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Transcript of gimnospermas
![Page 1: gimnospermas](https://reader033.fdocumentos.com/reader033/viewer/2022052206/54718d2db4af9f6e238b4581/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Profª. Dêinise Bonfim
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CLIMA FRIO OU TEMPERADO
ASPECTO GERAL
REPRODUÇÃO INDEPENDENTE DA ÁGUA
NÃO POSSUEM FRUTOS
CLASSIFICAÇÃO
GINKGOPHYTA
GNETOPHYTA
CICADOPHYTA
CONYPHEROPHYTA
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Surgimento de grão de pólen, óvulos e
sementes.
Essas estruturas aumentam a
sobrevivência do embrião e facilitam a
dispersão da espécie, possibilitando
que as gimnospermas ocupem
amplamente o ambiente terrestre.
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CORMÓFITAS
FOLHAS
COM ÓRGÃOS
RAIZ
CAULE
TRAQUEÓFITAS
COM XILEMA
E FLOEMA
FANERÓGAMAS
COM FLORES
SIFONÓGAMAS
COM TUBO POLÍNICO
ESPERMÁFITAS
COM SEMENTES
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REPRODUÇÃO
ESPORÓFITO (ADULTO)
REPRODUÇÃO TÍPICA METAGÊNESE
INDEPENDÊNCIA DA ÁGUA
GRÃOS DE PÓLEN SEMENTESÓVULOS
GARANTEM
ESTRÓBILOS
MASCULINOS FEMININOS
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ESTRÓBILO
MASCULINO = MICROSTRÓBILO
MICROSPORÂNGIOS
CONTÉM
PRODUZEM
MICRÓSPOROS
FORMAM GAMETÓFITOS
MASCULINOS
IMATUROS
R!
CÉLULA
GENERATIVA
CÉLULA DO
TUBO
PÓLEN
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GRÃO DE PÓLEN
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MICROSTRÓBILOS DE Pinus elliotti
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MICROSTRÓBILOS DE Pinus
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Cedrus libani - microstróbilo
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Araucaria Sequóia
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Microstróbilo Ginkgo biloba
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ESTRÓBILO
FEMININO = MEGASTRÓBILO
MEGASPORÂNGIOS
CONTÉM
PRODUZEM
MEGÁSPORO
FORMA
GAMETÓFITO
FEMININO
R!ARQUEGÔNIO
OOSFERA
SACO
EMBRIONÁRIO
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Cedrus libani - megastróbilo
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Cipreste - megastróbilo
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Sequóia - megastróbilo
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Araucaria angustifolia - megastróbilo
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Ciclo de vida:Gimnospermas
Esporófito
maduro (2n)
Germinação
Pinhão
Grãos de pólen
são liberadosMeiose com formação
de grãos de pólen
Sacos aéreos
Célulado tubo
Célulagenerativa
Escama ovulífera
Meiose
Megásporo
funcional (n)
Formação do tubo
polínico e fecundação
Arquegônio (2n)
com oosfera (n)
Gametófitofeminino (n)
Embrião (2n)
Estróbilo feminino
Estróbilo masculino
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ESPORÓFITO
MICRÓSPOROS
MEGÁSPORO
FUNCIONAL
SACOS POLÍNICOS
GRÃO DE
PÓLEN
OOSFERAS
SACO
EMBRIONÁRIO
TUBO
POLÍNICO
ZIGOTO
n2n
R!
EMBRIÃO
CÉLULA-MÃE DO
MEGÁSPORO
POLINIZAÇÃO ANEMÓFILA
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OOSFERA
NÚCLEO VEGETATIVO
NÚCLEOS ESPERMÁTICOS
(GAMETAS)
SÓ UM NÚCLEO ESPERMÁTICO
FECUNDA A OOSFERA, O
OUTRO DEGENERA
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EMBRIÃOENDOSPERMA
TEGUMENTO
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TAIGA E MATA
DE
ARAUCÁRIA
CONIFEROPHYTA
Filo mais numeroso. Apresentam 614 espécies
descritas, sendo que 5 ocorrem no Brasil.
