Conexoes Festo Qs_pt

7/23/2019 Conexoes Festo Qs_pt

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/conexoes-festo-qspt 1/59

< 9 : < : ? 8 3

\wmcn Sylq

L síqmg ig cfeg÷gs qìzmils

Mehf <08



Cfeg÷gs Qìzmils Síqmg \wmcn Sylq

Lzkmclàãf Cfeg÷gs \Sg \S$X: Cfeg÷gs \S$H Cfeg÷gs CQ\S

L sgkgàãf cfqqgyl il cfegãf miglk% L

síqmg \wmcn Sylq fh gqgcg l sfkwàãf

zlql yfifs fs clsfs% F cfexgemgeyg

smsygdl ig ge`lyg qìzmif meckwm dlms

ig <%::: ymzfs ig cfeg÷gs zliqãf g

cfd h weà÷gs gszgcäh mcls%

Gkmdmeg |wgils ig zqgssãf

wymkmrleif ls cfeg÷gs \wmcn Sylq+

l`fql cfd smsygdl ig xgilàãf

lzqfzqmlif zlql

yfifs fs ymzfs ig lzkmclà÷gs g ywafs%

Gcfefdml iggegq`ml `qlàls ê

gcgkgeyg xgilàãf2 smsygdl ig

xgilàãf \wmcn Sylq cfd cfeg÷gs \S

g \S$X:%

Gcgzcmfelk xgilàãf% Yfylkdgeyg l

zqfxl ig xlrldgeyf+ gd h weàãf il

km`làãf geyqg ywaf g cfegãf

`lqleymil zfq wd legk ig xgilàãf%

Qgiwrmil hfqàl ig geclmg if ywaf

el cfegãf+ cfdzlqlif cfd fwyqfs

smsygdls ig xgilàãf%

Zlql lzkmclàãf el meiòsyqml

lkmdgeyäcml g sfa cfeimà÷gs sgxgqls2

cfeg÷gs \S$H+ l xgqsãf dgyìkmcl il

síqmg \wmcn Sylq%

Cldlil swzgqh mcmlk zlygeyglil g

smsygdl ig xgilàãf zqfbgylif zlql

swzfqylq lkyls ygdzgqlywqls% F

legk

F$qme` ig HZD zfig qgsmsymq lf wsf ig

l`geygs ig kmdzgrl l xlzfq%

Yfils ls zgàls ig klyãf ils cfeg÷gs

qìzmils \S sãf em|wgklils g+

zfqyleyf+ lkyldgeyg qgsmsygeygs ê

cfqqfsãf%

Ls qfscls cùemcls Q fagigcgd ê

efqdl MSF g sãf qgxgsymils cfd

wdl cldlil lwyfxgileyg ig ZYHG+

zfigeif sgq qgwymkmrlils lyí cmecf

xgrgs sgd egcgssmilig ig

gkgdgeyfs limcmfelms ig xgilàãf%

Qfylàãf ig 38:º Qfylàãf ig 38:º+ cfd qfkldgeyf ig gsh gqls

Yfils cfeg÷gs qìzmils il síqmg

\wmcn Sylq zfigd `mqlq 38:º

gd yfqef il qfscl%

L xgilàãf il zlqyg qfsclil gd

qgklàãf lf cfqzf ig zkìsymcf í h gmyl

zfq wd legk ig afqqlcol emyqäkmcl%

Mssf zgqdmyg |wg l cfegãf sgbl

`mqlil gd |wlk|wgq imqgàãf%

Zlql dfxmdgeyfs qfylymxfs oì

cfeg÷gs `mqlyóqmls cfd qfkldgeyf

ig gshgqls%

Zgqdmyg qfylàãf ig lyí 7:: qzd

iwqleyg f wsf%

\wlk cfegãf cfd |wlk qfscl

Qfscl díyqmcl Qfscl @

cfehfqdg IME MSF 11?$<

Qfscl Q

cfehfqdg IME 1===$< g MSF 0 & <

L qfscl díyqmcl cmkäeiqmcl

í cfdzlqìxgk cfd l qfscl@%

L xgilàãf í lssg`wqlil zfq wd

legk ig xgilàãf%

Qfscl D

Dlcof

Qfscl dgefq%

Legk ig xgilàãf qgcfkfcìxgk% Xgilàãf el h qgeyg%

Zfig sgq qgwymkmrlil imxgqsls xgrgs%

Qfscl @Dlcof

Qfscl cfd lwyf$xgilàãf+ sgd

egcgssmilig ig xgilàãf limcmfelk% Zfig sgq qgwymkmrlil lyí 7 xgrgs%

Qfscl Q

Dlcof

Qfscl D

Hâdgl

Qfscl @

Hâdgl

Qfscl @

Hâdgl

Qfscl Q

Hâdgl

1 Hgsyf Aq%



Dlygqmlms Xmsãf gd cfqyg

Síqmg Dmem \SD

Síqmg Zliqãf

Dgylk

\S$H Làf mefmiìxgk

CQ\S Leym$coldls

\S$X:

< Legk ig

kmagqlàãf Zfkmlcgylyf Klyãf em|wgklif Làf mefmiìxgk ZAY /qgsmsygeyg l h lä scls g

cgeygkols- 1 Kwxl h kgä xgk Afqqlcol emyqäkmcl

/EAQ- HZD HZD Afqqlcol emyqäkmcl

/EAQ- 3 Cfqzf Làf+ ZAY+ klyãf

em|wgklif+ lkwdä emf

`lkxlemrlif

Klyãf em|wgklif Làf mefmiìxgk ZAY /qgsmsygeyg l h lä scls g

cgeygkols-

9 Dgclemsdf ig

qgygeàãf

if ywaf

Klyãf& Làf

mefmiìxgk Klyãf& Làf

mefmiìxgk Làf mefmiìxgk Klyãf& Làf mefmiìxgk

7 Lilzylifq qf$

sclif Klyãf em|wgklif cfd

xgilàãf l alsg ig ZYHG Klyãf em|wgklif Làf mefmiìxgk Klyãf em|wgklif cfd

xgilàãf l alsg ig ZYHG 8 Ywaf

efqdlkmrlif

zgkf ∇ gygqef

ZWE+ Z WE$O+ ZLS ZHLE+ ZWE+ ZWE$

O+ ZKE+ ZWE$CD ZHLE+ ZWE$O+ ZKE ZLE$X:

Cfeg÷gs Qìzmils Síqmg \wmcn Sylq Ilifs yícemcfs

Cfeg÷gs qìzmils\SD

Síqmg Dmem zì`mel 8

Síqmg gszgcmlk zlql sgq wslil cfd fs

zg|wgefs cfdzfegeygs

zegwdìymcfs il Hgsyf% Imádgyqf

gygqef il dle`wgmql ig 3+ 9 g 8

dd+ g qfscls ig cfegãf D3+ D7+

D0+ Q< & ? h lrgd zlqyg il síqmg Dmem%

Cfeg÷gs qìzmils\S

Síqmg Zliqãf zì`mel <7

@qleig xlqmgilig ig cfeg÷gs

qìzmils zlql dle`wgmqls cfd

imádgyqf gygqef ig 9+ 8+ ?+ <:+ <1 g

<8 dd cfd qfscl ig cfegãf ig

Q< & ? lyí Q< & 1%

Lkíd imssf+ l Hgsyf fh gqgcg cfeg÷gs

gszgcmlms zlql ggcwà÷gs2

Qgsmsygeygs l h lä scls g cgeygkols%

Qgsmsygeygs l cfqqfsãf g ìcmifs%

Cfeg÷gs qìzmils\S$H

Dgyìkmcl zì`mel 9:

Cfeg÷gs qìzmils ig dgylk zlql

wymkmrlàãf el meiòsyqml lkmdgeyäcml

g lzkmclà÷gs cfd ygdzgqlywqls lyí

<7: ºC%

@qleig qgsmsyâecml ê cfqqfsãf%

Cfeg÷gs qìzmils\S$X:

Leym$coldls zì`mel 7:

Lzqfxlil zlql wymkmrlàãf gd yfils

ls ìqgls feig oì f qmscf ig hf`f+ zfq

ggdzkf+ smsygdls ig sfkil el

meiòsyqml lwyfdfamkäsymcl%

Cfeg÷gs qìzmilsCQ\S

Làf mefmiìxgk zì`mel 98

Cfeg÷gs qìzmils ig làf

mefmiìxgk% Dìmdl qgsmsyâecml ê

cfqqfsãf g l gkgdgeyfs |wä dmcfs%

Lzqfxlil zlql wymkmrlàãf els

meiòsyqmls lkmdgeyäcmls g ig

gdalkl`ges%

L kmeol ig ywafs hkgäxgms zlql ls

cfeg÷gs \wmcn Sylq zì`mel 70

Gd zfkmwqgylef /ZWE-+ zfkmldmil

/ZLE-+ zgqh kwfqlknf} /ZHLE- g

zfkmgymkgef /ZKE- cfd imádgyqf

gygqef ig 3 l <8 dd%

L Hgsyf fh gqgcg ywafs h kgä xgms+ |wg

zfigd sgq wslifs gd cfeylyf imqgyf

cfd lkmdgeyfs g ggcwà÷gs

qgsmsygeygs l h lä scls g cgeygkols%

3 1 9 < 8

7

Hgsyf Aq% 3



Qfscl Yfq|wg qgcfdgeilif Zqfhweimilig if lzlqlh wsldgeyf ^EdT ^ddT

Qfscl D D3 :+0 1+7 D7 <+7 3 D0 1 7+7

Qfscl Q Qx 0 9 Q» <1 8 Q} 11 8+7 Q´ 1? ?

Qfscl @ @x <: 9+8

@» <7 8+8 @} 17 ?+< @´ 9: <<+<

Cfeg÷gs Qìzmils Síqmg \wmcn SylqIlifs yícemcfs

Yfq|wg qgcfdgeilif & zqfh weimilig if lzlqlhwsldgeyf

$O$

Mdzfqyleyg

Ef clsf ig cfdzfegeygs |wg

mecfqzfqgd h weà÷gs gszgcmlms+

f h wecmfeldgeyf igsyls zfig

sgq cfdzqfdgymif sg l qfscl

il

cfegãf gsymxgq dwmyf lzqfh weilil%

Zlql yleyf qgcfdgeildfs|wg l

zqfh weimilig ig lzlqlhwsldgeyf fw

f yfq|wg ig lzgqyf sg bld

fasgqxlifs% Zfigqãf fcfqqgq ilefs

sg f yfq|wg ig lzgqyf h fq

wkyqlzlsslif gd dlms if |wg 7: ' %

Lk`wdls ils cfeg÷gs qìzmils

\wmcn Sylq yldaíd zfigd sgq

mesylklils cfd f wsf ig colxgs

Lkkge%

Egsyg clsf+ igxg$sg ygq f cwmilif ig

eãf meyqfiwrmq l colxg Lkkge

igdlsmlildgeyg+ zlql eãf

ilemhmclq cfdzfegeygs meygqefs%

Zqfhweimilig if ywaf mesgqmif

Dmem

\SD Zliqãf

\S Dgyìkmcl

\S$H Làf mefmiìxgk

CQ\S Leym$coldls

\S$X:

Hlml ig fzgqlàãf ^alqT – :+=7 … .<: – :+=7 … .<8 – :+=7… .<: Hlml ig ygdzgqlywql ^ºCT : … 8: : … <7: : … 8:

9 Hgsyf Aq%



Cfeg÷gs Qìzmils Síqmg \wmcn Sylq Cfdamelà÷gs

Cfdamelà÷gs zfssäxgms cfeg÷gs&ywafs Ymzf Qfscl ∇ gygqef if ywaf

3 9 8 ? <: <1 <8

Dmem

\ D D3 – – – – – D7 – – – – D8 – – – – – – D0 – – – – – D? – – – – – – Qx – – – – –

@x – – – – – Zliqãf

\ D7 – – – – – Qx – – – Q» – – Q} – – Q´ – – – – @x – – – – @» – – – @} – – – @´ – – – – –

