Modelagem de SoftwareOrientado a ObjetosParte 3 Anlise de Modelos de Software

tuska@pucsp.brPONTIFCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATLICA DE SO PAULOCURSO DE ESPECIALIZAO EM ENGENHARIA DE SOFTWAREModelagem de SoftwareOrientado a ObjetosProf. Maurcio Nacib Pontuschka

ObjetivosExercitar a elaborao de modelos de software explorando caractersticas sintticas e semnticas nos diagramas da UML.Interpretar modelos diagramados com a UML.Destacar erros de sintaxe e de semntica em diagramas UML mais especificamente em diagramas de casos de uso e diagramas de seqncia de mensagens.Modelagem de Software Orientado a ObjetosAnlise de Modelos de Software

Exerccio 1 Jogo da VelhaAlguns Erros de DiagramaoRestries de RelacionamentosExerccio 2 Forum de NotciasExerccio 3 Jogo SudokuOnde estamos?Modelagem de Software Orientado a ObjetosAnlise de Modelos de Software

Jogo da VelhaO objetivo deste exerccio realizar a modelagem de um software por meio da UML de forma a implementar o mundialmente conhecido Jogo da Velha.Modelagem de Software Orientado a ObjetosAnlise de Modelos de Software

Jogo da VelhaDiagrama de casos de usoModelagem de Software Orientado a ObjetosAnlise de Modelos de Software

Jogo da VelhaDescrio de casos de usoModelagem de Software Orientado a ObjetosAnlise de Modelos de SoftwareMN#: Iniciar novo jogoAtor: JogadorPr-Condies: nenhumaPs-condies: jogo iniciadoFLUXO PRINCIPAL1 O jogador solicita iniciar o jogo2 O sistema apresenta um tablado sem nenhuma marca para o incio do jogo

Jogo da VelhaDescrio de casos de usoModelagem de Software Orientado a ObjetosAnlise de Modelos de SoftwareMN#: Realizar jogadaAtor: JogadorPr-Condies: jogo iniciadoPs-condies: jogada realizadaFLUXO PRINCIPAL1 O jogador seleciona uma posio do tablado2 O sistema verifica se a posio est livre3 Caso a posio esteja livre a marca do jogador (O ou X) ser colocada na posio solicitada.4 O sistema verifica se o jogo terminou. 5 Se no terminou, o sistema alterna a vez do jogador.

Jogo da VelhaDescrio de casos de usoModelagem de Software Orientado a ObjetosAnlise de Modelos de SoftwareFLUXO ALTERNATIVO 13 O sistema solicita outra posio ao jogador e o processo volta ao passo 1 do fluxo principal.FLUXO ALTERNATIVO 24 Se algum jogador alinhou 3 marcas ou no existirem mais posies livres o sistema informa o final do jogo.

Jogo da VelhaModelo ConceitualModelagem de Software Orientado a ObjetosAnlise de Modelos de Software

Jogo da VelhaDiagrama de RobustezModelagem de Software Orientado a ObjetosAnlise de Modelos de Software

Jogo da VelhaDiagrama de RobustezModelagem de Software Orientado a ObjetosAnlise de Modelos de Software

Jogo da VelhaDiagrama de RobustezModelagem de Software Orientado a ObjetosAnlise de Modelos de Software

Jogo da VelhaDiagrama de Seqncia de MensagensModelagem de Software Orientado a ObjetosAnlise de Modelos de Software

Exerccio 1 Jogo da VelhaAlguns erros de DiagramaoRestries de RelacionamentosExerccio 2 Forum de NotciasExerccio 3 Jogo SudokuOnde estamos?Modelagem de Software Orientado a ObjetosAnlise de Modelos de Software

Erro de sincronismo de processos em diagramas de seqncia de mensagensModelagem de Software Orientado a ObjetosAnlise de Modelos de SoftwareT:TelaQual o erro presente no diagrama ao lado?marcar()

Erro de sincronismo de processos em diagramas de seqncia de mensagensModelagem de Software Orientado a ObjetosAnlise de Modelos de SoftwareT:TelaQual o erro presente no diagrama ao lado?O processo marcar() iniciado por outro processo e deve estar aninhado em relao a ele. Note que neste diagrama o processo marcar() termina depois do processo que o chamou.marcar()

Erro de sincronismo de processos em diagramas de seqncia de mensagensModelagem de Software Orientado a ObjetosAnlise de Modelos de SoftwareT:TelaComo resolver o problema?marcar()

Erro de sincronismo de processos em diagramas de seqncia de mensagensModelagem de Software Orientado a ObjetosAnlise de Modelos de SoftwareT:TelaComo resolver o problema?

1) Se o processo marcar() necessariamente deve finalizar aps a finalizao do processo que o chamou, isto significa que a chamada deveria ser assncrona!marcar()

Erro de sincronismo de processos em diagramas de seqncia de mensagensModelagem de Software Orientado a ObjetosAnlise de Modelos de SoftwareT:TelaComo resolver o problema?

