:\>Z, BD@F\$Z @ >,<,*:,>>@<

J8"2">44 F:,*J`V4N &D,<,>>ZN <,D:

") 2"BD,H4H\ E@,*4>,>>@<J 7@D@:,&FH&J 4 E@,*4>,>>Z< SH"H"<, F@@H&,HFH&,>>@,BD4>4<"H\ 8"84, $Z H@ >4 $Z:@ <,DZ BD@H4& 94&44 F P,:\` BD4>J*4H\ 4:4 2"FH"&4H\ 94&4`

&Z*"H\ @$&4>b,<ZN :4P 8"8@<J $Z H@ >4 $Z:@ B@:>@<@R>@<J @D(">J 2" BD,*,:"<4 94&44; 4

b) @$,FB,R4H\, RH@$Z >, F@&,DT":4F\ *,6FH&4b, 8@H@DZ, 8"84<- :4$@ @$D"2@< <@(:4 $Z

>">,FH4 JV,D$ BD"&"< 94&44 & F&b24 F D"2$4D"H,:\FH&@< B@ FJV,FH&J *&JN 2"b&:,>46 94&44.

55. % ^H4N BD@F\$"N 94&4b BD@F4:" H"80, AD,*F,*"H,:b *@ 2"F,*">4b EJ*" @FJV,FH&4H\

B@:>@<@R4,, &@2:@0,>>@, >" >,(@ BJ>8H@< 4 FH"H\4 74 C,(:"<,>H" EJ*", - BD42&"H\ FH@D@>Z

&,FH4 F,$b H"84< @$D"2@<, RH@$Z :`$@, B@FH">@&:,>4,, 8@H@D@, EJ* <@0,H &Z>,FH4 B@ BD@F\$,

94&44 @H>@F4H,:\>@ J8"2">4b &D,<,>>ZN <,D, <@(:@ $ZH\ >"*:,0"V4< @$D"2@< @FJV,FH&:,>@.

56. % B4F\<, @H 6 <"DH" 1992 (@*" `D4F8@>FJ:\H (@FJ*"DFH&,>>@(@ *,B"DH"<,>H" E@,*4>,>>ZN

SH"H@&, F@ FFZ:8@6 >" 8@>8D,H>J` BD@F\$J 94&44, 8@H@DJ` @>" >" @F>@&">44 BJ>8H" 4 FH"H\4 74C,(:"<,>H" EJ*" &ZF8"2":" & F&@,6 BD@F\$, @$ J8"2">44 &D,<,>>ZN <,D, 2"b&4:, & R"FH>@FH4, RH@

- 8 -

" &&4*J @HFJHFH&4b 8"84N- :4$@ 8@>8D,H>ZN F&4*,H,:\FH& >,@$N@*4<@FH4 BD4>bH4b FD@R>ZN <,D& F&b24 F BD@F\$@6 4 F@$ZH4b<4, 4<,`V4<4 @H>@T,>4, 8 BD@4FN@*bV,<J & >"FH@bV,,

&D,4` ^H@(@ *,:" E@&,H@< #,2@B"F>@FH4 4 ',>,D":\>Z< F,8D,H"D,<, ... <,DZ,@ 8@H@DZN BD@F4H 94&4b, b&:b`HFb 42:4T>4<4 4 <@(JH $ZH\ >,BD"&4:\>@ 4FH@:8@&">Z".

57. % 8"R,FH&, FJ*\4 "d h@F & @$@4N *,:"N 94&4b 42$D":" (- >" !N<,*" E. ^:\- 7@T,D4.

58. % >"R":, F:JT">46, B@F&bV,>>ZN D"FF<@HD,>4` BD@F\$Z @$ J8"2">44 &D,<,>>ZN <,D @H

26 <"DH" 1992 (@*", %4P,- AD,*F,*"H,:\ EJ*", BD,*F,*"H,:\FH&@&"&T46 B@ ^H@<J *,:J, F@F:":Fb >"

BD@F\$J 94&44, &ZF8"2">>J` >" @F>@&">44 BJ>8H" 4 FH"H\4 74 C,(:"<,>H" EJ*", 4 2"b&4:, RH@

B@F:, F"<@(@ HV"H,:\>@(@ 42JR,>4b &F,N @$FH@bH,:\FH&, 8@H@DZ, $Z:4 ,<J 42&,FH>Z >" H@H

<@<,>H, @> BD4T,: 8 &Z&@*J @ H@<, RH@ ,<J >, B@*@$",H @FJV,FH&:bH\ *4F8D,P4@>>@,

B@:>@<@R4,, &@2:"(",<@, >" AD,*F,*"H,:b F@(:"F>@ ^H@<J B@:@0,>4`. =" BbH4 @H8DZHZN

2"F,*">4bN 26, 27 4 28 <"DH" 1992 (@*" @$, FH@D@>Z B@ 8"0*@<J 42 *&JN *,: BD,*FH"&4:4

JFH>Z, *@&@*Z & @H>@T,>44 BD@F\$Z @$ J8"2">44 &D,<,>>ZN <,D.

59. =" @H8DZH@< 2"F,*">44 14 "BD,:b 1992 (@*" EJ* @(:"F4: *&" B@FH">@&:,>4b B@ BD@F\$"< @$

J8"2">44 &D,<,>>ZN <,D, BD,*FH"&:,>>Z< 94&4,6 (I.C.J.Reports 1992 , pp. 3 and 114), &

8@H@DZN @> &Z>,F D,T,>4, @ H@<, RH@ @$FH@bH,:\FH&" @$@4N *,: >, HD,$J`H @FJV,FH&:,>4b 4<

B@:>@<@R4b B@ J8"2">4` H"84N <,D.

60. 3FB@:>b`V46 @$b2">>@FH4 AD,*F,*"H,:b ?*" (ibid., pp. 17 and 129) 4 FJ*\b =4

(ibid., pp. 20 and 132) BD4:@04:4 8 B@FH">@&:,>4b< EJ*" B@ 2"b&:,>4`; FJ*\4 ]&,>F,>,G"D"F@&, '46@< 4 !(4:"D ;@*F:4 BD4:@04:4 F@&<,FH>@, 2"b&:,>4, (ibid., pp. 24 and 136).EJ*\4 9bNF (ibid., pp. 26 and 138) 4 S"N"$J**4> (ibid., pp. 28 and 140) BD4:@04:4

@H*,:\>Z, <>,>4b; 4 FJ*\4 #,*0"J4 (ibid., pp. 33 and 143), %4D"<">HD4 (ibid., pp. 50and 160), C">*2,&" (ibid., pp. 72 and 182), !*04$@:" (ibid., pp. 78 and 183) 4 FJ*\b

ad hoc ^:\- 7@T,D4 (ibid., pp. 94 and 199) BD4:@04:4 8 B@FH">@&:,>4b< @F@$Z, <>,>4b.

61. % B@FH">@&:,>4bN @H 19 4`>b 1992 (@*" (I.C.J.Reports 1992 , pp. 231 and 234) EJ*,BD4>b& &@ &>4<">4,, RH@ F@@H&,HFH&J`V4, FD@84 $Z:4 F@(:"F@&">Z FH@D@>"<4 >" &FHD,R, 5 4`>b

1992 (@*" F %4P,- AD,*F,*"H,:,< EJ*", BD,*F,*"H,:\FH&@&"&T4< B@ ^H4< *&J< *,:"<, JFH">@&4:

20 *,8"$Db 1993 (@*" & 8"R,FH&, FD@8" *:b BD,*FH"&:,>4b <,<@D">*J<" 94&44 4 20 4`>b 1995 (@*" -8@>HD<,<@D">*J<@& E@,*4>,>>@(@ 7@D@:,&FH&" 4 E@,*4>,>>ZN SH"H@& !<,D484. ;,<@D">*J<Z

$Z:4 BD,*FH"&:,>Z & JFH">@&:,>>Z6 FD@8.

