Índice Perspectivas para 2018 - Setor de Telecomunicações ... · mais um ano que se inicia....

BOLETIM SEMANAL RESERVADO

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BS N° 01/18

SEMANA: 01/01/18 a 12/01/18

ASSUNTOS:

PROBLEMAS DE SEGURANÇA NOS PROCESSADORES DA INTEL TECNOLOGIAS QUE MUDARÃO SUA VIDA EM 2018

COMPARTILHAMETO DE ESPECTRO NOTA: OS ÍTENS EM VERMELHO INDICAM TEMA NOVO OU ALTERAÇÃO EM ITEM DE EDIÇÕES ANTERIORES.

01.COMENTÁRIO GERAL DA SEMANA

Índice

Perspectivas para 2018 - Setor de Telecomunicações no Brasil Investimentos no Setor de Telecomunicações

Redes “críticas” do STFC Plano Nacional de Banda Larga

Novo Modelo de Prestação de Serviços de Telecomunicações O caso Oi

Termos de Ajustamento de Conduta – TAC TELEBRAS e o SGDC

Universalização dos Serviços de Telecomunicações 4G e Implantação das Redes na Faixa de 700 MHz

Compartilhamento de Infraestrutura 5G e Internet das Coisas O Espectro de Radiofrequências e sua Gestão

Marco Civil da Internet Agenda Regulatória da Anatel

O Papel das Agências Reguladoras

Requerimento de Convocação de AGE Homologado o Plano de Recuperação Judicial da Oi

Decisão de Agência Reguladora só pode ser revogada se for ilegal

Nesta semana o BS selecionou para registro e comentários os tópicos que seguem abaixo:


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Perspectivas para 2018 - Setor de Telecomunicações no Brasil

Ano Novo: motivação para ações positivas

O BS não se furtará à praxe usual de se fazerem projeções em relação ao que poderá acontecer em mais um ano que se inicia. Sempre ficam as expectativas de se realizar “nos novos tempos” aquilo que não se conseguiu no passado. Isto é interessante, pois permite criar um ambiente favorável para o desenvolvimento de ações positivas. Pelo menos, até que a rotina retome o seu lugar no dia a dia das atividades e tudo volte a ser como era antes.

Esta é uma possibilidade que o BS gostaria de descartar logo no parágrafo inicial deste texto, do primeiro BS de 2018. Então, a primeira meta para 2018, seria procurar fugir da rotina e olhar para a frente com ares inovadores; com determinação de mudar; sem medos de correr riscos. Parafraseando o poeta: “sem medo de ser feliz!”

Ano de Eleições Nacionais...fator complicador

Reconhece-se que não se trata de uma tarefa fácil. Além das dificuldades naturais, 2018 é particularmente pouco propício a iniciativas desta natureza. É um ano de eleições nacionais. Um momento marcante para a política e para os políticos em qualquer País. No Brasil não será diferente. O BS não vai se alongar sobre esta questão, pois os seus leitores estão a par das circunstâncias que embasam esta constatação.

O fato real é que a partir da definição do resultado das eleições, em 02/10/2018, no primeiro turno, ou, mais provavelmente no segundo turno, em 30/10/2018, abrem-se amplos caminhos para uma nova etapa da História do Brasil.

Certamente haverá impactos na economia e ocorrerão desdobramentos políticos que, assim se espera, alavancarão uma tomada de posição para inserir o País no processo de avanços acelerados pelos quais passam as nações mais desenvolvidas do Planeta.

A situação está com razoável nível de indefinição

Ocorre que, no momento, o ambiente está suficientemente “embaralhado” para se ter uma ideia mais precisa do que está por vir. Há uma polarização razoável da sociedade em relação a determinados temas – o da corrupção na administração pública é o mais evidente – e não está suficientemente claro que os eleitores terão as condições (ou o discernimento) necessárias para fazer boas escolhas ao colocarem seu voto nas urnas.

Na verdade, em determinadas situações as opções oferecidas ao eleitor deixam a desejar e ele acaba por votar mais por obrigação do que por convicção. Nestas circunstâncias, deixa-se de empregar uma das características importantes de uma eleição: o “voto consciente”! Portanto, sobre este aspecto, são fundamentais as decisões dos Partidos Políticos em relação aos candidatos que submeterão ao escrutínio dos eleitores.


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Mas, há indícios de melhorias

Feita esta rápida digressão, é de se esperar que no transcurso do ano a maior parte das atenções dos integrantes dos Poderes Executivo e Legislativo estejam voltadas para este importante evento. Além disso há as naturais dificuldades da conjuntura econômico e financeira desfavorável pela qual passa o País as quais, felizmente, estão sendo superadas de modo satisfatório, estancando uma sequência de medidas inconsequentes praticadas no passado, com graves repercussões na economia.

Desta forma, tenderão a ficar para um segundo plano decisões estruturais relacionadas com os graves problemas de infraestrutura que assolam a Nação, inclusive no Setor de Telecomunicações, o objeto maior das considerações do BS.

Posição honesta do BS: não devem ocorrer grandes mudanças

Então, como colocação inicial e posicionando-se de forma que considera honesta, o BS não tem expectativas fundamentadas de que possam ocorrer grandes mudanças ou transformações em relação àquilo que tem sido a rotina do Setor nos anos recentes. E, isto não deixa de ser preocupante, pois é evidente que ele não evoluiu como deveria neste período.

Esta é uma questão relevante em um contexto que exige decisões e posicionamentos que não deixem margem de dúvidas capazes de inibir as decisões dos principais Players que atuam no Setor e de outros que, eventualmente, se interessarem em dele participar. As regras claras e a previsibilidade de sua aplicação são fatores essenciais para a tomada de decisões; quanto a isto a questão é consensual.

Quem estará no “comando das ações”?

Mas, tão importante quanto o conceito e o consenso, é saber quem estará “comandando as ações” de forma a se completar o quadro analítico sobre a previsibilidade dos rumos a serem trilhados pelo País. Diante das incertezas, pode-se deduzir o quão sensível será o ambiente no qual as ações transcorrerão em 2018 e as dificuldades para a tomada de decisões, por quem pretende empreender sem correr riscos que não sejam os naturais do “negócio”.