2) Normalmente o problema est em definir realmente que o processo marcar() deve terminar antes do processo que o chamou. Portanto devemos prolongar o tempo de execuo do processo que emitiu a mensagem at que todas as mensagens que ele chamou tenham finalizado.marcar()

Erro na especificao de loops ou blocos restritivosModelagem de Software Orientado a ObjetosAnlise de Modelos de SoftwareT:TelaQual o erro presente no diagrama ao lado?

Erro na especificao de loops ou blocos restritivosModelagem de Software Orientado a ObjetosAnlise de Modelos de SoftwareT:TelaQual o erro presente no diagrama ao lado?

Note que o bloco restritivo inicia no meio de um processo que encerrado dentro do prprio bloco. Um processo no pode finalizar vrias vezes!

Erro na especificao de loops ou blocos restritivosModelagem de Software Orientado a ObjetosAnlise de Modelos de SoftwareT:TelaComo resolver o problema?

Erro na especificao de loops ou blocos restritivosModelagem de Software Orientado a ObjetosAnlise de Modelos de SoftwareT:TelaComo resolver o problema?

Devemos garantir que o incio e o trmino do bloco de restrio ou estejam inteiramente dentro de um processo ou os processos estejam inteiramente dentro do bloco.

Erro na especificao de loops ou blocos restritivosModelagem de Software Orientado a ObjetosAnlise de Modelos de SoftwareT:TelaComo resolver o problema?

Devemos garantir que o incio e o trmino do bloco de restrio ou estejam inteiramente dentro de um processo ou os processos estejam inteiramente dentro do bloco.

Erro no retorno de mensagensModelagem de Software Orientado a ObjetosAnlise de Modelos de SoftwareT:TelaQual o erro presente no diagrama ao lado?marcar()T:TracaCirculotracar()ok

Erro no retorno de mensagensModelagem de Software Orientado a ObjetosAnlise de Modelos de SoftwareT:TelaQual o erro presente no diagrama ao lado?

O retorno do processo enviado a outro objeto que no o que enviou a mensagem.marcar()T:TracaCirculotracar()ok

Erro no retorno de mensagensModelagem de Software Orientado a ObjetosAnlise de Modelos de SoftwareT:TelaComo resolver o problema?

O retorno remete a resposta para o objeto que o chamou e este objeto retransmite a mensagem.marcar()T:TracaCirculotracar()okok

Erro no retorno de mensagensModelagem de Software Orientado a ObjetosAnlise de Modelos de SoftwareT:TelaComo resolver o problema?

Outra forma ao invs de enviar a resposta atravs do retorno, envie uma nova mensagem.marcar()T:TracaCirculotracar()ok

Exerccio 1 Jogo da VelhaAlguns Erros de DiagramaoRestries de RelacionamentosExerccio 2 Forum de NotciasExerccio 3 Jogo SudokuOnde estamos?Modelagem de Software Orientado a ObjetosAnlise de Modelos de Software

Semntica em relacionamento de classesModelagem de Software Orientado a ObjetosAnlise de Modelos de SoftwareClasse1Classe2Classe1Classe2Classe1Classe2Classe1Classe2AssociaoAgregaoComposioGeneralizao

Semntica em relacionamento de classesModelagem de Software Orientado a ObjetosAnlise de Modelos de SoftwareEstudanteSecretriaAssociaoAs classes vinculadas por uma associao podem trocar mensagens.

Exemplo:Estudante fala com a Secretria

Semntica em relacionamento de classesModelagem de Software Orientado a ObjetosAnlise de Modelos de SoftwareMeiasGavetaAgregaoUm relacionamento de agregao indica que objetos de uma determinada classe possui objetos de outra classe.

Exemplo:Gaveta possui Meias

Semntica em relacionamento de classesModelagem de Software Orientado a ObjetosAnlise de Modelos de SoftwareAssentoCadeiraComposioUm relacionamento de composio indica que o objetos de uma determinada classe so partes de objetos de uma outra classe.

Exemplo:Assento parte de uma Cadeira

Semntica em relacionamento de classesModelagem de Software Orientado a ObjetosAnlise de Modelos de SoftwarePssaroAnimalGeneralizaoUm relacionamento de generalizao indica uma relao de herana entre classes e especifica que o objetos de uma determinada classe so objetos de uma outra classe.

Exemplo:Pssaro um Animal

Restries em relacionamentosAlm de especificar os relacionamentos, ns podemos especificar restries em relacionamentos.Repare as afirmaes:Uma gaveta pode conter meiasUm menino pode ser mordido por cachorrosComo podemos modelar estas afirmaes? Imaginaremos que o relacionamento entre gaveta e meia seria guardar e de menino com cachorro seria morder.Modelagem de Software Orientado a ObjetosAnlise de Modelos de Software

Restries em relacionamentosModelagem de Software Orientado a ObjetosAnlise de Modelos de SoftwareMeiasGavetaCachorroMenino0..*0..*guardamordidaSe as multiplicidades dos relacionamentos em ambos os casos forem 5, quantas meias eu estaria referenciando? E quantos cachorros?