Leym$coldls

\ $X: Qx – – – – – Q» – – – Q} – – – – Q´ – – – – – @x – – – – – @» – – – @} – – – – @´ – – – – –

Dgylk

\ $H D7 – – – – – D0 – – – – – @x – – – – @» – – – – @} – – – – @´ – – – – –

Làf mefmiìxgk

CQ\S D7 – – – – –

Qx – – – – – Q» – – – – – Q} – – – – – Q´ – – – – –

Cfdamelàãf zfssäxgk ig qfcl& ∇ gygqef if ywaf

Cfdamelàãf miglk ig qfcl& ∇ gygqef if ywaf

Hgsyf Aq% 7



Cfeg÷gs Qìzmils \SD $ Síqmg Dmem Ilifs yícemcfs

Cfeg÷gs qìzmils

\SD

Qfscl dlcof

cfd sgylxlif gygqef

Qfscl D

Qfscl Q

Imdges÷gs g ilifs zlql zgimif Cfegãf Yldleof

efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf I7

∇ K< K1 K3 Ö Zgsf&

wemilig Cóim`f Ymzf

I< ^ddT I1 ^`T

Qfscl díyqmcl cfd legk ig xgilàãf D3 <+1 3 7+7 <3 3 – 7+7 < <73 3:< \SD$D3$3

<+1 9 ? <8 3 – ? 1 <73 3:3 \SD$D3$9 D7 1 3 ? <7+7 3+7 – ? 9 <73 3:1 \SD$D7$3

1+9 9 ? <8 3+7 – ? 3+7 <73 3:9 \SD$D7$9 1+9 8 <: <0+7 3+7 – <: 7 <73 3:8 \SD$D7$8

Qfscl Q Qx 3 9 – <8 ? <1 <: 8 <73 3:7 \SD$x$9

9+8 8 – <? ? <9 <: 8 <73 3:0 \SD$x$8

Zqfiwyfs zgqygecgeygs lf Zqf`qldl ig Hfqegcmdgeyf Hgsyf Aqlsmk

8 Hgsyf Aq%




Cfeg÷gs qìzmils

\SD$%%%$M

Qfscl dlcof

cfd sgylxlif meygqef

Qfscl D

Qfscl Q


efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf I7



I< ^ddT I1 ^`T

Qfscl díyqmcl cfd legk ig xgilàãf D3 <+7 3 ? <8+7 3+3 – <+7 1+3 <73 3<1 \SD$D3$3$M

<+7 9 ? <8+7 3+3 – <+7 1+3 <73 3<9 \SD$D3$9$M D7 1+1 3 ? <8+0 3+7 – 1 3+3 <73 3<3 \SD$D7$3$M

1+8 9 ? <8+0 3+7 – 1+7 3 <73 3<7 \SD$D7$9$M 1+8 8 =+? <?+3 3+7 – 1+7 9+7 <73 3<0 \SD$D7$8$M

D0 3+< 9 =+? <?+= 7+7 – 3 8 <73 3<= \SD$D0$9$M 9+1 8 =+? 1:+= 7+7 – 9 8+9 <73 31< \SD$D0$8$M

Qfscl Q Qx 3+< 9 <: <8 ? <<+7 3 8 <73 3<8 \SD$x$9$M

9+1 8 <: <? ? <3+7 9 8 <73 3<? \SD$x$8$M

Cfeg÷gs qìzmils

\SDZ

Qfscl dlcof


Imdges÷gs g ilifs zlql zgimif Cfegãf ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf I7

∇ K< K1 Ö Zgsf & wemilig Cóim`f Ymzf

I< I1 ^`T

Qfscl díyqmcl cfd legk ig xgilàãf

D8:+07 9 ? <9+7 3+7 1+7 3 <73 31: \SDZ$D8$9 D?:+07 8 <: <7 9 9 9 <73 311 \SDZ$D?$8


Hgsyf Aq% 0




Wemãf ig ywafs

\SD

Imdges÷gs g ilifs zlql zgimif ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf Yldleof

efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf I7

∇ K< Zgsf & wemilig Cóim`f Ymzf

I< ^ddT I1 ^`T

3 1 3 8 1: <+7 <73 313 \SD$3 9 3 9 ? 13+7 1 <73 319 \SD$9 8 9 8 <:+7 17 9 <73 317 \SD$8 cfd qgiwàãf 9 1 3 ? 13+7 3 <73 318 \SD$9$3 8 3 9 <:+7 17 9 <73 310 \SD$8$9

Wemãf ig ywafs awkn ogli

\SDS


if ywaf Yldleof

efdmelk I7 I8



I< ^ddT ^`T

3 1 D?:+07 0 <=+7 0 0+7 <: 3 <73 307 \SDS$3

9 3 D<:< = 19 =+7 0+7 <1 8 <73 308 \SDS$9 8 9 D<1< << 17 << 8 <9 = <73 300 \SDS$8


? Hgsyf Aq%




Yldzãf zlql hgcoldgeyf ig ywafs

\SDC

Ilifs zlql zgimif

∇ efdmelk if

ywaf Zgsf & wemilig

^`T Cóim`f Ymzf

3 :+7 <73 3?< \SDC$3

Wemãf cfd ywaf ig wemãf qgiwyfq

\SD$…O

Imdges÷gs g ilifs zlql zgimif ∇ il

cfegãf Yldleof

efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf I7


I< ^ddT I1 ^`T

9 1+7 3 ? 39 <+7 <73 31? \SD$9O$3 8 3 9 =+7 3= 1+7 <73 31= \SD$8O$9

Yldzãf zlql cfeg÷gs

\SDC$…O

Ilifs zlql zgimif ∇ efdmelk if Zgsf & wemilig Cóim`f Ymzf ywaf ^`T

3 :+7 <73 3?1 \SDC$3O


Hgsyf Aq% =




Cfeg÷gs qìzmils gd Y

\SDY

Qfylàãf ig 38:º

Qfscl dlcof

cgeyqlk

cfd sgylxlif gygqef

Qfscl D

Qfscl Q


efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf I7

∇ O< O1 O3 K< Ö Zgsf&


I< ^ddT I1 ^`T

Qfscl díyqmcl cfd legk ig xgilàãf D3 <+1 3 8+7 <1 3 – 11 7+7 1 <73 37< \SDY$D3$3

<+1 9 ?+7 <7 3 – 10 ? 9 <73 373 \SDY$D3$9 D7 <+1 3 8+7 <3+7 3+7 – 11 ? 3+7 <73 371 \SDY$D7$3

1+9 9 ?+7 <9+7 3+7 – 10 ? 9+7 <73 379 \SDY$D7$9 1+9 8 << <7+7 3+7 – 3: ? 8 <73 378 \SDY$D7$8

Qfscl Q Qx 3 9 ?+7 <0 ? <3 10 <: 0 <73 377 \SDY$x$9

9 8 << <? ? <9 3: <: ? <73 370 \SDY$x$8


Hgsyf Aq% <<





\SDYK

Qfylàãf ig 38:º

Qfscl dlcof

klygqlk

cfd sgylxlif gygqef

Qfscl D

Qfscl Q


efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf I7

∇ O< O1 O3 O9 K< Ö Zgsf&


I< ^ddT I1 ^`T

Qfscl díyqmcl cfd legk ig xgilàãf D3 <+1 3 8+7 13 3 – <1 << 7+7 1+7 <73 37? \SDYK$D3$3

<+1 9 ?+7 1?+7 3 – <7 <3+7 ? 9 <73 38: \SDYK$D3$9 D7 <+1 3 8+7 19+7 3+7 – <3+7 << ? 9+7 <73 37= \SDYK$D7$3

1+9 9 ?+7 10+7 3+7 – <9+7 <3 ? 7 <73 38< \SDYK$D7$9 1+9 8 <:+7 3:+7 3+7 – <7+7 <7 ? 8 <73 383 \SDYK$D7$8

Qfscl Q Qx 3 9 ?+7 3: ? <3 <0 <3 <: 0 <73 381 \SDYK$x$9

9 8 <:+7 33 ? <9 <? <7 <: ?+7 <73 389 \SDYK$x$8


<1 Hgsyf Aq%




Wemãf ig ywafs gd Y

\SDY


if ywaf Yldleof

efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf I7

∇ I8

∇ O< O1 K< K1 Zgsf&


I< ^ddT I1 ^`T

3 1 3 8 3+1 << 9+7 11 = 1 <73 387 \SDY$3 9 3 9 ? 3+1 <3+7 7+7 10 << 1 <73 388 \SDY$9 8 9 8 <:+7 3+1 <7+7 8+7 3< <3 9 <73 380 \SDY$8 cfd qgiwàãf 9 1+7 3 ? 3+1 <3 7+7 10 << 3%7 <73 38? \SDY$9$3 8 3 9 <:+7 3+1 <7 8+7 3: <3 9 <73 38= \SDY$8$9


Hgsyf Aq% <3




Wemãf ig ywafs gd _

\SD_


if ywaf Yldleof

efdmelk I7

∇ I8



I< ^ddT ^`T

Qfscl díyqmcl cfd legk ig xgilàãf 3 1 ? 3+1 <3+7 7+7 10 << 9 <73 30? \SD_$3 9 1+7 ? 3+1 <3+7 7+7 10 << 9 <73 30= \SD_$9 8 9 <:+7 3+1 <7+7 8+7 3< <3 7 <73 3?: \SD_$8

Wemãf ig ywafs gd ]

\SD]


if ywaf Yldleof

efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf I7

∇ I8

∇ O< K< K1 Zgsf&


I<

^ddT

I1

^`T

Qfscl díyqmcl cfd legk ig xgilàãf 3 1 3 ? 3+1 ? 1?+7 <3 3 <73 30: \SD]$3 9 1 9 ? 3+1 ? 1= <3 3 <73 30< \SD]$9 8 3 8 <:+7 3+1 <:+7 3<+7 <9+7 7+7 <73 301 \SD]$8 cfd qgiwàãf 9 <+7 3 ? 3+1 ? 1?+7 <3 3 <73 303 \SD]$9$3 8 3 9 <:+7 3+1 <:+7 3<+7 <9 7 <73 309 \SD]$8$9


<9 Hgsyf Aq%



Cfeg÷gs Qìzmils \S $ Síqmg Zliqãf Ilifs yícemcfs

Cfeg÷gs Qìzmils

\S

Qfscl dlcof

cfd sgylxlif gygqef

Qfscl Q \S$}$<8


efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf I7 K< K1 K3 K9 Ö Zgsf&


I< ^ddT I1 ^`T

Qfscl Q Qx 3 9 – 1< ? <0 – <: ?+7 <73 ::< \S$x$9

9+8 8 – 11+7 ? <?+7 – <1 = <73 ::1 \S$x$8 8 ? – 1? ? 19 – <9 <7 <73 ::9 \S$x$? 8 <: – 3:+3 ? 18+3 – <0 11+7 <=: 893 \S$x$<:

Q» 3 9 – 1< << <7 – <9 <8 <=: 899 \S$»$9 9+8 8 – 19+7 << <?+7 – <9 <0 <73 ::3 \S$»$8 0 ? – 18+7 << 1:+7 – <9 – <73 ::7 \S$»$? ?+7 <: – 3: << 19 – <0 1: <73 ::0 \S$»$<: << <1 – 38 << 3: – 1< – <89 =?: \S$»$<1

Q} 9+8 8 – 13+7 <1 <0+< – <0 10 <=: 897 \S$}$8 0 ? – 19 <1 <0+7 – <0 13 <73 ::8 \S$}$? ?+7 <: – 1=+7 <1 13 – <0 18 <73 ::? \S$}$<: << <1 – 31 <1 17+7 – 1< 37+7 <73 ::= \S$}$<1 << <8 13+? 9<+= <1 37+9 <: 11 7=+7 <89 =70 \S$}$<8

Q´ ?+7 <: – 3:+3 <7 11+< – 1< 9= <=: 898 \S$´$<:

<< <1 – 39 <7 18 – 1< 9=+7 <73 :<: \S$´$<1 <3 <8 – 9<+7 <7 33+7 – 19 80 <73 :<< \S$´$<8


Hgsyf Aq% <7



Cfeg÷gs Qìzmils \S $ Síqmg ZliqãfIlifs yícemcfs

Cfeg÷gs Qìzmils

\S$…$M

Qfscl dlcof


Qfscl Q


efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf I7



I< ^ddT I1 ^`T

Qfscl Q Qx 1+8 9 =+7 1< ? <0 1+7 ? <73 :<1 \S$x$9$M

9+1 8 <1 11+7 ? <?+7 9 ? <73 :<3 \S$x$8$M 7+3 ? <3+0 1? ? 19 7 <9 <73 :<7 \S$x$?$M 7+: <: <0+0 3:+3 ? 18+3 7 17 <=: 890 \S$x$<:$M

Q» 9+1 8 <9 11+7 << <8+7 9 <9 <73 :<9 \S$»$8$M 8+3 ? <9 18+7 << 1:+7 8 <9+7 <73 :<8 \S$»$?$M 8+3 <: <0+0 3: << 19 0 11 <73 :<? \S$»$<:$M 8+7 <1 1:+? 37+= << 1=+= 8 9: <=: 89= \S$»$<1$M

Q} 8+3 ? <0 19 <1 <0+7 8 11 <73 :<0 \S$}$?$M 8+3 <: <? 1=+7 <1 13 8 10 <73 :<= \S$}$<:$M ?+7 <1 1< 31 <1 17+7 ? 33+7 <73 :1: \S$}$<1$M

Q´ 8+3 <: 1:+? 3:+3 <7 11+< 8 9? <=: 89? \S$´$<:$M

?+7 <1 1< 39 <7 18 ? 9? <73 :1< \S$´$<1$M


<8 Hgsyf Aq%




Cfeg÷gs Qìzmils

\SH

Qfscl h âdgl

cfd sgylxlif gygqef

Qfscl @


efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf I7

∇ K< K1 Ö Zgsf&


I< ^ddT I1 ^`T

Qfscl @ @x 3 9 << 19+7 ? <9 <7+7 <73 :11 \SH$x$9$A

9+8 8 <3 18+7 ? <9 <? <73 :13 \SH$x$8$A 8 ? <9+7 1? ? <9 <=+7 <73 :17 \SH$x$?$A

@» 3 9 << 10+9 << <0 1<+7 <=: 87: \SH$»$9$A 9+8 8 <3 1= << <0 17 <73 :19 \SH$»$8$A 8 ? <7 3< << <0 10 <73 :18 \SH$»$?$A ?+7 <: <0+7 39 << <0 31 <73 :1? \SH$»$<:$A << <1 1< 37+? << 1< 77+7 <=: 87< \SH$»$<1$A

@} 9+8 8 <3 3:+9 <1+7 1< 3:+7 <=: 871 \SH$}$8$A 8 ? <7 31 <1 1< 38 <73 :10 \SH$}$?$A ?+7 <: <0+7 37 <1 1< 9< <73 :1= \SH$}$<:$A << <1 1< 30 <1 1< 7<+7 <73 :3: \SH$}$<1$A

@´ << <1 1:+? 9:+? <7+? 19 7? <=: 873 \SH$´$<1$A

<3 <8 17 93+? <0 17 0= <=: 879 \SH$´$<8$A


Hgsyf Aq% <0




Wemãf ig ywafs

\S


if ywaf Yldleof

efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf I7


I< ^ddT I1 ^`T

9 3+? 9 <: 3< 7 <73 :3< \S$9 8 7+7 8 <1+7 37 8+7 <73 :31 \S$8 ? 0 ? <9+7 3? =+7 <73 :33 \S$? <: = <: <0+7 99 <8 <73 :39 \S$<: <1 << <1 1< 9? 11 <73 :37 \S$<1 <8 <3 <8 17 7: 17 <73 :38 \S$<8 cfd qgiwàãf 8 3 9 <1+7 39+7 8+7 <73 :30 \S$8$9 ? – 9 <9+7 3?+? << <3: 8:8 \S$?$9

7+7 8 <9+7 3?+7 = <73 :3? \S$?$8 <: – 8 <0+7 97+1 <8 <3: 8:0 \S$<:$8

0 ? <0+7 99 <9+7 <73 :3= \S$<:$? <1 – ? 1< 9=+9 19 <3: 8:? \S$<1$?

= <: 1< 73+7 11+7 <73 :9: \S$<1$<:


<? Hgsyf Aq%





\SS


if ywaf Yldleof

efdmelk I7 I8



I< ^ddT ^`T

9 3 D<1< << 3< <9+7 0 <9 <:+7 <73 <70 \SS$9 8 9+8 D<9< <1+7 37 <7 <: <0 <8 <73 <7? \SS$8 ? 8 D<8< <9+7 30+7 <? = <= <=+7 <73 <7= \SS$? <: ? D1:< <?+7 93 <?+7 <3 19 30+7 <73 <8: \SS$<: <1 << D11< 1:+7 90 <8+7 <? 10 78 <73 <8< \SS$<1

Cfeg÷gs qìzmils awkn ogli\SSH

cfd qfscl h âdgl

Qfscl @


efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf I7

∇ K< K1 K3 Ö < Ö 1 Zgsf&


I< ^ddT I1 ^`T

@x 3 9 D<1< 17 ? 7+7 <9 <9 <?+7 <73 <81 \SSH$x$9$A 8 8 D<9< 10+7 ? 0+7 <0 <0 1=+7 <73 <83 \SSH$x$8$A ? ? D<8< 1= ? << <= <= 3?+7 <73 <87 \SSH$x$?$A

@» 3 9 D<1< 10+7 << 7+7 <0 <9 19 <=: 877 \SSH$»$9$A @» 8 8 D<9< 3:+7 << 0+7 <0 <0 1=+7 <73 <89 \SSH$»$8$A

? ? D<8< 31 << << <= <= 9:+7 <73 <88 \SSH$»$?$A <: <: D1:< 37 << =+7 19 19 00+7 <73 <8? \SSH$»$<:$A

@} 9+8 8 D<9< 3< <1+7 0+7 <= <0 19+7 <=: 878 \SSH$}$8$A @} ? ? D<8< 33 <1 << <= <= 39 <73 <80 \SSH$}$?$A

<: <: D1:< 38 <1 =+7 19 19 03 <73 <8= \SSH$}$<:$A <1 <1 D11< 3= <1 <<+7 19 10 ?7 <73 <0: \SSH$}$<1$A

@´ <1 <1 D11< 91 <7 <<+7 19 10 ?: <73 <0< \SSH$´$<1$A

<3 <8 D10<+7 93 <0 0+9 1= 31 <9< <=: 870 \SSH$´$<8


Hgsyf Aq% <=




Yldzãf ig hgcoldgeyf ig ywafs

\SC

Imdges÷gs g ilifs zlql zgimif ∇ efdmelk if

ywaf I7

∇ I8


I< ^`T

9 <: 0 <8+7 1+7 <73 181 \SC$9 8 <3 = <?+7 3+7 <73 183 \SC$8 ? <7 << 1: 7 <73 189 \SC$? <: <? <3 11+7 ? <73 187 \SC$<: <1 1<+7 <8 13 <<+7 <73 188 \SC$<1

Wemãf ig ywafs

\S$…

O cfd ywaf qgiwyfq


if ywaf Yldleof

efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf I7

∇ K< K1 Zgsf & wemilig Cóim`f Ymzf

I< ^ddT I1 ^`T 8 9 9 <: 9<+7 <=+1 3+8 <73 :9< \S$8O$9 ? – 9 <1+7 99+1 1:+0 9+0 <3: 811 \S$?O$9 ? 7 8 <1+7 99+? 1<+3 7 <73 :91 \S$?O$8 <: – 8 <9+7 98+? 1<+? 8+7 <3: 813 \S$<:O$8 <: 0+7 ? <9+7 98+0 1<+0 0 <73 :93 \S$<:O$? <1 – ? <0+7 73+0 17+1 << <3: 819 \S$<1O$? <1 = <: <0+7 79+7 17+7 <1 <73 :99 \S$<1O$<:


1: Hgsyf Aq%




Yldzãf zlql cfeg÷gs \S

\SC$…O

Imdges÷gs g ilifs zlql zgimif ∇ il cfegãf I7

∇ I8

∇ K< K1 Zgsf & wemilig Cóim`f Ymzf

I< ^`T

9 7 3 1? <7 :+7 <73 180 \SC$9O 8 0 3 33 <0 :+7 <73 18? \SC$8O ? = 9 30 <? < <73 18= \SC$?O <: << 7 91 1:+7 1 <73 10: \SC$<:O <1 <3 8 99 13 1+7 <73 10< \SC$<1O <8 <0 ? 98 19 9 <73 101 \SC$<8O


Hgsyf Aq% 1<




Cfeg÷gs Qìzmils gd K

\SK

Qfylàãf ig 38:º

Qfscl dlcof

cfd sgylxlif gygqef

Qfscl Q


efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf I7



I< ^ddT I1 ^`T

Qfscl Q Qx 3 9 <: 13+7 ? <=+7 <?+7 <: <1 <73 :97 \SK$x$9

9+8 8 <1+7 17 ? 1< 1: <1 <9 <73 :98 \SK$x$8 8 ? <9+7 1? ? 19 13 <9 <? <73 :9? \SK$x$? 8 <: <0+7 33 ? 1=+< 18+1 <0 3< <=: 87? \SK$x$<:

Q» 3 9 <: 18+3 << 1:+3 <? <9 1< <=: 87= \SK$»$9 9+8 8 <1+7 1? << 11 1: <9 11 <73 :90 \SK$»$8 8 ? <9+7 3< << 17 13 <9 19 <73 :9= \SK$»$? ? <: <0+7 30 << 3:+7 18+7 <0 39 <73 :7< \SK$»$<: <: <1 1< 3? << 31 1=+7 1< – <89 =?< \SK$»$<1

Q} 9+8 8 <1+7 1=+? <1 13+0 <=+0 <0 37 <=: 88: \SK$}$8 8 ? <9+7 33 <1 18+7 13 <0 30 <73 :7: \SK$}$? ? <: <0+7 9: <1 31 18+7 <0 91 <73 :71 \SK$}$<: <: <1 1< 9<+7 <1 39 1=+7 1< 7<+7 <73 :73 \SK$}$<1 << <8 17 90 << 9:+7 33+7 11 ?<+7 <89 =7? \SK$}$<8

Q´ ? <: <0+7 9: <7 3<+= 18+1 1< 89 <=: 88< \SK$´$<: <: <1 1< 33 <7 1= 1=+7 1< 88 <73 :79 \SK$´$<1 <3 <8 17 7< <7 93 33+7 11 ?7+7 <73 :77 \SK$´$<8


11 Hgsyf Aq%




Cfeg÷gs Qìzmils gd K+ kfe`l

\SKK

Qfylàãf ig 38:º

Qfscl dlcof

cfd sgylxlif gygqef

Qfscl Q


efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf I7

∇ O< K< K1 K3 Ö Zgsf&


I< ^ddT I1 ^`T

Qfscl Q Qx 3 9 <: <0 30 ? 31+7 <: <? <73 :08 \SKK$x$9

9+8 8 <1+7 1: 3? ? 39 <1 18 <73 :00 \SKK$x$8 8 ? <9+7 11+7 93+7 ? 3=+7 <9 38+7 <73 :0= \SKK$x$?

