Ÿ‘ April 2020 „ŸłŸ Ÿ‘ Number 69 La Oveja Negra · 2020. 4. 20. · Biblioteca y archivo...
Transcript of Ÿ‘ April 2020 „ŸłŸ Ÿ‘ Number 69 La Oveja Negra · 2020. 4. 20. · Biblioteca y archivo...
Bib
lio
teca
y a
rch
ivo
A
lber
to G
hir
ald
o
Con
stru
yen
do e
spac
ios
de
n(nz¡MýÛ�¡(òe(àM{p�á�e¾�Hýá
Car
rieg
o y
Mar
cos
Paz
. Ro
sari
o
Ate
nci
ón
: Mié
rco
les
y vi
ern
es d
e 17
a 2
0 h
s.
ww
w.b
ibli
ote
caal
ber
tog
hir
ald
o.b
log
spo
t.co
m
ww
w.b
ole
tin
laov
ejan
egra
.blo
gsp
ot.
com
g
hir
ald
@h
otm
ail.
com
Fro
m a
rad
ical
po
int
of
vie
w, i
n o
rder
to
get
to
th
e ro
ot
of
���1�������ð1��1��1���1�1�
�4��1��1���������1�
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the
Sta
te a
nd
th
e re
st o
f th
e b
ou
rgeo
isie
sh
ou
ld c
arry
ou
t in
�����1��1���
��¢1�����1�����1��������ð1���1��1��
������1
���1
is n
eces
sary
, in
sp
ite
of
the
Sta
te, w
hic
h i
s o
nly
her
e to
mak
e
�����1�������1����1����ï
��������1����1����1�����1�������1��1�1����1��1�����ð1��1
���������ð1��1��������1��������1�¢1����1����1��1������-
����ð1 �1����1��1�����1������1���1��������1�����1�� 1��1
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��1����1��1���
���1��1
�¢1���1�����������ð1 ���1���1������1
at t
he
hel
m, t
hre
w i
tsel
f in
to t
hes
e k
ind
s o
f m
easu
res
in t
his
pa
rtic
ula
r ca
se. A
nd
of
cou
rse
we
ha
ve
to d
iscu
ss w
ha
t to
do
, h
ow
to
co
mb
at
the
med
ia i
dio
tiz
ati
on
an
d,
ab
ov
e a
ll,
ho
w t
o c
ou
nte
ract
th
e in
crea
sed
au
ster
ity
an
d c
on
tro
l th
at
is c
om
ing
.
���� ����ð1����1�����������1����1��1����������1���1
�����������1�������1�����1�������1�������1 ����ð1��������1
���¢1 ���1���1����1����ð1��¢1����1��1����1�����ï
Th
ere
has
bee
n a
dra
stic
red
uct
ion
in
th
e em
issi
on
of
po
llu
tin
g a
nd
����������1�����ð1
���1���1����������1��
������
���1��1���1
������¢1��1����1��1���1������1 ��1����1��1���1��
�����1�������ð1
even
lo
wer
ing
th
e n
um
ber
of
resp
ira
tory
dis
ease
s fo
r th
at
������ï1���1�¡��
���ð1�����1���1����1�1����������1���������1
��1����1���������1���1��.������
1�������������1����������ð1
���1�����
���1�����1������1��1 ����1���1���1��1���1��������1
in c
om
par
iso
n t
o t
o t
ho
se o
f a
pan
dem
ic.
Th
is u
nex
pec
ted
���������1������1����1��1��1���
���1��1���1�����������1����1
feed
ing
th
e m
on
ster
of
the
eco
no
my
ha
s in
rel
ati
on
to
th
e
des
tru
ctio
n o
f th
e h
abit
at w
her
e w
e li
ve,
or
at le
ast
we
sho
uld
��¢ï1�
�1���1������
����1������ð1���1���1��1�����
��1���1���1 ����1
bec
om
es c
ryst
al
clea
r. W
e a
re n
ot
ob
tuse
, w
e a
re a
wa
re o
f
ho
w l
imit
ed a
nd
ex
cep
tio
na
l th
ese
ph
eno
men
a a
re,
an
d
that
th
ey c
oin
cid
e w
ith
mo
no
cult
ure
, meg
amin
ing
, lo
gg
ing
and
so
man
y o
ther
no
civ
itie
s, w
hic
h h
ave
no
t st
op
ped
. W
e
sim
ply
see
an
d n
ote
ho
w t
he
wo
rld
can
be
tran
sfo
rmed
in
such
sh
ort
per
iod
s o
f ti
me.
Un
fort
un
atel
y,
as i
t w
as t
he
Sta
te’s
dec
isio
n t
o p
aral
yze
the
eco
no
my
in
cer
tain
reg
ion
s, t
he
po
wer
to
res
tart
it
wil
l
als
o l
ay
in
th
e h
an
ds
of
the
Sta
te,
an
d f
or
this
rea
son
, th
e
��������¢1�����
��1��1����1�1����������1
���1��1��������1
��1�1�
�4��1��1��¢�1��1 ���ï1
� ����ð1�����1�¡��
����1�����1
us
a l
esso
n a
bo
ut
the
pri
ori
ties
of
a s
yst
em i
n w
hic
h t
he
pro
du
ctio
n o
f v
alu
e re
ign
s su
pre
me
ov
er t
he
hea
lth
of
bo
th
peo
ple
an
d t
he
eart
h’s
eco
syst
em i
tsel
f. A
nd
it
dri
ves
us
to
����
1����1���1�������1����������1�¢����
1����1��1������
����
1
for
the
surv
ival
of
the
spec
ies.
���1������¢1��1��1��������1����ð1�������
1���1�������ð1
�1
wis
h t
o r
etu
rn t
o n
orm
ali
ty,
bu
t a
s th
ey c
ry o
ut
fro
m a
ll
the
reg
ion
s en
gag
ed i
n a
rev
olt
wh
ich
th
ese
mea
sure
s h
ave
mo
men
tari
ly p
ut
to a
hal
t: N
orm
alit
y i
s th
e p
rob
lem
!
Let
’s f
ace
it,
th
e li
fest
yle
we
use
d t
o k
no
w i
sn’t
co
min
g
ba
ck.
La
Ove
ja N
egra
Ye
ar
9 .
Nu
mb
er
69
. A
pr
il 2
02
0
“Al
be
rt
o G
hir
al
do
” L
ibr
ar
y B
ul
le
tin
. R
os
ar
io .
Ar
ge
nt
ine
Re
gio
n
Co
ron
av
iru
s
an
d s
oc
ial
issu
e��1���1���������1��1�1�����1��1�¡�������1��������1��1��1
�����1����������1��������¢ï
Sta
te r
ea
son
kn
ow
s n
ot
of
exce
pti
on
s b
ut
of
rule
s. I
t is
no
t th
e en
d o
f th
e w
orl
d. A
nd
��1��1���1��������¢1��1������
�1���
������1��1������1���1��1
forc
e m
ajeu
re.
Cap
ital
ism
is
an e
ver
yd
ay c
atas
tro
ph
e. H
ow
ever
, it
on
ly
pre
sen
ts a
s a
ser
iou
s p
rob
lem
th
at
wh
ich
it
seek
s to
so
lve
imm
edia
tely
. W
ha
t h
as
alr
ead
y n
atu
rali
zed
as
bei
ng
in
ev-
ita
ble
bec
om
es p
art
of
its
no
rma
lity
. H
ence
, a
ll p
rop
osa
ls
����1��1���1���
1��1����1����������
1���¢1���
1��1�
�����1���1
cata
stro
ph
e.
Am
on
g t
he
acc
epte
d f
act
s o
f th
is s
oci
ety
is
the
“st
ati
s-
tic
“ t
ha
t 8
,50
0 c
hil
dre
n i
n t
he
wo
rld
die
ev
ery
da
y f
rom
mal
nu
trit
ion
as
esti
mat
ed b
y U
NIC
EF
, th
e W
orl
d B
ank
an
d
���1�����1
�����1������£�����ï1��1��1 ��4��1������¢ð1����1
dig
its…
bu
t it
is
an u
nsp
eak
able
ho
rro
r. I
sn’t
th
is e
no
ug
h t
o
fall
into
des
per
atio
n?
To
co
nsi
der
th
is s
oci
ety
dy
sfu
nct
ion
al?
Do
esn
’t t
hat
mea
n t
hat
ev
ery
thin
g m
ust
be
chan
ged
? D
oes
n’t
��1�����¢1�
���1�������1 ���1����1��1 ����1
�1����1��õ1��1
per
hap
s a
pan
dem
ic m
ust
arr
ive
to t
he
citi
es w
her
e th
ose
of
us
wh
o h
ave
the
vo
ice
and
th
e m
ean
s to
act
an
d c
om
pla
in
abo
ut
this
liv
e?
������¢ð1���1������������¢ð1���1�1����1����1�� ð1�����1
������1����1������1���1���1��1�¡�������ï1�����1������1����
1
even
mo
re a
bst
ract
bec
ause
of
the
dis
tan
ce, g
eog
rap
hic
al a
nd
of
all
oth
er t
yp
es,
that
we
hav
e w
ith
th
e A
fric
an c
on
tin
ent,
the
un
dis
pu
ted
cen
tre
of
glo
ba
l h
un
ger
. T
her
e, c
ap
ita
lism
exp
loit
s n
ot
on
ly t
hro
ug
h w
ages
, as
it u
sual
ly d
oes
her
e, b
ut
par
ticu
larl
y t
hro
ug
h s
emi–
slav
e la
bo
ur,
wh
ile
at t
he
sam
e
tim
e d
isp
oss
essi
ng
an
d d
estr
oy
ing
in
a b
ruta
l w
ay.
���1��������1����1�����1��1�����1���������1����1���1
imp
ort
ant
cen
ters
of
cap
ital
ist
pro
du
ctio
n: C
hin
a, I
taly
, Sp
ain
,
and
th
e U
nit
ed S
tate
s, t
hre
aten
ing
to
par
aly
ze t
he
pro
du
ctio
n
and
cir
cula
tio
n o
f co
mm
od
itie
s in
its
glo
bal
sp
read
, an
d t
o
cau
se t
he
coll
apse
of
the
hea
lth
sy
stem
.
It i
s p
reci
sely
bec
ause
it
has
rea
ched
su
ch r
egio
ns,
wit
h a
pro
du
ctiv
e p
op
ula
tio
n t
hat
has
acc
ess
to m
edic
al a
nd
ho
spit
al
syst
ems,
th
at i
t b
ecam
e so
ala
rmin
g.
Ho
wev
er,
mo
st o
f u
s
are
ou
tsid
e o
f th
at c
ircu
it, a
nd
bar
ely
lin
ked
to
fo
rmal
job
s.
It i
s w
ort
h r
emem
ber
ing
th
at c
apit
alis
t so
ciet
y i
s th
e so
ci-
ety
of
wag
e la
bo
ur
and
do
mes
tic
wo
rk w
hic
h i
s n
ot
dir
ectl
y
pai
d,
as w
ell
as s
lav
e la
bo
ur
in t
he
Dem
ocr
atic
Rep
ub
lic
of
Co
ng
o o
r in
no
rth
ern
Arg
enti
na
. T
her
e is
no
t a
go
od
sid
e
and
a b
ad s
ide,
th
ey a
re n
eces
sary
asp
ects
fo
r th
e fu
nct
ion
ing
of
cap
ital
ist
no
rmal
ity
.
On
th
e o
ther
ha
nd
, w
e sh
ou
ld a
sk o
urs
elv
es:
ho
w i
t is
po
ssib
le,
wit
h s
uch
a s
top
in
pro
du
ctiv
e ec
on
om
ic a
ctiv
ity
,
���1���1�����1��1����1��4���1������õ1��1���1�������1��1�1
va
ccin
e fo
r C
OV
ID–
19
, th
e U
nit
ed S
tate
s F
eder
al
Res
erv
e,
for
exam
ple
, in
ject
ed b
illi
on
s o
f d
oll
ars
to c
alm
mar
ket
s an
d
pre
ven
t th
e p
and
emic
fro
m t
hre
aten
ing
gro
wth
. Th
e U
nit
ed
Sta
tes
has
lo
wer
ed i
ts a
nn
ual
in
tere
st r
ates
to
0%
.
To
day
cap
ital
ism
is
sust
ain
ed o
n t
he
bas
is o
f th
e co
nti
n-
����1����������1��1���������1�������ð1��1�����1���1�������1
���1�����1��1����
����1����������1����1���� 1��1��1��������ï1���1
�����������1��1���������1��1��1� ���1��1����1������ð1���1
ther
efo
re t
his
do
min
an
t w
ides
pre
ad
fea
r is
no
thin
g m
ore
than
th
e fe
ar w
hic
h t
he
do
min
ant
clas
s h
as.
To
ret
urn
to
ou
r m
ost
tan
gib
le a
nd
mac
abre
glo
bal
rea
lity
,
�1����1��1�����ð1��1����1��ð1����1 �1���1���1����4����1����1
pan
dem
ic t
hat
sco
urg
es u
s. O
ne
situ
atio
n d
oes
no
t re
mo
ve
or
ob
scu
re t
he
oth
er, e
ven
wo
rse,
th
ey r
ein
forc
e ea
ch o
ther
.
�����1��1��1����1�����1��1���1�����������1��1������1����-
�������1��1����¢1��1�������1��1���1����������¢1��1�¢���1��1
2
������1��1�������ï1B
ut
we
do
see
th
at s
om
e d
ead
are
wo
rth
mo
re t
ha
n o
ther
s, w
hic
h s
ho
uld
no
t b
e o
ver
loo
ked
wh
en
anal
ysi
ng
a p
rob
lem
th
at i
s su
pp
ose
d t
o b
e g
lob
al.
As
we
wri
te t
hes
e w
ord
s, t
he
pa
nd
emic
is
beg
inn
ing
to
���¢1����1�����ï1�����ð1���������¢1�������
���1 ���1����1
its
ow
n c
har
acte
rist
ics
sin
ce i
t is
th
e se
con
d m
ost
po
pu
late
d
cou
ntr
y i
n t
he
wo
rld
, an
d b
ecau
se a
cco
rdin
g t
o t
he
Inte
rna-
tio
nal
Lab
ou
r O
rgan
izat
ion
(IL
O)
at l
east
90%
of
the
lab
ou
r
forc
e in
In
dia
wo
rks
in t
he
info
rmal
sec
tor.
Th
e co
ron
avir
us
pan
dem
ic, t
he
pan
ic t
hat
has
tak
en h
old
of
���1����������1���1���1�������������1������
����1���1�1������1
exp
erie
nce
sh
ared
by
mil
lio
ns
of
peo
ple
. Th
e C
hu
ang
co
llec
-
tiv
e, i
n t
hei
r ar
ticl
e S
ocia
l co
nta
gion
. Mic
robi
olog
ical
Cla
ss W
ar
in C
hin
að1������1���1����1�������
����1��1����1�1������1����� ��
1
of
its
com
mu
na
l fe
atu
res
bu
t n
on
eth
eles
s ca
pa
ble
of
del
iv-
erin
g a
dee
p s
ho
ck t
o b
oth
psy
che
an
d e
con
om
y.
