apostila-autocad-2011

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AutoCAD 2011 Preview Guide

Power your design projects from concept through completion with AutoCAD2011 software. Your ideas can

take shape with greater clarity and accuracy than ever before, thanks to new surface modeling tools and point

cloud support. New inferred constraints capabilities make working with parametrics easier, and updated

productivity tools help you deliver final design documentation faster than ever. And major updates to

materials and surfaces help you communicate design intent with the impact you demand. With these and

many other new capabilities youve been asking for, AutoCAD 2011 helps you take design and documentation

further.


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TableofContentsUserInterface............................................................................................................................................... 4

DrawingWindow.................................................................................................................................... 4

QuickAccessToolbar.............................................................................................................................. 4

Navigation.............................................................................................................................................. 5

UCSIconand3DGizmos........................................................................................................................ 6

TheRibbon.............................................................................................................................................. 7

VisualStyles............................................................................................................................................ 9

ObjectVisibility....................................................................................................................................... 9

ObjectSelection................................................................................................................................... 10

ObjectCreation.................................................................................................................................... 13

ActionRecorder

....................................................................................................................................

13

Document................................................................................................................................................... 14

ParametricConstraints......................................................................................................................... 14

GeometricConstraints................................................................................................................... 14

DimensionalConstraints................................................................................................................ 18

Transparency........................................................................................................................................ 19

HatchesandGradients......................................................................................................................... 22

Polylines................................................................................................................................................ 25

Splines................................................................................................................................................... 26

ExternalReferences.............................................................................................................................. 27

ScaleLists.............................................................................................................................................. 28

MissingSHXandFontFiles................................................................................................................... 30

TextAlignmentinLinetypes................................................................................................................. 31

Explore........................................................................................................................................................ 31

3DModelingWorkspaces..................................................................................................................... 31

3DObject

Snaps

...................................................................................................................................

32

SolidModeling...................................................................................................................................... 32

SurfaceModeling.................................................................................................................................. 33

SurfaceCreationTools................................................................................................................... 33

SurfaceEditingTools...................................................................................................................... 35


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AnalysisTools................................................................................................................................. 37

ConsistentMaterials............................................................................................................................. 38

MeshModeling..................................................................................................................................... 40

PointClouds.......................................................................................................................................... 41

LearningResources..................................................................................................................................... 43

NewFeaturesWorkshop...................................................................................................................... 43

OnlineHelpSystem.............................................................................................................................. 43

AutodeskSeek............................................................................................................................................. 44


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UserInterfaceAutoCAD2011offersavarietyofuserinterfaceenhancementsthatallowyoutodesignwithgreater

easeandefficiency.

Drawing WindowThedrawingwindowhasbeenupdatedinAutoCAD2011todisplayadarkgraybackgroundinmodelspace.

YoucaneasilymodifythedrawingwindowcolorfromtheDisplaytaboftheOptionsdialogbox.

Thetraditionaldotgridhasbeenreplacedwithhorizontalandverticalgridlinestomoreclosely

representengineeringgraphpaper.Whenthegridisenabled,redandgreenlinesextendfromtheUCS

icontorepresenttheXandYaxesoftheorigin.

Figure1.AutoCAD2011drawingwindow

Quick Access ToolbarTheQuickAccesstoolbardisplaysthenameofthecurrentworkspace.Youcaneasilyselectadifferent

workspaceandaccessotherworkspacetools.Inaddition,thedefaultQuickAccesstoolbarnowincludes

boththeSaveandtheSaveAstools.


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Figure2.Workspacemenu

NavigationAutoCAD2011includesanewNavigationbarwithfrequentlyusednavigationtools,includingAutodesk

SteeringWheels,ViewCube,andShowMotion,aswellasPan,Zoom,andOrbit.Itreplacesthe

navigationtoolsthatwerepreviouslyaccessibleontheStatusbar.Youcancontrolthedisplayofthe

Navigation

bar

for

individual

workspaces

via

a

property

in

the

CUI

dialog

box.

Figure3.CUINavigationbarproperty

TheNavigationbarprovidesintegratedsupportfor3DConnexiondeviceswhenthe3DConnexion

systemdriverispresent.


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Figure4.3DConnexionsettings

TheViewCubehasbeenenhancedtosupportthe2Dwireframevisualstyle,enablingyoutoeasily

changeyourviewpoint.Theclockwiseandcounterclockwisecontrolsareparticularlyusefulforrotating

theviewpointonthe2Dplane.

Figure5.ViewCubenavigation

TheSteeringWheelsSettingsdialogboxhasbeenupdatedforclarityandconsistency.

UCS Icon and 3D GizmosTheUCSiconhasbeenupdatedtodisplayadifferentcolorforeachaxis:Xforred,Yforgreen,andZfor

blue.Inaddition,theappearanceof3Dgizmoshasbeenupdatedforclarityandconsistency.


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Figure6.

UCS

icon

and

3D

gizmos

The RibbonAnewpulldownmenuhasbeenaddedtotheribboncyclebuttonattheendofthelistoftabs.Youcan

minimizetheribbontopanelbuttons,tabs,orpaneltitles.

Figure7.Ribboncycleoptions

Whenyouminimizetheribbontopanelbuttons,largeiconsappearforeachpanel.Hoveringoverthe

buttoncausesthepaneltoexpand,similartothebehavioryouseewhentheribbonisminimizedto

paneltitles.

Figure8.Ribbonpanelbuttons

TheInserttabincludesaPointCloudpaneltosupportthenewPointCloudfunctionality.Inaddition,a

newContentpanelprovideseasyaccesstoDesignCenterandAutodeskSeekwebservice.Autodesk

SeekhasbeenremovedfromtheOutputtab.

Figure9.Inserttab


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TheViewtabhasbeenupdatedtoincludetheVisualStylespanel,providingyouwitheasyaccessto

predefinedvisualstyles,theVisualStylesManager,andothervisualstylescontrols.TheWindowspanel

includesnewUserInterfaceandToolbarcontrolsthatenableyoutoeasilytogglethedisplayofvarious

userinterfaceelements,includingAutodeskViewCubeandShowMotionnavigationwidgets,the

Navigationbar,andtheTextwindow.TheStatusbarcontrols,whichhavebeenremovedfromthe

Windowspanel,

are

still

easily

accessible

from

the

Status

bar.