Há um longo e preocupante período de transição pela frente

E, não há como ignorar que em qualquer circunstância haverá um período de transição seja qual for o governo que vier a assumir a Administração do País. Neste período também estará assumindo um novo Congresso Nacional que, segundo os analistas políticos, deverá ser consideravelmente renovado.

Então, a situação objetiva é que haverá um lapso de tempo substancial (da ordem de 15 a 18 meses a partir de agora) com incertezas gerais ou localizadas que contribuirão para uma certa acomodação (expectativa!) na tomada de decisões.


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O Setor de Telecomunicações não pode ficar estagnado

Mas, é evidente que o Setor não pode ficar tão longo período esperando os acontecimentos; o País não ficará parado. Aliás, há esperanças de que ele retome níveis de crescimento substanciais em relação ao que vinha ocorrendo nos últimos anos como já ocorreu em 2017. Mesmo com o processo eleitoral em andamento e com seus desdobramentos na linha do que está sendo comentado.

Assim, independentemente do que aconteça na política as forças e os agentes do Setor (no caso a referência são as Telecomunicações) devem atuar para superar os eventuais entraves e a ausência de uma maior clareza de propósitos por parte do governo – que estará inibido de fazê-lo ou não terá credibilidade suficiente por estar no seu final - para se concentrar no “negócio” e no “mercado”.

Menos Governo, mais ação...

Aliás, há teorias que propõem o mínimo de ingerência do governo no “negócio”, deixando mais livres e soltas as “forças de mercado” como condição recomendável para o sucesso das suas iniciativas, porque assim agindo reduzem-se as possibilidades de “atrapalhar” o processo.

Então, quem sabe não seja este um fator que possa ser “manobrado” de forma favorável, pelo menos em relação a projetos nos quais o envolvimento direto ou indireto do governo não seja essencial.

Sempre haverá o convívio com as questões legais e regulatórias, um dos aspectos dos quais o Governo não pode abrir mão, ainda que possa tornar mais racional seu envolvimento, através dos Organismo próprios, no cumprimento da sua missão institucional.

As Empresas Prestadoras de Serviços não podem se omitir neste momento

Mas é fato real que posicionamentos conservadores e maiores cuidados das Prestadoras nas suas operações, tendem a mitigar ou eliminar possíveis riscos quanto a este aspecto que, assim, não se constituiriam em motivo de preocupações adicionais. Esta é uma responsabilidade que deve ser atribuída às Empresas, em particular à sua Administração Executiva, que dela não pode se omitir.

Em síntese, o BS coloca um cenário de dificuldades para se “entender” o contexto do País durante o ano corrente, portanto desfavorável para avaliações e tomada de decisões com impactos diretos na atuação das Empresas, e prováveis reflexos nas suas decisões de novos investimentos; pautadas nas estratégias técnicas, operacionais e comerciais, de curto, médio e longo prazo.

Ignorando as circunstâncias e “bola pra frente”!

Contudo, as perspectivas de a realidade do dia a dia “ignorar as circunstâncias” e o País evoluir à margem das incertezas políticas não devem ser desprezadas. Esta possibilidade é a que mais interessa ao Setor e todos os esforços devem ser feitos para que as ações levem em conta esta avaliação.


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Na sequência, o BS coloca de forma sintética aquelas que considera as principais questões a serem, de um modo ou outro, objeto das maiores atenções do Setor em 2018.

Algumas, obviamente, são continuidade de ações originadas em 2017 e, mesmo, em anos anteriores. Outras são postas por estarem aderentes aos desenvolvimentos tecnológicos e à realidade de prestação dos Serviços que se vislumbra para os anos próximos. Outras, são conceituais e envolvem medidas estruturais essenciais para a expansão e modernização da infraestrutura que suporta as atividades do Setor de Telecomunicações no País.

Investimentos no Setor de Telecomunicações

Investimentos vultosos...discussões burocráticas pouco ajudam

Este é o primeiro e, na visão do BS, o ponto mais importante ressaltar. O Setor de Telecomunicações precisa de investimentos vultosos para poder atender às necessidades dos cidadãos, do governo, e do setor produtivo do Brasil. Pouco adianta alimentar discussões sobre este ou aquele aspecto do processo burocrático da prestação dos serviços e das ações regulatórias, se os investimentos não ocorrerem nos níveis demandados e nas aplicações essenciais.

O BS tem reiterado à exaustão a necessidade de se alcançar um patamar de investimentos no Setor de Telecomunicações da ordem de US$20 bilhões anuais, ou algo em torno de R$60 bilhões, durante os próximos 10 anos. Uma cifra quase 3 vezes superior às médias históricas anuais dos últimos anos praticadas no Setor.

A difícil realidade a perseguir

Na percepção de hoje trata-se de uma utopia. Mas o tratamento que deve ser dado ao assunto não pode ser utópico. É uma realidade palpável cuja consecução deve ser perseguida de modo persistente, obstinado, e sem tréguas. Em palavras simples e sem rodeios: deve ser a prioridade Nº 1, no rol de prioridades dos que tem a responsabilidade de conduzir os destinos do Setor de Telecomunicações no País.

O BS considera que – dentro da legalidade – todas as ações são válidas desde que delas resultem investimentos produtivos em infraestrutura, em tecnologia, em inovação no Setor de Telecomunicações, de forma garantida, continuada, e em consonância com os reais interesses dos usuários, e do interesse público, nos seus aspectos gerais.

Legado negativo do passado deve ser compensado e um futuro de crescimento

A justificativa mais simples para este contundente posicionamento decorre, como já foi dito, da insuficiência de investimentos no passado e dos exigidos no futuro. Portanto, há um “legado” negativo a ser equacionado e compensado. Por outro lado, é inquestionável o crescimento do tráfego de dados nas Redes e do número de usuários. Se algo muito expressivo não for feito, os gargalos se tornarão insuperáveis em futuro não muito longínquo.


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O Setor de Telecomunicações não admite “racionamentos”

Como é inviável no Setor de Telecomunicações haver o “racionamento” do produto ou do serviço ofertado, ou o “rodízio” de uso, como ocorre em outras situações bem conhecidas dos leitores, o resultado será a continua degradação dos serviços, com as consequências funestas já experimentadas pela maioria dos usuários em tempos passados.

