Ÿ‘ April 2020 „ŸłŸ Ÿ‘ Number 69 La Oveja Negra · 2020. 4. 20. · Biblioteca y archivo...

8
Biblioteca y archivo Alberto Ghiraldo Construyendo espacios de n(nz¡M ¡(e(M{p Æ eHÆ Carriego y Marcos Paz. Rosario Atención: Miércoles y viernes de 17 a 20 hs. www.bibliotecaalbertoghiraldo.blogspot.com www.boletinlaovejanegra.blogspot.com [email protected] From a radical point of view, in order to get to the root of 4 ™™ the State and the rest of the bourgeoisie should carry out in ™¢ is necessary, in spite of the State, which is only here to make 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ¢1 1 1 1 - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ¢ at the helm, threw itself into these kinds of measures in this particular case. And of course we have to discuss what to do, how to combat the media idiotization and, above all, how to counteract the increased austerity and control that is coming. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ¢1 1 1 1 1 ¢1 1 1 1 There has been a drastic reduction in the emission of polluting and ¢ ™™ even lowering the number of respiratory diseases for that ¡™ . in comparison to to those of a pandemic. This unexpected feeding the monster of the economy has in relation to the destruction of the habitat where we live, or at least we should ¢ becomes crystal clear. We are not obtuse, we are aware of how limited and exceptional these phenomena are, and that they coincide with monoculture, megamining, logging and so many other nocivities, which have not stopped. We simply see and note how the world can be transformed in such short periods of time. Unfortunately, as it was the State’s decision to paralyze the economy in certain regions, the power to restart it will also lay in the hands of the State, and for this reason, the ¢ 4 ¢ ¡™ us a lesson about the priorities of a system in which the production of value reigns supreme over the health of both people and the earth’s ecosystem itself. And it drives us to ™ ¢ for the survival of the species. ¢ ™ wish to return to normality, but as they cry out from all the regions engaged in a revolt which these measures have momentarily put to a halt: Normality is the problem! Let’s face it, the lifestyle we used to know isn’t coming back. La Oveja Negra Year 9 . Number 69 . April 2020 “Alberto Ghiraldo” Library Bulletin . Rosario . Argentine Region Coronavirus and social issue 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ¡™1 1 1 1 1 1 ¢ State reason knows not of exceptions but of rules. It is not the end of the world. And ¢ ™ force majeure. Capitalism is an everyday catastrophe. However, it only presents as a serious problem that which it seeks to solve immediately. What has already naturalized as being inev- itable becomes part of its normality. Hence, all proposals ™ ¢ catastrophe. Among the accepted facts of this society is the “statis- tic “ that 8,500 children in the world die every day from malnutrition as estimated by UNICEF, the World Bank and £ 4 ¢ digits… but it is an unspeakable horror. Isn’t this enough to fall into desperation? To consider this society dysfunctional? Doesn’t that mean that everything must be changed? Doesn’t ¢ ı perhaps a pandemic must arrive to the cities where those of us who have the voice and the means to act and complain about this live? ¢1 1 ¢1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ¡™ even more abstract because of the distance, geographical and of all other types, that we have with the African continent, the undisputed centre of global hunger. There, capitalism exploits not only through wages, as it usually does here, but particularly through semi–slave labour, while at the same time dispossessing and destroying in a brutal way. important centers of capitalist production: China, Italy, Spain, and the United States, threatening to paralyze the production and circulation of commodities in its global spread, and to cause the collapse of the health system. It is precisely because it has reached such regions, with a productive population that has access to medical and hospital systems, that it became so alarming. However, most of us are outside of that circuit, and barely linked to formal jobs. It is worth remembering that capitalist society is the soci- ety of wage labour and domestic work which is not directly paid, as well as slave labour in the Democratic Republic of Congo or in northern Argentina. There is not a good side and a bad side, they are necessary aspects for the functioning of capitalist normality. On the other hand, we should ask ourselves: how it is possible, with such a stop in productive economic activity, 4 ı vaccine for COVID–19, the United States Federal Reserve, for example, injected billions of dollars to calm markets and prevent the pandemic from threatening growth. The United States has lowered its annual interest rates to 0%. Today capitalism is sustained on the basis of the contin- therefore this dominant widespread fear is nothing more than the fear which the dominant class has. To return to our most tangible and macabre global reality, 4 pandemic that scourges us. One situation does not remove or obscure the other, even worse, they reinforce each other. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 1 1 ¢1 1 ™™1 1 1 ™¢1 1 ¢1 1

Transcript of Ÿ‘ April 2020 „ŸłŸ Ÿ‘ Number 69 La Oveja Negra · 2020. 4. 20. · Biblioteca y archivo...

Page 1: Ÿ‘ April 2020 „ŸłŸ Ÿ‘ Number 69 La Oveja Negra · 2020. 4. 20. · Biblioteca y archivo Alberto Ghiraldo Construyendo espacios de n(nz¡M ý Û ¡(òe(àM{p Æ e¾ˆH ý

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ld a

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ho

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d

pre

ven

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and

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tes

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ts a

nn

ual

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tere

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ates

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Page 2: Ÿ‘ April 2020 „ŸłŸ Ÿ‘ Number 69 La Oveja Negra · 2020. 4. 20. · Biblioteca y archivo Alberto Ghiraldo Construyendo espacios de n(nz¡M ý Û ¡(òe(àM{p Æ e¾ˆH ý

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en

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pp

ose

d t

o b

e g

lob

al.

As

we

wri

te t

hes

e w

ord

s, t

he

pa

nd

emic

is

beg

inn

ing

to

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ce i

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th

e se

con

d m

ost

po

pu

late

d

cou

ntr

y i

n t

he

wo

rld

, an

d b

ecau

se a

cco

rdin

g t

o t

he

Inte

rna-

tio

nal

Lab

ou

r O

rgan

izat

ion

(IL

O)

at l

east

90%

of

the

lab

ou

r

forc

e in

In

dia

wo

rks

in t

he

info

rmal

sec

tor.

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e co

ron

avir

us

pan

dem

ic, t

he

pan

ic t

hat

has

tak

en h

old

of

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exp

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peo

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e C

hu

ang

co

llec

-

tiv

e, i

n t

hei

r ar

ticl

e S

ocia

l co

nta

gion

. Mic

robi

olog

ical

Cla

ss W

ar

in C

hin

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of

its

com

mu

na

l fe

atu

res

bu

t n

on

eth

eles

s ca

pa

ble

of

del

iv-

erin

g a

dee

p s

ho

ck t

o b

oth

psy

che

an

d e

con

om

y.

Th

is f

act

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o t

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nec

essa

ry

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6th

of

Ap

ril,

202

0

Th

e v

iru

s is

ca

pit

ali

sm?

Vir

use

s a

re i

nfe

ctio

us

ag

ents

th

at

can

no

t b

e se

en w

ith

th

e

nak

ed e

ye,

in f

act,

th

ey a

re m

icro

sco

pic

. Sin

ce t

hey

are

ace

llu

-

lar

they

can

on

ly m

ult

iply

wit

hin

th

e ce

lls

of

oth

er o

rgan

ism

s.

Th

ey i

nfe

ct a

nim

als,

fu

ng

i, p

lan

ts,

and

bac

teri

a. B

ecau

se o

f

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ph

ori

call

y l

ink

th

em t

o c

apit

alis

m.

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t ca

pit

alis

m i

s n

ot

an

exte

rnal

ag

ent

that

liv

es t

hro

ug

h u

s, n

ot

even

th

e b

ou

rgeo

is

are

sim

ply

par

asit

es. T

o i

nsi

st o

n t

he

inn

oce

nce

of

the

vic

tim

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mo

re t

han

to

en

gag

e in

use

less

sch

emas

to

un

der

stan

d t

he

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th w

e an

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tish

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wn

can

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om

e il

l. S

om

e fa

mo

us

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vir

us

of

the

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ecau

se t

hey

are

als

o a

nd

ab

ov

e al

l a

hu

man

bo

dy

.

