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ACENTUAO TNICA DE PALAVRAS

Just as stressed syllables in poetry reveal the metrical structure of the verse, phonological stresspatterns relate to the metrical structure of a language. (Victoria Fromkin, 239)

Acentuao tnica uma parte importante da pronncia. Alguns idiomas so marcadamentecaracterizados pela acentuao tnica predominante das palavras. o caso,por exemplo, dofrancs, no qual uma forte maioria de palavras oxtona (lal, lalal, lalalal, lalal, ...).

Do ponto de vista daquele que fala portugus como lngua me, cujas palavras sopredominantemente paroxtonas (cerca de 70%) e muitas das que no so tm sinalizaoortogrfica indicativa, a acentuao tnica do ingls representa um srio problema, devido aonmero maior de possibilidades, no ocorrncia de um modelo de acentuao tnicapredominante e ausncia de sinalizao ortogrfica. Veja os exemplos abaixo:

Word stress is an important part of pronunciation. Some languages are heavily characterized by theway words are normally stressed. This the case of French, where a very large majority of words arestressed on the last syllable (lal, lalal, lalalal, lalal, ...).

From the standpoint of the native speaker of Portuguese, whose words are predominantly (around

70%) paroxytone (stress on the syllable before the last), English word stress poses a problembecause of the larger number of possibilities, the nonoccurrence of one predominant pattern, andthe absence of indication in spelling. See the examples below:

PORTUGUESE / ENGLISH

oxtonas (stress on the last syllable) caf, estudar, computador,refrigerador, etc.hotel, control, police, improve, exchange, etc. (only two-syllable words)

paroxtonas (stress on one before the last) casa, modelo, Ipanema, comemorava, etc,video, English, important, united, revolution, etc.

proparoxtonas (stress on two before the last) fgado, metrpole, hemoflico, etc.excellent, hospital, government, photograph, photographer, etc.

stress on three before the last------ approximately, significantly, intelligible, objectionable, etc.double stress------approximation, refrigerator, characteristic, category, necessary, dictionary, fundamental,introductory, overnight, Vietnamese, etc.

Esta imprevisibilidade do acento tnico da palavra em ingls se constitui em mais um argumentocontra o contato prematuro com textos escritos no ensino de ingls como lngua estrangeira noBrasil.

This unpredictability of word stress in English is one more argument against early contact with thewritten text in the teaching of English in Brazil.

REGRAS DE ACENTUAO TNICA EM PORTUGUS

No portugus, determinados sufixos caracterizam determinados tipos de acentuao tnica. Ex:estudar, escrever, dormir, estudou, escreveu, dormiu, computador, professor, jogador, astral,avental, imoral.

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Da mesma forma, existem em ingls algumas regras que definem a correlao entre ortografia eacentuao tnica de alguns tipos de palavras, as quais podem ser teis ao aluno iniciante quetem pouca familiaridade com a lngua falada.

English word-stress rules Certain suffixes in Portuguese indicate the stressed syllable. Ex:estudar,escrever, dormir, estudou, escreveu, dormiu, computador, professor, jogador, astral, avental,imoral. The same way, in English there are useful spelling-to-sound rules that when presented tostudents can provide a light at the end of the tunnel.

A) Palavras terminadas em_sione_tion: o acento tnico recai sobre a slaba imediatamenteanterior a esse sufixo. A palavra portanto ser sempre paroxtona.A) Words which end in _sion, _tion: stress is on the syllable before this ending (1 syllable before thelast).Ex: illusion, television, solution, satisfaction.

B) Palavras terminadas em_ic: o acento tnico recai sobre a slaba imediatamente anterior a essesufixo. A palavra portanto ser sempre paroxtona.B) Words ending in _ic: stress the syllable before this ending (1 syllable before the last).Ex: unrealistic, static, fabric.

C) Palavras terminadas em_ial: o acento tnico recai sobre a slaba imediatamente anterior a essesufixo. A palavra portanto ser sempre paroxtona.C) Words ending in _ial: stress the syllable before this ending (1 syllable before the last).Ex: official, artificial, confidential.

D) Palavras terminadas em_iallysero sempre proparoxtonas.D) Words ending in _ially: stress the syllable before this ending (2nd syllable before the last).Ex: officially, essentially, basically.

E) Palavras terminadas em_icalsero sempre proparoxtonas.E) Words ending in _ical: stress the syllable before this ending (2nd syllable before the last).Ex: economical, practical, political.

F) Palavras terminadas em _cy e _ty sero sempre proparoxtonas.F) Words ending in _cy, _ty: stress is on the 2nd syllable before this ending.Ex: democracy, loyalty, agency, activity.

G) Verbos compostos com os prefixos over_ ou under_ tm sempre tonicidade dupla, enormalmente levam o acento tnico primrio numa das slabas aps o prefixo.G) Compound verbs with prefix over_ or under_: they always have double stress, and the primarystress is normally on one of the syllables which follow the prefix.Ex: overgrow, overheat, overlook, oversleep, underestimate, undergo, understand.