Th
is f
act
�����1�����1��1 ����¢1��1����������ï1����1����1�������1�����1
of �N1�cRWN1�
RT_N
we
wan
t to
co
ntr
ibu
te t
o t
he
nec
essa
ry
���������1��1���1���������1 �1���1�����1�������ï
6th
of
Ap
ril,
202
0
Th
e v
iru
s is
ca
pit
ali
sm?
Vir
use
s a
re i
nfe
ctio
us
ag
ents
th
at
can
no
t b
e se
en w
ith
th
e
nak
ed e
ye,
in f
act,
th
ey a
re m
icro
sco
pic
. Sin
ce t
hey
are
ace
llu
-
lar
they
can
on
ly m
ult
iply
wit
hin
th
e ce
lls
of
oth
er o
rgan
ism
s.
Th
ey i
nfe
ct a
nim
als,
fu
ng
i, p
lan
ts,
and
bac
teri
a. B
ecau
se o
f
�����1��
������1�����������1�������¢ð1�����1���1����1 ��1�
���-
ph
ori
call
y l
ink
th
em t
o c
apit
alis
m.
Bu
t ca
pit
alis
m i
s n
ot
an
exte
rnal
ag
ent
that
liv
es t
hro
ug
h u
s, n
ot
even
th
e b
ou
rgeo
is
are
sim
ply
par
asit
es. T
o i
nsi
st o
n t
he
inn
oce
nce
of
the
vic
tim
���1���1�¡������1���������1��1���1�����������1������1����1��1
mo
re t
han
to
en
gag
e in
use
less
sch
emas
to
un
der
stan
d t
he
������1��1����������1���1��1����
1���1��������¢1��1�1� ������1
������1����1����1���1 ��
�1��1�������1������1���1��1��
�����1������ï
���1���������1��1����1��������1��1�1��������ð1��1�����-
����1��1 �1���ð1����1 �1���1����������1������ï
Bo
th w
e an
d a
mem
ber
of
the
Bri
tish
Cro
wn
can
bec
om
e il
l. S
om
e fa
mo
us
�������������1������1���1��1�������
1�¢1���1����1������1
vir
us
of
the
mo
men
t, b
ecau
se t
hey
are
als
o a
nd
ab
ov
e al
l a
hu
man
bo
dy
.
Th
e th
ing
is
that
wit
ho
ut
vir
use
s, t
her
e w
ou
ld b
e n
o l
ife
as w
e k
no
w i
t. A
lth
ou
gh
it
is g
ener
ally
bel
iev
ed t
hat
vir
use
s
an
d b
act
eria
are
ou
r en
emie
s, l
ife
exis
ts t
ha
nk
s to
ba
lan
ce
���1�������1��������ð1���1�����������ï
���1�����������1���1������1��1���1�����������1��1���1
�������1�����1���1���¢1������1 �����1����������ï A
nd
no
t
sim
ply
bec
au
se t
ou
rism
an
d a
glo
ba
liz
ed w
orl
d e
xis
t, b
ut
bec
ause
th
ey a
re i
nh
eren
tly
rel
ated
to
th
e w
ay c
apit
alis
t so
ci-
ety
, wh
ich
is
tota
lita
rian
an
d g
lob
al, p
rod
uce
s an
d t
her
efo
re
dis
trib
ute
s co
mm
od
itie
s. B
ecau
se �1���1�������1�¢1�1������¢1
����1����1�����1�����1��1����
, an
d t
his
has
a d
irec
t im
pac
t o
n
ou
r fo
od
, h
ou
sin
g c
on
dit
ion
s, r
ela
tio
ns
an
d m
enta
l h
ealt
h.
����¢1�������1������1���1��������1�����1�������1��������1
����������ï
�4
���1����1��1����1���
�������1������¢1�
����1���
¢1������ñ1
no
t b
ein
g a
ble
to
get
en
ou
gh
res
t, s
leep
ing
in
a c
old
, d
amp
pla
ce, w
ork
ing
wh
ile
sick
, car
ryin
g o
n w
ith
ou
r d
uti
es w
ith
ou
r le
gs
shak
ing
, n
ot
hav
ing
wh
at w
e n
eed
to
eat
av
aila
ble
,
��������1��1��������1����������ð1��1����������
1�¢1���1�
��¢1
peo
ple
. Ou
r im
mu
nit
y i
s d
irec
tly
rel
ated
to
th
e en
vir
on
men
t
and
th
e w
ay w
e li
ve,
bu
t th
is d
oes
no
t m
ean
th
at t
her
e is
a
po
ssib
ilit
y t
hat
we
hu
man
s ca
n b
e fr
ee o
f d
isea
se.
As
Alf
red
o M
. B
on
an
no
po
ints
ou
t in
Ill
nes
s an
d C
apit
al:
�������1���1�1��4��1�
���1�����������1����
1����ï1�
�������¢ð1
�1
can
no
t sa
y t
ha
t th
ere
wo
uld
no
lo
ng
er b
e su
ch a
th
ing
as
illn
ess
in a
lib
erat
ed s
oci
ety
. N
or
can
we
say
th
at,
if s
uch
a
wo
nd
erfu
l ev
ent
wer
e to
occ
ur,
illn
ess
wo
uld
red
uce
itse
lf t
o a
sim
ple
wea
ken
ing
of
som
e h
yp
oth
etic
al f
orc
e th
at is
sti
ll t
o b
e
dis
cov
ered
. We
thin
k t
hat
illn
ess
is p
art
of
the
nat
ure
of
man
’s
stat
e o
f li
vin
g i
n s
oci
ety
, i.e
., it
co
rres
po
nd
s to
a c
erta
in p
rice
��1��1����1���1����������1�1��4��1��1�������1�������1����������1
��1�����1��1������1���1�����������¢1��������¢1��1�����1����1
the
free
st o
f so
ciet
ies.
Cer
tain
ly,
the
exp
on
enti
al g
row
th o
f
�������1��1�1����1������¢1 ����1�����������¢1��� ���1��
���������1
wo
uld
be
red
uce
d t
o t
he
stri
ctly
ind
isp
ensa
ble
, wo
uld
no
t b
e
com
par
able
to
th
at i
n a
so
ciet
y b
ased
on
ex
plo
itat
ion
, su
ch
as t
he
on
e in
wh
ich
we
are
liv
ing
no
w.
So
ill
nes
s w
ou
ld b
e
an e
xp
ress
ion
of
ou
r h
um
anit
y ju
st a
s it
is
an e
xp
ress
ion
of
���1������¢���1�������
��¢1����¢ï�
It d
oes
no
t ta
ke
a co
nsp
irac
y f
or
a v
iru
s to
ap
pea
r in
a c
ou
n-
��¢1���1������
1������1���1�����ð1����1���
����1���������¢�1��1
���1���������1 ����1 �1����1��ï1�
�1�������1���1�����1��1���1�����1
beh
ind
th
e cu
rren
t p
and
emic
(S
AR
S–C
oV
–2),
we
reco
mm
end
the
pre
vio
usl
y c
ited
art
icle
by
Ch
ua
ng
, g
iven
its
sy
nth
esis
15
��1W_]Xð1�1�����1��1�¡�����1����1���1����������4�1���������1��1���������¢1û���ü1���������
1�1���
���ð1���������
-
ned
by
th
e C
lub
of
Ro
me,
en
titl
ed T
he
Lim
its
to G
row
th,
in w
hic
h t
hey
det
aile
d t
he
eco
log
ical
, cli
mat
ic a
nd
so
cial
dis
ast
ers
tha
t ca
pit
ali
st d
evel
op
men
t w
as
bri
ng
ing
. A f
ew d
ay
s a
go
, a
n e
xp
ert
fro
m M
IT p
ub
lish
ed a
n a
rtic
le
enti
tled
Let
’s f
ace
it, t
he
life
styl
e w
e u
sed
to
know
is
nev
er g
oin
g t
o re
turn
, wh
ere
it i
s ex
pla
ined
to
us,
in
a c
lass
ic c
alm
and
neu
tral
to
ne,
ho
w t
his
pan
dem
ic i
s g
oin
g t
o c
han
ge
ou
r li
ves
:
“We
do
n’t
kn
ow
ex
actl
y w
hat
th
is n
ew f
utu
re w
ill
loo
k l
ike,
of
cou
rse.
Bu
t it
is
po
ssib
le t
o i
mag
ine
a w
orl
d i
n
����ð1��1�����1��1����1�1�����ð1¢��1�
�¢1����1��1��������1 ���1�1�������1����1������1���1�����
����1��1����������1
via
th
e te
lep
ho
ne.
Th
e ai
rlin
e w
ou
ld n
ot
be
able
to
see
wh
ere
they
had
go
ne,
bu
t w
ou
ld b
e al
erte
d i
f an
y p
asse
n-
����1���1����1����1������1
��1����1����1������
��1��1��������
1��1�������1���1�����ï1�����1 ����1��1�������1
��������
����1���1����¢1��1�����1������ð1����1��1����������1���������1��1������1��������������1�������ï1�����1
����1��1�����������1��������1����¢ ����ð1���1¢���1 ��������1�
����1�������1¢��1��1
���1�1�������1��1�����1
¢���1�����������1��1�����1�����1�����ï1������������1��������¢1��1���1������1��
�1�
�¢ð1��1���1������ð1����1�������1
�����1��1��
�����¢ñ1��1�������¢1����1��1����1����
1��1�������1�����������1����1���1�����1����1���1������1���1������¢1
reco
ver
ed a
nd
bee
n v
acci
nat
ed a
gai
nst
th
e la
test
str
ain
of
the
vir
us.
We
wil
l ad
apt
and
acc
ept
thes
e m
easu
res,
just
as
we
hav
e b
eco
me
accu
sto
med
to
in
crea
sin
gly
str
ing
ent
secu
rity
��������1��1��������1��1���1 ���1��1���������1�4����ï1���������1����������
��1
���1��1����1��1�1��
���1�����1��1��¢1���1
the
bas
ic f
reed
om
of
bei
ng
wit
h o
ther
s.
As
usu
al, m
ore
ov
er, t
he
real
co
st w
ill
be
bo
rne
by
th
e p
oo
rest
an
d w
eak
est.
Peo
ple
wit
h l
ess
acce
ss t
o h
ealt
hca
re
and
th
ose
liv
ing
in
are
as m
ore
pro
ne
to d
isea
se w
ill
also
be
excl
ud
ed m
ore
oft
en f
rom
pla
ces
and
op
po
rtu
nit
ies
����1��1���1������ï1���1����,�����¢��
ð1����1�������1��1��������1��1¢���1�����������ð1 ���1���1�����1����1����1
mo
re p
reca
rio
us.
Im
mig
ran
ts, r
efu
gee
s, t
he
un
do
cum
ente
d, a
nd
ex
-co
nv
icts
wil
l fa
ce a
no
ther
ob
stac
le t
o g
ain
ing
a fo
oth
old
in
so
ciet
y.
Mo
reo
ver
, un
less
str
ict
rule
s ar
e im
po
sed
on
ho
w t
he
risk
of
con
trac
tin
g a
dis
ease
is c
alcu
late
d f
or
any
ind
ivid
ual
,
go
ver
nm
ents
an
d c
om
pan
ies
cou
ld c
ho
ose
an
y c
rite
ria:
ear
nin
g l
ess
than
30,
000
euro
s a
yea
r co
uld
be
con
sid
ered
a ri
sk f
acto
r, a
s co
uld
hav
ing
a f
amil
y o
f m
ore
th
an s
ix a
nd
liv
ing
in
cer
tain
par
ts o
f a
cou
ntr
y, f
or
exam
ple
. Th
at
op
ens
the
do
or
to a
lgo
rith
mic
bia
s an
d h
idd
en d
iscr
imin
atio
n,
as h
app
ened
las
t y
ear
wit
h a
n a
lgo
rith
m u
sed
by
US
hea
lth
in
sure
rs t
hat
tu
rned
ou
t to
acc
iden
tall
y f
avo
ur
wh
ite
peo
ple
.
Th
e w
orl
d h
as c
han
ged
man
y t
imes
, an
d n
ow
it
is d
oin
g s
o a
gai
n.
We
wil
l al
l h
ave
to a
dap
t to
a n
ew w
ay o
f
liv
ing
, wo
rkin
g a
nd
so
cial
izin
g. B
ut
as w
ith
all
ch
ang
e, t
her
e w
ill
be
som
e w
ho
wil
l lo
se o
ut
mo
re t
han
mo
st.
����1��������1�����������1����1����1���1������������1
��1��1�������1������1���������1��1 ����1���¢1����1���¢1����1
����1��1�������1 ���1����������1���1����������ï1A
nd
th
e
no
tio
n o
f th
e st
ate
has
co
me
ou
t ev
en s
tro
ng
er, b
ecau
se e
ith
er
it h
as
do
ne
wh
at
it s
ho
uld
ha
ve
do
ne
or
bec
au
se s
om
eon
e
sho
uld
co
me
alo
ng
wh
o d
oes
.
Un
til n
ow
, th
e m
ain
cit
izen
rea
ctio
n, f
rom
left
to
rig
ht,
has
����1��1���1���1�����1��1��1��
������1��1���1������1�
�������1
û������1���1���������ð1������
����1��
�ð1��1��������¢ð1���
�������1
to b
e re
info
rced
). I
n a
dd
itio
n,
alt
ho
ug
h t
o a
les
ser
exte
nt,
they
are
ask
ing
fo
r d
rin
kin
g w
ater
an
d f
oo
d, a
bra
ke
on
th
e
��¢���ð1��¢����1��1��������ð1��4
��1����������1���1�����1 ��1
����1
���1��1�����1������
�����ð1��
�1����1���
����1���1���1
���������1��1��¢����1��1�����1���1��¡��ï1�
��1����������1�����
-
����1���&��1�������
���1��1���1���1����1��������1��1������1
ou
r n
eed
s. E
ven
mo
re t
ha
n o
n o
ther
occ
asi
on
s, t
her
e is
no
stru
gg
le, b
ut
rath
er d
eman
ds
that
str
eng
then
th
e le
git
imac
y
of
the
Sta
te.
Bu
t n
ot
ever
yth
ing
is
pea
ce a
nd
sil
ence
. In
th
is s
itu
atio
n,
stri
kes
in
th
e au
tom
ob
ile
ind
ust
ry i
n S
pai
n,
Ital
y a
nd
Can
a-
da
are
co
mm
enci
ng
. P
rote
sts
are
bei
ng
ma
de
by
Am
az
on
wo
rker
s in
Fra
nce
, S
pa
in a
nd
th
e U
nit
ed S
tate
s b
eca
use
of
exp
loit
ativ
e co
nd
itio
ns.