Th

e th

ing

is

that

wit

ho

ut

vir

use

s, t

her

e w

ou

ld b

e n

o l

ife

as w

e k

no

w i

t. A

lth

ou

gh

it

is g

ener

ally

bel

iev

ed t

hat

vir

use

s

an

d b

act

eria

are

ou

r en

emie

s, l

ife

exis

ts t

ha

nk

s to

ba

lan

ce

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nd

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au

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rism

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d a

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liz

ed w

orl

d e

xis

t, b

ut

bec

ause

th

ey a

re i

nh

eren

tly

rel

ated

to

th

e w

ay c

apit

alis

t so

ci-

ety

, wh

ich

is

tota

lita

rian

an

d g

lob

al, p

rod

uce

s an

d t

her

efo

re

dis

trib

ute

s co

mm

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itie

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ecau

se  �1���1�������1�¢1�1������¢1

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, an

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r fo

od

, h

ou

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g c

on

dit

ion

s, r

ela

tio

ns

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d m

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no

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leep

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old

, d

amp

pla

ce, w

ork

ing

wh

ile

sick

, car

ryin

g o

n w

ith

ou

r d

uti

es w

ith

ou

r le

gs

shak

ing

, n

ot

hav

ing

wh

at w

e n

eed

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eat

av

aila

ble

,

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peo

ple

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r im

mu

nit

y i

s d

irec

tly

rel

ated

to

th

e en

vir

on

men

t

and

th

e w

ay w

e li

ve,

bu

t th

is d

oes

no

t m

ean

th

at t

her

e is

a

po

ssib

ilit

y t

hat

we

hu

man

s ca

n b

e fr

ee o

f d

isea

se.

As

Alf

red

o M

. B

on

an

no

po

ints

ou

t in

Ill

nes

s an

d C

apit

al:

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can

no

t sa

y t

ha

t th

ere

wo

uld

no

lo

ng

er b

e su

ch a

th

ing

as

illn

ess

in a

lib

erat

ed s

oci

ety

. N

or

can

we

say

th

at,

if s

uch

a

wo

nd

erfu

l ev

ent

wer

e to

occ

ur,

illn

ess

wo

uld

red

uce

itse

lf t

o a

sim

ple

wea

ken

ing

of

som

e h

yp

oth

etic

al f

orc

e th

at is

sti

ll t

o b

e

dis

cov

ered

. We

thin

k t

hat

illn

ess

is p

art

of

the

nat

ure

of

man

’s

stat

e o

f li

vin

g i

n s

oci

ety

, i.e

., it

co

rres

po

nd

s to

a c

erta

in p

rice

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free

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the

exp

on

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row

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f

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wo

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stri

ctly

ind

isp

ensa

ble

, wo

uld

no

t b

e

com

par

able

to

th

at i

n a

so

ciet

y b

ased

on

ex

plo

itat

ion

, su

ch

as t

he

on

e in

wh

ich

we

are

liv

ing

no

w.

So

ill

nes

s w

ou

ld b

e

an e

xp

ress

ion

of

ou

r h

um

anit

y ju

st a

s it

is

an e

xp

ress

ion

of

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oes

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nsp

irac

y f

or

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iru

s to

ap

pea

r in

a c

ou

n-

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beh

ind

th

e cu

rren

t p

and

emic

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AR

S–C

oV

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we

reco

mm

end

the

pre

vio

usl

y c

ited

art

icle

by

Ch

ua

ng

, g

iven

its

sy

nth

esis

15

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th

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me,

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titl

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he

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its

to G

row

th,

in w

hic

h t

hey

det

aile

d t

he

eco

log

ical

, cli

mat

ic a

nd

so

cial

dis

ast

ers

tha

t ca

pit

ali

st d

evel

op

men

t w

as

bri

ng

ing

. A f

ew d

ay

s a

go

, a

n e

xp

ert

fro

m M

IT p

ub

lish

ed a

n a

rtic

le

enti

tled

Let

’s f

ace

it, t

he

life

styl

e w

e u

sed

to

know

is

nev

er g

oin

g t

o re

turn

, wh

ere

it i

s ex

pla

ined

to

us,

in

a c

lass

ic c

alm

and

neu

tral

to

ne,

ho

w t

his

pan

dem

ic i

s g

oin

g t

o c

han

ge

ou

r li

ves

:

“We

do

n’t

kn

ow

ex

actl

y w

hat

th

is n

ew f

utu

re w

ill

loo

k l

ike,

of

cou

rse.

Bu

t it

is

po

ssib

le t

o i

mag

ine

a w

orl

d i

n

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via

th

e te

lep

ho

ne.

Th

e ai

rlin

e w

ou

ld n

ot

be

able

to

see

wh

ere

they

had

go

ne,

bu

t w

ou

ld b

e al

erte

d i

f an

y p

asse

n-

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nd

bee

n v

acci

nat

ed a

gai

nst

th

e la

test

str

ain

of

the

vir

us.

We

wil

l ad

apt

and

acc

ept

thes

e m

easu

res,

just

as

we

hav

e b

eco

me

accu

sto

med

to

in

crea

sin

gly

str

ing

ent

secu

rity

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bas

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ther

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usu

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ore

ov

er, t

he

real

co

st w

ill

be

bo

rne

by

th

e p

oo

rest

an

d w

eak

est.

Peo

ple

wit

h l

ess

acce

ss t

o h

ealt

hca

re

and

th

ose

liv

ing

in

are

as m

ore

pro

ne

to d

isea

se w

ill

also

be

excl

ud

ed m

ore

oft

en f

rom

pla

ces

and

op

po

rtu

nit

ies

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mo

re p

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mig

ran

ts, r

efu

gee

s, t

he

un

do

cum

ente

d, a

nd

ex

-co

nv

icts

wil

l fa

ce a

no

ther

ob

stac

le t

o g

ain

ing

a fo

oth

old

in

so

ciet

y.

Mo

reo

ver

, un

less

str

ict

rule

s ar

e im

po

sed

on

ho

w t

he

risk

of

con

trac

tin

g a

dis

ease

is c

alcu

late

d f

or

any

ind

ivid

ual

,

go

ver

nm

ents

an

d c

om

pan

ies

cou

ld c

ho

ose

an

y c

rite

ria:

ear

nin

g l

ess

than

30,

000

euro

s a

yea

r co

uld

be

con

sid

ered

a ri

sk f

acto

r, a

s co

uld

hav

ing

a f

amil

y o

f m

ore

th

an s

ix a

nd

liv

ing

in

cer

tain

par

ts o

f a

cou

ntr

y, f

or

exam

ple

. Th

at

op

ens

the

do

or

to a

lgo

rith

mic

bia

s an

d h

idd

en d

iscr

imin

atio

n,

as h

app

ened

las

t y

ear

wit

h a

n a

lgo

rith

m u

sed

by

US

hea

lth

in

sure

rs t

hat

tu

rned

ou

t to

acc

iden

tall

y f

avo

ur

wh

ite

peo

ple

.

Th

e w

orl

d h

as c

han

ged

man

y t

imes

, an

d n

ow

it

is d

oin

g s

o a

gai

n.

We

wil

l al

l h

ave

to a

dap

t to

a n

ew w

ay o

f

liv

ing

, wo

rkin

g a

nd

so

cial

izin

g. B

ut

as w

ith

all

ch

ang

e, t

her

e w

ill

be

som

e w

ho

wil

l lo

se o

ut

mo

re t

han

mo

st.

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tro

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ecau

se e

ith

er

it h

as

do

ne

wh

at

it s

ho

uld

ha

ve

do

ne

or

bec

au

se s

om

eon

e

sho

uld

co

me

alo

ng

wh

o d

oes

.

Un

til n

ow

, th

e m

ain

cit

izen

rea

ctio

n, f

rom

left

to

rig

ht,

has

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les

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nt,

they

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ask

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r d

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ater

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ou

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n o

ther

occ

asi

on

s, t

her

e is

no

stru

gg

le, b

ut

rath

er d

eman

ds

that

str

eng

then

th

e le

git

imac

y

of

the

Sta

te.

Bu

t n

ot

ever

yth

ing

is

pea

ce a

nd

sil

ence

. In

th

is s

itu

atio

n,

stri

kes

in

th

e au

tom

ob

ile

ind

ust

ry i

n S

pai

n,

Ital

y a

nd

Can

a-

da

are

co

mm

enci

ng

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rote

sts

are

bei

ng

ma

de

by

Am

az

on

wo

rker

s in

Fra

nce

, S

pa

in a

nd

th

e U

nit

ed S

tate

s b

eca

use

of

exp

loit

ativ

e co

nd

itio

ns.

Th

ere

are

ren

t an

d o

ccu

pat

ion

str

ikes

in s

om

e ci

ties

in

th

e U

nit

ed S

tate

s.

