Hkkjr Kku foKku lfefr

gfj;kyh gh gfj;kyhmiQZ Hkkstu dgka ls vkrk gS

fouksn jk;uk

4

uo tuokpu vkanksyu

bl fdrkc dk izdk'ku Hkkjr Kku foKku lfefr us^lj nksjkcth VkVk VªLV* ds lg;ksx ls fd;k gSA

bl vkanksyu dk edln vke turk esaiBu&ikBu laLÑfr fodflr djuk gSA

gfj;kyh gh gfj;kyh miQZ Hkkstu dgka ls vkrk gSfouksn jk;uk

dkWih laikndjk/s';ke eaxksyiqjh

js[kkaduegs'k eaxye

xzkfiQDlvHk; dqekj >k

dojvuq

izFke laLdj.kfnlacj 2007

lg;ksx jkf'k10 #i;s

eqæ.klu 'kkbu vkWiQlsV

ubZ fnYyh & 110 018

Hariyali Hi Hariyali Urfa Bhojan Kahan Se Aata haiVinod Raina

Copy EditorRadheshyam Mangolpuri

IllustrationMahesh Mangalam

GraphicsAbhay Kumar Jha

CoverAnu

First EditionDecember 2007

Contributory PriceRs.10.00

PrintingSun Shine OffsetNew Delhi - 110 018

Publication and DistributionBharat Gyan Vigyan Samiti

Basement of Y.W.A. Hostel No. II, G-Block, Saket , New Delhi - 110017Phone : 011 - 26569943, Fax : 91 - 011 - 26569773

Email : bgvs_delhi@yahoo.co.in, bgvsdelhi@gmail.com

BGVS DEC 2007 2K 1000 NJVA 0119/2007

lkHkkj ^pded*

5

gfj;kyh gh gfj;kyhmQZ Hkkstu dgka ls vkrk gS

fdlh taxy dh laqnjrk dh ppkZ tc ge djrs gSa rks dkSu&lh ckr,dne tcku ij vkrh gS\ ;gh u fd ^fdruh gjh&Hkjh txg gSog!* d'ehj] f'keyk] nkftZfyax vkSj vU; fdlh ,slh txg dhckrsa djsa rks ;gh okD; eqag ls fudyrk gS vkSj fdlh xkao dh ckrdjsa rks [ksrksa dh gfj;kyh vkSj ?kus isM+ksa dh ppkZ fd, fcuk jgk ghugha tkrkA

6

ij D;k lalkj Hkj dh gfj;kyh] dsoy lqanjrk dh pht gS\vkf[kj ;g gfj;kyh fdl otg ls gS\ rqeus bu lokyksa ds ckjs esadHkh u dHkh t:j lkspk gksxkA rqe D;k le>s ;k rqeus D;kfu"d"kZ fudkys] gesa Hkh crkvksA

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pyks] vkt bl gfj;kyh dks FkksM+k vkSj xgjkbZ ls le>saA[kkus&ihus ;kfu Hkkstu ls viuh ckr 'kq: djsa µ vk;k u etk!D;k dksbZ Hkh izk.kh fcuk Hkkstu ds ftank jg ldrk gS\ ge ;gkadqN le; dh ckr ugha dj jgs gSa & cgqr fnuksa dh ckr gks jghgSA mÙkj ljy gS & ^ugha jg ldrkA* fcuk Hkkstu ds izk.kh ejtk,xkA ij ;g Hkkstu vkrk dgka ls gS\ rqe dgksxs [ksr ls vuktvkrk gS] Qy vkSj lfCt;ka ckx&cxhpksa lsA 'kgjksa esa ;s phtsa nqdkuls [kjhnrs gSaA ij ;g rks gqbZ gekjs (euq"; ds) Hkkstu dh ckr!ckdh izkf.k;ksa ds ckjs esa D;k [;ky gS\ vkvks ,d dhM+s ds Hkkstuls 'kq#vkr djrs gSaA

