instituto nacional de estatística 2013_acção local de estatística aplicada
Estatística
-
Upload
inesabento -
Category
Education
-
view
87 -
download
0
Transcript of Estatística
![Page 1: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Estatística
![Page 2: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Índice
![Page 3: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
O que é a estatística?
![Page 4: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Unidade Estatística
![Page 7: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Recenseamento
![Page 8: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Sondagem
![Page 9: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
recolha de
dados Interpretação
análise
tabelas ou
gráficos
![Page 11: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Métodos de amostragem
![Page 12: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
discretas – tomam um n.º finito de valores (ex:.n.º de filhos, idade, etc) contínuas – tomam valores numéricos dentro de um intervalo de variação (ex:. altura, peso, etc)
são características não quantificáveis, ou seja, não se pode atribuir um valor, mas antes uma qualidade (ex:. cor dos olhos, habilitações, etc)
Análise, representação e
redução de dados
![Page 13: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Tipos de gráficos
![Page 14: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Tipos de gráficos de barras
![Page 17: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Tabelas de frequência para
dados qualitativos ou
quantitativos discretos
![Page 20: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Agrupar dados em classes
k
![Page 23: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
18 22 18 19 27 19 26 22 26 21 20 23 20 24 25 29 28 28 20 20 27 22 20 26 22 21 20 22 20 24 24 21 23 20 24 23
20 25 21 25 29 29 28
![Page 24: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Representação gráfica para
variáveis de natureza discreta
Exemplo de um gráfico de barras e de um gráfico circular
![Page 25: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Exemplo de um pictograma
![Page 26: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Representação gráfica parra
variáveis de natureza contínua
![Page 27: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Medidas de localização
![Page 28: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Média
![Page 30: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Na calculadora
![Page 31: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Média aproximada para
dados agrupados
![Page 32: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Moda
Por exemplo:
![Page 33: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Mediana
![Page 34: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Para dados simples ou
dados agrupados
![Page 35: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Por exemplo:
12+12 2
= 12
.
![Page 36: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Mediana aproximada para
dados agrupados em intervalos
![Page 37: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Amplitude
![Page 40: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Quartis
![Page 41: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Outliers
![Page 43: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Quartis: dados classificados em
classes
![Page 44: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
![Page 46: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Medidas de
dispersão
![Page 47: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Variância
![Page 48: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Desvio – padrão
![Page 49: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Na calculadora
![Page 50: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Dados bivariados ou
dados bidimensionais
![Page 51: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Gráfico de pontos
![Page 52: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
![Page 53: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
![Page 54: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Coeficiente de correlação
linear
é a média das observações Xi e y é a média das observações y
![Page 55: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Reta de regressão
![Page 56: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Exemplo
![Page 57: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
![Page 58: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
![Page 59: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
![Page 60: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Bibliografia
![Page 61: Estatística](https://reader034.fdocumentos.com/reader034/viewer/2022051618/55c9afb6bb61eb85328b4774/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Diana Ferreira Inês Bento
2015