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on

an

d d

eten

tio

n c

entr

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ots

in I

taly

, Fra

nce

, Sp

ain

, Ger

man

y,

Leb

ano

n, A

rgen

tin

a an

d B

razi

l, a

mo

ng

oth

ers.

An

d t

his

do

esn

’t l

oo

k l

ike

it’s

go

ing

to

go

aw

ay b

ut

rath

er

to i

ncr

ease

. D

esp

ite

fea

r, m

istr

ust

an

d c

on

tro

l, s

oli

da

rity

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on

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hb

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an

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rien

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is h

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we

can

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ven

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ese

stru

gg

les

fro

m b

ein

g s

tran

gle

d

by

th

e d

esp

era

tio

n o

r fr

om

bei

ng

mer

e g

estu

res

lim

ited

in

tim

e an

d s

pac

e.

Page 3: Ÿ‘ April 2020 „ŸłŸ Ÿ‘ Number 69 La Oveja Negra · 2020. 4. 20. · Biblioteca y archivo Alberto Ghiraldo Construyendo espacios de n(nz¡M ý Û ¡(òe(àM{p Æ e¾ˆH ý

14

Wo

rk, w

ork

, wo

rk!

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e cr

isis

is

go

ing

to

mak

e w

ork

ing

co

nd

itio

ns

wo

rse.

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wil

l

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ener

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cco

rdin

g t

o a

n I

LO

asse

ssm

ent,

an

est

imat

ed 5

.3 t

o 2

4.7

mil

lio

n p

eop

le w

ill

lose

thei

r jo

bs,

wh

ile

22 m

illi

on

peo

ple

wer

e m

ade

red

un

dan

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,

com

par

ed t

o t

he

ori

gin

al e

stim

ate

for

2020

wh

ich

pre

dic

ted

a d

ecli

ne

of

14 m

illi

on

glo

bal

ly.

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wil

l tr

ansl

ate

no

t o

nly

in

to r

edu

ctio

ns

in w

ork

ing

ho

urs

an

d

wag

es, b

ut

also

in

to s

hif

ts t

o o

ther

are

as o

f w

ork

.

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rren

tly

, C

ap

ita

l is

res

tru

ctu

rin

g i

tsel

f, s

ub

ject

ing

th

e

pro

leta

ria

n c

lass

un

der

th

e h

um

an

ita

ria

n p

rete

xt,

in

ord

er

to a

dap

t to

th

e n

eed

s o

f ac

cum

ula

tio

n a

nd

rep

rod

uct

ion

.

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pit

ali

st d

estr

uct

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cre

ate

s n

ew p

rod

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s a

nd

ma

rket

op

po

rtu

nit

ies,

su

ch a

s th

e b

iote

chn

olo

gy

se

cto

r, w

hic

h

up

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w i

s e

xtr

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sia

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spe

cia

lly

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sra

el.

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me

del

iver

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erv

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are

ex

pa

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an

d a

lso

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rad

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rew

to

su

ch a

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nt

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ma

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for

exa

mp

le,

to s

tart

lo

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ing

fo

r 1

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,00

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rker

s fo

r

its

wa

reh

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ses

in t

he

Un

ited

Sta

tes

in o

rder

to

mee

t th

e

gro

win

g d

ema

nd

.

Tel

eco

mm

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ks

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wh

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emp

loy

ers

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emat

ical

ly

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rsen

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alc

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ccu

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ead

y b

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ract

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stic

s o

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pit

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w t

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e m

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als

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ncl

ud

e o

ther

s.

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e b

ou

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ack

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m, m

utu

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ust

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l as

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ith

on

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rok

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ht

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on

s

of

peo

ple

co

uld

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t m

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to c

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om

e.

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y o

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s w

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mar

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on

e ap

pli

cati

on

s,

beh

av

iora

l m

on

ito

rin

g,

an

d m

an

da

tory

hea

lth

tes

ts.

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t

surp

risi

ng

ly, C

hin

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de

po

ssib

le b

y t

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om

bin

ati

on

an

d i

nte

gra

tio

n o

f v

ari

ou

s

tech

no

log

ies

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ames

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dis

ease

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th

e

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ma

n p

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lmo

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pro

du

ct o

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man

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ne

spec

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gs

lik

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pro

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all

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oth

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rth

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th

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me

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ut

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l

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any

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t in

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ge

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un

fold

th

eir

exis

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ce. E

ver

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is

focu

sed

on

the

agen

t. T

he

op

erat

ion

era

ses

the

mat

eria

l co

nd

itio

ns

wh

ere

the

acti

on

tak

es p

lace

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talk

ab

ou

t th

e v

iru

s, t

he

illn

ess

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ate

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syst

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ly t

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tact

ic,

the

ho

w t

o o

f th

e w

ha

t to

do

th

at

is i

mp

ose

d b

y t

he

rati

on

al a

rmy

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hu

s ex

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te d

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per

secu

tin

g, l

ock

ing

up

an

d t

ort

uri

ng

th

ose

wh

o d

o n

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ecti

ves

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act

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on

rea

lity

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nee

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e ex

per

t k

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wle

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e th

at

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its

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man

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ticu

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itu

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er.

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ey a

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sily

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a sp

are

par

t

is r

epla

ced

. B

ecau

se t

hey

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par

t o

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e sa

me

thin

g.

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rs

of

this

sy

stem

th

at a

re a

lter

nat

ely

pla

ced

in

co

mm

and

or

at

dis

po

sal.

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nec

essa

ry t

hey

ref

er t

o p

eop

le, t

he

env

iro

nm

ent,

the

pas

t, t

he

futu

re o

r li

fe, b

ut

alw

ays

wit

h t

he

calc

ula

tor

at

han

d.

Th

e S

tate

’s r

ea

cti

on

As

the

An

gry

Wo

rker

s o

f th

e W

orl

d c

oll

ecti

ve

po

ints

ou

t in

thei

r re

cen

t ar

ticl

e D

iscu

ssin

g t

he

CO

VID

–19

reg

ime

fro

m a

rev

olu

tio

nar

y w

ork

ing

cla

ss p

ersp

ecti

ve

in s

even

ste

ps,

th

e

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1��������1��1���1�������1

mo

tiv

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(“

the

sta

te u

ses

the

cris

is t

o e

xp

erim

ent

wit

h

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1

of

the

stat

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ilit

y t

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o w

hat

it

sho

uld

(“a

ust

erit

y

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“W

e c

an

ass

um

e t

ha

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e r

ep

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ive m

ea

sure

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nd

th

e

lock

do

wn

s ar

e al

so i

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test

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ned

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e

mil

itar

y i

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n t

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stre

ets

in F

ran

ce;

a th

ree

mo

nth

s st

ate

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gen

cy h

as b

een

dec

lare

d i

n C

hil

e, b

efo

re a

ny

fat

alit

ies

occ

urr

ed a

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bef

ore

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ical

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sure

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ave

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4

(cu

rfew

s, b

ord

er c

losu

res)

in

ord

er t

o a

vo

id t

he

coll

apse

of

the

hea

lth

sy

stem

; an

d, o

n t

he

oth

er h

and

, to

kee

p p

rod

uct

ion

go

ing

(fo

rcin

g p

eop

le t

o g

o t

o w

ork

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scu

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mp

an

ies)

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enta

rily

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ak t

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man

dat

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go

in

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sup

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ne

by

th

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rces

of

law

an

d o

rder

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efen

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ate

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per

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wh

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ov

ern

men

t h

as t

hre

aten

ed

us

wit

h a

sta

te o

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an

d a

lth

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gh

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me

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,

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loss

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gu

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the

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lice

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mil

itar

y a

pp

arat

us

tak

e o

ver

th

e st

reet

s an

d a

re e

mb

old

ened

W3

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terr

or a

lo

invis

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san

na

Min

gu

ell.

to d

o a

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ey li

ke.

Go

ver

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ents

tel

l th

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citi

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s h

ow

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nat

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th

e n

eig

hb

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oo

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ub

lic.

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ind

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gre

ssiv

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s a

t a

glo

bal

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uan

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y c

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ly, a

sim

ula

tio

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n i

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na

l le

vel

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ctio

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coo

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ate

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wee

n S

tate

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un

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ora

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n h

av

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eco

me

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lt o

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pre

ssio

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s al

mo

st a

lway

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seco

nd

in

surg

en-

13

Co

ron

av

iru

s d

id n

ot

ca

use

the

eco

no

mic

cri

sis

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ther

, it

da

rken

s th

e h

ori

zo

n o

f fo

reca

sts

tha

t b

ou

rgeo

is

eco

no

mis

ts h

ad a

lrea

dy

mad

e, i

nso

far

as t

he

pla

n t

o c

on

tain

the

vir

us

wo

rld

wid

e is

pro

du

ced

at

the

cost

of

furt

her

dee

pe-

nin

g t

he

slo

wd

ow

n i

n e

con

om

ic a

ctiv

ity

.