Investimentos não “caem dos céus”

Investimentos não “caem dos céus” como maná divino, para utilizar simbolicamente uma linguagem bíblica. Eles são “atraídos”, “impulsionados”, “alavancados”, “estimulados”, para mencionar algumas palavras que qualifiquem as ações do Governo, direta ou indiretamente, para viabilizar sua materialização.

No caso das Telecomunicações o MCTIC e a Anatel são as Entidades mais diretamente relacionadas com a questão. É delas que dependem ações com o propósito em foco. Claro que, no final, as Empresas é que deverão materializar tais ações e efetivamente levantar e aplicar os recursos financeiros envolvidos. Portanto, o bom senso indica que o trabalho deve ser desenvolvido da forma mais próxima possível entre o Governo e os Agentes operacionais do processo.

Governo e Iniciativa Privada de “mãos dadas”...mais do que um desejo

Este aspecto está sendo enfatizado pelo BS para reforçar a ideia de que o Regulador e as Operadoras, não têm, necessariamente, de estar em campos opostos. Aquele, fiscalizando, exercendo o “Poder de Polícia” e sendo impiedoso na aplicação de sanções, e estas atuando na defensiva, com margens limitadas para exercer sua criatividade, constantemente preocupadas com o “controle”, com a “supervisão”, com a “incerteza”, quem sabe, até com algum “descomprometimento” do Agente Público no cumprimento de suas obrigações institucionais.

Pelo aumento de investimentos, a atuação “conjunta” deve ser estimulada. Governo e Iniciativa Privada devem andar de “mãos dadas” em relação a este aspecto. Naturalmente, respeitando-se as boas regras de conduta, a transparência, a honestidade de propósitos, o tratamento isonômico e não favorecido, tudo com o objetivo de melhor atender os consumidores e o interesse público, do qual o Estado deve ser o guardião permanente.

É fundamental estabelecer Programas de Governo Setoriais bem estruturados

Pode ser questionado que os investimentos na forma colocada e nos níveis propostos seriam a consequência natural de Estratégias e Programas de Governo bem definidos e estruturados. Alguns, podem defender que sem eles a viabilidade para o seu desenvolvimento fica comprometida. Isto é verdade.

Mas, como tais Programas tradicionalmente – pelo menos no Brasil - não costumam estar calcados, de forma clara e objetiva, em documentos de Planejamento Estratégico e Tático preliminarmente elaborados, a conclusão é que se deve atuar de acordo com o que se tem e não com o que se


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desejaria ter. E, o que se tem, via de regra, é tão somente um Decreto ou uma Portaria estabelecendo este o aquele Programa.

Portanto, o BS, posicionando-se que deve haver mudanças nos procedimentos, ou seja, o Decreto ou a Portaria devem refletir os aspectos profundamente estudados e avaliados de cada Programa, defende que este aspecto seja superado e se encontrem formas de estimular os investimentos, dentro da “velha maneira” de trabalhar, sem prejuízo dos “aperfeiçoamentos” necessários que devem ocorrer ao longo do processo, neste e nos próximos anos.

Redes “críticas” do STFC

Este item é colocado logo na sequência dos “investimentos” porque ele simboliza na prática boa parte das considerações feitas no tópico anterior, relacionado com a necessidade de investimentos no Setor.

Redes “críticas”... Redes “sucateadas”... Bens Reversíveis...uma situação conturbada

Estas “Redes críticas do STFC” antes de serem algo desprezível, na verdade estão no centro de inúmeras discussões – várias delas com foco inoportuno e estéril – por se tratar de algo relacionado com a “Concessão” e por representarem “Bens” que têm um tratamento específico no contexto dos chamados “Bens Reversíveis”, ou seja, que ao término da Concessão “revertem” para o Estado. Na verdade, a palavra “crítica” pode ser entendida, na grande maioria dos casos, como “sucateada”1.

Está se falando das Redes de Acesso implantadas com a antiga tecnologia de Cabos de Fios de Cobre, que, em alguns casos, suportam, além do Telefone, os Acessos de Banda Larga Fixa com o emprego de dispositivos genericamente denominados xDSL.

Como os leitores do BS estão a par esta tecnologia (denominada genericamente como “legada”) foi a base, por mais de um Século, para a prestação do Serviço Fixo de Telefonia, em residências, escritórios, fábricas, órgãos de governo, locais públicos, etc. Nos últimos tempos, e, ainda hoje em fase de desuso, também é utilizada nos Serviços de Banda Larga Fixa, conforme antes mencionado.

Fibras Ópticas são a solução..., mas há problemas de implantação, os custos são elevados e a regulação não ajuda

Já a partir do final do Século XX as fibras ópticas se apresentaram como a solução natural para substituir estas redes legadas. Mas, algumas dificuldades de implantação e, principalmente, de

1 No caso, o termo “sucateada” é a expressão que melhor se ajusta a uma situação em que as providências para colocar o recurso em condições operacionais normais demandaria esforços e custos desproporcionais, sendo mais viável a sua substituição por um outro recurso novo, do mesmo tipo ou com outras características, mas que se preste aos mesmos propósitos operacionais, de modo ajustado à realidade tecnológica e operacional do momento e com perspectivas de vida útil mais alongada.


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custos, resultaram em retardos que acabaram por estender os períodos em que a substituição será completada. Atualmente, na maioria dos países ainda não há datas fixadas para que isto ocorra, e os estágios de atuação diferem substancialmente entre os diversos casos.

No Brasil, a situação não é das melhores

No Brasil, infelizmente, a situação não é das melhores. Pode-se afirmar que é bastante crítica, agravada pela particular situação empresarial da Oi. Ela é a Operadora que tem o maior volume desse tipo de Rede, distribuída por praticamente todo o País, com exceção do Estado de S. Paulo, onde a operação pertence à Telefônica Vivo.

Na verdade, a Oi paga atualmente um preço elevado por não ter realizado os investimentos devidos no passado, na manutenção adequada destas redes. Também não foi feliz nas expansões, de maneira geral realizadas de modo precário2. Muito provavelmente, os custos de manutenção das redes, na situação atual, são bem mais elevados do que o seriam se elas estivessem em condições tecnicamente normais.