62. 16 4 20 4`>b 1995 (@*", F@@H&,HFH&,>>@, E@,*4>,>>@, 7@D@:,&FH&@ 4 E@,*4>,>>Z, SH"HZ

!<,D484 BD,*FH"&4:4 BD,*&"D4H,:\>Z, &@2D"0,>4b & @H>@T,>44 `D4F*48P44 EJ*" & R"FH4 BD4>bH4b

8 D"FF<@HD,>4` 2"b&:,>4b 94&46F8@6 !D"$F8@6 )0"<"N4D44.

63. % F@@H&,HFH&44 F BJ>8H@< 3 FH"H\4 79 C,(:"<,>H" EJ*" B@ B@:JR,>44 BD,*&"D4H,:\>ZN

&@2D"0,>46 FJ*@BD@42&@*FH&@ B@ FJV,FH&J *,:" BD4@FH">"&:4&",HFb; 2"H,<, F@(:"F>@ B@:@0,>4b<

*">>@6 FH"H\4, *@:0>@ $ZH\ @D(">42@&">@ D"FF<@HD,>4, ^H4N BD,*&"D4H,:\>ZN &@2D"0,>46.

64. A@F:, F@FH@b&T,6Fb 9 F,>Hb$Db 1995 (@*" &FHD,R4 AD,*F,*"H,:b EJ*" F BD,*FH"&4H,:b<4

FH@D@>, BD@&,*,>>@6 & P,:bN &ZbF>,>4b <>,>46 B@F:,*>4N, EJ* & B@FH">@&:,>4bN @H 22 F,>Hb$Db

1995 (@*" (I.C.J.Reports 1995 , p D. 282 and 285) JFH">@&4: B@ 8"0*@<J 42 *,: 22 *,8"$Db

1995 (@*" & 8"R,FH&, FD@8", *@ 4FH,R,>4b 8@H@D@(@ 94&46F8"b !D"$F8"b )0"<"N4D4b <@(:"

BD,*FH"&4H\ B4F\<,>>@, 42:@0,>4, F&@4N 2"<,R">46 4 F@@$D"0,>46 B@ B@&@*J BD,*&"D4H,:\>ZN

&@2D"0,>46, 2"b&:,>>ZN F@@H&,HFH&,>>@ E@,*4>,>>Z< 7@D@:,&FH&@< 4 E@,*4>,>>Z<4 SH"H"<4

!<,D484. 94&4b BD,*FH"&4:" H"84, 42:@0,>4b & JFH">@&:,>>Z6 FD@8.

65. ',>,D":\>Z6 F,8D,H"D\ ;,0*J>"D@*>@6 @D(">42"P44 (D"0*">F8@6 "&4"P44, 8@H@D@<J &

F@@H&,HFH&44 F BJ>8H@< 3 FH"H\4 34 EH"HJH" F@@$V4:4 @ &@2>48>@&,>44 FB@D" B@ B@&@*J

- 9 -

H@:8@&">4b 7@>&,>P44 @ $@D\$, F >,2"8@>>Z<4 "8H"<4, >"BD"&:,>>Z<4 BD@H4& $,2@B"F>@FH4

(D"0*">F8@6 "&4"P44, 2"8:`R,>>@6 & ;@>D,":, 23 F,>Hb$Db 1971 (@*", & *&JN *,:"N 4

BD,BD@&@*4:4 8@B44 *@8J<,>H@& B4F\<,>>@(@ BD@42&@*FH&", F@@$V4: EJ*J, RH@ ^H" ?D(">42"P4b

" B@8" >, <@0,H BD,*FH"&4H\ >48"84N 2"<,R">46", BD@F4&, @*>"8@, 4>L@D<4D@&"H\ ,(@ @ N@*,

D"2$4D"H,:\FH&" B@ ^H4< *&J< *,:"<, RH@$Z @BD,*,:4H\ P,:,F@@$D"2>@FH\ BD,*FH"&:,>4b 2"<,R">46

>" $@:,, B@2*>,< ^H"B,.

66. ?H8DZHZ, 2"F,*">4b *:b BD@&,*,>4b JFH>ZN BD,>46 FH@D@> B@ &@BD@FJ @ BD,*&"D4H,:\>ZN

&@2D"0,>4bN, &Z*&4>JHZN E@,*4>,>>Z< 7@D@:,&FH&@< 4 E@,*4>,>>Z<4 SH"H"<4 !<,D484, $Z:4

BD@&,*,>Z 13-22 @8Hb$Db 1997 (@*".

67. =" BJ$:4R>ZN 2"F,*">4bN 27 L,&D":b 1998 (@*" EJ* &Z>,F F&@4 D,T,>4b & @H>@T,>44

BD,*&"D4H,:\>ZN &@2D"0,>46.

68. AJ>8H B@FH">@&:b`V,6 R"FH4 D,T,>4b B@ *,:J 94&44 BD@H4& E@,*4>,>>@(@ 7@D@:,&FH&"

(:"F4H F:,*J`V,,:

" A@ ^H4< BD4R4>"<:

EI)

1) a) HD4>"*P"H\` (@:@F"<4 BD@H4& HD,N @H8:@>b,H &@2D"0,>4, & @H>@T,>44

`D4F*48P44, &Z*&4>JH@, E@,*4>,>>Z< 7@D@:,&FH&@< >" @F>@&">44 BD,*B@:"(",<@(@

@HFJHFH&4b FB@D" <,0*J FH@D@>"<4 @H>@F4H,:\>@ H@:8@&">4b 4:4 BD4<,>,>4b ;@>D,":\F8@6

8@>&,>P44 @H 23 F,>Hb$Db 1971 (@*";

'?9?E?%!93 1!: %4P,- AD,*F,*"H,:\ %4D"<">HD4, 4FB@:>b`V46 @$b2">>@FH4

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4:4 BD4<,>,>4b B@:@0,>46 ^H@6 7@>&,>P44;



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- 10 -

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23 F,>Hb$Db 1971 (@*";

- 11 -

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883 (1993) E@&,H" #,2@B"F>@FH4;



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- 12 -

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70. A@FH">@&:,>4b<4 @H 30 <"DH" 1998 (@*" EJ* JFH">@&4: 30 *,8"$Db 1998 (@*" & 8"R,FH&,

FD@8" *:b BD,*FH"&:,>4b 8@>HD<,<@D">*J<@& E@,*4>,>>@(@ 7@D@:,&FH&" 4 E@,*4>,>>ZN SH"H@&

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>,LH,*@$Z&"`V4N 8@<B:,8F@&, BD4>"*:,0"V4N ="P4@>":\>@6 4D">F8@6 >,LH,*@$Z&"`V,6 8@<B">44

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- 13 -

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75. % B@FH">@&:,>44 @H 4 *,8"$Db 1992 (@*" (I.C.J.Reports 1992 , p. 763) AD,*F,*"H,:\

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BD,*FH"&4H\ B4F\<,>>@, 42:@0,>4, F&@4N 2"<,R">46 4 F@@$D"0,>46 @H>@F4H,:\>@ &@2D"0,>4b.G"8@, B4F\<,>>@, 42:@0,>4, $Z:@ BD,*FH"&:,>@ & JFH">@&:,>>Z6 FD@8.

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81. EJ*\4 S"N"$J**4>, C">*2,&", M4((4>F 4 A"DD"- !D">(JD,> 4 FJ*\b ad hoc C4(@ BD4:@04:4

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82. A@FH">@&:,>4,< @H 16 *,8"$Db 1996 (@*" (I.C.J. Reports 1996 , p. 902) AD,*F,*"H,:\

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- 14 -

2. QH@ B@^H@<J 3F:"<F8"b C,FBJ$:48" 3D"> @$b2">" BD@42&,FH4 & B@:>@< @$X,<,

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',DP,(@&4>Z 4:4 >" H,DD4H@D44 ^H@(@ (@FJ*"DFH&".

3. E"<" _(@F:"&4b ( E,D$4b 4 Q,D>@(@D4b) *@:0>" >,<,*:,>>@ BD,8D"H4H\ 4 &BD,*\

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*@:0>@FH>Z, :4P", "(,>HZ, FH"&:,>>484 4:4 F4:Z, BD@H4& >"D@*", (@FJ*"DFH&" 4

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#@F>4,6 4 ',DP,(@&4>@6.

4. % >Z>,T>,6 F4HJ"P44 BD"&4H,:\FH&@ #@F>44 4 ',DP,(@&4>Z 4<,,H BD"&@

@$D"V"H\Fb 2" B@**,D08@6 8 *DJ(4< (@FJ*"DFH&"< 4 B@:JR"H\ ,, @H >4N, F H,< RH@$Z

2"V4H4H\ F,$b 4 F&@6 >"D@*, & H@< R4F:, B@FD,*FH&@< >,2"<,*:4H,:\>@(@ B@:JR,>4b

&@@DJ0,>4b, H,N>484 4 <"H,D4":\>ZN FD,*FH&.

