Estudo sobre a Arquitetura dos Índios Pueblo

7/26/2019 Estudo sobre a Arquitetura dos ndios Pueblo

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The Project Gutenberg EBook of A Study of Pueblo Architecture: Tusayan

and

Cibola, by Victor indeleff and Cos!os indeleff

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Title: A Study of Pueblo Architecture: Tusayan and Cibola

Eighth Annual )e&ort of the Bureau of Ethnology to the

Secretary of the S!ithsonian *nstitution, +-'+.,

Go#ern!ent Printing /ffice, 0ashington, +1+, &ages 2'

33

Author: Victor indeleff and Cos!os indeleff

*llustrator: 4enry 4obart 5ichols

)elease 6ate: 5o#e!ber +., 377- 8EBook 9+1-;

(anguage: English

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ootnotes

%ndex

About the %llustrations

6

ILLUSTRATIONS.%llustrations have been #laced as close as #racticable to their discussion in the text$he #rinted #a"e numbers show the ori"inal location$ ulti-#art i"ures are sometimesshown verticall! (one drawin" above the other) where the ori"inal la!out washori.ontal$

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8C. An e+"aate roo at ;#n9t#e- 410CI. Ma(onr& "'#ne&( o) ?!# 41*

CII. Rea#n( o) a gate7a& #n A7at!2# 41/CIII. An"#ent gate7a&< ;#n9t#e- 4$1CIV. A "oere ,a((age7a& #n Ma('ongna# 4$4CV. Sa-- (!are o,en#ng( #n P!e2-o Bon#to 4$0

CVI. Sea-e o,en#ng( #n a eta"'e 'o!(e o) N!tr#a 4$*CVII. Part#a- )#--#ng9#n o) a -arge o,en#ng #n Ora#2#aa#&a-ana 7'ere t'e(e #n"-o(!re( a,,ear.

P-ate LIV. Re"ent 7a-- at ;=#a#a.A (tr##ng )eat!re o) t'#( r!#n #( t'e o""!rren"e #n t'e nort'ea(t "orner o) t'e #--age o)-arge !,r#g't (-a2( o) (tone. T'e -arge(t o) t'e(e #( a2o!t 3 )eet 7#e an (tan( 5 )eeto!t o) t'e gro!n. One o) t'e (-a2( #( o) (!"' (&etr#"a- )or t'at #t (!gge(t( (#--)!-art#)#"#a- treatent< 2!t t'e (tone 7a( !(e @!(t a( #t "ae )ro a (ea #n t'e "-#)) a2oe.Fro t'e (ae (ea an& (-a2( o) near-& e!a- (#e an (&etr#"a- )or 'ae )a--eno!t an no7 -#e ("attere a2o!t on t'e ta-!( 2e-o7. Soe are reara2-e )or t'e#r

,er)e"t-& re"tang!-ar )or< 7'#-e a-- are #(t#ng!#('e 2& a nota2-e !n#)or#t& #nt'#"ne((. C-o(e 2&< an a,,arent-& )or#ng ,art o) t'e (ae gro!,< are a n!2er o)(tone( #2ee #n t'e gro!n 7#t' t'e#r !,,er ege( e+,o(e an ,-a"e at r#g't ang-e(

to t'e )a"e( o) t'e ert#"a- on!ent(. T'e ta--er (-a2( are (a# 2& t'e In#an( to 'ae2een ere"te a( a e)en(e aga#n(t t'e atta"( o) t'e A,a"'e !,on t'#( ,!e2-o< 2!t on-& a,ort#on o) t'e gro!, "o!-< )ro t'e#r ,o(#t#on< 'ae 2een o) an& !(e )or t'#( /*,!r,o(e.T'e (tone( ,ro2a2-& ar grae(. A-t'o!g' t'oro!g' e+"aat#on o) t'e 'ar (o#- "o!-not 2e !nertaen< #gg#ng to t'e e,t' o) $/ #n"'e( reea-e t'e (ae "'ara"ter o)

,otter& )ragent(< a('e(< et".< )o!n #n an& o) t'e ,!e2-o grae(. Mr. E. . Ne-(on)o!n #ent#"a- rea#n( #n grae( #n t'e R#o San Fran"#("o reg#on 7'#"' 'e e+"aate #n"o--e"t#ng ,otter&. Co,arat#e-& -#tt-e #( no7n< 'o7eer< o) t'e 2!r#a- ,ra"t#"e( o) t'#(reg#on< (o #t 7o!- 2e #))#"!-t to e"#e 7'et'er t'#( 7a( an or#nar& et'o o) 2!r#a-or not.