As fotos que dizem tudo...

O BS em edições anteriores fez referência a este fato e mostrou alguns exemplos de situações que refletem cruelmente tal situação. Para lembrar, são reproduzidas na sequência fotos que visualmente dizem muito mais claramente o que se está tentando fazer com palavras.

2 As fotografias oferecem uma ideia geral do que está se tentando dizer. Nas dificuldades de se instalarem redes de cabos devidamente estruturadas, em prazos exigidos pela regulamentação, a Empresa parece ter decidido por soluções mais ligeiras temporárias que, no entanto, acabaram por se perpetuar.


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Fotos de Rede Aérea de Acesso na Região da Barra da Tijuca e Linha Amarela, na Cidade do Rio de Janeiro (FOTOS DO BS)

A situação refletida nas fotos é observada em muitos outros pontos da cidade do Rio de Janeiro e, de modo geral, em todas as grandes cidades do País.

É óbvio que não se trata de situações minimamente viáveis e os reflexos na prestação dos serviços são indiscutíveis. As possibilidades de expansão, em situações deste tipo são complicadas e, até descabidas. As consequências na qualidade e confiabilidade na prestação dos Serviços são inevitáveis.

Como se pode, por exemplo, fazer ampliações ou intervenções para correções nas Redes existentes, em situações como as acima apontadas, sem a execução de profundas intervenções que, necessariamente, passam pela utilização de galerias subterrâneas de uso comum, em lugar dos postes supercarregados de forma absolutamente desorganizada?

Vale gastar recursos financeiros escassos em sistemas obsoletos?

Com a tecnologia legada, apresenta-se a inviabilidade prática de gastar-se recursos substanciais em algo que é obsoleto. É como se praticasse uma “maquiagem” para atender a uma situação de vida curta. Isto teria justificativa no passado e, até, havia previsão para tanto porque as perspectivas de vida útil eram bem maiores; mas, o trabalho não foi realizado!


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A nova tecnologia (fibras ópticas) é a solução natural e, certamente, obrigatória. Mas, os recursos necessários pressupõem a construção de uma Rede completamente nova. Os custos envolvidos são bastante expressivos. E, então, vem à tona a questão da prioridade dos investimentos ressaltada no item anterior. E de um planejamento adequado para construir essa nova rede do futuro de características perenes.

Este assunto não devia estar aqui: mas, como não o ignorar?

Este tópico, em situação normal não deveria estar sendo comentado. Mas ele não foi devidamente equacionado no passado. Então, ele surge no elenco de temas para 2018, não só pelos aspectos apresentados, mas, pelas suas conexões com a questão dos Bens Reversíveis vinculados à Concessão do STFC. Um tema reconhecidamente árduo e polêmico que as pessoas, via de regra, não gostam de ter pela frente.

Esta discussão tem sido desenvolvida com base em pressupostos ligeiros que não levam em consideração o real estágio do desenvolvimento das redes, em boa parte completamente degradada. São motivados mais por fundamentos patrimonialistas do que pela funcionalidade dos meios que, obviamente, estão defasados e, em diversos casos imprestáveis, em relação ao seu uso na prestação dos serviços.

A valorização excessiva

E, neste aspecto, as conclusões também são ligeiras quando se anuncia com convicção não ajustada à realidade dos fatos, que essas Redes “críticas” (sucateadas) têm valor patrimonial astronômico - na casa das dezenas de bilhões de Reais - que seria uma “moeda de troca” utilizada pelo Governo em negociações que envolvam “troca de obrigações” com as Concessionárias que utilizam tais Redes. Estas, na verdade, pertencem ou não ao Estado, dependendo do enfoque da análise e dos interesses particulares de quem está fazendo as avaliações.

Portanto, a recuperação, inovação ou substituição de tais ativos envolve dispêndios das Empresas, mas os Bens não seriam de sua propriedade, devendo retornar à Concessão, quando ela terminar, no caso, em 2025 ³3. E, em tempos de recursos escassos e situações empresariais débeis, merece questionar a lógica de se gastar em “melhorar a sucata” em lugar de construir o novo e definitivo.

E, mesmo em tal lógica sendo favorável, há as dificuldades de as Empresas justificarem para seus acionistas que estão empregando recursos em um patrimônio que dentro de pouco tempo será repassado para o Estado (fim da Concessão em 2025). Uma visão de possível ressarcimento futuro não ameniza este julgamento.

3 O BS considera que a reversão ao Estado é devida ao final do período da Concessão.


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A questão da obrigatoriedade de compartilhamento das redes de acesso

E, por fim, o problema dos problemas: justificar que estão sendo utilizados recursos em infraestrutura cuja utilização, por imposições regulatórias, deve ser compartilhada com todas as Prestadoras que dela desejarem fazer uso, em condições comerciais isonômicas praticadas pela proprietária da mesma.

Em palavras claras: construir Redes para estimular uma Operadora a se organizar para competir diretamente, com pouco ou nenhum investimento, com aquela que fez os investimentos. E, em um ambiente no qual a rentabilidade dos projetos é negativa em número considerável de casos e situações.

Esta questão não é específica do Brasil: ela se repete por outras partes do mundo. E as alternativas de solução são diversificadas, entre elas uma comum que é a de conceder um “grace period” à proprietária. Ou seja: um prazo a ser definido em que ela utilizará a infraestrutura sem a obrigação de compartilhamento com terceiros, como forma de minimizar tentar rentabilizar da forma mais adequada possível os seus investimentos. Isto, com a devida regulação para evitar eventuais abusos de posição dominante ou, até mesmo, monopolista.

Plano Nacional de Banda Larga

No primeiro item o BS mencionou a necessidade de haver um Planejamento Estratégico e Tático para o Setor de Telecomunicações no Brasil. Historicamente, vários desses Planos foram anunciados com denominações diferenciadas, mas, no final, todos associados à questão da Banda Larga.

Assim, não há problemas em tratar o tema com o nome já consagrado de PNBL – Plano Nacional de Banda Larga, o qual é objeto do Decreto Nº 7.175/2010 que:

“Institui o Programa Nacional de Banda Larga - PNBL; dispõe sobre remanejamento de cargos em comissão; altera o Anexo II ao Decreto no 6.188, de 17 de agosto de 2007; altera e acresce dispositivos ao Decreto no 6.948, de 25 de agosto de 2009; e dá outras providências”.