Q» 1+? 9 <: <? 3?+3 << 31+3 <9 39 <=: 881 \SKK$»$9 9+8 8 <1+7 1: 9< << 37 <9 3= <73 :0? \SKK$»$8 8 ? <9+7 11+7 98+7 << 9:+7 <9 91+7 <73 :?: \SKK$»$? ? <: <0+7 18 79+7 << 9?+7 <0 87 <73 :?1 \SKK$»$<:

Q} 9+8 8 <1+7 <=+0 93+3 <1 30+1 <0 8< <=: 883 \SKK$}$8 8 ? <9+7 11+7 9?+7 <1 91 <0 87+7 <73 :?< \SKK$}$? ? <: <0+7 18 77+7 <1 9= <0 03 <73 :?3 \SKK$}$<: <: <1 1< 1=+7 8< <1 79+7 1< <:0 <73 :?9 \SKK$}$<1

Q´ ? <: <0+7 18+1 8: <7 7<+= 1< <1: <=: 889 \SKK$´$<:

<: <1 1< 1=+7 89 <7 78 1< <11 <73 :?7 \SKK$´$<1


Hgsyf Aq% 13





\SKH

Qfscl h âdgl

cfd sgylxlif gygqef

Qfscl @


efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf I7

∇ O< O1 K< Ö Zgsf&


I< ^ddT I1 ^`T

Qfscl @ @x 3 9 <: 11+7 ? <0 <9 <9+7 <73 103 \SKH$x$9$A

9+8 8 <1+7 11 ? <=+7 <9 <7+7 <73 109 \SKH$x$8$A 8 ? <9+7 17 ? 11+7 <9 <= <73 108 \SKH$x$?$A

@» 9+8 8 <1+7 17 << <=+7 <0 11 <73 107 \SKH$»8$A 8 ? <9+7 1? << 11+7 <0 17 <73 100 \SKH$»$?$A 8 <: <0+7 31 << 18 <= 3?+7 <73 10= \SKH$»$<:$A

@} 8 ? <9+7 1= <1 11+7 1< 3:+7 <73 10? \SKH$}$?$A 8 <: <0+7 33 <1 18 1< 9< <73 1?: \SKH$}$<:$A


19 Hgsyf Aq%




Cfeg÷gs qìzmils gd K

\SKX$…$M

Qfylàãf ig 38:º

Qfscl dlcof


Qfscl Q


efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf I7



I< ^ddT I1 ^`T

Qfscl Q Qx 9+8 8 <3 19 ? <<+7 13+7 7 <7 <73 :=0 \SKX$x$8$M

8 ? <9 10 ? <1 18+7 ? 11 <73 :== \SKX$x$?$M Q» 9+8 8 <3 10 << <1+7 13+7 7 1<+7 <73 :=? \SKX$»$8$M

8 ? <9 3: << <3 18+7 ? 1? <73 <:: \SKX$»$?$M ? <: <? 39 << <9+7 3:+7 <: 9< <73 <:1 \SKX$»$<:$M

Q} 8 ? <9 3< <1 <3+7 18+7 ? 38+7 <73 <:< \SKX$}$?$M ? <: <? 37 <1 <7+7 3:+7 <: 9=+7 <73 <:3 \SKX$}$<:$M <: <1 1< 3= <1 <0 38+7 <1 8? <73 <:9 \SKX$}$<1$M

Q´ <: <1 1< 91 <7 <8+7 38+7 <1 ?3 <73 <:7 \SKX$´$<1$M


Hgsyf Aq% 17





\SKX

Qfylàãf ig 38:º

Qfscl dlcof

cfd sgylxlif gygqef

Qfscl D

Qfscl Q


efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf I7



I< ^ddT I1 ^`T

Qfscl D D7 <+? 8 <1+7 <0+1 1+= <:+9 13 ? ?7 <=: 888 \SKX$D$7$8 Qfscl Q Qx 9 9 <: 10 ? <1 11+7 <9 1: <73 :?8 \SKX$x$9

9 8 <1+7 10 ? <1 19 <9 37+7 <73 :?0 \SKX$x$8 9 ? <9+7 10 ? <1 18 <9 30 <73 :?= \SKX$x$?

Q» 9+8 8 <1+7 3<+7 << <3+7 10 <0 31+7 <73 :?? \SKX$»$8 7+< ? <9+7 3<+7 << <3+7 1?+7 <0 7=+7 <73 :=: \SKX$»$? 7+< <: <0+7 3<+7 << <9+7 3:+7 <0 81+7 <73 :=1 \SKX$»$<:

Q} 8 ? <9+7 38 <1 <7+7 3:+7 1< 79+7 <73 :=< \SKX$}$? 8+8 <: <0+7 38 <1 <7+7 33 1< 88 <73 :=3 \SKX$}$<: 8+8 <1 1< 38 <1 <0 37 1< =0+7 <73 :=9 \SKX$}$<1

Q´ ? <1 1< 9:+7 <7 <8+7 3? 19 <:: <73 :=7 \SKX$´$<1

? <8 17 9?+7 <7 11 38+7 19 <<7 <73 :=8 \SKX$´$<8


18 Hgsyf Aq%




Wemãf ig ywafs gd K

\SK


if ywaf Yldleof

efdmelk I7

∇ I8

∇ O< O1 Zgsf & wemilig Cóim`f Ymzf

I< ^ddT ^`T

9 1+? <: – <0 – 7 <73 :0: \SK$9 8 7 <1+7 3+1 1:+7 ? 0+7 <73 :0< \SK$8 ? 0 <7 9+1 11 <: <: <73 :01 \SK$? <: = <0+7 9+1 18 <1 <0 <73 :03 \SK$<: <1 << 1< 9+1 1= <9 19+7 <73 :09 \SK$<1 <8 <3 17 9+1 33 <1 3: <73 :07 \SK$<8


\SK$…O

cfd ywaf ig wemãf

Imdges÷gs g ilifs zlql zgimif

∇ wemãf Yldleof

efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf I7

∇ O< K< Zgsf & wemilig Cóim`f Ymzf

I< ^ddT I1 ^`T

9 1+7 9 <: 17 1: 3+7 <73 :78 \SK$9O 8 9 8 <1+7 1?+7 13 7+7 <73 :70 \SK$8O ? 8 ? <9+7 3:+7 18 ? <73 :7? \SK$?O <: 0+7 <: <0+7 33+7 3: <1+7 <73 :7= \SK$<:O <1 =+7 <1 1< 3?+7 31+7 <0+7 <73 :8: \SK$<1O cfd qgiwàãf 8 1+7 9 <1+7 1?+7 11 7+7 <73 :8< \SK$8O$9 ? 9 8 <9+7 3:+7 18 0 <73 :81 \SK$?O$8 <: 8 ? <0+7 33+7 1= << <73 :83 \SK$<:O$? <1 0+7 <: 1< 3= 31+7 <0 <73 :89 \SK$<1O$<:


Hgsyf Aq% 10




Cfeg÷gs Qìzmils gd Y

\SY

Qfylàãf ig 38:º

Qfscl dlcof

cgeyqlk

cfd sgylxlif gygqef

Qfscl Q


efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf I7



I< ^ddT I1 ^`T

Qfscl Q Qx 3 9 <: 13+7 ? <=+7 39 <: <9 <73 <:8 \SY$x$9

9+8 8 <3 18 ? 11 9< <1 <0+7 <73 <:0 \SY$x$8 8 ? <7 18+7 ? 11+7 97 <9 11+7 <73 <:= \SY$x$? 8 <: <0+7 33 ? 1=+< 7:+9 <0 3?+7 <=: 880 \SY$x$<:

Q» 3 9 <: 18+3 << 1:+3 33+? <9 19 <=: 88? \SY$»$9 9+8 8 <3 1= << 13 9< <9 17+7 <73 <:? \SY$»$8 8 ? <7 1=+7 << 13+7 97 <9 1? <73 <<: \SY$»$? ? <: <0+7 38 << 3: 7< <0 9<+7 <73 <<1 \SY$»$<: ? <1 1< 3? << 31 78+? 1< 8<+7 <=: 88= \SY$»$<1

Q} 9+8 8 <3 3:+? <1 19+9 9:+1 <0 3?+7 <=: 80: \SY$}$8 8 ? <7 3<+7 <1 17 97 <0 9< <73 <<< \SY$}$? ? <: <0+7 30 <1 3:+7 7< <0 7:+7 <73 <<3 \SY$}$<: <: <1 1< 3= <1 31+7 78 1< 8<+7 <73 <<9 \SY$}$<1 << <8 17 90 << 9:+7 80 11 =7 <89 =7= \SY$}$<8

Q´ ? <: <0+7 9: <7 3<+= 7:+9 1< 01+7 <=: 801 \SY$´$<:

<: <1 1< 91 <7 39 78 1< 00 <73 <<7 \SY$´$<1 <3 <8 17 7< <7 93 80 11 == <73 <<8 \SY$´$<8


1? Hgsyf Aq%





\SY


if ywaf Yldleof

efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf I7

∇ I8



I< ^ddT I1 ^`T

9 3 9 <: – <0 – 39 – 0 <73 <1? \SY$9 8 9+8 8 <3 3+1 1: ? 9: <8 <:+7 <73 <1= \SY$8 ? 8 ? <7 3+1 11 = 99 <? <7+7 <73 <3: \SY$? <: ? <: <? 9+1 17+7 <1 7< 19 17+7 <73 <3< \SY$<: <1 <: <1 1<+7 9+1 1? <9 78 1? 38 <73 <31 \SY$<1 <8 <3 <8 17+7 9+1 33 <1 88 19 93+7 <73 <33 \SY$<8 cfd qgiwàãf 8 3 9 <3 3+1 1: ? 9< <8 << <73 <39 \SY$8$9 ? – 9 <7 3+7 13+1 = 99+9 <? <8 <3: 8<3 \SY$?$9

7 8 <7 3+1 1:+7 = 97 <? <7 <73 <37 \SY$?$8 <: – 8 <0+7 9+1 10 <1 7:+9 19 17 <3: 8<9 \SY$<:$8

0 ? <0+7 9+1 17 <1 7< 19 19 <73 <38 \SY$<:$? <1 – ? 1< 9+1 1=+? <9 78+? 1? 3? <3: 8<7 \SY$<1$?

= <: 1< 9+1 1=+7 <9 7= 1? 38 <73 <30 \SY$<1$<: <8 – <1 17 9+1 33+1 <1 88+1 19 97 <3: 8<8 \SY$<8$<1


Hgsyf Aq% 1=





\SYK

Qfylàãf ig 38:º

Qfscl dlcof

klygqlk

cfd sgylxlif gygqef

Qfscl Q


efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf I7

∇ O< O1 O3 O9 K< Ö Zgsf&


I< ^ddT I1 ^`T

Qfscl Q Qx 3 9 <: 9<+7 ? 19+7 1:+7 <0 <: <9+7 <73 <<0 \SYK$x$9

9+8 8 <3 98 ? 18 11 1: <1 <0 <73 <<? \SYK$x$8 8 ? <7 7:+7 ? 1?+7 19 11 <9 11+7 <73 <1: \SYK$x$?

Q» 9+8 8 <3 9= << 1= 13 1: <9 18 <73 <<= \SYK$»$8 8 ? <7 73+7 << 3<+7 17 11 <9 1?+7 <73 <1< \SYK$»$? ? <: <0+7 8<+7 << 38 3: 17+7 <0 9<+7 <73 <13 \SYK$»$<:

Q} 8 ? <7 77 <1 33 18+7 11 <0 9< <73 <11 \SYK$}$? ? <: <0+7 81+7 <1 30 3:+7 17+7 <0 7:+7 <73 <19 \SYK$}$<: <: <1 1< 80 <1 3= 31+7 1? 1< 81+7 <73 <17 \SYK$}$<1

Q´ <: <1 1< 0: <7 91 39 1? 1< 00+7 <73 <18 \SYK$´$<1

<3 <8 17 ?9+7 <7 7< 9< 33+7 11 == <73 <10 \SYK$´$<8

Wemãf ig ywafs

\S_


if ywaf Yldleof

efdmelk I7

∇ I8



I< ^ddT ^`T

?

0

<7

3+7

13+7

=

90

<?

1:

<73 1?7 \S_

$?

