I . -. .- . . ~:, . . ,,=-. -. :. 2...6....

19
p:; ;: ; .,.: . ; . . k .: *I.. I :. . -. - .- I , , . - % - . . ' ~:, , . . ,,=-. : , :. , , . - 2... . , -.

Transcript of I . -. .- . . ~:, . . ,,=-. -. :. 2...6....

Page 1: I . -. .- . . ~:, . . ,,=-. -. :. 2...6. n~ni~a~~i~dsa~~fliim"auni~dom"iuni~w~uiub~asni~nssii~u~wmiiu ~ouidzs~nfl~~u~n"Lw"~mu11J"u~u "oyfigiii&auiln~ananufini.r" (Convention on the

p:; ;: ; .,.: .;. . k .:

* I . . I :. . - . - . -

I , , . - % - . . ' ~ : , , . . ,,=-. : , :. , , . - 2... . , -.

Page 2: I . -. .- . . ~:, . . ,,=-. -. :. 2...6. n~ni~a~~i~dsa~~fliim"auni~dom"iuni~w~uiub~asni~nssii~u~wmiiu ~ouidzs~nfl~~u~n"Lw"~mu11J"u~u "oyfigiii&auiln~ananufini.r" (Convention on the
Page 3: I . -. .- . . ~:, . . ,,=-. -. :. 2...6. n~ni~a~~i~dsa~~fliim"auni~dom"iuni~w~uiub~asni~nssii~u~wmiiu ~ouidzs~nfl~~u~n"Lw"~mu11J"u~u "oyfigiii&auiln~ananufini.r" (Convention on the
Page 4: I . -. .- . . ~:, . . ,,=-. -. :. 2...6. n~ni~a~~i~dsa~~fliim"auni~dom"iuni~w~uiub~asni~nssii~u~wmiiu ~ouidzs~nfl~~u~n"Lw"~mu11J"u~u "oyfigiii&auiln~ananufini.r" (Convention on the
Page 5: I . -. .- . . ~:, . . ,,=-. -. :. 2...6. n~ni~a~~i~dsa~~fliim"auni~dom"iuni~w~uiub~asni~nssii~u~wmiiu ~ouidzs~nfl~~u~n"Lw"~mu11J"u~u "oyfigiii&auiln~ananufini.r" (Convention on the

w - 9 d~i(uah.mhnufini5 I 6 ~ r i i i n 3 u n i - i m n ~ ~ ~ h u ~ u n a i u a a m a n ~ u ~ $ u a i ~ i ~ ~ a uaanisnriuauu~~a

w d w

n i s h w i d d i ~ i u u I n u i i ~ ~ a d i $ ~ n ~ i u I a u n a i u ~ 9 u l ~ u i ~ s z l ~n~~d~um~d~nd?ubda"uub~uw~i i

uade ~ d a h ~ n a i u ~ ~ a a ~ M ' b ~ i n ~ u n u f i n i s u i n i i bba%psuyqt-au q lXn'i~umiin5nufiniil i~m~ou w 4 d

uiiiCdliaiuisndfiGil6adidAaCd ~6~w in l i i i n i 5Gqqm~sa~nu f i n i s nufinisoa6i-l l j la~A~"5oin

u n G ~ q X u ~ s s s u t ~ ~ X a d i d l s (dul~ddsaai ln. 2559) u u d ~unubn'iodiunu~nisyndr:bnw lmuiuubsnais "uoiinjnufinislu?z5ssuyqzuui"

l M ' ~ ~ d u i u i i 6 qyriub dsasiun~anssunisi i~J~~s5utJq ~ 5 a ~ $ d u a r ; i i t 9 1 5 ~ 1 d ~ 9 ~ d ~ d ? ~ 5 ~ ~ % 1 ; ~

miu$a~auo~auaua~~n~a~iunufini~~~i(uan"unufini~Imum~ Y

- ddba~u(un~adiin~unaba~~iwuadd5aaiau5auw"dnufinis~M'bpiibiuun"u aiuuaawfjsiiind P wm ~ p i i ~ i u u r i u Tmuli~fiandgum a a m n 6 o ~ r i u w ~ n n i s m i u w " u 5 n ~ ~ s a w 1 1 ~ d s a ~ ~ ~ ~ d s ~ ~ ~ f i l ~ u ~ ~ u n i ~