dksle dk dhM+k rqeus t:j ns[kk gksxkA yky jax dk ;g dhM+kdksle ds isM+ ij jgrk gSA bldk Hkkstu gS blh isM+ dh ifÙk;kaA blisM+ ds vklikl dbZ vU; i{kh o tkuoj tSls dkSos] xkSjs;k]fxygjh] fxjfxV ;k pwgs vkfn jgrs gSaA buesa lsdb;ksa dk Hkkstu NksVs dhM+s&edksM+s gaSArks ckr lkQ gS fd dksle dk dhM+kftldk Hkkstu dksle ds iÙks gSa]vius&vki xkSjs;k] dkSvk ;kfQj fxjfxV dk Hkkstu cutkrk gSA pyks eku ysa fdxkSjs;k us dksle dk dhM+k[kk fy;kA vc ckjh gSxkSjs;k dhA xkSjs;k fdrukHkh Qqnds lkai mls [kkgh ysrk gSA rks xkSjs;kcuh lkai dk HkkstuA vc rqedgksxs fd Hkyk lkai dks dksbZ [kk ldrk

8

gS! t:j --- phy] ckt] x#M+ ;k eksj ,slsi{kh gSa tks lkai dk Hkkstu djrs gSaAphy] ckt vkSj x#M+ tSls i{kh rkspwgs] [kjxks'k ;gka rd fd fl;kj]xhnM+ dks Hkh viuk Hkkstu cuk ysrsgSaA ;g Hkh laHko gS fd lkai dks [kkus

okys bu if{k;ksa dks dksbZ vU;tkuoj viuk f'kdkj cuk ys]tSls fcYyh dcwrj] rksrs ;k eqfxZ;ksadks idM+ ysrh gSA bl rjg ;gflyflyk rks pyrk gh tkrk gSA

;g flyflyk rks dksleds dhM+s ls 'kq: gksrk gS] ;kuh uhps ls Åij dh rjQA D;ksa u Åijls uhps dh rjQ pysaA ;g rks ge tkurs gh gSa fd taxy dk lclsrkdroj izk.kh 'ksj ;k phrk gksrk gSAvc lkspks 'ksj dk Hkkstu D;k gS\;gh uk&fgj.k] cdjh] lqvj]canj vk Sj nwlj s ikyrwpkSik,! buesa ls ge fgj.kvkSj cdjs dks ysa& ;snksuksa gh 'kkdkgkjh gSa ;kfudsoy ?kkl&ifÙk;ka [kkrsgSaA 'ksj dk Hkkstu ,slktkuoj Hkh gks ldrk gStks cdjh vkSj fgj.k dks[kk tkrk gSA

9

blh rjg euq"; dk Hkkstuij[k s aA dqN euq"; dsoy'kkdkgkjh gksrs gSa vkSj dqN'kkdkgkjh rFkk ekalkgkjh nksuksaA'kkdkgkjh rks lh/s gh viukHkk stu vukt] Qy rFkklfCt;ksa ds :Ik esa ys ysrs gSaA ijekalkgkjh Hkkstu HksM+] cdjh] eqxkZ]eNyh bR;kfn ds :Ik esa feyrkgSA ysfdu HksM+] cdjh ;k eqxkZrks vkf[kjdkj ?kkl] iÙkh] vuktij gh thfor jgrs gSaA

rks fo'o ds yk[kksa&djksM+ksatho&tarq ftuesa euq"; Hkh 'kkfey gS]

yxkrkj ouLifr;ksa dks dpj&dpj [kkrs jgrs gSa ;k mu tarqvksadks [kkrs gSa tks ouLifr [kkrs gSa ;k mu tarqvksa dks [kkrs gSa tks nwljstarqvksa dks viuk Hkkstu cukrs gSa ---

eryc ;g gS fd ftl :Ik esa Hkh ns[ksa izkf.k;ksa dks Hkkstuvarr% ouLifr;ksa ls gh izkIr gksrk gSA

;g lc rks Bhd gS! ij HkbZ] gfj;kyhdk D;k gqvk\

cl FkksM+k lcz djks!

vHkh loky ;g gS fd ouLifr;ksadks Hkkstu dgka ls izkIr gksrk gS\ ,slkD;k [kkrs gSa os fd u dsoy viuk

