Guia de Tecnologias Biometricas

8/3/2019 Guia de Tecnologias Biometricas

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2/52

Fblold: Korvn~f >388

Ih Mvh kn~f ih rfodkikmh nlkgr~loh hsilohbh h ih fmv~lbhb `h lbk fihnk~hbh sk~fi Ldrlrvrk Dholkdhi bf Rfodkikmh bf ih Okgvdlohold (LDRFOK,) h r~hq bf v Knf~qh'rk~lk bf ih _fmv~lbhb bf ih Ldk~ghold:

Shnik S~fz _hd'Jk (bl~foold,

Fbvh~bk iqh~fz Hikdk (okk~bldhold,

_vhdh bf ih Avfdrf ^kb~mvfz

Ihv~h Mh~oh S~fz

O~lrldh Mvrl~~fz Nk~mf

Ih ~fsfdrf vnilohold f~rfdfof hi Ldsrlrvrk Dholkdhi bf Rfodkikmhs bf ih Okgvdlohold (LDRFOK, |fsr nhjk vdh ilofdolh ^fokdkolglfdrk'Dk okgf~olhi ?$3 Fshh bf O~fhrlqf Okggkds) | k~ fiik fsrh f~gl'rlbk oklh~) blsr~lnvl~ | okgvdloh~ nilohgfdrf fsrh kn~h nhjk ihs okdblolkdfs slmvlfdrfs:

^fokdkolglfdrk: Fi okdrfdlbk bf fsrf ldk~gf sf vfbf ~f~kbvol~ rkrhi k h~olhigfdrf k~ rf~of~ks)olrhdbk sv ~kofbfdolh | `holfdbk ~ff~fdolh fp~fsh rhdrk h LDRFOK okgk h sv slrlk }fn: }}}$ldrfok$fs$ Blo`k ~fokdkolglfdrk dk kb~ fd dldmd ohsk svmf~l~ xvf LDRFOK ~fsrh hk|k h blo`krf~of~k k hk|h fi vsk xvf `hof bf sv kn~h$

Vsk Dk Okgf~olhi: Fi ghrf~lhi k~lmldhi | iks r~hnhjks bf~lqhbks vfbfd sf~ blsr~lnvlbks) oklhbks |fp`lnlbks glfdr~hs sv vsk dk rfdmh adfs okgf~olhifs$

Hi ~fvrlilzh~ k blsr~lnvl~ ih kn~h) rlfdf xvf bfjh~ nlfd oih~k iks r~gldks bf ih ilofdolh bf fsrh kn~h$ Himvdh bffsrhs okdblolkdfs vfbf dk hiloh~sf sl sf knrlfdf fi f~glsk bf LDRFOK okgk rlrvih~ bf iks bf~fo`ks bfhvrk~$ Dhbh fd fsrh ilofdolh gfdksohnh k ~fsr~ldmf iks bf~fo`ks gk~hifs bf LDRFOK$ `rr:++o~fhrlqfokggkds$k~m+ilofdsfs+n|'do+?$3+fs+

Fi ~fsfdrf bkovgfdrk ovgif okd ihs okdblolkdfs bf hoofslnlilbhb bfi k~ghrk SBA (Sk~rhnif BkovgfdrAk~ghr,$ _f r~hrh bf vd bkovgfdrk fsr~vorv~hbk | frlxvfrhbk) ~kqlsrk bf hirf~dhrlqhs h rkbk fifgfdrk dkrfprvhi) gh~ohbk bf lblkgh | k~bfd bf iforv~h hbfovhbk$

Sh~h hgilh~ ldk~ghold skn~f ih okdsr~voold bf bkovgfdrks SBA hoofslnifs vfbf okdsvirh~ ih mvh blsk'dlnif fd ih sfoold Hoofslnlilbhb 4 Ak~ghold 4 Ghdvhifs | Mvhs bf ih mldh `rr:++}}}$ldrfok$fs
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3/52

Fi Ldsrlrvrk Dholkdhi bf Rfodkikmhs bf ih Okgvdlohold(LDRFOK,) skolfbhb fsrhrhi hbso~lrhhi Gldlsrf~lk bf Ldbvsr~lh) Rv~lsgk | Okgf~olk h r~hqs bf ih _fo~frh~h bf Fsrhbk bf Rfifok'

gvdloholkdfs | h~h ih _kolfbhb bf ih Ldk~ghold) fs vdh ihrhk~gh h~h fi bfsh~~kiik bf ih

_kolfbhb bfi Okdkolglfdrk h r~hqs bf ~k|forks bfi gnlrk bf ih lddkqhold | ih rfodkikmh$

Ih glsld bf LDRFOK fs hk~rh~ qhik~ f lddkqhold h iks olvbhbhdks) h ihs |gfs) h ihs Hbgl'

dlsr~holkdfs Snilohs | hi sfork~ bf ihs rfodkikmhs bf ih ldk~ghold) h r~hqs bfi bfsh~~kiik bf

~k|forks xvf okdr~lnv|hd h ~fk~zh~ ih okdahdzh fd iks sf~qlolks bf ih _kolfbhb bf ih Ldk~gh'

old fd dvfsr~k hs) ~kgkqlfdbk hbfgs vdh idfh bf h~rlolhold ldrf~dholkdhi$ Sh~h fiik)

LDRFOK bfsh~~kiih~ horvholkdfs fd ihs slmvlfdrfs idfhs: _fmv~lbhb) Hoofslnlilbhb) Ohilbhb RLO

| Ak~ghold$

Fi Knsf~qhrk~lk bf ih _fmv~lbhb bf ih Ldk~ghold ( rr:++knsf~qhrk~lk$ldrfok$fs, sf ldsf~rhbfdr~k bf ih idfh fsr~hrmloh bf horvhold bf LDRFOK fd ghrf~lh bf _fmv~lbhb Rfodkimloh)

slfdbk vd ~ff~fdrf dholkdhi f ldrf~dholkdhi hi sf~qlolk bf iks olvbhbhdks) fg~fshs) | hbgl'

dlsr~holkdfs fshkihs h~h bfso~lnl~) hdhilzh~) hsfsk~h~ | blvdbl~ ih ovirv~h bf ih sfmv~lbhb | ih

okdahdzh bf ih _kolfbhb bf ih Ldk~ghold$

Bfiklrrf (`rr:++}}}$bfiklrrf$fs, ~fsrh sf~qlolks bf hvblrk~h) hsfsk~hglfdrk asohi | ifmhi)okdsvirk~h | hsfsk~hglfdrk fd r~hdshoolkdfs ok~k~hrlqhs h fdrlbhbfs xvf kf~hd fd vd fif'

qhbk dgf~k bf sfork~fs bf horlqlbhb$ Ih a~gh hk~rh sv fpf~lfdolh | hirk dlqfi ~kfslkdhi

h|vbhdbk h svs oilfdrfs h hiohdzh~ svs knjfrlqks fg~fsh~lhifs fd ovhixvlf~ ivmh~ bfi gvdbk$

Sh~h fiik ovfdrh okd fi hk|k bf vdh ~fb miknhi bf a~ghs glfgn~k ~fsfdrfs fd gs bf 823

hsfs | okd gs bf 8=3$333 ~kfslkdhifs xvf `hd hsvglbk fi okg~kglsk bf sf~ gkbfik bf

fpofifdolh$

Bfiklrrf ovfdrh okd vd m~vk fdoh~mhbk bf ~fhilzh~ sf~qlolks ok~~fskdblfdrfs h ih mfsrld bfi

~lfsmk ldk~grlok xvf sf bfdkgldh Fdrf~s~lf le _f~qlof (F^_,$ Fsrf m~vk fsr k~ghbk k~gs bf >33 ~kfslkdhifs) 0 skolks fd Fshh | qh~lks glifs bf fsfolhilsrhs h dlqfi gvdblhi)

bfblohbks fpoivslqhgfdrf h sf~qlolks bf hvblrk~h ldk~grloh) sfmv~lbhb ldk~grloh) lbfdrla'

ohold | mfsrld bf iks ~lfsmks bf ihs kf~holkdfs hskolhbks h iks slsrfghs bf ldk~ghold) hs

okgk h sf~qlolks fdkohbks h ghdrfdf~ fi dlqfi bf okdr~ki ldrf~dk ~fxvf~lbk fd ih vrlilzhold bf

ih rfodkikmh$
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4/52

dblof8$ Xv fs ih nlkgfr~h; 6

>$ Oh~horf~srlohs | rlkikmh bf ihs rfodkikmhs nlkgr~lohs 0

?$ Vsks | hiloholkdfs 8=

2$ Nfdfaolks bfi vsk bf rfodkikmhs nlkgr~lohs >?

6$ Mfsrld bf ~lfsmks fd nlkgfr~h ?>

1$ Nvfdhs ~orlohs 23

=$ ^fokgfdbholkdfs 22

0$ Miksh~lk bf r~gldks ~fiholkdhbks okd ih nlkgfr~h 20

2


5/52

6Xv fs ih nlkgfr~h;

8$ Xv fs ih nlkgfr~h;Ih nlkgfr~h fs vd grkbk bf ~fokdkolglfdrk bf f~skdhs nhshbk

fd svs oh~horf~srlohs aslkimlohs k bf okgk~rhglfdrk$ _f r~hrh

bf vd ~kofsk slglih~ hi xvf `hnlrvhigfdrf ~fhilzh fi sf~ `vghdk

~fokdkolfdbk f lbfdrlaohdbk h svs okdmdf~fs k~ sv hsfork sl'

ok) sv qkz) sv k~gh bf hdbh~) fro$

Fd ih horvhilbhb) ih rfodkikmh `h f~glrlbk hvrkghrlzh~ | f~foolkdh~ fsrks

~kofsks bf ~fokdkolglfdrk nlkgr~lok) bf k~gh xvf rlfdfd gvirlrvb bfhiloholkdfs | adhilbhbfs | fsfolhigfdrf hxvfiihs ~fiholkdhbhs okd ih sf'

mv~lbhb himvdhs bf ihs ovhifs sf fpkdb~d h ik ih~mk bf ih ~fsfdrf Mvh$

Iks ~lgf~ks hdrfofbfdrfs bf iks

xvf sf rlfdf ~ff~fdolh skn~f ih nlk'

gfr~h bhrhd bf `hof gs bf gli

hks fd O`ldh) bkdbf iks hih~f~ks

okgfdzh~kd h ldoivl~ svs `vfiihsbhorlih~fs fd iks ~kbvorks xvf ~fh'

ilzhnhd okgk sgnkik bf blsrldold

k a~gh) ik xvf ifs f~glrh blf~fd'

olh~sf bfi ~fsrk$

_ld fgnh~mk) dk vf hsrh adhifs bfi

slmik PLP ovhdbk Hi`kdsf Nf~rliikd

' hdr~kikmk ~hdos xvf r~hnhjh~h ih kiloh ' okgfdz h bh~ h ih

nlkgfr~h fi oh~orf~ bf olfdolh) ~k'

fslkdhilzhdbk sv ~orloh$ Nhshnh

sv rfk~h fd xvf vdh olf~rh okgnldh'

old bf gfblbhs bfi ovf~k `vghdk

f~h ldqh~lhnif fd fi rlfgk) ik xvf

f~glrl bh~ skivold hi ~knifgh bf

lbfdrlaoh~ h iks o~lgldhifs okdqlorksh ik ih~mk bf rkbh sv qlbh$


6/52

Mvh skn~f ihs rfodkikmhs nlkgr~lohs hilohbhs h ih sfmv~lbhb

1 Xv fs ih nlkgfr~h;

Fi slsrfgh bf Nf~rliikd k Hdr~kskgfr~h) xvf ldoivh) fdr~f kr~hs) gfblbhsokgk fi ih~mk | hdo`k bf ih ohnfzh k ih ikdmlrvb bfi lf lzxvlf~bk | bfi hd'

rfn~hzk) sf okgfdz h vrlilzh~ okgdgfdrf h ik ih~mk bf rkbk fi gvdbk$ _ldfgnh~mk) sv fforlqlbhb sf vsk fd bvbh hi ~fsfdrh~sf himvdks ~knifghs

fd fi vsk bf blf~fdrfs gfblbhs |) fsfolhigfdrf) k~ ihs blaovirhbfs fd ih

blf~fdolhold bf svjfrks fpr~fghbhgfdrf slglih~fs okgk iks mfgfiks$

Fsrh bfsho~fblrhold `lzk xvf _l~ Fb}h~b @fd~|) Ldsfork~ Mfdf~hi bf ih

Skiloh bf Nfdmhih) nvsohsf kr~hs rodlohs | sf ldrf~fshsf k~ ihs ldqfsrlmh'

olkdfs bf _l~ A~hdols Mhirkd) fi ovhi vrlilzhnh ih `vfiih bhorlih~ okgk grkbk

bf lbfdrlaohold$ S~lgf~k fd Nfdmhih | ksrf~lk~gfdrf fd Ikdb~fs (8


7/52

=Xv f ih nlkgfr~h;

Frh Mvh rlfdf okgk knjfrlqk) bf vd ihbk) ih bfo~lsold bf ih blf~fdrf

rodloh nlkgr~loh fplrfdrf) v oh~horf~rloh) v hsiloholkdf) v

nfdfaolk | ~lfmk h okgk ih lbfdrlaohold bf hxvfiik bf~fo`k | knil'mholkdf bf ik blf~fdrf hork~f bfi gvdbk bf ih nlkgfr~h$ Bf kr~k ihbk)

rlfdf okgk adhilbhb dk ik bh~ h okdkof~ frk grkbk bf lbfdrlaohold

sh~h mfdf~h~ okdahdzh fdr~f v vvh~lk skrfdolhif) ldk hbfg fhih~

xv gfblbh | nvfdh s~orloh `hd bf iifqh~f h ohnk sh~h xvf v vk

fh fmv~k | ~fsfrvkk okd ih s~lqholbhb bf ik olvbhbhdk$


8/52

0 Oh~horf~srlohs | rlkikmh bf ihs rfodkikmhs nlkgr~lohs

>$ Oh~horf~srlohs | rlkikmhbf ihs rfodkikmhs nlkgr~lohsIhs rfodkikmhs nlkgr~lohs sf bfadfd okgk grkbks hvrkgrloks vrlilzh'

bks h~h ~fokdkof~ h f~skdhs skn~f ih nhsf bfi hdilsls bf svs oh~horf~srl'

ohs slohs k bf okgk~rhglfdrk$

Bffdblfdbk bf ih rodloh nlkgr~loh fgifhbh) iks h~gfr~ks okdslbf~h'

bks skd blf~fdrfs: iks sv~oks bf ih `vfiih bhorlih~) ih mfkgfr~h bf ih ghdk) ih

qkz) ih lghmfd holhi) fro$ Bf fsrks h~gfr~ks sf fpr~hf vd hr~d dlok h~h

ohbh f~skdh) xvf sf~ fi xvf sf vrlilof h~h ksrf~lk~fs okgh~holkdfs$

Mfdf~higfdrf h~h kbf~ sf~ vshbk iks ldblqlbvks bfnfd ~fmlsr~h~ sv lbfd'

rlbhb fd fi slsrfgh k~ gfblk bf ih ohrv~h bf vdh sf~lf bf h~gfr~ks nlk'

gr~loks$ Fsrf fs fi bfdkgldhbk ~kofsk bf ~fmlsr~k) xvf sf okgkdf bfr~fs hsfs blsrldrhs:

Ohrv~h: _f ohrv~hd iks h~gfr~ks nlkgr~loks$

S~kofshglfdrk: _f o~fh vdh ihdrliih okd ihs oh~horf~srlohs f~skdh'

ifs bf iks h~gfr~ks ohrv~hbks$

Ldso~lold: Ih ihdrliih ~kofshbh sf mvh~bh fd vd gfblk bf high'

ofdhglfdrk hbfovhbk$ Vdh qfz xvf ih ldso~lold fsr okgifrh)

fi slsrfgh vfbf hvrfdrloh~ h ihs f~skdhs gfblhdrf fi vsk bf ih

ihdrliih$

H okdrldvhold) gfblhdrf fi ~kofsk bf hvrfdrlohold sf ohrv~h vdhgvfsr~h nlkgr~loh bfi ldblqlbvk xvf sf okgh~h~ okd ihs ihdrliihs |h ~f'

mlsr~hbhs$ Fsrh hvrfdrlohold vfbf ~fhilzh~sf bf bks gkbks blf~fdrfs:

Lbfdrlaohold: okdslsrf fd ih okgh~hold bf ih gvfsr~h ~fokmlbh

bfi vsvh~lk ~fdrf h vdh nhsf bf bhrks bf ~hsmks nlkgr~loks ~fmls'

r~hbks ~fqlhgfdrf$ Dk sf ~folsh bf lbfdrlaohold ldlolhi k~ h~rf

bfi vsvh~lk) fs bfol~) fi dlok bhrk xvf sf ~fokmf fd fi gkgfdrk bf

vsk fs ih gvfsr~h nlkgr~loh) sld hk|k bf vd dkgn~f bf vsvh~lk k

ovhixvlf~ kr~k rlk bf ~fokdkolglfdrk$ Fsrf grkbk ~fxvlf~f bf vd

~kofsk bf oiovik okgifjk) vfsrk xvf sf `h bf okgh~h~ fsrh

gvfsr~h okd ohbh vdh bf ihs hdrf~lk~gfdrf highofdhbhs h~h nvs'oh~ vdh okldolbfdolh$


9/52

$8$ RFODKKM_ LKRLO_ L_LKMLO_

Ihs rfodkikmhs nlkgr~lohs aslkimlohs sf oh~horf~lzhd k~ okdslbf~h~ h~'

gfr~ks bf~lqhbks bf ih gfblold bl~forh bf himd ~hsmk fsr~lorhgfdrf slok

bfi ovf~k `vghdk h ih `k~h bf lbfdrlaoh~ f~skdhs$

@vfiih bhorlih~

Ih lbfdrlaohold nhshbh fd `vfiih bhorlih~

fs ih gs hdrlmvh bf ihs rodlohs nlkgr~l'

ohs | `h slbk vrlilzhbh fd vd m~hd dgf~k

bf hiloholkdfs bfnlbk h xvf ih gh|k~h bf

ih knihold rlfdf `vfiihs bhorlih~fs dlohsf ldhirf~hnifs$

Fs fi ~hsmk nlkgr~lok gs vrlilzhbk h~h

hvrfdrlohold | rlfdf ih gh|k~ mhgh bf rfo'

dkikmhs bf ohrv~h) okd blsrldrhs oh~horf'

~srlohs bf vdolkdhglfdrk$ Hslglsgk) rlfdf

okgk qfdrhjhs sv hirh rhsh bf ~folsld |

xvf `hnlrvhigfdrf iks vsvh~lks rlfdfd ok'dkolglfdrks svaolfdrfs skn~f sv vrlilzhold$


10/52

Mvh kn~f ih rfodkikmh nlkgr~loh hsilohbh h ih fmv~lbhb

83 Oh~horf~rloh | rlskikmh bf ih rfodkikmh nlkgr~loh

Fplrfd bk rlsk bf rodloh bf nxvfbh bf okldolbfdolh fdr~f gvfr~h

bf `vfiih bhorlih~:

Nhshbhs fd gldvolhs: Frh

rodloh nhh v gfohdlgk

bf hvrfdrlohold fd ih gldv'

olh) f bfol~) fd bfrf~gldh'

bh ak~gh aoligfdrf lbfdrl'

ohnif fplrfdrf fd ih `vfiih

bhorlih~$ H) f ~fmlr~h fi rlsk

bf gldvolh | v sklold bfd'r~k bf ih `vfiih) frhnifolfdbk

vdh f~lf bf gfblolkdf$ Bf

frh ak~gh) fi gkbfik k sihdrl'

iih ok~~fskdblfdrf h ohbh vvh~lk f vd fxvfgh fd fi xvf f ldblohd ih

gldvolh xvf f `hd bf bfrforh~) v sklold | ih blrhdolh xvf fsh~hd

vdh bf kr~h$

Dk knrhdrf) fplrfd himvdh blovirhbf hkolhbh h frf grkbk$ Sk~

vd ihbk) dk f fdoliik fpr~hf~ bf ak~gh s~folh ih gfdolkdhbh gldvolh

ovhdbk ih ohilbhb bf ih gvfr~h dk f nvfdh$ Sk~ kr~k ihbk) dk f rlfdf fd

ovfdrh fi shr~d miknhi bf o~frh | v~ok$

Nhshbhs fd ok~~fihold: Gfblhdrf ih vrlilzhold bf frh rodloh f hdhilzh

fi shr~d miknhi fmvlbk sk~ ih `vfiih bhorlih~) f bfol~) fi fxvfgh mfdf~hi

bfi okdjvdrk bf ih `vfiih fd ivmh~ bf ih gldvolh$ Frh rodloh ~fxvlf~f vd

~fmlr~k s~folk) sf~k v s~ldolshi ldokdqfdlfdrf f xvf f qf haforhbh sk~ ih

r~hihold | ih ~krhold bf ih lghmfd$

Rf~gldhold bf o~frh

Fsk~h

Nlav~ohold

Lih

Ihmk

O~frh Ldbfsfdblfdrf

O~vof


11/52

88Oh~horf~srlohs | rlkikmh bf ihs rfodkikmhs nlkgr~lohs

Fi fxvfk rhghk bf iks ~fofrk~fs) sv oli ldrfm~hold (vblfdbk sf~ ld'

oivlbks bf k~gh sfdoliih fd rfoihbks,) | sv vshnlilbhb) hs okgk iks nhjks

oksrfs hskolhbks h iks glsgks) okdqlf~rfd h ih `vfiih bhorlih~ fd vdh rfodk'ikmh gv| rli h~h sv lgihdrhold fd kaoldhs | `kmh~fs$

fokdkolglfdrk holhi

Fi ~fokdkolglfdrk holhi fs vdh rodloh gfblhdrf ih ovhi sf ~fokdkof h vdh

f~skdh h h~rl~ bf vdh lghmfd k krkm~hh$ Sh~h fiik) sf vrlilzhd ~km~hghs

bf oiovik xvf hdhilzhd lgmfdfs bf ~ksr~ks `vghdks$

Fdr~f iks hsforks oihqf fgifhbks h~h ih okgh~hold sf fdovfdr~hd gf'

blolkdfs okgk ih blsrhdolh fdr~f iks kjks) ih ikdmlrvb bf ih dh~lz k fi dmvik

bf ih ghdbnvih$

H blf~fdolh bf kr~ks slsrfghs nlkgr~loks) fi ~fokdkolglfdrk holhi vfbf sf~

vrlilzhbk h~h ih qlmlihdolh mfdf~hi) `hnlrvhigfdrf gfblhdrf ogh~hs bf qlbfk$

Vdk bf iks ~ldolhifs ldokdqfdlfdrfs xvf ~fsfdrh fsrh rodloh fs ih fsoh'

sh ~fslsrfdolh hi ~hvbf) vfs vdh f~skdh vfbf gkblaoh~ qlsvhigfdrf sv

oh~h bf ghdf~h sfdoliih) okgk k~ fjfgik vrlilzhdbk vdhs mhhs bf ski k

bfjdbksf o~fof~ ih nh~nh$ Hslglsgk) bfnf okdslbf~h~sf xvf fi ~ksr~k bf ihs

f~skdhs qh~h okd ih fbhb$

fokdkolglfdrk bf l~ls

Vrlilzh ihs oh~horf~srlohs bfi l~ls `vghdk

okd fi ad bf qf~laoh~ ih lbfdrlbhb bf vd

ldblqlbvk$

Iks hr~kdfs bf l~ls qlfdfd gh~ohbks bfs'

bf fi dholglfdrk | ~h~h qfz ohgnlhd$ _kd

fpr~fghbhgfdrf okgifjks) okdrlfdfd

vdh m~hd ohdrlbhb bf ldk~ghold | rlfdfdgs bf >33 ~klfbhbfs dlohs$


12/52


8> Oh~horf~rloh | rlskikmh bf ih rfodkikmh nlkgr~loh

Fi fohdfhbk bfi l~l f iifqh h ohnk okd vdh ogh~h bf ld~h~~kjk

fsfolhilzhbh lrvhbh sk~ ik mfdf~hi gv| of~oh bf ih sf~kdh xvf livgldh

fi kjk ~fhilzhdbk vdh krkm~hh bf hirh ~fkivold$ Frf s~kofk bv~h ikvdk k bk fmvdbk | s~ksk~olkdh ik bfrhiif bfi l~l xvf f ikohilzhd)

~fmlr~hd | highofdhd sh~h ~fhilzh~ vrv~h qf~laoholkdf$

F lgsk~rhdrf fhih~ xvf dk fplrf dldmd ~lfmk sh~h ih hivb) |h xvf hi

knrfdf~f ih gvfr~h gfblhdrf vdh ogh~h bf ld~h~~kjk) dk `h| sfilm~k bf

xvf fi kjk ~fvirf bhhbk fd fi s~kofk$

Fi `fo`k bf xvf ik kjk bf~fo`k f lzxvlf~bk bf ohbh sf~kdh fhd blf~fd'

rf | xvf ik shr~kdf fhd blolif bf ohsrv~h~) rlfdfd okgk okdfovfdolh

xvf fi ~fokdkolglfdrk bf l~l fh vdh bf ih rfodkikmh nlkgr~loh g

~flrfdrf hi ~hvbf$

^fokdkolglfdrk bf ih mfkgfr~h bf ih ghdk

Frh rfodkikmh vrlilzh ih k~gh

bf ih ghdk sh~h okda~gh~ ih

lbfdrlbhb bfi ldblqlbvk$ Sh~h ih

ohsrv~h bf ih gvfr~h f fg'

sifhd vdh f~lf bf ogh~h xvf

rkghd lgmfdf fd ?'B bf ih

ghdk bfbf blf~fdrf dmvik$

Ih oh~horf~rloh fpr~hbh ld'

oiv|fd ih ov~qh bf ik bfbk)v m~kk~ | ikdmlrvb) ih hirv~h

| ih hdo`v~h bfi bk~k bf ih

ghdk) ih blrhdolh fdr~f ih h~rloviholkdf | ih fr~vorv~h fh fd mfdf~hi$

Dk f rlfdfd fd ovfdrh bfrhiif vsf~aolhif) rhif okgk `vfiih bhorlih~f)

idfh) olohr~lof k volfbhb) h okgk ih vh) xvf svfbfd qh~lh~ bf rhgh'

k fd vd n~fqf sf~kbk bf rlfgsk$

_l nlfd f olf~rk xvf ih fr~vorv~h bf ik `vfk | ih h~rloviholkdf bf ihghdk kd ~hmk ~fihrlqhgfdrf okdrhdrf) dk knrhdrf kr~h ol~ovdrhdolh)


13/52

8?Oh~horf~srlohs | rlkikmh bf ihs rfodkikmhs nlkgr~lohs

okgk vdh ldhghold k vdh ifsld) vfbfd qh~lh~ ih fsr~vorv~h nsloh bf ih

ghdk blaovirhdbk ih hvrfdrlohold$

fokdkolglfdrk bf ~frldh

Fi fsodf~ nlkgr~lok bf ih ~frldh sf nhsh

fd ih vrlilzhold bfi hr~d bf iks qhsks

shdmvdfks okdrfdlbks fd ih glsgh$ Fi

`fo`k bf xvf ohbh hr~d sfh dlok (ld'

oivsk fd mfgfiks lbdrloks hi sf~ ldbf'fdblfdrf bf hork~fs mfdrloks, | xvf sf

ghdrfdmh ldqh~lhnif h ik ih~mk bfi rlfgk)

ih okdqlf~rfd fd vdh rodloh lbdfh h~h

fdrk~dks bf hirh sfmv~lbhb$

Sfsf h xvf sv rhsh bf hisks kslrlqks sfh ~orlohgfdrf dvih) fsrh rfodk'

ikmh rlfdf vd ldokdqfdlfdrf okdslbf~hnif |h xvf fs dfofsh~lh ih rkrhi okih'

nk~hold k~ h~rf bfi vsvh~lk hi r~hrh~sf bf vd ~kofsk xvf vfbf ~fsvirh~

ldogkbk$ Ih rkgh bf ih gvfsr~h sf ~fhilzh h h~rl~ bf ih vlih) ik xvf ~f'

xvlf~f xvf fi vsvh~lk f~ghdfzoh ldgqli | gv| of~oh bfi sfdsk~ bv~hdrf ih

ohrv~h bf ih lghmfd$ Dk knsrhdrf) fi vsk bf vdh ogh~h bf ld~h~~kjks h~h

ih ohrv~h fqlrh fi ~lfsmk bf xvf fi kjk vfbh ~fsvirh~ bhhbk fd fi ~kofsk$

Kr~hs k~ghs bf nlkgfr~h aslkimloh

Fplsrfd hbfgs kr~hs rodlohs xvf hdhilzhd:

Idfhs bf ih high bf ih ghdk

Fsr~vorv~h bf ihs qfdhs bf iks bfbks k ihs gvfohs

Ak~gh bf ihs k~fjhs

Slfi) rfprv~h bf ih svf~aolf b~gloh

HBD) hr~kdfs f~skdhifs fd fi mfdkgh `vghdk


14/52



Fsrhs rodlohs skd rkbhqh fpr~fghbhgfdrf dkqfbkshs | sv vsk sf ~fbvof

~orlohgfdrf fd fpoivslqlbhb hi gnlrk k~fdsf k bf ldqfsrlmhold$ Fsrh hi'

rh bf ghbv~fz `hof xvf sv lgihdrhold ~fsfdrf gh|k~fs ~knifghs xvffd fi ~fsrk bf iks ohsks) |h sfh k~ gfdk~ faoholh k k~ dfofslrh~ gh|k~fs

fsvf~zks fd fi ~kofshglfdrk bf ih ldk~ghold$

H fsh~ bf fsrhs ilglrholkdfs) sf vfbf bfsrhoh~) okgk fjfgik bf ohsk bf

plrk fd ih lgihdrhold bf fsrhs rodlohs gs dkqfbkshs) ih hbkold bfi

hdilsls bf ih fsr~vorv~h bf ihs qfdhs bf ihs ghdks k~ h~rf bf himvdhs fd'

rlbhbfs nhdoh~lhs fd Jhd | ^fniloh O`foh h~h ih lbfdrlaohold bf svs

oilfdrfs okd fsodf~fs ldrfm~hbks fd ohjf~ks hvrkgrloks$

>$>$ RFODKKM_ LKRLO_ BF OKKRLFDRK

Ihs rfodkikmhs nlkgr~lohs bf okgk~rhglfdrk sf oh~horf~lzhd k~ okdsl'

bf~h~ fd fi ~kofsk bf lbfdrlaohold ~hsmks bf~lqhbks bf vdh hoold ~fhil'

zhbh k~ vdh f~skdh$ Sk~ rhdrk) ldoiv|fd ih qh~lhnif rlfgk) |h xvf rkbh

hoold rlfdf vd okglfdzk) vd bfsh~~kiik | vd adhi$

fokdkolglfdrk bf a~gh

Fsrh rodloh hdhilzh ih a~gh ghdvso~lrh h~h okda~gh~ ih lbfdrlbhb bfi vsvh'

~lk a~ghdrf$

Fplsrfd bks qh~lhdrfs h ih `k~h bf lbfdrlaoh~ h ihs f~skdhs sfmd sv a~gh:

Okgh~hold slgif: sf okdslbf~h fi m~h'bk bf h~folbk fdr~f bks a~ghs) ih k~lmldhi |

ih xvf fsr slfdbk qf~laohbh$

Qf~laohold bldgloh: sf `hof vd hdil'sls bf ih k~gh) ih qfikolbhb) ih ~fsld bf

ih ivgh+nkim~hk | ih bv~hold bfi ~kof'

sk bf a~gh$ Dk sf okdslbf~h slmdlaohrlqhih k~gh k fi hsfork bf ih a~gh) sldk iks


15/52

86Oh~horf~srlohs | rlkikmh bf ihs rfodkikmhs nlkgr~lohs

ohgnlks fd ih qfikolbhb | ih ~fsld xvf kov~~fd bv~hdrf fi ~kofsk) |h xvf

sik fi a~ghdrf k~lmldhi vfbf ~f~kbvol~ fsrhs oh~horf~srlohs$

fokdkolglfdrk bf qkz

Ihs hiloholkdfs bf ~fokdkolglfdrk bf

qkz vshd ~fbfs dfv~kdhifs h~h h~fdbf~

h lbfdrlaoh~ qkofs$ Iks himk~lrgks bfnfd

gfbl~ | fsrlgh~ ih slglilrvb h~h bfqki'

qf~ vd ~fsvirhbk k vdh ilsrh bf kslnifsohdblbhrks$ Ih lbfdrlaohold sf okgil'

oh bfnlbk h hork~fs okgk fi ~vlbk bf

kdbk) k~ ik xvf slfg~f fs dfofsh~lk

okdslbf~h~ vd gh~mfd bf f~~k~$

H fsh~ bf xvf slmvfd fplsrlfdbk blaovirhbfs h~h ~fokdkof~ ih k~gh dhrv~hi

bf `hnih~ bf olf~rks ldblqlbvks) fsrh rfodkikmh ovfdrh okd ih qfdrhjh bf xvf

fi blskslrlqk bf hbxvlslold fs slgifgfdrf vd glo~kdk (ldrfm~hbks bfsbf

`hof hks fd rfikdks | k~bfdhbk~fs f~skdhifs, k~ ik xvf dk ~fxvlf~f bf

ldqf~slkdfs hblolkdhifs$

Ih vrlilzhold bf fsrf grkbk fsr gs fprfdblbh fd slsrfghs bf ~fsvfs'

rh k~ qkz | fd ofdr~ks bf hrfdold bf iihghbhs rfifdlohs (ohii ofdrf~,xvf fd fi okdr~ki bf hoofsk slok h fblaolks k h ~fbfs | fxvlks ldk~g'

rloks$

fokdkolglfdrk bf fso~lrv~h bf rfoihbk

Fsrh rodloh sf nhsh fd fi `fo`k bf ih

fplsrfdolh bf vd hr~d bf fso~lrv~h fd

rfoihbk xvf fs f~ghdfdrf | ~klk bf

ohbh ldblqlbvk$ Bf fsrf gkbk) sf glbf

ih vf~zh bf rfoifk) ih bv~hold bf ih vi'

shold | fi f~lkbk bf rlfgk xvf hshfdr~f xvf sf ~fslkdh vdh rfoih | kr~h$


16/52



Ih ~ldolhi qfdrhjh bf fsrh rodloh fs xvf ih ldqf~sld dfofsh~lh fd sfdsk~fs

fs ~orlohgfdrf dvih) |h xvf iks rfoihbks bf k~bfdhbk~ fsrd ~fsfdrfs

fd girlifs hsforks bf dvfsr~h qlbh okrlblhdh |) hbfgs) fsrd hirhgfdrfhofrhbks k~ ih knihold) xvf `hof vsk bf fiiks h blh~lk$ Bf fsrf gkbk iks

oksrks bf lgihdrhold sf ofdr~h~hd fd fi skr}h~f$

fokdkolglfdrk bf ih k~gh bf hdbh~

Fsrf grkbk rkgh okgk ~ff~fdolh ih k~gh bf

ohgldh~ bf vdh f~skdh$ Fsrf hork sf m~hnh | sfskgfrf h vd ~kofsk hdhirlok xvf mfdf~h vdh

ihdrliih nlkgr~loh dloh bf~lqhbh bf blo`k okg'

k~rhglfdrk$

Fsrh rfodkikmh fsr rkbhqh fd bfsh~~kiik | dk `h

hiohdzhbk hd iks dlqfifs bf ~fdblglfdrk dfofsh'

~lks h~h sf~ lgihdrhbh bf ghdf~h slglih~ hi ~fsrk

bf rfodkikmhs nlkgr~lohs$


17/52

8=Vsks | hiloholkdfs

?$ Vsks | hiloholkdfsVshbh okgk k~gh dloh bf hvrfdrlohold k okgnldhbh okd kr~hs

gfblbhs (okgk rh~jfrhs ldrfilmfdrfs) oihqfs bf fdo~lrhold k a~'

ghs blmlrhifs,) ih nlkgfr~h fsr bfsrldhbh h fprfdbf~sf fd gvo`ks

hsforks bf dvfsr~h qlbh blh~lh$

Ihs ~ldolhifs oh~horf~srlohs bf ih nlkgfr~h) xvf ih blsrldmvfd bf kr~ks slsrf'

ghs bf hvrfdrlohold vbldbksf bfadl~ okgk svs vdrks vf~rfs skd: l, vf'

bf hskolh~sf h vd ldblqlbvk fd okdo~frk (k~ fi okdr~h~lk vdh okdr~hsfh kb~h

sf~ vshbh k~ kr~h f~skdh xvf dk sfh fi vsvh~lk hvrk~lzhbk,5 ll, sv okgkblbhb)|h xvf dk fs dfofsh~lk rfdf~ k ~fok~bh~ himk5 lll, fs hirhgfdrf ~fslsrfdrf hi ~hvbf$

Ihs rfodkikmhs nlkgr~lohs xvf sf `hd bfso~lrk fd fi ohrvik hdrf~lk~ skd

vrlilzhbhs fd blqf~sks fdrk~dks | okd blf~fdrfs adhilbhbfs$

Fi okdrfprk fd fi xvf sf qh|h h hiloh~ (okihnk~hrlqk) h blsrhdolh) ~fsfdolhi)

fro$, | ih adhilbhb f~sfmvlbh (okdr~ki bf hoofsks) okdr~ki bf ~fsfdolh) okd'

r~ki bf lbfdrlbhb+f~skdhilbhb) ivo`h okdr~h fi ~hvbf) fro$, sf~d iks fifgfdrks

xvf bfrf~gldfd xv rfodkikmh okdo~frh fs ih gs h~klhbh fd ohbh ohsk$

?$8$ LOOLKDF_ ORVF_ BF _ RFODKKM_ LKRLO_

Fd ih horvhilbhb ihs rfodkikmhs nlkgr~lohs sf vfbfd vrlilzh~ fd vd hgilk

hnhdlok bf hiloholkdfs$ Hblolkdhigfdrf) fplsrfd idfhs bf ldqfsrlmhold bf

oh~h h vrv~ks vsks xvf h~fofd fsfolhigfdrf ~kgfrfbk~hs$

Okdr~ki bf hoofsks sloks | imloks

Vdh bf ihs hiloholkdfs fd ihs xvf gs fprfdblbk fsr fi vsk bf ih

nlkgfr~h fs fi okdr~ki bf hoofsks) |h sfh srf slok (k~ fjfgik

hoofsk h fblaolks k fsholks ~fsr~ldmlbks, k imlok (hoofsk h slsrf'

ghs) ~km~hghs k fxvlks ldk~grloks,$


18/52


80 Vsks | hiloholkdfs

Horvhigfdrf) ih `vfiih bhorlih~ fs ih skiv'

old gh|k~lrh~lh h~h fsrf vsk fd Fshh

bfnlbk h sv hirk m~hbk bf ghbv~fz) xvff~glrf fi fsrhnifolglfdrk bf ~folks

okgfrlrlqks) | h ih vshnlilbhb xvf k~fof$

Dk knsrhdrf) | hvdxvf sv ~fsfdolh sfh

gfdk~) fi ~fokdkolglfdrk bf l~ls | fi ~f'

okdkolglfdrk holhi sf ~fsfdrhd okgk

hirf~dhrlqhs h ih `vfiih bhorlih~ fd fsrf

rlk bf hiloholkdfs$

Fd kohslkdfs) h~h fi okdr~ki bf hoofsk h zkdhs bf hirh sfmv~lbhb) sf `hof

vsk bf vdh okgnldhold bf rodlohs$ Vd fjfgik fs fi vsk bf vdh okdr~hsfh

k rh~jfrh bf lbfdrlaohold hblolkdhi h ih `vfiih bhorlih~) k ih okgnldhold bf bks

rfodkikmhs nlkgr~lohs) bfdkgldhbh nlkgfr~h nlgkbhi$ Hs) sf vfbfd okg'

nldh~ bks hork~fs bf lbfdrlaohold: k~ vd ihbk xvld k ogk sf fs (nlkgfr~h,

| k~ kr~k ik xvf sf shnf k sf rlfdf (okdr~hsfhs | rh~jfrhs) k~ fjfgik,$

Bfi glsgk gkbk xvf sf `hd ldsrhihbk sfdsk~fs fd ih fdr~hbh bf fblaolks |

shihs bf hoofsk ~fsr~ldmlbk) ohbh qfz gs sf ldrfm~hd sfdsk~fs nlkgr~loks

fd iks k~bfdhbk~fs ok~k~hrlqks bf oh~h h mfsrlkdh~ ih hvrfdrlohold fd

slsrfghs | hiloholkdfs gfblhdrf rfodkikmhs nlkgr~lohs$

Okdr~ki bf ~fsfdolh

Iks grkbks vrlilzhbks r~hblolk'dhigfdrf h~h ~fmlsr~h~ h blh~lk iks

`k~h~lks fd iks xvf iks fgifhbks

hoofbfd | hnhdbkdhd svs ~fsforl'

qks vfsrks bf r~hnhjk svfifd fsrh~

nhshbks fd fi vsk bf vd SLD k vdh

rh~jfrh f~skdhi$

Vdk bf iks ~ldolhifs ldokdqfdlfd'rfs xvf ~fsfdrhd fsrks grkbks fs


19/52

8


20/52


>3 Vsks | hiloholkdfs

slsrfghs nlkgr~loks h~h ~fqfdl~ fsrf bfilrk) okd fi knjfrlqk bf fqlrh~ fi

mhsrk bf kdbks niloks bf k~gh l~~fmvih~$ Vd fjfgik okdo~frk bf fiik fs

sv vsk fd ih mfsrld bf iks sf~qlolks shdlrh~lks mvnf~dhgfdrhifs k~folbksh bkglolilk fd Fsrhbks Vdlbks$ Fd fsrf ohsk) sf qf~laoh nlkgr~lohgfdrf

xvf fi f~skdhi shdlrh~lk sf `h ~fsfdrhbk fd ihs qlqlfdbhs hbfovhbhs | `hd

k~folbk iks sf~qlolks horv~hbks$

Ldqfsrlmhold bf bfilrks

Fd kohslkdfs) ihs `vfiihs ~fokmlbhs bf ih fsofdh bf vd bfilrk) skd ksrf~lk~'gfdrf okrfjhbhs h r~hqs bfi ~km~hgh HAL_ (Hvrkghrfb Aldmf~s~ldr Lbfdrla'ohrlkd _|rfg, k himd kr~k ~km~hgh bf~lqhbk bfi glsgk$

Okdo~frhgfdrf fd Fshh)

sf vrlilzh fi slsrfgh _HLB

(_lsrfgh Hvrkgrlok bf

Lbfdrlaohold Bhorlih~,) fd fi

xvf sf ghdrlfdf vd ~fmlsr~k

bf ihs `vfiihs bf ldblqlbvks

okd hdrfofbfdrfs$ Dk kns'

rhdrf) fsrh nhsf bf bhrks

fs rkrhigfdrf ldbffdblfd'

rf bf ih xvf highofdh ihs

`vfiihs bhorlih~fs ~fmlsr~hbhs fd fi ~kofsk bf knrfdold bfi Bkovgfdrk

Dholkdhi bf Lbfdrlbhb) k~ ik xvf ihs Avf~zhs bf _fmv~lbhb skihgfdrf

vfbfd vrlilzh~ fd fsrks ohsks ihs `vfiihs rkghbhs fd fsofdh~lks bf himd

o~lgfd k bf f~skdhs okd hdrfofbfdrfs$

Ihs `vfiihs bhorlih~fs fifor~dlohs sf ~fglrfd) jvdrk okd iks bhrks bfgkm~'

aoks h~h lbfdrlaoh~ k qf~laoh~ ih lbfdrlbhb bf ih f~skdh$ Ihs nsxvfbhs

vfbfd rh~bh~ gldvrks) `k~hs k bhs) bffdblfdbk bf ih ohilbhb bf ih ldk~'

ghold ~fsfdrhbh | fi rhghk bf ih nhsf bf bhrks fd xvf sf nvsoh$

Fsrf slsrfgh ~kofsh vdh k qh~lhs `vfiihs bhorlih~fs bfsokdkolbhs) nvsohd'

bk okldolbfdolhs hvrkgrlohgfdrf fd vdh nhsf bf bhrks bkdbf ~fqlhgfdrfsf `hd highofdhbk rkbhs ihs `vfiihs sksfo`kshs$