Figure10.Viewtab

CustomizableribbonfunctionalityintheCustomizeUserInterfacedialogboxhasbeenenhancedto

includenewFoldpanels.AsyouchangethesizeofyourAutoCADwindoworaddandremovepanels

fromatab,Foldpanelsresizehorizontallytofilltheavailablespace.Foldpanelpropertiesenableyouto

specifydefault,

maximium,

and

minimum

button

sizes.

Figure11.CUIRibbonFoldPanel.

Forexample,theFoldpaneldefinedabovecouldhavethefollowingdefault,maximum,andminimum

appearances.


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Figure12.

Example

Fold

panel

Visual StylesAutoCAD2011providesfivenewpredefinedvisualstylesincluding:Shaded,ShadedwithEdges,Shades

ofGray,Sketchy,andXRay.Withthemostcommoncombinationsofvisualstylepropertiesrightatyour

fingertips,visualstylesareeasiertousethanever.

Figure13.

Visual

styles

Object VisibilityAutoCAD2011includesnewtoolsthatenableyoutocontrolobjectvisibilityindependentfromlayer

visibility.TheObjectVisibilitytoolsareaccessiblefromtherightclickmenuwhenobjectsareselectedas

wellaswhennoobjectsareselected.WhenyouusetheIsolateObjectstool,onlytheselectedobjects

remainvisibleinthedrawing.Allotherobjectsarehidden.

Figure14.Isolatedobjects


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Alternatively,whenyouusetheHideObjectstool,theselectedobjectsarehidden.

Figure15.Hiddenobjects

YoucanuseacombinationoftheIsolateObjectsandHideObjectstoolstoefficientlydisplayonlythe

objectsthatarerelevanttoyourcurrenttask.Forexample,youmightusetheIsolateObjectstoolto

select

an

area

of

the

drawing

you

want

to

edit

and

then

use

the

Hide

Objects

tool

to

hide

additional

objectswithinthatarea.Aftercompletingyourtask,youcanquicklyrestorethehiddenobjectsusing

theEndObjectIsolationtool.

Figure16.EndObjectIsolationtool

TheOBJECTISOLATIONMODEsystemvariablecontrolswhetherisolated/hiddenobjectspersistbetween

drawingsessions.Alightbulbicononthestatusbarindicateswhetherobjectisolationisactiveinthe

drawing.

Figure17.ObjectIsolationstatusicon

Inadditiontotheobviousbenefitsobjectvisibilitycontrolsofferfor2Ddesign,theyrejustasvaluable

for3Dmodeling.

Object Selection


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ThenewSelectSimilartoolenablesyoutoselectanobjectandautomaticallyincludeallotherobjectsof

thesametypeandwiththesameproperties,inanewselectionset.Youcanaccessitfromtherightclick

menuwhenobjectsareselected.

Figure18.

Select

Similar

tool

ASettingsoption(accessiblewhenyouenterSELECTSIMILARatthecommandline)enablesyouto

specifywhichpropertiestofilter. IfonlytheLayerpropertyisenabledwhenyouselectacircle,for

example,AutoCADautomaticallyselectsallcirclesonthesamelayerastheoneyouselected.Ifboththe

LayerandLinetypepropertiesareenabled,however,AutoCADselectsonlythecirclesonthesamelayer

andwiththesamelinetypeastheselectedone.


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Figure19.SelectSimilarSettingsdialogbox

The

Select

Similar

tool

also

enables

you

to

select

more

than

one

object

and

create

the

matching

selectionsetaccordingly.Forexample,iftheLayerfilterisenabledandyouselecttwocircles,eachon

differentlayers,AutoCADselectsallthecirclesonbothlayers.If,instead,youselectacircleandaline,

AutoCADselectsallthecirclesonthesamelayerastheselectedcircleandallthelinesonthesamelayer

astheselectedline.Inadditiontogeneralobjectproperties,youcanfilterselectionsbasedonobject

specificproperties,includingobjectstyleandreferencename.ObjectStylepropertiesapplytotextand

mtext,leadersandmleaders,dimensionsandtolerances,andtablesandmultilines.Referencenames

applytoblocksandexternallyreferencedfiles,includingxrefsandimagesaswellasPDF,DWG,or

DGNfiles.

InadditiontothenewSelectSimilartool,anewoptionhasbeenaddedtothePICKADDsystemvariable.

WhenPICKADDissettoavalueof2(asitisnowbydefault),objectsthatyouselectusingtheSELECT

commandremainselectedinapickfirststateevenafteryouendtheSELECTcommand.

Easilyselectoverlappingobjectsusingthenewselectioncyclingfunctionality.Youcanenableselection

cyclingfromacontrolontheStatusbar.Whenyoutrytoselectanobjectthatoverlapsotherobjects,

AutoCADdisplaysalistofalltheoverlappingobjects.Asyoupassthecursoroveranobjectinthelist,

therelevantobjectinthedrawinghighlights.

Figure20.Selectioncyclingtool


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Object CreationThenewAddSelectedtoolenablesyoutoquicklycreateanewobjectinyourdrawingbasedonthe

propertiesofanexistingobject.Forexample,ifyouusetheAddSelectedtoolandselectapolyline,AutoCAD

automaticallylaunchesthePLINEcommandwithbasicobjectpropertiesincludingcolor,layer,linetype,

linetypescale,plotstyle,lineweight,transparency,andmaterialpresettomatchtheselectedobject.

Figure21.AddSelectedtoolAction RecorderTheActionMacroenablesyoutodeleteorinsertusermessagesforViewChangeoperations.

Figure22.ViewChangeeditingtools

Themacrolistdisplaysthemostrecentlyusedmacrosabovetheseparationbarandallavailablemacros

belowit.


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Figure23.ActionmacrolistDocumentAutoCADissynonymouswithdocumentationforgoodreason.Powerfuldocumentationtoolsin

AutoCAD2011helpyouworkevenfasterwithautomation,management,andeditingtoolsthat

minimizerepetitivetasksandspeedyourtimetocompletion.Nomatteryourprojectssizeorscope,

youcan

meet

the

challenge

with

AutoCADcontinuously

leading

and

innovating

documentation

for

over25years.

Parametric ConstraintsThe2DparametricfunctionalityhasbeenenhancedinAutoCAD2011,andincludespredefined

commandmacrostoaccessoptionswithinintheGEOMCONSTRAINTandDIMCONSTRAINTcommands.