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ul

Zib

ech

i re

cen

tly

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inte

d o

ut

in h

is a

rtic

le T

he

coro

nav

iru

s as

a c

over

–up

for

the

syst

emic

cri

sis:

“th

e co

nju

nct

ion

of

tra

de

wa

r, B

rex

it,

pu

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c a

nd

pri

va

te d

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row

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wo

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lly

th

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of

the

eco

no

mic

ally

em

er-

gin

g c

ou

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can

use

th

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and

emic

as

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xp

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atio

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or

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nu

ary

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yea

r, t

he

Inte

rnat

ion

al M

on

etar

y F

un

d p

ub

lish

ed i

ts f

ore

cast

s at

th

e

50

th a

nn

ua

l m

eeti

ng

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the

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vo

s E

con

om

ic F

oru

m,

chec

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kin

g a

nd

co

rrec

tin

g w

ith

lo

wer

val

ues

th

an e

xp

ecte

d i

n i

ts

pre

vio

us

gro

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st f

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ma

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.8 T

he

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th

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s b

ein

g

exp

erie

nce

d i

n s

om

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0 c

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ha

ve

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oci

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at w

e ar

e

end

uri

ng

.

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iou

s ec

on

om

ists

ag

ree

that

sin

ce t

he

end

of

the

cris

is

of

20

08

–0

9 a

nd

un

til

last

yea

r, t

he

situ

ati

on

of

the

wo

rld

eco

no

my

ha

s n

ot

bee

n o

ne

of

dep

ress

ion

or

rece

ssio

n,

bu

t

nei

ther

has

it

bee

n o

ne

of

stro

ng

gro

wth

. T

he

eco

no

mie

s o

f

the

euro

zo

ne

an

d J

ap

an

rem

ain

ed s

tag

na

nt;

gro

wth

wa

s

wea

k i

n t

he

Un

ited

Sta

tes

and

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ada;

an

d r

elat

ivel

y s

tro

ng

in t

he

dev

elo

pin

g c

ou

ntr

ies.

Sin

ce 2

00

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ther

e h

as

bee

n a

pro

lon

ged

per

iod

of

wea

k o

r se

mi–

stag

nan

t g

lob

al g

row

th,

and

of

low

in

ves

tmen

t.

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e o

utb

reak

of

the

coro

nav

iru

s is

in

sert

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arti

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uel

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19),

pu

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e L

a C

ald

era

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rary

in

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eno

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ires

.

Page 5: Ÿ‘ April 2020 „ŸłŸ Ÿ‘ Number 69 La Oveja Negra · 2020. 4. 20. · Biblioteca y archivo Alberto Ghiraldo Construyendo espacios de n(nz¡M ý Û ¡(òe(àM{p Æ e¾ˆH ý

12

Soc

ial

con

tag

ion

. M

icro

biol

ogic

al C

lass

War

in

Ch

ina

pre

sen

ts a

co

mp

re-

hen

siv

e, f

orc

efu

l an

d i

nd

isp

ensa

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an

aly

sis

of

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cau

ses

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ent

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azo

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the

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alid

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d h

as t

he

nec

essa

ry c

lari

ty t

o a

dd

ress

th

e

issu

e in

its

co

mp

lex

ity

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e te

xt

sho

ws

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soci

al r

eali

ty a

nd

th

e tr

ansf

orm

atio

ns

der

ived

fro

m t

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eco

no

mic

dev

elo

pm

ent

of

the

last

dec

ad

es t

hro

ug

h w

hic

h C

hin

a w

ent

fro

m b

ein

g “

an

iso

late

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lan

ned

sta

te e

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om

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du

stri

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it

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ws

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roli

fera

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f n

ew v

iru

ses

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nti

mat

ely

lin

ked

to

th

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rofo

un

d d

eter

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lici

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ism

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r li

nk

as

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atu

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iro

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th

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the

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the

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ines

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th

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ten

ce o

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spre

ad o

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rld

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y t

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fact

th

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res

less

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ctiv

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th

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s th

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siv

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bsi

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r

info

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d o

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hea

lth

im

ple

men

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ese

nee

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wh

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k t

o b

e re

du

ced

to

rig

hts

by

th

e

Sta

te:

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rig

ht

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eet,

to

cir

cula

te,

to d

emo

nst

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s

lon

g a

s th

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tate

co

nsi

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s it

ap

pro

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ith

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r n

eed

s

trad

ed f

or

rig

hts

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e st

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gle

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the

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r a

con

spir

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alg

o m

ás a

llá

de

nu

estr

as n

aric

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raci

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reju

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up

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form

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o n

ot

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der

sta

nd

sta

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as

gu

ara

nto

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f

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orl

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th

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kil

ls,

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s a

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ken

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risi

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ou

t th

e n

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fo

r a

ny

on

e fr

om

th

e

sha

do

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m h

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tize

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ears

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exte

rnal

to

th

e in

div

idu

al a

nd

of

wh

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on

e li

ves

in

fear

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us,

rel

atio

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ips

are

lab

eled

as

toxi

c, p

eop

le

wh

o d

on

’t l

ike

him

are

to

xic

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d t

ho

se o

f u

s w

ho

pro

test

are

to

xic.

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o t

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ind

ivid

ual

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e o

f g

uil

t

and

ch

arg

e, t

akes

no

res

po

nsi

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ity

fo

r th

e w

orl

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n

wh

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he

liv

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nd

av

oid

s m

ixin

g w

ith

th

e re

st s

o

as n

ot

to b

e in

tox

icat

ed.

Page 6: Ÿ‘ April 2020 „ŸłŸ Ÿ‘ Number 69 La Oveja Negra · 2020. 4. 20. · Biblioteca y archivo Alberto Ghiraldo Construyendo espacios de n(nz¡M ý Û ¡(òe(àM{p Æ e¾ˆH ý

6

Sta

te o

f is

ola

tio

n

X3

As

men

tio

ned

, th

is c

an b

e re

ad in

th

eir

pu

bli

c d

ocu

men

ts.

See

th

e b

oo

k A

rmy

on

th

e S

tree

ts b

y I

tali

an

co

llec

tiv

e R

om

-p

ere

le R

igh

e, o

rig

ina

lly

pu

bli

shed

in

20

10

an

d s

ub

titl

ed

pre

cise

ly:

Som

e as

pec

ts o

f N

AT

O’s

“U

rban

Op

erat

ion

s in

th

e ye

ar 2

02

0”

rep

ort.

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ot

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st

mo

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s o

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acri

’s g

ov

ern

men

t b

ecau

se t

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solu

tio

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as in

th

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bal

lot

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x a

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t in

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reet

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ind

ivid

ual

ized

citi

zen

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ne

per

son

/on

e v

ote

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ot

in t

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ecti

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yo

ne

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et in

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it o

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rote

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ecau

se

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enti

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ld c

on

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ue

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evalu

e ag

ain

st t

he

do

llar

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nem

plo

ym

ent

wo

uld

in

crea

se,

and

ou

r li

ves

wo

uld

get

wo

rse.

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h o

r w

ith

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t a

pan

dem

ic, a

s G

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aid

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se w

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are

infe

cted

as

tho

se w

ho

are

no

t. T

he

usu

al

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It i

s re

ma

rka

ble

ho

w i

mp

oss

ible

it

is t

od

ay

to

refe

r to

 ���1��1����������¢1��������ï1�

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Th

is i

s an

un

pre

ced

ente

d s

itu

atio

n, i

n w

hic

h p

role

tari

ans

in

so m

any

co

un

trie

s ar

e li

vin

g a

sim

ilar

rea

lity

.

Th

e C

OV

ID–1

9 p

and

emic

is

bei

ng

use

d a

s a

glo

bal

so

cial

con

tro

l lab

ora

tory

. Th

is p

oss

ibil

ity

has

bee

n p

ub

licl

y p

lan

ned

by

NA

TO

an

d t

he

Eu

rop

ean

Un

ion

sin

ce a

t le

ast

2010

. Th

ere

is n

o n

eed

to

co

nsp

irat

ori

ally

cre

ate

a la

bo

rato

ry v

iru

s. F

or

dec

ad

es,

sta

tes

ha

ve

wid

ened

th

e m

oti

ves

fo

r w

hic

h t

hey

can

mil

ita

rily

in

terv

ene

in a

ter

rito

ry.