5. % >Z>,T>,6 F4HJ"P44 BD"&4H,:\FH&@ #@F>44 4 ',DP,(@&4>Z 4<,,H BD"&@

@$D"V"H\Fb 8 :`$@<J (@FJ*"DFH&J, &ZFHJB"`V,<J & ,(@ 2"V4HJ, F BD@F\$@6 @ >,<,*:,>>@<

@8"2">44 B@<@V4, & H@< R4F:, B@FD,*FH&@< >,2"<,*:4H,:\>@(@ BD,*@FH"&:,>4b &@@DJ0,>4b,&@,>>@6 H,N>484 4 <"H,D4":\>ZN FD,*FH&, " H"80, &@@DJ0,>>ZN F4: ( F@:*"H, <"HD@F@&,:,HR48@& 4 H. *.).

6. % >Z>,T>,6 F4HJ"P44 :`$@, (@FJ*"DFH&@ 4<,,H BD"&@ >,<,*:,>>@ BD46H4 >"

B@<@V\ #@F>44 4 ',DP,(@&4>, - B@ ,, BD@F\$,, - & H@< R4F:, B@FD,*FH&@<

>,2"<,*:4H,:\>@(@ BD,*@FH"&:,>4b @DJ04b, &@,>>@6 H,N>484 4 <"H,D4":\>ZN FD,*FH&, "

H"80, &@@DJ0,>>ZN F4: ( F@:*"H, <"HD@F@&, :,HR48@& 4 H. *.)".

94. E:JT">4b B@ BD@F\$, @$ J8"2">44 &D,<,>>ZN <,D F@FH@b:4F\ 1 4 2 "BD,:b 1993 (@*". ="

*&JN @H8DZHZN 2"F,*">4bN EJ* 2"F:JT": JFH>Z, F@@$D"0,>4b 8"0*@6 42 FH@D@>.

95. =" @H8DZH@< 2"F,*">44 8 "BD,:b 1993 (@*" AD,*F,*"H,:\ EJ*" @(:"F4: B@FH">@&:,>4, &

F&b24 F BD@F\$@6 #@F>44 4 ',DP,(@&4>Z @$ J8"2">44 &D,<,>>ZN <,D (I.C.J.Reports 1993 ,p. 3), & 8@H@D@< EJ* *@ &Z>,F,>4b F&@,(@ @8@>R"H,:\>@(@ D,T,>4b B@ *,:J, &@2$J0*,>>@<J

20 <"DH" 1993 (@*" C,FBJ$:48@6 #@F>4,6 4 ',DP,(@&4>@6 BD@H4& E@`2>@6 C,FBJ$:484 _(@F:"&44,J8"2": F:,*J`V4, &D,<,>>Z, <,DZ:

a) BD"&4H,:\FH&@ E@`2>@6 C,FBJ$:484 _(@F:"&44 ( E,D$4b 4 Q,D>@(@D4b) *@:0>@

>,2"<,*:4H,:\>@ - & F@@H&,HFH&44 F@ F&@4<4 @$b2"H,:\FH&"<4 B@ 7@>&,>P44 @ BD,*JBD,0*,>44

BD,FHJB:,>4b (,>@P4*" 4 >"8"2">44 2" >,(@ @H 9 *,8"$Db 1948 (@*" - BD4>bH\ &F, <,DZ & D"<8"N

F&@4N B@:>@<@R46 *:b BD,*@H&D"V,>4b F@&,DT,>4b BD,FHJB:,>4b (,>@P4*"; 4 BD"&4H,:\FH&@

E@`2>@6 C,FBJ$:484 _(@F:"&44 ( E,D$4b 4 Q,D>@(@D4b) *@:0>@, & R"FH>@FH4, @$,FB,R4H\, RH@$Z

- 19 -

>48"84, &@,>>Z,, B@:J&@,>>Z, 4:4 >,D,(J:bD>Z, &@@DJ0,>>Z, L@D<4D@&">4b, 8@H@DZ, <@(JH

B@:JR"H\ @H >,(@ J8"2">4b 4:4 B@**,D08J, " H"80, >48"84, @D(">42"P44 4:4 :4P", 8@H@DZ, <@(JH

>"N@*4H\Fb B@* ,(@ 8@>HD@:,<, DJ8@&@*FH&@< 4:4 &:4b>4,<, >, F@&,DT":4 >48"84N "8H@&

(,>@P4*", >, &FHJB":4 & 2"(@&@D & P,:bN F@&,DT,>4b "8H@& (,>@P4*", >, 2">4<":4F\ BDb<Z< 4

@H8DZHZ< B@*FHD,8"H,:\FH&@< 8 F@&,DT,>4` H"84N "8H@& 4 >, *,6FH&@&":4 & 8"R,FH&, F@JR"FH>48@&

"8H@& (,>@P4*" >4 BD@H4& <JFJ:\<">F8@(@ >"F,:,>4b #@F>44 4 ',DP,(@&4>Z, >4 BD@H4& :`$@6

*DJ(@6 >"P4@>":\>@6, ^H>4R,F8@6, D"F@&@6 4:4 D,:4(4@2>@6 (DJBBZ;

b) BD"&4H,:\FH&@ E@`2>@6 C,FBJ$:484 _(@F:"&44 ( E,D$4b 4 Q,D>@(@D4b) 4 BD"&4H,:\FH&@

C,FBJ$:484 #@F>44 4 ',DP,(@&4>Z >, *@:0>Z BD,*BD4>4<"H\ >48"84N *,6FH&46 4 *@:0>Z

@$,FB,R4H\, RH@$Z >, BD,*BD4>4<":@F\ >48"84N *,6FH&46, 8@H@DZ, <@(:4 $Z @F:@0>4H\ 4:4

2"Hb>JH\ BD@*@:0"`V46Fb FB@D & @H>@T,>44 BD,*JBD,0*,>4b BD,FHJB:,>4b (,>@P4*" 4 >"8"2">4b

2" >,(@ 4:4 2"HDJ*>4H\ ,(@ D"2D,T,>4,.

96. EJ*\b G"D"F@& BD4:@04: 8 B@FH">@&:,>4` 2"b&:,>4, (ibid., pp. 26-27).

97. A@FH">@&:,>4,< @H 16 "BD,:b 1993 (@*" (I.C.J.Reports 1993 , p. 29) AD,*F,*"H,:\

EJ*", BD4>4<"b &@ &>4<">4, F@(:"F4, FH@D@>, JFH">@&4: 15 @8Hb$Db 1993 (@*" & 8"R,FH&, FD@8"

*:b BD,*FH"&:,>4b <,<@D">*J<" #@F>44 4 ',DP,(@&4>Z 4 15 "BD,:b 1994 (@*" -8@>HD<,<@D">*J<" _(@F:"&44.

98. #@F>4b 4 ',DP,(@&4>" 42$D":" & 8"R,FH&, FJ*\4 "d h@F (- >" ]:4J 9"JH,DB"NH", " _(@F:"&4b

- (- >" ;4:,>8@ 7D,R".

99. 27 4`:b 1993 (@*" C,FBJ$:48" #@F>4b 4 ',DP,(@&4>" BD,*FH"&4:" &H@DJ` BD@F\$J @$

J8"2">44 &D,<,>>ZN <,D, 2"b&4& F:,*J`V,,:

" ]H@H RD,2&ZR"6>Z6 T"( BD,*BD4>4<",HFb & F&b24 F H,<, RH@ @H&,HR48 >"DJT4:

8"0*J` 42 HD,N <,D 2"V4HZ & 4>H,D,F"N #@F>44 4 ',DP,(@&4>Z, 8@H@DZ, $Z:4 J8"2">Z

EJ*@< 8 "BD,:b 1993 (@*", BD4R4>4& @(D@<>Z6 &D,* 8"8 >"D@*J, H"8 4 (@FJ*"DFH&J #@F>4b

4 ',DP,(@&4>". ?H&,HR48 >, H@:\8@ >, BD,8D"H4: F&@` 8"<B">4` (,>@P4*" BD@H4&

$@F>46F8@(@ >"D@*", $J*\ H@ <JFJ:\<">,, ND4FH4">,, ,&D,4, N@D&"HZ 4:4 F,D$Z, >@ 4 &

>"FH@bV,, &D,4DJ,H, (@H@&4H, 2"<ZT:b,H, BD,*:"(",H 4 @$FJ0*",H D"2*,:,D"FR:,>,>4,, ">>,8F4` 4 BD4F@,*4>,>4, FJ&,D,>>@(@ (@FJ*"DFH&" #@F>4b 4 ',DP,(@&4>" -R:,>" ?D(">42"P44 ?$X,*4>,>>ZN ="P46 - B@FD,*FH&@< (,>@P4*"".