Os modelos se diferenciam pois no caso das meias estamos querendo modelar cardinalidadeque referencia diretamente ao nmero de meias guardadas e no caso dos cachorros multiplicidade o que referencia o nmero de mordidas e no de cachorros.

Restries em relacionamentosModelagem de Software Orientado a ObjetosAnlise de Modelos de SoftwareMeiasGavetaCachorroMenino55guardamordidaNo caso das meias, o nmero de meias o prprio nmero de relacionamentos, no caso do cachorro, o nmero de cachorros pode ser menor ou igual ao nmero de relacionamentos (mordidas).As restries de relacionamento que podemos utilizar para expressar estes tipos de relacionamento so: SET e BAG.

Restries em relacionamentosModelagem de Software Orientado a ObjetosAnlise de Modelos de SoftwareMeiasGavetaCachorroMenino55guarda{set}mordida{bag}SET: Indica conjunto e portanto no admite mais de um relacionamento com um mesmo objeto.

BAG: Indica irrestrio, isto , nada se diz a respeito do nmero de objetos. possvel que todas as mordidas tenham sido provenientes de um mesmo cachorro.

Exerccio 1 Jogo da VelhaAlguns Erros de DiagramaoRestries em RelacionamentosExerccio 2 Forum de NotciasExerccio 3 Jogo SudokuOnde estamos?Modelagem de Software Orientado a ObjetosAnlise de Modelos de Software

Forum de NotciasElabore um frum de notcias de forma que seja possvel um usurio cadastrar questes, consultar as questes, responder questes e consultar respostas.Modelagem de Software Orientado a ObjetosAnlise de Modelos de Software

Exerccio 1 Jogo da VelhaExerccio 2 Forum de NotciasExerccio 3 Jogo SudokuOnde estamos?Modelagem de Software Orientado a ObjetosAnlise de Modelos de Software

Jogo SudokuO jogo Sudoku trata-se de uma matriz 9X9 em que alguns nmeros so dispostos como um enunciado.O jogador deve posicionar nmeros de 1 a 9 nesta matriz de forma que em nenhuma linha, coluna ou quadrantes da matriz sejam alocados numeros repetidos.Um quadrante uma parte da matriz geral e possui as dimenses 3X3. Existem 9 quadrantes no sobrepostos nesta matriz.Modelagem de Software Orientado a ObjetosAnlise de Modelos de Software

Jogo SudokuModelagem de Software Orientado a ObjetosAnlise de Modelos de SoftwareQuadranteCasaLinhaColuna

Dvidas?Modelagem de Software Orientado a ObjetosAnlise de Modelos de Software

Introduce the objectives for this module.The goal of this section is to introduce communication diagrams.A communication diagram shows how objects interact to perform the behavior of a particular use case or a part of a use case. Like sequence diagrams, communication diagrams are used by designers to define and clarify the roles of the objects that perform a particular flow of events of a use case. They are the primary source of information used to determine class responsibilities and interfaces.Because of the communication diagrams format, they tend to be better suited for analysis activities. Specifically, they tend to be better suited to depict simpler interactions of a smaller number of objects. As the number of objects and messages grows, the diagram becomes increasingly hard to read. It is also difficult to show additional descriptive information like timing, decision points, or other unstructured information that can be easily added to the notes in a sequence diagram.

Unlike sequence diagrams, communication diagrams emphasize the organization of the objects. Sequence diagrams, on the other hand, emphasize the time ordering of the messages.A communication diagram shows how objects interact to perform the behavior of a particular use case or a part of a use case. Like sequence diagrams, communication diagrams are used by designers to define and clarify the roles of the objects that perform a particular flow of events of a use case. They are the primary source of information used to determine class responsibilities and interfaces.Because of the communication diagrams format, they tend to be better suited for analysis activities. Specifically, they tend to be better suited to depict simpler interactions of a smaller number of objects. As the number of objects and messages grows, the diagram becomes increasingly hard to read. It is also difficult to show additional descriptive information like timing, decision points, or other unstructured information that can be easily added to the notes in a sequence diagram.

Unlike sequence diagrams, communication diagrams emphasize the organization of the objects. Sequence diagrams, on the other hand, emphasize the time ordering of the messages.A communication diagram shows how objects interact to perform the behavior of a particular use case or a part of a use case. Like sequence diagrams, communication diagrams are used by designers to define and clarify the roles of the objects that perform a particular flow of events of a use case. They are the primary source of information used to determine class responsibilities and interfaces.Because of the communication diagrams format, they tend to be better suited for analysis activities. Specifically, they tend to be better suited to depict simpler interactions of a smaller number of objects. As the number of objects and messages grows, the diagram becomes increasingly hard to read. It is also difficult to show additional descriptive information like timing, decision points, or other unstructured information that can be easily added to the notes in a sequence diagram.