Th
ere
are
ren
t an
d o
ccu
pat
ion
str
ikes
in s
om
e ci
ties
in
th
e U
nit
ed S
tate
s.
�����1���1����1����1�������1��1��������1���������ð1���1����-
on
an
d d
eten
tio
n c
entr
e ri
ots
in I
taly
, Fra
nce
, Sp
ain
, Ger
man
y,
Leb
ano
n, A
rgen
tin
a an
d B
razi
l, a
mo
ng
oth
ers.
An
d t
his
do
esn
’t l
oo
k l
ike
it’s
go
ing
to
go
aw
ay b
ut
rath
er
to i
ncr
ease
. D
esp
ite
fea
r, m
istr
ust
an
d c
on
tro
l, s
oli
da
rity
����1���1����1���1����ð1���1����1����.�����
�£�����1��1����1���1
������1������������1��1�1���
���
��1��1�1���
�������1 ����ï1�
��1
pu
bli
c o
r d
iscr
ete
net
wo
rks
am
on
g n
eig
hb
ors
an
d f
rien
ds,
��1 ���1��1����1��������ð1���1�����1�1�
������¢ï1���1��������1
is h
ow
we
can
pre
ven
t th
ese
stru
gg
les
fro
m b
ein
g s
tran
gle
d
by
th
e d
esp
era
tio
n o
r fr
om
bei
ng
mer
e g
estu
res
lim
ited
in
tim
e an
d s
pac
e.
14
Wo
rk, w
ork
, wo
rk!
Th
e cr
isis
is
go
ing
to
mak
e w
ork
ing
co
nd
itio
ns
wo
rse.
It
wil
l
����1���.��������1�������1������1��1�����1��������1���1������1
mar
ket
an
d o
n e
mp
loy
ees
in g
ener
al. A
cco
rdin
g t
o a
n I
LO
asse
ssm
ent,
an
est
imat
ed 5
.3 t
o 2
4.7
mil
lio
n p
eop
le w
ill
lose
thei
r jo
bs,
wh
ile
22 m
illi
on
peo
ple
wer
e m
ade
red
un
dan
t b
y
���1XVV^.XVV_1������1����
����1������ï
���1���1����1���������1����1��� ���1^ï^1���1Y[1�������1
����1������1 ���1��1��1 ������1������¢1 ���� ���
,
com
par
ed t
o t
he
ori
gin
al e
stim
ate
for
2020
wh
ich
pre
dic
ted
a d
ecli
ne
of
14 m
illi
on
glo
bal
ly.
����������¢����1��1����1�¡������1��1��������1�¡�����-
�����¢ð1��1���1��������1������������1��1���1�����1��������1
wil
l tr
ansl
ate
no
t o
nly
in
to r
edu
ctio
ns
in w
ork
ing
ho
urs
an
d
wag
es, b
ut
also
in
to s
hif
ts t
o o
ther
are
as o
f w
ork
.
Cu
rren
tly
, C
ap
ita
l is
res
tru
ctu
rin
g i
tsel
f, s
ub
ject
ing
th
e
pro
leta
ria
n c
lass
un
der
th
e h
um
an
ita
ria
n p
rete
xt,
in
ord
er
to a
dap
t to
th
e n
eed
s o
f ac
cum
ula
tio
n a
nd
rep
rod
uct
ion
.
Ca
pit
ali
st d
estr
uct
ion
cre
ate
s n
ew p
rod
uct
s a
nd
ma
rket
op
po
rtu
nit
ies,
su
ch a
s th
e b
iote
chn
olo
gy
se
cto
r, w
hic
h
up
til
no
w i
s e
xtr
em
ely
co
nce
ntr
ate
d i
n A
sia
, e
spe
cia
lly
in I
sra
el.
Ho
me
del
iver
y s
erv
ices
are
ex
pa
nd
ing
an
d a
lso
on
lin
e t
rad
e g
rew
to
su
ch a
n e
xte
nt
tha
t it
le
d A
ma
zo
n,
for
exa
mp
le,
to s
tart
lo
ok
ing
fo
r 1
00
,00
0 m
ore
wo
rker
s fo
r
its
wa
reh
ou
ses
in t
he
Un
ited
Sta
tes
in o
rder
to
mee
t th
e
gro
win
g d
ema
nd
.
Tel
eco
mm
uti
ng
is
also
bec
om
ing
mo
re p
op
ula
r. I
nte
rnet
�������1�������1������
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fro
m h
om
e th
an
at
the
wo
rkp
lace
, w
hil
e ce
rta
in s
oft
wa
re
�����1��������1����������1��������ï
Reg
ard
less
of
wh
o p
ays
for
and
ris
ks
thei
r li
fe in
th
is c
risi
s,
wh
ich
is
no
t a
min
or
issu
e, t
he
emp
loy
ers
are
syst
emat
ical
ly
wo
rsen
ing
th
e w
ork
ing
co
nd
itio
ns
in t
he
so–c
alle
d “
esse
nti
al
�����ï1��1��¢1����ð1������������1��1 ����1���1 ������1�����-
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tha
t w
ou
ld h
av
e b
een
un
thin
ka
ble
. P
ay
cu
ts a
re p
rep
are
d
and
su
spen
sio
ns
are
incr
ease
d.
A r
etu
rn t
o n
orm
alc
y?
Ob
vio
usl
y t
his
is
a c
riti
cal
situ
ati
on
wh
ich
, im
po
sed
fro
m
�����ð1����1��1�¢���.�����£��
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Su
rely
th
ere
are
th
ose
wh
o s
ee t
he
tru
e fa
ce o
f th
is s
oci
-
ety
wh
en s
uch
a s
ho
ck —
rela
tiv
ely
su
dd
en a
nd
ab
ov
e a
ll
fors
eea
ble
— o
ccu
rs.
Oth
ers
ha
ve
alr
ead
y b
een
per
ceiv
ing
an
d e
nu
nci
ati
ng
th
e c
ha
ract
eri
stic
s o
f ca
pit
ali
st s
oci
ety
as
a w
ho
le.
No
w t
hen
, it
is
tim
e t
o m
eet
up
an
d d
iscu
ss
tog
eth
er. ��1��1���1�1����1��1�������1����¡���1��1������1
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th
e o
ther
ha
nd
,
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is n
ot
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ou
gh
. E
ven
th
e s
o–
call
ed
self
–k
no
wle
dg
e m
ust
als
o i
ncl
ud
e o
ther
s.
Th
e b
ou
rgeo
isie
has
ack
no
wle
dg
ed i
n m
any
art
icle
s in
its
pre
ss t
hat
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(see
bo
x)
Th
is b
ruta
l wo
rld
wid
e b
low
to
th
e p
role
tari
at h
as in
crea
sed
iso
lati
on
, in
div
idu
alis
m, m
utu
al d
istr
ust
, as
wel
l as
swee
pin
g
away
job
s w
ith
on
e st
rok
e o
f th
e p
en, a
nd
mig
ht
mo
dif
y t
he
form
s o
f w
ork
, a
s C
ap
ita
l h
as
do
ne
sev
era
l ti
mes
sin
ce i
ts
���������ï1������¢ð1�������
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vir
tua
l h
av
e sp
rea
d o
ut
ov
er l
on
g w
eek
s, w
her
e m
illi
on
s
of
peo
ple
co
uld
no
t m
eet,
to
uch
, o
r sm
ell
each
oth
er,
bu
t
rem
ain
ed c
on
nec
ted
. ��1�������£�1�����1����1��1����1 ����-
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to c
ut
cost
s b
y s
end
ing
th
eir
emp
loy
ees
to w
ork
fro
m h
om
e.
Man
y o
ther
s w
ere
sen
t h
om
e ei
ther
wit
ho
ut
wo
rk o
r w
ith
ou
t
��¢ï1������1���1��������¢���1�����1����������1���1������������1
of
con
tro
l. I
ncr
ease
d t
rav
el c
on
tro
ls, s
mar
tph
on
e ap
pli
cati
on
s,
beh
av
iora
l m
on
ito
rin
g,
an
d m
an
da
tory
hea
lth
tes
ts.
No
t
surp
risi
ng
ly, C
hin
a is
als
o b
egin
nin
g t
o e
xp
ort
, an
d i
n t
hes
e
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each
cit
izen
.
Ch
ina
’s a
lrea
dy
im
ple
men
ted
cre
dit
sy
stem
is
ma
de
po
ssib
le b
y t
he c
om
bin
ati
on
an
d i
nte
gra
tio
n o
f v
ari
ou
s
tech
no
log
ies
such
as
big
dat
a, f
acia
l re
cog
nit
ion
an
d i
nte
rnet
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lig
ence
su
rvei
llan
ce c
amer
as. T
his
is
wh
at t
hey
un
abas
hed
ly
����1�����������ï
3
an
d c
lari
ty.
It s
tate
s th
at
it w
as,
“li
ke
its
20
03
pre
dec
esso
r
����.���ð1��1 ���1��1���1�����1��1���1� ���1��1������1��ð1
ges
tate
d a
t th
e n
exu
s o
f ec
on
om
ics
an
d e
pid
emio
log
y.
It’s
no
t co
inci
den
tal
tha
t so
ma
ny
of
thes
e v
iru
ses
ha
ve
tak
en
on
th
e n
ames
of
anim
als:
th
e sp
read
of
new
dis
ease
s to
th
e
hu
ma
n p
op
ula
tio
n i
s a
lmo
st a
lwa
ys
the
pro
du
ct o
f w
ha
ts
call
ed z
oo
no
tic
tran
sfer
, w
hic
h i
s a
tech
nic
al w
ay o
f sa
yin
g
that
su
ch i
nfe
ctio
ns
jum
p f
rom
an
imal
s to
hu
man
s. T
his
lea
p
fro
m o
ne
spec
ies
to a
no
ther
is
con
dit
ion
ed b
y t
hin
gs
lik
e
pro
xim
ity
an
d t
he
reg
ula
rity
of
con
tact
, all
of
wh
ich
co
nst
ruct
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Fa
ith
in
Scie
nce
In t
his
co
nte
xt,
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Bu
t th
is
idea
, ci
nem
atic
by
th
e w
ay,
of
a sc
ien
ce t
hat
dis
pla
ys
all
its
po
ten
tia
l to
gu
ara
nte
e p
eop
le’s
hea
lth
, is
so
met
hin
g t
ha
t
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-
teri
ze t
he
curr
ent
stat
e o
f ra
tio
nal
kn
ow
led
ge,
is
a co
mp
lex
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the
mu
ltip
le a
nd
sim
ult
aneo
us
face
ts a
rtic
ula
ted
by
th
e ca
pi-
tali
st m
ach
iner
y.1��1��1���1�������1��1���ï1�����1��1��1�������1
���������1����1�������ï B
oth
hav
e d
evel
op
ed s
yn
erg
etic
ally
,
no
uri
shin
g e
ach
oth
er.
We
can
no
t fo
rget
th
at
thes
e en
vo
ys
of
Sci
ence
on
Ea
rth
are
th
e sa
me
on
es w
ho
ju
stif
y t
he
use
of
ag
roch
emic
als
in
the
Arg
enti
ne
reg
ion
, w
ho
dev
elo
p n
ot
on
ly t
he
wea
po
ns
for
wa
rs b
ut
als
o t
he
med
icin
es t
ha
t m
ak
e u
s si
ck a
nd
kil
l
us,
as
wel
l as
an
en
dle
ss n
um
ber
of
elem
ents
th
at r
ein
forc
e
this
ap
par
entl
y i
rrat
ion
al s
yst
em.
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stra
teg
y, t
akin
g a
dv
anta
ge
of
on
e o
f th
e m
any
dis
po
sses
sio
ns
that
su
stai
n m
od
ern
so
ciet
y: t
he
tak
ing
th
e k
no
wle
dg
e o
f se
lf–
care
an
d p
rese
rvat
ion
aw
ay f
rom
th
e d
yn
amic
s o
f th
e li
vin
g.
���1�����������1����
���¢1���1 ����ð1�¡������1�1�
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red
uct
ion
of
real
ity
, cre
atin
g m
od
els
of
un
der
stan
din
g–d
om
i-
nat
ion
of
hu
man
an
d n
on
–hu
man
nat
ure
. �1��� �����1����ð1
�¢1������������1���1����������1����1���1��������1��������1
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��1����¢�ð1��1����1����1���1�����ð1��1����������1�������1��������1
char
acte
rist
ics,
ind
epen
den
t o
f th
e en
vir
on
men
t in
wh
ich
th
ey
emer
ge
and
un
fold
th
eir
exis
ten
ce. E
ver
yth
ing
is
focu
sed
on
the
agen
t. T
he
op
erat
ion
era
ses
the
mat
eria
l co
nd
itio
ns
wh
ere
the
acti
on
tak
es p
lace
. We
talk
ab
ou
t th
e v
iru
s, t
he
illn
ess
and
���1��������1���1���1����������1��1���1������������ð1���1�����1
ab
ou
t th
e so
cia
l re
lati
on
s o
f p
rod
uct
ion
an
d r
epro
du
ctio
n
that
in
cub
ate
the
occ
urr
ence
s.
�������1������1��1���1�����������1����1��������1��� �-
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��1��1����¢ï I
t is
th
e to
tali
tari
anis
m im
po
sed
by
th
e m
ilit
ary
��������ð1���1�
������1����1��1�������1���1�4���ð1���1
syst
emat
ic d
estr
uct
ion
of
the
oth
er. G
ov
ern
men
ts a
pp
ly t
he
tact
ic,
the
ho
w t
o o
f th
e w
ha
t to
do
th
at
is i
mp
ose
d b
y t
he
rati
on
al a
rmy
, an
d t
hu
s ex
ecu
te d
ecis
ive
dec
isio
ns
such
as
���������1�1����������ð1��������1�1����1��1����������ð1����-
ing
a p
arti
cula
r es
tab
lish
men
t, f
orc
ing
an
d d
epri
vin
g w
ork
,
per
secu
tin
g, l
ock
ing
up
an
d t
ort
uri
ng
th
ose
wh
o d
o n
ot
ob
ey
its
dir
ecti
ves
.
���1�������������1��1�������1��1�1�������1������.���������1
bra
nch
is
tem
po
rary
an
d e
ver
–ch
ang
ing
. Wh
en a
no
ther
ty
pe
of
act
ion
on
rea
lity
is
nee
ded
, th
e ex
per
t k
no
wle
dg
e th
at
bes
t su
its
the
man
agem
ent
of
that
par
ticu
lar
soci
al s
itu
atio
n
wil
l ta
ke
ov
er.