21/52

>8Vsks | hiloholkdfs

Kr~hs iloholkdfs

Fplsrfd hiloholkdfs h~h rfodkikmhs nlkgr~lohs gv| qh~lhbhs | ok~~fs'kdblfdrfs h ohrfmk~hs blf~fdrfs bf ihs |h gfdolkdhbhs$

h, Ohii'ofdrf~s

Ihs rfodkikmhs nlkgr~lohs sf f~aihd okgk ihs gs lbdfhs fd fi

gnlrk bf ihs krfdolhifs rfodkikmhs h hiloh~ fd iks ofdr~ks bf hrfd'

old bf iihghbhs$ Vd fjfgik fs sv vsk fd ih nhdoh rfifdloh) xvf fd

iks irlgks hks fsr o~folfdbk fd fi gf~ohbk$ Okdslbf~hdbk xvf h~h

~fhilzh~ ovhixvlf~ kf~hold ~fqlhgfdrf sf bfnf qf~laoh~ ih lbfdrlbhb

bf ohbh oilfdrf fd ohbh iihghbh) fi vsk bfi ~fokdkolglfdrk k~ qkz) ~f'

svirh fd vd hvgfdrk bf ih sfmv~lbhb | ih ~fdrhnlilbhb hi glsgk rlfgk)

|h xvf hrfsrlmvh xvf fi ldrf~ikovrk~ ~fhigfdrf fs fi oilfdrf xvf blof sf~

| filgldh ih dfofslbhb bf okdrh~ okd f~skdhi xvf hrlfdbh ih iihghbh$

n, fblk bf hmk

Fi vsk bf ih nlkgfr~h fd rf~gldhifs bf vdrk bf qfdrh (RSQ, `h ~f'bvolbk fi rlfgk fgifhbk fd r~hdshoolkdfs | `h ~fbvolbk ihs ksl'

nlilbhbfs bf f~~k~fs k okdvslkdfs$ Okgk fjfgik) `h| okifmlks xvf

|h vrlilzhd ih `vfiih bhorlih~ h~h fi hmk bfi gfd fd fi okgfbk~)

filgldhdbk ~knifghs ~fiholkdhbks okd ih ~blbh bf rh~jfrhs) kiql'

bk bf dgf~ks bf lbfdrlaohold) r~hdshoolkdfs ghdvhifs | oh~mks h

ovfdrhs f~~dfhs$

o, Okdr~ki h~fdrhi

@k| fd bh sf vfbfd vsh~ okdr~kifs h~fdrhifs gfblhdrf `vfiih bho'

rlih~ hilohbks hi hoofsk h ~fbfs skolhifs | h bfrf~gldhbks slrlks }fn)

ldoiv|fdbk ihs ~fsr~loolkdfs xvf iks hb~fs `h|hd bfrf~gldhbk) k~

fjfgik) fi air~hbk bf okdrfdlbks) ih nsxvfbh bf mldhs k fi vsk

olf~rks sf~qlolks k h h~rl~ bf olf~rhs `k~hs$

b, Qlmlihdolh

Ihs rodlohs nlkgr~lohs skd vrlilzhbhs okgk gfblbh bf qlmlihdolhh~h lbfdrlaoh~ o~lgldhifs | sksfo`ksks fdr~f gvirlrvbfs$ Fsrf ohsk


22/52


>> Vsks | hiloholkdfs

bf vsk ~fxvlf~f bf ~hsmks nlkgr~loks xvf vfbhd sf~ hbxvl~lbks h

vdh blsrhdolh gfblh$ Ih rfodkikmh gs vrlilzhbh fs fi ~fokdkolglfdrk

holhi) f~k sf fsrd fgfzhdbk h bfsh~~kiih~ slsrfghs xvf vrlilzhd ihk~gh bf hdbh~ okgk ~hsmk nlkgr~lok$

f, R~hdshoolkdfs gfblhdrf blskslrlqks gqlifs

Fd ih horvhilbhb ihs rodlohs nlkgr~lohs sf fsrd okgfdzhdbk h fg'

ifh~ fd blskslrlqks gqlifs okd fi knjfrlqk bf ~krfmf~ bfrf~gldh'

bhs hiloholkdfs) ~fhilzh~ hmks k h~h ih mfsrld bf okdr~hsfhs$ Fd

fsrf sfdrlbk ohnf bfsrhoh~ ih rfodkikmh DAO (Dfh~ Alfib Okggvdloh'

rlkd, ldrfm~hbh fd iksgh~rs`kdf bf irlgh mfdf~hold | vrlilzhbh fdokgnldhold okd nlkgfr~h h~h ih ~fhilzhold bf hmks$ _f ~fq xvf

fsrh sf~ vdh bf ihs ~ldolhifs idfhs bf ldqfsrlmhold vrv~h bfnlbk

h sv m~hd krfdolhi$


23/52

>?Nfdfaolks bfi vsk bf rfodkikmhs nlkgr~lohs

2$ fdfaolks bfi vskbf rfodkikmhs nlkgr~lohsIh lgihdrhold bf rfodkikmhs nlkgr~lohs okdiifqh vd okdjvdrk bf qfdrhjhs

rhdrk h~h fdrlbhbfs nilohs | ~lqhbhs okgk h~h iks vsvh~lks adhifs$

2$8$ _ FDRLBBF_ V_VL_

Ihs k~mhdlzholkdfs bfnfd svkdf~ fi ~ldolhi gkrk~ xvf ~kgvfqh f ld'

qlf~rh fd fi bfsh~~kiik bf ihs rfodkikmhs nlkgr~lohs$ Sh~h xvf fsrk kov~~h)

iks nfdfaolks krfdolhifs h knrfdf~ okd sv lgihdrhold `hd bf sf~ oih~ks |

~fifqhdrfs$ H okdrldvhold sf bfso~lnfd iks gs bfsrhohbks$

vgfdrk bf ih sfmv~lbhb

Gfblhdrf fi ~knk bf o~fbfdolhifs hjfdhs) vd ldblql'

bvk vfbf hoofbf~ h zkdhs ~fsr~ldmlbhs k ~fhilzh~

kf~holkdfs dk f~glrlbhs) ldovihdbk h rf~of~ks$

Hslglsgk) fs kslnif xvf fsrhs o~fbfdolhifs sf

okgh~rhd qkivdrh~lhgfdrf fdr~f fgifhbks$

Rhdrk fi ~knk okgk ih vrlilzhold k~ h~rf bf

qh~lks vsvh~lks bf ihs glsghs o~fbfdolhifs) sv'

kdfd vdh m~hqf n~fo`h fd ih sfmv~lbhb fd ihs

fdrlbhbfs xvf vfbf sf~ fqlrhbh$ H r~hqs bf

ih lgifgfdrhold bf slsrfghs nlkgr~loks) sf

hvgfdrh ih sfmv~lbhb ~fbvolfdbk ih ~knhnlilbhb

bf xvf himvlfd dk hvrk~lzhbk hoofbh h zkdhs k hhiloholkdfs ~fsr~ldmlbhs$

_ld bvbh) vdh bf ihs qfdrhjhs gs lgk~rhdrfs bf ih vrlilzhold bf

rodlohs nlkgr~lohs h~h ih hvrfdrlohold bf vsvh~lks fs xvf mh'

~hdrlzhd xvf ih f~skdh fs xvlfd blof sf~) fs bfol~) xvf iks ~hsmks

nlkgr~loks sf fdovfdr~hd fpoivslqhgfdrf ilmhbks h sv ifmrlgkvsvh~lk$


24/52


>2 Nfdfaolks bfi vsk bf rfodkikmhs nlkgr~lohs

fbvoold bf oksrfs bf ghdrfdlglfdrk

_l nlfd ihs rodlohs r~hblolkdhifs okgk fi vsk bf okdr~hsfhs k rh~jfrhs bf

lbfdrlaohold ~fxvlf~fd vdh ldqf~sld gv| nhjh fd sv lgihdrhold) dk kns'

rhdrf) okdiifqhd oksrfs fifqhbks hskolhbks h sv mfsrld blh~lh$ Fsrh fs ih okd'

sfovfdolh bf vdk bf iks ~lfsmks gs fqlbfdrfs hskolhbks h fsrf rlk bf g'

rkbks bf hvrfdrlohold: ih kslnlilbhb bf xvf ihs o~fbfdolhifs sfhd f~blbhs)

~knhbhs v kiqlbhbhs$

_ld fgnh~mk) fd fi ohsk bf ihs rfodkikmhs nlkgr~lohs bkdbf ih ldqf~sld ldlolhi

vfbf iifmh~ h sf~ fifqhbh fd fi ohsk bf xvf sfh dfofsh~lk okg~h~ blskslrlqksk skr}h~f bf hbxvlslold | ~kofshglfdrk bf gvfsr~hs vdh qfz ih rfodkikmh

fsr fd vdolkdhglfdrk | svs vsvh~lks hoksrvgn~hbks h vsh~ih) fi oksrf bf ghd'

rfdlglfdrk fs gv| ~fbvolbk) |h xvf dk sf bhd iks ~lfsmks hdrf~lk~gfdrf ~ff~lbks$

Fsrf nfdfaolk fs gs dkrhnif fd ihs rfodkik'

mhs ov|k oksrf bf lgihdrhold dk fs gv| hirk)

okgk ih `vfiih bhorlih~) fi ~fokdkolglfdrk bf

qkz) fi ~fokdkolglfdrk holhi k fi ~fokdkolglfd'rk bf fso~lrv~h bf rfoihbk$

vgfdrk bf ih faolfdolh

Ih ~fhilzhold bf iks blf~fdrfs ~kofsks bf hvrfdrlohold) okdr~ki bf hoof'

sks f lbfdrlaohold gfblhdrf rodlohs dk nlkgr~lohs svkdf) fd kohslkdfs)

vdh ldqf~sld fpofslqh bf rlfgk$ H qfofs) hvdxvf fi ~kofsk bv~f kokssfmvdbks) sl fs ~fhilzhbk k~ vd m~hd dgf~k bf vsvh~lks fd vd ok~rk f~k'

bk bf rlfgk) vfbf ~fsvirh~ hirhgfdrf ldfaolfdrf$ Fsrk svofbf) k~ fjfg'

ik) fd iks hoofsks h m~hdbfs fblaolks bf kaoldhs k fd fi okdr~ki ~kdrf~lzk

bf vd hf~kvf~rk fd `k~hs bf gplgh hvfdolh$

Gfblhdrf ih fifoold bf ih rfodkikmh nlkgr~loh gs hbfovhbh h~h iks blf'

~fdrfs ohsks | ih dfofsh~lh k~ghold bf iks vsvh~lks (vdhs dkolkdfs nslohs

bf vrlilzhold, sf vfbf hvgfdrh~ okdslbf~hnifgfdrf ih faolfdolh bf iks ~k'ofsks okd fi okdslmvlfdrf nfdfaolk fokdglok ~fsvirhdrf h~h ih fdrlbhb$


25/52

>6Nfdfaolks bfi vsk bf rfodkikmhs nlkgr~lohs

fbvoold bfi ~hvbf ldrf~dk

Vdk bf iks grkbks gs `hnlrvhifs bf okgfrf~ ~hvbf ldrf~dk fd fg~fshs

| fd k~mhdlsgks niloks fs ih lgvrhold bf `k~hs bf r~hnhjk ldfplsrfd'

rfs) fd himvdks ohsks dk fsrhdbk rhd slxvlf~h fi fgifhbk slohgfdrf fd

ihs ldsrhiholkdfs bf ih fdrlbhb$ Sh~h fiik) sf vfbfd hk|h~ fd okghf~ks

xvf ao`hd fd sv ivmh~$ Okgk okdsfovfdolh bf fiik) ih fg~fsh fsrh~h~fgvdf~hdbk hi fgifhbk k~ vdhs `k~hs bf r~hnhjk xvf) fd ~fhilbhb) dk `h

~fhilzhbk$

Fsrh slrvhold hoh~~fh ~blbhs fokdglohs hs okgk kslnifs f~jvlolksh ih lghmfd ok~k~hrlqh$ Fi vsk bf rfodkikmh nlkgr~loh h~h fi okdr~ki

`k~h~lk bf iks fgifhbks vfbf h|vbh~ h ~fqfdl~ fsrf rlk bf ~hvbf)

qf~laohdbk gfblhdrf blf~fdrfs grkbks rhdrk fi rlfgk bf r~hnhjk lgv'

rhbk) okgk xvf fi r~hnhjhbk~ xvf ~fmlsr~h sv fdr~hbh fs ~fhigfdrf xvlfd

blof sf~$

fjk~h bf lghmfd ok~k~hrlqh

Ih lgihdrhold bf rfodkikmhs nlkgr~lohs okdr~lnv|f h xvf vdh fg~fsh

sfh gs faolfdrf) gs sfmv~h | ~fbvzoh fi ~hvbf ldrf~dk$ Fs k~ fiik xvf)

svghbk h rkbhs ihs qfdrhjhs bfso~lrhs hdrf~lk~gfdrf) sf ~kbvof vdh lgk~'

rhdrf gfjk~h fd ih kldld mfdf~hi skn~f ih okghh$ Hs glsgk) sf hskolh'