Unlike sequence diagrams, communication diagrams emphasize the organization of the objects. Sequence diagrams, on the other hand, emphasize the time ordering of the messages.A communication diagram shows how objects interact to perform the behavior of a particular use case or a part of a use case. Like sequence diagrams, communication diagrams are used by designers to define and clarify the roles of the objects that perform a particular flow of events of a use case. They are the primary source of information used to determine class responsibilities and interfaces.Because of the communication diagrams format, they tend to be better suited for analysis activities. Specifically, they tend to be better suited to depict simpler interactions of a smaller number of objects. As the number of objects and messages grows, the diagram becomes increasingly hard to read. It is also difficult to show additional descriptive information like timing, decision points, or other unstructured information that can be easily added to the notes in a sequence diagram.

Unlike sequence diagrams, communication diagrams emphasize the organization of the objects. Sequence diagrams, on the other hand, emphasize the time ordering of the messages.A communication diagram shows how objects interact to perform the behavior of a particular use case or a part of a use case. Like sequence diagrams, communication diagrams are used by designers to define and clarify the roles of the objects that perform a particular flow of events of a use case. They are the primary source of information used to determine class responsibilities and interfaces.Because of the communication diagrams format, they tend to be better suited for analysis activities. Specifically, they tend to be better suited to depict simpler interactions of a smaller number of objects. As the number of objects and messages grows, the diagram becomes increasingly hard to read. It is also difficult to show additional descriptive information like timing, decision points, or other unstructured information that can be easily added to the notes in a sequence diagram.

Unlike sequence diagrams, communication diagrams emphasize the organization of the objects. Sequence diagrams, on the other hand, emphasize the time ordering of the messages.A communication diagram shows how objects interact to perform the behavior of a particular use case or a part of a use case. Like sequence diagrams, communication diagrams are used by designers to define and clarify the roles of the objects that perform a particular flow of events of a use case. They are the primary source of information used to determine class responsibilities and interfaces.Because of the communication diagrams format, they tend to be better suited for analysis activities. Specifically, they tend to be better suited to depict simpler interactions of a smaller number of objects. As the number of objects and messages grows, the diagram becomes increasingly hard to read. It is also difficult to show additional descriptive information like timing, decision points, or other unstructured information that can be easily added to the notes in a sequence diagram.

Unlike sequence diagrams, communication diagrams emphasize the organization of the objects. Sequence diagrams, on the other hand, emphasize the time ordering of the messages.A communication diagram shows how objects interact to perform the behavior of a particular use case or a part of a use case. Like sequence diagrams, communication diagrams are used by designers to define and clarify the roles of the objects that perform a particular flow of events of a use case. They are the primary source of information used to determine class responsibilities and interfaces.Because of the communication diagrams format, they tend to be better suited for analysis activities. Specifically, they tend to be better suited to depict simpler interactions of a smaller number of objects. As the number of objects and messages grows, the diagram becomes increasingly hard to read. It is also difficult to show additional descriptive information like timing, decision points, or other unstructured information that can be easily added to the notes in a sequence diagram.

Unlike sequence diagrams, communication diagrams emphasize the organization of the objects. Sequence diagrams, on the other hand, emphasize the time ordering of the messages.A communication diagram shows how objects interact to perform the behavior of a particular use case or a part of a use case. Like sequence diagrams, communication diagrams are used by designers to define and clarify the roles of the objects that perform a particular flow of events of a use case. They are the primary source of information used to determine class responsibilities and interfaces.Because of the communication diagrams format, they tend to be better suited for analysis activities. Specifically, they tend to be better suited to depict simpler interactions of a smaller number of objects. As the number of objects and messages grows, the diagram becomes increasingly hard to read. It is also difficult to show additional descriptive information like timing, decision points, or other unstructured information that can be easily added to the notes in a sequence diagram.

Unlike sequence diagrams, communication diagrams emphasize the organization of the objects. Sequence diagrams, on the other hand, emphasize the time ordering of the messages.A communication diagram shows how objects interact to perform the behavior of a particular use case or a part of a use case. Like sequence diagrams, communication diagrams are used by designers to define and clarify the roles of the objects that perform a particular flow of events of a use case. They are the primary source of information used to determine class responsibilities and interfaces.Because of the communication diagrams format, they tend to be better suited for analysis activities. Specifically, they tend to be better suited to depict simpler interactions of a smaller number of objects. As the number of objects and messages grows, the diagram becomes increasingly hard to read. It is also difficult to show additional descriptive information like timing, decision points, or other unstructured information that can be easily added to the notes in a sequence diagram.

Unlike sequence diagrams, communication diagrams emphasize the organization of the objects. Sequence diagrams, on the other hand, emphasize the time ordering of the messages.A communication diagram shows how objects interact to perform the behavior of a particular use case or a part of a use case. Like sequence diagrams, communication diagrams are used by designers to define and clarify the roles of the objects that perform a particular flow of events of a use case. They are the primary source of information used to determine class responsibilities and interfaces.Because of the communication diagrams format, they tend to be better suited for analysis activities. Specifically, they tend to be better suited to depict simpler interactions of a smaller number of objects. As the number of objects and messages grows, the diagram becomes increasingly hard to read. It is also difficult to show additional descriptive information like timing, decision points, or other unstructured information that can be easily added to the notes in a sequence diagram.