Th
ey a
re e
xch
ang
ed a
s ea
sily
as
a sp
are
par
t
is r
epla
ced
. B
ecau
se t
hey
are
par
t o
f th
e sa
me
thin
g.
Gea
rs
of
this
sy
stem
th
at a
re a
lter
nat
ely
pla
ced
in
co
mm
and
or
at
dis
po
sal.
If
nec
essa
ry t
hey
ref
er t
o p
eop
le, t
he
env
iro
nm
ent,
the
pas
t, t
he
futu
re o
r li
fe, b
ut
alw
ays
wit
h t
he
calc
ula
tor
at
han
d.
Th
e S
tate
’s r
ea
cti
on
As
the
An
gry
Wo
rker
s o
f th
e W
orl
d c
oll
ecti
ve
po
ints
ou
t in
thei
r re
cen
t ar
ticl
e D
iscu
ssin
g t
he
CO
VID
–19
reg
ime
fro
m a
rev
olu
tio
nar
y w
ork
ing
cla
ss p
ersp
ecti
ve
in s
even
ste
ps,
th
e
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1��������1��1���1�������1
mo
tiv
ati
on
(“
the
sta
te u
ses
the
cris
is t
o e
xp
erim
ent
wit
h
�������.���������¢1���1���
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1
of
the
stat
e’s
ow
n i
nab
ilit
y t
o d
o w
hat
it
sho
uld
(“a
ust
erit
y
���1������¢��
1���1������1���������������üñ
“W
e c
an
ass
um
e t
ha
t th
e r
ep
ress
ive m
ea
sure
s a
nd
th
e
lock
do
wn
s ar
e al
so i
mp
ose
d i
n o
rder
to
co
ver
up
an
d c
ou
n-
������1���1����1��1�������1���
����1�������1���1���������ð1
e.g
. fo
r m
ass
tes
tin
g. ���1�����1��������1����1����1��1��1
����1��1���1����������1��1������1�������1��������ð1����1
���1����� 1�����1��1���1������1��������1��1�����1�������:
all
anti
–go
ver
nm
ent
pro
test
s in
Alg
eria
hav
e b
een
ban
ned
; th
e
mil
itar
y i
s o
n t
he
stre
ets
in F
ran
ce;
a th
ree
mo
nth
s st
ate
of
emer
gen
cy h
as b
een
dec
lare
d i
n C
hil
e, b
efo
re a
ny
fat
alit
ies
occ
urr
ed a
nd
bef
ore
an
y o
ther
med
ical
mea
sure
s h
ave
bee
n
tak
en. ���1�������1������1������1��1���1�1���������¢1�������1
�����1��������ð1���1���1�����1��� �1����1���¢1����1��1��1����1
��1���������1�������1��1���1���������1��1���1�������1������ï�
Th
e S
tate
mea
sure
s co
ntr
ad
ict
each
oth
er.
Ea
ch g
ov
ern
-
men
t is
pre
ssu
red
, on
th
e o
ne
han
d, t
o c
on
tro
l it
s p
op
ula
tio
n
4
(cu
rfew
s, b
ord
er c
losu
res)
in
ord
er t
o a
vo
id t
he
coll
apse
of
the
hea
lth
sy
stem
; an
d, o
n t
he
oth
er h
and
, to
kee
p p
rod
uct
ion
go
ing
(fo
rcin
g p
eop
le t
o g
o t
o w
ork
, re
scu
ing
co
mp
an
ies)
.
���1���������1�����1��1��1�������1��1����1 �1���1��1�����1
�������������1���1����1���1���1���������1�����1 ������1
�������1�������������1���1�����1���1���� ���1��1��1������1
����1����1����������¢1��1���1��������ï
Un
do
ub
ted
ly,
the
���
����1��1����������1�������
���1����������1��1����ð1���1
to m
enti
on
th
e w
ides
pre
ad t
end
ency
to
tu
rn a
bli
nd
ey
e to
po
lice
bru
tali
ty t
ow
ard
s th
ose
wh
o m
om
enta
rily
bre
ak t
hat
man
dat
e, u
sual
ly o
ut
of
nec
essi
ty.
Bu
t th
ere
is n
o n
eed
to
go
in
to t
he
sup
po
sed
ex
cess
es
do
ne
by
th
e fo
rces
of
law
an
d o
rder
wh
o d
efen
d p
riv
ate
pro
per
ty, a
nd
th
eref
ore
def
end
th
e b
ou
rgeo
isie
. ����������1
��1������¢1�1����������1�������ð1��1�������1��1���������ð1
wh
ich
co
nsi
sts
of
imp
osi
ng
lim
its
on
so
meo
ne a
nd
no
t
��4���1����
1���ï1��1���1��1��1
���1���1������ð1 ���1����������1
���1�������
���ï1��1���1��1����ð1���1�¡��
���ð1��1�1���������1
�������1��1����������1��1��1�����������ï1
In A
rgen
tin
a, f
or
exam
ple
, th
e g
ov
ern
men
t h
as t
hre
aten
ed
us
wit
h a
sta
te o
f si
ege,
an
d a
lth
ou
gh
it
has
no
t co
me
to t
hat
,
���1���������1��1���������¢1���
����ï1�
��1���������1��1���1������1
loss
of
con
stit
uti
on
al
gu
ara
nte
es.
Ho
wev
er,
the
po
lice
an
d
mil
itar
y a
pp
arat
us
tak
e o
ver
th
e st
reet
s an
d a
re e
mb
old
ened
W3
El
terr
or a
lo
invis
ible
, Su
san
na
Min
gu
ell.
to d
o a
s th
ey li
ke.
Go
ver
nm
ents
tel
l th
eir
citi
zen
s h
ow
, wh
ere
���1 ���1 ���1��1���������ï1�
��1��1���1�4
�������1��1���1���1
����£��1��1�����1�
����
����ð1���1 ���ð1����1����1��1�����1����ï1
If b
ein
g c
itiz
eniz
ed is
alr
ead
y a
pu
nis
hm
ent,
per
hap
s w
e w
ill
soo
n b
e le
ss t
han
th
at.
� ���1�
������1��¢�1���1���1��1���1������1������¢ï1�
� 1��1
������
����1��1����
���1��1��1�1��1�����ï1�
��1��1��1���������1
it n
eces
sary
, he
dea
ls o
ut
blo
ws,
fo
rces
peo
ple
to
do
sit
–up
s
and
sin
g t
he
nat
ion
al a
nth
em,
lik
e in
th
e n
eig
hb
orh
oo
ds
of
the
Arg
enti
ne
Rep
ub
lic.
Th
is k
ind
of
desp
era
te a
nd
ag
gre
ssiv
e m
ea
sure
s a
t a
glo
bal
lev
el r
esem
ble
, as
Ch
uan
g p
oin
ts o
ut,
th
ose
of
cou
nt-
er–i
nsu
rgen
cy c
ases
, ver
y c
lear
ly r
ecal
lin
g t
he
acti
on
s o
f th
e
mil
itar
y–c
olo
nia
l o
ccu
pat
ion
in
pla
ces
lik
e A
lger
ia o
r, m
ore
rece
ntl
y,
Pa
lest
ine.
�����1������1����1���¢1����1�������1
���1��1����1�����ð1���1��1�������������1����1���1����1��1�1
�����1����1��1���1 ������1����������ï1
Th
e ch
ara
cter
of
the
����������1�����1����1�1�������1������1���1�����1
��1����1
thei
r m
ind
set
on
wo
rld
rev
olu
tio
n, s
ince
it
is, e
ssen
tial
ly, a
sim
ula
tio
n o
f a
n i
nte
rna
tio
na
l le
vel
rea
ctio
n,
coo
rdin
ate
d
bet
wee
n S
tate
s.
Co
un
ter–
insu
rgen
cy i
s, a
fter
all
, a
kin
d o
f d
esp
erat
e w
ar
����1�����1�����1���¢1
���1�
���1�����1����
�1��1��������ð1
ap
pea
sem
en
t a
nd
eco
no
mic
in
corp
ora
tio
n h
av
e b
eco
me
����������ï1��1��1�1�����¢ð1����
�����ð1���������1������ï1���1
resu
lt o
f th
e re
pre
ssio
n i
s al
mo
st a
lway
s a
seco
nd
in
surg
en-
13
Co
ron
av
iru
s d
id n
ot
ca
use
the
eco
no
mic
cri
sis
Ra
ther
, it
da
rken
s th
e h
ori
zo
n o
f fo
reca
sts
tha
t b
ou
rgeo
is
eco
no
mis
ts h
ad a
lrea
dy
mad
e, i
nso
far
as t
he
pla
n t
o c
on
tain
the
vir
us
wo
rld
wid
e is
pro
du
ced
at
the
cost
of
furt
her
dee
pe-
nin
g t
he
slo
wd
ow
n i
n e
con
om
ic a
ctiv
ity
.
As
Ra
ul
Zib
ech
i re
cen
tly
po
inte
d o
ut
in h
is a
rtic
le T
he
coro
nav
iru
s as
a c
over
–up
for
the
syst
emic
cri
sis:
“th
e co
nju
nct
ion
of
tra
de
wa
r, B
rex
it,
pu
bli
c a
nd
pri
va
te d
ebt,
an
d g
row
ing
���������¢1 ��1������¢1
�������1�����1 ���1���1��������-
rus
ap
pea
red
. T
her
efo
re, ���1��������1��1���1���1�����1��1
���1��������1������1���1���1�����¢���ï1��������1��1��¢ð1���1
wo
rld
’s l
ead
ers,
esp
ecia
lly
th
ose
of
the
eco
no
mic
ally
em
er-
gin
g c
ou
ntr
ies,
can
use
th
e p
and
emic
as
an e
xp
lan
atio
n f
or
���1��������1������1��
�1���1����������1�¡���������1�
�������ï
No
twit
hst
an
din
g,
alr
ea
dy
in
Ja
nu
ary
of
this
yea
r, t
he
Inte
rnat
ion
al M
on
etar
y F
un
d p
ub
lish
ed i
ts f
ore
cast
s at
th
e
50
th a
nn
ua
l m
eeti
ng
of
the
Da
vo
s E
con
om
ic F
oru
m,
chec
-
kin
g a
nd
co
rrec
tin
g w
ith
lo
wer
val
ues
th
an e
xp
ecte
d i
n i
ts
pre
vio
us
gro
wth
fo
reca
st f
or
20
20
–2
1.
Its
ma
in c
on
clu
sio
n
��1����1���1 ����1������¢1��1��1�1����
�������¢1�����������1
situ
ati
on
. At
thes
e m
eeti
ng
s th
e IM
F a
na
lyse
s th
e d
evel
op
-
����1��1 ����1��������1�������¢1���������1��1���1��������1
po
liti
cal,
co
mm
erci
al, g
eop
oli
tica
l an
d c
ult
ura
l fac
ets,
as
wel
l
��1���1���������1���������1����1���1��������¢���1û����������ð1
����ð1�����1��
�1��������üï
Fin
ally
, a f
act
wh
ich
sh
ou
ld n
ot
be
ov
erlo
ok
ed r
egar
din
g
���1���������1��� �� ��1��1���1�����������1��1�������1
soci
al
pro
test
s d
uri
ng
20
19
.8 T
he
situ
ati
on
th
at
wa
s b
ein
g
exp
erie
nce
d i
n s
om
e 2
0 c
ou
ntr
ies,
so
me
of
wh
ich
we
ha
ve
���������
ð1���1�������1�1��������1�������ð1�����1���1�¡��-
rim
ent
in s
oci
al c
on
tro
l in
alm
ost
200
co
un
trie
s th
at w
e ar
e
end
uri
ng
.
Var
iou
s ec
on
om
ists
ag
ree
that
sin
ce t
he
end
of
the
cris
is
of
20
08
–0
9 a
nd
un
til
last
yea
r, t
he
situ
ati
on
of
the
wo
rld
eco
no
my
ha
s n
ot
bee
n o
ne
of
dep
ress
ion
or
rece
ssio
n,
bu
t
nei
ther
has
it
bee
n o
ne
of
stro
ng
gro
wth
. T
he
eco
no
mie
s o
f
the
euro
zo
ne
an
d J
ap
an
rem
ain
ed s
tag
na
nt;
gro
wth
wa
s
wea
k i
n t
he
Un
ited
Sta
tes
and
Can
ada;
an
d r
elat
ivel
y s
tro
ng
in t
he
dev
elo
pin
g c
ou
ntr
ies.
Sin
ce 2
00
9,
ther
e h
as
bee
n a
pro
lon
ged
per
iod
of
wea
k o
r se
mi–
stag
nan
t g
lob
al g
row
th,
and
of
low
in
ves
tmen
t.
Th
e o
utb
reak
of
the
coro
nav
iru
s is
in
sert
ed i
nto
th
is p
arti
-
�����1���������ð1��1����
����1����������¢1���1 ��������1��1���1
accu
mu
lati
on
pro
cess
, in
wh
ich
th
e sh
rin
kag
e in
pro
du
ctio
n
���1���
���ð1��
�1���1��������������1��1����
����1���
�������ð1
����1��
1�����1��1����
����1���1������������1��1���1����1������ï
Wit
h t
he
eco
no
mic
do
wn
turn
un
der
way
, it
is
ver
y l
ikel
y
that
ou
r ex
plo
itat
ion
wil
l d
eep
en.
Tim
es o
f ri
sin
g u
nem
plo
-
ym
ent,
dec
lin
ing
wa
ges
an
d w
ors
enin
g l
ivin
g c
on
dit
ion
s
are
ahea
d.
^3
In t
his
reg
ard
, we
reco
mm
end
th
e p
ub
lica
tio
n A
pro
pósi
to
de
las
rev
uel
tas
de
20
19
(O
n t
he
rev
olt
s o
f 20
19),
pu
bli
shed
by
th
e L
a C
ald
era
lib
rary
in
Bu
eno
s A
ires
.
12
Soc
ial
con
tag
ion
. M
icro
biol
ogic
al C
lass
War
in
Ch
ina
pre
sen
ts a
co
mp
re-
hen
siv
e, f
orc
efu
l an
d i
nd
isp
ensa
ble
an
aly
sis
of
the
cau
ses
of
the
curr
ent
�����
,W_1������1������ð1���1���1������������1���1�����1���1���1����1��1
the
wo
rld
.
On
Mar
ch 1
9, w
hil
e m
assi
ve
iso
lati
on
was
bei
ng
imp
ose
d o
n t
he
Arg
en-
����1������ð1 �1�������
1���������1���1����1�����������1��1���1�������1��1
bo
ok
fo
rmat
wit
h o
ur
edit
ori
al p
roje
ct L
azo
Ed
icio
nes
. As
a re
sult
of
the
������
����ð1�����1�� 1��1���1���¢1����1����1��1���������1��1���1�������1�������ð1�
�����1��������ð1�� ����ð1��������1
con
ver
sati
on
s in
vir
tual
sp
aces
.