100. 1"BD@T,>>Z, H@(*" &D,<,>>Z, <,DZ 2"8:`R":4F\ & F:,*J`V,<:

"1. _(@F:"&4b ( E,D$4b 4 Q,D>@(@D4b) *@:0>" >,<,*:,>>@ BD,8D"H4H\ @8"2">4, 4

&BD,*\ &@2*,D04&"H\Fb @H @8"2">4b, BDb<@(@ 4:4 8@F&,>>@(@, :`$@(@ &4*" B@**,D084,&8:`R"b @$JR,>4,, B@FH"&84 &@@DJ0,>46, @DJ04b, $@,BD4B"F@&, <"H,D4":\>ZN FD,*FH&,@8"2">4, B@<@V4, L4>">F4D@&">4,, DJ8@&@*FH&@ 4:4 :`$Z, *DJ(4, L@D<Z B@**,D084,:`$@6 FHD">,, (DJBB,, @D(">42"P44, *&40,>4`, &@,>>Z< L@D<4D@&">4b<, &@,>424D@&">>Z<

4:4 B@:J&@,>>Z< F4:"<, >,D,(J:bD>Z< &@@DJ0,>>Z< B@*D"2*,:,>4b< 4:4 @H*,:\>Z< :4P"< &

#@F>44 4 ',DP,(@&4>, B@ 8"8@6 $Z H@ >4 $Z:@ BD4R4>, 4:4 F 8"8@6 $Z H@ >4 $Z:@

P,:\`;

2. _(@F:"&4b ( E,D$4b 4 Q,D>@(@D4b) 4 &F, ,, (@FJ*"DFH&,>>Z, *,bH,:4, & H@<

R4F:, 4 & @F@$,>>@FH4 BD,24*,>H E,D$44 (- > E:@$@*"> ;4:@T,&4R, *@:0>Z >,<,*:,>>@

BD,8D"H4H\ 4 &@2*,D04&"H\Fb @H :`$ZN JF4:46, B:">@&, >"<,D,>46, 2"<ZF:@&, BD,*:@0,>46

4:4 B,D,(@&@D@&, >"BD"&:,>>ZN >" D"2*,:, D"FR:,>,>4,, ">>,8F4` 4:4 BD4F@,*4>,>4,

FJ&,D,>>@6 H,DD4H@D44 #@F>44 4 ',DP,(@&4>Z;

- 20 -

3. !>>,8F4b 4:4 BD4F@,*4>,>4, _(@F:"&4,6 ( E,D$4b 4 Q,D>@(@D4b) :`$@6

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4 B@ 8"84< $Z H@ >4 $Z:@ BD4R4>"< $J*,H FR4H"H\Fb >,2"8@>>Z<, >,*,6FH&4H,:\>Z< 4 >,

4<,`V4< `D4*4R,F8@6 F4:Z "b initi @;

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5. %F, *@(@&"D4&"`V4,Fb FH@D@>Z 7@>&,>P44 @ (,>@P4*, @$b2">Z F@(:"F>@ ,,

FH"H\, I " BD,*JBD,0*"H\" F@&,DT,>4, "8H@& (,>@P4*" BD@H4& >"D@*" 4 (@FJ*"DFH&" #@F>4b 4

',DP,(@&4>";

6. AD"&4H,:\FH&@ #@F>44 4 ',DP,(@&4>Z *@:0>@ D"FB@:"("H\ FD,*FH&"<4 *:b 2"V4HZ

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7. %F, *@(@&"D4&"`V4,Fb FH@D@>Z 7@>&,>P44 @ (,>@P4*, F@(:"F>@ ^H@6 8@>&,>P44

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8. ):b &ZB@:>,>4b F&@4N @$b2"H,:\FH& B@ 7@>&,>P44 @ (,>@P4*, & F:@04&T4NFb

@$FH@bH,:\FH&"N BD"&4H,:\FH&@ #@F>44 4 ',DP,(@&4>Z *@:0>@ 4<,H\ &@2<@0>@FH\ B@:JR"H\

&@@DJ0,>4b, H,N>48J 4 <"H,D4":\>Z, FD,*FH&" @H *DJ(4N *@(@&"D4&"`V4NFb FH@D@>.

9. ):b &ZB@:>,>4b F&@4N @$b2"H,:\FH& B@ 7@>&,>P44 @ (,>@P4*, & F:@04&T4NFb

@$FH@bH,:\FH&"N &F, *@(@&"D4&"`V4,Fb FH@D@>Z ^H@6 8@>&,>P44 *@:0>Z 4<,H\ &@2<@0>@FH\

BD,*@FH"&4H\ BD"&4H,:\FH&J #@F>44 4 ',DP,(@&4>Z B@ ,(@ BD@F\$, &@@DJ0,>4b, H,N>48J,<"H,D4":\>Z, FD,*FH&" 4 &@@DJ0,>>Z, F4:Z ( F@:*"H, <"HD@F@&, :,HR48@&).

10. E4:Z ?D(">42"P44 ?$X,*4>,>>ZN ="P46 B@ B@**,D0">4` <4D" & #@F>44 4

',DP,(@&4>, ( H. ,. E??=?) *@:0>Z *,:"H\ &F, @H >4N 2"&4FbV,, *:b @$,FB,R,>4b B@FH"&@8

(J<">4H"D>@6 B@<@V4 $@F>46F8@<J >"D@*J R,D,2 $@F>46F846 (@D@* GJ2:"".

101. 5 "&(JFH" 1993 (@*" AD,*F,*"H,:\ EJ*" >"BD"&4: @$,4< FH@D@>"< B@F:">4,, & 8@H@D@<

F@*,D0":"F\ FFZ:8" >" BJ>8H 4 FH"H\4 74 C,(:"<,>H" EJ*", B@2&@:b`V46 ,<J *@ F@2Z&" 2"F,*">4b

EJ*" " BD,*:@04H\ EH@D@>"< *,6FH&@&"H\ H"84< @$D"2@<, RH@$Z :`$@, B@FH">@&:,>4,, 8@H@D@,

<@0,H BD4>bH\ EJ* B@ BD@F\$, @$ J8"2">44 &D,<,>>ZN <,D, 4<,:@ $Z 0,:",<@, &@2*,6FH&4,", 4

& 8@H@D@< (@&@D4:@F\ F:,*J`V,,:

" a >"FH@bH,:\>@ BD,*:"("` EH@D@>"< *,6FH&@&"H\ H"84< @$D"2@< 4 B@*R,D84&"`, RH@

&D,<,>>Z, <,DZ, 8@H@DZ, $Z:4 J0, J8"2">Z & B@FH">@&:,>44, &Z>,F,>>@< EJ*@< B@F:,

BD,>46 EH@D@>, @H 8 "BD,:b 1993 (@*", B@- BD,0>,<J BD4<,>b`HFb.

A@^H@<J b BD42Z&"` EH@D@>Z &>@&\ @$D"H4H\ &>4<">4, >" B@FH">@&:,>4, EJ*" 4

BD4>bH\ &F, *@FHJB>Z, 4< <,DZ *:b BD,*@H&D"V,>4b F@&,DT,>4b, BD@*@:0,>4b 4:4

B@@VD,>4b @H&D"H4H,:\>@(@ <,0*J>"D@*>@(@ BD,FHJB:,>4b (,>@P4*"".