É interessante mencionar que pelo Decreto Nº 8.776/2016 foi “instituído” o Programa Brasil Inteligente, “com a finalidade de buscar a universalização do acesso à internet no País“. Este Programa, introduziu algumas pequenas alterações no Decreto do PNBL antes citado.

Obviamente, um PNBL dos dias atuais tem um escopo análogo aos anunciados no passado, com qualquer identificação específica que lhe tenha sido atribuída, de forma geral ou associada a um particular projeto4.

4 Além do PNBL, vem à memória do BS: Banda Larga nas Escolas; O Brasil em Alta Velocidade; Internet nas Escolas; Internet para Todos; Programa Brasil Inteligente; Internet das Coisas; Programa Governo Eletrônico – GESAC; Cidades Inteligentes.


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O BS tem repercutido, talvez de maneira exagerada, a necessidade de um PNBL concreto, estruturado em estudos, pesquisas, referências, cálculos, enfim, método. Não somente com intenções ou objetivos do tipo: “fomentar e difundir o uso e o fornecimento de bens e serviços de tecnologias de informação e comunicação”, mas, efetivamente, fazendo referência a instrumentos que possibilitem a sua consecução prática.

Entre eles, o mais importante: as fontes de recursos para a implementação e a operacionalização do Programa. Pelo menos, no que diz respeito aos projetos de caráter mais social. Ainda que isto seja realizado pela iniciativa privada e sejam os usuários que pagam pelos serviços, de forma direta ou indireta.

Ocorre que para obter os recursos é necessário que existam projetos e seus respectivos orçamentos. Como se diz no jargão do dia a dia: “os projetos têm de existir e sair do papel!”. Devem ser preparados os documentos executivos nos quais se baseiam as ações de campo.

É neste sentido que o BS se refere ao PNBL. Imagina que se trata de um documento denso, preparado por pessoas especializadas e multidisciplinares fazendo as análises e avaliações do que existe, do que pode ser evoluído, e do que deve ser implantado totalmente novo, em relação ao que existe.

Um documento deste tipo, necessariamente, terá que avaliar, por exemplo, o que se fazer com a Rede Legada da Telefonia Fixa, antes mencionada. Também deverá se deter em Subprogramas relacionados com a utilização da Banda Larga nas Áreas de Educação, Saúde, Segurança Pública, Serviços Públicos (Água, Energia Elétrica, Saneamento,

O MCTIC acaba de lançar o Programa Internet para Todos. De certa forma, é mais uma tentativa de avançar na direção da universalização do acesso e do uso da Internet. É, uma outra maneira de implementar um PNBL ainda que com características próprias e atuais.

Fica, portanto, o manifesto desejo de que o “Internet para Todos” de 2018 se transforme em um efetivo “embrião” de um PNBL (ou qualquer outra denominação que se lhe queira dar) concreto, denso, propositor, e não somente mais um conjunto de intenções proclamadas em um documento oficial formal.

E, é da maior relevância que se estabeleça o real papel da TELEBRAS neste contexto. Afinal ela está colocada no Decreto Nº 7.175/2010 como a responsável pela implementação do PNBL.

Talvez agora, com a necessidade de colocar em serviço a capacidade disponível do SGDC – fato que não ocorria à época da assinatura do Decreto – a Empresa Estatal tenha condições para assumir as obrigações que, até os dias atuais, foram minimamente cumpridas.


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Novo Modelo de Prestação dos Serviços de Telecomunicações

Este é um outro ponto que o BS tem ressaltado à exaustão: a necessidade de se rever o Modelo de Prestação de Serviços de Telecomunicações do País, consubstanciado na Lei Geral de Telecomunicações (Lei Nº 8.472/1997 – LGT).

Está em andamento uma iniciativa cuja possibilidade de sucesso – assim parece - está a cada dia mais remota: a aprovação e promulgação do PLC 79/2016.

Este PLC foi apresentado como o “Novo Modelo das Telecomunicações Brasileiras”. O BS sempre fez ressalva a esta colocação. Na verdade, o texto do PLC faz alguns ajustes da LGT – ainda que sejam substanciais – mas está longe de ser o “arcabouço” desse “Novo Modelo”.

Portanto, a mensagem do BS seria no sentido de recomendar não continuar insistindo nesta possibilidade como única e definitiva alternativa, mesmo porque, conforme foi colocado, as chances de sua aprovação não estão evidentes. Portanto, é forçoso reconhecer que em 2018 se devem iniciar os estudos e desenvolver as ações necessárias para, de modo estruturado, ser proposta uma profunda reformulação da legislação atual do Setor Brasileiro de Telecomunicações. Em outras palavras: ELABORAR UMA “NOVA LGT”!

Este movimento deve ser bastante amplo. Tem que envolver todos os segmentos da Sociedade com interesse direto ou indireto no assunto. Além do Governo, devem ser “convocados”: Prestadoras de Serviços através de suas Associações Representativas; Operadoras individualmente; Universidades; Institutos de Pesquisa; Organizações Não Governamentais relacionadas com o tema; Empresas de Consultoria; Setores Produtivos que dependem das Telecomunicações; e “Experts” que possam dar suas contribuições, em termos gerais.

A exortação do BS é que sobre este tema não há mais tempo a perder. E por se tratar de assuntos cujas implicações tecnológicas são evidentes não se devem alegar razões burocráticas para que as atividades comecem a ser desenvolvidas, mesmo em um ano de intensa movimentação política.

O caso Oi

O caso da Oi não é sistêmico, portanto, não deveria fazer parte deste elenco de assuntos a serem tratados em 2018, no conjunto dos envolvidos com o “Setor de Telecomunicações”. Em tese, ele interessaria aos seus Acionistas e a outras Partes que se relacionam com a Companhia.