Unlike sequence diagrams, communication diagrams emphasize the organization of the objects. Sequence diagrams, on the other hand, emphasize the time ordering of the messages.The goal of this section is to introduce communication diagrams.A communication diagram shows how objects interact to perform the behavior of a particular use case or a part of a use case. Like sequence diagrams, communication diagrams are used by designers to define and clarify the roles of the objects that perform a particular flow of events of a use case. They are the primary source of information used to determine class responsibilities and interfaces.Because of the communication diagrams format, they tend to be better suited for analysis activities. Specifically, they tend to be better suited to depict simpler interactions of a smaller number of objects. As the number of objects and messages grows, the diagram becomes increasingly hard to read. It is also difficult to show additional descriptive information like timing, decision points, or other unstructured information that can be easily added to the notes in a sequence diagram.

Unlike sequence diagrams, communication diagrams emphasize the organization of the objects. Sequence diagrams, on the other hand, emphasize the time ordering of the messages.A communication diagram shows how objects interact to perform the behavior of a particular use case or a part of a use case. Like sequence diagrams, communication diagrams are used by designers to define and clarify the roles of the objects that perform a particular flow of events of a use case. They are the primary source of information used to determine class responsibilities and interfaces.Because of the communication diagrams format, they tend to be better suited for analysis activities. Specifically, they tend to be better suited to depict simpler interactions of a smaller number of objects. As the number of objects and messages grows, the diagram becomes increasingly hard to read. It is also difficult to show additional descriptive information like timing, decision points, or other unstructured information that can be easily added to the notes in a sequence diagram.

Unlike sequence diagrams, communication diagrams emphasize the organization of the objects. Sequence diagrams, on the other hand, emphasize the time ordering of the messages.A communication diagram shows how objects interact to perform the behavior of a particular use case or a part of a use case. Like sequence diagrams, communication diagrams are used by designers to define and clarify the roles of the objects that perform a particular flow of events of a use case. They are the primary source of information used to determine class responsibilities and interfaces.Because of the communication diagrams format, they tend to be better suited for analysis activities. Specifically, they tend to be better suited to depict simpler interactions of a smaller number of objects. As the number of objects and messages grows, the diagram becomes increasingly hard to read. It is also difficult to show additional descriptive information like timing, decision points, or other unstructured information that can be easily added to the notes in a sequence diagram.

Unlike sequence diagrams, communication diagrams emphasize the organization of the objects. Sequence diagrams, on the other hand, emphasize the time ordering of the messages.A communication diagram shows how objects interact to perform the behavior of a particular use case or a part of a use case. Like sequence diagrams, communication diagrams are used by designers to define and clarify the roles of the objects that perform a particular flow of events of a use case. They are the primary source of information used to determine class responsibilities and interfaces.Because of the communication diagrams format, they tend to be better suited for analysis activities. Specifically, they tend to be better suited to depict simpler interactions of a smaller number of objects. As the number of objects and messages grows, the diagram becomes increasingly hard to read. It is also difficult to show additional descriptive information like timing, decision points, or other unstructured information that can be easily added to the notes in a sequence diagram.

Unlike sequence diagrams, communication diagrams emphasize the organization of the objects. Sequence diagrams, on the other hand, emphasize the time ordering of the messages.A communication diagram shows how objects interact to perform the behavior of a particular use case or a part of a use case. Like sequence diagrams, communication diagrams are used by designers to define and clarify the roles of the objects that perform a particular flow of events of a use case. They are the primary source of information used to determine class responsibilities and interfaces.Because of the communication diagrams format, they tend to be better suited for analysis activities. Specifically, they tend to be better suited to depict simpler interactions of a smaller number of objects. As the number of objects and messages grows, the diagram becomes increasingly hard to read. It is also difficult to show additional descriptive information like timing, decision points, or other unstructured information that can be easily added to the notes in a sequence diagram.

Unlike sequence diagrams, communication diagrams emphasize the organization of the objects. Sequence diagrams, on the other hand, emphasize the time ordering of the messages.A communication diagram shows how objects interact to perform the behavior of a particular use case or a part of a use case. Like sequence diagrams, communication diagrams are used by designers to define and clarify the roles of the objects that perform a particular flow of events of a use case. They are the primary source of information used to determine class responsibilities and interfaces.Because of the communication diagrams format, they tend to be better suited for analysis activities. Specifically, they tend to be better suited to depict simpler interactions of a smaller number of objects. As the number of objects and messages grows, the diagram becomes increasingly hard to read. It is also difficult to show additional descriptive information like timing, decision points, or other unstructured information that can be easily added to the notes in a sequence diagram.

Unlike sequence diagrams, communication diagrams emphasize the organization of the objects. Sequence diagrams, on the other hand, emphasize the time ordering of the messages.A communication diagram shows how objects interact to perform the behavior of a particular use case or a part of a use case. Like sequence diagrams, communication diagrams are used by designers to define and clarify the roles of the objects that perform a particular flow of events of a use case. They are the primary source of information used to determine class responsibilities and interfaces.Because of the communication diagrams format, they tend to be better suited for analysis activities. Specifically, they tend to be better suited to depict simpler interactions of a smaller number of objects. As the number of objects and messages grows, the diagram becomes increasingly hard to read. It is also difficult to show additional descriptive information like timing, decision points, or other unstructured information that can be easily added to the notes in a sequence diagram.