10

iks"k.k dj ldsa] cfYd vU; izkf.k;ksa dh Hkkstu dh t:jr Hkh iwjhdj ldsaA Åij ls ns[kus ij rks ,slk yxrk gS tSls isM+&ikS/s Hkkstugh ugha djrsA ysfdu fQj Hkh os yxkrkj iSnk gksrs jgrs gSa vkSj c<+rsjgrs gSaA gka] ,d ckr ge t:j tkurs gSa fd mUgsa ikuh nsuk iM+rkgS vkSj dHkh&dHkh [kkn Hkh! ij D;k bls mudk [kkuk ;k Hkkstudg ldrs gSa\

,slh fLFkfr esa ;g ckr le>uk eqf'dy ugha gS fd yksx igys;g ekuus yxs Fks fd isM+&ikS/s tehu ls gh Hkkstu xzg.k dj ysrs

11

gSaA bl /kj.kk dk lcls igys fQuySaM ns'k ds ,d oSKkfud gsyeksa(lu~ 1580&1644) us fujh{k.k fd;kA gsyeksa us ,d NksVk&lkisM+] ftldk otu yxHkx 2 fdyksxzke Fkk] ,d cM+s xeys esamxk;kA xeys esa yxHkx 100 fdyksxzke feêðh FkhA ikap lky rd isM+dks lko/kuh ls c<+us fn;kA xeys dh feêðh dks <addj j[kk Fkk]rkfd mlesa ok;q esa mifLFkr feêðh ds d.kfxjdj otu u c<+k,aA flQZ ikuh nsrsoDr gh feêðh [kqyh gksrhA ikaplky ds ckn gsyeksa us bl isM+dks m[kkM+kA isM+ dh tM+ esayxh feêðh dks ikuh ls /ksfy;kA isM+ dks rkSyk x;kAisM+ dk otu yxHkx 84fdyksxzke gks x;k Fkk] ;kfumldk otu 82 fdyksxzkec<+ x;k FkkA ysfdu feêðhdk D;k gqvk\ 100 fdyksxzkefeêðh dk otu 250 xzke ls Hkhde ek=kk esa ?kVk Fkk!

bl egRoiw.kZ iz;ksx ls D;k r; gqvk\ ;gh u fd ,slk ugha gSfd feêðh gh isM+&ikS/ksa dk Hkkstu gSA gsyeksa us fQj ;g vanktyxk;k fd ikuh Hkkstu dk lzksr gksxk] D;ksafd ;g lc tkurs gSa fdikuh ds fcuk isM+&ikS/s ej tkrs gSaA ij ,d ckr gsyeksa Hkwy x, ;k;aw dgsa fd mudk è;ku ml rjQ ugha x;kA og ;g fd isM+&ikS/ksa ds vklikl gok Hkh jgrh gSA vc rqe dgksxs fd bl ckr dkD;k egRo gS] Hkwy x, rks Hkwy x,A D;k gok [kkdj Hkh dksbZthfor jg ldrk gSA vxj ge gka dgsa rks rqe gesa MaMk ysdj ekjus

12

rks ugha nkSM+ksxs! vPNk pyks] ge ,d vkSj iz;ksx ds ckjs esa crkdjviuh ckr le>krs gSaA

vki fQj iz;ksx dh ckr djus yxs] gfj;kyh dk D;kgqvk\

crkrs gSa --- FkksM+k /hjt vkSj j[kks! gfj;kyh ds fy, gh;g lc crk jgs gSa!

