CIA Biomecanica 2013

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    Prof. Msc. Ewertton Bezerra

    Biomecnica na prescrio

    do exerccio: perspectivas

    baseadas em evidncias

    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO AMAZONASFACULDADE DE EDUCAO FSICA E FISIOTERAPIA

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    1. Quais suas principais preocupaes?

    2. Quais suas expectativas?

    Reflexo

    Responda em uma folha de papel

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    O QUE VOC DEVE LER...

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    www.ms-se.comwww.nsca-lift.org

    ONDE BUSCAR A CINCIA DABIOMECNICA DO EXERCCIO DE FORA?

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    COMO VOC

    ESCOLHE O

    EXERCCIOPARA O SEU

    CLIENTE?

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    Escolha

    do

    tipo

    exerccio

    Avaliao

    Funcional

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    FATORES DETERMINANTES PARA ESCOLHA

    CSA

    Conforto

    Exerccio

    Segurana

    Ao

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    FATORES DETERMINANTES PARA ESCOLHA

    1. Conforto

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    ATIVIDADE ELETROMIOGRFICA EM FUNO DO

    ENCOSTO DO BANCO

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    FATORES DETERMINANTES PARA ESCOLHA

    2. Segurana

    > projeo do mero> estresse capsular

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    FATORES DETERMINANTES PARA ESCOLHA

    3. Ao

    1.Agonista;2.Antagonista;3. Sinergista4. Estabilizador

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    QUEM QUEM NO EXERCCIO?Cinesiolgica

    1. Agonista;Bceps braquial, braquial

    2. Antagonista;Trceps braquial

    3. Sinergista

    Braquioradial

    4. Estabilizador

    Core

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    QUEM QUEM NO EXERCCIO?Biomecnica

    1. Agonista;Braquial

    2. Antagonista;

    Gravidade, Trceps braquial

    3. Sinergista

    Bceps braquial,

    4. EstabilizadorEsp: coracobraquial

    Geral: Core

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    Anatomia

    Cinesiologia

    Escolha

    do

    tipo

    exerccio

    Avaliao

    Funcional

    Biomecnica

    Treinamento

    de Fora

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    Intervalo

    Volume

    Escolha

    do

    tipo

    exerccio

    Frequncia

    Exerccio

    Ordem do

    Exerccio

    Intensidade

    Periodizao

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    Pr-alongamento:Energia Elstica

    PONTOS IMPORTANTES

    Carga Elevada

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    PONTOS IMPORTANTES

    Encurtamento:Insuficincia Ativa

    > Tenso > UmsCarga BAIXA > fadiga

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    PONTOS IMPORTANTES

    Cadeia Aberta x Fechada

    Mudanas no ponto de tenso

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    DIVISO DO EXERCCIO

    Como decidir:

    1. Segmento;2. Articulao3. Poro

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    DIVISO DO EXERCCIO

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    Fazendo as distines!!!National Strength and Conditioning AssociationVolume 26, Number 6, pages 3437

    Tronco-Coluna-Estabilizadores

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    Mostrando os detalhes!!!

    National Strength and Conditioning AssociationVolume 26, Number 6, pages 3437

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    Estabilizadores

    Locais

    Distino entre os exerccios:

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    Estabilizadores

    Globais

    Distino entre os exerccios:

    ANTERIOR

    POSTERIOR

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    Quem quem?

    MS-Ombro-Estabilizadores

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    MS-Ombro-Estabilizadores

    RI RE

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    A ESCOLHA DO

    EXERCCIO

    EST BASEADAEM?

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    NOVO CONCEITO

    PRTICA BASEADA EM EVIDNCIAS

    Fora e condicionamento baseada

    em evidncias uma abordagemsistemtica para a formao de atletase clientes baseada na melhorevidncia atual dos artigos depesquisa e raciocnio profissional.''

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    PRTICA BASEADA EM EVIDNCIASPasso Tarefa Descrio

    1 Desenvolver a questo Especificamente definir a Populao, Interveno,Comparao, Resultados e Tempo (PICOT)Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome,Time

    2 Evidncias Pesquisa artigos de reviso; discutir com outrostreinadores e acadmicos

    3 Avaliar a evidncia Pesa-se a evidncia de acordo com a suareprodutibilidade e potencial de vis

    4 Incorporar a prova

    prtica

    Deciso deve basear-se na fora de pesquisa

    disponvel atleta de provas ou cliente preferncias,restries oramentais e julgamento profissional

    5 Reavaliar as evidncias Fique a par da literatura atual para assegurar queas prticas esto alinhadas com as recentes

    descobertas cientficas

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    EXEMPLO BASEADO EM EVIDNCIAS

    Um programa de treinamento de resistnciarealizado com 3 sries por exerccio para

    membros superiores superior ao realizadocom 1 srie por exerccio quando aplicado

    entre 8 e 12 semanas para melhorar do

    desempenho mximo no teste de 1 RM noagachamento em mulheres saudveis no

    treinados?