T'#( ,!e2-o 'a( 2een #ent#)#e 2& Mr. C!('#ng< t'ro!g' ?!# tra#t#on< a( t'e ("ene o)t'e eat' o) E(tean#"o< t'e negro 7'o a""o,an#e t'e )#r(t S,an#(' e+,e#t#on toC#2o-a.
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MATSA;I.

Mat(a# #( (#t!ate on a )oot'#-- at t'e 2a(e o) T>aa#&a-ana< near #t( nort'7e(terne+tre#t&. T'#( ,!e2-o #( #n a2o!t t'e (ae (tate o) ,re(erat#on a( ;=#a#a< no"o,-ete roo( 2e#ng tra"ea2-e oer o(t o) t'e area. Tra"e( o) 7a--(< 7'ere (een< arenot !n#)or #n #re"t#on< (!gge(t#ng #rreg!-ar gro!,#ng o) t'e #--age. At t7o ,o#nt( on

t'e ,-an roo( ,art#a--& 2o!ne 2& (tan#ng 7a--( are )o!n. T'e(e a,,ear to o7e t'e#r,re(erat#on to t'e#r o""!,at#on a( o!t-oo( oer )#e-( #n t'e #"#n#t& -ong a)ter t'ee(tr!"t#on o) t'e ,!e2-o. One o) t'e t7o roo( ('o7( on-& a )e7 )eet o) rat'er r!ea(onr&. T'e 7a--( o) t'e ot'er roo< #n one "orner< (tan t'e 'e#g't o) a )!-- (tor&a2oe t'e (!rro!n#ng 2r#(< a -o7 roo !ner #t 'a#ng 2een ,art#a--& )#--e !, 7#t')a--en a(onr& an eart'. T'e 7e-- ,re(ere #nner "orner o) t'e e+,o(e roo ('o7(-!,( o) "-a& a'er#ng 'ere an t'ere to t'e 7a--(< t'e renant( o) an #nter#or "orner"'#ne&. No tra"e o) t'e (!,,ort( )or a "'#ne& 'oo< (!"' a( o""!r #n t'e oern)#re,-a"e(< "o!- 2e )o!n. T'e )or o!t-#ne aga#n(t t'e 7a-- 2& t'e(e (-#g't rea#n(#n#"ate( a rat'er r!e-& "on(tr!"te )eat!re 7'#"' 7a( ae at a -ate ate to t'e rooan )ore no ,art o) #t( or#g#na- "on(tr!"t#on. It 7a( ,ro2a2-& 2!#-t 7'#-e t'e roo 7a(!(e a( a )ar#ng o!t-oo. A( ('o7n on t'e gro!n ,-an P-. LV< a (a-- "-!(ter o)'o!(e( on"e (too at (oe -#tt-e #(tan"e to t'e (o!t'7e(t o) t'e a#n ,!e2-o an 7a("onne"te 7#t' t'e -atter 2& a (er#e( o) roo(. T'e #nteren#ng (,a"e a& 'ae 2een a"o!rt. At t'e nort'ern ege o) t'e #--age a ,r##t#e ('r#ne 'a( 2een ere"te #n re"entt#e( an #( (t#-- #n !(e. It #( r!e-& "on(tr!"te 2& (#,-& ,#-#ng !, (tone( to a 'e#g't o)4 or 3 )eet< #n a r!e-& re"tang!-ar arrangeent< 7#t' an o,en#ng on t'e ea(t. T'#(('r#ne< )a"#ng ea(t< "onta#n( an !,r#g't (-a2 o) t'#n (an(tone on 7'#"' a r!e (!n9(&2o- 'a( 2een engrae. T'e goernor o) ?!#< #n e+,-a#n#ng t'e ,!r,o(e o) t'#(('r#ne< "o,are #t( !(e to t'at o) o!r o7n a(trono#"a- o2(erator#e(< 7'#"' 'e 'a(een.