REGIÕES FRIAS
PINHEIROS, SEQUÓIAS E CIPRESTES
ETIMOLOGIA: conus = cone + phorus = portador.
Estruturas reprodutivas são de forma cônica.
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GENERAL SHERMANN
90
,71
mÁRVORE
ALTURA
(M)
CIRCUNF.
(M)
GENERAL SHERMAN
GIANT FOREST90,17 33,8
WASHINGTON GIANT
FOREST84,05 36,36
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PINHA SEQUÓIA
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Araucaria angustifolia
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Araucaria angustifolia – ITAIMBEZINHO
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Araucaria araucana - CHILE
Araucaria bidwilli -AUSTRÁLIA
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CIPRESTES
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Thuja orientalis
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Juniperus chinensisTeixo Pinus longaeva
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GNETOPHYTA
APENAS 3 GÊNEROS EXISTENTES
Welwitschia sp - representada por 2 sp localizadas
em regiões desérticas do sudoeste africano
(Angola, Namíbia e África do Sul).
Gnetum sp – árvores ou trepadeiras, encontradas
em regiões tropicais (8 ocorrem na Amazônia).
Ephedra sp – arbustos com folhas
semelhantes a escamas EXTRAÇÃO DA
EFEDRINA
ASMA E
ENFISEMA
Apresentam 70 espécies, 9 ocorrem no Brasil.
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Welwitschia mirabilis
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Welwitschia
MACHO FÊMEA
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MICROSTRÓBILO DE Welwitschia
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Gnetum
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CICADOPHYTA
SEMELHANTES À PALMEIRAS
REGIÕES TROPICAIS E SUBTROPICAIS
PODEM ATINGIR 18 m DE ALTURA
DEPENDEM DA ÁGUA PARA A FECUNDAÇÃO
ESTRÓBILOS GRANDES PARECEM ABACAXIS
Cycas revoluta ou palmeirinha-de-jardim
Em geral são tóxicas – produzem NEUROTOXINAS e
compostos que causam CÂNCER.
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Cycas
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Cycas revoluta - MICROSTRÓBILOS
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Cycas revoluta -
MEGASTRÓBILO
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Cycas revoluta
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Cycas revoluta
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GINKGOPHYTA
SÓ UMA ESPÉCIE VIVENTE
Ginkgo biloba – árvore com 30 m ou mais.
FOLHAS EM FORMA DE LEQUE
RESISTENTE À POLUIÇÃO
EXTRAÇÃO DE FITOTERÁPICO
DEPENDEM DA ÁGUA PARA A FECUNDAÇÃO
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EXTRAÇÃO DE FITOTERÁPICO
Têm substâncias ativas capazes de
melhorar a insuficiência vascular
cerebral e periférica e é usado para
auxílio ao tratamento de distúrbios de
memória e concentração, vertigens,
zunido no ouvido e labirintite.
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Gynkgo biloba
GINKGO HIROSHIMA
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Folha de Gynkgo
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GIMNOSPERMAS
CONYPHEROPHYTA
COMPLEXAS
GNETOPHYTA
SIMPLES
GINKGOPHYTA
CICADOPHYTA
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CARACTERÍSTICAS
RAIZ, CAULE, FOLHA, FLOR E SEMENTE
NÃO TEM FRUTO
ESPORÓFITO (2n) INDIVÍDUO ADULTO
GAMETÓFITO
MASCULINO (n)
GRÃO DE PÓLEN E TUBO
POLÍNICO
GAMETA MASCULINO CÉLULA ESPERMÁTICA
GAMETÓFITO
FEMININO (n)
SACO EMBRIONÁRIO COM
ARQUEGÔNIOS
GAMETA FEMININO OOSFERA
POLINIZAÇÃO ANEMÓFILA
ÓVULOGINOSPORÂNGIO OU
MEGASPORÂNGIO
SEMENTECASCA + EMBRIÃO +
ENDOSPERMA PRIMÁRIO