WM'iuynnnrCi?usianisTmuRiG~C~aniwilniu w%im u a ~ ( f i n i l r ~ $ u ~ a d i ~ b ~ ~ a b ~ ~ i ~ ~ $ u n i s < i n " m

Gw5 w w 4

- n ' l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 5 ~ ~ d M ' ~ 2 1 ~ ~ a ~ b ~ / 1 f i ~ ~ i d ~ ~ 9 / 1 ~ i ~ ~ ~ i b $ ~ b b ~ ~ b ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ b b ~ ( ~ i ~ ~ ? nufin15 MYO (6auIanialunis~$15~nsauaunisq~5ssu a a a w ' ~ ~ l i u ~ u i ~ 6 ? u n a i u ~ ~ u 9 ~ 1 u l u n ~ a i ~ i miu~iYnnnis

~ ~ a a u n G q ~ ~ m i u o ~ Z q q i i i 6 a u A ~ ~ n u f i n i ~ $ ~ d ~ a ~ ~ f i ~ ~ u i a u ~ ~ u n i ~ d d v 4

- ~ d a " u u ~ i u n ~ i u ~ n u a ~ y n n u o i n i j ~ "nisail~nsiarn"' n ~ w u ~ w n i ~ w 4 a y w w n n i w (uinl?

yay ~9u t~u~ (?~ iWa1~1~na f1de15~6 .~~~as j ;~b f i ; d~~ l6 ~,duZi "n is~n3uwA" (Empowerment)

"&aiztRni3" (welfare) ~badsj; "n is$unsodni~knu" (Social protection) d a a h s n a i u ~ b u 4 ~ l M '

n+uy n n a n j n d i i l g ~ " a i u i s ~ ~ ~ w i m u ~ a ~ ~ ~ a ~ i i ~ ~ ~ i l u Z ~ n u

- n'iwunlJ?~w'jlM'naiuiaubwfiaCmaa"aRnis ~a9uwgd ~~lnalM'nis(unsa~ni~knu~~t-~ii;n

bui?au am3 (qdaiq (finis u a a ( u i n ~ ~ i - n i u i s n n " i s d ! ~ m ~ 6 a d i d ~ ~ ~ i w uaa(unso~iln;ln'uilA

ynna~dndi?gn~~n?iu~ubbsd~~adf i~ iadid~ib$u55su ~aumaam$d~~n isu ' i~m f iu~bbaaduaui

Page 6: I . -. .- . . ~:, . . ,,=-. -. :. 2...6. n~ni~a~~i~dsa~~fliim"auni~dom"iuni~w~uiub~asni~nssii~u~wmiiu ~ouidzs~nfl~~u~n"Lw"~mu11J"u~u "oyfigiii&auiln~ananufini.r" (Convention on the
Page 7: I . -. .- . . ~:, . . ,,=-. -. :. 2...6. n~ni~a~~i~dsa~~fliim"auni~dom"iuni~w~uiub~asni~nssii~u~wmiiu ~ouidzs~nfl~~u~n"Lw"~mu11J"u~u "oyfigiii&auiln~ananufini.r" (Convention on the
Page 8: I . -. .- . . ~:, . . ,,=-. -. :. 2...6. n~ni~a~~i~dsa~~fliim"auni~dom"iuni~w~uiub~asni~nssii~u~wmiiu ~ouidzs~nfl~~u~n"Lw"~mu11J"u~u "oyfigiii&auiln~ananufini.r" (Convention on the

a E

=G C=

a o 3 5 3 F fl - u-

-5 -a: s C S lp lo 'H a-

3 3 3 -Q 3 g- g (g - - a P C pu a h a6= Q q b q 3 a, aQ b-9 3

-& C '2 3 a - %= Q 5 (6 us 3 " g- E c- Ls 3 a a . P a a Q

c- b 3 5 tt s p a y P ~g 2 cz a e

C

a . S t 3 E s s (s % 3 r 3 -9 S E P a Q ~h aa 5 "5 (2 0s 3 a g -a 5 2 -i= & S 2 so-. a; e c aa n s s ~ m % $ S L E ~ P as 8 a& a a c2 3 Fc g : qs 8 7 s -3

CZ: akq q& . e h a - P C p a L. 2 2 Q B ( 5 2 z tn a- pI a ~ k z CZ: VL.