P-ate LV. Mat(a#< ,-an.

PINAA.
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%2$ ?F$ /inawa, #lan$

T'e r!#n( o) t'e (a-- ,!e2-o o) P#na7a o""!,& a (-#g't r#(e on t'e (o!t' (#e o) t'e?!# R#er< a ('ort #(tan"e 7e(t o) ?!#. T'e roa /6)ro ?!# to O@o Ca-#entetraer(e( t'e r!#n. Oer o(t o) t'e area roo( "an not 2e tra"e. One "o,-ete rooaa#&a-ana< )ro ?!#.

TZAAIYALANA.

On t'e a2anonent o) t'e ,!e2-o( no7n a( t'e Seen C#t#e( o) C#2o-a< (!,,o(e to'ae o""!rre at t'e t#e o) t'e genera- !,r#(#ng o) t'e ,!e2-o( #n $*/1< t'e #n'a2#tant(o) a-- t'e C#2o-an #--age( (o!g't re)!ge on t'e (!#t o) T>aa#&a-ana< an #(o-atee(a< 3 #-e( (o!t'ea(t )ro ?!#< an t'ere 2!#-t a n!2er o) ,!e2-o "-!(ter(.

T'#( e(a< ot'er7#(e no7n a( T'!ner Mo!nta#n


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#rreg!-ar anner< regar-e(( o) an& e)en(#e arrangeent o) t'e 2!#-#ng(. T'e 2!#-er(e#ent-& ,-a"e t'e greate(t re-#an"e on t'e#r #,regna2-e (#te< an )ree-& ao,te (!"'arrangeent a( "onen#en"e #"tate.

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T'e a(onr& o) t'e(e #--age( 7a( ro!g'-& "on(tr!"te< t'e 7a--( 2e#ng o)ten -e(( t'an a)oot t'#". Ver& -#tt-e ao2e ortar (ee( to 'ae 2een !(e (oe o) t'e t'#"e(t an

2e(t ,re(ere 7a--( 'ae a,,arent-& 2een -a# near-& r& P-. LJI. T'e )e7 o,en#ng(

(t#-- ,re(ere a-(o ('o7 e#en"e o) 'a(t& an "are-e(( "on(tr!"t#on. Oer o(t o) t'earea t'e e2r#( o) t'e )a--en 7a--( #( er& "-ear-& are< an #( 2!t -#tt-e en"!2ere7#t' eart' or r#)te (an. T'#( #,art( an o e))e"t o) ne7ne(( to t'e(e r!#n(< a(t'o!g' t'e 7a--( 'a re"ent-& )a--en. T'e (a-- ao!nt o) e2r#( (!gge(t( t'at t'ea@or#t& o) t'e(e 2!#-#ng( neer 7ere ore t'an one (tor& '#g'< t'o!g' #n )o!r o) t'e

2roae(t "-!(ter( (ee ,-an< P-. LJ a 'e#g't o) t7o< an ,o((#2-& t'ree< (tor#e( a& 'ae2een atta#ne. A-- t'e r!#n( are t'#"-& "oere 2& a er& -!+!r#o!( gro7t' o) 2ra#e"a"t!(< 2!t -#tt-e o) 7'#"' #( )o!n e-(e7'ere #n t'e ne#g'2or'oo. T'e e+tree(o!t'ea(tern "-!(ter< "on(#(t#ng o) )o!r -arge roo(< #))er( great-& #n "'ara"ter )ro t'ere(t o) t'e r!#n(. Here t'e roo( or #n"-o(!re( are e)#ne on-& 2& a )e7 (tone( on t'e(!r)a"e o) t'e gro!n an ,art-& e2ee #n t'e (o#-. T'ere #( no tra"e o) t'e e2r#( o)