    GERAL

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    EXEMPLO BASEADO EM EVIDNCIAS

    As modificaes da posio do p (rot. Int;rot. Ext e Neutra) no exerccio panturrilha emp ocasiona mudanas na atividade musculardo grupo muscular trceps sural em diferentes

    pblicos?

    EXERCCIO COMO FOCO

    PICOT

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    Como entender o movimento!

    FATORES DETERMINANTES PARA ESCOLHA

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    FATORES DETERMINANTES PARA ESCOLHA

    3. Ao

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    COMO

    FORTALECER A

    MUSCULATURA

    ESTABILIZADORA?

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    ALTERNATIVAS

    PRTICAS

    PARA OS

    ROTADORES

    TOWNSEND et al. (1991)

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    7271

    69

    62 62

    55

    60

    65

    70

    75

    Abduo no plano da escpula IR

    Abduo no plano da escpula ER

    Flexo

    Desenvolvimento

    Abduo

    Pico de atividade (% da CVM)

    EMG do DELTIDE

    TOWNSEND et al. (1991)

    93 92 88

    71

    0

    30

    60

    90

    Abduo Horizontal IR

    Abduo Horizontal ER

    Remada

    Extenso

    anterior posterior

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    Morey J. Kolber and Kristina S. BeekhuizenJason Lantz, NSCA, 31 (2), 38-40, 2009

    SUPRAESPINHOSO

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    DELTODE

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    Variaes

    Estas adaptaes no

    mudam a ao muscular,

    porm diminuem a

    sobrecarga na coluna

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    A INCLINAO DO

    BANCO MODIFICA A

    AO MUSCULAR?

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    Objetivo: This study compared the activation of the clavicular head and the

    sternocostal head of the pectoralis major and the anterior deltoid when performing the

    bench press at several different angles.

    Metodologia: Fifteen healthy male subjects participated in this study. Subjects

    performed the chest press exercise at 0 (flat bench), 28, 44, and 56 above

    horizontal using 70% of their respective 1 repetition maximum for each angle. Five

    repetitions. Electromyography (EMG) activity of the clavicular and sternocostal

    heads of the pectoralis major along with the anterior deltoid.

    J Strength Cond Res 24(7): 19251930, 2010

    Trebs, AA, Brandenburg, JP, and Pitney, WA. An electromyography analysis of 3 muscles surrounding

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    Trebs, AA, Brandenburg, JP, and Pitney, WA. An electromyography analysis of 3 muscles surroundingthe shoulder joint during the performance of a chest press exercise at several angles. J Strength CondRes 24(7): 19251930, 2010

    Teste de fora mxima

    Deltode Anterior

    Trebs, AA, Brandenburg, JP, and Pitney, WA. An electromyography analysis of 3 muscles surrounding

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    Trebs, AA, Brandenburg, JP, and Pitney, WA. An electromyography analysis of 3 muscles surroundingthe shoulder joint during the performance of a chest press exercise at several angles. J Strength CondRes 24(7): 19251930, 2010

    Peitoral (clavicular) Peitoral (esternal)

    Aplicaes prticas: The flat or horizontal bench position preferentially targets the sternocostalhead (commonly referred to as the lower part of pectoralis major), whereas an inclined positionof approximately 44 is required to effectively recruit the clavicular head (commonly referred to asthe upper part of pectoralis major) and the anterior deltoid

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    Agora vamos

    pensar na

    largura da

    pegada e dos

    ps

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    Poro Esternaldo PM

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    Deltode Anterior

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    Objetivo: Verificar o efeito dasdiferentes larguras de base naatividade EMG em diferentes msculosdo MI durante agachamento

    Concluso: As diferentes larguras debase no alteram a atividade EMG nosdiferentes msculos do MI duranteagachamento.

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    Objetivo: Quantificar as foras e aes musculares quandoda realizao do agachamento e do leg press em diferentestcnicas

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    Resultados:

    O agachamento mais efetivo no desenvolvimento dafora muscular quando comparado com LPH e LPL; No foram apresentadas diferenas entre os msculostestados no LPH com o LPL, exceo feita ao

    gastrocnmio no LPL;

    Durante a fase concntrica o agachamento gera maioratividade EMG no RF, VL, VMO do que o LPH;

    O agachamento gera maior atividade nos isquiostibiaisdo que o LPH e LP;

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    PESO LIVRE

    ou

    GUIADO?