No entanto, os desdobramentos deste caso – numa simbologia do BS para “o bem ou para o mal” – são de dimensão tamanha que não há como deixar de inclui-lo na relação. Inclusive, atingindo uma imensa quantidade de usuários dos serviços que não teriam a quem recorrer no caso de um “debacle” completo da Empresa. Situação tão crítica que, obrigatoriamente, demandaria uma Intervenção do Poder Público (Poder Concedente).


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O fato real é que a condição de Concessionária da Oi e a enorme capilaridade de sua atuação por todo o País, incluindo inúmeras localidades onde ela está presente de forma isolada, concede-lhe uma característica que nenhuma outra Operadora possui.

Ainda que o Plano de Recuperação Judicial da Companhia tenha sido aprovada pela quase unanimidade dos Credores, a verdade é que Partes descontentes estão prometendo apelar para medidas judiciais que podem conturbar o Processo.

Este seria um fator absolutamente indesejável em um cenário no qual as dificuldades naturais de implementar o Plano aprovado já são gigantescas. Tal implementação, na percepção do BS, é o cenário do “bem”, que se espera venha a prevalecer; de importância capital para todo o Setor e não somente para a própria Oi.

Por outro lado, a possibilidade de se concretizar um cenário do “mal” – absolutamente indesejável – pode, simetricamente, levar o Setor a uma situação “caótica”, e não somente a Empresa. Pelo menos, no período em que se realizar a “arrumação” da mesma que, em última análise, envolve a “arrumação” do próprio Setor.

Portanto, qualquer solução que venha a ser dada ao “caso Oi” terá repercussões no mercado – para o “bem ou para o mal”, conforme foi simbolizado. Desta forma, merece o necessário acompanhamento, ainda que não haja muito a fazer de forma coletiva, pelo menos em um primeiro momento, enquanto não ficarem claros os rumos que a Oi tomará os quais estão nas mãos de seus acionistas, dos seus credores, do Judiciário e, sem dúvida, do próprio Governo.

O “papel” do Governo (leia-se MCTIC e Anatel) é fundamental na questão. Primeiro porque representa o Poder Concedente (a União) e tem papel ativo em algumas “obrigações” estabelecidas na LGT e no corpo do Contrato de Concessão, no que diz respeito à Prestação dos Serviços.

Segundo, porque ele também representa a União (Poder Concedente) como “Credora” de vultosa dívida que a Companhia tem para com ela. E, o Governo já sinalizou que vai adotar as medidas cabíveis para receber o que julga devido. Vale lembrar, que ele fez parte do “pequeno” – mas importante Grupo – que se colocou contra a aprovação do PRJ e já manifestou publicamente que vai recorrer judicialmente.

Por fim, não se deve deixar de mencionar outras possíveis consequências funestas de um eventual “debacle” completo da Oi, além das repercussões nos usuários dos serviços. Por exemplo: forte desemprego; redução de recolhimento de impostos para os Estados; impactos na indústria de bens e serviços; etc.


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Termos de Ajustamento de Conduta – TAC

Este também é um tema importante muito presente nas discussões de 2017 e que passa para 2018 com dúvidas “existenciais” significativas, que podem colocar em risco sua implementação prática.

De fato, somente um TAC está em estágio mais avançado de tratamento: o da Telefônica Vivo. Mas, as repercussões tem sido tantas e, de modo geral negativas, que há dúvidas sobre sua efetiva concretização. E, mais do que isto: se vale a pena continuar insistindo na utilização deste “Recurso” no Setor como um todo.

O BS considera que o problema básico dos TAC é terem sido colocados como “Instrumento” para a Universalização dos Serviços de Telecomunicações no País. Entendeu-se que poderia ser a forma de obter recursos para a execução de Projetos de Rentabilidade duvidosa ou inexistente, diante da “falência” institucional do FUST.

Projetos estes, diga-se de passagem, de importância social inquestionável e interesse público caracterizado. Atributos essenciais, que embasaram a legislação deste Fundo Setorial, que se encontra “ativo” nos recolhimentos, mas, absolutamente “congelado” nas aplicações.

Tal “Instrumento” até seria admissível tendo como referência fatos pretéritos para os quais o “ajustamento” no presente seria feito, com o compromisso explícito de não serem repetidos no futuro. Esta característica dos TAC lhe dá um caráter praticamente único, não permitindo que ele seja utilizado como ferramenta de uma política de ação continua, principalmente com as características relevantes da Universalização da Prestação dos Serviços de Telecomunicações.

Assim sendo, e considerando este caráter “pontual” dos TAC, o BS manifesta sua percepção de que o que possa ser feito em relação ao tema deve ocorrer o mais rapidamente possível, logo no início de 2018.

Se, por qualquer razão, não for possível alcançar este objetivo, melhoria seria que o assunto deixasse de ser uma prioridade, de modo a não gerar expectativas duvidosas; maiores desgastes; e, no final, perda de esforços e tempo, com evitáveis entreveros burocráticos entre os Órgãos Executivos e os de Acompanhamento e Controle.

Isto não significa que o BS esteja defendendo a “abolição” completa da possibilidade de se propor e executar “Ajustamentos de Conduta” no Setor, em função de algum deslize eventual. Mas isto, seria feito de forma natural no interesse de ambas as Partes envolvidas (Empresa e Governo), de maneira absolutamente transparente, e sempre em atendimento ao indispensável interesse público, refletido nas necessidades do mercado e dos usuários individualmente, por serviços mais diversificados, com melhor qualidade e preços acessíveis.


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TELEBRAS e o SGDC

Este também é um assunto de interesse particular com repercussão geral. O interesse particular, tem um significado especial pelo fato de a TELEBRAS ser uma Empresa Estatal que a cada dia assume mais características de Empresa Pública. Nestas condições, ela interessa a todos pois, ao mesmo tempo, ela se coloca como uma Entidade Pública atuando comercialmente no “mundo” Privado.

A repercussão geral é de interesse pois ela atua como competidora em condições que, em alguns casos, a diferencia das demais. É este o caso da prestação de serviços a Órgãos de Governo, em que ela tem determinadas vantagens sobre as Empresas privadas.

Pelo lado institucional, não há como deixar de considerar a situação particular da TELEBRAS como única Entidade Estatal Federal atuando em um Setor no qual a Iniciativa Privada é preponderante, aliás, em atendimento ao disposto no arcabouço legal (LGT).