Q 7S E - 0 % P e & l a a S q f h 4- 9 o -(= a aa 3 ? ' E c1 g 3 g g E a S 3 c e a a - a s s a g c t a r s S e % 3 5 Q a- 3's & g 'g a >3 8 a C Q b Q Q S

';3 Q-

2 3 a P (s

a F

G C

'$ o

i? Q 3 != fl v. yo

-5 a g

$ $ 5 (P

& alp

3 QS

aa

5

2 3 - Q ~ C ; ~ Z ~ P aa G a o a 3s G= a: g aCZ: a f 3 c- aa ag 2 3 3 P cI s -r '2

~ 3 a 2 g s a$ 3, -5 Z 'P

5 as a s P t t ~ ~ r e a 2 2 ~ 3 a 3 3 3 F f c 6 .I., E -s Q 3 G Pa (5 3 ; 3 a g - 5 -23 (5 -E s Q (€$ Z h

= o-. ' = = a 2 9 s (5: a aCZ: &! %$ -s g b- Q s s -r 0; 3 - a-& a ah a a c t t P S - ?i_ f 3 2 % $ ,E

s aa $ 'Js :s a a ' E u B y g 2 - 'E 2 5 O C -- P sqe a ' (t m = _r qg h c-

"q -g h a a n ~ 2 S a - a p s s S b s (s @ a a s s 3 r a & a g I. P Q Q Z " - " F , Q ~ aCZ:CZ:b

2 % . ( s ' h a- qk tt a- a s -s c a- :$ Q o-.

F 5 2 9 ? P C

?

Page 9: I . -. .- . . ~:, . . ,,=-. -. :. 2...6. n~ni~a~~i~dsa~~fliim"auni~dom"iuni~w~uiub~asni~nssii~u~wmiiu ~ouidzs~nfl~~u~n"Lw"~mu11J"u~u "oyfigiii&auiln~ananufini.r" (Convention on the
Page 10: I . -. .- . . ~:, . . ,,=-. -. :. 2...6. n~ni~a~~i~dsa~~fliim"auni~dom"iuni~w~uiub~asni~nssii~u~wmiiu ~ouidzs~nfl~~u~n"Lw"~mu11J"u~u "oyfigiii&auiln~ananufini.r" (Convention on the
Page 11: I . -. .- . . ~:, . . ,,=-. -. :. 2...6. n~ni~a~~i~dsa~~fliim"auni~dom"iuni~w~uiub~asni~nssii~u~wmiiu ~ouidzs~nfl~~u~n"Lw"~mu11J"u~u "oyfigiii&auiln~ananufini.r" (Convention on the
Page 12: I . -. .- . . ~:, . . ,,=-. -. :. 2...6. n~ni~a~~i~dsa~~fliim"auni~dom"iuni~w~uiub~asni~nssii~u~wmiiu ~ouidzs~nfl~~u~n"Lw"~mu11J"u~u "oyfigiii&auiln~ananufini.r" (Convention on the
Page 13: I . -. .- . . ~:, . . ,,=-. -. :. 2...6. n~ni~a~~i~dsa~~fliim"auni~dom"iuni~w~uiub~asni~nssii~u~wmiiu ~ouidzs~nfl~~u~n"Lw"~mu11J"u~u "oyfigiii&auiln~ananufini.r" (Convention on the

a

a yo

a

&

a F

G C

'8 o

Z , a F s : -5 a= a ;;na 5- iz yo

& 'yo

2 '5

aa

3

c= ;;s L ,g3" s % 2 a &a> $ Q aa 3% a s S 2 : k c

D F k s j s 2 1 z 5 F % 9" 3 5 a = & -6 - " C I,- - 3 = & P a &g

a P P &a> c Z ~ g 3 F I,-

q ~ a g 3 &a = (I,- 3 2 = 6 a 3 2 3 a:

f l - t aC aa g $? 5 g - q g 2 f ,, C aa 3 as - a " I,- 2 g -,E

P a- & p

3 % G $ s E P 'a- E E a s s F F 5 q Q n

yo C c as 2

'yo

F T C

% VZ s C C a C

? Og -m

Page 14: I . -. .- . . ~:, . . ,,=-. -. :. 2...6. n~ni~a~~i~dsa~~fliim"auni~dom"iuni~w~uiub~asni~nssii~u~wmiiu ~ouidzs~nfl~~u~n"Lw"~mu11J"u~u "oyfigiii&auiln~ananufini.r" (Convention on the
Page 15: I . -. .- . . ~:, . . ,,=-. -. :. 2...6. n~ni~a~~i~dsa~~fliim"auni~dom"iuni~w~uiub~asni~nssii~u~wmiiu ~ouidzs~nfl~~u~n"Lw"~mu11J"u~u "oyfigiii&auiln~ananufini.r" (Convention on the

6. n ~ n i ~ a ~ ~ i ~ d s a ~ ~ f l i i m " a u n i ~ d o m " i u n i ~ w ~ u i u b ~ a s n i ~ n s s i i ~ u ~ w m i i u

~ouidzs~nfl~~u~n"Lw"~mu11J"u~u "oyfigiii&auiln~ananufini.r" (Convention on the

Riqhts of Persons with Disabilities : CRPD) u o P a M d 5 s l I v I R (United Nation) ~d o i u d 2 9 v u u d nsngimu rr.fl.2551 ~ariiwpltaucnulus 28 ii~~1n1.1 W.R. 2551 $4 co 2 ~ ~ a ~ ~ o y ~ ~ ~ i i i ~ a u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

muGmsn liiijuiuhii " n i s l o n d ~ u 3 n - r i s ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ v i ~ m a i u ~ n i ~ ~ MUIUBP naiu~mndi~ ni.iiimiYu

M ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ U $ ~ ; I U P I O P ~ I ~ I ~ G ~ I ~ ~ P ~ ~ ~ I U ~ P ~ ~ : : ~ P ~ ' M ~ E ) ~ P W ~ I M " L ~ U ~ I ~ L ~ E ) ~ L ~ ~ M ? D ~ I I W ~ ~ W ~ " 3 r kni3uouiu nisg~nn~?oniztd~~5u~wuv~~ns~a~ni~.u'u~u,5iuM"~dailuu~u;iu#~vii~~uun"u

ynnaluIun"iunis~So;1 ~~13'69ftq ~ P A U kui i~su naiu~~~wnlfio~~~om"iulu ~ a u i i a n i ~ ~ ~ o n ~ ~ u ~ i

Iuy nlduuu

l n u i i ~ ~ n i n m ~ r i i ~ ~ d . ~ " ~ ~ ~ u o y ~ ~ ~ i u " Ro

(1) n i ~ ~ n i ~ ~ l l ~ ~ n f f ~ i j ~ ~ ] . ~ m u ~ ~ ~ ni~oIJlm"m"aumu~a~ maom-au ~a~niwIuni~~mYuP~1

Jonm"aumu~oil uasnaiu~9uZsssusaynma

(2) niilridnndad

(3) niriiziauiau ~~asnizo$ukmu

(4) msmisrrIumaiuumndi.~ uaanisuau~unuGnisii~9u~auwwd~uo~maiu

wnin~aiuua~uywBu~~uy~u"1112

(5) maiu~ii~iuun"uIu~onia

(6) ~ I ~ L ' U Y ~ ~ P

Page 16: I . -. .- . . ~:, . . ,,=-. -. :. 2...6. n~ni~a~~i~dsa~~fliim"auni~dom"iuni~w~uiub~asni~nssii~u~wmiiu ~ouidzs~nfl~~u~n"Lw"~mu11J"u~u "oyfigiii&auiln~ananufini.r" (Convention on the

unuinaasignid

d s z ~ w f i I w u ~ h ~ 8 u n i A v a ~ a y a " ~ q i CRPD ~ n u n i i l r i L u i u ' u ~ i a i u d 29 nsnainu 2551

~ a ~ w a ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ d ~ z ~ w f i ~ w u 6 a ~ d ~ u ~ m i u . ~ " o n " i ~ u m 1 u o y a " ~ ~ i k ~ ~ ~ i a " u ~ 28 B.IMIRU 2551 ~fIu6uld

n i ~ ~ ~ u ~ n i f f ~ ~ i i ~ u i a d s : : ~ w ~ d u m ~ z ~ ~ n a ' i ~ n i ~ ~ a " a n e ] j G Z ~ o n u G n i ~ 5 ~ n " ez6oanisw 9 d e 4 - 0 l p w 4

