Ciclos Frigorificos

Refrigeração Industrial

Ciclos FrigoríficosCiclos Frigoríficos

Unochapecó Engº Ferrazza

Diagrama Pressão–Entalpia (P x h)

Pre

ssão

Líquido Subresfriado

Mistura de Líquido e

Linha de Vapor Saturado

Ponto CríticoGás

Entalpia

Pre

ssão Líquido e

Vapor

Vapor Superaquecido

Linha de Temperatura

Constante

Linha de Líquido Saturado


pre

ssão

Efeito de Refrigeração

Evaporador

1

pre

ssão

entalpia

evaporadorevaporador

[[--1010°°C]C]

2.908 bar abs

R717

4’4

Refrigeração


pres

são

pres

são

Superaquecimento

pres

são

pres

são

entalpiaentalpia superaquecimentosuperaquecimento

{{

[[--55°°C]C][[--1010°°C]C]

2.908 bar abs2.908 bar abs14’4


Compressor

2

pres

são

pres

são

compressorcompressor

pres

são

pres

são

entalpiaentalpia

14’4

compressorcompressor


2iso

Calor de Compressão

100.2100.2°°CC13.504 bar abs13.504 bar abs

pres

são

pres

são

entalpiaentalpia

Calor de Calor de

CompressãoCompressão

IsoentrópicaIsoentrópica

13.504 bar abs13.504 bar abs

14’

+35+35°°CC

4

2.908 bar abs2.908 bar abs


condensadorcondensador 23

Condensador

subresfriamentosubresfriamento

{{ 2’

3’

12,5 bar

entalpiaentalpia

33°C

pres

são

pres

são

14’

3’+35°C

4

12,5 bar


Dispositivo de Expansão

23 2’

3’dispositivo de

expansão

pres

são

pres

são

entalpiaentalpia

14’

3’

4


Equações Básicas do Ciclo Frigorífico

■ Capacidade Frigorífica:

Qev = mRef x (h1 – h4) (kg/s x kJ/kg = kW) ou

Qev = mRef x (h4’ – h4) (kg/s x kJ/kg = kW)

■ Potência Absorvida:■ Potência Absorvida:

Wcp = mRef x (h2 – h1) (kg/s x kJ/kg = kW)

■ Calor Rejeitado:Qcd = mRef x (h2 – h3) (kg/s x kJ/kg = kW)


Equações Básicas do Ciclo Frigorífico

■ Rendimento Volumétrico do Compressor:

Vol.Comp

1Refvol

D

m v⋅=&

ηsuc

volVol.CompRef

Dm

v

η⋅=&

■ Rendimento Isoentrópico do Compressor:

12r

12iiso

hh

hh

−−=η

cp

12iRefiso

W

)h(hm −= •&η


Ciclos FrigoríficosCiclo Básico


Ciclos FrigoríficosDiagrama Pressão x Entalpia (Mollier)


Ciclos FrigoríficosCiclo de Simples Estágio com Compressor Parafuso e Economiser


Sistema 01Simples Estágio – Inundado (por Gravidade)


Sistema 01 – Condições de Operação

0.0

35.0 1.0

1.8

0.2

xOUT [kg/kg] 0.80 R717

Cooling capacity Q E [kW] 1657

Power consumption W [kW] 371.9 371.9 [kW]0.727 [-]

1724.5 [m 3/h]1.506 [kg/s]1657.4 [kW]

COMPRESSOR PERFORMANCE

CYCLE CAPACITY

CYCLE SPECIFICATION

VS :QE : m :

ηηηη IS : WCP :

TE [°C] :

TC [°C] : ∆∆∆∆TSC [K] :

∆∆∆∆pSL [K] :

∆∆∆∆pDL [K] :

REFRIGERANTPRESSURE LOSSESTEMPERATURE LEVELS QUALITY OUT OF EVAPORATOR

1903.5 [kW]QC :