~h ih fdrlbhb okd ih lddkqhold) ih ldqf~sld fd ldqfsrlmhold | bfsh~~kiik | ih

hvfsrh k~ rfodkikmh vdrf~h$

Kf~rh bf dvfqks sf~qlolks

Fi bfsh~~kiik bf ihs idfhs bf ldqfsrlmhold xvf horvhigfdrf sf fsrd iifqhd'

bk h ohnk fd rk~dk h ih nlkgfr~h vfbf ~fsvirh~ fd ih kf~rh bf dvfqks sf~ql'

olks fd vd vrv~k of~ohdk$ Fsrks sf~qlolks hnh~ohd blqf~shs hiloholkdfs fd

fi sfork~ shdlrh~lk) fi hmk gfblhdrf blskslrlqks gqlifs) okdr~ki h~fdrhi)

qlbfkqlmlihdolh) fro$


26/52



2$>$ K_ V_VLK_ LDF_

Iks vsvh~lks adhifs rhgnld sf qfd hqk~folbks k~ ih lgihdrhold bf rfo'dkikmhs nlkgr~lohs$ H okdrldvhold sf bfso~lnfd iks ~ldolhifs nfdfaolks

xvf ifs ~fk~rhd$

vgfdrk bf ih okgkblbhb

Ih vrlilzhold bf rodlohs nlkgr~lohs fd ~kofsks bf lbfdrlaohold)

hvrfdrlohold | okdr~ki bf hoofsks svkdfd vd hvgfdrk okdslbf~h'

nif bf okgkblbhb h~h iks vsvh~lks fd ih ~fhilzhold bf fsrhs rh~fhs$

Fi fgifk bf rfodkikmhs nlkgr~lohs filgldh ih dfofslbhb bf ~fok~bh~ girlifs

okdr~hsfhs xvf) k~ sfmv~lbhb) sf bfnfd ohgnlh~ ohbh ok~rk f~lkbk bf rlfg'

k$ Fd fsrf sfdrlbk) fi vsvh~lk rhgkok sf rfdb~ xvf kdf~ fd okdrhork) shiqk

fpofolkdfs) okd fi sf~qlolk bf skk~rf ldk~grlok k bf hrfdold hi oilfdrf h~h~fsrhv~h~ svs o~fbfdolhifs bfnlbk hi kiqlbk bf okdr~hsfhs dl bfnf~ fpr~fgh~

ihs ~fohvolkdfs h~h ~fsf~qh~ ih ~lqholbhb bf ihs glsghs$ Bfi glsgk gkbk)

rhgkok if ~fsvirh~ dfofsh~lk iifqh~ okdslmk dldmvdh rh~jfrh bf lbfdrlaohold

fd rkbk gkgfdrk dl fplsrl~ fi ~lfsmk bf f~bf~ih k bf xvf sf bhf$

fbvoold bf rlfgks bf fsf~h

Ih lbfdrlaohold | okdr~ki bf hoofsks ~fhil'zhbks k~ grkbks r~hblolkdhifs svkdfd

rlfgks bf fsf~h xvf ~fsvirhd gkifsrks

h~h fi vsvh~lk$ Fi vsk fforlqk bf ih nlk'

gfr~h vfbf ~fbvol~ okdslbf~hnifgfdrf

ih fsf~h |) k~ rhdrk) nfdfaolh~ hi vsvh'

~lk$ Bf fsrf gkbk) fd blf~fdrfs ohsks bf

plrk) sf knsf~qh vdh ~fbvoold bf fsf~h

fd hf~kvf~rks) rlfdbhs) ofdr~ks bf kolk)fdrlbhbfs nhdoh~lhs) fro$


27/52

>=Nfdfaolks bfi vsk bf rfodkikmhs nlkgr~lohs

kslnlilbhb bf r~hglrholkdfs ~fgkrhs

Fs kslnif fgifh~ rodlohs nlkgr~lohs okgk k~gh bf qf~laohold fd kf'

~holkdfs dk ~fsfdolhifs bf k~gh hirhgfdrf ahnif) vblfdbk svf~h~ h ihs

a~ghs fifor~dlohs horvhifs$ Bf fsrh k~gh sf vfbfd ~fbvol~ iks r~hsihbks |

r~glrfs lddfofsh~lks f ldokdqfdlfdrfs h~h fi vsvh~lk adhi$

h|k~ sfmv~lbhb

Ihs rfodkikmhs nlkgr~lohs hk~rhd vd hvgfdrk bf sfmv~lbhb okgk

okdsfovfdolh bf iks ~lfsmks xvf glrlmhd$ Fsrk ~fbvdbh fd nfdfaolk

h~h fi vsvh~lk hi ~fbvol~ ihs kslnlilbhbfs bf xvf vd rf~of~k svihdrf

sv lbfdrlbhb h~h ih okglsld bf himd bfilrk k ~kqkoh~if himd rlk

bf f~jvlolk$

Ih vrlilzhold bf ih nlkgfr~h k~ h~rf bf ihs hbgldlsr~holkdfs nilohs fd

ih ivo`h okdr~h fi o~lgfd rhgnld ~fvf~zh ih sfdshold bf sfmv~lbhb bf iks

olvbhbhdks$

vgfdrk bf ih ~lqholbhb

Ih sfmv~lbhb bf iks bhrks bf oh~orf~

f~skdhi bf iks olvbhbhdks fd ihs gi'rlifs r~hdshoolkdfs xvf `hofd vsk bf

fiiks) fs kr~k bf iks hsforks ~fk~zhbks

k~ ih hilohold bf rodlohs nlkgr~l'

ohs$

Fs ih okdsfovfdolh bf ih dkrhnif blaovi'

rhb xvf svkdf ih hislaohold bf ~hsmks

nlkgr~loks okd fi knjfrlqk bf hoofbf~h ih ldk~ghold f~skdhi bf vd vsvh~lk$


28/52



hglilh~lzhold okd rfodkikmh hqhdzhbh

Fi vsk bf rfodkikmhs nlkgr~lohs hof~oh fd gvo`hs kohslkdfs rfodkikmh vd'

rf~h) hilohbh fd sfdsk~fs bf irlgh mfdf~hold) h ih olvbhbhdh$ Sfsf h ihs

~frlofdolhs xvf vfbfd gksr~h~ iks vsvh~lks fd vd ~lgf~ gkgfdrk `holh vdh

rfodkikmh xvf dk okdkofd) r~hs vdh fxvfh hsf bf hbhrhold) sv kldld

skn~f ih glsgh svfif gfjk~h~ k~ dk~gh mfdf~hi$ Okgk okdsfovfdolh) fi vsk

bf rfodkikmh fd fi bh h bh bfi olvbhbhdk sf okdqlf~rf fd himk gs sfdoliik |

`hnlrvhi$

2$? OKRLQ OKD KRK_ _L_RF_ BF VRFDRLOOLDF LBFDRLLOOLD VRKRLO

Ihs rfodkikmhs nlkgr~lohs sv~mfd okgk hirf~dhrlqh k okgifgfdrk h ihs

rodlohs bf lbfdrlaohold | hvrfdrlohold |h fplsrfdrfs$ Sk~ fiik fs ksl'

nif fsrhnifof~ vdh okgh~hold bl~forh fdr~f hgnhs) bfsrhohdbk nfdfaolks

xvf ~fsvirhd bfi vsk bf nlkgfr~h jvdrk okd hsforks fd iks xvf ihs rodlohs

r~hblolkdhifs skd svf~lk~fs$

_f `hd bf okdslbf~h~ iks slmvlfdrfs hsforks:

Dfofslbhb bf sfo~frk: Ihs okdr~hsfhs `hd bf kovirh~sf | ihs rh~'jfrhs dk bfnfd bf fsrh~ hi hiohdof bf rf~of~ks) glfdr~hs xvf ih nlk'

gfr~h dk ~fxvlf~f bf fsrhs gfblbhs bf ~krfoold xvf skd fpoivsl'

qhgfdrf bffdblfdrfs bfi vsvh~lk$

kslnlilbhb bf ~knk: Ihs rh~jfrhs | okdr~hsfhs vfbfd sf~ ~knhbhs$_ld fgnh~mk) ~knh~ vd ~hsmk nlkgr~lok fs fpr~fghbhgfdrf okgifjk$

kslnlilbhb bf ~blbh: Ihs okdr~hsfhs skd oligfdrf kiqlbhnifs| ihs rh~jfrhs sf vfbfd f~bf~$ Iks ~hsmks nlkgr~loks f~ghdfofd

ldqh~lhnifs shiqk fd okdrhbhs fpofolkdfs | slfg~f fsrd okd fi

svjfrk h xvlfd lbfdrlaohd$

fmlsr~k ldlolhi | kslnlilbhb bf ~fmfdf~hold: Ih holilbhb okd ihxvf sf vfbf fdqlh~ vdh okdr~hsfh k rh~jfrh dvfqh okdr~hsrh okd


29/52

>


30/52


?3 Nfdfaolks bfi vsk bf rfodkikmhs nlkgr~lohs

Oksrf bf lgihdrhold: Fd fi gkgfdrk bf ih lgihdrhold) fi fo`kbf ldsrhv~h~ vd slsrfgh bf okdr~hsfhs rlfdf vd oksrf nhjk) glfdr~hs

xvf fd fi ohsk bf vd slsrfgh nhshbk fd gvfsr~hs nlkgr~lohs fsgs oksrksk$

Oksrf bf ghdrfdlglfdrk: Fi oksrf bf ghdrfdlglfdrk bf vd slsrfghnlkgr~lok) vdh qfz fsr lgihdrhbk okd plrk) fs gfdk~ hi bf vd

slsrfgh bf okdr~hsfh k rh~jfrh |h xvf dk okdiifqh mhsrks bf mfsrld

hskolhbks h ih ~blbh v kiqlbk bf o~fbfdolhifs$

H okdrldvhold sf gvfsr~h vdh rhnih livsr~hrlqh lbfdrlaohdbk fd xv hsforks

bfsrhoh ohbh grkbk bf hvrfdrlohold:

_FORK LKFROKDR_F_

+RJFR_

Dfofslbhb bf sfo~frk

kslnlilbhb bf ~knk

kslnlilbhb bf ~blbh

fmlsr~k ldlolhi| kslnlilbhb bf ~fmfdf~hold

~kofsk bf okgh~hold

Okgkblbhb bfi vsvh~lk

Qvidf~hnlilbhb hdrf fi fslkdhjf

Qvidf~hnlilbhb h vd hrhxvf k~ vf~zh n~vrh

fblbhs bf ~fqfdold

vrfdrlohold bf vsvh~lks ~fhifs

Oksrf bf lgihdrhold

Oksrf bf ghdrfdlglfdrk


31/52

?8Nfdfaolks bfi vsk bf rfodkikmhs nlkgr~lohs

Hdrf ihs blf~fdolhs bf hgnks grkbks) `h| xvf ~fshirh~ fi `fo`k bf xvf

sf okgifgfdrhd bf k~gh rlgh) fsfolhigfdrf fd fdrk~dks bf gplgh

sfmv~lbhb bkdbf ih hvrfdrlohold sfh vd ~kofsk o~rlok$ Bf fsrf gkbk) svvsk okgnldhbk gfjk~h dkrhnifgfdrf ih sfmv~lbhb$


32/52

?> Mfsrld bf ~lfsmks fd nlkgfr~h

6$ Mfsrld bf ~lfsmks fd nlkgfr~hIh lgihdrhold | fi fgifk bf rfodkikmhs nlkgr~lohs fsrd fpvfsrks h

vdh sf~lf bf ~lfsmks) himvdks fsfoaoks | kr~ks okgh~rlbks okd ihs bf'

gs rfodkikmhs | rodlohs bf lbfdrlaohold$ Fd fsrf ohrvik sf lbfdrlaohdihs hgfdhzhs | qvidf~hnlilbhbfs xvf vfbfd okg~kgfrf~ ih sfmv~lbhb k ih

okdahdzh fd iks slsrfghs nlkgr~loks$

Hbfgs himvdks slsrfghs nlkgr~loks horvhifs ovfdrhd okd olf~rhs ilglrh'

olkdfs) rhifs okgk dk sf~ ohhofs bf shrlshof~ ihs ohbh qfz gh|k~fs bf'

ghdbhs bf oh~mh bf r~hnhjk k okdrh~ okd blaovirhbfs bf ldrf~kf~hnlilbhb

fdr~f slsrfghs$ Fsrhs oh~fdolhs bfgvfsr~hd ih dfofslbhb bf vd gh|k~ bfsh'

~~kiik | ih hilohold bf gfblbhs bf sfmv~lbhb$

6$8$ FD_

Ihs rfodkikmhs nlkgr~lohs) okgk fi ~fsrk bf rfodkikmhs) fsrd fpvfsrhs h

vdh sf~lf bf hgfdhzhs$ Fsrhs vfbfd sf~ fpoivslqhs k okgh~rlbhs okd kr~hs

rfodkikmhs bf hvrfdrlohold$ Ihs gs ~fifqhdrfs sf bfsh~~kiihd h okdrldvhold$

~blbh k ~knk bf ldk~ghold nlkgr~loh

Fi ~knk bf ldk~ghold fs fsfolhigfdrf

sfdslnif fd fi ohsk bf ih nlkgfr~h hi r~hrh~'

sf bf ldk~ghold fpoivslqh | fpr~fghbh'

gfdrf ilmhbh hi ldblqlbvk) k~ ik xvf fi ~knk

bf ih glsgh svkdf vd ldolbfdrf bf sfmv~l'

bhb m~hqf$ H blf~fdolh bf ihs okdr~hsfhs

k ihs rh~jfrhs f~skdhifs) iks ~hsmks nlkg'

r~loks skd ldqh~lhnifs (okgk ~fmih mfdf~hi,)

k~ ik xvf sv dgf~k fs ilglrhbk h ik ih~mk bfi rlfgk) sld kslnlilbhb bf

~fdkqhold |) fd okdsfovfdolh) sv okdabfdolhilbhb fs fsfdolhi$

_vihdrhold bf lbfdrlbhb

_f r~hrh bfi vsk bf ldk~ghold nlkgr~loh ~knhbh k hislaohbh okd fi ~k'slrk bf hoofbf~ h fsholks k hiloholkdfs ~fsr~ldmlbhs) hislaoh~ fi okdr~ki


33/52

??Mfrld bf ~lfmk fd nlkgfr~h

bf s~ffdolh) fdghoh~h~ k vsihdrh~ vdh sf~kdhilbhb) fro$ F bf fsfolhi

m~hqfbhb ovhdbk f vrlilzh sh~h okgfrf~ vd o~lgfd |h xvf v ~fsvblk ~fvirh

okgsilohbk$

_hnkrhjf

Svfbfd bh~f hrhxvf hi fdk~ bf k~gh okdolfdrf sh~h r~hrh~ bf lgsf'

bl~ v vdolkdhglfdrk$ A~fovfdrfgfdrf) ih ohvh bf frk hrhxvf f vdh

fps~fld bfi bfhovf~bk k bfokdrfdrk okd ih lgsihdrhold bf nlkgfr~h

s~folhgfdrf bfnlbk h ih hirh ahnlilbhb xvf k~fof fi lrfgh h ih `k~h fqlrh~okdbvorh ~hvbvifdrh | hoofk dk hvrk~lzhbk$