Forexample,insteadoflaunchingtheGEOMCONSTRAINTcommandandthenselectingthe

Perpendicularoption,youcanlaunchtheGCPERPENDICULARcommanddirectly.Repeatingthelast

commandautomaticallyrepeatsthelastcommandaswellasthespecificoption.

Objecthighlighting

when

you

roll

over

an

icon

on

aconstraint

bar

or

when

you

select

aparameter

in

the

ParametersmanagersupportstheVisualEffectssettingsyouspecifyontheSelectiontaboftheOptionsdialog

box(dashedandthickenedbydefault).Additionalimprovementstogeometricanddimensionalconstraint

functionalityenableyoutocreateandeditparametricallyconstrainedgeometryfasterthaneverbefore.

GeometricConstraintsAutoCAD2011significantlysimplifiestheprocessofaddinggeometricconstraintsto2DAutoCAD

geometry.AutoCADcaninfergeometricconstraintsasyoucreateandmodifygeometry.AnewInfer

Constraintbuttononthestatusbarenablesyoutotoggleinferredconstraintsonandoffsimilarto

togglingobjectsnapsonandoff.ThistoggleisalsoavailableontheGeometrictaboftheConstraint

Settingsdialogbox.

Figure24.InferConstraintstool


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UsinginferredconstraintsautomaticallyappliescoincidentconstraintsforEndpoint,Midpoint,Center,

Node,andInsertionobjectssnaps.Forexample,ifyoudrawacirclebysnappingitscentertothe

midpointofaline,AutoCADautomaticallyappliesacoincidentconstraintbetweenthecenterofthe

circleandthemidpointoftheline.Ifyoumovethecircle,thelinegoeswithit.Thesamepowerful

functionalityappliestoeditingcommands.If,forexample,youcopytheinsertionofablocktothe

endpointof

aline,

AutoCAD

automatically

applies

acoincident

constraint

between

those

two

points.

Whenyoumovetheline,theblockmaintainsitspositionattheendpointoftheline.

Figure25.

Editing

with

inferred

constraints

Inadditiontocreatingpointtopointcoincidentconstraintswiththepreviouslymentionedobjectsnaps,

youcanusetheNearestobjectsnaptoapplyacoincidentconstraintbetweenapointandanobject.For

example,ifyoudrawthecenterofacircleonalineusingtheNearestobjectsnap,thecenterofthe

circlehastheflexibilityofmovinganywherealongthelineincludingthevirtualextensionoftheline.

Figure26.Nearestobjectsnapwithinferredconstraints

ThePerpendicularandTangentobjectsnapsautomaticallyapplyperpendicularortangentconstraints

betweentheobjectbeingcreatedoreditedandtheobjectbeingsnappedto.Theyalsoapplyapointto

pointorpointtoobjectcoincidentconstraintifappropriate.UsingtheParallelobjectsnapautomatically

appliesaparallelconstraintbutnocoincidentconstraintsareappliedsince,bydefinition,thetwo

objectsneverintersect.Whenyoudrawhorizontalorverticallinesandpolylinesegments,inferred

horizontalandverticalconstraintsautomaticallyapplytothosesegments.

Inferredconstraintsenhancethebehaviorofrectangles,fillets,andchamfersbyautomaticallyapplying

appropriategeometricconstraints.Forexample,ifyoudrawarectangle(usingtheRECTANGcommand),

AutoCADautomaticallyappliesapairofparallelconstraintsandaperpendicularconstrainttotheclosed

polyline.Whenyoumodifythesizeandshapeoftherectangle,youcanrestassuredthatitwillremaina

rectanglewithparallelsidesandperpendicularcorners.Creatingafilletautomaticallyappliescoincident

andtangentconstraintsbetweenthenewlycreatedarcandtheexistingpairoflineshelpingmaintain


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thefilletevenwhenthearcorlinesaremodified.Similarly,creatingachamferappliescoincident

constraintsbetweenthenewlycreatedlineandtheexistingpairoflines.

Figure27.Filletsandchamferswithinferredconstraints

Evenafteryouveappliedconstraints,youcantemporarilyrelaxthembypressingtheCTRLkeywhile

editingconstrainedobjects.

AutoCAD2011

improves

the

support

of

geometric

constraints

for

ellipses

and

text.

You

can

now

apply

Parallel,Perpendicular,Collinear,Horizontal,andVerticalconstraintsbetweenthemajororminoraxes

ofanellipseandotherobjects.

Figure28.

Constraining

an

ellipse

Similarly,youcanapplyParallel,Perpendicular,Collinear,Horizontal,andVerticalconstraintstothe

rotationangleoftextobjects.Inaddition,textandmtextobjectsbehaveconsistentlyandpredictably,

withtheidentifiedinsertionpointoftheobjectbeingtheconstrainablepoint.

Figure29.Constrainingtext

TheAutoConstrainfunctionalityinAutoCAD2011hasbeenupdatedtoincludetheEqualconstraint.

WhenyouuseAutoConstrainwiththeEqualoptionenabled,theEqualconstraintisautomatically

appliedtolinesandpolylinesegmentsofequallengthandarcsand/orcirclesofequalradius.


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Constraintbarsareenhancedtoprovidemorecontrolandflexibility.Youcanselectmultipleobjectsfor

showingorhidingconstraintbarsusingstandardselectionmethods,includingWindow,Crossing,Fence,

andImpliedWindow/Crossing.Quicklydisplayallconstraintbarsintheiroriginalpositionusingthenew

Resetoption. And,anewsettingintheGeometrictaboftheConstraintSettingsdialogsenablesyouto

showconstraintbarswhenobjectsareselectedevenifthoseconstraintbarsarecurrentlyhidden.When

thegeometry

is

no

longer

selected,

the

temporarily

displayed

constraint

bars

are,

once

again,

hidden.

Whenyoumoveaconstraintbarandthenedittherelatedgeometry,theconstraintbarmaintainsits

positionrelativetothegeometry.

Figure30.GeometricConstraintsettings

ThenewconstrainticonsforFix,Horizontal,andVerticalconstraintsvisuallyindicatewhethertheyapply

toanobjectortoapoint.Thesymmetricconstrainticonisalsoupdatedtoindicatewhetheritis

identifyingasymmetricalpointorobject,orthesymmetricline.