Ikz[;kr oSKkfud izhLVys (vkWDlhtu dks [kkstus okys) uslu~ 1771 esa ,d iz;ksx fd;k! ,d pwgs dks ,slh txg can dj fn;k]

13

tgka u gok vanj tk ldrh Fkh] u ckgj vk ldrh FkhA dqN fnuksackn pwgk ej x;kA izhLVys us lkspk] pwgs dh txg ikS/s dks j[kdjns[kawA vxj og Hkh ej tk,xk rks ;g fl¼ gksxk fd ikS/k Hkh pwgsdh rjg thfor gSA ml tekus esa ;g ugha ekuk tkrk Fkk fdisM+&ikS/ksa esa Hkh tku gksrh gS] D;ksafd /kfeZd xzaFk ckbfcy esa ,slkdgk x;k gSA izhLVys us ikS/k j[k fn;kA ikS/k ugha ejk] ogfnuksa&fnu c<+rk gh x;kA izhLVys us vc ,d nwljk pwgk idM+k vkSjmls ml ikS/s ds lkFk j[k fn;kA ;g pwgk igys dh vis{kk dqNvf/d fnuksa rd ¯tnk jgkA bldk eryc ;g gS fd ikS/s dhmifLFkfr ls gok esa dqN c<+ksrjh ;k cnyko gqvk Fkk] ftlls pwgkvf/d fnu ftank jgkA gka] ;kn jgs ;g iz;ksx djus rd izhLVys dksvkWDlhtu ds ckjs esa tkudkjh ugha FkhA

vkt gekjs ikl tks tkudkjh gS mlds vk/kj ij ge vklkuhls ;g dg ldrs gSa fd izk.kh vkWDlhtu dk mi;ksx izk.kok;q ds:Ik esa djrs gSa] tcfd ikS/s bls mRiUu djrs gSaA

bldk lh/k&lknk eryc ;g gqvk fd ikS/s u dsoy iwjs fo'ods Hkkstu dk HkaMkj gSa] oju~ gekjh izk.kok;q vkWDlhtu dk Hkh ,dlzksr gSaA Hkkstu ds fcuk rks ge dqN fnu ftank Hkh jg ysa] ysfduvkWDlhtu ds fcuk rks pan feuVksa esa gh Nqêðh! vc lkspks] ikS/s ukgksrs rks --- cki js cki] thou laHko ugha gksrk!

vHkh Hkh gfj;kyh ds ckjs esa tkuuk pkgrs gks --- ;k le>ukpkgrs gks fd ikS/ksa dk jgL; D;k gS\ os Hkkstu vkSj vkWDlhtu

14

dSls iSnk djrs gSa\ D;k;s vyx&vyx fØ;k,agSa ;k ,d gh fØ;k dsnks Qy\ vxj rqEgkjhftKklk vHkh Hkh ughac<+h gS --- rks Bhd gS --- rqEgkjk Hkkstu --- lkal

--- can!

Ukgha --- ugha! ftKklk rksc<+h gS] ysfdu gfj;kyh ---\

lquks --- vHkh igsyh dk gy pyjgk gS!

lu~ 1779 esa MsuekdZ ds ,d oSKkfud ;ku buxsu gkvt usizhLVys ds dke ds ckjs esa lquus ds ckn dqN iz;ksx [kqn fd,] ;gle>us ds fy, fd ikS/s gok dks 'kq¼ dSls djrs gSaA mUgksausik;k fd ikS/s dsoy lw;Z dsizdk'k esa gh vkWDlhtu cukrsgSa] va/sjs esa ughaA

blh dke dks vkxs c<+krsgq, lu~ 1782 esa fLoVtjySaMd s ,d o SKk fud T;k alsfufc;j us irk yxk;k fdbl dke ds fy, dsoy lw;Z izdk'kgh ugha] dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM dh Hkht:jr gksrh gSA

15

bu lc fu"d"kks± ls ;g yxk fd gsyeksa dk iz;ksx nksgjk;k tk,A;g dke fLoVtjySaM ds ,d vU; oSKkfud fM&Loklsj us fd;kAmUgksaus ikS/ksa dks ,d can okrkoj.k esa mxus fn;kA bl okrkoj.k esadkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM rFkk lw;Z dk izdk'k Hkh ekStwn FkkA mUgksaus nksphtsa ukihaA ,d ;g fd dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM fdruh de gqbZ vkSjnwljs ;g fd ikS/s dk otufdruk c<+kA ikS/s dk otu[kpZ gqbZ dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbMl s dkQh vf/d F k k AfM&Loklsj us dgk fd ckdhfgLlk okLro esa ikuh gksukpkfg,A gsyeksa dk ikuh dkvankt blfy, dqN gn rdlgh FkkA

bu lc ckrksa ls ,d ckr rksfcYdqy lkQ gks xbZ fd ikS/s ikuh]dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM o lw;Z izdk'k ls HkkstuvkSj vkWDlhtu cukrs gSa] ;kfu

bl rjg ikS/s viuh vkSj thoksa ds thou dh nks t:jrksa]Hkkstu vkSj vkWDlhtu dks ,d gh fØ;k esa cukrs gSaA