Ldovgsilglfdrk bf ih dk~ghrlqh bf s~krfoold bf bhrk sf~kdhif

Fd okdfovfdolh) skbfgk okdoivl~ xvf ik ~hmk nlkgr~lok f okdlbf~hd

bhrk bf oh~orf~ sf~kdhi h rkbk ik ffork ifmhif sk~ ik xvf v r~hrhglfd'

rk f fdovfdr~h kgfrlbk hi ovgsilglfdrk bf ih blrldrh fplmfdolh bf oh~o'

rf~ jv~blok) rodlok) lok | k~mhdlzhrlqk s~fqlrh) s~ldolshigfdrf sk~ ih If|

K~mdloh 86+88 bf blolfgn~f) sk~ fi xvf f hs~vfnh fi ^fmihgfdrk bf Bf'

h~~kiik bf ih IKSB (^BIKSB,$ H fiik `h| xvf vgh~ olf~rh ifmlihold gfdk~(Ldr~voolkdf) fro$,) ldk~gf bf ih HFSB | himvdh ~fkivolkdf jvblolhif$

F dfofh~lk rfdf~ fd ovfdrh xvf ih Hmfdolh Fshkih bf S~k'

rfoold bf Bhrk (HFSB, `h bfadlbk ik bhrk nlkgr~lok okgk

hxvfiik hsfork lok xvf) gfblhdrf vd hdill rodlok) sf~'

glrfd blrldmvl~ ih ldmvih~lbhbf xvf okdov~~fd ~fsfork bf bl'

o`k hsfork | xvf) ~fvirhdbk xvf f lgsklnif ih okldolbfdolh

bf rhif hsfork fd bk ldblqlbvk) vdh qfz s~kofhbk) sf~glrfd

f~ql~ sh~h lbfdrlaoh~ hi ldblqlbvk fd ovfrld) rhi | okgk f bf'

s~fdbf bf qh~lk bf v ldk~gf jv~blok$


34/52


?2 Mfsrld bf ~lfsmks fd nlkgfr~h

Ih IKSB fsrhnifof vdh sf~lf bf knilmholkdfs | ~ldollks bf knilmhbk ovg'

ilglfdrk h~h rkbhs hxvfiihs fdrlbhbfs k fg~fshs) rhdrk bfi sfork~ nilok

okgk ~lqhbk) xvf r~hrfd bhrks bf oh~orf~ f~skdhi h~h fi bfsh~~kiik bf svhorlqlbhb$ H okdrldvhold sf bfrhiihd himvdhs bf iks bfnf~fs | knilmholkdfs

gs bfsrhohnifs:

Ldso~lnl~ iks ao`f~ks bf bhrks f~skdhifs fd fi ^fmlsr~k Mfdf~hi bf

S~krfoold bf Bhrks bf ih HFSB k nlfd) r~hrdbksf bf ao`f~ks bf rlrv'

ih~lbhb niloh) fd fi ^fmlsr~k bf ih Hvrk~lbhb hvrkdgloh okgfrfdrf$

Ldk~gh~ h iks vsvh~lks hforhbks fd ~fihold okd fi r~hrhglfdrk bfsvs bhrks f~skdhifs xvf sf bfsfh iifqh~ h ohnk$

_kilolrh~ | knrfdf~ fi okdsfdrlglfdrk bf iks vsvh~lks hforhbks

ovhdbk sfh dfofsh~lk$

Aholilrh~ h iks vsvh~lks fi fjf~ololk bf iks bf~fo`ks bf hoofsk)

~forlaohold) ohdofihold | kkslold (H^OK,$

Ovgil~ okd fi ~ldollk bf ohilbhb bf iks bhrks f~skdhifs | fsrh'

nifof~ fi bfdkgldhbk jvlolk bf ~kk~olkdhilbhb) fsrk fs) bfrf~gl'

dh~ fd ~fihold okd fi ad xvf sf ~frfdbf hiohdzh~ sl ih gfblbh fd

ovfsrld ~fsvirh lbdfh) dfofsh~lh k~ dk fplsrl~ kr~h gs gkbf~hbh

| mvh~bh fi dfofsh~lk fxvliln~lk k~ bf~lqh~sf gh|k~fs nfdfaolks$

^fmvih~ hbfovhbhgfdrf fi hoofsk h iks bhrks nlkgr~loks k~ h~rf

bf rf~of~ks ~fsrhbk~fs bf sf~qlolks$

Lgihdrh~ ihs gfblbhs bf sfmv~lbhb fplmlbhs k~ fi ^BIKSB) rhdrk

k~ fi ~fskdshnif bfi ao`f~k bf bhrks nlkgr~loks |) fd sv ohsk)

k~ fi fdoh~mhbk bfi r~hrhglfdrk$

H ih qlsrh bf rkbk ik hdrf~lk~) dk ohnf bvbh bf xvf vd r~hrhglfdrk ldhbfovhbk

vfbf bf~lqh~ fd vdh ld~hoold k ldovgilglfdrk bf ih dk~ghrlqh qlmfdrf fd

ghrf~lh bf ~krfoold bf bhrks f~skdhifs) okd ih okdsfovfdrf fpkslold

h shdolkdfs fovdlh~lhs | fi bfrf~lk~k bf ih lghmfd bf ih fdrlbhb$ Bf `fo`k)ihs shdolkdfs rllaohbhs fd ih IKSB qhd bfsbf fi gf~k hf~olnlglfdrk fd


35/52

?6Mfrld bf ~lfmk fd nlkgfr~h

ik ohk g ifqf) `hrh gvirh xvf svfbfd hiohdzh~ ik 133$333 fv~k

sk~ ld~hoold fd ik ohk g m~hqf) ld kiqlbh~ ih sklnif ~foihghold

bf bhk | sf~jvlolk sk~ sh~rf bfi vjfrk hforhbk hdrf ih jv~lbloold olqli$

Sk~ kr~k ihbk) fd ik xvf ~fsforh fsfoaohgfdrf h ih gfblbh bf fmv~lbhb

h hbksrh~) h sfh~ bf xvf frk bhrk nlkgr~lok f `hd okdlbf~hbk) okd

oh~orf~ mfdf~hi) okgk bf dlqfi nlok bf okdk~glbhb okd fi ^BIKSB)

lfdbk fxvlsh~hnif h vdh lgsif bl~foold k vd dgf~k bf rfikdk) lfgs~f

f hokdfjhnif r~hrh~ frk bhrk okd ih gplgh ohvrfih | s~krfoold sklnif)

|h xvf fd gvo`k ohk fi vvh~lk adhi ik sf~olnf okgk bf vdh hirh fd'

lnlilbhb) s~folhgfdrf sk~ r~hrh~f bf ~hmk ldr~dfohgfdrf ilmhbk h vsf~kdh$

H frf ~fsfork) l nlfd fd ih ldgfdh gh|k~h bf ik ohk h ik lrfgh

|+k s~km~hgh ldk~grlok fd ql~rvb bf ik ovhif f r~hrfd bhrk nlkgr~l'

ok bf sf~kdh loh lbfdrlaohbh k lbfdrlaohnif f if bfnf~ hsiloh~ ih

gfblbh bf fmv~lbhb ohilaohbh okgk bf dlqfi nlok sk~ fi ^BIKSB (qf~

h~r$ 08 | $,) rdmhf fd ovfdrh xvf fd fi ohk bf xvf ik bhrk nlkgr~lok

knjfrk bf r~hrhglfdrk fd fi lrfgh svblffd hbfg fdokdr~h~f fqfdrvhi'

gfdrf hkolhbk k qldovihbk h ih hivb bf ik hforhbk (sk~ fjfgsik) h vdh

blohsholbhb, k h kr~k bhrk fsfolhigfdrf s~krfmlbk) skb~h ~fvirh~ rhg'

nld knilmhrk~lh ih lgsihdrhold bf ih gfblbh bf fmv~lbhb bf dlqfi gfblk

| hirk bf okdk~glbhb okd ik fplmlbk fd fi ~ff~lbk ^BIKSB$

Fd ih lmvlfdrf rhnih f okgsh~h fi lgshork fd ih s~lqholbhb fd vdold bfi

s~kofk bf hvrfdrlohold vrlilzhbk) fi rlsk bf rfodkikmh nlkgr~loh) fi k~'

ghrk bf ih gvfr~h | fi rhghk bf ih nhf bf bhrk bkdbf f highofdhd ih

gvfr~h:

Lgshork fd ih

s~lqholbhbS~kofk

Rlsk

bf rfodkikmhGvfr~h

Rlsk bf nhf

bf bhrk

Hirk Lbfdrlaohold AllkimlokLghmfd

nlkgr~loh

Nhf bf

bhrk m~hdbf+

ofdr~hilzhbh

Nhjk Qf~laoholdBf

okgsk~rhglfdrk

Gvfr~h

ol~hbh

Nhf bf

bhrk sfxvfh+ikohif


36/52


?1 Mfrld bf ~lfmk fd nlkgfr~h

Lbkdflbhb bf ih lgsihdrhold

Fplrf fi ~lfmk bf o~ff~ f~~dfhgfdrf xvf vd

lrfgh nlkgr~lok mh~hdrlzh ih fmv~lbhb rkrhi

| xvf f ih kivold h ovhixvlf~ s~knifgh bf f'

mv~lbhb$ Ih lgsihdrhold bf rfodkikmh nlkg'

r~loh vskdf vd hirk okrf fokdglok | vdh lg'

silohold bf sf~kdhi fsfoaohgfdrf bfblohbk

h fiik bv~hdrf ih hf ldlolhi$ Sk~ fiik f dfofh~lk

~fhilzh~ vd hdill sh~h fqhivh~ ih qf~bhbf~h dfoflbhb) fofdh~lk hbfovhbk

bf lgsihdrhold | fi nfdfaolk ikm~hbk ~fdrf hi okrf ldov~~lbk) |h xvf f skl'

nif xvf rh dk fh ih kivold g hbfovhbh sh~h rkbk ik ohk$

Ohilbhb bf ih rfodkikmh

_l ih ohilbhb bf ih rfodkikmh lgsihdrhbh dk hiohdzh ik dlqfif ~fokgfd'

bhnif) skb~h hoh~~fh~ m~hqf n~fo`h bf fmv~lbhb h okgk vd bfrf~lk~k

dkrhnif bf ih sf~ofsold bf ih rfodkikmh bfnlbk h v ghi vdolkdhglfdrk$

Ik fifgfdrk xvf f bfnfd rfdf~ fd ovfdrh hi ~fsfork kd: ih ohilbhb bfi

fdk~) ih faolfdolh bfi himk~lrgk bf okgsh~hold) ih fdo~lsrhold bfi high'

ofdhglfdrk bf gvfr~h knrfdlbh | ih ldrf~ksf~hnlilbhb okd kr~k lrfgh$

Ldolbfdolh okd fi lrfgh

Ohbh bf ih idfh bf okgvdlohold) bfi s~kslk lrfgh k bf ik lrfghbf ksk~rf (sk~ fjfgsik vgldlr~k fior~lok k lrfgh bf okgvdloholkdf,)

hrhxvf ldk~grlok) fro$ Frk s~knifgh hforhd bf k~gh lglih~ xvf hi

~frk bf rfodkikmh$

Ldblskdlnlilbhb bf fdk~

_l fi hoofk k ih hvrfdrlohold f ~fhilzhd fpoivlqhgfdrf gfblhdrf nlkgf'r~h) f bfol~) dk fplrf vd grkbk hirf~dhrlqk okgk svfbf f~ fi vk bf


37/52

?=Mfsrld bf ~lfsmks fd nlkgfr~h

okdr~hsfhs k rh~jfrhs f~skdhifs) fi hiik k hvsfdolh bfi blskslrlqk bf hb'

xvlslold bf gvfsr~hs svkdf ih lgkslnlilbhb bf hvrfdrlohold k hoofsk$

Vd fjfgik bf fsrh slrvhold fs vd vsvh~lk xvf rfdmh xvf hoofbf~ bf k~ghv~mfdrf hi ok~~fk fifor~dlok bfsbf vf~h bf ih kaoldh gfblhdrf `vfiih bhorl'

ih~ f~k dk blskdmh bf sfdsk~ fd sv k~bfdhbk~$

irf~hold okd dlgk ~hvbvifdrk bf iks ~hsmks nlkgr~loks

Hirf~holkdfs fd ihs `vfiihs bhorlih~fs) fd fi qfiik

holhi) fd ihs ovf~bhs qkohifs) fro$ okd fi knjfrlqkbf fqlrh~ sf~ ~fokdkolbk k~ vd slsrfgh nlkg'

r~lok$ Fs vdh ~orloh ~fovfdrf fd iks ldrfdrks

bf fdr~hbh lifmhi fd vd hs) r~hrhdbk bf fivbl~ ih

lbfdrlaohold bf vd ldblqlbvk ~fldolbfdrf$

Qh~lhold ldqkivdrh~lh fd iks ~hsmks nlkgr~loks

Iks ohgnlks fd iks ~hsmks nlkgr~loks) okgk qh~lholkdfs bf ih qkz) qfiik

holhi k fi fldhbk rhgnld svofbfd bf k~gh dhrv~hi$ Fd fsrks ohsks) fi

vsvh~lk dk rlfdf ldrfdold bf fdmhh~ hi slsrfgh$ Dk knsrhdrf) fsrks ohg'

nlks vfbfd blaovirh~ fi ~kofsk bf lbfdrlaohold | mfdf~h~) ldoivsk) vdh

f~ofold dfmhrlqh h~h fi vsvh~lk$

Fpf~lfdolh bf vsk dfmhrlqh (vshnlilbhb,

Vd ghi vsk ldqkivdrh~lk bfi sfdsk~ ~fhilzhbk k~ vdh f~skdh sld iks okdk'

olglfdrks hbfovhbks vfbf rfdf~ okgk okdsfovfdolh ih bfsokdahdzh bfi

vsvh~lk fd ih rfodkikmh | fi hvgfdrk bf ih rhsh bf f~~k~ bf ih glsgh$

hirh bf hofrhold ovirv~hi

Fsrh hgfdhzh hh~fof fd bfrf~gldhbks m~vks bfgkm~aoks ov|hs dk~ghsskolhifs k ~filmlkshs dk hqk~fofd ih rkgh bf gvfsr~hs fd bfrf~gldhbhs ro'


38/52


?0 Mfrld bf ~lfmk fd nlkgfr~h

dloh$ Sk~ fjfgsik) fd himvdh ovirv~h fi ~fokdkolglfdrk holhi dk f qilbk

|h xvf dk rkbk ik olvbhbhdk iifqhd fi ~kr~k hi bfovnlf~rk5 fd kr~h ih

iforv~h bf ih `vfiih bhorlih~ f okdlbf~h vdh s~orloh hdrl`lmldloh) fro$

6$>$ Q^HNLLH_

H okdrldvhold f ilrhd himvdh qvidf~hnlilbhbf xvf hforhd dfmhrlqhgfdrf

rhdrk h ih lgsihdrhold bf lrfgh bf ~fokdkolglfdrk nlkgr~lok okgk h v

s~kslk ~fdblglfdrk$ Frh qvidf~hnlilbhbf f blqlbfd fmd fhd okgvdf h

rkbh ih rodloh nlkgr~loh k fsfoaoh bf himvdh bf fiih$

Rfodkikmh

nlkgr~lohQvidf~hnlilbhbfs

Qvidf~hnlilbhbfs

okgvdfs h rkbhs

ihs rfodkikmhsnlkgr~lohs

Ohilbhb nhjh bf ik blsklrlqk bf ohsrv~h$

Vnlohold ldhbfovhbh bfi blsklrlqk bf ohsrv~h$

Bfokdkolglfdrk bf ih ohilbhb k bfi hnhdlok bf s~kbvork | vrlil'

bhbf blskdlnif$

Ahirh bf okdkolglfdrk rodlok bfi sf~kdhi$ Ahirh bf ~fov~k (rhdrk bf sf~kdhi okgk fokdglok,$