<: = <0+7 9+7 10+7 << 77 11 31 <73 1?8 \S_$<: <1 << 1< 9+7 3< <1 81 19 98 <73 1?0 \S_$<1


3: Hgsyf Aq%




Cfeg÷gs Qìzmils gd ]

\S]

Qfylàãf ig 38:º

Qfscl dlcof

cfd sgylxlif gygqef

Qfscl D

Qfscl Q


efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf I7

∇ I8

∇ O< K< K1 K3 K9 Ö Zgsf&


I< ^ddT I1 ^`T

Qfscl díyqmcl cfd legk ig xgilàãf D7 <+? 9 <: 3+9 << 30+9 1+= <3+= – <: <1 <=: 803 \S]$D7$9

<+? 8 <1+7 3+1 <1 9<+< 1+= <7+7 – <1 <8 <=: 809 \S]$D7$8 Qfscl Q Qx 3 9 <: 3+9 << 9< ? <9+7 3? <: <7 <73 <3? \S]$x$9

9+8 8 <3 3+1 <1 99+7 ? <8 9:+7 <1 <? <73 <3= \S]$x$8 8 ? <7 3+1 <9 9= ? <0+7 97 <9 13+7 <73 <9< \S]$x$?

Q» 3 9 <: 3+9 << 93+8 << <9+< 30+8 <9 13 <=: 807 \S]$»$9 Q» 9+8 8 <3 3+1 <1 90+7 << <8 9<+7 <9 17 <73 <9: \S]$»$8

8 ? <7 3+1 <9 71 << <0+7 98 <9 1=+7 <73 <91 \S]$»$? 0+7 <: <? 9+7 <? 7?+7 << 1: 71+7 <0 93 <73 <99 \S]$»$<:

Q} 8 ? <7 3+1 <9 73+7 <1 <0+7 90 <0 91+7 <73 <93 \S]$}$? 0+7 <: <? 9+7 <? 7=+7 <1 1: 73 <0 7<+7 <73 <97 \S]$}$<: = <1 1< 9+7 1: 89+7 <1 11+7 7? 1< 89+7 <73 <98 \S]$}$<1

Q´ = <1 1< 9+7 1: 80+7 <7 11+7 7=+7 1< 0=+7 <73 <90 \S]$´$<1


Hgsyf Aq% 3<





\S]

1 släils qgiwrmils

cfd qgiwàãf


if ywaf Yldleof

efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf I7

∇ I8

∇ O< K< K1 Zgsf&


I< ^ddT I1 ^`T

9 3 9 <: 3+9 << 31+? <9+< ? <73 <9? \S]$9 8 9+8 8 <1+7 3+9 <1 30+0 <7+? <:+7 <73 <9= \S]$8 ? 8 ? <9+7 3+1 <9 91+9 <0+1 <7+7 <73 <7: \S]$? <: 0+7 <: <? 9+7 <? 9?+9 <=+7 17+7 <73 <7< \S]$<: <1 = <1 1< 9+1 1: 79+? 11+1 30 <73 <71 \S]$<1 <8 – <8 17 9+7 19 81+1 11+< 97 <3: 8:= \S]$<8 cfd qgiwàãf 8 3 9 <3 3+1 <1 30+7 <7 <:+7 <73 <73 \S]$8$9 ? – 9 <7 3+1 <9 93+3 <?+1 <0 <3: 8<: \S]$?$9

9+8 8 <7 3+1 <9 91+7 <0+7 <9+7 <73 <79 \S]$?$8 <: – 8 <? 9+7 <? 7:+1 1<+3 10 <3: 8<< \S]$<:$8

8 ? <? 9+7 <? 9?+7 <=+7 13 <73 <77 \S]$<:$? <1 – ? 1< 9+1 1: 78+9 13+? 9: <3: 8<1 \S]$<1$?

0+7 <: 1< 9+7 1: 77 11+7 37+7 <73 <78 \S]$<1$<: <8 << <1 17 9+7 17 88+0 18+8 00 <=: 0:? \S]$<8$<1


31 Hgsyf Aq%




Cfeg÷gs Qìzmils gd ]

\S]K

Qfylàãf ig 38:º

Qfscl dlcof

cfd sgylxlif gygqef

Qfscl Q


efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf A< I7

∇ I8

∇ O< O1 K< K1 K3 Ö Zgsf&


I< ^ddT I1 ^`T

Qfscl Q Qx 3 9 << <: 3+1 13 <9+7 19+7 ? 1:+7 <: <7+7 <73 <01 \S]K$x$9

9+8 8 <1 <3 9+1 18+7 <8 1? ? 19 <9 <?+7 <73 <03 \S]K$x$8 8 ? <9 <7 9+1 1=+7 <0 3< ? 10 <9 17 <73 <07 \S]K$x$?

Q» 9+8 8 <1 <3 9+1 18+7 <8 3< << 17 <9 18+7 <73 <09 \S]K$»$8 8 ? <9 <7 9+1 1=+7 <0 39 << 1? <9 3:+7 <73 <08 \S]K$»$? ? <: <? <? 9+1 39 <= 30 << 3< <0 97 <73 <0? \S]K$»$<:

Q} 8 ? <9 <7 9+1 1=+7 <0 38 <1 1=+7 <0 99 <73 <00 \S]K$}$? ? <: <? <? 9+1 39 <= 3? <1 3<+7 <0 73+7 <73 <0= \S]K$}$<: <: <1 1: 11 9+1 37+7 1:+7 91 <1 37+7 1< 80 <73 <?: \S]K$}$<1

Q´ <: <1 1: 11 9+1 37+7 1:+7 97 <7 30 1< ?3 <73 <?< \S]K$´$<1


Hgsyf Aq% 33



Cfeg÷gs Qìzmils Dòkymzkls \S $ Síqmg ZliqãfIlifs yícemcfs

Cfeg÷gs Dòkymzkls

\SKX1

1 slä ils

Qfylàãf ig 38:º

Qfscl Q

Imdges÷gs g ilifs yícemcfs Cfegãf Yldleof

efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf I7

∇ O< O1 O3 O9 O7 K< Ö< Ö1 Zgsf&


I< ^ddT I1 ^`T

Qfscl Q Qx 3 9 <: 93+3 ? <8+< <9 3= 11+1 <9 – 1= <73 1<< \SKX1$x$9

9+8 8 <1+7 93+3 ? <8+< <9 3= 19+1 <9 – 3< <73 1<1 \SKX1$x$8 7+< ? <9+7 98+3 ? <0+8 <7 91 1?+1 <0 – 9? <73 1<9 \SKX1$x$?

Q» 9+8 8 <1+7 98+3 << <0+< <9 9: 19+1 <9 – 33 <73 1<3 \SKX1$»$8 7+< ? <9+7 9=+3 << <?+7 <7 93 1?+1 <0 – 7< <73 1<7 \SKX1$»$? 8+7 <: <? 70+? << 11 <? 7<+7 31+7 11 – ?= <73 1<0 \SKX1$»$<:

Q} 7+< ? <9+7 7:+3 <1 <=+1 <7 93+7 1?+1 <0 – 78 <73 1<8 \SKX1$}$? 8+7 <: <? 7?+? <1 11+0 <? 71 31+7 11 – =7 <73 1<? \SKX1$}$<: 0+8 <1 1< 8?+9 <1 10+3 1< 81+< 3?+1 10 – <71 <73 1<= \SKX1$}$<1

Q´ 0+8 <1 1< 0<+9 <7 1?+9 1< 83 3?+1 10 – <7= <73 11: \SKX1$´$<1


39 Hgsyf Aq%



Cfeg÷gs Qìzmils Dòkymzkls \S $ Síqmg Zliqãf Ilifs yícemcfs

Cfeg÷gs Dòkymzkls

\SKX3

3 slä ils

Qfylàãf ig 38:º

Qfscl Q


efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf I7

∇ O< O1 O3 O9 O7 K< Ö< Ö1 Zgsf&


I< ^ddT I1 ^`T

Qfscl Q Qx 3 9 <: 70+9 ? <8+< <9 73+9 11+1 <9 – 3? <73 11< \SKX3$x$9

9+8 8 <1+7 70+9 ? <8+< <9 73+9 19+1 <9 – 9< <73 111 \SKX3$x$8 7+< ? <9+7 8<+3 ? <0+8 <7 70+3 1?+1 <0 – 83 <73 119 \SKX3$x$?

Q» 9+8 8 <1+7 8:+9 << <0+< <9 79+9 19+1 <9 – 99 <73 113 \SKX3$»$8 7+< ? <9+7 89+3 << <?+7 <7 7?+3 1?+1 <0 – 88 <73 117 \SKX3$»$? 8+7 <: <? 07+? << 11 <? 8=+? 31+7 11 – <<9 <73 110 \SKX3$»$<:

Q} 7+< ? <9+7 87+3 <1 <=+1 <7 7= 1?+1 <0 – 0: <73 118 \SKX3$}$? 8+7 <: <? 08+? <7 11+0 <? 0:+7 31+7 11 – <1: <73 11? \SKX3$}$<: 0+8 <1 1< ?=+7 <1 10+3 1< ?3+1 3?+1 10 – <?? <73 11= \SKX3$}$<1

Q´ 0+8 <1 1< =1+7 <7 1?+9 1< ?9+3 3?+1 10 – <=8 <73 13: \SKX3$´$<1


Hgsyf Aq% 37




Cfeg÷gs Dòkymzkls

\SKX9

9 slä ils

Qfylàãf ig 38:º

Qfscl Q


efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf I7

∇ O< O1 O3 O9 O7 K< A< Ö< Ö1 Zgsf&


I< ^ddT I1 ^`T

Qfscl Q Qx 3 9 <: 93+3 ? <8+< <9 3=+3 11+1 <: <9 – 39 <73 13< \SKX9$x$9

9+8 8 <1+9 93+3 ? <8+< <9 3=+3 18+1 <1 <9 – 3? <73 131 \SKX9$x$8 7+< ? <9+9 98+3 ? <0+8 <7 91+3 1=+< <9 <0 – 70 <73 139 \SKX9$x$?

Q» 9+8 8 <1+9 98+3 << <0+< <9 91 18+1 <1 <9 – 9: <73 133 \SKX9$»$8 7+< ? <9+9 9=+3 << <?+7 <7 93+3 1=+< <9 <0 – 8: <73 137 \SKX9$»$? 8+7 <: <0+8 70+? <1 11 <? 7<+? 33+7 <0 11 – <:1 <73 130 \SKX9$»$<:

Q} 7+< ? <9+8 7:+3 <1 <=+1 <7 99 1=+< <9 <0 – 87 <73 138 \SKX9$}$? 8+7 <: <0+8 7?+7 <1 11+0 <? 71+7 33+7 <0 11 – <:= <73 13? \SKX9$}$<: 0+8 <1 1< 8?+9 <1 10+3 1< 81+< 30+9 1: 10 – <8? <73 13= \SKX9$}$<1

Q´ 0+8 <1 1< 0<+9 <7 1?+9 1< 83+1 30+9 1: 10 – <08 <73 19: \SKX9$´$<1


38 Hgsyf Aq%




Cfeg÷gs Dòkymzkls

\SKX8

8 slä ils

Qfylàãf ig 38:º

Qfscl Q


efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf I7

∇ O< O1 O3 O9 O7 K< A< Ö< Ö1 Zgsf&


I< ^ddT I1 ^`T

Qfscl Q Qx 3 9 <: 70+9 ? <8+< <9 73+9 11+1 <: <9 – 97 <73 19< \SKX8$x$9

9+8 8 <1+9 70+9 ? <8+< <9 73+9 18+1 <1 <9 – 7< <73 191 \SKX8$x$8 7+< ? <9+9 8<+3 ? <0+8 <7 70+3 1=+< <9 <0 – 08 <73 199 \SKX8$x$?