���������¢1���������
1�¢1���1������1�����1��1�������¢1X\��1��1����1¢���ð1
����1������1���1����������1 ��1
app
lied
to
th
e re
st o
f th
e w
orl
d,
the
arti
cle
has
no
t lo
st i
ts v
alid
ity
, an
d h
as t
he
nec
essa
ry c
lari
ty t
o a
dd
ress
th
e
issu
e in
its
co
mp
lex
ity
.
Th
e te
xt
sho
ws
the
soci
al r
eali
ty a
nd
th
e tr
ansf
orm
atio
ns
der
ived
fro
m t
he
eco
no
mic
dev
elo
pm
ent
of
the
last
dec
ad
es t
hro
ug
h w
hic
h C
hin
a w
ent
fro
m b
ein
g “
an
iso
late
d p
lan
ned
sta
te e
con
om
y t
o a
n i
nte
gra
ted
ca
pit
ali
st
����������1������ï�1��1���1������1�����������1��1���1���¢1��1�����ð1���1�������1�����1��1���1�������ð1��1��������1��1
char
acte
rizi
ng
th
e co
nd
itio
ns
in w
hic
h li
fe is
rep
rod
uce
d in
th
e m
ain
urb
an in
du
stri
al c
om
ple
xes
of
that
vas
t re
gio
n.
Th
us,
it
sho
ws
that
th
e p
roli
fera
tio
n o
f n
ew v
iru
ses
is i
nti
mat
ely
lin
ked
to
th
e p
rofo
un
d d
eter
iora
tio
n, i
mp
lici
t in
cap
ital
ism
, of
ou
r li
nk
as
a sp
ecie
s w
ith
th
e n
atu
ral
no
n-h
um
an e
nv
iro
nm
ent.
On
th
e o
ther
han
d,
the
anal
ysi
s o
f th
e p
oli
cies
of
the
tota
lita
rian
Ch
ines
e st
ate,
th
e v
ang
uar
d i
n s
ever
al f
acet
s
��1���1���������¢1���1��1���1�������1��1������1�������ð1���� �1��1��1���
���1��1���1��
����1��1���1����������1���
���1
�¢1���1��������1��1���������1���1������
����ð1
����1
���1��������¢1�����1��1�����1��
�1�����1���
�������1����������¢1
all
ov
er t
he
wo
rld
.
An
d a
t th
ese
lati
tud
es,
wh
at
do
we
kn
ow
ab
ou
t C
hin
a?
We
kn
ow
ab
ou
t th
e en
orm
ou
s p
ow
er w
ith
wh
ich
it
pro
du
ces
an
d c
on
sum
es g
oo
ds.
We
als
o k
no
w t
ha
t it
is
the
ma
in d
esti
na
tio
n o
f a
gri
cult
ura
l p
rod
uct
ion
in
ou
r
������ï1��������1����1��1�����1���1����1��1�����ð1�����1���1
��������1���1����1���1������ï1���1��1���1����1
����ð1���1������1���1
��������1�������1��������ï1���1�������1���������1�������¢1��1���1 ����1������¢1�������1��1
��1�����1�����1���1������������1��1���1���������1�������1��1���1 ������1�����ï1�
���1���
����1����1��1�����
1�������1
and
ru
ral
area
s is
of
vit
al i
mp
ort
ance
fo
r al
l o
f u
s.
Ch
uan
g m
akes
a g
reat
co
ntr
ibu
tio
n i
n t
his
reg
ard
. T
his
co
mm
un
ist
gro
up
in
Ch
ina
is a
s m
uch
a c
riti
c o
f th
e
������1�����������1��1���1�������1���������1����¢1��1��1��1��1���1�������1����������1��1���1������������1�
����
����1
in H
on
g K
on
g. I
n t
hei
r w
ebsi
te, i
n a
dd
itio
n t
o t
he
blo
g a
rtic
les,
th
ey p
ub
lish
a t
hem
atic
mag
azin
e, w
hic
h a
lrea
dy
has
an
En
gli
sh e
dit
ion
.
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1����1����
���ï1��1����1��1�������1���1���
������1�������1����ð1��
�1
we
ho
pe
that
th
is b
oo
k w
ill
be
on
e m
ore
cau
se f
or
mee
tin
g u
p, t
he
exer
cise
of
rad
ical
cri
tici
sm a
nd
th
e n
eces
sary
����,���
�������1���������ï
Th
e co
mp
lete
bo
ok
is
avai
lab
le i
n s
pan
ish
on
ou
r w
ebsi
te: l
azo
edic
ion
es.b
log
spo
t.co
m. O
ne
can
als
o c
hec
k t
he
ori
gin
al a
rtic
le i
n C
hu
ang
’s b
log
: ch
uan
gcn
.org
/202
0/02
/so
cial
-co
nta
gio
n/
NE
W T
ITL
E
So
cia
l C
on
tag
ion
. M
icro
bio
log
ica
l cla
ss w
ar
in C
hin
a
5
�¢ð1��������1�¢1���1��������1��1���1����1���1��
�1����1�
���1
des
per
ate.
Bu
t w
e ca
n a
dd
th
at ����1����1��1�������.�����-
����¢1�������1��1�1����������1 �¢ð1�������1��1��1���1�����¢1
�������1�1����������1���1 ���1���1����������ð1������1����¢1
����1�1�����������1���1����¢1����£��1�1�������1���1�������1
���1��1���1���������ï1T
hei
r w
eap
on
s: w
hat
sap
p,
cam
eras
,
�������1��� �����ò1��
�1�����1��������1���
1��1�����1 ���� �1
or
bal
con
ies.
Ou
r re
ject
ion
of
the S
tate
an
d a
ll i
ts m
ea
sure
s is
no
t
ba
sed
on
id
eolo
gic
al
pri
nci
ple
, b
ut
on
ou
r m
ate
ria
l re
ali
ty
of
exp
loit
atio
n a
nd
do
min
atio
n. T
her
e ar
e al
read
y p
len
ty o
f
vo
ices
th
at l
ov
e to
say
wh
at t
he
Sta
te s
ho
uld
do
, h
op
ing
to
be
able
to
do
it
them
selv
es.
On
th
e co
ntr
ary
, it
is
nec
essa
ry
��1�������£�1�����1������1���1����1���1���1��������¢1�������-
sio
n. W
hen
fac
ed w
ith
pro
ble
ms
that
it
can
no
t so
lve,
we
wil
l
rem
emb
er t
hat
it is
par
t o
f th
e p
rob
lem
, an
d n
ever
its
solu
tio
n,
��1�
�4��1
��1��1��1������ï
Co
ron
avir
us
is e
xem
pla
ry i
n t
his
reg
ard
. We
do
no
t d
eny
the
exis
ten
ce o
f th
e p
rob
lem
of
the
spre
ad o
f a
vir
us
wo
rld
-
wid
e. N
or
do
we
den
y t
he
fact
th
at t
her
e ar
e m
easu
res
less
des
tru
ctiv
e th
an
oth
ers
for
the
pro
leta
ria
n c
lass
. W
ha
t w
e
do
po
int
ou
t is
th
at w
hat
is
inte
nd
ed a
s a
solu
tio
n i
s m
akin
g
the
situ
atio
n s
erio
usl
y w
ors
e.
Po
liti
cian
s w
ill t
ell u
s th
at t
her
e is
no
alt
ern
ativ
e, t
hat
th
ese
are
mea
sure
s th
at c
an b
e cr
itic
ised
, bu
t it
wo
uld
be
wo
rse
if
�������1
���1����ï1���1�� 1
��1���������1�
���1������
����1
spea
k o
f th
e n
eed
to
car
ry o
ut
larg
e–sc
ale
test
ing
, to
iso
late
on
ly t
he
sick
an
d p
eop
le w
ith
sy
mp
tom
s, t
o f
ocu
s ca
re o
n
���1��.����1����������ï1�
����1 ��1��1�1��4��1�������ð1�
����
�1
stro
ng
dec
isio
ns
ag
ain
st t
he
pri
va
te h
ealt
h s
ecto
r, a
s w
ell
as e
con
om
ic m
easu
res
ran
gin
g f
rom
mas
siv
e su
bsi
die
s fo
r
info
rma
l w
ork
ers
to i
mp
osi
tio
ns
on
co
mp
an
ies
as
a b
rak
e
��1��¢���ð1����1��¢����1��1��������ð1����1����������1�����
-
ver
sio
n o
f so
me
fact
ori
es t
o p
rod
uce
ven
tila
tors
an
d o
ther
hea
lth
im
ple
men
ts.
Th
ese
nee
ds,
wh
ich
see
k t
o b
e re
du
ced
to
rig
hts
by
th
e
Sta
te:
the
rig
ht
to m
eet,
to
cir
cula
te,
to d
emo
nst
rate
… a
s
lon
g a
s th
e S
tate
co
nsi
der
s it
ap
pro
pri
ate
. W
ith
ou
r n
eed
s
trad
ed f
or
rig
hts
, th
e st
rug
gle
co
mes
do
wn
to
wh
at “
the
Sta
te
������1���ï1����1��1���1����1����1���1���� ��
1����1�
������1
�������
���1 ����1���1�������1�������1��1���1�����������1��1
the
last
dec
ades
is
bei
ng
mad
e o
n a
wo
rld
wid
e sc
ale.
No
ne
ed
fo
r a
con
spir
acy
W3
Hay
alg
o m
ás a
llá
de
nu
estr
as n
aric
es. C
ríti
ca a
las
teor
ías
de
la c
onsp
irac
ión
. Mar
ipo
sas
del
cao
s, 2
009.
���¢1��¡�����������1���1���1���������1��1���1
pan
dem
ic h
ave
bee
n f
ed b
y p
aran
oid
id
eas
of
con
s-
pir
acy
as
wel
l as
raci
st p
reju
dic
es. S
up
po
rter
s o
f th
e
form
er d
o n
ot
un
der
sta
nd
sta
tes
as
gu
ara
nto
rs o
f
a w
orl
d o
rder
th
at
kil
ls,
wea
ken
s a
nd
sic
ken
s u
s,
bu
t as
dar
k c
har
acte
rs w
ho
mu
st i
ntr
od
uce
cer
tain
dis
ease
s in
ord
er t
o m
ak
e o
ur
liv
es t
ruly
ter
rib
le.
Ob
vio
usl
y, �����1��1��1����1���1����1�1���������¢ï1
������1���������¢1����������1 ���1����1�����ð1����1
���������¢ð1��1������1����1�����1����1������1�����1��1
����1���1�����1���1�����1��1���1�������¢ï
We
liv
e in
a s
yst
em w
her
e th
e p
eop
le i
n d
eci-
sio
n-m
akin
g a
nd
man
agem
ent
po
siti
on
s ar
e, f
or
the
mo
st p
art,
per
fect
ly i
nte
rch
ang
eab
le, w
hic
h m
ean
s
that
th
e re
al p
rob
lem
lies
wit
h t
he
syst
em it
self
, an
d
���1 ���1���1��������ï1��¢���1����1��1�������1��
ð1
just
lik
e sa
yin
g t
hat
cap
ital
ism
bri
ng
s w
ar, h
un
ger
an
d c
risi
s w
ith
ou
t th
e n
eed
fo
r a
ny
on
e fr
om
th
e
sha
do
ws,
fro
m h
idd
en
an
d o
ccu
lt g
rou
ps
to b
e
pro
vo
kin
g t
hes
e th
ing
s.1
��������1���������¢1����������1���1������¢1������
1
to r
acis
m, �����1��1�1�������¢1������1�¡���������1����1
���1����1�����1��1�1�����,��������1���������ñ1���1
�������1�����1��1���1�������1���1������1�������1
�����1����1��1���1����ï1�
���1�4��
���1��1�¡���������1
forg
et t
he
soci
al d
imen
sio
n o
f th
e is
sue.
Th
e o
bed
ien
t ci
tize
n f
ears
a v
iru
s th
at h
e th
ink
s
com
es f
rom
th
e o
uts
ide,
bec
au
se f
or
him
th
e b
ad
alw
ay
s co
mes
fro
m t
he
ou
tsid
e, i
t is
an
ex
tern
al
pro
ble
m.
He
is a
fra
id o
f a
vir
us
(fro
m t
he
Gre
ek
âñ�1t
oxin
or
poi
sonüï1���¡���ð1�1 ���1��1�����������1
that
it
exp
ress
es e
ver
yth
ing
th
at i
s su
pp
ose
d t
o b
e
exte
rnal
to
th
e in
div
idu
al a
nd
of
wh
ich
on
e li
ves
in
fear
. Th
us,
rel
atio
nsh
ips
are
lab
eled
as
toxi
c, p
eop
le
wh
o d
on
’t l
ike
him
are
to
xic
, an
d t
ho
se o
f u
s w
ho
pro
test
are
to
xic.
An
d s
o t
he
ind
ivid
ual
, fre
e o
f g
uil
t
and
ch
arg
e, t
akes
no
res
po
nsi
bil
ity
fo
r th
e w
orl
d i
n
wh
ich
he
liv
es a
nd
av
oid
s m
ixin
g w
ith
th
e re
st s
o
as n
ot
to b
e in
tox
icat
ed.
6
Sta
te o
f is
ola
tio
n
X3
As
men
tio
ned
, th
is c
an b
e re
ad in
th
eir
pu
bli
c d
ocu
men
ts.
See
th
e b
oo
k A
rmy
on
th
e S
tree
ts b
y I
tali
an
co
llec
tiv
e R
om
-p
ere
le R
igh
e, o
rig
ina
lly
pu
bli
shed
in
20
10
an
d s
ub
titl
ed
pre
cise
ly:
Som
e as
pec
ts o
f N
AT
O’s
“U
rban
Op
erat
ion
s in
th
e ye
ar 2
02
0”
rep
ort.
Th
ere
is le
ss a
nd
less
to
be
rev
eale
d. ������1����1�����¢1�����1
��������1��������1��1�������1�����������ï1��1 ����1��1
������1��1����1�����1��¢�����1����������ð1���1���¢1������1
��1��1����1�����������ï
In A
rgen
tin
a, l
ike
a p
rem
on
itio
n, A
lber
to F
ern
ánd
ez h
ad
bee
n r
epea
tin
g s
ince
Sep
tem
ber
last
yea
r, w
hen
he
was
no
t y
et
���������ñ1���1������1�����1�����1��1���1��������ï1����1 ��1���1
reco
mm
end
atio
n t
o h
is c
on
stit
uen
ts: n
ot
to p
rote
st in
th
e la
st
mo
nth
s o
f M
acri
’s g
ov
ern
men
t b
ecau
se t
he
solu
tio
n w
as in
th
e
bal
lot
bo
x a
nd
no
t in
th
e st
reet
s, t
hat
is, i
n t
he
ind
ivid
ual
ized
citi
zen
(o
ne
per
son
/on
e v
ote
) an
d n
ot
in t
he
coll
ecti
ve.