Fohh okdolfdolhold fd ghrf~lh bf fmv~lbhb$

Sf~ofsold bf hvfdolh bf s~lqholbhb sk~ sh~rf bf ik vvh~lk$

@vfiih bhorlih~

Okdblold bfi bfbk fd fi gkgfdrk bf rkgh~ ih gvfr~h: gkjhbk)

fok) ghdo`hbk) fro$

Okdblolkdf oilghrkimloh xvf hforhd hi ifork~: `vgfbhb) rfg'

sf~hrv~h) fro$

Okdblolkdf bf ih `vfiih: ok~rf) `f~lbh k ldhgholkdf$ Horlqlbhb ihnk~hi: r~hnhjk xvf svfbhd hforh~ h ih `vfiih) sk~ fjfg'

sik fi vk `hnlrvhi bf s~kbvork xvglok xvf svfbhd bfrf~lk~h~ih$

^fokdkolglfdrk

bf qkz

Fdf~gfbhbf bf ih qkz: n~kdxvlrl) h~ldmlrl) m~lsf) ih~ldmlrl)

hkdh) fro$

Qh~lhold fdr~f fi blsklrlqk bf ~fmlr~k | fi vhbk fd ih ohsrv~h bf

gvfr~h$

Qh~lhold fdr~f fdrk~dk bf ~fmlr~k | ohsrv~h bf gvfr~h (sk~

fjfgsik: ldrf~lk~ | fprf~lk~,$

Qkivgfd bfi `hnih$


39/52

?


40/52

23 Nvfdhs ~orlohs

1$ vfdhs ~orlohsOkd fi knjfrlqk bf ~fbvol~ iks ~lfsmks hskolhbks hi fgifk bf

nlkgfr~h | `hof~ vdh hbfovhbh mfsrld bf iks glsgks) `hd bf

hiloh~sf vdh sf~lf bf okdr~kifs glrlmhdrfs | nvfdhs ~orlohs bf

sfmv~lbhb$

1$8$ ORKMK BF VFD_ ORLO_

Ih sfmv~lbhb fs vdbhgfdrhi fd rkbks iks fifgfdrks bf vd slsrfgh nlkgr~l'ok$ Fs k~ fiik xvf bfsbf xvf sf hbxvlf~f ih gvfsr~h sf bfnfd hiloh~ iks ~k'

rkokiks bf sfmv~lbhb f~rldfdrfs h~h mh~hdrlzh~ ih ~lqholbhb | fqlrh~ hoofsks

dk hvrk~lzhbks h ih nhsf bf bhrks fd xvf sf mvh~bhd iks ~fmlsr~ks nlkgr~loks$

Bfrfoold bf qlbh

Ih bfrfoold bf qlbh okdslsrf fd ih ohhol'bhb bf vd slsrfgh nlkgr~lok bf bfrforh~ sl

ih gvfsr~h hbxvl~lbh ~kqlfdf k dk bf vd sf~

`vghdk qlqk) okd fi ad bf fqlrh~ kslnifs ld'

rfdrks bf ~hvbf (okgk k~ fjfgik fi vsk bf

ihdrliihs bf mkgh xvf ldrfdrfd slgvih~ vdh

`vfiih bhorlih~,$

Bf fsrf gkbk) fi blskslrlqk nlkgr~lok okg~knh~ vdk k gs bf iks sl'

mvlfdrfs hork~fs) bffdblfdbk bf ih rfodkikmh fgifhbh:

Svisk oh~bhok$ Ohgnlks bf fp~fsld holhi$

S~fsld shdmvdfh$ Gkqlglfdrk bfi kjk$

Bfrfoold bf k~ks$ Blihrhold bf ih vlih$

R~hdsl~hold$ Slmgfdrhold bfi l~ls$

S~kvdblbhb bf ih oh~h$ _fifoold bf hihn~hs h~kdvdolh~$ Gkqlglfdrks bf ih ohnfzh$


41/52

28Nvfdhs ~orlohs

Fsrh rodloh fs vdk bf iks ~ldolhifs grkbks bf iks xvf blskdf ih nlk'

gfr~h h~h okgnhrl~ fi ~hvbf$ Dk knsrhdrf) hd rlfdf nhsrhdrf gh~mfd bf

gfjk~h bf oh~h hi vrv~k$

ighofdhglfdrk bf gvfsr~hs

Fd fi ~kofsk bf ~fmlsr~k ~fqlk hi vsk bf

rfodkikmhs nlkgr~lohs `hd bf highofdh~sf

ihs gvfsr~hs hk~rhbhs k~ iks vsvh~lks$ Hs)

fplsrf ih kslnlilbhb bf highofdh~ vdh h~rf

bf ih gvfsr~h k gvirlrvb bf ~ff~fdolhs fd iv'

mh~ bf ih gvfsr~h drfm~h$ Fsrk sf `hof h~h

~fqfdl~ sv vrlilzhold ~hvbvifdrh fd ohsk bf

~blbh k ~knk$ Vd fjfgik fs fi highofdh'

glfdrk bf gldvolhs bf `vfiihs bhorlih~fs) fd

ivmh~ bf ih `vfiih okgifrh$ Bf fsrh k~gh ~fsvirh lgkslnif ih ~fo~fhold bf

ih `vfiih h h~rl~ bf vdh gldvolh) fd ohsk bf xvf fsrh sfh ~knhbh$

vrfdrlohold bf bknif hork~

Okd fi knjfrlqk bf fqlrh~ fi ~hvbf sf ~fokglfdbh fi vsk bf bks

hork~fs fd fi ~kofsk bf hvrfdrlohold$ Sh~h fiik sf vfbf vrlilzh~

nlkgfr~h nlgkbhi (bks rodlohs nlkgr~lohs blf~fdrfs) k~ fjfg'

ik `vfiih bhorlih~ f l~ls, k okgnldh~ ih nlkgfr~h okd fi vsk bf okd'

r~hsfh |+k rh~jfrhs bf lbfdrlaohold$

fhilzh~ vdh nvfdh hbhrhold

Dk rkbhs ihs fg~fshs skd lmvhifs) k~ fiik ih hbhrhold h ihs ol~'

ovdsrhdolhs bf ohbh ohsk fs fsfdolhi h~h fqlrh~ vrv~ks ~knifghs$


42/52


2> Nvfdh s~orloh

Sk~ fjfgsik) l vdh fgs~fh qh h ldok~sk~h~ vd okdr~ki bf hoofk fd nhf

h ih `vfiih bhorlih~ | ovfdrh okd fgsifhbk xvf ~fhilzhd r~hnhjk ghdvhif k

vrlilzhd s~kbvork hn~hlqk) svfbf f~ hokdfjhnif ~fmlr~h~ ih `vfiih bfih ghdk xvf gfdk vrlilofd (lzxvlf~bh fd fi ohk bf ik blfr~k | bf~fo`h fd

fi ohk bf ik zv~bk, | bf ik bfbk xvf gfdk f vrlilofd (mfdf~higfdrf

hdvih~ | gflxvf,$ Okd frh lgsif hbhsrhold) f skb~d fqlrh~ fd nvfdh

gfblbh vrv~k s~knifgh ~fiholkdhbk okd ok~rf k bfrf~lk~k fd ih `vfiih$

Hbxvlslold bf rfodkikmh bf ohilbhb

Ih knrfdold bf gvfr~h hbfovhbh | ih ~fhilzhold bf okgsh~hrlqh

ahnif f lgsk~rhdrf sh~h fqlrh~ hik sklrlqk) hik dfmhrlqk | hirh rh'

h bf f~~k~) | frk bfsfdbf fd m~hd gfblbh bf ih ohilbhb | ahnlilbhb bf ik

lrfgh vrlilzhbk$ Vdh fifoold hbfovhbh s~fqlfdf fi ~hvbf | ih ~frlofdolh

bf ik vvh~lk$

Nlkgfr~h fd gkqlglfdrk

Ih ohsrv~h bf gvfr~h fd gkqlglfdrk f vdh k~gh bf ~fbvol~ ih sklnif

sf~ofsold bf ih rodloh bf hbxvllold bf ldk~ghold nlkgr~loh okgk

ldr~vlqh sk~ sh~rf bf ik vvh~lk | v ~frlofdolh h vrlilzh~ih sk~ frf gk'

rlqk$ Frf okdr~ki dk f qilbk sh~h rkbh ih rodloh sf~k |h f hsiloh) sk~

fjfgsik) fd fi ~fokdkolglfdrk holhi | bf l~l$

Ak~ghold bf iks vsvh~lks

Vd hork~ oihqf fd fi plrk bf ih rfo'

dkikmh nlkgr~loh f xvf v vvh'

~lk ih vrlilofd ok~~forhgfdrf$ Sh~h ih

okdfovold bf frf knjfrlqk f svfbf

k~fof~ vdh hf ldlolhi bf k~ghold xvf)

sk~ dk~gh mfdf~hi) dk f~ fpoflqhgfd'rf ih~mh | fd ih xvf f ldk~gf bf ik xvf


43/52

2?Nvfdhs ~orlohs

skd ihs rfodkikmhs nlkgr~lohs | sf hk~rfd vdhs n~fqfs ldsr~voolkdfs |

~fokgfdbholkdfs skn~f sv vsk$ Fd fsrf sfdrlbk) iks hovf~bks okd iks ~f~f'

sfdrhdrfs bf iks r~hnhjhbk~fs ~fqlks h ih lgihdrhold bf ihs rfodkikmhshqk~fofd fsrf ~kofsk$

Ovgilglfdrk dk~ghrlqk

H ih `k~h bf lgihdrh~ fsrf rlk bf rfodkikmhs nlkgr~lohs hilohbhs h ih sf'

mv~lbhb) ~fsvirh bf qlrhi lgk~rhdolh fi fqhivh~ ~fqlhgfdrf ihs qfdrhjhs f ld'

okdqfdlfdrfs kslnifs xvf) bfsbf vd vdrk bf qlsrh jv~blok) vfbf svkdf~ih lgihdrhold bf blo`k slsrfgh fd ~fihold okd ih qlbh ~lqhbh bf ihs f~'

skdhs hforhbhs) hs okgk rfdf~ fd ovfdrh kslnifs slsrfghs k skivolkdfs

hirf~dhrlqhs xvf vfbhd svkdf~ vdh gfdk~ ldr~vsld okdr~h iks bf~fo`ks bf

iks ldrf~fshbks$

H fsrf ~fsfork) bfsrhoh~ xvf fd rkbk ohsk iks bhrks nlkgr~loks xvf) fd sv

ohsk) vblfsfd sf~ skgfrlbks h r~hrhglfdrk h r~hqs bf blo`ks slsrfghs bf'

nf~hd sf~ slfg~f hbfovhbks) f~rldfdrfs | dk fpofslqks fd okgh~hold

okd ih adhilbhb bfi ~kofsk (k~ fjfgik: okdr~ki k~h~lk) okdr~ki bf hoofsks)

okdr~ki bf ~fsfdolh) fro$,$

Lmvhigfdrf) rhi | okgk sf `h qfdlbk fsrhnifolfdbk k~ ih jv~ls~vbfdolh ~fl'

rf~hbh) ih okdsrlrvolkdhilbhb bf ovhixvlf~ gfblbh ~fsr~lorlqh bf bf~fo`ks

vdbhgfdrhifs okgk ihs hxv hdhilzhbhs qlfdf bfrf~gldhbh k~ vdh fsr~lorh

knsf~qhdolh bfi olrhbk ~ldollk bf ~kk~olkdhilbhb$


44/52

22 ^fokgfdbholkdfs

=$ fokgfdbholkdfsH okdrldvhold sf `h ~fokmlbk vd okdjvdrk bf okdsfjks | ~fokgfdbholkdfs

h~h ih ldqfsrlmhold) lgihdrhold | vsk bf ihs rfodkikmhs nlkgr~lohs hs

okgk h~h sv ~fmvihold$

=$8$ LODRF_ KQFFBKF_ BF _FQLOLK_

8$ Hksrh~ k~ ih lddkqhold fd fi bfsh~~kiik f lgihdrhold okd fi kn'jfrlqk bf kgfdrh~ ihs rfodkikmhs nlkgr~lohs$

>$ K~fof~ slsrfghs bf hirh ohilbhb) kgfdrhdbk fi plrk adhi xvf h|v'bh~ h ih gfjk~h bf ih lghmfd bf ih nlkgfr~h fd mfdf~hi$

?$ _kiqfdrh~ ihs bvbhs bf iks oilfdrfs) ldk~ghdbk bf ih lgk~rhdolh | ihnhsf rfodkimloh bfi slsrfgh5 bf fsrh k~gh) fi oilfdrf kb~ rkgh~

vdh bfolsld ldk~ghbh skn~f ih rfodkikmh h lgihdrh~$

2$ Hdhilzh~ hi oilfdrf h~h kbf~hsfsk~h~if fd ih rfodkikmh lb'

dfh sfmd svs dfofslbhbfs |

kbf~ k~gh~ h~klhbhgfdrf

h iks vsvh~lks skn~f sv vrlilzh'

old$

6$ S~kgkqf~ vdh vdlaohold bfhimk~lrgks) ol~hbks | ~kofsks

bf fpr~hoold bf gvfsr~hs) ik

xvf hqk~fof~ ih ldrf~kf~hnlilbhb fdr~f iks slsrfghs lgihdrhbks$

1$ Gksr~h~ ihs qfdrhjhs bf fsrks ~kbvorks | sf~qlolks | dk fphmf~h~skn~f iks bfforks k ldokdqfdlfdrfs bf kr~hs rodlohs bf ih okg'

frfdolh |h xvf) okgk okdsfovfdolh bf fiik) sf bfs~fsrlmlh h ih

nlkgfr~h fd mfdf~hi$

=$ _kilolrh~ f~glsk h iks vsvh~lks h~h r~hrh~ svs bhrks nlkgr~loks)

slfdbk gv| okdo~frk | r~hdsh~fdrf skn~f r~hrhglfdrk | adhilbhb bfsv vsk$


45/52

26^fokgfdbholkdfs

0$ Mh~hdrlzh~ fsfolhigfdrf ih sfmv~lbhb | okdabfdolhilbhb bf iks bh'rks ofblbks h~h mfdf~h~ okdahdzh fd iks vsvh~lks bfi slsrfgh$