~unso~una2ws~w~uut;nufinis~9/ii~iuun"u~nna&aIe] uanoincqzl-rGnisdQumhq; d c:

1. ~nl~oz~od~ iMumM~audiu?Uim"IIo~~a"n (Focal Point) 1,wo~duna~nd3zaludiunin?~ a d guad~zuuwaCuayunisii~Gu~iu l u n i n d a u i u q uazdszmdwulEi~i~u~IGn~zwsa~nisw"oMui

u a m a i u ~ u n ~ u a ~ u y w u ' ~ ~ u ~ ~ a ~ ~ i u ~ u i m ~ a ~ ~ a " n m i ~ a y a " ~ ~ ~ a C u ~

2. ~ n i f f o ~ 6 o ~ o ' n ~ ~ l n s ~ a ~ i ~ n i ~ l u ~daa~~a?uf i f ln r juaz~mmiun isd jGZmiua~a"~~i d 9- u d d aCu'ud ~ d u knru~n~sun~~n~~um~u iw~nuan"uoya"~~ i ~muiiodi~sznoudui~in~nninaiau

3. ?~niRs~biatd~~a3unisGdauiauuaani~dsz~ia"anu'imu1,awimuGnis uaao~insuaa

nu~nislG5aiauiauah~~u~unisRmmiuni~i i~~u~iu

Page 17: I . -. .- . . ~:, . . ,,=-. -. :. 2...6. n~ni~a~~i~dsa~~fliim"auni~dom"iuni~w~uiub~asni~nssii~u~wmiiu ~ouidzs~nfl~~u~n"Lw"~mu11J"u~u "oyfigiii&auiln~ananufini.r" (Convention on the

d w 4 nimanau nis iunuGnis~~i i i~ iumiu~maau~nQ~uiun'~~u( i l nucu~onauuitriau'vI~n~~ud$oz P W

d~ummuqwuiu ~Sum"u ~~si :az8uni~n?i~ imdi~nbmu~iw"~~~~auo~ina iudin"q"uo~nuGnis~?~

dii ind~~"naiu~unsodmiu?~bssu~q~u ~u7d~bu?(im~uunaiu banuidsi; (compassion) aijoulu

elm ~?;ghad~u~~?iu(ums~dnu~nismiub~ua6mbbuu~w~ (right) uazid~dnii;u?~sssu~~bb~id

maoinQnsInu ynaanna 2560 ~ ~ u d ~ i ' v ~ u m ~ ~ ~ ~ u ~ ~ d ~ i d " u o ~ ~ g d ~ i c i i ~ ~ ~ ~ u ~

?~assurgquvi~siaoimiQnslwu y nadinsia 2560 1jln"doin5uigsssu;~ 7 dliaiic

uimnssulwrilmunisn'iwumwIr"id"u~~Y;g $uuiluwuamd 5 danisriiiiduiadsznislu?;g5ssu;qau"u v d w riouuirilunuinsg ~~wal~?;gr;io~djdbufiiidszaiauw3o~iidaul~~~uuidunio~iinE bvrsiz

v d d w P w a v d v I

~4uwuinnsgosLaw'td j d ~ i n Q g l i d ~ d ~ i o ~ ~ i C i u a z ~ 3 " u n i s s ~ ~ ' ~ m ~ u i w I m aswalp;i~&ln"iidnE 3

119 7 ~ocdszaiauod~?unis(umso~uin"uun"au

Page 18: I . -. .- . . ~:, . . ,,=-. -. :. 2...6. n~ni~a~~i~dsa~~fliim"auni~dom"iuni~w~uiub~asni~nssii~u~wmiiu ~ouidzs~nfl~~u~n"Lw"~mu11J"u~u "oyfigiii&auiln~ananufini.r" (Convention on the