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    Objetivo: The purpose of this experiment was to determine whether free weight orSmith machine squats were optimal for activating the prime movers of the legs andthe stabilizers of the legs and the trunk

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    Resultados: Electromyographic activity was significantly higher in thegastrocnemius, biceps femoris, and vastus medialis, during the free weight squatcompared to the Smith machine squat (p , 0.05)

    Concluso: The free weight squat maybe more beneficial than the Smith

    machine squat for individuals who arelooking to strengthen plantar flexors,knee flexors, and knee extensors

    Apliacaes We found a 43% highermuscle activation during the free weightsquat compared to the Smith machine

    squat. Activation of the knee extensorsand flexors and ankle plantar flexorswere higher during free weight squat,whereas activation of the trunkstabilizers was similar across the 2exercises

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    J Strength Cond Res 24(3): 779784, 2010

    Objetivo: The purpose of this study was to compare muscle activation of theanterior deltoid, medial deltoid, and pectoralis major during a Smith machine andfree weight bench press at lower (70% 1 repetition maximum [1RM]) and higher(90% 1RM) intensities

    Concluso: The results of this study suggest that strength coaches should considerchoosing the free weight bench press over the Smith machine bench press becauseof its potential for greater upper-body muscular development

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    E OS DIFERENTES

    EXERCCIOS?

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    SUPINO COM

    BARRA OU

    HALTERES?

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    Grande Dorsal

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    Deltide Posterior

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    Trceps Cab. Longa

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    PUXADA

    PRONADA

    OU

    SUPINADA?

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    J Strength Cond Res 24(7): 18951900, 2010

    Resultados: 1. The findings

    from this study indicate that a

    pronated grip is optimal for

    training the LD in an anterior

    LP D.

    2. there is no difference

    between narrow and wide grip

    widths with a pronated griporientation

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    Objetivo: This study compared a conventional pull-up

    and chin-up with a rotational exercise using

    PerfectPullupTM twisting handles.

    Metodologia: Twenty-one men (24.9 6 2.4 years) and 4women (23.5 6 1 years) volunteered to participate.

    Electromyographic (EMG) signals were collected with

    DE-3.1 double-differential surface electrodes at a

    sampling frequency of 1,000 Hz. The EMG signals

    were normalized to peak activity in the maximum

    voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) trial and

    expressed as a percentage. Motion analysis data of the

    elbow were obtained using Vicon Nexus software.

    J Strength Cond Res 24(12): 34043414, 2010

    Youdas,JW,Amundson,CL,Cicero,KS,Hahn,JJ,Harezlak,DT,and Hollman JH Surface electromyographic activation

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    and Hollman, JH. Surface electromyographic activationpatterns and elbow joint motion during a pull-up, chin-up, orPerfect PullupTM rotational exercise. J Strength Cond Res24(12): 34043414, 2010

    Aplicaes prticas:

    1. The 7 muscles of the back,shoulder, arm, and trunk

    examined in the present study

    during the pull-up and chin-up

    displayed high to very high

    muscle activation at a level

    that would be appropriate for

    strength training

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    CADEIA ABERTA

    OU

    FECHADA?

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    QUAL A GRANDE DIFERENA NA ATIVIDADE EMG?

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    VALE A PENA EXECUTAR

    O EXERCCIO EM

    DIFERENTESADM?

    J Strength Cond Res 24(6): 15781583, 2010

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    Objetivo: The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of ROM at different loads

    on the electromyographic (EMG) activity of 8 preselected muscles.

    1. clavicular head of pectoralis

    major;

    2. anterior deltoid (AD);

    3. medial deltoid (MD);

    4. posterior deltoid (PD);

    5. upper trapezius (UT);

    6. middle trapezius (MT),

    7. long head of triceps (LHT)

    8. teres minor (TM).

    Paoli, A, Marcolin, G, and Petrone, N. Influence of different ranges of motion on selective recruitment ofh ld l i th itti ilit l t hi t d J St th C d R 24(6)

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    shoulder muscles in the sitting military press: an electromyographic study. J Strength Cond Res 24(6):15781583, 2010

    1. clavicular head of pectoralis major (PMCH); 2. anterior deltoid (AD); 3.

    medial deltoid (MD); 4. posterior deltoid (PD); 5. upper trapezius (UT); 6.

    middle trapezius (MT); 7. long head of triceps (LHT) 8. teres minor (TM).