)a--en 7a--(. T'e(e o!t-#ne #n"-o(!re( a,,ear neer to 'ae 2een 7a--e to an&"on(#era2-e 'e#g't. #t'#n one o) t'e roo( #( a (-a2 o) (tone< a2o!t 7'#"' a )e7"ereon#a- ,-!e (t#"( 'ae 2een (et on en 7#t'#n re"ent t#e(.
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P-ate LJI. Stan#ng 7a--( o) T>aa#&a-ana r!#n(.

T'e ot#e t'at -e to t'e o""!,at#on o) t'#( e(a 7a( e)en(e t'e "a!(e t'at -e to t'e(e-e"t#on o) t'e ,art#"!-ar (#te 7a( )a"#-#t& )or ,ro"!r#ng a 7ater (!,,-&. T'e tra#- on t'e7e(t (#e ,a((e( a (,r#ng 'a-) 7a& o7n t'e e(a. T'ere 7a( anot'er (,r#ng "-o(e to t'e)oot 8$tra#- on t'e (o!t' (#e t'#(< 'o7eer< 7a( -o7er< 2e#ng a-o(t at t'e )oot o) t'eta-!(.

In a#t#on to t'e(e 7ater (o!r"e(< t'e 2!#-er( "o--e"te an (tore t'e ra#nage o) t'ee(a (!#t near t'e (o!t'ern ga, or re"e((. At t'#( ,o#nt are (t#-- (een t'e rea#n( o)t7o re(ero#r( or a( 2!#-t o) 'ea& a(onr&. On-& a )e7 (tone( are no7 #n ,-a"e< 2!tt'e(e #n#"ate !n!(!a--& a((#e "on(tr!"t#on. Anot'er re(ero#r o""!r( )art'er a-ongt'e e(a r# to t'e (o!t'ea(t< 2e&on t'e -##t( o) t'e ,-an a( g#en. A( a& 2e (een)ro t'e ,-an P-. LJ t'e t7o re(ero#r( at t'e ga, are !#te "-o(e toget'er. T'e(ere"e,ta"-e( 'ae 2een !"' )#--e !, 7#t' (e#ent. P-. LJIIg#e( a #e7 o) t'e

,r#n"#,a- or 7e(terno(t re(ero#r a( (een )ro t'e nort'ea(t. On t'e -e)t are t'e -arge(tone( on"e #n"or,orate #n t'e a(onr& o) t'e a. T'#( a(onr& a,,ear( to 'aeor#g#na--& e+tene aro!n t'ree9)o!rt'( o) t'e "#r"!)eren"e o) t'e re(ero#r. A( at;et"'#,a!an< ,re#o!(-& e("r#2e< t'e !,,er ,ort#on o) t'e 2a(#n( erge #n(en(#2-nto t'e genera- ra#nage an 'a no e)#n#te -##t.
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P-ate LJII. Rea#n( o) a re(ero#r on T>aa#&a-ana.

T'e ?!# "-a# to 'ae 'ere ,ra"t#"e a "!r#o!( et'o o) 7ater (torage. T'e& (a& t'at7'eneer t'ere 7a( (no7 on t'e gro!n t'e #--ager( 7o!- t!rn o!t #n )or"e an ro-- !,'!ge (no72a--(< 7'#"' 7ere )#na--& "o--e"te #nto t'e(e 2a(#n(< t'e gra!a--& e-t#ng(no7 )!rn#('#ng a "on(#era2-e !ant#t& o) 7ater. T'e e(ert en#ronent 'a( ta!g'tt'e(e ,eo,-e to aa#- t'e(e-e( o) eer& e+,e#ent t'at "o!- #n"rea(e t'e#r (!,,-& o)7ater.