Discharge temperature T 2 [°C] 82.5

Unuseful superheat ∆TSH,SL [K] 5.0

40.1 [%] 82.5 [°C]

22715 [W]

COMPRESSOR HEAT LOSS

fQ : T2 :

QSL :

QLOSS : 149.00 [kW]

SUCTION LINE

T8 : 5.0 [°C] 5.0 [K]∆∆∆∆TSH,SL :

COP : COP* :4.457 4.518Unochapecó Engº Ferrazza

Sistema 01 - Ciclo Frigorífico

2

4

335.0 [°C]

82.5 [°C]

CYCLE ANALYSIS : ONE-STAGE CYCLE

T2 :

TC : QC : 1903.5 [kW]

34.0 [°C]T4 :

> FLOODED EVAPORATOR

SUB-DIAGRAM

WINDOWS

T3 : 82.5 [°C]

CoolPackLOG(p),h-DIAGRAM

75

6

8

1

0.0 [°C]

5.0 [°C]

T6 :

T1 :

TE :

0.80 [kg/kg]X7 :

QE : 1657.4 [kW]

WCP : 371.9 [kW]

4.518COP* :

0.0 [°C]

0.13 [kg/kg]X5 :

1.637 [kg/s]

1.506 [kg/s]mCP :

mEVAP :

nCIRC : 1.25 [-]

4.457COP :REFRIGERANT : R717 ηηηηCARNOT : 0.58

Department ofMechanical Engineering

Technical Univ ersity

TOOL C.2

© 1999 - 2001

of Denmark

Version 1.46

0.0 [°C]T8 :


Sistema 01 – Condições dos Pontos do Ciclo

TEMPERATURE PRESSURE ENTHALPY

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

5.0

82.5

82.5

34.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

401.9

1361.7

1353.9

1353.9

430.2

430.2

430.2

1460.7

1608.7

1609.0

345.4

345.4

179.9

1192.5

STATE POINTSDENSITY

3.1

8.5

8.4

588.9

-----

638.5

-----

3.388

[°C] [kPa] [kJ/kg] [kg/m 3]STATE POINT

94.4 [°C]

120.5 [°C]

Pressure ratio (p 2 / p1 ) :

T2,IS :

T2,W :

Additional information

T2,IS is the temperature of thedischarge gas assuming reversibleand adiabatic compression

T2,W is the temperature of the7

8

0.0

0.0

430.2

430.2

1192.5

1445.6

-----

3.5

COP : COP* :4.457 4.518

2,Wdischarge gas assuming real andadiabatic compression


Sistema 01 - Equações do Ciclo Frigorífico

■ Capacidade Frigorífica:

Qev = mRef x (h8sat – h5) ou

Qev = mCirc-Ev x (h7 – h6) ou

Qev = mCirc-Ev/nCirc x (h8sat – h6)Qev = mCirc-Ev/nCirc (h8sat – h6)

■ Potência Absorvida:

Wcp = mRef x (h2w – h1)

■ Calor Rejeitado:

Q = mRef x (h2 – h4)Unochapecó Engº Ferrazza

Sistema 01 - Equações do Ciclo Frigorífico

■ Rendimento Volumétrico do Compressor:

Vol.Comp

1Refvol

D

m v⋅=&

η

Rendimento Isoentrópico do Compressor :■ Rendimento Isoentrópico do Compressor :

1iso

12i2w h

hhh +−=

η

cp

12iRefiso

W

)h(hm −= •&η

12w

12iiso

hh

hh

−−=η

h2w , p2 � T2w


Sistema 02Duplo Estágio – Circ. por Bomba – RI Fechado



-10.0 nCIRC,HS [-] 5

-32.0 nCIRC,LS [-] 8

35.0 1.0

T9 [°C] -5

R717

0.5 1

0.2 0.2

Cooling capacity Q E,HS [kW] 573

Cooling capacity Q E,LS [kW] 516


CYCLE CAPACITY

TEMPERATURE LEVELS

CYCLE SPECIFICATION

VS,HS :QE,HS : m HS :