102. 10 "&(JFH" 1993 (@*" _(@F:"&4b BD,*FH"&4:" BD@F\$J @H 9 "&(JFH" 1993 (@*" @$ J8"2">44

&D,<,>>ZN <,D, & 8@H@D@6 @>" BD@F4:" EJ* J8"2"H\ F:,*J`VJ` &D,<,>>J` <,DJ:

" AD"&4H,:\FH&@ H"8 >"2Z&",<@6 C,FBJ$:484 #@F>44 4 ',DP,(@&4>Z *@:0>@

>,2"<,*:4H,:\>@ - & F@@H&,HFH&44 F ,(@ @$b2"H,:\FH&@< B@ 7@>&,>P44 @ BD,*JBD,0*,>44

- 21 -

BD,FHJB:,>4b (,>@P4*" 4 >"8"2">44 2" >,(@ @H 9 *,8"$Db 1948 (@*" - BD4>bH\ &F,

*@FHJB>Z, ,<J <,DZ *:b BD,*@H&D"V,>4b F@&,DT,>4b BD,FHJB:,>4b (,>@P4*" & @H>@T,>44

F,D$F8@6 ^H>4R,F8@6 (DJBBZ".

103. E:JT">4b & F&b24 F BD@F\$"<4 @$ J8"2">44 &D,<,>>ZN <,D F@FH@b:4F\ 25 4 26 "&(JFH"

1993 (@*". %@ &D,46 EJ* 2"F:JT": 2"b&:,>4b 8"0*@6 42 EH@D@>.

104. =" @H8DZH@< 2"F,*">44 13 F,>Hb$Db 1993 (@*" AD,*F,*"H,:\ EJ*" @(:"F4: B@FH">@&:,>4, &

F&b24 F BD@F\$"<4 @$ J8"2">44 &D,<,>>ZN <,D (I.C.J.Reports 1993 , p. 325), & 8@H@D@< EJ*

B@*H&,D*4: &D,<,>>Z, <,DZ, J8"2">>Z, & ,(@ B@FH">@&:,>44 @H 8 "BD,:b 1993 (@*", 4 2"b&4:,RH@ ^H4 <,DZ B@*:,0"H >,2"<,*:4H,:\>@<J 4 ^LL,8H4&>@<J @FJV,FH&:,>4`.

105. EJ*\b ?*" BD4:@04: 8 B@FH">@&:,>4` 2"b&:,>4, (I.C.J.Reports 1993 , p. 351); FJ*\4

S"N"$J**4>, %4D"<">HD4 4 !*04$@:" 4 FJ*\b ad hoc 9"JH,DB"NH BD4:@04:4 F&@4 4>*4&4*J":\>Z,

<>,>4b (ibid, pp. 353, 370, 390 and 407); 4 FJ*\b G"D"F@& 4 FJ*\b ad hoc 7D,R"

BD4:@04:4 F&@4 @F@$Z, <>,>4b (ibid, pp. 449 and 453).

106. A@FH">@&:,>4,< @H 7 @8Hb$Db 1993 (@*" (I.C.J.Reports 1993 , p. 470)%4P,- AD,*F,*"H,:\ EJ*", B@ BD@F\$, #@F>44 4 ',DP,(@&4>Z 4 B@F:, H@(@, 8"8 _(@F:"&4b

&ZD"24:" F&@, <>,>4,, BD@*:4: *@ 15 "BD,:b 1994 (@*" FD@8 *:b BD,*FH"&:,>4b <,<@D">*J<"

#@F>44 4 ',DP,(@&4>Z 4 *@ 15 "BD,:b 1995 (@*" FD@8 *:b BD,*FH"&:,>4b 8@>HD<,<@D">*J<"

_(@F:"&44. ;,<@D">*J< $Z: BD,*FH"&:,> & JFH">@&:,>>Z6 FD@8.

107. A@FH">@&:,>4,< @H 21 <"DH" 1995 (@*" (I.C.J.Reports 1995 , p. 80) AD,*F,*"H,:\ EJ*",B@ BD@F\$, BD,*FH"&4H,:b _(@F:"&44 4 B@F:, &ZbF>,>4b <>,>4b #@F>44 4 ',DP,(@&4>Z, BD@*:4:

*@ 30 4`>b 1995 (@*" FD@8 *:b BD,*FH"&:,>4b 8@>HD<,<@D">*J<" _(@F:"&44.

108. 26 4`>b 1995 (@*" *@ 4FH,R,>4b BD@*:,>>@(@ FD@8" *:b BD,*FH"&:,>4b F&@,(@

8@>HD<,<@D">*J<" _(@F:"&4b BD,*FH"&4:" @BD,*,:,>>Z, BD,*&"D4H,:\>Z, &@2D"0,>4b B@

D"FF<"HD4&",<@<J *,:J. I8"2">>Z, &@2D"0,>4b 8"F":4F\, &@- B,D&ZN, BD4,<:,<@FH4 2"b&:,>4b 4,&@- &H@DZN, >":4R4b J EJ*" `D4F*48P44 *:b D"FF<@HD,>4b ^H@(@ *,:".

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F@@H&,HFH&44 F B@:@0,>4b<4 J8"2">>@6 FH"H\4.

110. A@FH">@&:,>4,< @H 14 4`:b 1995 (@*" (I.C.J.Reports 1995 , p. 279) AD,*F,*"H,:\ EJ*",BD4>4<"b &@ &>4<">4, <>,>4b, &ZD"0,>>Z, FH@D@>"<4, @BD,*,:4: 14 >@b$Db 1995 (@*" &

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112. =" @H8DZH@< 2"F,*">44 11 4`:b 1996 (@*" EJ* &Z>,F D,T,>4, & @H>@T,>44

BD,*&"D4H,:\>ZN &@2D"0,>46 (I.C.J.Reports 1996 , p. 595), & 8@H@D@< @> @H&,D( &Z*&4>JHZ,

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- 22 -

113. EJ*\b ?*" BD4:@04: 8 D,T,>4` EJ*" 2"b&:,>4, (ibid., p. 625); FJ*\4 S4 4 %,D,V,H4>

BD4:@04:4 F@&<,FH>@, 2"b&:,>4, (ibid., p. 631); FJ*\b ad hoc 9"JH,DB"NH H"80, BD4:@04:

2"b&:,>4, (ibid., p. 633); FJ*\4 S"N"$J**4>, %4D"<">HD4 4 A"DD"- !D">(JD,> BD4:@04:4 8D,T,>4` @H*,:\>Z, <>,>4b (ibid., pp. 634, 640 4 656); FJ*\b ad hoc 7D,R" BD4:@04:

@F@$@, <>,>4, (ibid., p. 658).

114. A@FH">@&:,>4,< @H 23 4`:b 1996 (@*" (I.C.J.Reports 1996 , p. 797) AD,*F,*"H,:\ EJ*",BD4>4<"b &@ &>4<">4, <>,>4b, &ZD"0,>>Z, FH@D@>"<4, @BD,*,:4: 23 4`:b 1997 (@*" & 8"R,FH&,

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1948 (@*",

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- B@F8@:\8J @>" B@*FHD,8":" 8 F@&,DT,>4` "8H@& (,>@P4*" R,D,2 ("2,HJ "Zmaj odBosne", & @*>@6 42 FH"H,6 8@H@D@6, & R"FH>@FH4, F@*,D0":@F\ F:,*J`V,,

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BD,FHJB:,>4b (,>@P4*" 4 >"8"2">44 2" >,(@ 1948 (@*".

- 23 -

5. #@F>4b 4 ',DP,(@&4>" @$b2">" BD4>bH\ >,@$N@*4<Z, <,DZ *:b >,*@BJV,>4b

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1948 (@*", 4 BD,*@FH"&4H\ >"*:,0"VJ` 8@<B,>F"P4`".

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^H4N F@FHb2"H,:\>ZN $J<"(.

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119. A@FH">@&:,>4,< @H 22 b>&"Db 1998 (@*" AD,*F,*"H,:\ EJ*" B@ BD@F\$, #@F>44 4

',DP,(@&4>Z 4 F JR,H@< <>,>4b, &ZD"0,>>@(@ _(@F:"&4,6, BD@*:4: FD@84 *:b BD,*FH"&:,>4b

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1998 (@*" 4 22 b>&"Db 1999 (@*". ?H&,H #@F>44 4 ',DP,(@&4>Z $Z: BD,*FH"&:,> & JFH">@&:,>>Z6

FD@8.