It #( ,ro,er to (tate t'at #n t'e #--!(trate ,-an o) t'e T>aa#&a-ana r!#n( t'e e(a arg#n7a( (et"'e #n 7#t'o!t t'e a# o) #n(tr!enta- (#g't(< an 'en"e #( not (o a""!rate-&re"ore a( t'e ,-an( an re-at#e ,o(#t#on( o) t'e 'o!(e(. It 7a( a-- t'at "o!- 2e oneat t'e t#e< an 7#-- (!))#"#ent-& #--!(trate t'e genera- re-at#on o) t'e 2!#-#ng( to t'e(!rro!n#ng to,ogra,'&.

P-ate LJV. Stan#ng 7a--( o) ;#n9t#e-.

;IN9TIEL.


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A-- t'e r!#n( a2oe e("r#2e 2ear "-o(e tra#t#ona- an '#(tor#" re-at#on('#, to ?!#.T'#( #( not t'e "a(e 7#t' t'e (,-en#-& ,re(ere an"#ent ,!e2-o o) ;#n9t#e-< 2!t t'ea2(en"e o) (!"' "-o(e '#(tor#" "onne"t#on #( "o,en(ate )or 2& #t( ar"'#te"t!ra-#ntere(t. D#))er#ng ra#"a--& #n #t( genera- ,-an )ro t'e r!#n( a-rea& e+a#ne< #t (t#--(!gge(t( t'at (oe re(e2-an"e to t'e ore an"#ent ,ort#on( o) N!tr#a an Pe("ao< a(

7#-- 2e (een 2& "o,ar#ng t'e gro!n ,-an( P-(. LJVIIanLJIJ. It( (tate o),re(erat#on #( (!"' t'at #t t'ro7( -#g't on eta#-( 7'#"' 'ae not (!r#e t'e genera-e(tr!"t#on #n t'e ot'er ,!e2-o(. T'e(e )eat!re( 7#-- 2e re)erre to #n t'e #("!((#on an"o,ar#(on o) t'e(e ar"'#te"t!ra- gro!,( 2& "on(tr!"t#ona- eta#-( #n C'a,ter IV.

T'#( ,!e2-o< -o"ate near-& #7a& 2et7een C#2o-a an T!(a&an< #( g#en on (oe o)t'e a,( a( P!e2-o rane. It #( (#t!ate on a (a-- 84ar o) t'e P!e2-o Co-orao7a('< 44 or 43 #-e( nort' o) Naa@o S,r#ng(< an a2o!t t'e (ae #(tan"e (o!t' )roP!e2-o Co-orao anao ,o(t9o))#"e. eogra,'#"a--& t'e r!#n( #g't 2e-ong to e#t'erT!(a&an or C#2o-a< 2!t Mr. C!('#ng 'a( "o--e"te tra#t#ona- re)eren"e( aong t'e ?!#a( to t'e o""!,at#on o) t'#( ,!e2-o 2& re-ate ,eo,-e( at a t#e not )ar reoe )ro t'e

)#r(t S,an#(' #(#t to t'#( reg#on.

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e)en(#e ,!e2-o ,ra"t#"a--& a( a (#ng-e 'o!(e. A-- t'e terra"e( )a"e !,on one or ore#n"-o(e "o!rt(< t'ro!g' 7'#"' a""e(( 7a( ga#ne to t'e roo(. T'e o,en#ng( #n t'#(o!ter 7a--< e(,e"#a--& near t'e gro!n< 7ere )e7 #n n!2er an er& (a-- #n (#e< a(('o7n #n P-. CIV. T'e ,!e2-o 7a( 2!#-t #n t7o 7#ng( o) near-& e!a- (#e on t'e o,,o(#te(-o,e( o) a -arge (an& 7a('< traer(#ng #t( "enter )ro ea(t to 7e(t. T'#( 7a('