Q» 9+8 8 <1+9 8:+9 << <0+< <9 79+9 18+1 <1 <9 – 79 <73 193 \SKX8$»$8 7+< ? <9+9 89+3 << <?+7 <7 7?+3 1=+< <9 <0 – 0= <73 197 \SKX8$»$? 8+7 <: <0+8 07+? <1 11 <? 8=+? 33+7 <0 11 – <39 <73 190 \SKX8$»$<:

Q} 7+< ? <9+9 87+3 <1 <=+1 <7 7= 1=+< <9 <0 – ?9 <73 198 \SKX8$}$? 8+7 <: <0+8 08+? <7 11+0 <? 0:+7 33+7 <0 11 – <9: <73 19? \SKX8$}$<: 0+8 <1 1< ?=+7 <1 10+3 1< ?3+1 30+9 1: 10 – 1<9 <73 19= \SKX8$}$<1

Q´ 0+8 <1 1< =1+7 <7 1?+9 1< ?9+3 30+9 1: 10 – 11< <73 17: \SKX8$´$<1


Hgsyf Aq% 30




Cfeg÷gs Dòkymzkls

\S\

Qfylàãf ig 38:º

Qfscl dlcof


9 slä ils

Qfscl Q

Wem÷gs Dòkymzkls

\S\

Qfylàãf ig 38:º

9 släils qgiwrmils

cfd släils qgiwrmils

Imdges÷gs g ilifs yícemcfs

Cfegãf Yldleofefdmelk

∇ efdmelk if ywaf

A< I7∇

I8∇

I0∇

K< K1 K3 K9 Ö Zgsf& wemilig

Cóim`f Ymzf

I< ^ddT I1 ^`T

Qfscl Q Qx 1+3 9 <: <:+7 3+1 – 98 ? <9 91 <1 1<+7 <73 1:8 \S\$x$9

3+= 8 <3 <3 3+1 – 7:+7 ? <8 78+7 <1 1= <73 1:? \S\$x$8 Q» 1+3 9 <: <:+7 3+1 – 9= << <9 93 <9 1=+7 <73 1:0 \S\$»$9

3+= 8 <3 <3 3+1 – 73+7 << <8 9? <8 – <73 1?? \S\$»$8 cfd släils qgiwrmils 8 1+3 9 <: <:+7 3+1 <3 30+7 <9 – – – <9 <73 1:= \S\$8$9 ? 9 8 <3 <3 3+1 <9+7 91+7 <8 – – – 1:+7 <73 1<: \S\$?$8


3? Hgsyf Aq%




Cfeg÷gs Dòkymzkls

\SY3

Qfylàãf ig 38:º

Qfscl dlcof


3 slä ils

Qfscl Q

Wem÷gs Dòkymzkls

\SY3

Qfylàãf ig 38:º

3 släils qgiwrmils

cfd släils qgiwrmils


efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf I7

∇ I8

∇ I0

∇ O< O1 K< K1 K3 K9 K7 Ö Zgsf Cóim`f Ymzf

I< ^ddT I1 I3 ^`T

Qfscl Q Qx 3 8 9 <3 3+3 <: <?+7 ? 8?+7 ? 89+7 39 1: <1 13 <73 1:: \SY3$x$8$9 Q» 9+8 ? 8 <7 3+3 <3 1: = ?< << 07 9: 19 <9 38+7 <73 1:< \SY3$»$?$8 Q} 0 <: ? <? 3+3 <7 19 <:+7 =3+7 <1 ?0 98 1? <0 3=+7 <73 1:1 \SY3$}$<:$? cfd släils qgiwrmils 8 3 8 9 <3 3+3 <: <?+7 ? 8: – – 39 1: – <8 <73 1:3 \SY3$8$9 ? 9+8 ? 8 <7 3+3 <3 1< = 8=+7 – – 9: 19 – 13 <73 1:9 \SY3$?$8 <: 0 <: ? <? 3+3 <7 13+7 <:+7 ?: – – 98 1? – 33 <73 1:7 \SY3$<:$?


Hgsyf Aq% 3=



Cfeg÷gs Qìzmils \S$H $ Dgyìkmcl Ilifs yícemcfs

Cfeg÷gs Qìzmils \S$H

Qfscl dlcof

cfd sgylxlif gygqef

Qfscls D g @


efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf I7

∇ K< K1 Ö< Ö1 Zgsf&


I< ^ddT I1 ^`T

Qfscl díyqmcl D7 1+8 9 ? 1:+7 9 = 1+7 8+< 733 ?99 \S$H$D7$9

1+8 8 ? 13 9 << 1+7 =+3 733 ?97 \S$H$D7$8 D0 1+8 9 <:+1 11 7+7 = 1+7 8+= 733 ?98 \S$H$D0$9

3+8 8 << 17+3 7+7 << 3+7 <:+3 733 ?90 \S$H$D0$8 Qfscl @ cfd legk ig xgilàãf @x 1+8 9 <3+7 <=+7 7+7 = 1+7 ?+= <=3 9:? \S$H$@x$9

9+1 8 <3+7 19+? 7+7 << 9 <1 <=3 9:= \S$H$@x$8 7+1 ? <1+? 18+7 7+7 <3 7 <9 <=3 9<: \S$H$@x$?

@» 9+1 8 <0 11+? 8+7 << 9 <8 <=3 9<< \S$H$@»$8 8+1 ? <0 19 8+7 <3 8 <8 <=3 9<1 \S$H$@»$? 0+3 <: <8 1?+= 8+7 <8 0 13+0 <=3 9<3 \S$H$@»$<: 0+3 <1 <8 3<+= 8+7 <= 0 31 733 ?9? \S$H$@»$<1

@} 8+1 ? 1: 19 0+7 <3 8 13+3 <=3 9<9 \S$H$@}$? ?+3 <: 1< 1=+9 0+7 <8 ? 3: <=3 9<7 \S$H$@}$<: <:+3 <1 11 3<+= 0+7 <= <: 3?+< <=0 9?0 \S$H$@}$<1

@´ ?+3 <: 19 1?+= = <8 ? 91 <=3 9<8 \S$H$@´$<:

<:+3 <1 19 3<+9 = <= <: 98 <=3 9<0 \S$H$@´$<1


9: Hgsyf Aq%




Wemãf ig ywafs

\S$H


if ywaf Yldleof efdmelk I7


I< ^ddT ^`T

9 3 << 31 <9+3 733 =3= \S$H$9 8 7 <9 38+< 11+7 733 =9: \S$H$8 ? 0 <8 3? 1=+9 733 =9< \S$H$? <: = <? 91+3 9<+0 733 =91 \S$H$<: <1 << 11 97+? 80+= 733 =93 \S$H$<1

Hgsyf Aq% 9<





\SK$H

Qfylàãf ig 38:º

Qfscl dlcof

cfd sgylxlif gygqef

Qfscls D g @


efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf I7

∇ I8

∇ O< O1 K< Ö Zgsf&


I< ^ddT I1 ^`T

Qfscl díyqmcl cfd legk ig xgilàãf D7 1+1 9 ? = <=+0 9 <?+1 ? <:+< 733 ?9= \SK$H$D7$9

1+1 8 ? << <=+0 9 1:+8 ? <9+0 733 ?7: \SK$H$D7$8 D0 1+1 9 <:+1 = 1<+0 7+7 <?+1 = <<+3 733 ?7< \SK$H$D0$9

1+1 8 <:+1 << 1<+0 7+7 1:+8 = <7+8 733 ?71 \SK$H$D0$8 Qfscl @ cfd legk ig xgilàãf @x 3 9 <1+? << <?+1 7+7 <0+0 <3 <0+8 <=3 9<? \SK$H$@x$9

3+? 8 <1+? << <?+1 7+7 <=+? <3 <8 <=3 9<= \SK$H$@x$8 3+? ? <1+? <3 1:+1 7+7 13 <3 1: <=3 91: \SK$H$@x$?

@» 7 8 <7+? << 1< 8+7 11+< <8 19+7 <=3 91< \SK$H$@»$8 8 ? <7+? <3 1< 8+7 13 <8 19 <=3 911 \SK$H$@»$? 8 <: <7+? <8 13 8+7 18+9 <8 39+8 <=3 913 \SK$H$@»$<: 8 <1 <7+? <= 13 8+7 1?+= <8 9= 733 ?73 \SK$H$@»$<1

@} 0 ? 1: <3 19 0+7 19+7 <? 39+1 <=3 919 \SK$H$@}$? ?+? <: 1: <8 19 0+7 18+9 <? 38+8 <=3 917 \SK$H$@}$<: ?+? <1 1: <= 19 0+7 1?+= <? 7<+< <=0 9?8 \SK$H$@}$<1

@´ = <: 17 <0 1= = 10+= 1< 88 <=3 918 \SK$H$@´$<:

<: <1 17 <= 1= = 1?+= 1< 0: <=3 910 \SK$H$@´$<1


91 Hgsyf Aq%





\SK$H


if ywaf Yldleof efdmelk I7


I< ^ddT ^`T

9 3 = <0+3 = 733 ?8: \SK$H$9 8 7 << 1:+8 <7+< 733 ?8< \SK$H$8 ? 0 <3 13 <=+< 733 ?81 \SK$H$? <: = <8 18+9 1=+8 733 ?83 \SK$H$<: <1 <: <= 1?+= 7:+0 733 ?89 \SK$H$<1

Wemãf ig ywafs awkn ogli\SS$H


if ywaf

Yldleof

efdmelk

I7

∇ K< K1

dl%

Ö Zgsf & wemilig Cóim`f Ymzf

I< ^ddT ^`T

9 3 D<<< 31 ? <9 <?+3 733 =:= \SS$H$9 8 7 D<9< 38+< ? <0 1=+= 733 =<: \SS$H$8 ? 0 D<8< 3? <: <? 39+8 733 =<< \SS$H$? <: = D<?< 91+3 <1 1< 7:+7 733 =<1 \SS$H$<: <1 <: D11< 97+? <0 18 ??+1 733 =<3 \SS$H$<1


Hgsyf Aq% 93





\SY$H

Qfylàãf ig 38:º

Qfscl dlcof

cgeyqlk

cfd sgylxlif gygqef

Qfscls D g @


efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf$ I7

∇ I8

∇ O< O1 K< Ö Zgsf Cóim`f Ymzf

I< ^ddT I1 ^`T

Qfscl D D7 1+1 9 ? = <=+0 9 39+8 ? <9+8 733 =<9 \SY$H$D7$9

1+1 8 ? << <=+0 9 9<+1 ? 1:+= 733 =<7 \SY$H$D7$8 D0 1+1 9 <:+1 = 1<+0 7+7 39+8 = <7+= 733 =<8 \SY$H$D0$9

1+1 8 <:+1 << 1<+0 7+7 9<+1 = 11+1 733 =<0 \SY$H$D0$8 Qfscl @ cfd legk ig xgilàãf @x 3 9 <1+? << <?+1 7+7 39+8 <3 11 <=3 91? \SY$H$@x$9

3+? 8 <1+? << <?+1 7+7 3=+8 <3 11 <=3 91= \SY$H$@x$8 3+? ? <1+? <3 1:+1 7+7 98 <3 1? <=3 93: \SY$H$@x$?

@» 7 8 <7+? << 1< 8+7 99+1 <8 31 <=3 93< \SY$H$@»$8 8 ? <7+? <3 1< 8+7 98 <8 33+8 <=3 931 \SY$H$@»$? 8 <: <7+? <8 13 8+7 71+? <8 90+7 <=3 933 \SY$H$@»$<: 8 <1 <7+? <= 13 8+7 70+? <8 89+1 733 =<? \SY$H$@»$<1

@} 0 ? 1: <3 19 0+7 9= <? 99 <=3 939 \SY$H$@}$? ?+? <: 1: <8 19 0+7 71+? <? 7< <=3 937 \SY$H$@}$<: ?+? <1 1: <= 19 0+7 70+? <? 8? <=0 9?7 \SY$H$@}$<1

@´ = <: 17 <0 1= = 77+? 1< ?9 <=3 938 \SY$H$@´$<:

<: <1 17 <= 1= = 70+? 1< =: <=3 930 \SY$H$@´$<1


99 Hgsyf Aq%





\SY$H

Imdges÷gs g ilifs zlql zgimif ∇ efdmelk if

ywaf Yldleof

efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf I7

∇ I8

∇ O< K< Zgsf&


I< ^ddT I1 ^`T

9 3 9 = = <0+3 39+8 <3+< 733 ?87 \SY$H$9 8 7 8 << << 1:+8 9<+1 1<+3 733 ?88 \SY$H$8 ? 0 ? <3 <3 13 98 18+= 733 ?80 \SY$H$? <: = <: <8 <8 18+9 71+? 93+1 733 ?8? \SY$H$<: <1 <: <1 <= <= 1?+= 70+? 88+< 733 ?8= \SY$H$<1 cfd qgiwàãf 8 – 9 << << 1:+8 9<+1 11+3 733 ?0: \SY$H$8$9 ? – 8 << <3 13 98 18+7 733 ?0< \SY$H$?$8 <: – ? <3 <8 18+9 71+? 9< 733 ?01 \SY$H$<:$? <1 – <: <8 <= 1?+= 70+? 89+3 733 ?03 \SY$H$<1$<:


\S]$H


if ywaf Yldleof

efdmelk ∇ efdmelk if

ywaf I7

∇ I8

∇ O< K< Zgsf & wemilig Cóim`f Ymzf

I< ^ddT I1 ^`T

8 7 8 << << <<+7 93+< 18+1 733 =33 \S]$H$8 ? 0 ? <3 <3 <3+7 98+7 10+8 733 =37 \S]$H$? <: = <: <8 <8 <8+7 9=+3 7?+? 733 =30 \S]$H$<: cfd qgiwàãf 8 – 9 << = =+7 3?+? <0+? 733 =39 \S]$H$8$9 ? – 8 <3 << <<+7 99+? 1?+< 733 =38 \S]$H$?$8 <: – ? <8 <3 <3+7 98+7 3= 733 =3? \S]$H$<:$?