6. AD@,8H '"$R48@&@ - ="*\b<"D@T ( %,>(D4b/ E:@&"84b)

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- 24 -

122. A@F:, BD@&,*,>>ZN B@* ^(4*@6 +&D@B,6F84N F@@$V,FH& B,D,(@&@D@& <,0*J %,>(D4,6 4

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(@FJ*"DFH&" 1 b>&"Db 1993 (@*", BD"&4H,:\FH&@ %,>(,DF8@6 C,FBJ$:484 4 BD"&4H,:\FH&@ E:@&"P8@6

C,FBJ$:484 2 4`:b 1993 (@*" F@&<,FH>@ J&,*@<4:4 E,8D,H"Db EJ*" @ EB,P4":\>@< F@(:"T,>44,B@*B4F">>@< & #D`FF,:, 7 "BD,:b 1993 (@*", @ B,D,*"R, >" D"FF<@HD,>4, EJ*" >,8@H@DZN

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BD,8D"V,>4b *,6FH&4b #J*"B,THF8@(@ *@(@&@D" @H 16 F,>Hb$Db 1977 (@*" @ FHD@4H,:\FH&, 4

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& 1989 (@*J D"$@HJ >"* BD@,8H@< ="*\b<"D@T, " H"80, >"* R"FH\` BD@,8H" '"$R48@&@, 2"

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124. A@FH">@&:,>4,< @H 14 4`:b 1993 (@*" (I.C.J.Reports 1993 , p. 319) EJ* B@FH">@&4:,RH@ & F@@H&,HFH&44 F BJ>8H@< 2 FH"H\4 3 EB,P4":\>@(@ F@(:"T,>4b 4 BJ>8H@< 1 FH"H\4 46C,(:"<,>H" EJ*" 8"0*"b FH@D@>" *@:0>" BD,*FH"&4H\ <,<@D">*J< 4 8@>HD<,<@D">*J< & @*4>"8@&Z,

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126. A@FH">@&:,>4,< @H 20 *,8"$Db 1994 (@*" (I.C.J.Reports 1994 , p. 151) AD,*F,*"H,:\

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- 25 -

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128. 1"H,< & >@b$D, 1995 (@*" *&, FH@D@>Z B@*B4F":4 & #J*"B,TH, 4 =\`- 5@D8, " AD@H@8@: @F@(:"F44" @H>@F4H,:\>@ BD,*:@0,>4b @D(">42@&"H\ B@F,V,>4, EJ*", 8@H@DZ6 B@F:, JFH">@&:,>4b

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129. % B@FH">@&:,>44 @H 5 L,&D":b 1997 (@*" (I.C.J. Reports 1997 , p.3) EJ* BD4>b:

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A. A@FH">@&:b,H R,HZD>"*P"H\` (@:@F"<4 BD@H4& @*>@(@, RH@ %,>(D4b >, 4<,:"

BD"&" BD4@FH">"&:4&"H\ 4 &B@F:,*FH&44 BD,8D"V"H\ & 1989 (@*J D"$@HJ >"* BD@,8H@<

="*\b<"D@T, " H"80, >"* R"FH\` BD@,8H" '"$R48@&@, 2" 8@H@DZ, & F@@H&,HFH&44 F

)@(@&@D@< @H 16 F,>Hb$Db 1977 (@*" 4 F&b2">>Z<4 F >4< *@8J<,>H"<4 @>" @H&,R":";

'?9?E?%!93 1!: AD,*F,*"H,:\ S&,$,:\; %4P,- AD,*F,*"H,:\ %4D"<">HD4; FJ*\4 ?*",#,*0"J4, '46@<, C">*2,&", S4, K:"6TN"J^D, 7@D@<", %,D,V,H4>, A"DD"- !D">(JD,>,7@@6<">F, C,2,8; FJ*\b ad hoc E8J$4T,&F846;

'?9?E?%!93 AC?G3%: FJ*\b M,DP,(;

B. A@FH">@&:b,H *,&bH\` (@:@F"<4 BD@H4& T,FH4, RH@ Q,N@F:@&"84b 4<,:" BD"&@

BD4FHJB4H\ & >@b$D, 1991 (@*" 8 F@@DJ0,>4` @$X,8H@& & P,:bN " &D,<,>>@(@JD,(J:4D@&">4b", 8"8 @>@ FL@D<J:4D@&">@ & EB,P4":\>@< F@(:"T,>44;

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'?9?E?%!93 AC?G3%: AD,*F,*"H,:\ S&,$,:\; FJ*\4 #,*0"J4, C">*2,&", M,DP,(,K:"6TN"J^D, C,2,8;

C. A@FH">@&:b,H *,FbH\` (@:@F"<4 BD@H4& BbH4, RH@ Q,N@F:@&"84b >, 4<,:" BD"&"

&&@*4H\ @$X,8HZ & ^8FB:J"H"P4` F @8Hb$Db 1992 (@*" & D"<8"N " &D,<,>>@(@JD,(J:4D@&">4b";

'?9?E?%!93 1!: AD,*F,*"H,:\ S&,$,:\; %4P,- AD,*F,*"H,:\ %4D"<">HD4; FJ*\4

#,*0"J4, '46@<, C">*2,&", M,DP,(, S4, K:"6TN"J^D, 7@@6<">F, C,2,8;

- 26 -

'?9?E?%!93 AC?G3%: FJ*\4 ?*", 7@D@<", %,D,V,H4>, A"DD"- !D">(JD,>; FJ*\b adhoc E8J$4T,&F846;

D. A@FH">@&:b,H @*4>>"*P"H\` (@:@F"<4 BD@H4& R,HZD,N, RH@ J&,*@<:,>4, %,>(D44

@H 19 <"b 1992 (@*" @ BD,8D"V,>44 )@(@&@D" @H 16 F,>Hb$Db 1977 (@*" 4 F&b2">>ZN F >4<

*@8J<,>H@& F `D4*4R,F8@6 H@R84 2D,>4b >, BD,8D"H4:@ 4N *,6FH&4,;

'?9?E?%!93 1!: %4P,- AD,*F,*"H,:\ %4D"<">HD4; FJ*\4 ?*", #,*0"J4, '46@<,C">*2,&", S4, 7@D@<", %,D,V,H4>, A"DD"- !D">(JD,>, 7@@6<">F; FJ*\b ad hocE8J$4T,&F846;

'?9?E?%!93 AC?G3%: AD,*F,*"H,:\ S&,$,:\; FJ*\4 M,DP,(, K:"6TN"J^D, C,2,8;

2) F JR,H@< BJ>8H" 2 FH"H\4 2 4 FH"H\4 5 EB,P4":\>@(@ F@(:"T,>4b

A. A@FH">@&:b,H *&,>"*P"H\` (@:@F"<4 BD@H4& HD,N, RH@ E:@&"84b & 8"R,FH&,

BD,,<>48" Q,N@F:@&"844 FH":" FH@D@>@6 )@(@&@D" @H 16 F,>Hb$Db 1977 (@*" F 1 b>&"Db

1993 (@*";

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ad hoc E8J$4T,&F846;

'?9?E?%!93 AC?G3%: FJ*\4 M,DP,(, K:"6TN"J^D, C,2,8;

B. A@FH">@&:b,H HD4>"*P"H\` (@:@F"<4 BD@H4& *&JN, RH@ %,>(D4b 4 E:@&"84b

*@:0>Z BD@&@*4H\ *@$D@F@&,FH>Z< @$D"2@< B,D,(@&@DZ, JR4HZ&"`V4, F:@04&TJ`Fb

F4HJ"P4`, 4 BD4>4<"H\ &F, <,DZ, >,@$N@*4<Z, *:b *@FH40,>4b P,:,6 )@(@&@D" @H

16 F,>Hb$Db 1977 (@*", & F@@H&,HFH&44 F H"84<4 BD@P,*JD"<4, 8@H@DZ, @>4 <@(JH

F@(:"F@&"H\;

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'?9?E?%!93 AC?G3%: FJ*\4 M,DP,(, K:"6TN"J^D;

C. A@FH">@&:b,H HD4>"*P"H\` (@:@F"<4 BD@H4& *&JN, RH@, ,F:4 FH@D@>Z >,

*@(@&@DbHFb @$ 4>@<, *@:0,> $ZH\ JFH">@&:,> D,04< ^8FB:J"H"P44 & F@@H&,HFH&44 F

)@(@&@D@< @H 16 F,>Hb$Db 1977 (@*";


'?9?E?%!93 AC?G3%: FJ*\4 M,DP,(, K:"6TN"J^D;

