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Current state and perspective of Mongolian Yak Society Dr ...
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Mongolian Yak Society 1 • Current state and perspective of • Mongolian Yak husbandry Mongolian Yak Society Current state and perspective of Mongolian Yak husbandry Dr. Prof. Zagdsuren. Yo. Khishigjargal, Ts 2 February 2012, Spokane
Transcript of Current state and perspective of Mongolian Yak Society Dr ...
Mongolian Yak Society Dr. Prof. Zagdsuren. Yo.
Dr. Dagviikhorol V.
Dr. Gombojav A.
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• Current state and perspective of
• Mongolian Yak husbandry
Mongolian Yak Society
Current state and perspective of
Mongolian Yak husbandry
Dr. Prof. Zagdsuren. Yo.
Khishigjargal, Ts
2 February 2012, Spokane
Mongolian Yak Society Dr. Prof. Zagdsuren. Yo.
Dr. Dagviikhorol V.
Dr. Gombojav A.
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Mongolian Yak Society Dr. Prof. Zagdsuren. Yo.
Dr. Dagviikhorol V.
Dr. Gombojav A.
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The origin of Mongolian yak
• The paleontological findings related to yak origin , found uptill now, are
30-40 thousand years ahead and it shows that wild yaks have been
distributed from Central Asian platue to North America, covering vast
land.
• Archeological findings have proved that Mongolians have been breeding
yaks since 2500 years ago. Historian G.Sukhbaatar has noted that
Khunnu state had 6 types of livestock one of which was a yak.
Mongolian Yak Society Dr. Prof. Zagdsuren. Yo.
Dr. Dagviikhorol V.
Dr. Gombojav A.
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OMNOGOBI
DUNDGOBI
DORNOGOBI
SUHBAATAR
TOV
HENTIY
DORNOD
BULGAN
DARKHAN
SELENGE
GOBISUMBER
ORKHON
ULAN-BATOR
A distribution of yak population by provinces
BAYAN-
OLGIY
UVS
DZAVHAN
HOVD
GOBI-ALTAI
HOVSGOL
BAYANHONGOR
ARHANGAY
OVORHANGAY
Mongolian Yak Society Dr. Prof. Zagdsuren. Yo.
Dr. Dagviikhorol V.
Dr. Gombojav A.
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Location of yak population
Mongolian Yak Society Dr. Prof. Zagdsuren. Yo.
Dr. Dagviikhorol V.
Dr. Gombojav A.
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Mongolian Yak Society Dr. Prof. Zagdsuren. Yo.
Dr. Dagviikhorol V.
Dr. Gombojav A.
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Color distribution of yaks
Mongolian Yak Society Dr. Prof. Zagdsuren. Yo.
Dr. Dagviikhorol V.
Dr. Gombojav A.
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Mongolian Yak Society Dr. Prof. Zagdsuren. Yo.
Dr. Dagviikhorol V.
Dr. Gombojav A.
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Mongolian Yak Society Dr. Prof. Zagdsuren. Yo.
Dr. Dagviikhorol V.
Dr. Gombojav A.
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The number of yaks and their hybrids,
thousands head
Years Yaks Of which hybrids
Number %
1939 749,4 75,6 10,1
1940 725,8 73,6 10,1
1945 610,3 87,7 14,4
1950 561,0 52,4 9,3
1955 432,3 58,0 13,4
1960 495,6 69,2 13,9
1970 452,2 69,1 15,2
1975 525,5 65,0 12,4
1980 554,5 50,7 9,1
1985 521,8 63,4 12,1
1989 550,4 70,2 12,7
2002 728,2 43,1 5,9
2004 464,1 43,5 9,4
Mongolian Yak Society Dr. Prof. Zagdsuren. Yo.
Dr. Dagviikhorol V.
Dr. Gombojav A.
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Mongolian Yak Society Dr. Prof. Zagdsuren. Yo.
Dr. Dagviikhorol V.
Dr. Gombojav A.
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Milk production of yak and hybrids
Average daily
yield
Average yield
for 100 days
Average annual
yield
M±m M±m M±m
Yak cow 2.1±3.2 206±1.9 289±1,9
F1 2.5±4.3 256±6.2 350±7.5
F2 3,9±2.6 390.6±2.7 546±2,0
F3 3.3± 2.1 330.7± 3.4 462± 4.1
Mongolian Yak Society Dr. Prof. Zagdsuren. Yo.
Dr. Dagviikhorol V.
Dr. Gombojav A.
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Live weight of yak, Mongolian cattle and
their hybrids, kg
Age, in
months
Yaks Hybrids (F1) derived
from yak cows mated
by local bulls
Hybrids (F1) derived
from local cows
mated by yak bulls
Mongolian
cattle
At birth 17,2±0,2 21,0 ±1,1 24,2 ±0,9 18,4 ±2,2
4 46,1 ±4,2 70,6 ±7,5 73,8 ±4,7 59,7 ±3,4
8 56,5 ±4,9 82,0 ±7,8 91,5 ±4,6 76,0 ±5,0
12 64,1 ±2,8 92,1 ±9,8 107,8 ±8,6 76,6 ±1,2
18 118,0 ±4,8 164,0 ±8,6 199,0 ±7,4 143,0 ±3,2
40 329 ±4,4 393,8 ±7,0 416,7 ±8,2 364,1 ±6,1
Mongolian Yak Society Dr. Prof. Zagdsuren. Yo.