Constraint Icons Description

Fix Differenticonsforfixpointandfixobjectconstraints

Horizontal Differenticonsforfixpointandfixobjectconstraints

Vertical Differenticonsforfixpointandfixobjectconstraints

Symmetric Differenticonsforsymmetricalpoint,object,andsymmetryline


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DimensionalConstraintsTheDIMCONSTRAINTcommandincludesanewConvertoptiontoconvertassociativedimensionsto

dimensionalconstraintsratherthanitbeingthedefaultbehavior.

Figure31.DIMCONSTRAINToptions

Whenenteringdimensionalconstraintvaluesinplace,youcanclickonanexistingdimensional

constraintto

insert

the

constraint

name.

When

dynamic

dimensional

constraints

reference

another

parameter,theparametertextisprependedwithfx:tohelppreventyoufromaccidentallyassigninga

constantvaluetoaparameterthatreferencesothervariables.

Figure32.Dimensionalconstraints

NewtoolsontheDimensionalPaneloftheParametrictabprovideyouwithmorecontroloverthe

display

of

dimensional

constraints.

Using

the

Show/Hide

tool

you

can

select

the

specific

dimensional

constraintsyouwanttoshoworhide.

Figure33.Dimensionalconstraintvisibilitytools

TheParametersManagerofferssignificantimprovementsinAutoCAD2011.ItincludesanewFilters

panewhereyoucandefineparametergroupsthatdisplayasubsetoftheparameters.Createnewfilter

groupsusing

the

button

at

the

top

of

the

Parameters

Manager

or

by

selecting

the

option

from

the

right

clickmenu.Withyourfiltergroupscreated,youcanthendragparametersintothem.Therightclick

menuforparametersintheParametersManagerisupdatedwithadditionaloptionsincludingtheability

todisplaytheFiltertreeandtoremoveparametersfromagroup.


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Figure34.

Parameter

group

filters

Anewsearchboxfilterstheparametersdisplayedinthegridcontrolbasedontheparametername.

Columntooltipsdisplaythefullnameofthecolumnaswellasadescription.

AdditionalenhancementstotheParametersManagersimplifytheterminologyfordimensional

constraintsanduservariablescreatedinthedrawingeditorversustheblockeditor.TheShowcolumnin

theBlockEditorincludesanewoptiontoconvertbetweendimensionalconstraintparametersoruser

parametersdefinedinthedrawingeditorversustheblockeditor.IntheBlockEditor,iconsaredisplayed

for

action

parameters,

attributes,

and

user

parameters.

TransparencyAutoCAD2011includesanewtransparencypropertythatenablesyoutoapplytransparencytoobjects

andlayersinthesamewayyouapplycolors,linetypes,andlineweights.


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Figure35.

Transparent

objects

Youcansettransparencybylayer,byblock,orindividuallyforanobject.Thedefaulttransparencyvalue

forlayersandobjectsis0,andyoucansetitashighas90.

TheLayerPropertiesManager(paletteanddialog),theLayerStatesManager,theLayerFilterdialog,

andtheLayerTranslatorhaveallbeenupdatedtoreflectthenewtransparencyproperty.IntheLayer

PropertiesManager,anewcolumnforTransparencyisavailableinmodelspaceandlayouts,anda

columnforViewport(VP)Transparencyisavailableinlayoutsandfloatingmodelspaceviewports.

Figure36.

Layer

Transparancy

options

Youcansettransparencyforindividualobjectsjustlikecolorandlinetype.Settingatransparencyvalue

foranindividualobjectoverridesthelayertransparencysettingforthatobject.Youcanaccessobject

transparencyfromanumberofplaces:thePropertiespalette,QuickProperties,ortheribbon.Thenew

CETRANSPARENCYsystemvariablesetsthetransparencypropertyfornewobjects.


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Figure37.ObjectTransparancyoptions

TheSetByLayerSettingsdialoghasbeenupdatedtoincludeTransparencyasoneoftheavailable

properties.

Figure38.SetByLayersettings

TransparencyhasalsobeenaddedtotheQuickSelect,Filter,andMatchPropertySettingsdialogsas

wellastheCHPROP,CHANGE,LAYER,VPLAYER,andLISTcommands.

Figure39.Propertysettings

Abuttonhasbeenaddedtothestatusbartoenableyoutotemporarilyturnofftransparencydisplay

(TRANSPARENCYDISPLAYsystemvariable),similartothebehaviorofthelineweightdisplaybutton.This

doesnotaffectplotting.However,youhavetheoptiontoturnofftransparencywhenplotting.ThePlot


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andPageSetupdialogsbothincludeacheckboxfortransparency(PLOTTRANSPARENCY),similartothe

behaviorforplotstyles.Whenthisoptionisenabled,AutoCADrasterizestheentiredrawingforplotting,

slowingdowntheplottingprocess.

Figure40.Plottransparency

Priorto

AutoCAD

2011,

images

had

asetting,

also

called

transparency,

that

controlled

whether

the

backgroundofabitonalimagewasclearoropaque.Thispropertyhasbeenrenamedtobackground

transparencytodistinguishitfromthenewtransparencyproperty.Youcanapplybothbackground

andobjecttransparenciestoimagesinAutoCAD2011.

Hatches and GradientsTheHatchtoolisstreamlinedinAutoCAD2011forfastercreationandeditingofhatchobjects.Itnow

immediatelypromptsyoutoselectaninternalpointwithoutdisplayingtheHatchdialogbox.Instead,

thenewHatchCreationcontextualtabprovideseasyaccesstoallhatchandgradientoptions.

Figure41.HatchCreationtab

AHatchEditorcontextualribbondisplayssimilarhatchtoolswhenyouselectanexistinghatch.

Figure42.HatchEditingribbontab

TheHatchPreviewfunctionforthepickpointsmethodhasbeenimproved.Now,passingyourcursor

overaneligibleareashowsyouwhatthehatchwouldlooklikeifyouclickedthere.


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Figure43.Hatchpreview

Youcanalsoseetheresultofeachclickasyoupickpointsorobjectsinthedrawing.Keepinmindthat

eventhoughitlooksasthoughahatchwascreatedasyouclicked,itwillnotactuallybeaseparate

objectunlessyouhavetheCreateSeparateHatchesoptionon.

Figure44.CreateSeparateHatchesoption

AutoCAD2011continuestoexpandobjectgripfunctionalitywithanewcentergripfordirect

manipulationofhatchobjects.Youcanusedirectmanipulationtostretchormovethehatchorchange

theorigin,

angle,

or

scale.