Hgsyf Aq% 97



Cfeg÷gs Qìzmils CQ\S ê Zqfxl ig Cfqqfsãf g Ìcmifs Ilifs yícemcfs

Cfeg÷gs qìzmils

CQ\S

Qfscl dlcof

cfd sgylxlif meygqef g gygqef

Qfscl D

Qfscl Q


efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf I7

∇ K< K1 K3 Ö< Ö1 Cóim`f Ymzf

I< ^ddT I1

Qfscl díyqmcl cfd legk ig xgilàãf D7:+? 1+9 9 =+? 19+0 9 – <: 1 <81 ?8: CQ\S$D7$9

1+9 8 <<+? 18+9 9 – <1 1 <81 ?8< CQ\S$D7$8 Qfscl Q Qx 9+8 8 <<+? 10+= ? 13+= <1 9 <81 ?81 CQ\S$x$8

8 ? <3+? 3:+= ? 18+= <9 7 <81 ?83 CQ\S$x$? Q» 0 ? <3+? 33+= << 10+= <9 8 <81 ?89 CQ\S$»$?

?+7 <: <8+? 30+< << 3<+< <0 8 <81 ?87 CQ\S$»$<: Q} ?+7 <: <8+? 3?+< <1 3<+0 <0 8 <81 ?88 CQ\S$}$<:

<< <1 <=+? 9:+< <1 33+0 1< ? <81 ?80 CQ\S$}$<1 Q´ << <1 <=+? 93+< <7 39+= 11 ? <81 ?8? CQ\S$´$<1

<3 <8 13+0 7<+< <7 91+= 19 <1 <81 ?8= CQ\S$´$<8


98 Hgsyf Aq%





CQ\SK

Qfylàãf ig 38:º

Qfscl dlcof

cfd sgylxlif gygqef

Qfscl D

Qfscl Q


efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf I7

∇ O< O1 O3 K< Ö Cóim`f Ymzf

I< ^ddT I1

Qfscl díyqmcl cfd legk ig xgilàãf D7:+? 1+9 9 =+? <0+7 9 – 11+0 <: <81 ?0: CQ\SK$D7$9

1+9 8 <<+? <=+7 9 – 17+9 <1 <81 ?0< CQ\SK$D7$8 Qfscl Q Qx 9+8 8 <<+? 1< ? <0 17+9 <1 <81 ?01 CQ\SK$x$8

8 ? <3+? 13 ? <= 10+9 <9 <81 ?03 CQ\SK$x$? Q» 8 ? <3+? 18 << 1: 10+9 <9 <81 ?09 CQ\SK$»$?

? <: <8+? 1= << 13 3<+< <0 <81 ?07 CQ\SK$»$<: Q} ? <: <8+? 3: <1 13+7 3<+< <0 <81 ?08 CQ\SK$}$<:

<: <1 <=+? 39 <1 10+7 38+< 1< <81 ?00 CQ\SK$}$<1 Q´ <: <1 <=+? 30 <7 1= 38+< 11 <81 ?0? CQ\SK$´$<1

<3 <8 13+0 3? <7 3: 97+8 19 <81 ?0= CQ\SK$´$<8


Hgsyf Aq% 90





CQ\SY

Qfylàãf ig 38:º

Qfscl dlcof

cfd sgylxlif gygqef

Qfscl D

Qfscl Q


efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf I7


I< ^ddT I1

Qfscl díyqmcl cfd legk ig xgilàãf D7:+? 1+9 9 =+? <0+7 9 – 97+9 <: <89 1:: CQ\SY$D7$9

1+9 8 <<+? <=+7 9 – 7:+? <1 <89 1:< CQ\SY$D7$8 Qfscl Q Qx 9+8 8 <<+? 1< ? <0 7:+? <1 <89 1:1 CQ\SY$x$8

8 ? <3+? 13 ? <= 79+? <9 <89 1:3 CQ\SY$x$? Q» 8 ? <3+? 18 << 1: 79+? <9 <89 1:9 CQ\SY$»$?

? <: <8+? 1= << 13 81+1 <0 <89 1:7 CQ\SY$»$<: Q} ? <: <8+? 3: <1 13+7 81+1 <0 <89 1:8 CQ\SY$}$<:

<: <1 <=+? 39 <1 10+7 01+1 1< <89 1:0 CQ\SY$}$<1 Q´ <: <1 <=+? 30 <7 1= 01+1 11 <89 1:? CQ\SY$´$<1

<3 <8 13+0 3? <7 3: =<+1 19 <89 1:= CQ\SY$´$<8


9? Hgsyf Aq%





CQ\SS

Qfscl D


if ywaf Yldleof

efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf A< I7

∇ I8

∇ K< K1 K3 Ö Cóim`f Ymzf

I< ^ddT I1

Qfscl díyqmcl cfd legk ig xgilàãf 9 3 9 9 =+? D<1< 97+9 <8+1 9 <9 <89 1<: CQ\SS$9 8 9+8 8 9 <<+? D<9< 9?+? <8+= 8 <0 <89 1<< CQ\SS$8 ? 8 ? 9 <3+? D<8< 71+? <?+= 8 <= <89 1<3 CQ\SS$? <: ? <: 7 <8+? D1:< 7=+1 1<+< 8 19 <89 1<7 CQ\SS$<: <1 << <1 8 <=+? D11< 87+1 13+< 8 10 <89 1<0 CQ\SS$<1 <8 <3 <8 8 13+0 D10<+7 07+1 1?+< 7+9 31 <89 1<= CQ\SS$<8


Hgsyf Aq% 9=



Cfeg÷gs qìzmils \S$X: Qgsmsygeygs l Hläscls g Cgeygkols Ilifs yícemcfs

Cfeg÷gs Qìzmils

\S$X:

Qfscl dlcof

cfd sgylxlif gygqef

Qfscl Q


efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf I7



I< ^ddT I1 ^`T

Qfscl Q Qx 9+8 8 <9 1? ? 19 <1 <: <8: 7:: \S$X:$x$8

8 ? <8 33+7 ? 1=+7 <9 <8+7 <8: 7:< \S$X:$x$? Q» 9+8 8 <9 3: << 19 <9 <? <8: 7:1 \S$X:$»$8

0 ? <8 31 << 18 <9 <8+7 <8: 7:3 \S$X:$»$? ?+7 <: <= 37+7 << 1=+7 <0 1<+7 <8: 7:9 \S$X:$»$<: << <1 11 9<+7 << 37+7 1< 99 <8: 7:7 \S$X:$»$<1

Q} 0 ? <8 1=+7 <1 13 <0 17 <8: 7:8 \S$X:$}$? ?+7 <: <= 37 <1 1?+7 <0 10+7 <8: 7:0 \S$X:$}$<: << <1 11 30+7 <1 3< 1< 97 <8: 7:? \S$X:$}$<1

Q´ ?+7 <: <= 38 <7 1? 1< 7:+7 <8: 7:= \S$X:$´$<: << <1 11 3=+7 <7 3<+7 1< 8? <8: 7<: \S$X:$´$<1

Wemãf ig ywafs

\S$X:


if ywaf Yldleof efdmelk I7 K< Zgsf & wemilig Cóim`f Ymzf

I< ^ddT ^`T

8 7+7 <9 97 <9 <8: 798 \S$X:$8 ? 0 <8 9? 1: <8: 790 \S$X:$? <: = <= 79 3< <8: 79? \S$X:$<: <1 << 11 7?+7 98 <8: 79= \S$X:$<1


7: Hgsyf Aq%





\SK$X:

Qfylàãf ig 38:º

Qfscl dlcof

cfd sgylxlif gygqef

Qfscl Q


efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf I7



I< ^ddT I1 ^`T

Qfscl Q Qx 9+8 8 <9 17 ? 1: 17 <1 <7 <8: 7<< \SK$X:$x$8

8 ? <8 1? ? 19 1? <9 <=+7 <8: 7<1 \SK$X:$x$? Q» 9+8 8 <9 1? << 11 17 <9 19 <8: 7<3 \SK$X:$»$8

8 ? <8 3< << 17 1? <9 17 <8: 7<9 \SK$X:$»$? ? <: <= 38 << 3: 3<+7 <0 37 <8: 7<7 \SK$X:$»$<: <: <1 11 3? << 31 39+7 1< 71 <8: 7<8 \SK$X:$»$<1

Q} 8 ? <8 33 <1 18+7 1? <0 30+7 <8: 7<0 \SK$X:$}$? ? <: <= 30 <1 3:+7 3<+7 <0 99 <8: 7<? \SK$X:$}$<: <: <1 11 3= <1 31+7 39+7 1< 73+7 <8: 7<= \SK$X:$}$<1

Q´ ? <: <= 9: <7 31 3<+7 1< 87 <8: 71: \SK$X:$´$<:

<: <1 11 91 <7 39 39+7 1< 08+7 <8: 71< \SK$X:$´$<1


\SK$X:


if ywaf Yldleof

efdmelk I7

∇ I8

∇ O< O1 Zgsf & wemilig Cóim`f Ymzf

I< ^ddT ^`T

8 7 <9 3+1 17 ? <7 <8: 79: \SK$X:$8 ? 0 <8 9+1 10+7 <: 1<+7 <8: 79< \SK$X:$? <: = <= 9+1 3<+7 <1 31+7 <8: 791 \SK$X:$<: <1 << 11 9+1 39+7 <9 9? <8: 793 \SK$X:$<1


Hgsyf Aq% 7<





\SY$X:

Qfylàãf 38:º

Qfscl dlcof cgeyqlk

cfd sgylxlif gygqef

Qfscl Q


efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf I7



I< ^ddT I1 ^`T

Qfscl Q Qx 9+8 8 <9 17 ? 1: 7: <1 <= <8: 711 \SY$X:$x$8

8 ? <8 1? ? 19 77 <9 19+7 <8: 713 \SY$X:$x$? Q» 9+8 8 <9 1? << 11 7: <9 1? <8: 719 \SY$X:$»$8

8 ? <8 3< << 17 77 <9 3: <8: 717 \SY$X:$»$? ? <: <= 38 << 3: 8< <0 93 <8: 718 \SY$X:$»$<: <: <1 11 3? << 31 80 1< 89 <8: 710 \SY$X:$»$<1

Q} 8 ? <8 33 <1 18+7 77 <0 91+7 <8: 71? \SY$X:$}$? ? <: <= 30 <1 3:+7 8< <0 71 <8: 71= \SY$X:$}$<: <: <1 11 3= <1 31+7 80 1< 87+7 <8: 73: \SY$X:$}$<1

Q´ ? <: <= 9: <7 31 8< 1< 03 <8: 73< \SY$X:$´$<:

<: <1 11 91 <7 39 80 1< ??+7 <8: 731 \SY$X:$´$<1


\SY$X:


if ywaf Yldleof

efdmelk I7

∇ I8



I< ^ddT ^`T

8 9+8 <9 3+1 17 ? 7: <8 1<+7 <8: 733 \SY$X:$8 ? 8 <8 3+1 10+7 = 77 <? 3<+7 <8: 739 \SY$X:$? <: ? <= 9+1 3:+7 <1 8< 19 9? <8: 737 \SY$X:$<: <1 <: 11 9+1 33+7 <9 80 1? 0:+7 <8: 738 \SY$X:$<1


71 Hgsyf Aq%



Cfegãf Qìzmil \SN cfd Qgygeàãf Ilifs yícemcfs

Cfegãf qìzmil cfd qgygeàãf

Qfscl dlcof

cfd sgylxlif gygqef

Qfscl D

Qfscl Q


efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf I7

∇ K< K1 K3 Ö Cóim`f Ymzf

I< ^ddT I1

Qfscl díyqmcl cfd legk ig xgilàãf D7 <+8 9 ? 1?+7 3+7 – ? <73 1=< \SN$D7$9

1+3 8 <: 31 3+7 – <: <73 1=1 \SN$D7$8 Qfscl Q Qx <+8 9 = 17+7 ? 1: <: <73 9<= \SN$x$9

3 8 <: 10+7 ? 13 <: <73 91: \SN$x$8 3+9 ? <9 38 ? 31 <9 <73 911 \SN$x$?