?awn wain. (u.d.d.1. n i ~ i u d o n d j ~ s l i u f j ~ ~ ~ 8 1 ~ ~ . Bu6u 21 ila~inu 2560 o i n

www.stat.ago.go.th/u~~3iuas~?"u/u~~%201.htrn

~n3odiunufini.i~u '%%I' t ~ n % ~ ' d n u f i n i . r ~ a a ~ a ~ ~ ~ u . (2559). i iuh 22 &MIPIU 2560 a in

https://prachatai.com/journaV2016/02/63991

9% iinlauiqn. (27 wqwi~lu 2553). ~ I S U S S U I U ~ L ~ ~ W doa Y n i . i t $ m n i ~ ~ ~ o n d j % ~ ~ ~ ~ i b ~ u sH9 d assueioau6ni.i : n~nuiuu~ziii~pusl1~o~aiu~3u~s~ulu~a~u~. Bu6u 21 Ba~inu 2560

9 i n http://dep.go.th/law/file/document 1 .doc

MW@ LRU~?. (2555). R D U ~ 6 ansuoa 'nufini.rl sliungnuiuszniiad.izm. 3u6u 23 3sninu

2560 https://www.13nr.org/posts/519407 v u a w d

urinws lnsqnd. (2559). nvaiu: 15fIn3auGni.ilu lu'iia.rau4L' un1tr.igrmu.m 4adrn.iid9.

3 ~ 6 ~ 22 ~awinu 2560 9 in https://prachatai.com/journaV2016/04/65469

d5zAwi ~ a ? q l n u ~ i . (u.d.d.) n.i.iunisfIn3uywu"tluu~a~ii ~n3uoanufinir 3u6u 21

i la~inu 2560 o in

http://www.n hrc.or.th/cjetattachmenV5a7f6 l d b-a 137-4230-9966- c72d09def8a l/.aspx

fivind L~~RMOU. (u.d.d.). ~ D P ~ Y ~ ~ U ~ ~ U I I U : ~aiu~uoni~~~:ni . i l i~ i iandju%. 3u6u 21

%MI~U 2560 oinhttp://www. prd.go.th/download/article/article - 201407231 125 18.pdf

5% qyviuf lu 3 duf~(Li Eld-~a3zliw-diuio fui isiganuy~. (28 nsnqimu 2559).

uip~uooulfid.

"igas.iurtqdasianimi~n~~nu~~~u~iubm'u ( o ~ u d 1) ynaansia 2548" (11 nsnginu 2558).

siai isoiy~unwi, ~ d u 122 moud 55

"~as.ruyqdssiaoi~i$ns\nu y ~ b h s i a 2550" (24 i is~ inu 2550). s i " t l i i ~ ~ i q ~ ~ n ~ , ~ f i ~ 124

m o d 47 n

~igassuyryuvissiaoi~i~nsl~u yna f i s i a 2560" (6 ~ u m u u 2560). siaiiwiq~unwi, ~a'u 134

mnui 40 n

s~duuaniani.ito'nni.ib~~nd~%'b61u~i~~u~.i.iu~o~u~ni.i. (u.d.d.) a u h 21 ihmnu 2560 9 W

Qin w w w . k k n o n t a t . c o m / w p - c o n t e n ~ u ~ l o a d s / 2 0 1 ~ . d o c

h~nciu~nui~nisani~~~wusiv~s . (2560). ~ I O ~ u d v u i g s s . ~ ~ ~ ~ 3 2540-2550 UR~~JJ .~ .~U~[L I

S 2560. dirinmsfiuw': n7;nnwT

4 ~ 5 5 1 ?JULQ?(II. (2559). ~ld~f in15&~~ldt3~ Y b ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 6 n l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 9 ~ ~ 5 ~ . i ~ ~ Q 9 ' .

$u6u 22 fh~ inu 2560 a in http://c1ick.senate.3o.th/?p=16647

Page 19: I . -. .- . . ~:, . . ,,=-. -. :. 2...6. n~ni~a~~i~dsa~~fliim"auni~dom"iuni~w~uiub~asni~nssii~u~wmiiu ~ouidzs~nfl~~u~n"Lw"~mu11J"u~u "oyfigiii&auiln~ananufini.r" (Convention on the

aiuun' ui~iii. (2553). nir%on~~GT,~uld16u~rruoio "tlulajfinir". i luh 21 2a~inu 2560 oin

httpV/public-law.neVpublaw/view.aspx?id=1800