These

options

are

available

when

you

hover

over

the

grip.

You

can

either

chooseanoptionfromthelist,oractivatethegripanduseCTRLtocyclethroughthedifferent

behaviors.


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Figure45.Directmanipulationhatchtools

Otherhatchgripbehaviorhasnotchanged,exceptthatstretchisnowthedefaultactionforthe

secondaryormiddlegripsonanonassociativehatch.

Figure46.Stretchhatchaction

Hatchesnowsupportbackgroundcolorinadditiontolinecolor.Thisenablesyoutohavetheeffectof

layeringhatchesinoneobject.

Figure47.Hatchbackgroundcolor

Younowalsohavetheoptiontosetahatchslayerbeforeyoucreateit.Youcanchooseeithertouse

thecurrent

layer

or

to

pick

one

from

your

drawing.

Like

color,

pattern,

and

other

hatch

properties,

layer

isapersistentsettingduringyourdrawingsession.

ThecommandHATCHTOBACKhasbeenintroducedinresponsetoanitemontheAUGIwishlist.Similar

toTEXTTOFRONT,HATCHTOBACKsendshatchesunderneathallotherobjectsinthedrawing.Send

HatchestoBackisavailableontheModifypaneloftheHometabundertheDrawOrderflyout,along

withBringTexttoFrontandBringDimensionstoFront.


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Figure48.SendHatchestoBacktool

ThenewsystemvariableMIRRHATCHenablesyoutomirrorhatcheswhileretainingtheirorientation.

(ThisissimilartotheMIRRTEXTvariable.)Setto0,mirroringhatchesmaintainstheiroriginalangle.

WhenMIRRHATCHissetto1,thehatchanglemirrorsalongwiththerestoftheobjects.

Figure49.Hatchmirrorbehavior

TheHatchObjectLimitsystemvariable(HPOBJWARNING)hasbeenincreasedto10,000from1,000to

reflectthecapabilitiesofcurrentcomputers.Whenalargenumberofobjectsareselectedforhatch

boundarycalculations,itcanresultinslowerperformance.Thankstoincreasedhardwarecapabilities,

though,itnowtakesamuchlargernumberofboundaryobjectstoaffectcalculationspeed.Youmay

nowalsosetthevalueoftheHatchObjectLimityourself.

PolylinesPolylineobjectsinAutoCAD2011nowhaveextragripstomakeeditingthemeasierthanever.In

additiontothefamiliarprimarygripslocatedattheendofeachpolylinesegment,therearenow

additionalsecondarygripslocatedatthemidpointofeachsegment.Thesegrips,likethenewhatch

grips,

are

multifunctional.

The

available

functions

can

be

seen

by

hovering

over

a

grip,

and

you

can

chooseanoptiondirectlyfromthemenuthatappears.


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Figure50.Directmanipulationpolylinetools

Youcanalsoactivatethegripbyclickingonit.Thenyoucancyclethroughtheavailablefunctionsby

pressingCTRL,orchoosingoneoftheoptionsfromtherightclickmenu.Iconsnexttothecursor

indicatetheactivefunction.

SubselectionforpolylineshasbeenrefinedinAutoCAD2011.Tosubselectoneormoresegmentsofa

polyline,holddownCTRLwhileleftclickingonthepolyline.

Figure51.Polylinesubobjectselection

Gripbehaviorforsubselectedsegmentsisidenticaltothebehaviorwhentheentirepolylineisselected.

Youcan

now

use

the

JOIN

command

to

connect

lines,

arcs,

and

polylines

to

3D

polylines,

as

long

as

they

areallcontiguous(inotherwords,theyshareacommonendpoint).Youmustselectthemostcomplex

objectfirst(inthiscase,the3Dpolyline),andtheobjectstobejoineddonotneedtobecoplanar.

SplinesSplineshavebeenupdatedinAutoCAD2011toprovidemoreflexibilityandcontrol.Youcandefinea

splineusingfitpointsorcontrolvertices(CV).CVsplinesaremoreappropriateifyouwillbeusingthem

with3DNURBSsurfaces.

Figure52.FitsplineandControlVerticesspline


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Whendrawingafitspline,youcanspecifyadditionalsettingsforitsstartandendtangencies,tolerance

(howclosethesplinemustcometothefitpoint),andknotparameterization(controllingtheshapeof

thecurveasitpassesthroughthefitpoint).

TheonlyoptionforCVsplinesisDegree,whichcontrolshowmanybendsthesplinecantakeinagiven

span.

Figure53.

CV

spline

Degree

C

Easilyswitchmethods,addandremovepoints,oreditendpointtangenciesusingintuitivegripmenus.

Figure54.Splinetangentdirection

TheSPLINEDITcommandalsohasseveralnewoptions,includingimprovedEditVertexoptions.Youcan

noweasilyaddkinksorsharpcornerstoaspline.

Figure55.Splinekink

YoucanusetheJOINcommandtoconnectlines,arcs,polylines,3Dpolylines,andhelixestosplines,as

longastheyareallcontiguous(inotherwords,theyshareacommonendpoint).Youmustselectthe

mostcomplexobjectfirst(inthiscase,thespline),andtheobjectstobejoineddonotneedtobe

coplanar.

External References


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TheselectionofexternallyreferencedfileshasbeenenhancedinAutoCAD2011.Whenyouselecta

referenceobjectinthedrawing(xrefs,images,DWFTM,DGN,PDF,dataextractiontables),the

correspondingreferenceisselectedintheExternalReferencespalette.Similarly,ifyouselectfile

referencesfromtheExternalReferencespalette,thereferencesarehighlighted(butnotselected)inthe

drawing,assumingtheyarevisibleinthecurrentview.Youcancontrolthisbehaviorwiththenew

ERHIGHLIGHTsystem

variable.

Figure56.ExternalReferencehighlighting

TheExternalReferencespaletteincludesaoptiontoeasilydetachdataextractiontablesfromadrawing.

Figure57.

Data

Extraction

Table

Detach

option

Scale ListsScalelistfunctionalityhasbeenenhancedinAutoCAD2011tostoreacustomizabledefaultlistof

annotationscalesinthefixedprofileoftheregistry.Youcanusethedefaultscalelisttodefinea

customizedlistofscalesthatautomaticallydisplaysinallyourdrawings.Ascalelistisstillmaintainedin

thedrawing,butyoucaneasilyresetthescalelistinthedrawingtothedefaultlistofscales(metricor


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imperial)definedintheregistry.Whenthescalelistinadrawingisreset,AutoCADpurgestheunused

scalesinthedrawingandthenmergesinthecustomizedlistofscalesfromtheregistryintothedrawing.