o!2t-e(( at one t#e )!rn#('e ,e"!-#ar )a"#-#t#e( )or (torage o) 7ater 7#t'#n or near t'e#--age< an t'#( !(t 'ae 2een one o) t'e #n!"eent( )or t'e (e-e"t#on o) t'e (#te. Att'e t#e o) o!r (!re&< 'o7eer< not a ro, o) 7ater 7a( to 2e )o!n a2o!t t'e r!#n< nor"o!- e(t#ge( o) an& "on(tr!"t#on )or gat'er#ng or (tor#ng 7ater 2e tra"e. S!"'e(t#ge( 7o!- not 2e -#e-& to rea#n< a( t'e& !(t 'ae 2een 7a('e a7a& 2& t'e#o-ent (!er torrent( or 2!r#e !ner t'e a""!!-at#ng (an(. T7o (ea(on((!2(e!ent to o!r 7or at t'#( ,o#nt #t 7a( -earne t'at an Aer#"an< #gg#ng #n (oeroo( on t'e arro&o arg#n< #("oere t'e rea#n( o) a 7e-- or re(ero#r< 7'#"' 'e"-eare o) (an an e2r#( an )o!n to 2e #n goo "on#t#on< )!rn#('#ng (o (tea& a7ater (!,,-& t'at t'e #("oerer (ett-e on t'e (,ot. T'#( 7a( not (een 2& t'e 7r#ter.T'ere #( a (a-- (,r#ng< ,er'a,( a #-e )ro t'e ,!e2-o #n a nort'ea(ter-& #re"t#on< 2!t

t'#( (o!r"e 7o!- 'ae 2een 7'o--& #n(!))#"#ent )or t'e nee( o) (o -arge a #--age. Ita& 'ae )!rn#('e a !"' ore a2!nant (!,,-&< 'o7eer< 7'en #t 7a( #n "on(tant!(e< )or at t'e t#e o) o!r #(#t #t (eee to 2e "'oe !,. A2o!t a #-e an a 'a-) 7e(t!#te a -agoon )or( )ro t'e "o--e"te ra#nage o) (eera- 2roa a--e&(< an "onta#n(7ater )or a -ong t#e a)ter t'e "e((at#on o) t'e ra#n(. A2o!t * #-e( to t'e nort'< #n ae,re((#on o) a 2roa a--e&< an e+ten(#e -ae #( (#t!ate< an #t( (!,,-& (ee( to 2e"on(tant t'ro!g'o!t t'e &ear< e+"e,t< ,er'a,(< !r#ng an !n!(!a--& r& (ea(on. T'e(ear#o!( 2o#e( o) 7ater 7ere !no!2te-& !t#-#e #n t'e 'ort#"!-t!re o) t'e o""!,ant( o);#n9t#e- #n )a"t< near t'e 2orer( o) t'e -arger -ae re)erre to #( a (a-- 'o!(e o) t7oroo( !"' (##-ar #n 7oran('#, to t'e a#n 83,!e2-o< e#ent-& e(#gne a( ano!t-oo oer )#e-(. T'#( 2!#-#ng #( #--!(trate #n P-. LJVI.

P-ate LJIV. Nort' 7a-- o) ;#n9t#e-.

T'e arrangeent o) t'e #nner 'o!(e( #))er( #n t'e t7o 'a-e( o) t'e r!#n. It 7#-- 2e (eent'at #n t'e nort' 'a-) t'e genera- arrangeent #( ro!g'-& ,ara--e- 7#t' t'e o!ter 7a--(aa#&a-ana< no rea#n( o) e+terna- gate7a&( 'ae 2een)o!n t'e ,-an( (!gge(t t'at t'e #(,o(#t#on o) t'e ar#o!( "-!(ter( a,,ro+#ate(oe7'at t'e #rreg!-ar arrangeent o) t'e ,re(ent a&. T'ere are on-& o""a(#ona- tra"e(