    Paoli, A, Marcolin, G, and Petrone, N. Influence ofdiff t f ti l ti it t f

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    different ranges of motion on selective recruitment ofshoulder muscles in the sitting military press: anelectromyographic study. J Strength Cond Res24(6): 15781583, 2010

    Aplicaes prticas:

    1. The results of study showed that the highest EMG activity is obtained by performing the

    exercise with a complete ROM; so, if the primary purpose is the development of strength,

    incomplete ROMs should be avoided

    2. Secondly, even if some fitness handbooks (Frederick, CH. Hardcore Bodybuilding. A Scientific

    Approach. Chicago, IL: Contemporary Books, 1993) report that an incomplete ROM could elicit

    the activation of the deltoid, our study does not agree completely with those statements

    3. In fact, in all the conditions we tested, deltoid and trapezius were synergic muscles in the

    humerus abduction, and the only effect of the employment of incomplete ROMs was a decrease

    of their electrical activity.

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    PartialSquat

    135O

    ParallelSquat

    90O

    FullSquat

    45O

    Fase Concntrica

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    PartialSquat

    135O

    ParallelSquat

    90O

    FullSquat

    45O

    Fase Concntrica

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    PartialSquat

    135O

    ParallelSquat

    90O

    FullSquat

    45O

    Fase Concntrica

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    PartialSquat

    135O

    ParallelSquat

    90O

    FullSquat

    45O

    Fase Excntrica

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    Concluso: Agachamento Livre

    O GM mais ativo durante oagachamento profundo;

    O VL mais ativo durante o meio

    agachamento, porm sem diferenas para

    o AP;

    O VM mais ativo durante oagachamento parcial (AP);

    Na fase excntrica o VL e VM tematividades semelhantes como

    antagonistas ao movimento de flexo.

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    E O USO DA BOLA ou DA

    PLATAFORMA

    INSTVEL?

    QUAL SEU OBJETIVO?

    PROPRIOCEPO ARTICULAR

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    COMO

    OCORRE

    O

    CONTROLE?

    PROPRIOCEPO ARTICULAR

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    COMO

    OCORRE

    O

    CONTROLE?

    Willardson, J.M. Core stability training:Applications to sports conditioningprograms. J. Strength Cond. Res.21(3):979985. 2007

    CORE

    J Strength Cond Res 24(4): 10281033, 2010

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    Objetivo: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a stable surface (bench) vs. an

    unstable surface (Swiss ball) on muscle activation when performing the dumbbell chest

    press and shoulder press

    anterior deltoid, pectoralis major,and rectus abdominus

    Uribe, BP, Coburn, JW, Brown, LE, Judelson, DA, Khamoui, AV, andNguyen, D. Muscle activation when performing the chest press and

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    Aplicaes prticas:

    1. The results of this study showed no significant differences between surface types in meanconcentric and eccentric muscle activation when performing the dumbbell chest press and

    shoulder press.

    2. Secondly, even if some fitness handbooks (Frederick, CH. Hardcore Bodybuilding. AScientific Approach. Chicago, IL: Contemporary Books, 1993) report that an incomplete

    ROM could elicit the activation of the deltoid, our study does not agree completely with

    those statements

    g y , p g pShoulder press on a stable bench vs. a swiss ball. J Strength Cond Res24(4): 10281033, 2010

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    J Strength Cond Res 24(10): 27232730, 2010

    The objective of this study

    was to compare theproduction of force and

    paraspinal muscle activity

    between deadlifts carried out

    in a standard way and with

    different instability devices

    (Bosu and T-Bow).

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    J Strength Cond Res 24(10): 27232730, 2010

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    J Strength Cond Res 24(10): 27232730, 2010

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    J Strength Cond Res 24(10): 27232730, 2010

    The inclusion of deadlift in a

    program of neuromuscular

    training guarantees highlevels of functionality without

    the necessity of adding

    instability elements, thus

    favoring a corporal position

    technically safer to the rachis

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    ABDOMINAL LIVRE OU

    NO APARELHO?

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    J Strength Cond Res 22(6): 19391946, 2008

    The purpose of this study was to examine theeffectiveness of a commercial abdominalmachine (Ab-Slide) and three commonabdominal strengthening exercises (abdominalcrunch, supine double leg thrust, and side bridge)

    Ab Crunch

    Ab Slide

    Double Leg Thrust

    Side bridge

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    Prof. Msc. Ewertton Bezerra J Strength Cond Res 22(6): 19391946, 2008

    Ab Crunch

    Ab SlideDouble Leg Thrust

    Side bridge

    Concluso

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    CUATCU

    VALE A PENA

    USAR O

    APARELHO?