To

th

e si

tua

tio

ns

of

insu

rrect

ion

, re

vo

lt o

r ev

en

terr

ori

sm,

they

ha

ve a

dd

ed

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all

of

them

on

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e sa

me

lev

el b

ecau

se f

or

them

it

is s

imp

ly

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e

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ï

Th

is i

s th

e so

cial

pre

ven

tio

n t

hat

th

e b

ou

rgeo

isie

all

ov

er

���1 ����1���������1��1���1�������1��1�����1������ï1��1������¢1

do

es n

ot

ha

ve

the

cap

aci

ty t

o p

rev

ent

ph

eno

men

a s

uch

as

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-

ic a

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sto

p a

dis

ease

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m s

pre

adin

g r

apid

ly a

cro

ss t

he

pla

net

.

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As

Ma

rx p

oin

ted

ou

t: “�������1�����1��1�������1��1���1

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. To

th

e cl

aim

ag

ain

st

ph

ysi

cal

and

sp

irit

ual

atr

op

hy

, ag

ain

st p

rem

atu

re d

eath

an

d

the

torm

ent

of

exce

ssiv

e la

bo

r, c

apit

al a

nsw

ers:

Sh

ou

ld w

e

be

torm

ente

d b

y t

his

to

rmen

t, w

hen

it

incr

ease

s o

ur

ple

a-

����1û�����üõ1���1��1�������1�����1����1����1���1���

���1��1

the

go

od

or

bad

wil

l o

f th

e in

div

idu

al c

apit

alis

t ei

ther

. Fre

e

com

pet

itio

n im

po

ses

the

imm

anen

t la

ws

of

cap

ital

ist

pro

du

c-

����1��1���1����������1���

�������1��1�1��������1�¡������1�� 

ï�

Th

ose

wh

o m

ake

up

th

e ex

plo

ited

an

d o

pp

ress

ed c

lass

, th

e

pro

leta

riat

, n

eed

to

, an

d o

ften

do

, re

aso

n l

ike

thei

r m

aste

rs.

An

d t

hey

wil

l sta

rt t

o c

are

abo

ut

this

or

that

dis

ease

wh

en t

he

stat

e an

d t

he

Cap

ital

po

int

it o

ut

as a

nat

ion

al h

ealt

h p

rob

lem

.

No

t th

at t

he

coro

nav

iru

s p

and

emic

is

no

t a

big

pro

ble

m, b

ut

as i

t h

app

ens

it’s

no

t th

e o

nly

on

e.

Pa

nic

an

d c

lich

és s

pre

ad

fa

ster

th

an

th

e v

iru

s. C

on

tra

ry

to w

hat

we

are

led

to

bel

iev

e, t

he

coro

nav

iru

s ca

nn

ot

be

the

����1�������1��1���1������1 ���ð1���������1��1������1������ð1

ther

e ar

e 92

5 m

illi

on

mal

no

uri

shed

peo

ple

.

Wit

ho

ut

go

ing

ver

y f

ar, A

rgen

tin

a is

sta

rvin

g a

nd

mil

lio

ns

hav

e n

ot

die

d b

ut

are

mal

no

uri

shed

. Acc

ord

ing

to

dat

a fr

om

the

IND

EC

(A

rgen

tin

e N

ati

on

al

Inst

itu

te o

f C

ensu

s a

nd

Sta

tist

ics)

its

elf,

on

e o

ut

of

ever

y t

hre

e A

rgen

tin

es i

s p

oo

r,

that

’s t

o s

ay, m

ore

th

an 1

4 m

illi

on

peo

ple

. Ev

en s

o, t

he

Sta

te

and

its

hu

man

ex

ten

sio

ns

ord

er t

ho

usa

nd

s o

f p

eop

le i

n t

his

cou

ntr

y w

ho

do

no

t h

ave

dri

nk

ing

wat

er t

o w

ash

th

emse

lves

wit

h w

ater

an

d s

oap

, or,

wit

ho

ut

go

ing

an

y f

urt

her

, tel

l th

em

to g

o a

nd

fet

ch d

rin

kin

g w

ater

ou

tsid

e th

eir

ho

mes

, wh

ile

at

the

sam

e ti

me

ord

erin

g h

om

eles

s p

eop

le t

o s

tay

at

ho

me,

or

to a

pp

ly f

or

mis

erab

le s

ub

sid

ies

ov

er t

he

Inte

rnet

.

So

it’

s n

ot

Arg

enti

na’

s m

ain

pro

ble

m e

ith

er.

Just

in

ref

er-

ence

to

hea

lth

, let

’s r

emem

ber

th

at n

ot

even

th

e ca

nce

r d

eath

s

lin

ked

to

th

e u

se o

f ag

ro–i

nd

ust

rial

was

te o

n t

he

Arg

enti

ne

coa

st m

an

ag

ed

to

un

ite s

o m

an

y p

eo

ple

or

trig

ger

such

�4������1��1�����1���1���������1��1�����1��������

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curr

ent

situ

atio

n.

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no

t st

op

th

e to

xic

ag

ro–c

hem

ical

sp

ray

ing

, bu

t th

is s

eem

s to

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and

we

beg

in t

o w

on

der

wh

y s

o m

uch

em

ph

asis

is

pla

ced

on

war

rh

eto

ric.

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cap

ita

l, p

rod

uct

ive

rest

ruct

uri

ng

an

d s

ucc

essi

ve

eco

no

mic

������1��1���1������1�1��������1������������ð1��1��1 ��1����1

op

ens

the

wa

y f

or

a n

ew a

nd

mo

re l

ast

ing

sta

ge

of

va

lori

-

za

tio

n.

Ca

pit

al

rea

ches

th

e p

ara

do

xic

al

po

int

of

nee

din

g a

bru

tal

de–

val

ori

zati

on

to

giv

e a

new

im

pu

lse

to v

alo

riza

tio

n.

We

bri

ng

th

is u

p b

ecau

se m

any

are

su

rpri

sed

th

at i

n t

his

con

tex

t o

f p

and

emic

so

man

y c

om

pan

ies

hav

e fo

lded

wit

h-

ou

t m

uch

co

mp

lain

t to

th

e p

rod

uct

ion

sto

pp

ag

e, w

ith

th

e

eco

no

mic

lo

sses

th

at t

his

im

pli

es.

Th

at f

act

seem

s to

be

the

bes

t ar

gu

men

t to

mak

e u

s b

elie

ve

that

“w

e ar

e al

l in

th

e sa

me

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of

tran

sfo

rmat

ion

an

d p

aup

eriz

atio

n o

f fo

rms

of

wo

rk a

nd

emp

loy

men

t, r

esp

on

ds

bu

t o

nly

to

a n

eed

in

her

ent

to t

he

eco

no

my

in

cri

sis,

wh

ich

has

fo

un

d i

n t

he

coro

nav

iru

s th

e

idea

l en

emy

to

ju

stif

y a

ser

ies

of

mea

sure

s u

po

n w

hic

h t

o

bas

e th

e m

uch

des

ired

rea

ctiv

atio

n.7

As

we

said

bef

ore

ab

ou

t co

un

ter–

insu

rgen

cy,

bo

th t

he

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or

imp

rov

ed s

yst

ems

of

con

tro

l an

d r

epre

ssio

n. ��1 ��1��1���1

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An

d t

he

inv

aded

,

dis

cip

lin

ed,

rep

ress

ed a

nd

mas

sacr

ed a

re a

lway

s su

pp

lied

fro

m t

he

ran

ks

of

the

exp

loit

ed a

nd

op

pre

ssed

.

We

can

see

th

e ex

ten

t to

wh

ich

th

is s

oci

ety

of

com

pet

itio

n

and

vio

len

ce f

aces

an

y e

ven

t as

if

it w

ere

a w

ar. E

ven

in

th

e

����1��1�1�����ð1��1����1���������¢1��

1�����1��1�������ð1�4���1���1

do

min

atio

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nd

it

is n

ot

fou

gh

t

wit

h g

un

s, t

ank

s an

d p

atro

l car

s as

th

e st

ates

of

the

wo

rld

are

do

ing

. W

e m

ust

tak

e it

on

wh

ole

, to

get

her

an

d s

tro

ng

, an

d

����1��1���

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wh

ich

we

are

bei

ng

su

bje

cted

.