YoucancustomizetheDefaultScaleListfromtheUserPreferencesTaboftheOptionsdialogbox.You

canstilleditthescaleliststoredinthedrawingbyaccessingthescalecontrolontheStatusbarorwith

theSCALELISTEDITcommand.

Figure58.

User

Preferences

tab

of

the

Options

dialog

box

TheDefaultScaleListdialogboxissimilartotheexistingEditScaleListdialog,whicheditsthescalesin

thedrawing.However,theDefaultScaleListdialogboxincludesadditionalcontrolsforyoutospecify

whetherthedefaultscalesaremetricorimperial.


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Figure59.

Default

Scale

list

Whenyouresetthescaleslistinadrawing,youarepromptedtoselectMetricscales,Imperialscales,or

both.ThedefaultchoiceisgovernedbytheMEASUREMENTvariableinthedrawing.Whenyoucreatea

newdrawingwithoutspecifyingatemplate,AutoCADaddsmetricorimperialscalesbasedonthe

MEASUREMENTvariable.Whenyoucreateanewdrawingbasedonatemplate,thescalesinthe

templateappearinthenewdrawing.Thescalesintheregistryarenotimported.

Missing SHX and Font FilesYounowhavetheoptiontoignoremissingSHXfiles(shapeorfontfiles)whenopeningadrawing.You

arenolongerrequiredtospecifyareplacement.ThisdialogmaybesuppressedifFONTALTissetto

somethingotherthannone.

Figure60.MissingSHXfiles


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TextstyleswithmissingfontsarenowidentifiedbyaniconintheTextStyleManager.

Text Alignment in Linetypes

AutoCAD2011

now

makes

it

possible

to

maintain

linetype

readability

in

any

orientation.

Figure61.Textalignment

ThelinetypesincludedwithAutoCAD2011behavethiswaybydefault.Toupdateyourowncustom

linetypes,youneedtochangetherotationoptiontoU,forupright.(Otherpossiblevaluesforthe

rotationoptionareR,forrelative,andA,forabsolute.)

Anexamplelinetypedefinitionlookslikethis:

Old:

*GAS_LI NE, Gas l i ne - - - - GAS- - - - GAS- - - - GAS- - - - GAS- - - - GAS- - - - GAS- -

A, . 5, - . 2, [ "GAS" , STANDARD, S=. 1, R=0. 0, X=- 0. 1, Y=- . 05] , - . 25

New:

*GAS_LI NE, Gas l i ne - - - - GAS- - - - GAS- - - - GAS- - - - GAS- - - - GAS- - - - GAS- -

A, . 5, - . 2, [ "GAS" , STANDARD, S=. 1, U=0. 0, X=- 0. 1, Y=- . 05] , - . 25

Figure62.ExampleLinetypeDefinition.

ExploreAutoCAD2011givesyou3Dpowertoexploreyourideasinalmostanyshapeimaginable.AutoCADand

ablankcanvashavealotincommon.Bothgiveyoutheabilitytocreatethepreviouslyunimaginable.

ButAutoCADprovidestheflexibilitytoexploredesignideasinboth2Dand3D,withintuitivetoolsthat

helpyourconceptsbecomereal.Theworldisyourcanvaswhatwillyoucreatenext?

3D Modeling Workspaces


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AutoCAD2011includestwo3Drelatedworkspaces,whichyoucanaccessfromtheWorkspacemenuin

theQuickAccessToolbar.The3DBasicsworkspaceprovidesasimpleworkspacewiththemostbasic

toolsforcreatingandvisualizing3Dsolidmodels.The3DModelingworkspaceprovidesaccesstothe

completearrayof3DtoolsinAutoCAD.

Figure63.Workspaceslist

3D Object SnapsNewtoolsandvariablesinAutoCAD2011separate3Dobjectsnapsfrom2Dobjectsnaps.Anew3DObjectSnaptoggleisavailableonthestatusbar,enablingyoutotoggle3Dobjectsnapsonandoff.

Rightclickingonthestatusbariconprovidesaccesstoamenuofthe3DobjectsnapsandtheSettings

option,whichlinkstothenew3DObjectSnaptabintheDraftingSettingsdialogbox.Youcanalso

accessthesecontrolsviatheshiftrightclickmenu,oratthecommandlineusingthenew3DOSNAP

commandand3DOSMODEsystemvariable.

Figure64.3DObjectsnaps

Solid Modeling3DmodelingtoolsinAutoCAD2011havebeenupdatedtoprovidemoreflexibilityandincreasedeaseof

use.TheEXTRUDE,LOFT,REVOLVE,andSWEEPcommandsnowallowyoutoselectanedgeorsub

objectforusingasaprofileorcurvetocreateanewsurface.Youarenolongerlimitedtousingplanar

curves.

TheSolidribbontabprovidesaccesstonewFilletEdgeandChamferEdgesolideditingtools.Bothof

thesetoolsprovideapreviewpriortocompletingtheoperationandtheysupportdirectmanipulation.


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Surface ModelingInadditionto3Dsolidandmeshobjects,AutoCAD2011offerstwodifferenttypesofsurfaces:

proceduralandNURBS(nonuniformrationalbspline).Proceduralsurfacesareassociativeandhave

history.NURBSsurfacesarenotassociativeanddonothavehistory.Instead,theyhavecontrolvertices

thatallowyoutosculptshapesinawaythatisclosertohowyouwouldoperateintherealworld.You

canuse

procedural

surfaces

to

take

advantage

of

associative

modeling

and

use

NURBS

surfaces

to

take

advantageofsculptingwithcontrolvertices.Atypicalsurfacemodelingworkflowmightbe:

Createamodelthatcombines3Dsolids,surfaces,andmeshobjects.

Convertthemodeltoproceduralsurfacestotakeadvantageofassociativemodeling.

ConverttheproceduralsurfacestoaNURBSmodelwiththeCONVTONURBScommandtotake

advantageofNURBSediting.

Checkforimperfectionsandwrinkleswiththesurfaceanalysistools.

Ifnecessary,rebuildthesurfacestorestoresmoothnesswiththeCVREBUILDcommand.