Dr. Dagviikhorol V.
Dr. Gombojav A.
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Difference of live weight and crosses F2 ,kg
Age in
months
L x HF1 H x HF1 S x HF1 BW x HF1 A x HF1
At birth 22,5±0,8 25,4±1,2 23,4±0,7 24,2±0,9 19,9±0,6
6 112,3±6,3 95,6±6,2 91,2±5,8 80,2±8,5 86,2±4,6
12 147,7±6,8 114,0±2,8 108,0±8,4 130,0±4,3 111,4±4,4
18 232,5±5,4 221,0±9,6 207,0±6,1 208,4±8,1 198,2±6,8
24 207,8±8,6 189,0±6,5 183,7±5,4 191,0±6,9 170,4±7,0
29 319,3±7,2 306,0±8,3 276,5±8,6 299,6±7,8 249,8±7,8
Note: L - Limousine, H -Hereford,
S -Simmental, BW - Black & White,
A - Alatau and HF1 - Hybrids
Mongolian Yak Society Dr. Prof. Zagdsuren. Yo.
Dr. Dagviikhorol V.
Dr. Gombojav A.
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Mongolian Yak Society Dr. Prof. Zagdsuren. Yo.
Dr. Dagviikhorol V.
Dr. Gombojav A.
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Seasonal changes in live weight of animals
Types of animals Autumn weight
M±m
Spring weight
M±m
Difference %
L x HF1 232,5±7,5 207,8±8,6 -10,7
H x HF1 221,9±9,6 189,0±6,5 -14,5
BW x HF1 208,4±8,1 191,0±6,8 -8,4
S x HF1 207,5±6,1 183,7±5,4 -11,5
À xHF1 198,2±6,2 107,4±7,0 -14,1
Yaks 152,0±5,6 153,0±6,3 0,6
Hybrids F1 220,0±5,1 217,0±7,0 -1,4
Backcross 157,7±10,8 150,5±9,1 -4,7
Local cattle 190,4±4,9 175,0±5,3 -7,9
Mongolian Yak Society Dr. Prof. Zagdsuren. Yo.
Dr. Dagviikhorol V.
Dr. Gombojav A.
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Average number of days when heat is induced in yak cows
after calving
Calving months Days when heat is induced in cows after
calving
March 140
April 116
May 105
June 35
Mongolian Yak Society Dr. Prof. Zagdsuren. Yo.
Dr. Dagviikhorol V.
Dr. Gombojav A.
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• The heat in yak cows lasts for 18 hours. 70-75% of cows
become pregnant after the first heat. A bull serves for 15-20
cows in natural breeding season. A yak sire is used for
breeding for 2.5 – 8 years. An yak cows calve 6-8 time.
• Regarding the yak breeding, herders used to select yak
bulls for breeding purpose by considering their body
conformation and coat color.
• In high mountain region, young sires of dark coat color with
a good body conformation are preferred. The sires with
these features usually do not suffer much from loose of their
liveweight during winter-spring time. To prevent from
inbriding, herders used to exchange sires frequantly.
Mongolian Yak Society Dr. Prof. Zagdsuren. Yo.
Dr. Dagviikhorol V.
Dr. Gombojav A.
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Mongolian Yak Society Dr. Prof. Zagdsuren. Yo.
Dr. Dagviikhorol V.
Dr. Gombojav A.
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Mongolian Yak Society Dr. Prof. Zagdsuren. Yo.
Dr. Dagviikhorol V.
Dr. Gombojav A.
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In high mountain area, yaks and their hybrids, mainly F1 are used as a means of
transportaion (packing and riding in card). (Difficult to reach by car and tractor) In winter
and spring yaks also are rided.
Mongolian Yak Society Dr. Prof. Zagdsuren. Yo.
Dr. Dagviikhorol V.
Dr. Gombojav A.
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Mongolian Yak Society Dr. Prof. Zagdsuren. Yo.
Dr. Dagviikhorol V.
Dr. Gombojav A.
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Mongolian Yak Society Dr. Prof. Zagdsuren. Yo.
Dr. Dagviikhorol V.
Dr. Gombojav A.
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Breeding stock
Breeding stock
Breeding stock
Breeding
stock
Nuclear
herd
Future development of Yak farm
A plan for supporting the forming of nuclear herds from meat and milk
type yaks in the provinces located in high mountain region is developed.
Mongolian Yak Society Dr. Prof. Zagdsuren. Yo.
Dr. Dagviikhorol V.
Dr. Gombojav A.
Yak wool value chain development
1 step: Raw material preparation
• Herders are learning to comb yak down
• Price per kg increased from 1/3 USD to 5 USD in 5 years.
2 step: Brand development
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• Represents a production code with no harmful
effects on ecological and social well being of
rangelands and herders.
• 20% of added value profit is distributed to
herders.
• Produced by herders maintaining their pastures
healthy.
• Produced from finest quality camel and yak wool.
Mongolian Yak Society Dr. Prof. Zagdsuren. Yo.
Dr. Dagviikhorol V.
Dr. Gombojav A.
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Thank you for your attention.