Unlike sequence diagrams, communication diagrams emphasize the organization of the objects. Sequence diagrams, on the other hand, emphasize the time ordering of the messages.A communication diagram shows how objects interact to perform the behavior of a particular use case or a part of a use case. Like sequence diagrams, communication diagrams are used by designers to define and clarify the roles of the objects that perform a particular flow of events of a use case. They are the primary source of information used to determine class responsibilities and interfaces.Because of the communication diagrams format, they tend to be better suited for analysis activities. Specifically, they tend to be better suited to depict simpler interactions of a smaller number of objects. As the number of objects and messages grows, the diagram becomes increasingly hard to read. It is also difficult to show additional descriptive information like timing, decision points, or other unstructured information that can be easily added to the notes in a sequence diagram.

Unlike sequence diagrams, communication diagrams emphasize the organization of the objects. Sequence diagrams, on the other hand, emphasize the time ordering of the messages.A communication diagram shows how objects interact to perform the behavior of a particular use case or a part of a use case. Like sequence diagrams, communication diagrams are used by designers to define and clarify the roles of the objects that perform a particular flow of events of a use case. They are the primary source of information used to determine class responsibilities and interfaces.Because of the communication diagrams format, they tend to be better suited for analysis activities. Specifically, they tend to be better suited to depict simpler interactions of a smaller number of objects. As the number of objects and messages grows, the diagram becomes increasingly hard to read. It is also difficult to show additional descriptive information like timing, decision points, or other unstructured information that can be easily added to the notes in a sequence diagram.

Unlike sequence diagrams, communication diagrams emphasize the organization of the objects. Sequence diagrams, on the other hand, emphasize the time ordering of the messages.A communication diagram shows how objects interact to perform the behavior of a particular use case or a part of a use case. Like sequence diagrams, communication diagrams are used by designers to define and clarify the roles of the objects that perform a particular flow of events of a use case. They are the primary source of information used to determine class responsibilities and interfaces.Because of the communication diagrams format, they tend to be better suited for analysis activities. Specifically, they tend to be better suited to depict simpler interactions of a smaller number of objects. As the number of objects and messages grows, the diagram becomes increasingly hard to read. It is also difficult to show additional descriptive information like timing, decision points, or other unstructured information that can be easily added to the notes in a sequence diagram.

Unlike sequence diagrams, communication diagrams emphasize the organization of the objects. Sequence diagrams, on the other hand, emphasize the time ordering of the messages.A communication diagram shows how objects interact to perform the behavior of a particular use case or a part of a use case. Like sequence diagrams, communication diagrams are used by designers to define and clarify the roles of the objects that perform a particular flow of events of a use case. They are the primary source of information used to determine class responsibilities and interfaces.Because of the communication diagrams format, they tend to be better suited for analysis activities. Specifically, they tend to be better suited to depict simpler interactions of a smaller number of objects. As the number of objects and messages grows, the diagram becomes increasingly hard to read. It is also difficult to show additional descriptive information like timing, decision points, or other unstructured information that can be easily added to the notes in a sequence diagram.

Unlike sequence diagrams, communication diagrams emphasize the organization of the objects. Sequence diagrams, on the other hand, emphasize the time ordering of the messages.A communication diagram shows how objects interact to perform the behavior of a particular use case or a part of a use case. Like sequence diagrams, communication diagrams are used by designers to define and clarify the roles of the objects that perform a particular flow of events of a use case. They are the primary source of information used to determine class responsibilities and interfaces.Because of the communication diagrams format, they tend to be better suited for analysis activities. Specifically, they tend to be better suited to depict simpler interactions of a smaller number of objects. As the number of objects and messages grows, the diagram becomes increasingly hard to read. It is also difficult to show additional descriptive information like timing, decision points, or other unstructured information that can be easily added to the notes in a sequence diagram.

Unlike sequence diagrams, communication diagrams emphasize the organization of the objects. Sequence diagrams, on the other hand, emphasize the time ordering of the messages.A communication diagram shows how objects interact to perform the behavior of a particular use case or a part of a use case. Like sequence diagrams, communication diagrams are used by designers to define and clarify the roles of the objects that perform a particular flow of events of a use case. They are the primary source of information used to determine class responsibilities and interfaces.Because of the communication diagrams format, they tend to be better suited for analysis activities. Specifically, they tend to be better suited to depict simpler interactions of a smaller number of objects. As the number of objects and messages grows, the diagram becomes increasingly hard to read. It is also difficult to show additional descriptive information like timing, decision points, or other unstructured information that can be easily added to the notes in a sequence diagram.