    J Strength Cond Res 24(12): 34153421, 2010

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    Objetivo: The purpose of this study was to compare the activation of the rectus abdominis

    (RA), external oblique abdominis (EO), lower abdominal stabilizers (LASs), and lumbar

    erector spinae (LES) during performance of 3 traditional trunk exercises vs. exercise on the

    Ab Circle device

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    J Strength Cond Res 24(12): 34153421, 2010Reto Abdominal

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    J Strength Cond Res 24(12): 34153421, 2010Oblquo Externo

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    J Strength Cond Res 24(12): 34153421, 2010Eretor da Espinha

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    J Strength Cond Res 24(12): 34153421, 2010

    Aplicaes Prticas:

    1. The results of this study indicate that the anterior, posterior, and lateral trunkmusculature can be activated to similar or even greater levels by performing the 3

    traditional trunk exercises vs. the Ab Circle;

    2. From a muscle activation standpoint, the Ab Circle does not provide a superior

    stimulus vs. the traditional trunk exercises when performed with body mass.

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    E A VELOCIDADE

    MODIFICA A AO DOS

    MSCULOS

    ABDOMINAIS?

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    VOLUME 22 | NUMBER 3 | MAY 2008 |

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    VOLUME 22 | NUMBER 3 | MAY 2008 |

    Aplicaes prticas:

    1. On the basis of the electromyographic data collected in this study, curl-up speed had animportant effect on neuromuscular demands

    2. The faster curl-up speeds generated higher intensities of contraction and higher trunkcoactivation

    3. Where specific strengthening of the RA is required, then the PB appears to be the mostfavorable exercise for strengthening because a higher level of RA muscle activity

    4. it is believed that trunk dynamics had a significant impact on spinal loads the combinationof slow and moderately controlled speeds, along with static curl-ups, is generally

    recommended for health, fitness, and rehabilitation programs

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    COMO FORTALECER OS PARAVERTEBRAIS?

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    QUAL A

    FINALIDADE

    DESTE EXERCCIO?

    E A CADEIRA OU O STEP,

    AJUDA NO QUE?

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    E AS ROTAES NO

    MEMBRO INFERIOR?

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    Objetivo: Investigar as variaes EMG do VL, VM,e RF durantediferentes posies do p na extensora

    Neutra

    RE=TO

    RI=TI

    Po

    sio

    dos

    ps

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    Neutra

    RE=TO

    RI=TI

    *Significantly different than NEU. **Significantly different than

    all other conditions. Significantly different than TO.

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    Concluses:

    A atividade EMG do VL, VM,e RF sofremodificaes durante diferentes posies do p

    na extensora de forma dinmica;A posio RI afeta mais o VL e VM e a REmais o RF;

    Estas diferenas podem ser justificadas pelaao dinmica do movimento;

    A aplicao destas diferenas esta diretamenteaplicada a recuperao de desequilbrios

    musculares aps leso ou imobilizao

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    Neutra

    10o

    20

    Posi

    o

    dos

    ps

    - 10o

    Objetivo: Verificar as modificaes darotao do p sobre EMG de 3diferentes msculos do MI durante oagachamento

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    Neutra

    - 10o10o

    20

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    NA FLEXORA DEVO

    USAR FLEXO TOTAL DO

    JOELHO?

    Isquiostibiais (a) Torque

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    (Onishi et al, 2002)

    (b) ST

    (c) SM

    (d) BF LH

    (e) BF SH

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    E OS EXERCCIOS PARA

    A PANTURRILHA:

    SENTADO OU EM P?

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    (Signoreli et al, 2002)

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    E OS EXERCCIOS PARA

    A PANTURRILHA: COM

    OU SEM ROTAO DO

    P?

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    J Strength Cond Res 25(3): 634639, 2011

    Objetivo: This investigation compared MG and LG activation during theoncentric phase (CP) and eccentric phase (EP) of the heel-raise

    exercise using neutral (NE), internally rotated (IR), and externallyrotated (ER) foot positions.

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    J Strength Cond Res 25(3): 634639, 2011

    Aplicao Prtica: The results of

    this study provide some initial

    support to the common practice of

    using different foot positions

    during the heel-raise exercise in

    an attempt to promote maximal

    adaptations in the MG and LG

    Reflexo

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    1. Suas preocupaes foram SANADAS?

    2. Suas expectativas foram ATENDIDAS?

    Reflexo

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    OBRIGADO!!!!!

    Prof. MSc. Ewertton [email protected]