=$> LDQF_RLMBKF_

8$ Hbhrh~sf h iks ~fxvf~lglfdrks bf iks vsvh~lks adhifs okd fi knjf'rlqk bf bfsh~~kiih~ idfhs bf ldqfsrlmhold xvf vfbhd shrlshof~ ihs

dfofslbhbfs fplsrfdrfs$

>$ Okdkof~ ih slrvhold horvhi bf ih ldbvsr~lh nlkgr~loh | fqlrh~ ih fih'nk~hold bf ~krkrlks okgifjks fd fi gnlrk okgf~olhi k~ sv

oksrf k vrlilbhb$

?$ Fpik~h~ blf~fdrfs kolkdfsbf gfjk~h | hnh~hrhglfdrk bf

ih rfodkikmh h~h hqk~fof~ sv

bfsh~~kiik | fphdsld$

2$ ^fhilzh~ ihnk~ blqvimhrlqh bfoh~h h kgfdrh~ xvf ih olvbh'

bhdh sf hglilh~lof) okg~fd'

bh | okdf fd ih nlkgfr~h$

=$?$ FML_BKF_ MFDRF_ BF F_RDBLOLD

8$ Mh~hdrlzh~ iks bf~fo`ks bf ~lqholbhb bf iks olvbhbhdks) f~glrlfd'bk hi glsgk rlfgk fi bfsh~~kiik bf ihs rfodkikmhs xvf k~fofd vdh

gh|k~ sfmv~lbhb) okgk ihs nlkgr~lohs$

>$ _l nlfd ih ~fmvihold horvhi fd Fshh) fd ghrf~lh bf ~krfoold bfbhrks fs svaolfdrf h~h ~fmvih~ fi gnlrk bf ih nlkgfr~h) sld fgnh~'

mk) bf oh~h h vdlaoh~ o~lrf~lks | hrfdbf~ h vdh fsfolhi sfdslnlilbhb

bf ih knihold) kb~h sf~ okdqfdlfdrf bfsh~~kiih~ vdh ~fmviholdfsfoaoh h~h ih nlkgfr~h


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21 ^fokgfdbholkdfs

?$ Fqlrh~ vdh dk~ghrlqh fpofslqhgfdrf ~'mlbh xvf lglbh k blaovirf fi vsk bf ih

nlkgfr~h k xvf dk sf vfbh hbhrh~oligfdrf h iks vrv~ks bfsh~~kiiks$

2$ Bfsh~~kiih~ vd hdilsls ~kvdbk bf iks~lfsmks | nfdfaolks bf ih nlkgfr~h

hdrfs bf ~fbhorh~ | ~kgvimh~ ih

dk~ghrlqh bf bfsh~~kiik$

6$ Hqhdzh~ fd ih ~fmvihold ifmlsihrlqh~fihrlqh h ih svihdrhold bf lbfdrl'

bhb (vdh bf ihs gh|k~fs hgfdhzhs

lbfdrlaohbhs,$

1$ Akgfdrh~ ih o~fhold bf vd fsrdbh~ dlok h~h ohbh rfodkikmh xvfholilrf ih ldrf~kf~hnlilbhb$

=$2$ FDRLBBF_ LDRBK_

8$ Hksrh~ k~ ih lgihdrhold bf rfodkikmhs bf ohilbhb) fsrk fs) hdrf ihsblf~fdrfs rfodkikmhs fplsrfdrfs fd fi gf~ohbk) ~lgh~ hxvfiihs xvf

k~fzohd gh|k~ ahnlilbhb |) okdsfovfdrfgfdrf) gfjk~fs ~fsvirhbks$

>$ Ldk~gh~sf hbfovhbhgfdrf bf oh~h h `hof~ vd vsk ok~~fork bf ihsrodlohs nlkgr~lohs h lgihdrh~ fd ih k~mhdlzhold$

?$ K~fof~ okihnk~hold h iks vsvh~lks adhifs5 ih okkf~hold okd fiiks fs fim~hd hork~ fd fi plrk bf ihs lgihdrholkdfs bf rfodkikmhs nlkgr~lohs$

2$ _f~ okdsolfdrf bf xvf iks bhrks nlkgr~loks skd bf oh~orf~ f~sk'dhi: fs k~ fiik xvf fsrd ~fmvihbks k~ ih If| K~mdloh bf S~krfo'

old bf Bhrks | sf bfnfd ~krfmf~ okgk rhifs$

6$ _kilolrh~ slfg~f fi okdsfdrlglfdrk bf ~fokmlbh | vsk bf bhrks nlk'gr~loks$ Ih fg~fsh xvf xvlf~h ~foklih~ | fgifh~ blo`ks bhrks h


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2=^fokgfdbholkdfs

bf knrfdf~ fi okdsfdrlglfdrk bfi vsvh~lk) ldk~gdbkif ~fqlhgfdrf

bf sv adhilbhb | r~hrhglfdrk$ Bf fsrf gkbk dk sik sf ovgil~ okd

ih ifmlsihold) sldk xvf vdh horvhold r~hdsh~fdrf h|vbh~ h gfjk'~h~ iks dlqfifs bf hofrhold k~ ih olvbhbhdh) ih vshnlilbhb) |) k~

rhdrk) ih fforlqlbhb bf fsrhs rfodkikmhs$

1$ Aholilrh~ fi fjf~ololk bf iks bf~fo`ks H^OK bf iks vsvh~lks skn~fsvs bhrks f~skdhifs) bdbkifs h okdkof~ ih kslnlilbhb bf knrfdf~

ldk~ghold) gkblaoh~) sv~lgl~ | kkdf~sf hi r~hrhglfdrk bf blo`ks

bhrks$

=$6$ V_VLK_ LDF_

8$ Fplml~ iks dlqfifs bf sfmv~lbhb h~klhbks h~h ~krfmf~ svs bhrksnlkgr~loks h ihs fg~fshs xvf iks ~fokjhd) fgiffd | highofdfd$

>$ Bh~ fi okdsfdrlglfdrk sik r~hs sf~ ldk~ghbk | okdkof~ fi vsk okd'o~frk xvf sf qh h bh~ h iks bhrks nlkgr~loks skilolrhbks$

?$ Sf~bf~ fi glfbk h ihs rfodkikmhs nlkgr~lohs$ _kik h h~rl~ bf vdhldk~ghold ~lmv~ksh | vd qf~bhbf~k okdkolglfdrk bf ihs glsghs)

kb~d bfsrf~~h~sf svkslolkdfs | hisfbhbfs) | sf mfdf~h~ vdh

gh|k~ okdahdzh fd fiihs) dk~ghilzdbksf sv vsk$


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20 Miksh~lk bf r~gldks ~fiholkdhbks okd ih nlkgfr~h

0$ Miksh~lk bf r~gldks~fiholkdhbks okd ih nlkgfr~hH okdrldvhold sf fpilohd blf~fdrfs r~gldks nlkgr~loks fgifhbks fd ih

~fhilzhold bf fsrh mvh k xvf skd vrlilzhbks fsfolhigfdrf fd fsrh ghrf~lh:

L_: _lsrfgh nlkgr~lok xvf okgh~h vd ~fmlsr~k bf `vfiihs bhorl'ih~fs okd iks ~fmlsr~ks bf vdh nhsf bf bhrks h~h bfrf~gldh~ ih lbfd'

rlbhb bf vd ldblqlbvk$ Fi slsrfgh HAL_ sf vrlilzh) fsfolhigfdrf) fd

ihnk~fs kilolhifs$ Fd Fshh sf okdkof okgk _lsrfgh Hvrkgrlok

bf Lbfdrlaohold Bhorlih~$

imk~lrgk: _fovfdolh bf ldsr~voolkdfs xvf ldbloh h vd slsrfghogk ~fskiqf~ vd ~knifgh fd fsfolhi$ Vd slsrfgh nlkgr~lok

vrlilzh girlifs himk~lrgks5 k~ fjfgik) h~h fi ~kofshglfdrk bf

lgmfdfs) ih mfdf~hold bf ihdrliihs) okgh~holkdfs) fro$

gfdhzh: @fo`k k hoold) ldrfdolkdhi k dk) xvf vfbf okg~kgf'rf~ ih sfmv~lbhb f ldrfm~lbhb bf vd slsrfgh$

vrfdrlohold: S~kofsk h~h okg~knh~ ih qf~holbhb bf himvdhbfoih~hold) fd fi ohsk xvf sf fpkdf fd fsrh mvh sf r~hrh bf ih

okda~ghold bf vdh lbfdrlbhb$

sxvfbh bf okldolbfdolhs: S~kofsk xvf ldoiv|f ih okgh~holdbf vdh gvfsr~h nlkgr~loh okd vdh ihdrliih highofdhbh hdrf~lk~'

gfdrf | fi oiovik bfi m~hbk bf sfgfjhdzh$ Iks slsrfghs rkghd ihs

bfolslkdfs nhsdbksf fd fi dlqfi bf sfgfjhdzh ~fsvirhdrf | fd ~fih'

old h iks iglrfs bf sfgfjhdzh gdlgks fsrhnifolbks h~h bh~ k~

qilbh ih lbfdrlaohold$

Ohrv~h: Knrfdold bf vdh gvfsr~h nlkgr~loh bf vd ldblqlbvk k~gfblk bf vd sfdsk~$

Okldolbfdolh: Bfolsld sfmd ih ovhi vdh gvfsr~h nlkgr~loh | vdhihdrliih highofdhbh ~kqlfdfd bf ih glsgh f~skdh) nhshbh fd fi

hirk m~hbk bf sfgfjhdzh$

Okgh~hold: S~kofsk bf okrfjk bf vdh gvfsr~h nlkgr~loh okd

kr~hs highofdhbhs okd hdrf~lk~lbhb) okd fi ad bf rkgh~ vdh bfolsldskn~f lbfdrlaohold k qf~laohold$


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63 Mikh~lk bf r~gldk ~fiholkdhbk okd ih nlkgfr~h

^fdblglfdrk: k~gh bf gfbl~ ih oh~horf~rloh (s~folld) qfikol'

bhb) fro$, bf vd lrfgh k himk~lrgk nlkgr~lok$

_fdk~: Blsklrlqk xvf okdqlf~rf ik bhrk nlkgr~lok bf fdr~hbh

fd vdh fhi blmlrhi | r~hdglrf frh ldk~ghold hi blsklrlqk bf

s~kofhglfdrk$

_lrfgh nlkgr~lok nlgkbhi: _lrfgh fd fi xvf f vrlilzhd bk

~hmk nlkgr~lok bf blrldrh dhrv~hifzh$

_vsihdrhold: @hnlilbhb sh~h fdmhh~ h vd fdk~ nlkgr~lok | `h'of~ xvf ~fokdkzoh h vd vvh~lk lifmrlgk okgk ifmrlgk (qf~laohold,

k xvf dk fdovfdr~f ih lbfdrlaohold bf vdh sf~kdh xvf f sh~rf bf

ih nhf bf bhrk$

Rhh bf f~~k~ bf hbxvllold (Ahliv~f Rk Hoxvl~f ^hrf,: Sk~ofdrhjf

bf qfof xvf fi lrfgh dk f ohshz bf ohsrv~h~ vdh gvfr~h bf

ohilbhb vaolfdrf sh~h f~ s~kofhbh$

Rhh bf f~~k~ bf ~fmlr~k (Ahliv~f Rk Fd~ki ^hrf,: Sk~ofdrhjf bf ih

sknihold sh~h fi ovhi fi lrfgh nlkgr~lok dk f ohshz bf mfdf~h~

gvfr~h bf ohilbhb vaolfdrf$

Rhh bf ahik dfmhrlqk (Ahif ^fjforlkd ^hrf,: Sk~ofdrhjf bf qf'

of xvf fi lrfgh dk qldovih h vd ldblqlbvk okd v s~kslh sihdrliih

nlkgr~loh fplrfdrf$

Rhh bf ahik sklrlqk (Ahif Hoofsrhdof ^hrf ,: Sk~ofdrhjf bfqfof xvf vd lrfgh qldovih f~~dfhgfdrf h vd ldblqlbvk okd ih

ldk~ghold nlkgr~loh fplrfdrf bf kr~h sf~kdh$

gn~hi: qhik~ dvg~lok vhbk okgk iglrf sh~h bfolbl~ l fi ~fvirh'

bk bf vdh okgsh~hrlqh f okdlbf~hbk vdh okldolbfdolh k dk$

Qvidf~hnlilbhb: Skrfdolhilbhb bf qf~f okgs~kgfrlbk vd lrfgh sk~

vdh horlqlbhb ~hvbvifdrh) bffork bf blfk) f~~k~ bf vk) hoolbfdrf)hiik fd fi `h~b}h~f) k okdblold hgnlfdrhi fprf~dh$


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]fn

_mvfdks h r~hqfs bf:

`rr:++knsf~qhrk~lk$ldrfok$fs

f~ai hofnkke Knsf~qhLDRFOK`rr:++}}}$hofnkke$okg+Knsf~qhLDRFOK

f~ai R}lrrf~ Knsf~qhLDRFOK:`rr:++}}}$r}lrrf~$okg+Knsf~qhLDRFOK

f~ai _o~lnb Knsf~qhLDRFOK:`rr:++}}}$so~lnb$okg+Knsf~qhLDRFOK

Ohdhi kvrvnf Knsf~qhLDRFOK:`rr:++}}}$|kvrvnf$okg+Knsf~qhLDRFOK

ikm bfi Knsf~qhrk~lk bf ih _fmv~lbhb bf ih Ldk~ghold:`rr:++}}}$ldrfok$fs+nikms+ldrfok+_fmv~lbhb+Nikm_fmv~lbhb

Fdqhdks rvs okdsvirhs | okgfdrh~lks h:

knsf~qhrk~lkCldrfok$fs
http://observatorio.inteco.es/http://www.facebook.com/ObservaINTECOhttp://www.twitter.com/ObservaINTECOhttp://www.scribd.com/ObservaINTECOhttp://www.youtube.com/ObservaINTECOhttp://www.inteco.es/blogs/inteco/Seguridad/BlogSeguridad/mailto:obbservatorio%40inteco.es?subject=http://www.inteco.es/blogs/inteco/Seguridad/BlogSeguridad/http://www.youtube.com/ObservaINTECOhttp://www.scribd.com/ObservaINTECOhttp://www.twitter.com/ObservaINTECOhttp://www.facebook.com/ObservaINTECOmailto:obbservatorio%40inteco.es?subject=http://observatorio.inteco.es/


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Okd fi shr~koldlk bf:

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