TE,LS [°C] :

TC [°C] : ∆∆∆∆TSC [K] :

∆∆∆∆pSL,HS [K] :

∆∆∆∆pDL,HS [K] :

TE,HS [°C] : ∆∆∆∆pSL,LS [K] :

HS :

LS : VS,LS :QE,LS : m LS :

1696.0 [m 3/h]

1700.6 [m 3/h]

573.0 [kW]

516.0 [kW]

1.078 [kg/s]

0.414 [kg/s]

∆∆∆∆pDL,LS [K] :

LIQUID SUBCOOLING COIL PRESSURE LOSSES

REFRIGERANT

Power consumption W HS [kW] 359.7

Power consumption W LS [kW] 101.9

Discharge temperatur T 2 [°C] 86.9

Discharge temperature T 15 [°C] 64.4

Unuseful superheat ∆TSH,SL,HS [K] 5.0

SUCTION LINE



ηηηηIS,HS : WHS :

fQ,HS : T2 :

HS :

LS :

HS :

LS :

Unuseful superheat ∆TSH,SL,LS [K] 5.0

HS :

LS :

ηηηηIS,LS : WLS :

fQ,LS : T15 :

0.701 [-]

0.567 [-]

359.7 [kW]

101.9 [kW]

47.9 [%]

22.0 [%]

86.9 [°C]

64.4 [°C] 22.4 [kW]

172.5 [kW]QLOSS,HS :

QLOSS,LS :

∆∆∆∆TSH,SL,HS :

∆∆∆∆TSH,SL,LS :

5.00 [K]

5.00 [K]

WTOT : 461.6 [kW]

T1 :

T14 :

-5.0 [°C]

-27.0 [°C]

QSL,HS :

QSL,LS :

13580 [W]

4828 [W]

COP*HS : COP*LS :3.300 5.111COP : 2.359Unochapecó Engº Ferrazza

T4 :T2 :

TE,HS :

TC :

QE,HS :

QC :

WMT :

34.0 [°C]86.9 [°C]

-10.0 [°C]

35.0 [°C]

573.0 [kW]

1374.5 [kW]

359.7 [kW]

1.078 [kg/s]mTOT :

T9 : -5.0 [°C]

mCIRC,HS : 2.202 [kg/s]

> FLOODED EVAPORATORS, CLOSED INTERCOOLER, ONE-STAG E COMPRESSORSCYCLE ANALYSIS: TWO-STAGE CYCLE

SUBDIAGRAMWINDOWS


2

15

3

8

4

9


6A

T1 :

E,HS

X5 :

E,HS

QE,LS :

WLS :

X10 :

T15 :

T14 : -27.0 [°C]

-5.0 [°C]

TE,LS : -32.0 [°C]

0.09 [kg/kg]

0.16 [kg/kg]

516.0 [kW]

101.9 [kW]

5

8nCIRC,LS :

nCIRC,HS :

64.4 [°C]

2.359

mCIRC,LS : 3.015 [kg/s]

R7170.56

0.47

3.300

5.111REFRIGERANT : COP :

COP*HS :

COP*LS :

nCARNOT,HS :

nCARNOT,LS :



TOOL C.6

© 1999 - 2001

of Denmark

Version 1.46

14

5

16

1

6

1210

7

13

11

11A



2

3

4

5

6

86.9

86.9

34.0

-10.0

-10.0

-10.0

1361.7

1353.9

1353.9

290.9

290.9

290.9

1620.5

1620.8

345.4

345.4

133.2

393.4

STATE POINTS

8.4

8.3

588.9

-651.9

-5.0 1353.9 158.0 645.3

7

9

-

4.777

2.853

374.2 [kPa]

-3.7 [°C]

109.9 [°C]

149.3 [°C]

[°C] [kPa] [kJ/kg] [kg/m 3]

INTERMEDIATEPressure ratio (p 2 / p1 ) :