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1 ��1��1��1�����ï1

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men

t, t

he

nu

mb

er o

f w

om

en m

urd

ered

in

th

eir

ho

mes

by

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1

Inte

rnat

ion

alis

ts: A

gai

nst

the

Pan

dem

ic o

f C

apit

al: S

oci

al R

evo

luti

on

!

thei

r h

usb

and

s o

r co

mp

anio

ns

beg

an t

o s

um

up

. B

ut

ther

e

���1���

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case

s o

f d

epre

ssio

n a

nd

wo

rsen

ing

of

men

tal h

ealt

h, i

mp

ose

d

��������ð1������� ����ð1���1��������1����1�������

���1������1

on

ch

ild

ren

.

So

, w

ha

t fu

rth

er

wo

rsen

s th

e l

ivin

g c

on

dit

ion

s o

f th

e

pro

leta

ria

ns

all

ov

er t

he

wo

rld

is

no

t ju

st a

vir

us,

bu

t th

e

�����1�������1�¢1�����1������ð1�������

���ð1���������ð1���1

crim

inal

izat

ion

of

dir

ect

hu

man

rel

atio

nsh

ips

and

th

eref

ore

nec

essa

rily

bo

dil

y r

elat

ion

s, o

pen

rep

ress

ion

an

d m

ilit

ariz

a-

tio

n. B

ruta

l co

nd

itio

ns

that

, “in

th

e fa

ce o

f th

e h

orr

or

of

the

������ð1�������1��

�����1��1���1������ð1��1���1������¢����ð1��1

pro

leta

rian

nei

gh

bo

rho

od

s, i

n h

osp

ital

s, p

riso

ns,

psy

chia

tric

ho

spit

als

and

ref

ug

ee c

amp

s. A

ll t

his

is

add

ed t

o t

he

un

em-

plo

ym

ent,

th

e d

ebts

an

d t

he

mis

ery

th

at

in t

he

sho

rt t

erm

beg

ins

to e

xp

lod

e, s

ho

win

g t

hat

th

e re

med

y a

gg

rav

ates

th

e

dis

ease

.

���1�����1��1�������1���������1��1���1�����1����1�������1

���1����������1��1���1���������1����1����1����1��1���1�����ï1

Th

is n

ot

on

ly w

eak

ens

us

emo

tio

nal

ly, b

ut

also

lea

ves

us

at

the

mer

cy o

f th

e st

ran

ge

com

pan

y o

f v

ario

us

tech

no

log

ical

dev

ices

. S

cree

ns,

tac

tile

or

no

t, t

hat

bo

mb

ard

us

wit

h t

hei

r

info

rmat

ion

ov

erlo

ad a

nd

th

at a

ct a

s m

edia

tors

bet

wee

n u

s

and

th

e w

orl

d, k

eep

ing

us

in t

ou

ch o

nly

th

rou

gh

vir

tual

ity

.

���1���������¢1��1�������

���1�����1��1��1��¢�����1�¡����-

tio

n a

nd

th

eref

ore

als

o t

o g

rad

ual

psy

cho

log

ical

ex

hau

stio

n.

Lik

ewis

e, t

he

un

cert

ain

ty a

bo

ut

the

futu

re a

nd

th

e d

om

inan

t

pan

ic e

xh

aust

us

emo

tio

nal

ly, w

hic

h a

lso

pro

du

ces

ph

ysi

cal

exh

au

stio

n.

It s

ho

uld

be

rem

emb

ered

th

at

in t

he

wa

rs o

f

rece

nt

dec

ades

th

e p

ost

–war

dea

d, t

he

sick

an

d t

he

suic

idal

,

do

ub

le t

he

nu

mb

er o

f th

ose

fal

len

in

co

nfr

on

tati

on

.

Page 7: Ÿ‘ April 2020 „ŸłŸ Ÿ‘ Number 69 La Oveja Negra · 2020. 4. 20. · Biblioteca y archivo Alberto Ghiraldo Construyendo espacios de n(nz¡M ý Û ¡(òe(àM{p Æ e¾ˆH ý

bri

ck a

nd

mo

rtar

in

fras

tru

ctu

re —

bri

dg

es, r

oad

s, a

nd

ch

eap

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Fa

ced

wit

h s

uch

a l

evel

of

imp

ov

eris

hm

ent

of

the

min

i-

mu

m c

on

dit

ion

s o

f su

rviv

al a

rou

nd

th

e w

orl

d, a

dd

ed t

o t

he

wo

rsen

ing

cu

rren

t si

tuat

ion

, th

e p

rop

osa

l to

ref

orm

th

e S

tate

,

its

inst

itu

tio

ns,

its

po

lici

es, w

ith

th

e b

ann

er o

f p

ub

lic

hea

lth

at t

he

hea

d,

is r

ein

forc

ed.

We

mu

st r

emem

ber

th

at i

t is

th

e

Sta

te t

ha

t is

su

bje

ct t

o e

con

om

ic d

evel

op

men

t a

nd

no

t th

e

oth

er w

ay

aro

un

d. ���1����1������1���1����1 ���1���¢1��1

�����1�����1 ���1��1��1� ���1� �¢1����1����1 ����ï

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are

at

wa

r”

[3

See

La

Ov

eja

Neg

ra N

o. 6

8: H

erid

as i

nte

rnac

ion

ales

\3

See

La

Ov

eja

Neg

ra N

o.

66:

En

tie

mp

o d

e re

vu

elta

s: C

hil

e y

Ecu

ador

“Th

e C

OV

ID–1

9 p

and

emic

is

a cr

isis

un

lik

e an

y o

ther

.

It l

oo

ks

lik

e a

wa

r, a

nd

in

ma

ny

wa

ys

it i

s. P

eop

le

are

dy

ing

. Hea

lth

pro

fess

ion

als

are

on

th

e fr

on

t li

nes

.

Th

ose

wo

rkin

g i

n e

ssen

tial

ser

vic

es, f

oo

d d

istr

ibu

tio

n,

del

iver

y s

erv

ices

an

d p

ub

lic

sup

pli

es a

re w

ork

ing

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to p

rod

uct

ion

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a w

ar,

ma

ssiv

e sp

end

ing

on

arm

s st

imu

late

s

eco

no

mic

act

ivit

y a

nd

ess

enti

al

serv

ices

are

gu

ara

n-

teed

by

sp

ecia

l p

rov

isio

ns.

In

th

is c

risi

s, t

hin

gs

are

mo

re c

om

pli

cate

d, a

lth

ou

gh

a c

om

mo

n f

eatu

re i

s th

e

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con

omic

pol

icie

s

for

the

war

ag

ain

st C

OV

ID–

19,

fro

m t

he

IMF

blo

g o

n

Lat

in A

mer

ican

eco

no

mic

iss

ues

)

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Em

man

uel

Mac

ron

in a

sp

eech

to

th

e F

ren

ch p

eop

le in

wh

ich

he

def

end

ed n

ati

on

al

un

ity

. T

he

sam

e p

resi

den

t w

ho

ha

s

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peo

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uti

late

d i

n t

he

wak

e o

f h

is n

on

–let

hal

rep

ress

ion

.5 P

edro

San

chez

, th

e S

pan

ish

so

cial

ist

pre

sid

ent,

soli

cite

d a

his

tori

c m

ob

iliz

atio

n o

f re

sou

rces

fro

m t

he

Eu

ro-

pea

n U

nio

n i

n o

rder

to

co

nfr

on

t th

e co

ron

av

iru

s w

ith

th

e

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1

than

op

enly

dec

lari

ng

war

on

th

e p

op

ula

tio

n,

as S

ebas

tian

Piñ

era

did

las

t y

ear

in C

hil

e.6

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wh

o c

ho

se n

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ran

t p

aid

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ild

care

lea

ve

to e

mp

loy

ees

of

Sw

iss

Med

ical

, o

ne

of

his

co

mp

anie

s, s

aid

: “W

e ar

e le

ad-

ing

act

ors

bu

t w

e a

re n

ot

dir

ecto

rs o

f th

e th

eatr

e. T

his

is

a

 ��ï�1���1��1�����

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that

we’

re g

oin

g t

o g

ive

him

ev

ery

thin

g.