He
did
n’t
wan
t an
yo
ne
to g
et in
to t
he
hab
it o
f p
rote
stin
g b
ecau
se
the
Arg
enti
ne
pes
o w
ou
ld c
on
tin
ue
to d
evalu
e ag
ain
st t
he
do
llar
, u
nem
plo
ym
ent
wo
uld
in
crea
se,
and
ou
r li
ves
wo
uld
get
wo
rse.
Wit
h o
r w
ith
ou
t a
pan
dem
ic, a
s G
ener
al P
eró
n s
aid
,
�����1����1��1 ���1���1����1 ���1��1�����ï1�
�1������ð1����1
app
lies
to
th
ose
wh
o h
ave
a jo
b a
nd
a h
om
e.
�1��
1��¢�1���ð1������
¢1��1����ð1��
�1��1��1�������1���1
������1��1���1����������ð1���1���������1���������1����1���1
��1�1
��1�������1��1���������1���
¢1����1�4����1��1��1������1
����1 �1�������
��1��1���1�¡����1���ï1�����ð1��������1��1
��1�¢1�����1�����.
Th
at i
s w
hy
, in
th
e fa
ce o
f a
pan
dem
ic,
���¢1�������1���������1���������1����1������¢1������1�������¢ï
���¢1�����1��1 ���ð1��1����1�����1������1��
�1�������1��ð1��1
mu
ch t
ho
se w
ho
are
infe
cted
as
tho
se w
ho
are
no
t. T
he
usu
al
��������1��1������¢1���1����1��1����������1��������
1������ï1
���������1��������1��1������1 ��1��1���1����1���1�������1����1
��������1���1����������1��1�1�� 1�����1��1������1����������ï
It i
s re
ma
rka
ble
ho
w i
mp
oss
ible
it
is t
od
ay
to
refe
r to
���1��1����������¢1��������ï1�
�����1���1���
�����ð1�������
��1
��������¢ð1��1��������1�������1 ���1�1���������1��1���¢1��¢�ï1
Th
is i
s an
un
pre
ced
ente
d s
itu
atio
n, i
n w
hic
h p
role
tari
ans
in
so m
any
co
un
trie
s ar
e li
vin
g a
sim
ilar
rea
lity
.
Th
e C
OV
ID–1
9 p
and
emic
is
bei
ng
use
d a
s a
glo
bal
so
cial
con
tro
l lab
ora
tory
. Th
is p
oss
ibil
ity
has
bee
n p
ub
licl
y p
lan
ned
by
NA
TO
an
d t
he
Eu
rop
ean
Un
ion
sin
ce a
t le
ast
2010
. Th
ere
is n
o n
eed
to
co
nsp
irat
ori
ally
cre
ate
a la
bo
rato
ry v
iru
s. F
or
dec
ad
es,
sta
tes
ha
ve
wid
ened
th
e m
oti
ves
fo
r w
hic
h t
hey
can
mil
ita
rily
in
terv
ene
in a
ter
rito
ry.
To
th
e si
tua
tio
ns
of
insu
rrect
ion
, re
vo
lt o
r ev
en
terr
ori
sm,
they
ha
ve a
dd
ed
�����1�������
1��1��������1����������1��1��
����
���ï1���¢1���1
all
of
them
on
th
e sa
me
lev
el b
ecau
se f
or
them
it
is s
imp
ly
�1��������1��1�������¢1����������1��1�������1�����ð1�����1
��1���������1��1����
1 ����1���1��������1�����1����ï2
Th
e
�����������1���1������
¢1�������1�����1�������1���1�����1�������¢1
����1��1���¢1����1���������
ï
Th
is i
s th
e so
cial
pre
ven
tio
n t
hat
th
e b
ou
rgeo
isie
all
ov
er
���1 ����1���������1��1���1�������1��1�����1������ï1��1������¢1
do
es n
ot
ha
ve
the
cap
aci
ty t
o p
rev
ent
ph
eno
men
a s
uch
as
�����������ð1��������1 �1�����1���1��¢1���1����1���1������1
����1��1����1��1�����ï1���1��1��¢1����ð1��1����1�����1��1�������1
���1������1������������ï1������¢ð1��1������1�������1��
1������
-
ic a
nd
sto
p a
dis
ease
fro
m s
pre
adin
g r
apid
ly a
cro
ss t
he
pla
net
.
���1�������1��1���1��1������1���1������ð1�
�����1��1��1�1��������1
��1�1������1�
������
���1����1��1�������
1 ���1�����1������ï
As
Ma
rx p
oin
ted
ou
t: “�������1�����1��1�������1��1���1
������1���1��������¢1��1���1 �����ð1�¡����1 ���1������¢1
������1��1��1����1����1����1�������������
. To
th
e cl
aim
ag
ain
st
ph
ysi
cal
and
sp
irit
ual
atr
op
hy
, ag
ain
st p
rem
atu
re d
eath
an
d
the
torm
ent
of
exce
ssiv
e la
bo
r, c
apit
al a
nsw
ers:
Sh
ou
ld w
e
be
torm
ente
d b
y t
his
to
rmen
t, w
hen
it
incr
ease
s o
ur
ple
a-
����1û�����üõ1���1��1�������1�����1����1����1���1���
���1��1
the
go
od
or
bad
wil
l o
f th
e in
div
idu
al c
apit
alis
t ei
ther
. Fre
e
com
pet
itio
n im
po
ses
the
imm
anen
t la
ws
of
cap
ital
ist
pro
du
c-
����1��1���1����������1���
�������1��1�1��������1�¡������1��
ï�
Th
ose
wh
o m
ake
up
th
e ex
plo
ited
an
d o
pp
ress
ed c
lass
, th
e
pro
leta
riat
, n
eed
to
, an
d o
ften
do
, re
aso
n l
ike
thei
r m
aste
rs.
An
d t
hey
wil
l sta
rt t
o c
are
abo
ut
this
or
that
dis
ease
wh
en t
he
stat
e an
d t
he
Cap
ital
po
int
it o
ut
as a
nat
ion
al h
ealt
h p
rob
lem
.
No
t th
at t
he
coro
nav
iru
s p
and
emic
is
no
t a
big
pro
ble
m, b
ut
as i
t h
app
ens
it’s
no
t th
e o
nly
on
e.
Pa
nic
an
d c
lich
és s
pre
ad
fa
ster
th
an
th
e v
iru
s. C
on
tra
ry
to w
hat
we
are
led
to
bel
iev
e, t
he
coro
nav
iru
s ca
nn
ot
be
the
����1�������1��1���1������1 ���ð1���������1��1������1������ð1
ther
e ar
e 92
5 m
illi
on
mal
no
uri
shed
peo
ple
.
Wit
ho
ut
go
ing
ver
y f
ar, A
rgen
tin
a is
sta
rvin
g a
nd
mil
lio
ns
hav
e n
ot
die
d b
ut
are
mal
no
uri
shed
. Acc
ord
ing
to
dat
a fr
om
the
IND
EC
(A
rgen
tin
e N
ati
on
al
Inst
itu
te o
f C
ensu
s a
nd
Sta
tist
ics)
its
elf,
on
e o
ut
of
ever
y t
hre
e A
rgen
tin
es i
s p
oo
r,
that
’s t
o s
ay, m
ore
th
an 1
4 m
illi
on
peo
ple
. Ev
en s
o, t
he
Sta
te
and
its
hu
man
ex
ten
sio
ns
ord
er t
ho
usa
nd
s o
f p
eop
le i
n t
his
cou
ntr
y w
ho
do
no
t h
ave
dri
nk
ing
wat
er t
o w
ash
th
emse
lves
wit
h w
ater
an
d s
oap
, or,
wit
ho
ut
go
ing
an
y f
urt
her
, tel
l th
em
to g
o a
nd
fet
ch d
rin
kin
g w
ater
ou
tsid
e th
eir
ho
mes
, wh
ile
at
the
sam
e ti
me
ord
erin
g h
om
eles
s p
eop
le t
o s
tay
at
ho
me,
or
to a
pp
ly f
or
mis
erab
le s
ub
sid
ies
ov
er t
he
Inte
rnet
.
So
it’
s n
ot
Arg
enti
na’
s m
ain
pro
ble
m e
ith
er.
Just
in
ref
er-
ence
to
hea
lth
, let
’s r
emem
ber
th
at n
ot
even
th
e ca
nce
r d
eath
s
lin
ked
to
th
e u
se o
f ag
ro–i
nd
ust
rial
was
te o
n t
he
Arg
enti
ne
coa
st m
an
ag
ed
to
un
ite s
o m
an
y p
eo
ple
or
trig
ger
such
�4������1��1�����1���1���������1��1�����1��������
1��1���1
curr
ent
situ
atio
n.
��1���1������1��1�����¢ð1���1�����������1����������1���1
no
t st
op
th
e to
xic
ag
ro–c
hem
ical
sp
ray
ing
, bu
t th
is s
eem
s to
��4
��1���¢1��4��1��1���1�������1����£��ð1 ��1�������1�1�����1
11
�����1�����1�
����1�
��1���ï1�
��1�����������1�����1�¡�������1
and
we
beg
in t
o w
on
der
wh
y s
o m
uch
em
ph
asis
is
pla
ced
on
war
rh
eto
ric.
���1��1���������1����1�������1��������1��1���1������1��1
������£�����ï1����1�����1����������1����1��1���������1
cap
ita
l, p
rod
uct
ive
rest
ruct
uri
ng
an
d s
ucc
essi
ve
eco
no
mic
������1��1���1������1�1��������1������������ð1��1��1 ��1����1
op
ens
the
wa
y f
or
a n
ew a
nd
mo
re l
ast
ing
sta
ge
of
va
lori
-
za
tio
n.
Ca
pit
al
rea
ches
th
e p
ara
do
xic
al
po
int
of
nee
din
g a
bru
tal
de–
val
ori
zati
on
to
giv
e a
new
im
pu
lse
to v
alo
riza
tio
n.
We
bri
ng
th
is u
p b
ecau
se m
any
are
su
rpri
sed
th
at i
n t
his
con
tex
t o
f p
and
emic
so
man
y c
om
pan
ies
hav
e fo
lded
wit
h-
ou
t m
uch
co
mp
lain
t to
th
e p
rod
uct
ion
sto
pp
ag
e, w
ith
th
e
eco
no
mic
lo
sses
th
at t
his
im
pli
es.
Th
at f
act
seem
s to
be
the
bes
t ar
gu
men
t to
mak
e u
s b
elie
ve
that
“w
e ar
e al
l in
th
e sa
me
�����ð1����1����1 ����1������1����1������1�����ï
��1�������1��1��1��������¢1��1���
���1��1 ������1����1��������1
��1 ����1 ��1��1���1����1��1���1���
���
��ð1��1�������1��¢���ð1
����������ð1�������
���ð1���
�������1���1������1�������ð1��1
��������������1��1�������1�������1��1���1����������1������ð1
of
tran
sfo
rmat
ion
an
d p
aup
eriz
atio
n o
f fo
rms
of
wo
rk a
nd
emp
loy
men
t, r
esp
on
ds
bu
t o
nly
to
a n
eed
in
her
ent
to t
he
eco
no
my
in
cri
sis,
wh
ich
has
fo
un
d i
n t
he
coro
nav
iru
s th
e
idea
l en
emy
to
ju
stif
y a
ser
ies
of
mea
sure
s u
po
n w
hic
h t
o
bas
e th
e m
uch
des
ired
rea
ctiv
atio
n.7
As
we
said
bef
ore
ab
ou
t co
un
ter–
insu
rgen
cy,
bo
th t
he
����������1����
¢�1���1���1�������1��1���1���������1����
¢�ð1
������1���1��4������1��
�1�¡���
����1��1���1�����������1��1��
1
or
imp
rov
ed s
yst
ems
of
con
tro
l an
d r
epre
ssio
n. ��1 ��1��1���1
������������1��1��������1�¢1�����1�����1���1���1������1�����1
��1�����������1��1���1�����¢1��1�������1�������¢ð1������1�����1
��1���1�������1��1 ��ï1����1����1���1������1��1����1 ��1���¢1
�¡�������1���1������¢1�¢1�����1�����ï
An
d t
he
inv
aded
,
dis
cip
lin
ed,
rep
ress
ed a
nd
mas
sacr
ed a
re a
lway
s su
pp
lied
fro
m t
he
ran
ks
of
the
exp
loit
ed a
nd
op
pre
ssed
.
We
can
see
th
e ex
ten
t to
wh
ich
th
is s
oci
ety
of
com
pet
itio
n
and
vio
len
ce f
aces
an
y e
ven
t as
if
it w
ere
a w
ar. E
ven
in
th
e
����1��1�1�����ð1��1����1���������¢1��
1�����1��1�������ð1�4���1���1
do
min
atio
n. �1�������1���1�����1��������ð1�����1���1����ð1
���1����1����1���1����1��1����1�1 ��ï1A
nd
it
is n
ot
fou
gh
t
wit
h g
un
s, t
ank
s an
d p
atro
l car
s as
th
e st
ates
of
the
wo
rld
are
do
ing
. W
e m
ust
tak
e it
on
wh
ole
, to
get
her
an
d s
tro
ng
, an
d
����1��1���
�1��
��������1
���1���1�������
���1��
�1������1��1
wh
ich
we
are
bei
ng
su
bje
cted
.
���1�����������1�������1��1����1��.������
1 ��1��1��1�����ï1
���1���������1��1������¢ð1����1�������1���ð1������1����1���1
��.������1�����������1���1�����������1�������1�������1�¢1
���1����������ï1����1���1����1��¢1��1���������¢1������-
men
t, t
he
nu
mb
er o
f w
om
en m
urd
ered
in
th
eir
ho
mes
by
]3��1�������1��1����1
�1���������1���1���
�����1��1�����������
1
Inte
rnat
ion
alis
ts: A
gai
nst
the
Pan
dem
ic o
f C
apit
al: S
oci
al R
evo
luti
on
!
thei
r h
usb
and
s o
r co
mp
anio
ns
beg
an t
o s
um
up
. B
ut
ther
e
���1���
¢1�
���1�����������1���
�����1����1���1����������1��1
�����ñ1����.�������1���������1�����������ð1��¡���1�����ð1
case
s o
f d
epre
ssio
n a
nd
wo
rsen
ing
of
men
tal h
ealt
h, i
mp
ose
d
��������ð1������� ����ð1���1��������1����1�������
���1������1
on
ch
ild
ren
.