o) 4$6to2a""o%"orn< e-on(< (!a('e(< et".< 2e#ng "!-t#ate e-(e7'ere #n -arger tra"t(.T'ere #( a -arge gro!, o) garen( on t'e 2an o) t'e (trea at t'e (o!t'ea(tern "orner o)?!#< an 'ere t'ere are (-#g't #n#"at#on( o) terra"#ng. A (e"on gro!, on t'e (tee,er(-o,e at t'e (o!t'7e(tern "orner #( #(t#n"t-& terra"e. Sa-- 7a--e garen( o) t'e (aet&,e a( t'e(e ?!# e+a,-e( o""!r #n t'e #"#n#t& o) (oe o) t'e T!(a&an #--age( on t'e#-e e(a. T'e& are -o"ate near t'e (,r#ng( or 7ater ,o"et(< a,,arent-& to )a"#-#tate7ater#ng 2& 'an. Soe o) t'e "onta#n a )e7 (a-- ,ea"' tree( #n a#t#on to t'eegeta2-e "ro,( or#nar#-& et 7#t'. T'e "-!(ter( 'ere are< a( a r!-e< (a--er t'an t'o(eo) ?!#< a( t'ere #( !"' -e(( (,a"e aa#-a2-e #n t'e #"#n#t& o) t'e (,r#ng(. At one ,o#nton t'e 7e(t (#e o) t'e )#r(t e(a< a )e7 #-e( a2oe a-,#< a "o,#o!( (,r#ng (ere( to#rr#gate !#te an e+ten(#e (er#e( o) (a-- garen ,at"'e( #(tr#2!te oer -o7er (-o,e(.

P-ate CJI. ?!# eag-e9"age.

At (eera- ,o#nt( aro!n ?!#< !(!a--& at a greater #(tan"e t'an t'e terra"e garen(< are)#e-( o) !"' -arger area #n"-o(e #n a (##-ar anner. T'e#r #n"-o(!re 7a( (#,-& to
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(e"!re t'e aga#n(t t'e e,reat#on( o) (tra& 2!rro(< (o n!ero!( a2o!t t'e #--age.'en t'e "ro,( are gat'ere #n t'e a!t!n< (eera- 2rea"'e( are ae #n t'e -o7 7a--an t'e 2!rro( are a--o7e to -!+!r#ate on t'e rea#n(. P-. LIJ#n#"ate( t'e ,o(#t#on o)t'e -arge "-!(ter o) garen ,at"'e( on t'e (o!t'ea(tern (#e o) ?!#. F#g. $$1


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!n"oere ('ae. T'e )orer #( "on(tr!"te 2& )#r(t 4$/,-ant#ng a ('ort )ore (t#" #nt'e gro!n< 7'#"' (!,,ort( one en o) a ,o-e< t'e ot'er en re(t#ng on t'e gro!n. T'e#ntera- 2et7een t'#( r#ge ,o-e an t'e gro!n #( ro!g'-& )#--e #n 7#t' (-ant#ng (t#"(an 2r!('< t'e #n"-o(e (,a"e 2e#ng not ore t'an 3 )eet #n 'e#g't< 7#t' a a+#!7#t' o) )o!r or )#e )eet. T'e(e ('e-ter( are )or t'e a""ooat#on o) t'e "'#-ren 7'o

7at"' t'e e-on ,at"'e( !nt#- t'e )r!#t #( 'are(te.

%2$ ???$ Gishoni, or uncovered shade, of usa!an$

T'e #('on#< or !n"oere ('ae< #--!(trate #n F#g. $$$< #( ,er'a,( t'e (#,-e(t )or o)('e-ter e,-o&e. Ten or a oen "otton7oo (a,-#ng( are (et )#r-& #nto t'e gro!n< (oa( to )or a (-#g't-& "!re #n"-o(!re 7#t' "one+ (#e to7ar t'e (o!t'. Cotton7ooan 7#--o7 2o!g'( #n )o-#age< grea(e97oo< (age 2r!('< an ra22#t 2r!(' are -a# 7#t'(te( !,7ar #n een ro7( aga#n(t t'e(e (a,-#ng( to a 'e#g't o) * or 6 )eet. T'#( -#g't

ater#a- #( 'e- #n ,-a"e 2& 2an( o) (a-- "otton7oo 2ran"'e( -a# #n "ont#n!o!('or#onta- -#ne( aro!n t'e o!t(#e o) t'e ('e-ter an t'e(e are atta"'e to t'e !,r#g't(a,-#ng( 7#t' "otton7oo an 7#--o7 t7#g(.
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%2$ ??@$ A usa!an field shelter, from southwest$