D. A@FH">@&:b,H *&,>"*P"H\` (@:@F"<4 BD@H4& HD,N, RH@, ,F:4 FH@D@>Z >,

*@(@&@DbHFb @$ 4>@<, %,>(D4b *@:0>" &ZB:"H4H\ E:@&"844 8@<B,>F"P4` 2" JV,D$,B@>,F,>>Z6 Q,N@F:@&"84,6 & D,2J:\H"H, BD4@FH">@&:,>4b 4 BD,8D"V,>4b %,>(D4,6 D"$@H, 2"

8@H@DZ, @H&,R":" %,>(D4b; 4 E:@&"84b *@:0>" &ZB:"H4H\ 8@<B,>F"P4` %,>(D44 2" JV,D$,8@H@DZ6 @>" B@>,F:" & D,2J:\H"H, &&@*" Q,N@F:@&"84,6 & FHD@6 @$X,8H@& & D"<8"N

" &D,<,>>@(@ JD,(J:4D@&">4b" 4 4N ^8FB:J"H"P44 E:@&"84,6;

- 27 -

#,*0"J4, '46@<, C">*2,&", M,DP,(, S4, K:"6TN"J^D, A"DD"- !D">(JD,>, 7@@6<">F, C,2,8;FJ*\b ad hoc E8J$4T,&F846;

'?9?E?%!93 AC?G3%: FJ*\4 ?*", 7@D@<", %,D,V,H4>;

E. A@FH">@&:b,H HD4>"*P"H\` (@:@F"<4 BD@H4& *&JN, RH@ &2"4<@D"FR,H & F&b24 F@

FHD@4H,:\FH&@< 4 ^8FB:J"H"P4,6 @$X,8H@& *@:0,> $ZH\ @FJV,FH&:,> F@(:"F>@ F@@H&,HFH&J`V4<

B@:@0,>4b< )@(@&@D" @H 16 F,>Hb$Db 1977 (@*" 4 F&b2">>ZN F >4< *@8J<,>H@&, BD4

*@:0>@< JR,H, H"84N <,D, 8@H@DZ, >,@$N@*4<@ $J*,H BD4>bH\ FH@D@>"< &@ 4FB@:>,>4,

BJ>8H@& 2 (B) 4 (C) >"FH@bV,6 B@FH">@&:b`V,6 R"FH4;


'?9?E?%!93 AC?G3%: FJ*\4 M,DP,(, K:"6TN"J^D".

AD,*F,*"H,:\ S&,$,:\ 4 FJ*\b C,2,8 BD4:@04:4 8 D,T,>4` 2"b&:,>4b. %4P,- AD,*F,*"H,:\%4D"<">HD4, FJ*\4 #,*0"J4 4 7@D@<" BD4:@04:4 @H*,:\>Z, <>,>4b. EJ*\4 ?*", C">*2,&",M,DP,(, K:"6TN"J^D, %,D,V,H4> 4 A"DD"- !D">(JD,> 4 FJ*\b ad hoc E8J$4T,&F846 BD4:@04:4

@F@$Z, <>,>4b.

7. EJN@BJH>"b 4 <@DF8"b (D">4P" <,0*J 7"<,DJ>@< 4 =4(,D4,6

( 7"<,DJ> BD@H4& =4(,D44)

132. 29 <"DH" 1994 (@*" C,FBJ$:48" 7"<,DJ> B@*":" & E,8D,H"D4"H EJ*" 2"b&:,>4, @

&@2$J0*,>44 *,:" BD@H4& K,*,D"H4&>@6 C,FBJ$:484 =4(,D44 & F&b24 F@ FB@D@< @H>@F4H,:\>@

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@BD,*,:4H\ <,FH@ BD@N@0*,>4b <@DF8@6 (D">4PZ <,0*J *&J4P" >, $Z:" JFH">@&:,>" & 1975 (@*J.

133. % 8"R,FH&, @F>@&">4b `D4F*48P44 EJ*" & 2"b&:,>44 J8"2Z&"`HFb 2"b&:,>4b 7"<,DJ>" 4

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BD4>P4B J&"0,>4b (D">4P, J>"F:,*@&">>ZN @H 8@:@>42"P44 (uti possidetis juris);

c) RH@, BD4<,>4& F4:J BD@H4& C,FBJ$:484 7"<,DJ>, K,*,D"H4&>"b C,FBJ$:48"

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@$ZR>@<J <,0*J>"D@*>@<J BD"&J;

- 28 -

d) RH@ K,*,D"H4&>"b C,FBJ$:48" =4(,D4b B@FD,*FH&@< &@,>>@6 @88JB"P44

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e’) RH@ <,0*J>"D@*>@- BD@H4&@BD"&>Z, *,b>4b, J8"2">>Z, & B@*BJ>8H"N a, b , c , d4 e &ZT,, &:,8JH 2" F@$@6 @H&,HFH&,>>@FH\ K,*,D"H4&>@6 C,FBJ$:484 =4(,D44;

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f) & P,:bN BD,*@H&D"V,>4b 8"8@(@- :4$@ FB@D" <,0*J *&J@F4H,:\>@ 4N <@DF8@6 (D">4PZ C,FBJ$:48" 7"<,DJ> @$D"V",HFb 8 EJ*J F BD@F\$@6

BD@*:4H\ :4>4` ,, <@DF8@6 (D">4PZ F K,*,D"H4&>@6 C,FBJ$:48@6 =4(,D4,6 *@ BD,*,:@&

<@DF84N 2@>, >" 8@H@DZ, & F@@H&,HFH&44 F <,0*J>"D@*>Z< BD"&@< D"FBD@FHD">b`HFb 4N

F@@H&,HFH&J`V4, `D4F*48P44".

135. 6 4`>b 1994 (@*" 7"<,DJ> B@*": & E,8D,H"D4"H EJ*" *@B@:>4H,:\>@, 2"b&:,>4, " *:b P,:,6&8:`R,>4b & BD,*<,H FB@D"" ,V, @*>@(@ FB@D", 8@H@DZ6, 8"8 $Z:@ @H<,R,>@, B@ FJV,FH&J

8"F",HFb " &@BD@F" @ FJ&,D,>4H,H, >"* R"FH\` H,DD4H@D44 7"<,DJ>" & D"6@>, @2,D" Q"*", BD4 ^H@<

@> BD@F4: EJ* @8@>R"H,:\>@ J8"2"H\ (D">4PJ <,0*J 7"<,DJ>@< 4 =4(,D4,6 @H @2,D" Q"* *@ <@Db.7"<,DJ> BD@F4: EJ* &Z>,FH4 D,T,>4, 4 @$Xb&4H\:

"a) RH@ FJ&,D,>4H,H >"* FB@D>Z< JR"FH8@< & D"6@>, @2,D" Q"* BD4>"*:,04H

7"<,DJ>J & F4:J <,0*J>"D@*>@(@ BD"&" 4 RH@ ^H@H JR"FH@8 b&:b,HFb >,@HX,<:,<@6 R"FH\`

H,DD4H@D44 7"<,DJ>";

b) RH@ K,*,D"H4&>"b C,FBJ$:48" =4(,D4b >"DJT4:" 4 >"DJT",H @F>@&@B@:"("`V46

BD4>P4B J&"0,>4b (D">4P, J>"F:,*@&">>ZN @H 8@:@>42"P44 (uti possidetis juris), 4

BD4>bHZ, ,` >,*"&>@ BD"&@&Z, @$b2"H,:\FH&", 8"F"`V4,Fb *,<"D8"P44 (D">4P >" @2,D, Q"*;

c) RH@ K,*,D"H4&>"b C,FBJ$:48" =4(,D4b, @88JB4D@&"& BD4 B@**,D08, ,, F4:

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e) RH@ <,0*J>"D@*>@- BD@H4&@BD"&>Z, *,b>4b, J8"2">>Z, & B@*BJ>8H"N a, b 4 d&ZT,, &:,8JH 2" F@$@6 @H&,HFH&,>>@FH\ K,*,D"H4&>@6 C,FBJ$:484 =4(,D44;

e’) RH@ & ^H@6 F&b24 F JR,H@< <"H,D4":\>@(@ 4 >,<"H,D4":\>@(@ JV,D$",BD4R4>,>>@(@ C,FBJ$:48, 7"<,DJ>, K,*,D"H4&>"b C,FBJ$:48" =4(,D4b *@:0>" &ZB:"H4H\

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JV,D$", BD4R4>,>>@(@ K,*,D"H4&>@6 C,FBJ$:48@6 =4(,D4,6;

- 29 -

f) RH@ F JR,H@< >,@*>@8D"H>ZN &H@D0,>46 >4(,D46F84N (DJBB 4 &@@DJ0,>>ZN F4: >"

H,DD4H@D4` 7"<,DJ>" >" JR"FH8"N &*@:\ (D">4PZ <,0*J *&J"<4, F&b2">>ZN F ^H4<

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(D">4PJ <,0*J *&J"<4 4 H@R>J` :4>4` BD@N@0*,>4b ^H@6 (D">4PZ, C,FBJ$:48"

7"<,DJ> B@RH4H,:\>@ BD@F4H EJ* @8@>R"H,:\>@ J8"2"H\ (D">4PJ <,0*J 7"<,DJ>@< 4

K,*,D"H4&>@6 C,FBJ$:48@6 =4(,D4,6 @H @2,D" Q"* *@ <@Db".