Na prática, a TELEBRAS voltou a ter funções operacionais em razão da assinatura do Decreto já mencionado que criou o PNBL e tornou a Companhia como sua executora formal; isto, como se sabe, não ocorreu na dimensão originalmente imaginada, ou, pelo menos, subentendida.

Agora, há condições reais de ela poder exercer tal papel com a utilização do SGDC. Porém, são conhecidas as dificuldades de isto ser colocado em prática. Isto, pela condição de ser uma Empresa “Estatal”, o que muito a “cerceia” nas condições de atuar com mais liberdade empresarial no mercado de ampla competição. Mas, também, pelas insuficiências de sua estrutura funcional, principalmente em termos quantitativos de pessoal e, em algumas situações, de sua formação profissional. Também é marcante a falta de estrutura local nas regiões onde ela há mais necessidade de ela se fazer presente.

Além disso, existe a necessidade de tornar rentáveis as operações. Um desafio gigantesco, considerando as características do atendimento e dos serviços prestados pela Companhia.

Assim, a despeito da individualidade da TELEBRAS é inevitável considerar sua influência no Setor, mesmo porque é o Governo que está por trás das decisões da Companhia. Isto é particularmente fundamental quando se trata da Universalização dos Serviços.

Mas não é só isto! Também, em outras situações em que as Empresas Privadas, por uma ou outra razão, não se fazem presentes na medida certa. Como é o caso do atendimento a regiões remotas, periferias de conglomerados urbanos, localidades ou situações específicas, e, mesmo, em regiões urbanas onde há interesses do Governo e a solução via uma Empresa de Governo se mostra mais adequada.

Estas considerações, parecem reforçar a necessidade de em 2018 a TELEBRAS ser tratada, no contexto de sua participação no Setor, de forma mais pragmática. Naturalmente, tal fato demandará um conjunto de ações que obrigará a Empresa a ser mais propositiva e exigirá um maior engajamento do “controlador”, no caso a própria União.


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Universalização dos Serviços de Telecomunicações

Aqui não há muito que se falar. Certamente tudo continuará como vem ocorrendo ao longo destes quase 20 anos de implantação do FUST: pouco, ou nada, deverá acontecer, em função da utilização de recursos deste Fundo Setorial.

Antes de ser considerada uma colocação pessimista do BS, esta colocação parece espelhar fiel e pragmaticamente a real essência da questão.

Medidas esparsas podem acontecer com ações pontuais, como é o caso de determinadas obrigações impostas às Operadoras como “compensação” de alguma vantagem por ela obtida. Ou, com a eventual aprovação de TAC, tendo em conta os comentários feitos sobre este aspecto, em item anterior que, conforme pode ser observado, não admitem grandes expectativas.

O próprio conceito de Universalização necessita de uma reformulação completa, pois ele está atrelado ao STFC e, de certa forma, às Concessionárias do STFC. Como se sabe, o STFC é um Serviço de Telefonia Fixa, provido por meio de Acessos Fixos, utilizando as “redes legadas” de Cabos de Fios de Cobre, sobre as quais foram feitos comentários anteriormente.

A Universalização que a Sociedade deseja é a da “Banda Larga”. Pelos termos da Lei do FUST atual isto não é possível, e, tão pouco, se tem um cenário adequado do que fazer pela inexistência (já comentada) de um PNBL que vá além do disposto em Lei ou na Regulamentação.

Assim, o BS considera que este importantíssimo assunto deve ser colocado na pauta das discussões de 2018, no mesmo contexto da reformulação das Políticas do Setor de Telecomunicações, ou seja, do Novo Modelo de Prestação de Serviços de Telecomunicações do País.

4G e Implantação das Redes na Faixa de 700 MHz.

A versão 4G LTE das Redes Celulares está em franca expansão no País. Os avanços na qualidade do Serviço são facilmente constatáveis nas regiões onde ela está disponível. Nota-se, inclusive, que a solução “Sem Fio” está substituindo os acessos “Com Fio”, não somente por razões da economia dos usuários, mas, também por questões técnicas 5.

Então, o que se espera é que as Operadoras acelerem a implantação de tais Redes 4G LTE. Para tanto, dois fatores são essenciais: a “limpeza” da faixa de 700 MHz, com a efetiva transição da TV Analógica para a TV Digital - felizmente, transcorrendo sem maiores problemas e, até,

5 Vale, aqui, relembrar a questão das instalações incorretas das Redes Fixas convencionais, comentada em item anterior.


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ultrapassando as expectativas mais otimistas do passado -, e a disponibilidade de recursos para investimentos na magnitude necessária 6.

O BS tem fortes esperanças de que este será um dos itens que “levantará” o Setor em 2018. Este desejável e muito provável sucesso, terá, em contrapartida, alguns desafios a serem superados.

Um deles está relacionado com a questão dos Terminais de Assinantes; uma Rede mais atual e com taxas de transmissão mais rápidas demandará Smartphones de novas gerações, mais evoluídos. Isto significa (novamente) importantes investimentos: os quais devem ser suportados pelos usuários, ou, pelas próprias Operadoras, subsidiando os aparelhos com base em “Planos de Fidelização”7.

Por outro lado, este sucesso traz à tona uma outra questão: o que fazer com as “Redes Legadas” Celulares; principalmente, o 2G e algumas versões do 3G mais antigas? E, ainda uma outra, relacionada com a própria Rede 3G que, em algumas situações, ainda está sendo expandida nos dias atuais, em paralelo com a Rede 4G?

De certa forma, neste ponto, as Operadoras celulares defrontam-se com um dilema similar ao das Operadoras fixas, diante da contingência de decidir sobre a “morte” de uma tecnologia obsoleta, mas que está plenamente operacional: no caso, da tecnologia 3G versus a tecnologia 4G!

Esta é uma questão tipicamente da “cozinha” das Operadoras Celulares. Mas os impactos de suas decisões são relevantes no Setor como um todo. Neste sentido, ela é de todo o interesse do Governo e dos usuários.

O ponto chave a considerar é que não se deve “cair na tentação” de criar dois níveis de prestação de serviços, com características muito díspares: o dos grandes centros urbanos, e o das periferias e regiões do Interior. Na prática, com a preponderância do 4G LTE no primeiro caso, e, de outras tecnologias mais antigas (3G e 2G) no segundo caso.