Unlike sequence diagrams, communication diagrams emphasize the organization of the objects. Sequence diagrams, on the other hand, emphasize the time ordering of the messages.A communication diagram shows how objects interact to perform the behavior of a particular use case or a part of a use case. Like sequence diagrams, communication diagrams are used by designers to define and clarify the roles of the objects that perform a particular flow of events of a use case. They are the primary source of information used to determine class responsibilities and interfaces.Because of the communication diagrams format, they tend to be better suited for analysis activities. Specifically, they tend to be better suited to depict simpler interactions of a smaller number of objects. As the number of objects and messages grows, the diagram becomes increasingly hard to read. It is also difficult to show additional descriptive information like timing, decision points, or other unstructured information that can be easily added to the notes in a sequence diagram.

Unlike sequence diagrams, communication diagrams emphasize the organization of the objects. Sequence diagrams, on the other hand, emphasize the time ordering of the messages.The goal of this section is to introduce communication diagrams.A communication diagram shows how objects interact to perform the behavior of a particular use case or a part of a use case. Like sequence diagrams, communication diagrams are used by designers to define and clarify the roles of the objects that perform a particular flow of events of a use case. They are the primary source of information used to determine class responsibilities and interfaces.Because of the communication diagrams format, they tend to be better suited for analysis activities. Specifically, they tend to be better suited to depict simpler interactions of a smaller number of objects. As the number of objects and messages grows, the diagram becomes increasingly hard to read. It is also difficult to show additional descriptive information like timing, decision points, or other unstructured information that can be easily added to the notes in a sequence diagram.

Unlike sequence diagrams, communication diagrams emphasize the organization of the objects. Sequence diagrams, on the other hand, emphasize the time ordering of the messages.A communication diagram shows how objects interact to perform the behavior of a particular use case or a part of a use case. Like sequence diagrams, communication diagrams are used by designers to define and clarify the roles of the objects that perform a particular flow of events of a use case. They are the primary source of information used to determine class responsibilities and interfaces.Because of the communication diagrams format, they tend to be better suited for analysis activities. Specifically, they tend to be better suited to depict simpler interactions of a smaller number of objects. As the number of objects and messages grows, the diagram becomes increasingly hard to read. It is also difficult to show additional descriptive information like timing, decision points, or other unstructured information that can be easily added to the notes in a sequence diagram.

Unlike sequence diagrams, communication diagrams emphasize the organization of the objects. Sequence diagrams, on the other hand, emphasize the time ordering of the messages.A communication diagram shows how objects interact to perform the behavior of a particular use case or a part of a use case. Like sequence diagrams, communication diagrams are used by designers to define and clarify the roles of the objects that perform a particular flow of events of a use case. They are the primary source of information used to determine class responsibilities and interfaces.Because of the communication diagrams format, they tend to be better suited for analysis activities. Specifically, they tend to be better suited to depict simpler interactions of a smaller number of objects. As the number of objects and messages grows, the diagram becomes increasingly hard to read. It is also difficult to show additional descriptive information like timing, decision points, or other unstructured information that can be easily added to the notes in a sequence diagram.

Unlike sequence diagrams, communication diagrams emphasize the organization of the objects. Sequence diagrams, on the other hand, emphasize the time ordering of the messages.A communication diagram shows how objects interact to perform the behavior of a particular use case or a part of a use case. Like sequence diagrams, communication diagrams are used by designers to define and clarify the roles of the objects that perform a particular flow of events of a use case. They are the primary source of information used to determine class responsibilities and interfaces.Because of the communication diagrams format, they tend to be better suited for analysis activities. Specifically, they tend to be better suited to depict simpler interactions of a smaller number of objects. As the number of objects and messages grows, the diagram becomes increasingly hard to read. It is also difficult to show additional descriptive information like timing, decision points, or other unstructured information that can be easily added to the notes in a sequence diagram.

Unlike sequence diagrams, communication diagrams emphasize the organization of the objects. Sequence diagrams, on the other hand, emphasize the time ordering of the messages.A communication diagram shows how objects interact to perform the behavior of a particular use case or a part of a use case. Like sequence diagrams, communication diagrams are used by designers to define and clarify the roles of the objects that perform a particular flow of events of a use case. They are the primary source of information used to determine class responsibilities and interfaces.Because of the communication diagrams format, they tend to be better suited for analysis activities. Specifically, they tend to be better suited to depict simpler interactions of a smaller number of objects. As the number of objects and messages grows, the diagram becomes increasingly hard to read. It is also difficult to show additional descriptive information like timing, decision points, or other unstructured information that can be easily added to the notes in a sequence diagram.

Unlike sequence diagrams, communication diagrams emphasize the organization of the objects. Sequence diagrams, on the other hand, emphasize the time ordering of the messages.A communication diagram shows how objects interact to perform the behavior of a particular use case or a part of a use case. Like sequence diagrams, communication diagrams are used by designers to define and clarify the roles of the objects that perform a particular flow of events of a use case. They are the primary source of information used to determine class responsibilities and interfaces.Because of the communication diagrams format, they tend to be better suited for analysis activities. Specifically, they tend to be better suited to depict simpler interactions of a smaller number of objects. As the number of objects and messages grows, the diagram becomes increasingly hard to read. It is also difficult to show additional descriptive information like timing, decision points, or other unstructured information that can be easily added to the notes in a sequence diagram.