136. 7"<,DJ> *":,, @$D"H4:Fb 8 EJ*J F BD@F\$@6 @$X,*4>4H\ ^H4 *&" 2"b&:,>4b " 4 D"FF<@HD,H\ 4N8"8 @*>@ *,:@".

137. =" &FHD,R, AD,*F,*"H,:b EJ*" 4 BD,*FH"&4H,:,6 FH@D@> 14 4`>b 1994 (@*" BD,*FH"&4H,:\

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2"b&:,>4, D"FF<"HD4&":@F\ & 8"R,FH&, *@$"&:,>4b 8 B,D&@>"R":\>@<J 2"b&:,>4`, F H,< RH@$Z EJ*

<@( D"FF<@HD,H\ 8"8 @*>@ *,:@.

138. % 8"R,FH&, FJ*\4 ad hoc 7"<,DJ> 42$D": (- >" 7,$" ;$"6`, " =4(,D4b - #@:"

!. !*04$@:".

139. A@FH">@&:,>4,< @H 16 4`>b 1994 (I.C.J. Reports 1994 , p. 105) (@*" EJ* BD4

@HFJHFH&44 &@2D"0,>46 @H>@F4H,:\>@ BD,*:@0,>>@6 BD@P,*JDZ JFH">@&4: 16 <"DH" 1995 (@*" &

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- 30 -

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2"b&:,>4, (ibid., p. 31); FJ*\b ad hoc ;$"6, H"80, BD4:@04: 2"b&:,>4, (ibid., p. 32).EJ*\b ad hoc !*04$@:" BD4:@04: 8 B@FH">@&:,>4` @H*,:\>@, <>,>4, (ibid., p.35).

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- 31 -

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- 33 -

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- 34 -

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- 36 -

FD@8" B@*"R4 <,<@D">*J<" 7@D@:,&FH&@< 3FB">4b 4 29 L,&D":b 1996 (@*" & 8"R,FH&, FD@8"

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- 37 -

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- 38 -

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- 41 -

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VII. 7?;3G+GY EI)!

190. E@2*">>Z, EJ*@< *:b &ZB@:>,>4b ,(@ "*<4>4FHD"H4&>ZN 2"*"R 8@<4H,HZ, 8@H@DZ, 2"

@HR,H>Z6 B,D4@* 2"F,*":4 B@ <,D, >,@$N@*4<@FH4, 4<,`H F:,*J`V46 F@FH"&:

a) #`*0,H>@- "*<4>4FHD"H4&>Z6 8@<4H,H: AD,*F,*"H,:\, %4P,- AD,*F,*"H,:\ 4 FJ*\4#,*0"J4, '46@<, S4, K:"6TN"J^D, %,D,V,H4> 4 7@@6<">F;

b) 7@<4H,H B@ F&b2b<: %4P,- AD,*F,*"H,:\ 4 FJ*\4 M,DP,( 4 A"DD"- !D">(JD,>;

c) #4$:4@H,R>Z6 8@<4H,H: FJ*\4 S4, 7@D@<", M4((4>F, 7@@6<">F 4 C,2,8.

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VIII. 31)!=3a 3 )?7I;+=GY EI)!

192. 32*">4b EJ*" >"BD"&:b`HFb BD"&4H,:\FH&"< &F,N (@FJ*"DFH&, 4<,`V4N BD"&@ @$D"V"H\Fb &

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LD">PJ2F8@< b2Z8"N ( B@F:,*>,, 42*">4, &ZT:@ & 1994 (@*J), D"FBD@FHD">b,HFb $,FB:"H>@.C,(J:bD>@ @$>@&:b,<Z, *@$"&:,>4b >" @$@4N b2Z8"N <@0>@ B@:JR4H\ & E,8D,H"D4"H, EJ*".% >"FH@bV,, &D,@&@, 42*">4, >" *&JN b2Z8"N.

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FH"*44 B@*(@H@&84. 32- 2" 2"*,D0,8, &Z2&">>ZN (:"&>Z< @$D"2@< >,N&"H8@6 $`*0,H>ZN FD,*FH&,@F@$,>>@ & @H>@T,>44 B4F\<,>>@(@ B,D,&@*", B@8" >, J*":@F\ @BJ$:48@&"H\ >,8@H@DZ, $D@T`DZ

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FJ*@BD@42&@*FH&" B@* 2"(@:@&8@< Pleadings, Oral Arguments, Documents . % D"<8"N ^H@6 F,D44

(@H@&4HFb 8 B,R"H4 Db* 42*">46 B@ *,:"<, 8"F"`V4<Fb A@(D">4R>@(@ FB@D"

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( 5) $Z:@ @BJ$:48@&">@ & 1989 (@*J, 4 @>@ D,(J:bD>@ B,D,42*",HFb ( B@F:,*>,, B,D,42*">4, -1996 (@*).

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BbH4*,FbH@6 (@*@&V4>Z EJ*" & <", 4 4`:, 1997 (@*" &ZT:@ R,H&,DH@, 42*">4, FBD"&@R>48"

F@@H&,HFH&,>>@ >" LD">PJ2F8@< 4 ">(:46F8@< b2Z8"N. % 1990 (@*J B@ F:JR"` F@D@8@&@6

(@*@&V4>Z EJ*" ^H@ 42*">4, $Z:@ @BJ$:48@&">@ >" "D"$F8@<, 4FB">F8@<, 84H"6F8@< 4 DJFF8@<

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B@F:,*>4, D,T,>4b 4 B@FH">@&:,>4b EJ*" ( 8@H@DZ, $Z:4 &8:`R,>Z & >,, & *,>\ 4N &Z>,F,>4b),$@:\T4>FH&@ F@@H&,HFH&J`V4N *@8J<,>H@& B@ D"FF<"HD4&",<Z< *,:"< ( 2"b&:,>4b 4:4 FB,P4":\>Z,F@(:"T,>4b, <"H,D4":Z B4F\<,>>@(@ 4 JFH>@(@ FJ*@BD@42&@*FH&", B@FH">@&:,>4b EJ*",BD,FF- D,:42Z), B,D,R,>\ *,:, >"N@*bV4NFb >" D"FF<@HD,>44 ;,0*J>"D@*>@(@ EJ*", >,8@H@DZ,

@F>@&>Z, *@8J<,>HZ ( IFH"& ?D(">42"P44 ?$X,*4>,>>ZN ="P46 4 EH"HJH EJ*"), @$V"b 4>L@D<"P4b

@$ 4FH@D44 4 D"2$4D"H,:\FH&"N EJ*" 4 $4@(D"L44 FJ*,6. ?F,>\` 1998 (@*" & >,, $J*JH &8:`R,>Z

*@B@:>4H,:\>Z, *@8J<,>HZ ( >"BD4<,D, D,2`<, BD@T:ZN D,T,>46, 8"H":@( BJ$:48"P46). !*D,F

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F:,*J`V4<4: [email protected] ( H,N>4R,F84, 8@<<,>H"D44), [email protected]( 2"BD@FZ, 8"F"`V4,Fb 4>L@D<"P44 4 *@8J<,>H@&) 4 [email protected] ( BD@R4, 2"BD@FZ 4

8@<<,>H"D44). 7D@<, H@(@, EJ* B:">4DJ,H F @F,>4 1998 (@*" >"BD"&:bH\ B@ ^:,8HD@>>@6 B@RH,

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