ThenewSurfacetabontheribbonprovideseasyaccesstosurfacemodelingtools.

Figure65.Surfaceribbontab

SurfaceCreationToolsAutoCAD2011enablesyoutocreatethreenewanalyticsurfacetypes:Blend,Patch,andNetwork.

AblendsurfacecreatesasmoothtransitionbetweenexistingsurfacesusingthenewSURFBLEND

command.You

can

specify

how

the

blend

surface

flows

at

the

edge

that

meets

and

touches

the

other

surfacesusingthegripmenuoptions.

Figure66.

Blended

surface

ThenewPatchsurfacetoolenablesyoutocloseorpatchanopen,closededgeobject.Itgeneratesa

newpatchsurfaceforanyboundingedgethatisaclosedloop.


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Figure67.Patchsurface

ThenewNetworktoolenablesyoutocreateasurfacethroughasetofcurvesintheUandVdirections.

ItissimilartotheLOFTcommandbutmorestreamlinedandflexible.Youcanevenchooseaselectionof

curvesthatarenotconnectedtooneanother.

Figure68.Networksurface

Ifyoudefinetheedgesofanetworkedsurfaceusingedgesfromexistingsurfaces,thenewlycreated

surfacewillhaveadditionalgripsenablingyoutocontrolthecontinuityconditionbetweenthenewly

createdsurfaceanditsadjacentsurfaces.

Theoffsettool(SURFOFFSETcommand)isaccessiblefromtheCreatepaneloftheSurfaceribbontab.It

enablesyoutoeasilycreateanewsurfacebyoffsettinganexistingsurface.

Figure69.Offsetsurface

YoucanturnonSurfaceAssociativitypriortoperformingaBlend,Patch,orOffsetoperation,accessible

fromtheCreatepaneloftheSurfacesribbontab,toconstrainthenewsurfacesbasedontheoriginating

surfaces.Forexample,ifsurfaceassociativityisenabledwhenyoucreateanoffsetsurfaceandablend

betweenthetwosurfaces,allthreesurfacesareassociative.Ifyouedittheoffsetdistance,usingthe

Propertiespaletteorgrips,theblendsurfacewillupdateaccordingly.


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Figure70.Surfaceassociativity

SurfaceEditingToolsAutoCAD2011offersasetofrobustnewsurfaceeditingtoolstofillet,extend,trim,anduntrimsurfaces.

YoucancreateafilletwithaspecifiedradiusbetweentwosurfaceedgesusingthenewFillettool

(SURFFILLETcommand),availableontheEditpanel.

Figure71.Surfacefillet

ThenewTrimtool,accessiblefromtheEditpanel,enablesyoutocreatecomplexedgesandholesin

surfaces.YoucanusetheUntrimtool(UNTRIMcommand)tountrimatrimmedsurface.

Figure72.Surfacetrim

ThenewExtendtool(SURFEXTENDcommand),ontheEditpanel,enablesyoutoextendasurfaceby

selectinganedge.


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Figure73.Surfaceextend

ThenewSculpttool(SURFSCULPTcommand),accessiblefromtheEditpanel,enablesyoutocreatea

newsolidobjectbasedontheenclosedvolumeofmultipleintersectingsurfaces.

Figure74.Surfacesculpt

ThenewProjectGeometrytools(PROJECTGEOMETRYcommand)enableyoutoprojectgeometryontoa

surfacecreatinganewlineorsplineontopofthesurface.UnliketheexistingImprinttool,theprojected

geometryis

not

consumed

by

the

surface.

You

can

use

the

AutoTrim

tool

to

specify

whether

surfaces

areautomaticallytrimmedwhenyouprojectgeometry.AllofthesetoolsareavailableintheProject

GeometrypaneloftheSurfaceribbontab.

Figure75.ProjectGeometrytools

YoucanconvertfromanalyticsurfacestoNURBSsurfacesusingthenewConverttoNURBStool

(CONVTONURBScommand)whichisaccessiblefromtheControlVerticespanelontheSurfaceribbon

tab.OnceananalyticsurfaceisconvertedtoaNURBSsurfaceyoucanshow/hidethecontrolverticesvia

theShowCVandHideCVtools(CVSHOWandCVHIDEcommands)andusethegizmotomovethe

controlvertices,reshapingthesurface.AdditionaltoolsintheControlVerticespanelenableyouto


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rebuildthecontrolvertices(CVREBUILD)oradd(CVADD)andremove(CVREMOVE)vertices.TheCVEdit

Bar,locatedontheribbon,isaconvenienttoolthatcombinestheCVADD,CVHIDE,andCVREMOVE

functions.

Figure76.NURBSsurface

AnalysisToolsAutoCAD2011providesasetofanalysistoolstohelpyouunderstandthecontinuitybetweendifferent

surfacesthatmakeupaglobalshape.ThesetoolsareavailableintheAnalysispaneloftheSurface

ribbontab.TheZebratoolenablesyoutoanalyzesurfacecontinuitybyprojectingparallellinesontothe

surface.TheCurvaturetooldisplaysacolorgradientonthesurface,enablingyoutoidentifyhighand

lowareasofcurvature.TheDrafttooldisplaysacolorgradientonthesurface,enablingyouto

determineifamodelhasadequatedraftbetweenapartanditsmold.Youcancontrolthedisplayand

behavior

for

each

of

the

analysis

tools

using

the

Analysis

Options

dialog

box.

The

Analysis

Options

dialog

boxisaccessiblefromtheAnalysispanelaswellasfromthe3DModelingtaboftheOptionsdialogbox.

Figure77.Analysisoptions


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Theanalysesarevisualrepresentationssimilartothevisualstyles,exceptthattheycanbeappliedper

object.

Figure78.Exampleofanalysisrepresentations

Consistent MaterialsAutoCAD2011providespowerfulandintuitivetoolsforviewing,selecting,andeditingmaterials.Access

thesetoolsfromtheMaterialspaneloftheRenderribbontabwhenthe3DModelingworkspaceis

active.

Figure79.Renderribbontab

TheMaterialsBrowserenablesyoutobrowseandsearchformaterialsfromtheAutodeskMaterials

Libraryofthousandsofmaterialsanduserlibraries,aswellasfromthecurrentdrawing.Alistofthe

availablelibraries

and

their

categories

is

available

in

the

tree

at

the

bottom

left

of

the

Materials

Browser.