Ev

ery

thin

g t

hat

is

nee

ded

. Bu

t w

e h

ave

to w

ork

to

get

her

, th

is i

s a

war

, we

hav

e

��1 

���1��������ï�

So

me

bo

urg

eois

ref

er t

o a

nd

mak

e u

se o

f th

e ex

cep

tio

nal

���������1��1���1�����¢���ð1�����1��¢���1��¢�1��

�1���

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wag

es,

oth

ers

pre

fer

to o

pen

ly r

eco

gn

ize

the

clas

s w

ar a

nd

po

int

ou

t th

eir

alli

es.

UN

Sec

reta

ry G

ener

al A

nto

nio

Gu

terr

es s

aid

th

e co

ron

avi-

rus

pan

dem

ic “

is t

he

mo

st c

om

pli

cate

d c

risi

s th

e w

orl

d h

as

7

of

susp

end

ed r

easo

n a

nd

no

w h

as

on

ly o

ne

issu

e to

bu

sy

them

self

wit

h,

to p

anic

an

d t

o w

ait

for

the

Sta

te’s

so

luti

on

.

“Th

is h

as b

een

go

ing

on

fo

r a

few

day

s n

ow

, it

wo

uld

see

m

tha

t th

ey a

re t

ak

ing

ad

va

nta

ge

of

the

pre

sid

enti

al

dec

ree

����1������1������1���������1��1�����1��1��������1������

��¢�ð1

said

a l

oca

l re

sid

ent

of

Ram

ayn

(S

anta

Fe)

wh

o p

refe

rred

to

pro

tect

his

id

enti

ty.

������

����

1��1�����1�����ð1���1���1�������1��� �����ð1

mil

lio

ns

of

citi

zen

s ra

ise

the

call

to

sta

y a

t h

om

e, w

ith

in

sult

s

if n

eed

ed, s

nit

chin

g a

nd

en

do

rsin

g t

he

acti

on

s o

f S

tate

sec

u-

rity

fo

rces

, w

ho

hav

e b

een

see

n t

o b

e em

bo

lden

ed t

o a

bu

se,

bu

lly

an

d r

epre

ss n

eig

hb

ors

in

th

e st

reet

s. T

hey

are

afr

aid

to c

om

e in

to c

on

tact

, to

in

fect

eac

h o

ther

.

Th

e c

om

me

mo

rati

on

of

the

19

76

co

up

d’é

tat

inv

olv

ed

thre

ats

of

a s

tate

of

sieg

e b

y C

apta

in B

eto.

On

24

Ma

rch

,

the

Arg

en

tin

e S

tate

ce

leb

rate

d w

ith

mo

re t

ha

n 1

6,0

00

pe

op

le h

eld

in

de

ten

tio

n i

n j

ust

th

e f

irst

th

ree

da

ys

of

the

emer

gen

cy m

easu

res

pu

t in

to e

ffec

t b

y t

he

Nee

d a

nd

Urg

ency

Dec

ree

29

7/2

02

0,

an

d w

ith

dea

ths

tha

t en

sued

in

the

rio

ts a

t th

e p

riso

ns

of

Co

ron

da

an

d L

as

Flo

res

(Sa

nta

Fe

), w

hic

h f

oll

ow

ed

in

th

e w

ak

e o

f th

e p

riso

ne

rs’

fea

rs

of

catc

hin

g t

he

vir

us

fro

m p

riso

n g

ua

rds,

wh

ich

co

uld

Th

ere

are

no

“p

osh

pe

op

le”,

th

ere

are

so

cia

l cla

sse

s

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at

the

sam

e ti

me

a t

ira

de,

arr

ives

to

tel

l u

s th

at

it i

s a

dis

ease

of

chet

os

(or

cuic

os,

pit

uco

s, o

r p

ijo

s d

epen

din

g

on

th

e co

un

try

) th

at i

s sp

read

by

tra

vel

lin

g a

rou

nd

th

e

wo

rld

on

ho

lid

ay. �����1��1����1���1����1����1��1�����ð1

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cial

cla

ss is

th

us

red

uce

d t

o t

he

per

son

al t

aste

s o

f a

sect

or

of

soci

ety

an

d a

lrea

dy

see

ms

to b

e a

sta

te o

f m

ind

ra

ther

th

an

a m

ate

ria

l co

nd

itio

n

of

ex

iste

nce

. A

lth

ou

gh

to

da

y i

t se

em

s to

be f

rom

a

ver

y d

ista

nt

pas

t, u

nti

l a

mo

nth

ag

o t

he

gan

g o

f ru

gb

y

pla

yer

s th

at h

ad b

eate

n F

ern

and

o B

áez

So

sa t

o d

eath

in

a n

igh

tclu

b i

n B

uen

os

Air

es w

as a

lmo

st t

he

on

ly n

ews

circ

ula

tin

g i

n t

he

med

ia. T

her

e ar

e te

n p

eop

le c

har

ged

wit

h t

he

kil

lin

g I

t is

a s

tory

wh

ere

the

go

od

gu

ys

are

go

od

an

d t

he

bad

gu

ys

are

bad

. Fer

nan

do

was

an

arg

en-

tin

ian

-bo

rn c

hil

d o

f im

mig

ran

ts,

fro

m a

wo

rkin

g c

lass

fam

ily

. An

d t

he

rug

by

pla

yer

s w

ere

un

ple

asan

t, r

acis

t

an

d f

rom

wh

at

is c

on

sid

ered

th

e u

pp

er m

idd

le c

lass

.

Th

ere

are

tho

se w

ho

hav

e w

ante

d t

o s

ee s

om

e fo

rm o

f

cla

ssis

m i

n t

his

. An

d t

her

e m

ay

be

som

eth

ing

, b

ut

as

wit

h t

ho

se w

ho

co

me

fro

m o

uts

ide

the

cou

ntr

y,

it i

s a

soci

olo

gic

al c

lass

ism

.

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th

e o

ther

han

d,

it i

s a

clas

sism

th

at o

rbit

s

aro

un

d w

ha

t in

Arg

enti

na

is

con

sid

ered

th

e m

idd

le

cla

ss.

Wh

en t

he

raci

sm o

f th

e ru

gb

iers

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po

inte

d o

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is i

mm

edia

tely

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ut,

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t it

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the

cla

ssis

m o

f

yo

un

g p

eop

le w

ho

do

no

t co

me

fro

m t

he

hig

hes

t b

ou

r-

geo

isie

an

d w

e d

o n

ot

even

kn

ow

if

they

co

me

fro

m t

he

bo

urg

eois

ie, i

t is

th

e cl

assi

sm o

f so

me

chet

os.

Fo

r th

eir

par

t, F

ern

and

o’s

fam

ily

is

no

t p

oo

r o

r m

arg

inal

eit

her

,

lik

e th

e m

ajo

rity

of

yo

un

g p

eop

le w

ho

are

mu

rder

ed i

n

this

co

un

try

, m

ost

ly a

t th

e h

and

s o

f th

e st

ate

secu

rity

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they

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rely

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erat

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ath

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crit

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no

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rep

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slo

ga

ns

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ral

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pre

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ud

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ety

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liv

e in

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e w

ill

end

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th

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eto

on

th

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ne

ha

nd

an

d t

he

pa

up

er o

n t

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ith

ou

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an

y k

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of

mo

de o

f p

rod

uct

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an

d r

ep

rod

uct

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.

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at’

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hy

th

ere

are

th

ose

wh

o t

hin

k o

ur

rule

rs a

re

no

t ch

eto

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ut

that

th

ey a

re w

ith

th

e p

eop

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he

easy

crit

icis

m o

f ch

arac

ters

lik

e M

acri

or

Bu

llri

ch o

f th

e p

ast

go

ver

nm

ent,

or

the

crit

icis

m o

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iole

nt

an

d i

rres

po

n-

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lea

d t

o a

ma

ssa

cre

du

e to

ov

ercr

ow

din

g,

po

or

hea

lth

an

d

san

ita

ry c

on

dit

ion

s.

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pp

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go

ver

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ent,

an

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ot

exac

tly

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Sta

tes

are

ther

e to

pro

tect

th

eir

citi

zen

s. (

…)

tha

t w

ith

ou

t th

e S

tate

“y

ou

wo

uld

be

at

each

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eral

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at t

her

e is

no

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ssib

ilit

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nd

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an

d t

ha

t th

is i

s a

n e

xce

pti

on

al

mo

men

t, w

e d

o

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t h

av

e to

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ll i

nto

th

e fa

lse

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a o

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eco

no

my

th

at f

alls

alw

ays

rise

s, b

ut

a li

fe

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ith

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lato

r in

han

d, t

he

bo

urg

eois

ie t

hin

ks

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cial

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no

w a

gg

rav

ated

by

th

e p

and

emic

an

d

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agai

nst

th

e in

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se i

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epre

ssio

n a

nd

th

e co

mp

lici

t si

len

ce

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in i

ts a

nn

ual

rep

ort

fo

r 20

19.