Q» 3 8 <1 10+7 << 1< <9 <73 91< \SN$»$8 9+1 ? <9 38 << 3: <9 <73 913 \SN$»$? 9+? <: <0 3?+7 << 31+7 <0 <73 917 \SN$»$<:

Q} 9+7 ? <7 38 <1 1=+7 <0 <73 919 \SN$}$? 7+8 <: <0 9: <1 33+7 <0 <73 918 \SN$}$<: 8 <1 1< 98 <1 3=+7 1< <73 910 \SN$}$<1

Q´ 8+3 <1 1< 98 <7 3? 1< <73 91? \SN$´$<1


Hgsyf Aq% 73



Cfegãf Qìzmil \SN cfd Qgygeàãf Ilifs yícemcfs

Wemãf ig ywafs cfd qgygeàãf

\SN

Imdges÷gs g ilifs zlql zgimif ∇ efdmelk if ywaf Yldleof efdmelk I7 K< Zgsf & wemilig Cóim`f Ymzf I< ^ddT ∇ ^`T

9 <+8 ?+7 38 3+7 <73 93= \SN$9 8 3 << 3=+7 8 <73 99: \SN$8 ? 9+7 <9+7 79+7 <8 <73 99< \SN$? <: 7+3 <0+7 8:+7 18 <73 991 \SN$<: <1 8+1 1< 0:+7 9:+7 <73 993 \SN$<1


79 Hgsyf Aq%



Cfegãf Qìzmil \SQ cfd Qfkldgeyf ig Qfylàãf Ilifs yícemcfs

Cfegãf Qìzmil cfd Qfkldgeyf ig

Qfylàãf

\SQ

Qfylàãf ig 38:º

Qfscl dlcof

cfd

sgylxlif gygqef

Qfscl D

Qfscl Q


efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf Xgkfcmilig

il qfylàãf I7



I< ^ddT I1 ^W& dmeT ^`T

Qfscl díyqmcl cfd legk ig xgilàãf D7 <+= 9 7:: <:+7 33 3+7 – <1 – <73 718 \SQ$D7$9

1+3 8 7:: <3 38+7 3+7 – <9 – <73 710 \SQ$D7$8 Qfscl Q Qx 1+7 9 7:: <:+7 39+7 ? 3:+7 <1 <9 <73 9:< \SQ$x$9

9 8 7:: <3 30 ? 33 <9 <0 <73 9:1 \SQ$x$8 8 ? 9:: <7 98 ? 91 <0 31 <73 9:9 \SQ$x$?

Q» 9 8 7:: <3 3= << 33 <9 13 <73 9:3 \SQ$»$8 8 ? 9:: <7 97 << 3= <0 3< <73 9:7 \SQ$»$?

Q} 8 ? 9:: <7 97 <1 3?+7 <0 3? <73 9:8 \SQ$}$? ? <: 3:: <? 78+7 <1 7: 11 87 <73 9:0 \SQ$}$<: =+7 <1 17: 1< 81+7 <1 78 19 =7 <73 9:? \SQ$}$<1

Q´ =+7 <1 17: 1< 81+7 <7 79+7 19 <:< <73 9:= \SQ$´$<1


Hgsyf Aq% 77



Cfegãf Qìzmil \SQK cfd Qfkldgeyf ig Qfylàãf Ilifs yícemcfs

Cfegãf qìzmil gd K cfd

qfkldgeyf ig qfylàãf

\SQK

Qfylàãf ig 38:º

Qfscl dlcof

cfd sgylxlif gygqef

Qfscl D

Qfscl Q


efdmelk ∇ efdmelk

if ywaf Xgkfcmilig

il qfylàãf I7


I< ^ddT I1 ^W& dmeT

Qfscl díyqmcl cfd legk ig xgilàãf D7 <+7 9 7:: <:+7 1:+7 3+7 – 1: <1 <73 71= \SQK$D7$9

<+= 8 7:: <3 13+7 3+7 – 13 <9 <73 73: \SQK$D7$8 Qfscl Q Qx 1+7 9 7:: <: 13 ? <? 1: <1 <73 9<: \SQK$x$9

9 8 7:: <1+7 19 ? 1: 13 <9 <73 9<< \SQK$x$8 8 ? 9:: <9+7 3<+7 ? 10+7 18 <9 <73 9<3 \SQK$x$?

Q» 9 8 7:: <1+7 18 << 1: 13 <9 <73 9<1 \SQK$»$8 8 ? 9:: <9+7 3:+7 << 19+7 18 <0 <73 9<9 \SQK$»$?

Q} 8 ? 9:: <9+7 3:+7 <1 19 18 <0 <73 9<7 \SQK$}$? ? <: 3:: <0+7 38 <1 1=+7 3: 11 <73 9<8 \SQK$}$<: =+7 <1 17: 1< 9<+7 <1 37 33 19 <73 9<0 \SQK$}$<1

Q´ =+7 <1 17: 1< 9<+7 <7 33+7 33 19 <73 9<? \SQK$´$<1


78 Hgsyf Aq%



Ymzf Cfeg÷gs lig|wlils Dgmf ig

fzgqlàãf Q Z

9 Z Qgsmsyâecml

\ S

\ S $ H

\ S $ X

:

C Q \ S

L q c f d z q m d m i f

X ì c w f

Ì ` w l

∇ g x y g q e f c f e h % C G Y F Z

C f e h f q d g = : & < 1 ? & C G G

C f e h f q d g H I L <

0 0 % <

7 7 <

C f e h f q d g W K = 9 X :

L e y m g s y ì y m c l

L k y l s y g d z g q l y w q l s

L k y q l s z q g s s ÷ g s

@ q l e i g h k g x m a m k m i l i g

D m c q ó a m f s

O m i q ó k m s g

H l i m ` l

G k g d g e y f s | w ä d m c f s

W X

Ywaf zliqãf ZWE

Zfkmwqgylef – – – – – – – – – . .. – ..<-

ZWE$CD Zfkmísygq – – – – – – – – – – . . – ..

ZWE$O

Zfkmwqgylef – – – – – – .. .. . . ..<-

ZLE$X:

Zfkmldmil& ZXC – – – – – – – – – .. .. . . ..

ZKE

Zfkmgymkmgef – – – – – – .. .. . .. ..<-

ZHLE

Zgqh kwfqlknóm – – – – .. .. .. .. ..

ZLS

Zfkmldmil

/gd gszmqlk- – – – – – – – – – .. .. . . .

Ywafs h kgäxgmsXmsãf ̀ gqlk il kmeol

L Hgsyf fh gqgcg wdl kmeol cfdzkgyl ig

ywafs h kgä xgms zlql lq cfdzqmdmif+

cfdzlyäxgms cfd yfils ls cfeg÷gs

qìzmils lzqgsgeylils egssl gimàãf+

zlql ls dlms imxgqsls cfeimà÷gs ig

lzkmclàãf%

Smd

– Eãf lzqfzqmlif

.. Agd lzqfzqmlif

. Zfwcf lzqfzqmlif

<- elcfq zqgyl

Zlql dlms mehfqdlà÷gs+ sfkmcmyg

f h fkogyf ig ywafs hkgäxgms lyqlxís

il

kmeol$imqgyl Hgsyf :?::$<0<9::+ fw

lcgssg f smyg ppp%hgsyf%cfd%aq+ fw

wymkmrg f sfh yplqg ig lzfmf ‛Sgkgàãf

ig Ywafs— if Clyìkf`f Gkgyqùemcf

Hgsyf%

Hgsyf Aq% 70

http://www.festo.com.br/

http://www.festo.com.br/



Lk`wes zmcyf`qldls zegwdìymcfs

Mdzfqyleyg

Efxmilig

Cwqsfs

Xlrãf efdmelk

Xfkyl`gd

Hfqàl

Zqgssãf

Hlml ig ygdzgqlywql

Imádgyqf

Xìcwf

Klq`wql

7? Hgsyf Aq%



F |wg igxg sgq fasgqxlif iwqleyg l wymkmrlàãf ifs

cfdzfegeygs Hgsyf6

Wdl cfeimàãf aìsmcl zlql

hwecmfelqgd cfqqgyldgeyg í |wg f

wswìqmf `lqleyl |wg fs qgszgcymxfs

zlqádgyqfs zlql zqgss÷gs+

xgkfcmiligs+ dlssls+ h fqàls

yqlesxgqslms+ h fqàls ig lcmfel

dgeyf+ yges÷gs+ cldzfs

dl`eíymcfs g ygdzgqlywqls sgbld

qgszgmylifs+ lkíd ig fasgqxlq lsmesyqwà÷gs ig wsf% Ef clsf ig

cfdzfegeygs zegwdìymcfs+ igxg

sgq fasgqxlil l cfqqgyl zqgzlqlàãf

if lq cfdzqmdmif+ zlql |wg gsyg

eãf cfeygeol l`geygs l`qgssmxfs%

Lkíd imssf+ igxgd sgq

cfesmigqlils ls cfeimà÷gs

ldamgeylms if kfclk ig mesylklàãf%

El wymkmrlàãf ig cfdzfegeygs Hgsyf

gd ìqgls swbgmyls l qgsyqmà÷gs

yldaíd igxgd sgq qgszgmylils ls

qgszgcymxlsefqdls ig sg`wqleàl

ils lssfcmlà÷gs qgszfesìxgms

zgkf cfeyqfkg igssls ìqgls% Ls

imszfsmà÷gs il XIG /Lssfcmlàãf

Lkgdã ifs Gkgyqfyícemcfs- g&fw ls

qgszgcymxls imszfsmà÷gs if zläs

sfaqg f wsf ig lzlqgkofs gkíyqmcfsigxgd sgq cwdzqmils%

Yfils ls mehfqdlà÷gs yícemcls

cfqqgszfeigd lf gsyì`mf

ygcefkó`mcf ef dfdgeyf il

zwakmclàãf% L fq`lemrlàãf ig

ygyfs+ ylagkls+ mkwsyqlà÷gs g h fyfs

igsyg clyìkf`f ig zqfiwyfs sãf ig

cqmlàãf il gdzqgsl Hgsyf g+

zfqyleyf+ ig swl zqfzqmgilig

meygkgcywlk%\wlk|wgq ymzf ig

qgzqfiwàãf+ qgxmsãf+ yqliwàãf+

dmcqfhmkdl`gd+ agd cfdf

lqdlrgeldgeyf g zqfcgssldgeyf

gd smsygdls gkgyqùemcfs só í

zgqdmymif cfd lwyfqmrlàãf il

Hgsyf L@ ( Cf%

Igxmif lf cfeyäewfigsgexfkxmdgeyf ygcefkó`mcf+

qgsgqxldf$efs f imqgmyf ig hlrgq

|wlk|wgq lkygqlàãf sgd zqíxmf

lxmsf%

Xgqsãf2 :3&1::7

Cóim`f2 <9:<:?83

Conexoes Festo Qs_pt

Documents

Transcript of Conexoes Festo Qs_pt