STATE POINTTEMPERATURE PRESSURE ENTHALPY DENSITY

PRESSURE

HIGH PRESSURE

pOPTIMUM :

pOPTIMUM = p2 · p13

TSAT,OPTIMUM :


T2,IS :

T :

-5.0

-10.0

285.1

290.9

1446.7

1434.1

2.3

2.4

-32.0

-32.0

-32.0

-32.0

-27.0

64.4

11

15

108.1

108.1

108.1

108.1

102.8

293.3

158.0

34.3

205.5

1403.5

1415.2

1607.1

-679.8

-0.9

0.9

1.8

8

1

10

12

13

14

64.4 290.9 1607.2 1.816

3.300 5.1112.359

149.3 [°C]

41.5 [°C]

88.0 [°C]

COP : COP*HS : COP*LS :

LOW PRESSURE

T2,W :

T15,IS :

T15,W :

TIS is the temperature of thedischarge gas assuming reversibleand adiabatic compression

TW is the temperature of thedischarge gas assuming real andadiabatic compression


Sistema 02 – Balanços de Fluxos

■ Resfriador Intermediário:

QRI-evap = mCP-B x (h15 – h8sat) + mCP-B x (h4 – h9)

)h(hm)h(hmm 94B-CP8Sat15B-CP −+−= ••

−&&

&

)h(hm

58Sat

94B-CP8Sat15B-CPevapRI −

=−&

■ Lado de Alta:

mCP-A = mCP-B + mRI-evap + mEV-A


Sistema 03Duplo Estágio – Circ. por Bomba – RI Aberto



-10.0 XOUT [kg/kg] 1

-40.0 nCIRC [-] 12

35.0 1.0

0.5

0.2

1

0.2

R717

Cooling capacity Q E,HS [kW] 0

Cooling capacity Q E,LS [kW] 853.1


CYCLE CAPACITY

TEMPERATURE LEVELS

CYCLE SPECIFICATIONPRESSURE LOSSES

VS,HS :QE,HS : m HS :

TE,LS [°C] :

TC [°C] : ∆∆∆∆TSC [K] :

∆∆∆∆pSL,HS [K] :

∆∆∆∆pDL,HS [K] :

TE,HS [°C] : ∆∆∆∆pSL,LS [K] :

HS :

LS : VS,LS :QE,LS : m LS :

1467.7 [m 3/h]

3998.9 [m 3/h]

0.0 [kW]

853.1 [kW]

0.915 [kg/s]

0.677 [kg/s]

∆∆∆∆pDL,LS [K] :

HS :

LS :

REFRIGERANT

Power consumption W HS [kW] 271.4

Power consumption W LS [kW] 205

Discharge temperature T 2 [°C]

SUCTION LINES



ηηηηIS,HS : WHS :

fQ,HS : T2 :

HS :

LS :

81.9

Discharge temperature T 14 [°C]

HS :

LS :

HS :

LS :

ηηηη IS,LS : WLS :

fQ,LS : T14 :

0.800 [-]

0.635 [-]

271.4 [kW]

205.0 [kW]

45.7 [%]

34.3 [%]

81.9 [°C]

62.0 [°C] 70.4 [kW]

124.1 [kW]QLOSS,HS :

QLOSS,LS :

QSL,HS :

QSL,LS : 7629 [W]

11495 [W]

WTOT : 476.4 [kW]

62

Unuseful superheat ∆TSH,SL,HS [K] 5.0

Unuseful superheat ∆TSH,SL,LS [K]

T1 :

T13 :

-5.5 [°C]

-34.5 [°C]

∆∆∆∆TSH,SL,HS :

∆∆∆∆TSH,SL,LS :

5.0 [K]

5.0 [K]5.0

COP : COP*HS : COP*LS :1.791 3.71 4.199Unochapecó Engº Ferrazza


2

14

3

CYCLE ANALYSIS: TWO-STAGE CYCLE

T4 :

T2 :

TC :QC :

WHS :

8

4

34.0 [°C]