“A n

ati

on

’s m

ost

po

wer

ful w

eap

on

: H

ealt

h”

Pu

blic

He

alt

h s

ecr

eta

ry o

f th

e N

ati

on

9

Pu

bli

c h

ea

lth

an

d w

ork

forc

e

Z3

Ex

trac

ted

fro

m t

he

sect

ion

Cie

nci

a y

En

ferm

edad

, in

Cu

ad-

ern

os

de

Neg

ació

n N

o. 8

: Crí

tica

de

la r

azón

cap

ital

ista

.

At

a m

om

ent

wh

en i

t is

po

liti

call

y i

nco

rrec

t to

un

rese

rved

ly

def

end

pro

gre

ss,

the

mo

st d

estr

uct

ive

asp

ects

of

ind

ust

ri-

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or

the

clo

ck i

tsel

f, t

he

exam

ple

of

med

icin

e is

oft

en u

sed

to

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even

if

the

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n w

hic

h i

t is

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du

ced

ca

use

s m

ore

ill

nes

s,

even

if

bru

tal

exp

erim

ents

are

ca

rrie

d o

ut

on

hu

ma

ns

an

d

oth

er a

nim

als

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e

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als

o t

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imm

edia

te o

nes

.

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r in

stit

uti

on

al

med

icin

e, t

he

sick

per

son

is

a p

ass

ive

elem

ent,

a p

ati

ent

(fro

m t

he

La

tin

pat

risñ1�������ü1 ��1��1

rece

ived

at

the

ho

spit

al l

ike

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rok

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ach

ine

that

nee

ds

an

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do

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urs

e o

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oth

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th

e co

nd

i-

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fro

m t

he

mo

uld

.4

Just

as

med

icin

e fu

nct

ion

s li

ke

the

bes

t a

lib

i fo

r sc

ien

ce

and

pro

gre

ss, s

o p

ub

lic

hea

lth

do

es i

n d

efen

se o

f th

e S

tate

.

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the

exh

aust

ing

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ifts

in

th

e fa

ce o

f th

e p

and

emic

, wit

h s

carc

e

reso

urc

es a

nd

min

imal

saf

ety

co

nd

itio

ns.

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,

even

if

it w

ants

to

sel

l u

s th

e o

pp

osi

te.

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en w

e ar

e to

ld t

hat

life

is t

he

nu

mb

er o

ne

pri

ori

ty, s

kep

-

tics

wo

nd

er w

hat

life

th

ey a

re t

alk

ing

ab

ou

t. S

pec

iali

sts

oft

en

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exp

ecta

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in

ord

er t

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ing

pra

ise

to c

apit

alis

t d

evel

op

men

t.

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his

cas

e, o

ver

th

e la

st w

eek

s th

ey h

ave

bee

n h

amm

erin

g

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asp

ect

of

rea

lity

: th

e n

um

ber

of

sick

peo

ple

, th

e n

um

ber

of

dea

d p

eop

le a

nd

of

tho

se w

ho

hav

e re

cov

ered

fro

m t

he

coro

na

vir

us.

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ese

nu

mb

ers

say

no

thin

g a

bo

ut

the

liv

ing

con

dit

ion

s o

f th

e p

role

tari

an c

lass

, ho

w w

e w

ere

bef

ore

an

d

ho

w w

e w

ill

be

afte

r th

e p

and

emic

is

ov

er. ��1���1���������1

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fact

th

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ign

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Ca

pit

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th

e v

ast

ma

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ty

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f co

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e w

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e fa

cin

g t

his

rea

lity

an

d i

n f

act

ou

r p

rese

nt

is t

he

pro

du

ct o

f su

cces

siv

e d

efea

ts o

f o

ur

clas

s

agai

nst

th

e o

nsl

aug

hts

of

Cap

ital

. Bu

t as

lo

ng

as

we

hav

e to

sell

ou

rsel

ves

in e

xch

ang

e fo

r a

sala

ry t

o li

ve,

hea

lth

pra

ctic

es

can

no

t es

cap

e fr

om

th

e lo

gic

of

per

form

ance

, ad

dre

ssin

g t

he

sym

pto

m a

nd

no

t th

e ca

use

, se

ekin

g t

o p

rolo

ng

ou

r u

sefu

l

life

, ta

kin

g c

are

of

the

lab

or

forc

e in

th

e sa

me

wa

y a

s a

ny

oth

er p

rod

uct

ion

in

pu

t.

On

ce a

ga

in s

log

an

s a

re h

eard

fro

m t

he

left

su

ch a

s “

ou

r

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pre

cise

ly t

ha

t th

e l

eft

do

es

no

t a

spir

e t

o g

o f

urt

her

tha

n

dis

pu

tin

g t

he

val

ue

of

ou

r la

bo

ur

forc

e, w

hen

th

e re

al i

ssu

e

is t

ha

t n

oth

ing

in

lif

e sh

ou

ld h

av

e a

pri

ce t

ag

! T

he

dis

ma

n-

tlin

g o

f th

e h

ealt

h c

are

sy

stem

du

rin

g t

he

last

dec

ad

es i

s

use

d t

o b

om

bar

d u

s w

ith

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Cri

tici

sms

of

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hea

lth

sy

stem

s o

f co

un

trie

s su

ch a

s th

e

Un

ited

Sta

tes

or

the

Un

ited

Kin

gd

om

, as

wel

l as

th

eir

lib

eral

rhet

ori

c th

at

is r

epli

cate

d i

n c

ha

ract

ers

such

as

Bo

lso

na

ro,

are

gu

ided

by

a f

erv

en

t st

ati

sm,

wh

ere

th

e c

oro

na

vir

us

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ov

er h

ow

to

ru

n t

he

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te.

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ence

s a

re e

ven

cir

cula

tin

g

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dis

ease

, o

n t

he

gro

un

ds

tha

t it

is

“n

ot

yet

fu

lly

ca

pit

ali

st

“.

Th

e co

nst

ruct

ion

of

a g

ian

t h

osp

ita

l in

10

da

ys

spea

ks

of

a c

ou

ntr

y’s

sh

ock

ing

pro

du

ctiv

e ca

pa

city

, n

ot

its

con

cern

for

hea

lth

. In

fa

ct,

the

curr

ent

situ

ati

on

see

ms

to e

nd

up

bei

ng

an

op

po

rtu

nit

y f

or

Ch

ina

to

str

eng

then

its

eco

no

mic

po

siti

on

in

th

e w

orl

d m

ark

et.

Ch

ua

ng

’s a

rtic

le w

arn

s u

s th

at

the

spre

ad

of

the

coro

na-

vir

us

“can

t b

e u

nd

erst

oo

d w

ith

ou

t ta

kin

g i

nto

acc

ou

nt

the

wa

ys

in w

hic

h C

hin

as

last

few

dec

ad

es o

f d

evel

op

men

t in

an

d t

hro

ug

h t

he

glo

ba

l ca

pit

ali

st s

yst

em h

as

mo

lded

th

e

cou

ntr

y’s

hea

lth

car

e sy

stem

an

d t

he

stat

e o

f p

ub

lic

hea

lth

mo

re g

ener

ally

. (…

) th

e co

ron

avir

us

was

ori

gin

ally

ab

le t

o

tak

e h

old

an

d s

pre

ad r

apid

ly b

ecau

se o

f a

gen

eral

deg

rad

a-

tio

n o

f b

asic

hea

lth

care

am

on

g t

he

po

pu

lati

on

at

larg

e. B

ut

pre

cise

ly b

eca

use

th

is d

egra

da

tio

n h

as

tak

en p

lace

in

th

e

mid

st o

f sp

ecta

cula

r ec

on

om

ic g

row

th, i

t h

as b

een

ob

scu

red

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Th

e re

alit

y,

ho

wev

er,

is t

hat

ex

pen

dit

ure

s o

n p

ub

lic

go

od

s

lik

e h

ealt

h c

are

an

d e

du

cati

on

in

Ch

ina

rem

ain

ex

trem

ely

low

, w

hil

e m

ost

pu

bli

c sp

end

ing

has

bee

n d

irec

ted

to

war

d