4$8F#g(. $$4an $$3#--!(trate a !"' ore e-a2orate )#e- ('e-ter #n T!(a&an. A( a&rea#-& 2e (een )ro t'e )#g!re( t'#( ('e-ter "oer( a "on(#era2-e area #t 7#-- 2e (eentoo t'at t'e !,r#g't 2ran"'e( t'at #n"-o(e t7o o) #t( (#e( are o) (!))#"#ent 'e#g't to"on(#era2-& ('ae t'e -ee- roo) o) ,o-e( an 2r!('< "onert#ng #t #nto a "o)orta2-eretreat.

%2$ ??$ A usa!an field shelter, from northeast$

441

ARCHITECTURAL NOMENCLATURE.

T'e )o--o7#ng noen"-at!re< "o--e"te 2& Mr. Ste,'en< "o,r#(e( t'e ter( "oon-&!(e #n e(#gnat#ng t'e "on(tr!"t#ona- eta#-( o) T!(a&an 'o!(e( an #a(:

;#o-#T'e gro!n )-oor roo( )or#ng t'e )#r(t terra"e.

T!,!2# T'e roo)e re"e(( at t'e en o) t'e )#r(t terra"e.
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A',a2#A terra"e roo).

I',o2#T!,at"a #',o2# T'e t'#r terra"e< !(e #n "oon a( a -o#ter#ng ,-a"e.T!t"oo2# T'e ,-a"e o) t'e )-at (toneG (a-- roo( #n 7'#"' ,##


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;#a# An ent#re roo). T'e a#n 2ea(< "ro(( ,o-e(< an roo) -a&er('ae t'e (ae nae( a( #n t'e #a< g#en -ater.

cna# Pro@e"t#ng ,o-e( ra)ter( e+ten#ng 2e&on t'e 7a--(.Ba-a#n# S,rea o!tG t'e )-oor.Ot"o,' Lee-e 7#t' (tone(G a ra#(e -ee- )or t'e )o!nat#on.Ba-a#n# t7# F-oor -egeG t'e )-oor o) one roo ra#(e a2oe t'at o) an

a@o#n#ng one.Hao-a Lo7er ,-a"eG t'e )-oor o) a -o7er roo. San !ne( #n a

a--e& are "a--e Hao-,#.G;o-t"# A ('e-).O7ao-t"# A (tone ('e-).Ta, #ta A (!,,ort )or a ('e-).#nao-t"# A 'e7n ,-an ('e-).;o#n# A 7ooen ,eg #n a 7a--.

T-eta A ('e-) 'ang#ng )ro t'e "e#-#ng.T-et'a#,# T'e "or( )or (!(,en#ng a ('e-).T-"# A n#"'e #n t'e 7a--.T-# A (tone ortar.Mata T'e "o,-ete ea-#ng a,,arat!( )or gr#n#ng "orn.O7aata T'e tro!g' or o!ter )rae o) (tone (-a2(.Mata# T'e etate or gr#n#ng (-a2.;aota ata# T'e "oar(e(t gr#n#ng (-a2.Ta-ab ata# T'e ne+t )#ner (-a2 )ro ta-a#G to ,ar"' "r!('e "orn #n a

e((e- at t'e )#re.P#n&ta ata# T'e (-a2 o) )#ne(t te+t!re )ro ,#n


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S#2# 7a,# T'e 2r!(' "oer#ng.S#' 7a,# T'e gra(( "oer#ng.T"!at"e 7ata T'e r& eart' -a&er o) t'e roo).;#a2a-a7# T'e -a&er o) ! ,-a(ter on t'e roo).

;#a# An ent#re roo).444T'e )o--o7#ng ter( are !(e to (,e"#a--& e(#gnate ar#o!( )eat!re( o) t'e #a(:

T,at"a#ata< -e(ta2#Le(ta27a,#

Estudo sobre a Arquitetura dos Índios Pueblo

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