So
, w
ha
t fu
rth
er
wo
rsen
s th
e l
ivin
g c
on
dit
ion
s o
f th
e
pro
leta
ria
ns
all
ov
er t
he
wo
rld
is
no
t ju
st a
vir
us,
bu
t th
e
�����1�������1�¢1�����1������ð1�������
���ð1���������ð1���1
crim
inal
izat
ion
of
dir
ect
hu
man
rel
atio
nsh
ips
and
th
eref
ore
nec
essa
rily
bo
dil
y r
elat
ion
s, o
pen
rep
ress
ion
an
d m
ilit
ariz
a-
tio
n. B
ruta
l co
nd
itio
ns
that
, “in
th
e fa
ce o
f th
e h
orr
or
of
the
������ð1�������1��
�����1��1���1������ð1��1���1������¢����ð1��1
pro
leta
rian
nei
gh
bo
rho
od
s, i
n h
osp
ital
s, p
riso
ns,
psy
chia
tric
ho
spit
als
and
ref
ug
ee c
amp
s. A
ll t
his
is
add
ed t
o t
he
un
em-
plo
ym
ent,
th
e d
ebts
an
d t
he
mis
ery
th
at
in t
he
sho
rt t
erm
beg
ins
to e
xp
lod
e, s
ho
win
g t
hat
th
e re
med
y a
gg
rav
ates
th
e
dis
ease
.
���1�����1��1�������1���������1��1���1�����1����1�������1
���1����������1��1���1���������1����1����1����1��1���1�����ï1
Th
is n
ot
on
ly w
eak
ens
us
emo
tio
nal
ly, b
ut
also
lea
ves
us
at
the
mer
cy o
f th
e st
ran
ge
com
pan
y o
f v
ario
us
tech
no
log
ical
dev
ices
. S
cree
ns,
tac
tile
or
no
t, t
hat
bo
mb
ard
us
wit
h t
hei
r
info
rmat
ion
ov
erlo
ad a
nd
th
at a
ct a
s m
edia
tors
bet
wee
n u
s
and
th
e w
orl
d, k
eep
ing
us
in t
ou
ch o
nly
th
rou
gh
vir
tual
ity
.
���1���������¢1��1�������
���1�����1��1��1��¢�����1�¡����-
tio
n a
nd
th
eref
ore
als
o t
o g
rad
ual
psy
cho
log
ical
ex
hau
stio
n.
Lik
ewis
e, t
he
un
cert
ain
ty a
bo
ut
the
futu
re a
nd
th
e d
om
inan
t
pan
ic e
xh
aust
us
emo
tio
nal
ly, w
hic
h a
lso
pro
du
ces
ph
ysi
cal
exh
au
stio
n.
It s
ho
uld
be
rem
emb
ered
th
at
in t
he
wa
rs o
f
rece
nt
dec
ades
th
e p
ost
–war
dea
d, t
he
sick
an
d t
he
suic
idal
,
do
ub
le t
he
nu
mb
er o
f th
ose
fal
len
in
co
nfr
on
tati
on
.
bri
ck a
nd
mo
rtar
in
fras
tru
ctu
re —
bri
dg
es, r
oad
s, a
nd
ch
eap
����������¢1���1����������ï�
Fa
ced
wit
h s
uch
a l
evel
of
imp
ov
eris
hm
ent
of
the
min
i-
mu
m c
on
dit
ion
s o
f su
rviv
al a
rou
nd
th
e w
orl
d, a
dd
ed t
o t
he
wo
rsen
ing
cu
rren
t si
tuat
ion
, th
e p
rop
osa
l to
ref
orm
th
e S
tate
,
its
inst
itu
tio
ns,
its
po
lici
es, w
ith
th
e b
ann
er o
f p
ub
lic
hea
lth
at t
he
hea
d,
is r
ein
forc
ed.
We
mu
st r
emem
ber
th
at i
t is
th
e
Sta
te t
ha
t is
su
bje
ct t
o e
con
om
ic d
evel
op
men
t a
nd
no
t th
e
oth
er w
ay
aro
un
d. ���1����1������1���1����1 ���1���¢1��1
�����1�����1 ���1��1��1� ���1� �¢1����1����1 ����ï
“We
are
at
wa
r”
[3
See
La
Ov
eja
Neg
ra N
o. 6
8: H
erid
as i
nte
rnac
ion
ales
\3
See
La
Ov
eja
Neg
ra N
o.
66:
En
tie
mp
o d
e re
vu
elta
s: C
hil
e y
Ecu
ador
“Th
e C
OV
ID–1
9 p
and
emic
is
a cr
isis
un
lik
e an
y o
ther
.
It l
oo
ks
lik
e a
wa
r, a
nd
in
ma
ny
wa
ys
it i
s. P
eop
le
are
dy
ing
. Hea
lth
pro
fess
ion
als
are
on
th
e fr
on
t li
nes
.
Th
ose
wo
rkin
g i
n e
ssen
tial
ser
vic
es, f
oo
d d
istr
ibu
tio
n,
del
iver
y s
erv
ices
an
d p
ub
lic
sup
pli
es a
re w
ork
ing
��������1��1�������1�����1��
����ï1���1����1�����1���1
���1������1��������ñ1�����1�������1���1���
���
��1 ��1
���1�������
1��1�����1�����ð1�
�����1��1����������1����¢1
to p
rod
uct
ion
.
In
a w
ar,
ma
ssiv
e sp
end
ing
on
arm
s st
imu
late
s
eco
no
mic
act
ivit
y a
nd
ess
enti
al
serv
ices
are
gu
ara
n-
teed
by
sp
ecia
l p
rov
isio
ns.
In
th
is c
risi
s, t
hin
gs
are
mo
re c
om
pli
cate
d, a
lth
ou
gh
a c
om
mo
n f
eatu
re i
s th
e
���������1����1��1���1������1�������ï1ûE
con
omic
pol
icie
s
for
the
war
ag
ain
st C
OV
ID–
19,
fro
m t
he
IMF
blo
g o
n
Lat
in A
mer
ican
eco
no
mic
iss
ues
)
���1���������1���������1�������1���1����1� �1���1�������1
��1���������1����¢ï�1����1
��1���1��1��������ó
1��1�����1
����������1���1���1����ï1���1���1��1 ��ð�1����1���������1
Em
man
uel
Mac
ron
in a
sp
eech
to
th
e F
ren
ch p
eop
le in
wh
ich
he
def
end
ed n
ati
on
al
un
ity
. T
he
sam
e p
resi
den
t w
ho
ha
s
����1���
�������1���1��������1��1���1�¢���� 1�����ð�1�������1
peo
ple
cri
pp
led
an
d m
uti
late
d i
n t
he
wak
e o
f h
is n
on
–let
hal
rep
ress
ion
.5 P
edro
San
chez
, th
e S
pan
ish
so
cial
ist
pre
sid
ent,
soli
cite
d a
his
tori
c m
ob
iliz
atio
n o
f re
sou
rces
fro
m t
he
Eu
ro-
pea
n U
nio
n i
n o
rder
to
co
nfr
on
t th
e co
ron
av
iru
s w
ith
th
e
����1�����ñ1���1���1��1 ���ï1�
���1��1��������¢1�
���1������£��
1
than
op
enly
dec
lari
ng
war
on
th
e p
op
ula
tio
n,
as S
ebas
tian
Piñ
era
did
las
t y
ear
in C
hil
e.6
���1��1�����������1�������1������ð1�������1��������4ð1
wh
o c
ho
se n
ot
to g
ran
t p
aid
ch
ild
care
lea
ve
to e
mp
loy
ees
of
Sw
iss
Med
ical
, o
ne
of
his
co
mp
anie
s, s
aid
: “W
e ar
e le
ad-
ing
act
ors
bu
t w
e a
re n
ot
dir
ecto
rs o
f th
e th
eatr
e. T
his
is
a
��ï�1���1��1�����
ñ1����1���������1�����1��1����������1
that
we’
re g
oin
g t
o g
ive
him
ev
ery
thin
g.
Ev
ery
thin
g t
hat
is
nee
ded
. Bu
t w
e h
ave
to w
ork
to
get
her
, th
is i
s a
war
, we
hav
e
��1
���1��������ï�
So
me
bo
urg
eois
ref
er t
o a
nd
mak
e u
se o
f th
e ex
cep
tio
nal
���������1��1���1�����¢���ð1�����1��¢���1��¢�1��
�1���
�����1
wag
es,
oth
ers
pre
fer
to o
pen
ly r
eco
gn
ize
the
clas
s w
ar a
nd
po
int
ou
t th
eir
alli
es.
UN
Sec
reta
ry G
ener
al A
nto
nio
Gu
terr
es s
aid
th
e co
ron
avi-
rus
pan
dem
ic “
is t
he
mo
st c
om
pli
cate
d c
risi
s th
e w
orl
d h
as
7
of
susp
end
ed r
easo
n a
nd
no
w h
as
on
ly o
ne
issu
e to
bu
sy
them
self
wit
h,
to p
anic
an
d t
o w
ait
for
the
Sta
te’s
so
luti
on
.
“Th
is h
as b
een
go
ing
on
fo
r a
few
day
s n
ow
, it
wo
uld
see
m
tha
t th
ey a
re t
ak
ing
ad
va
nta
ge
of
the
pre
sid
enti
al
dec
ree
����1������1������1���������1��1�����1��1��������1������
��¢�ð1
said
a l
oca
l re
sid
ent
of
Ram
ayn
(S
anta
Fe)
wh
o p
refe
rred
to
pro
tect
his
id
enti
ty.
������
����
1��1�����1�����ð1���1���1�������1��� �����ð1
mil
lio
ns
of
citi
zen
s ra
ise
the
call
to
sta
y a
t h
om
e, w
ith
in
sult
s
if n
eed
ed, s
nit
chin
g a
nd
en
do
rsin
g t
he
acti
on
s o
f S
tate
sec
u-
rity
fo
rces
, w
ho
hav
e b
een
see
n t
o b
e em
bo
lden
ed t
o a
bu
se,
bu
lly
an
d r
epre
ss n
eig
hb
ors
in
th
e st
reet
s. T
hey
are
afr
aid
to c
om
e in
to c
on
tact
, to
in
fect
eac
h o
ther
.
Th
e c
om
me
mo
rati
on
of
the
19
76
co
up
d’é
tat
inv
olv
ed
thre
ats
of
a s
tate
of
sieg
e b
y C
apta
in B
eto.
On
24
Ma
rch
,
the
Arg
en
tin
e S
tate
ce
leb
rate
d w
ith
mo
re t
ha
n 1
6,0
00
pe
op
le h
eld
in
de
ten
tio
n i
n j
ust
th
e f
irst
th
ree
da
ys
of
the
emer
gen
cy m
easu
res
pu
t in
to e
ffec
t b
y t
he
Nee
d a
nd
Urg
ency
Dec
ree
29
7/2
02
0,
an
d w
ith
dea
ths
tha
t en
sued
in
the
rio
ts a
t th
e p
riso
ns
of
Co
ron
da
an
d L
as
Flo
res
(Sa
nta
Fe
), w
hic
h f
oll
ow
ed
in
th
e w
ak
e o
f th
e p
riso
ne
rs’
fea
rs
of
catc
hin
g t
he
vir
us
fro
m p
riso
n g
ua
rds,
wh
ich
co
uld
Th
ere
are
no
“p
osh
pe
op
le”,
th
ere
are
so
cia
l cla
sse
s
�����1��1��1�4��
��1��1�¡�����1���1���¢1���1������
1��1���1
�����1���1����1���1������1������������ï1����1�¡���������ð1
at
the
sam
e ti
me
a t
ira
de,
arr
ives
to
tel
l u
s th
at
it i
s a
dis
ease
of
chet
os
(or
cuic
os,
pit
uco
s, o
r p
ijo
s d
epen
din
g
on
th
e co
un
try
) th
at i
s sp
read
by
tra
vel
lin
g a
rou
nd
th
e
wo
rld
on
ho
lid
ay. �����1��1����1���1����1����1��1�����ð1
���1��1�����1��1���1�¡������1�����1����������ð1���1��1
�����,��������1�������ï
So
cial
cla
ss is
th
us
red
uce
d t
o t
he
per
son
al t
aste
s o
f a
sect
or
of
soci
ety
an
d a
lrea
dy
see
ms
to b
e a
sta
te o
f m
ind
ra
ther
th
an
a m
ate
ria
l co
nd
itio
n
of
ex
iste
nce
. A
lth
ou
gh
to
da
y i
t se
em
s to
be f
rom
a
ver
y d
ista
nt
pas
t, u
nti
l a
mo
nth
ag
o t
he
gan
g o
f ru
gb
y
pla
yer
s th
at h
ad b
eate
n F
ern
and
o B
áez
So
sa t
o d
eath
in
a n
igh
tclu
b i
n B
uen
os
Air
es w
as a
lmo
st t
he
on
ly n
ews
circ
ula
tin
g i
n t
he
med
ia. T
her
e ar
e te
n p
eop
le c
har
ged
wit
h t
he
kil
lin
g I
t is
a s
tory
wh
ere
the
go
od
gu
ys
are
go
od
an
d t
he
bad
gu
ys
are
bad
. Fer
nan
do
was
an
arg
en-
tin
ian
-bo
rn c
hil
d o
f im
mig
ran
ts,
fro
m a
wo
rkin
g c
lass
fam
ily
. An
d t
he
rug
by
pla
yer
s w
ere
un
ple
asan
t, r
acis
t
an
d f
rom
wh
at
is c
on
sid
ered
th
e u
pp
er m
idd
le c
lass
.
Th
ere
are
tho
se w
ho
hav
e w
ante
d t
o s
ee s
om
e fo
rm o
f
cla
ssis
m i
n t
his
. An
d t
her
e m
ay
be
som
eth
ing
, b
ut
as
wit
h t
ho
se w
ho
co
me
fro
m o
uts
ide
the
cou
ntr
y,
it i
s a
soci
olo
gic
al c
lass
ism
.
�������1���1���1������1��1��1�����1��1����������1
�¡����������ð1���1����1�1��������1���1������������1�����1
��1��� ï
On
th
e o
ther
han
d,
it i
s a
clas
sism
th
at o
rbit
s
aro
un
d w
ha
t in
Arg
enti
na
is
con
sid
ered
th
e m
idd
le
cla
ss.
Wh
en t
he
raci
sm o
f th
e ru
gb
iers
is
po
inte
d o
ut
û��������1������1 ����1�����1��1����1¢���üð1�����1��������
1
is i
mm
edia
tely
po
inte
d o
ut,
bu
t it
is
the
cla
ssis
m o
f
yo
un
g p
eop
le w
ho
do
no
t co
me
fro
m t
he
hig
hes
t b
ou
r-
geo
isie
an
d w
e d
o n
ot
even
kn
ow
if
they
co
me
fro
m t
he
bo
urg
eois
ie, i
t is
th
e cl
assi
sm o
f so
me
chet
os.