81.9 [°C]

35.0 [°C]1154.5 [kW]

271.4 [kW]

mTOT : 0.915 [kg/s]


> FLOODED EVAPORATORS, OPEN INTERCOOLER, ONE-STAGE COMPRESSORS

SUBDIAGRAMWINDOWS


13

5

15

14

1 T1 :

TE,HS :

X5 :

QE,HS :6

119

8

7

12QE,LS :

WLS :

X9 :

T14 :

T13 : -34.5 [°C]

-5.5 [°C]

-10.0 [°C]

TE,LS : -40.0 [°C]

0.09 [kg/kg]

0.16 [kg/kg]

0.0 [kW]

853.1 [kW]

205.0 [kW]

1.000 [-]

12.000 [-]nCIRC,LS :

nCIRC,HS :

10

62.0 [°C]


REFRIGERANT : R717 COP :COP*HS :

COP*LS :1.791

nCARNOT,HS :

nCARNOT,LS :

0.63

0.54

3.71

4.199



TOOL C.5

© 1999 - 2001

of Denmark

Version 1.46

10A



2

14

3

CYCLE ANALYSIS: TWO-STAGE CYCLE

T4 :

T2 :

TC :QC :

WHS :

8

4

34.0 [°C]

81.9 [°C]

35.0 [°C]1154.5 [kW]

271.4 [kW]

mTOT : 0.915 [kg/s]


> FLOODED EVAPORATORS, OPEN INTERCOOLER, ONE-STAGE COMPRESSORS

SUBDIAGRAMWINDOWS


16

17

1819

13

5

15

14

1 T1 :

TE,HS :

X5 :

QE,HS :6

119

8

7

12QE,LS :

WLS :

X9 :

T14 :

T13 : -34.5 [°C]

-5.5 [°C]

-10.0 [°C]

TE,LS : -40.0 [°C]

0.09 [kg/kg]

0.16 [kg/kg]

0.0 [kW]

853.1 [kW]

205.0 [kW]

1.000 [-]

12.000 [-]nCIRC,LS :

nCIRC,HS :

10

62.0 [°C]


REFRIGERANT : R717 COP :COP*HS :

COP*LS :1.791

nCARNOT,HS :

nCARNOT,LS :

0.63

0.54

3.71

4.199



TOOL C.5

© 1999 - 2001

of Denmark

Version 1.46

10A

20



2

3

4

5

6

81.9

81.9

34.0

-10.5

-10.5

-10.5

-10.5

1361.7

1353.9

1353.9

285.1

285.1

285.1

285.1

1607.1

1607.4

345.4

345.4

130.9

1433.5

1433.5

STATE POINTS

8.5

8.5

588.9

652.6

-2.3

-

7

8

4.127

4.876

308.0 [kPa]

-8.6 [°C]

111.0 [°C]

134.3 [°C]


INTERMEDIATEPressure ratio (p 2 / p1 ) :


STATE POINTTEMPERATURE PRESSURE ENTHALPY DENSITY

PRESSURE

HIGH PRESSURE

pOPTIMUM :

pOPTIMUM = p2 · p13

TSAT,OPTIMUM :


T2,IS :

T :-5.5 279.3 1446.1 2.2

62.0

-39.5

-39.5

-34.5

62.0

-39.5

-39.5

10

11

73.5

285.1

73.5

73.5

69.6

287.4

73.5

130.9

1602.0

2.1

1391.6

1402.9

1601.9

117.9

688.9

1.8

-

0.6

1.8

9

1

15

12

13

14

-0.7

COP : COP*HS : COP*LS :1.791 3.71 4.199

59.1 [°C]

134.3 [°C]

107.4 [°C]

LOW PRESSURE

T2,W :

T14,IS :

T14,W :

TIS is the temperature of thedischarge gas assuming reversibleand adiabatic compression

TW is the temperature of thedischarge gas assuming real andadiabatic compression


Sistema 03 – Balanços de Fluxos

■ Resfriador Intermediário:

QRI-evap = mCP-B x (h15 – h8sat)

)h(hmm 8Sat15B-CP

evapRI

−= •

−&

&

)h(hm

58SatevapRI −

=−&

■ Lado de Alta:

mCP-A = mCP-B + mRI-evap


Sistema 03 – Degelo c/ Gás Quente (∆PGQ= 2 bar)

■ Linha de Descarga:

P16 = P3 – ∆PGQ = 1154 kPa abs

h16 = h3 = 1607.4 kJ/kg

P16 , h16 � T16 = 72.4 ºCP16 , h16 � T16 = 72.4 ºC

T19 ~ +5.0 ºC � h19 =222.9 kJ/kg

∆hGQ-LD = h16 – h19 = 1384.5 kJ/kgUnochapecó Engº Ferrazza

Sistema 03 – Degelo c/ Gás Quente (∆PGQ= 2 bar)

■ Linha de “Gás Úmido” (Topo do Rec. Liq):

P18 = P17sat – ∆PGQ = 1150 kPa abs

h18 = h17sat = 1487.6 kJ/kg

P18 , h18 � T18 =30.4 ºCP18 , h18 � T18 =30.4 ºC

T19 ~ +5.0 ºC � h19 = 222.9 kJ/kg

∆hGQ-RL = h18 – h19 = 1264.7 kJ/kgUnochapecó Engº Ferrazza

Ciclos FrigoríficosCiclo de Duplo Estágio com Sistema de Circulação por Bomba nos Evaporadores de Baixa Pressão


Sistema 04Sistema Cascata – R-744/ R-717



-8.0 0.0

-45.0 0.0

35.5 2.0

-4.8 2.0

No SGHX 0

No SGHX 0

0.10 0.10

0.10 0.00

R717 R744

Cooling Capacity Q E,HT [kW] 0

Cooling Capacity Q [kW] 684.4

CYCLE CAPACITY

TEMPERATURE LEVELS

CYCLE SPECIFICATIONSUCTION GAS HEAT EXCHANGER (HT)

VS,HT :QE,HT : m HT :

TE,LT [°C] : ∆∆∆∆TSH,LT [K] :

TC,HT [°C] : ∆∆∆∆TSC,HT [K] :

∆∆∆∆pSL,HT [K] :

∆∆∆∆pDL,HT [K] :

TE,HT [°C] : ∆∆∆∆TSH,HT [K] : ∆∆∆∆pSL,LT [K] :

HT :

LT : V :Q : m :

1155 [m 3/h]

469.7 [m3/h]

902.1 [kW]

684.4 [kW]

0.8248 [kg/s]

2.733 [kg/s]

∆∆∆∆pDL,LT [K] :

∆∆∆∆TSC,HT [K] :TC,LT [°C] :

PRESSURE LOSSES

HT : LT :

REFRIGERANTS

SUCTION GAS HEAT EXCHANGER (LT)

Cooling Capacity QE,LT [kW] 684.4

Power consumption W HT [kW] 228.9

Power consumption W LT [kW] 204.1

Heat loss factor f Q,HT [%] 0

Heat loss factor f Q,LT [%] 0

Unuseful superheat ∆TSH,SL,HT [K] 1.0

SUCTION LINES



ηηηηIS,HT : WHT :

fQ,HT : T2,HT :

LT :

HT :

LT :

HT :

LT :

VS,LT :QE,LT : mLT :

ηηηηIS,LT : WLT :

fQ,LT : T2,LT :

469.7 [m3/h]684.4 [kW] 2.733 [kg/s]

0.773 [-]

0.804 [-]

228.9 [kW]

204.1 [kW]

0.0 [%]

0.0 [%]

123.1 [°C]

61.2 [°C] 0.0 [kW]

0.0 [kW]QLOSS,HT :

QLOSS,LT :

QSL,HT :

QSL,LT : Unuseful superheat ∆TSH,SL,LT [K] 5.0

2116 [W]