Unlike sequence diagrams, communication diagrams emphasize the organization of the objects. Sequence diagrams, on the other hand, emphasize the time ordering of the messages.A communication diagram shows how objects interact to perform the behavior of a particular use case or a part of a use case. Like sequence diagrams, communication diagrams are used by designers to define and clarify the roles of the objects that perform a particular flow of events of a use case. They are the primary source of information used to determine class responsibilities and interfaces.Because of the communication diagrams format, they tend to be better suited for analysis activities. Specifically, they tend to be better suited to depict simpler interactions of a smaller number of objects. As the number of objects and messages grows, the diagram becomes increasingly hard to read. It is also difficult to show additional descriptive information like timing, decision points, or other unstructured information that can be easily added to the notes in a sequence diagram.

Unlike sequence diagrams, communication diagrams emphasize the organization of the objects. Sequence diagrams, on the other hand, emphasize the time ordering of the messages.A communication diagram shows how objects interact to perform the behavior of a particular use case or a part of a use case. Like sequence diagrams, communication diagrams are used by designers to define and clarify the roles of the objects that perform a particular flow of events of a use case. They are the primary source of information used to determine class responsibilities and interfaces.Because of the communication diagrams format, they tend to be better suited for analysis activities. Specifically, they tend to be better suited to depict simpler interactions of a smaller number of objects. As the number of objects and messages grows, the diagram becomes increasingly hard to read. It is also difficult to show additional descriptive information like timing, decision points, or other unstructured information that can be easily added to the notes in a sequence diagram.

Unlike sequence diagrams, communication diagrams emphasize the organization of the objects. Sequence diagrams, on the other hand, emphasize the time ordering of the messages.A communication diagram shows how objects interact to perform the behavior of a particular use case or a part of a use case. Like sequence diagrams, communication diagrams are used by designers to define and clarify the roles of the objects that perform a particular flow of events of a use case. They are the primary source of information used to determine class responsibilities and interfaces.Because of the communication diagrams format, they tend to be better suited for analysis activities. Specifically, they tend to be better suited to depict simpler interactions of a smaller number of objects. As the number of objects and messages grows, the diagram becomes increasingly hard to read. It is also difficult to show additional descriptive information like timing, decision points, or other unstructured information that can be easily added to the notes in a sequence diagram.

Unlike sequence diagrams, communication diagrams emphasize the organization of the objects. Sequence diagrams, on the other hand, emphasize the time ordering of the messages.The goal of this section is to introduce communication diagrams.A communication diagram shows how objects interact to perform the behavior of a particular use case or a part of a use case. Like sequence diagrams, communication diagrams are used by designers to define and clarify the roles of the objects that perform a particular flow of events of a use case. They are the primary source of information used to determine class responsibilities and interfaces.Because of the communication diagrams format, they tend to be better suited for analysis activities. Specifically, they tend to be better suited to depict simpler interactions of a smaller number of objects. As the number of objects and messages grows, the diagram becomes increasingly hard to read. It is also difficult to show additional descriptive information like timing, decision points, or other unstructured information that can be easily added to the notes in a sequence diagram.

Unlike sequence diagrams, communication diagrams emphasize the organization of the objects. Sequence diagrams, on the other hand, emphasize the time ordering of the messages.The goal of this section is to introduce communication diagrams.A communication diagram shows how objects interact to perform the behavior of a particular use case or a part of a use case. Like sequence diagrams, communication diagrams are used by designers to define and clarify the roles of the objects that perform a particular flow of events of a use case. They are the primary source of information used to determine class responsibilities and interfaces.Because of the communication diagrams format, they tend to be better suited for analysis activities. Specifically, they tend to be better suited to depict simpler interactions of a smaller number of objects. As the number of objects and messages grows, the diagram becomes increasingly hard to read. It is also difficult to show additional descriptive information like timing, decision points, or other unstructured information that can be easily added to the notes in a sequence diagram.

Unlike sequence diagrams, communication diagrams emphasize the organization of the objects. Sequence diagrams, on the other hand, emphasize the time ordering of the messages.A communication diagram shows how objects interact to perform the behavior of a particular use case or a part of a use case. Like sequence diagrams, communication diagrams are used by designers to define and clarify the roles of the objects that perform a particular flow of events of a use case. They are the primary source of information used to determine class responsibilities and interfaces.Because of the communication diagrams format, they tend to be better suited for analysis activities. Specifically, they tend to be better suited to depict simpler interactions of a smaller number of objects. As the number of objects and messages grows, the diagram becomes increasingly hard to read. It is also difficult to show additional descriptive information like timing, decision points, or other unstructured information that can be easily added to the notes in a sequence diagram.

Unlike sequence diagrams, communication diagrams emphasize the organization of the objects. Sequence diagrams, on the other hand, emphasize the time ordering of the messages.