HkbZ] ;g ckr rks cgqr xgjh dgh] ysfdu vc vxj gfj;kyhdk dkj.k ugha crkvks rks --- ge Hkh vkxs ugha i<+saxs ---A

lw;Z izdk'k$ dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM$ ikuh

Hkkstu $ vkWDlhtu

16

vPNk --- Bhd gS! pyks le>rs gSaA rks tjk xkSj djks ÅijcrkbZ xbZ ikS/ksa dh fØ;k ijA dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM vkSj ikuhfeydj Hkkstu o vkWDlhtu cukrs gSaA ;g rks ,d jklk;fud fØ;kgS vkSj bl fØ;k esa dke vkrh gS ÅtkZA ;g ÅtkZ dgka ls vkrhgS Hkyk! Bhd le>s] lw;Z ds izdk'k lsA

vc tjk lksp dj crkvks fd ikS/s ds fdl Hkkx esa ;g fØ;kgksrh gksxh\

ruk\

xyr!

tM+\

vjs HkbZ ugha! ;g fØ;k gksrh gS ifÙk;ksa esa!

th gka] ogh tks gjh gksrh gSA

vgk! Rkks gfj;kyh dh ckr vk gh xbZ!

vc lw;Z ds izdk'k ls tks ÅtkZ feyrh gS] mldks Bhd ,sls :iesa cnyus dh t:jr gksrh gS ftlls dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM o ikuh lsHkkstu cusA ;g dke iÙkksa esa gh Nqik ,d inkFkZ djrk gSA blinkFkZ dk D;k jax gksxk] crk ldrs gks\

gjk --- gjk --- vc le> yh gfj;kyh!

Bhd --- ;gh gjk inkFkZ lw;Z dk izdk'k xzg.k dj Hkkstu cukusdh izfØ;k laHko djrk gSA

vc D;k [;ky gS gfj;kyh ds ckjs esa\ D;k ;g dsoy laqnjrkdh pht gSA vxj ;g gfj;kyh nsus okyk inkFkZ ugha gksrk rks D;ktkus thou gksrk ;k ugha vkSj vxj gksrk rks dSlk!

17

,d etsnkj ckr lksph gS rqeus! ge vkerkSj ij dgrs gSa fd^lCth [kk yhA* vly esa ^lCt* gjs dk i;kZ;okph 'kCn gSA ewy:Ik esa ;g mnwZ dk 'kCn gSA blh ls cuk ^lCth*A rks ckrphr esa Hkhge blh lCth ;k gfj;kyh dh ckr djrs gSaA tSls ;g gjk inkFkZ ghHkkstu gksA ij ,slk ugha gS] ;g inkFkZ rks dsoy Hkkstu cukus dkdke djrk gSA ij okLro esa vxj ;g u gksrk rks Hkkstu Hkh ugksrkA

18

bl gjs inkFkZ dk uke\

vc uke esa D;k j[kk gS! dke tkuks rks] lc dqN tku fy;kAvkSj fQj oSKkfud uke rks yacs&pkSM+s] jVus ds fy, gksrs gSaA vkSjjVuk Kku ugha gSA ckr rks le> ls curh gSA

fQj Hkh --- uke crkus esa vkidk D;k tkrk gS!

vPNk --- rks fQj yks] jV yks --- DyksjksfQy dgrs gSa bls! ;kuhgfj;kyh gh gfj;kyh dk oSKkfud :Ik gksxk DyksjksfQy gh DyksjksfQyA

ugha th --- ge rks le> x, --- gesa rks gfj;kyh gh gfj;kyhilan gSA ❐

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