Fo
r th
eir
par
t, F
ern
and
o’s
fam
ily
is
no
t p
oo
r o
r m
arg
inal
eit
her
,
lik
e th
e m
ajo
rity
of
yo
un
g p
eop
le w
ho
are
mu
rder
ed i
n
this
co
un
try
, m
ost
ly a
t th
e h
and
s o
f th
e st
ate
secu
rity
������ð1��1��1������1������
1��1����1���������ð1���1 ����1
they
hav
e su
rely
gen
erat
ed g
reat
er e
mp
ath
y.
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���1���1���1���1����1���1���1����£���1��1
Arg
enti
ne
terr
ito
ry,
or
in a
ny
oth
er p
art
of
the
wo
rld
.
��1���1�����1�����1���1�� ð1
����1��
�¢�1�����1�����1
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���1��1��� 1��1���1����������1��1������1�����������ð1
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���1����������1�������ï
In t
his
sen
se,
it i
s n
eces
sary
��1��¢1�4��
����1��1���1����������1��1�1��������1���1
crit
ical
way
th
e co
mp
osi
tio
n o
f th
e ca
pit
alis
t cl
ass
and
no
t to
rep
eat
slo
ga
ns
tha
t a
pp
eal
to t
he
mo
ral
sen
se,
pre
cise
ly J
ud
eao
-Ch
rist
ian
an
d c
ap
ita
list
. If
we
lea
ve
�����1���1��������1��1�¡����������ð1����������ð1���1
do
min
ati
on
we w
ill
no
t u
nd
ers
tan
d w
ha
t k
ind
of
soci
ety
we
liv
e in
. An
d w
e w
ill
end
up
see
ing
th
e ch
eto
on
th
e o
ne
ha
nd
an
d t
he
pa
up
er o
n t
he
oth
er, w
ith
ou
t
an
y k
ind
of
mo
de o
f p
rod
uct
ion
an
d r
ep
rod
uct
ion
.
Th
at’
s w
hy
th
ere
are
th
ose
wh
o t
hin
k o
ur
rule
rs a
re
no
t ch
eto
s, b
ut
that
th
ey a
re w
ith
th
e p
eop
le. T
he
easy
crit
icis
m o
f ch
arac
ters
lik
e M
acri
or
Bu
llri
ch o
f th
e p
ast
go
ver
nm
ent,
or
the
crit
icis
m o
f v
iole
nt
an
d i
rres
po
n-
sib
le c
het
os,
hid
es t
he
nee
d t
o c
riti
ciz
e th
e b
ou
rgeo
is
���1�����������1��1�������1��1�������1���1���1�����ï1�1
pro
gre
ssiv
e cl
assi
sm t
hat
on
ly a
ims
at i
nd
ivid
ual
s an
d
���1������1���������1��1���1���¢1����������ð1���1���¢1
fav
ora
ble
to
th
e d
om
ina
nt
ord
er.
lea
d t
o a
ma
ssa
cre
du
e to
ov
ercr
ow
din
g,
po
or
hea
lth
an
d
san
ita
ry c
on
dit
ion
s.
Su
pp
ort
ers
of
the
go
ver
nm
ent,
an
d n
ot
exac
tly
fro
m t
he
����ð1 ���1��������1 ���1�������1��1���1 ����1��������1����
-
�����ñ1����1����1�������1���1�����������1������
��1����1
as a
n a
bru
pt
rem
ind
er t
hat
Sta
tes
are
ther
e to
pro
tect
th
eir
citi
zen
s. (
…)
tha
t w
ith
ou
t th
e S
tate
“y
ou
wo
uld
be
at
each
�������1��������ï1ûóü1��1����1�����¢1�����
�1���1������1��1���1
����������1����1����������ï1���1����1�������1���1������
��1
ha
s co
me
to r
emin
d u
s th
at
the
gen
era
l in
tere
st c
an
ju
stif
y
���1��
��������1��1������1��1��¢1�����
1�������¢ï�
It s
ho
uld
be
clea
r to
lib
eral
s th
at t
her
e is
no
po
ssib
ilit
y o
f
������1�����1������1��1��1��������¢1�¡����1�������1�1�����1
con
tro
l an
d r
epre
ssio
n.
“U
nd
erst
an
d t
ha
t th
is i
s a
n e
xce
pti
on
al
mo
men
t, w
e d
o
no
t h
av
e to
fa
ll i
nto
th
e fa
lse
dil
emm
a o
f ������1������1��1
���1������¢
, an
eco
no
my
th
at f
alls
alw
ays
rise
s, b
ut
a li
fe
����1����1����1���1����1������ð1����1���1���������1���������ï1
Ob
vio
usl
y, w
ith
a c
alcu
lato
r in
han
d, t
he
bo
urg
eois
ie t
hin
ks
��1��1��4
��1��1����1�1�����1����1��1����������1����
1��1����1��1
face
a p
oss
ible
san
itar
y c
oll
apse
. ��1����1�¡���������1�������1
����1���������1����1���1����1��1��1��1���������ð1 ���1
���������1��1������1���1��1������1����1��¡��1����.��������1
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��1 ���1���¢1����1�������������1����������ï3
In t
his
so
cial
cri
sis,
no
w a
gg
rav
ated
by
th
e p
and
emic
an
d
������������¢1�¢1���1�������1�
�������ð1
�1�
���1����1
agai
nst
th
e in
crea
se i
n r
epre
ssio
n a
nd
th
e co
mp
lici
t si
len
ce
��1���1����£���¢ï1��1����1����1�������1���1������������1��1
��¢1�����ð1��1��1��1���1���
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Y3����1��1���1�����1�������
1�¢1�����1��1����������1���������1
in i
ts a
nn
ual
rep
ort
fo
r 20
19.
“A n
ati
on
’s m
ost
po
wer
ful w
eap
on
: H
ealt
h”
Pu
blic
He
alt
h s
ecr
eta
ry o
f th
e N
ati
on
9
Pu
bli
c h
ea
lth
an
d w
ork
forc
e
Z3
Ex
trac
ted
fro
m t
he
sect
ion
Cie
nci
a y
En
ferm
edad
, in
Cu
ad-
ern
os
de
Neg
ació
n N
o. 8
: Crí
tica
de
la r
azón
cap
ital
ista
.
At
a m
om
ent
wh
en i
t is
po
liti
call
y i
nco
rrec
t to
un
rese
rved
ly
def
end
pro
gre
ss,
the
mo
st d
estr
uct
ive
asp
ects
of
ind
ust
ri-
���������ð1�����������
��1
������ð1���1���������1
���1�����1
or
the
clo
ck i
tsel
f, t
he
exam
ple
of
med
icin
e is
oft
en u
sed
to
������¢1���1�����
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¢1����ð1
����1��1���1��������1��������1�����ð1����1�����
����1����
����ð1
even
if
the
wa
y i
n w
hic
h i
t is
pro
du
ced
ca
use
s m
ore
ill
nes
s,
even
if
bru
tal
exp
erim
ents
are
ca
rrie
d o
ut
on
hu
ma
ns
an
d
oth
er a
nim
als
. ��1�����1��1����1�����1�����1���1���1��1���1
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Th
eref
ore
, th
e
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als
o t
he
imm
edia
te o
nes
.
Fo
r in
stit
uti
on
al
med
icin
e, t
he
sick
per
son
is
a p
ass
ive
elem
ent,
a p
ati
ent
(fro
m t
he
La
tin
pat
risñ1�������ü1 ��1��1
rece
ived
at
the
ho
spit
al l
ike
a b
rok
en m
ach
ine
that
nee
ds
an
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do
cto
r, n
urs
e o
r st
ud
ent
wa
nts
to
do
oth
erw
ise,
th
e co
nd
i-
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fro
m t
he
mo
uld
.4
Just
as
med
icin
e fu
nct
ion
s li
ke
the
bes
t a
lib
i fo
r sc
ien
ce
and
pro
gre
ss, s
o p
ub
lic
hea
lth
do
es i
n d
efen
se o
f th
e S
tate
.
���1���1���1������ð1
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��1������1����1��1��������1�����1��1���1 ����1���1�����1����1
the
exh
aust
ing
sh
ifts
in
th
e fa
ce o
f th
e p
and
emic
, wit
h s
carc
e
reso
urc
es a
nd
min
imal
saf
ety
co
nd
itio
ns.
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����������1�����1����1�������1�������1��1����1��1����1 ����
,
even
if
it w
ants
to
sel
l u
s th
e o
pp
osi
te.
Wh
en w
e ar
e to
ld t
hat
life
is t
he
nu
mb
er o
ne
pri
ori
ty, s
kep
-
tics
wo
nd
er w
hat
life
th
ey a
re t
alk
ing
ab
ou
t. S
pec
iali
sts
oft
en
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exp
ecta
ncy
in
ord
er t
o s
ing
pra
ise
to c
apit
alis
t d
evel
op
men
t.
In t
his
cas
e, o
ver
th
e la
st w
eek
s th
ey h
ave
bee
n h
amm
erin
g
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asp
ect
of
rea
lity
: th
e n
um
ber
of
sick
peo
ple
, th
e n
um
ber
of
dea
d p
eop
le a
nd
of
tho
se w
ho
hav
e re
cov
ered
fro
m t
he
coro
na
vir
us.
Th
ese
nu
mb
ers
say
no
thin
g a
bo
ut
the
liv
ing
con
dit
ion
s o
f th
e p
role
tari
an c
lass
, ho
w w
e w
ere
bef
ore
an
d
ho
w w
e w
ill
be
afte
r th
e p
and
emic
is
ov
er. ��1���1���������1
��1���1�������������1��1���1�����������1��1���1������������ð1
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��1����1���1��1�������1��1������1��1�1������ð1��1��1���1��1
the
fact
th
at,
un
der
th
e re
ign
of
Ca
pit
al,
th
e v
ast
ma
jori
ty
��1�����1������1��4��1���¢1��1�1������1�����ï1�����1
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�¡����������ï O
f co
urs
e w
e ar
e fa
cin
g t
his
rea
lity
an
d i
n f
act
ou
r p
rese
nt
is t
he
pro
du
ct o
f su
cces
siv
e d
efea
ts o
f o
ur
clas
s
agai
nst
th
e o
nsl
aug
hts
of
Cap
ital
. Bu
t as
lo
ng
as
we
hav
e to
sell
ou
rsel
ves
in e
xch
ang
e fo
r a
sala
ry t
o li
ve,
hea
lth
pra
ctic
es
can
no
t es
cap
e fr
om
th
e lo
gic
of
per
form
ance
, ad
dre
ssin
g t
he
sym
pto
m a
nd
no
t th
e ca
use
, se
ekin
g t
o p
rolo
ng
ou
r u
sefu
l
life
, ta
kin
g c
are
of
the
lab
or
forc
e in
th
e sa
me
wa
y a
s a
ny
oth
er p
rod
uct
ion
in
pu
t.
On
ce a
ga
in s
log
an
s a
re h
eard
fro
m t
he
left
su
ch a
s “
ou
r
����1��1 ����1�
���1����1�����1�������ð1 ����1������1��1
pre
cise
ly t
ha
t th
e l
eft
do
es
no
t a
spir
e t
o g
o f
urt
her
tha
n
dis
pu
tin
g t
he
val
ue
of
ou
r la
bo
ur
forc
e, w
hen
th
e re
al i
ssu
e
is t
ha
t n
oth
ing
in
lif
e sh
ou
ld h
av
e a
pri
ce t
ag
! T
he
dis
ma
n-
tlin
g o
f th
e h
ealt
h c
are
sy
stem
du
rin
g t
he
last
dec
ad
es i
s
use
d t
o b
om
bar
d u
s w
ith
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Cri
tici
sms
of
the
hea
lth
sy
stem
s o
f co
un
trie
s su
ch a
s th
e
Un
ited
Sta
tes
or
the
Un
ited
Kin
gd
om
, as
wel
l as
th
eir
lib
eral
rhet
ori
c th
at
is r
epli
cate
d i
n c
ha
ract
ers
such
as
Bo
lso
na
ro,
are
gu
ided
by
a f
erv
en
t st
ati
sm,
wh
ere
th
e c
oro
na
vir
us
������1����1��1��1����1��1�1���������1�����������1 ��1
ov
er h
ow
to
ru
n t
he
Sta
te.
Def
ence
s a
re e
ven
cir
cula
tin
g
���1���1�������1���������
�1���1���1�������¢�1��1�������1���1
dis
ease
, o
n t
he
gro
un
ds
tha
t it
is
“n
ot
yet
fu
lly
ca
pit
ali
st
“.
Th
e co
nst
ruct
ion
of
a g
ian
t h
osp
ita
l in
10
da
ys
spea
ks
of
a c
ou
ntr
y’s
sh
ock
ing
pro
du
ctiv
e ca
pa
city
, n
ot
its
con
cern
for
hea
lth
. In
fa
ct,
the
curr
ent
situ
ati
on
see
ms
to e
nd
up
bei
ng
an
op
po
rtu
nit
y f
or
Ch
ina
to
str
eng
then
its
eco
no
mic
po
siti
on
in
th
e w
orl
d m
ark
et.
Ch
ua
ng
’s a
rtic
le w
arn
s u
s th
at
the
spre
ad
of
the
coro
na-
vir
us
“can
t b
e u
nd
erst
oo
d w
ith
ou
t ta
kin
g i
nto
acc
ou
nt
the
wa
ys
in w
hic
h C
hin
as
last
few
dec
ad
es o
f d
evel
op
men
t in
an
d t
hro
ug
h t
he
glo
ba
l ca
pit
ali
st s
yst
em h
as
mo
lded
th
e
cou
ntr
y’s
hea
lth
car
e sy
stem
an
d t
he
stat
e o
f p
ub
lic
hea
lth
mo
re g
ener
ally
. (…
) th
e co
ron
avir
us
was
ori
gin
ally
ab
le t
o
tak
e h
old
an
d s
pre
ad r
apid
ly b
ecau
se o
f a
gen
eral
deg
rad
a-
tio
n o
f b
asic
hea
lth
care
am
on
g t
he
po
pu
lati
on
at
larg
e. B
ut
pre
cise
ly b
eca
use
th
is d
egra
da
tio
n h
as
tak
en p
lace
in
th
e
mid
st o
f sp
ecta
cula
r ec
on
om
ic g
row
th, i
t h
as b
een
ob
scu
red
������1���1��������1��1���4�����1������1��
�1�
������1���������ï1
Th
e re
alit
y,
ho
wev
er,
is t
hat
ex
pen
dit
ure
s o
n p
ub
lic
go
od
s
lik
e h
ealt
h c
are
an
d e
du
cati
on
in
Ch
ina
rem
ain
ex
trem
ely
low
, w
hil
e m
ost
pu
bli
c sp
end
ing
has
bee
n d
irec
ted
to
war
d