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Figure80.MaterialsBrowser

InadditiontotheAutodeskMaterialslibrary,youcancreateandopenyourownmaterialslibraries

directlyintheMaterialsBrowser.Createcategorieswithinthematerialslibrarytoorganizeandmanage

specifictypesofmaterials.Tofindspecificmaterials,youcansearchonmaterialcharacteristics,suchas

blueorceramic.Afterlocatingadesiredmaterialinalibrary,addittothecurrentdrawingviatheright

clickmenuordraganddrop.Materialsinthecurrentdrawingaredisplayedintheupperpaneofthe

MaterialsBrowser.

Figure81.AutodeskMaterialslibrary

TheMaterialsEditoroffersmanysettingstomodifypropertiesofamaterial.Youcanaccessitfromthe

dialogboxlauncherinthelowerrightcorneroftheMaterialspanelorfromaniconinthelowerright

corneroftheMaterialsBrowser.


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Figure82.MaterialsEditor

Mesh ModelingMeshmodelingfunctionalityhasbeenupdatedinAutoCAD2011toprovideyouwithmoreflexibility

andcontrol.

You

can

access

the

Mesh

modeling

tools

from

the

Mesh

tab

when

the

3D

Modeling

workspaceisactive.

ThenewMergeMeshtoolenablesyoutomergetwoormoreadjacentfacesintoasingleface.

Figure83.MeshMergeexample


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YoucanusetheCloseHoletooltoclosegapsinmeshobjectsbyselectingtheedgesofthesurrounding

meshedges.

Figure84.CloseHoleexample

TheCollapseFaceorEdgetoolenablesyoutoforceverticesofsurroundingmeshfacestoconvergeat

thecenterofaselectededgeorface.

Figure85.CollapseFaceorEdgeExample.

TheSpinTriangleFacetoolmodifiestheshapesoffacesbyrotatingtheedgethatjoinstwotriangular

meshfaces.

Figure86.SpinTriangleFaceexample

Point CloudsAutoCAD2011enablesyoutoattachanddisplaypointcloudscreatedfrom3Dscanningdevices.You

canaccessthenewPointCloudtoolsfromtheInsertribbontab.

Figure87.PointCloudtools

TheIndextoolenablesyoutoindexscandatafilesfromtwodifferentpointcloudenginesandsave

themaspointcloudfiles.


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Engine Inputfiles Outputfiles

Ambercore .LAS .ISD

LightweightEngine .XYB,.LAS,.FLS,.FWS .PCG

Youcanattachapointcloudfile(ISDorPCG)toanAutoCADdrawinginasimilarmannertoattaching

otherreferencefiles.

Figure88.AttachPointClouddialogbox

Withapointcloudfileattached,youcancreateandeditdrawinggeometrybysnappingtopoints.Adjust

thepointdensityusingtheDensitysliderbarintheflyoutofthePointCloudribbonpanel.

Figure89.

Point

Cloud

density

Tosupportpointcloudfunctionality,AutoCAD2011includesfournewsystemvariables:

POINTCLOUDDENSITYcontrolsthepercentageofpointsdisplayedatonceforallpointcloudsin

thedrawing.

POINTCLOUDRTDENSITYcontrolsthepercentageofpointsdisplayedduringrealtimezoom,pan,

andorbit.


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POINTCLOUDLOCKcontrolswhetherthelockpropertyofthepointcloudissettoYesorNo

whenapointcloudisattached.

POINTCLOUDAUTOUPDATEcontrolswhetherpointcloudsaredynamicallyupdatedwhen

transformingthepointcloudorafterzooming,panning,ororbiting.

LearningResourcesWhenyoustartAutoCAD2011,aWelcomeScreenisautomaticallydisplayed.FromtheWelcomeScreen

youcanlinktoshortvideostolearnaboutkeytopicsinAutoCAD.Additionallinksatthebottomofthe

WelcomeScreenprovideeasyaccesstomorelearningresources,includingWhatsNew,LearningPath,

andAutoCADOnlineHelp.

New Features WorkshopTheNewFeaturesWorkshophasbeenupdatedtoincludeAutoCAD2011functionality.Thisinteractive

learningtoolhelpsyoudiscoverthenewestfunctionalitywithminimaleffort.YoucanaccesstheNew

FeaturesWorkshop

from

the

drop

down

menu

on

the

InfoCenter

toolbar,

to

the

right

of

the

Help

button.

Figure90.Learningtools

Online Help SystemAutoCAD2011includesawebbasedhelpsystem,whichyoucanlaunchfromtheHelpicononthe

InfoCenter.

Figure91.AutoCADhelp

AcontrolontheSystemtaboftheOptionsdialogboxallowsyoutodisabletheonlinehelp.Doingso

displaysalocalversionoftheAutoCADhelpsystem.


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Figure92.SystemtaboftheOptionsdialogbox

AutodeskSeekAutodesk

Seek web service makes it easy to search for building product information and design files from inside

your Autodeskdesign application, as well as enabling you to download directly into your AutoCAD

drawings.

Figure93.Contentpanel


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Figure94.BrowserwindowwithsearchresultsautomaticallyfilteredbyDWG.

More than 1,200 manufacturers and 35,000 products are available on Autodesk Seek. You are likely to find

something you need among over the 100,000 DWGTM

files on Autodesk Seek.

In addition, you can share designs with peers by uploading them directly from your AutoCAD files to the Autodesk

Seek User Uploads. You can easily access the Share with Autodesk Seek button from the Output panel of the tab.

Figure95.SharewithAutodeskSeekontheOutputpanel

You can choose to share the current drawing or select a block definition within the drawing.

Figure96.SharewithAutodeskSeek


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Thumbnails, title, and metadata are automatically extracted and indexed. Shared designs can be searched and

downloaded by anyone.

Figure97.MySeekkeepstrackofallsharedfilesinchronologicalorder

After you log in, you can access My Seek, where you can delete or edit your design. You can also send a link to

others by selecting and clicking on the Send button.

Autodesk,AutoCAD,DWF,Showmotion,SteeringWheels,andViewCubeareregisteredtrademarksortrademarksofAutodesk,

Inc.,and/oritssubsidiariesand/oraffiliatesintheUSAand/orothercountries.Allotherbrandnames,productnames,or

trademarksbelongtotheirrespectiveholders.

2010Autodesk,Inc. Allrightsreserved.

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