13576 [W]

WTOT : 433 [kW]

HT :

LT :

T8,HT :

T8,LT :

-7.0 [°C]

-40.0 [°C]

∆∆∆∆TSH,SL,HT :

∆∆∆∆TSH,SL,LT :

1.0 [K]

5.0 [K]

COPLT : 3.353COPHT : 3.941Unochapecó Engº Ferrazza


CYCLE ANALYSIS : COMBINATION OF ONE-STAGE CYCLES

T5,LT :

TC,HT :QC,HT :

WHT :

T2,HT :

-6.8 [°C]

123.1 [°C]

35.5 [°C]1131.0 [kW]

228.9 [kW]

0.8248 [kg/s]mHT :

T5,HT : 33.5 [°C]

T2,LT : 61.2 [°C]

> TWO-STAGE CASCADE SYSTEM, DX EVAPORATORS

Q4-5,HT : 0.00 [kW]

Q4-5,LT : 0.00 [kW]

2HT4HT

3HT

5HT

SUB-DIAGRAMWINDOWS


T4,HT : 33.5 [°C]

T4,LT : -6.8 [°C]

T1,HT :

TE,HT :QE,HT :

COP*HT :

QE,LT : WLT :

X6,LT :

-8.1 [°C]

T8,HT : -7.0 [°C]

-8.0 [°C]

TE,LT : -45.0 [°C]

0.24 [kg/kg]

902.1 [kW]

684.4 [kW] 204.1 [kW]

COP*LT :

3.940

3.420

2.733 [kg/s]mLT :

X6,HT : 0.15 [kg/kg]

T1,LT : -40.0 [°C]

T2,LT : 61.2 [°C]

TC,LT :QC,LT : -4.8 [°C]902.1 [kW]

COPHT : 3.941REFRIGERANTHT :

REFRIGERANTLT :

R717

R744

ηηηηCARNOT,HT :

ηηηηCARNOT,LT :

0.65

0.60COPLT : 3.353

Q4-5,LT : 0.00 [kW]

T8,LT : -40.0 [°C]

1HT

6HT

8HT

7HT

9

WINDOWS



TOOL C.10

© 1999 - 2001

of Denmark

Version 1.46

4LT5LT

6LT

1HT8LT

7LT

2LT

3LT

6A

6



2

3

4

5

6

123.1

123.1

33.5

33.5

-8.0

-8.0

1377.4

1373.4

1373.4

1373.4

315.5

315.5

1714.0

1714.1

342.9

342.9

342.9

1436.6

STATE POINTS

7.5

7.5

589.7

589.7

-2.67

61.2

61.2

-6.8

-6.8

-45.0

-45.0

3062.5

3062.5

3062.5

3062.5

831.9

831.9

7.0

7.0

-323.0

-323.0

-323.0

-72.6

54.5

54.5

967.2

967.2

-21.7

TEMPERATURE PRESSURE ENTHALPY DENSITYSTATE POINT


TEMPERATURE PRESSURE ENTHALPY DENSITYSTATE POINT


HIGH TEMPERATURE (HT) LOW TEMPERATURE (LT)

2

3

4

5

6

7-8.0

-8.1

315.5

314.2

1436.6

1436.5

2.6

2.6

7

9

1 -8.1 314.2 -8.1 2.6

-45.0

-

831.9

-

-72.6

-

21.7

--40.0 828.6 -67.7 20.9

4.384

3.696

-7.0 314.2 1439.2 2.68 -40.0 828.6 -67.7 20.9

COPLT : 3.353COPHT : 3.941

98.7 [°C]

47.6 [°C]

123.1 [°C]

61.2 [°C]

7

9

1

8

Pressure ratio - LT (p 2 / p1 ) [-] :

Pressure ratio - HT (p 2 / p1 ) [-] :

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

T2,IS,HT :

T2,IS,LT :

T2,W,HT :

T2,W,LT :


Ciclos Frigorificos

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