Compartilhamento de Infraestrutura

Uma das formas de “uniformizar” os atendimentos, independentemente da região em que o Serviço é prestado, é viabilizar economicamente as novas implantações, por meio da otimização desses investimentos.

Há maneiras diversas para realizar tal propósito: a mais imediata, prática e efetiva é com o compartilhamento de infraestrutura.

6 Nunca será demais lembrar que o sucesso destas iniciativas implica em maiores problemas para a Oi, que não participou do Leilão da Faixa de 700 MHz. Esta, sem dúvida, será uma das “penas” com a qual a Empresa terá de pagar pelas deficiências de suas ações no passado. 7 Vale registrar que os investimentos em Aparelhos de Assinantes estão incluídos nos US$ 20 bilhões anuais que o BS considera essenciais serem dispendidos pelo Setor.


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A Anatel tem se debruçado sobre este aspecto e, no final do ano passado, emitiu um Regulamento sobre a questão, baseado na Lei das Antenas. Tal Regulamento será complementado com a preparação de um “Manual Operacional” cuja efetivação deve se constituir em uma das prioridades da Agência para 2018.

Felizmente, sobre este aspecto há um ambiente favorável para investimentos através de Empresas Especializadas neste tipo de negócio 8. Com um agradável adendo: as fontes potenciais de recursos financeiros são substanciais, permitindo criar um virtuoso processo de contribuição para os “vultosos” investimentos amplamente mencionados.

Então, quais seriam os eventuais obstáculos à concretização de tão interessante e desejada ação? O BS consegue identificar dois mais imediatos. O primeiro, naturalmente, é a vontade de as Operadoras expandirem suas Redes 4G LTE na velocidade esperada o que gerará a necessidade da infraestrutura.

O segundo, é a “não vontade” de a Agência Reguladora se envolver na questão com descabidas exigências regulatórias. Não se trata de uma “prestação de serviços” e, tão somente, de um acordo comercial entre Partes que, livremente, pactuam suas condições. Eventuais abusos de mercado devem ser resolvidos nas estâncias próprias de mercados competitivos e não nas de prestação de serviços.

Eventuais situações em que se configure Poder de Mercado Significativo devem ser tratadas com a regulamentação própria, não sendo necessário tratar o caso geral tendo em vista esta condição de caráter muito particular.

E, questões de “interesse público”, por se tratar de uma infraestrutura ligada à prestação de serviços de interesse público e que, em alguns casos, utilizam meios exclusivos (postes de energia elétrica, direitos de passagem em rodovias, e outros tipos de vias, são exemplos) devem ser tratados de forma leve (com o mínimo de intervenção possível) e com isonomia. Sempre evitando entrar nos aspectos comerciais do assunto.

5G e Internet das Coisas

Não há a menor dúvida de que o 5G e a Internet das Coisas serão as manchetes permanentes do ano de 2018. O BS tem feito comentários sobre este assunto, sendo o mais relevante o que indica a inexistência de padrões universalmente aceitos em ambos os casos. E, o fato de ambos serem tratados em conjunto não significa que sejam a mesma coisa, mas que, por enquanto, estão no “mesmo barco” em relação a determinadas definições e decisões que deverão ser tomadas sobre o assunto.

8 Empresas reunidas na ABRINTEL – Associação Brasileira de Infraestrutura para Telecomunicações.


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O 5G, naturalmente, é o padrão das Redes Celulares que sucederá o 4G. No entanto, muito mais do que ocorreu na transição do 3G para o 4G, as tendências disruptivas serão marcantes na transição do 4G para o 5G. E, o ponto básico, é que o 5G deverá estar preparado e adaptado para a “Nova Rede Internet” se é que se pode assim considerar a “Internet das Coisas”; isto não ocorreu na etapa de transição anterior 9.

O 5G continuará sendo a parte da Rede propriamente dita. No final do ano passado (19/12/2017) foi definido o primeiro padrão das interfaces dos rádios que comporão o Sistema de Transmissão, em reunião Plenário do 3GPP, realizada em Lisboa.

Ainda há um longo trabalho pela frente a ser desenvolvido pela Associação, mas são animadores os sinais de que o processo começa a evoluir de forma prática.

Mas, há Operadoras trabalhando em conjunto com a indústria que estão prometendo, de imediato, “experiências” próprias no campo, como forma de se adiantarem à concorrência e “forçarem” determinadas práticas de mercado de acordo com seus interesses empresariais. Estes movimentos são mais sentidos nos Estados Unidos, em alguns países da Europa, e, naturalmente, na China, Japão e Índia, por razões comerciais.

O Brasil, neste particular é um player importante no contexto mundial e, necessariamente, tem que se posicionar em relação a alguns dos aspectos mais universais. Por óbvio, tem que ser estabelecida e perseguida uma Agenda sobre o assunto, de forma que o País possa se manifestar de forma adequada e de acordo com os interesses nacionais e não ir “a reboque” dos acontecimentos.

Uma das particularidades do 5G é a possibilidade de utilização de frequências muito elevadas (na faixa de 30 GHz a 70 GHz). Então, julga-se que não seria demasiado que, no mínimo, o MCTIC e a Anatel, desenvolvessem projetos junto a Universidades e Centros de Pesquisa para o estudo das características de transmissão e utilização destas faixas.

Seria uma oportunidade interessante para se ampliar o “intercâmbio” entre o Governo (através de seu Ministério Setorial e da Agência Reguladora) e a “Academia”. Uma alternativa para tratar de assuntos que envolvem alta tecnologia nos ambientes onde isto é tratado de forma corriqueira. Aliás, as Comunicações estão, propriamente, associadas à Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovações na mesma Pasta Ministerial.

Até para que possa ter fundamentação adequada na elaboração da regulamentação própria!

9 A Internet das Coisas se caracteriza mais como um Rede voltada para a interconexão de “dispositivos” cuja gama é incomensurável (sensores, robôs, carros, drones, eletrodomésticos, medidores, “gente”, animais, máquinas transacionais, máquinas com Inteligência Artificial, rastreadores, supervisores, etc.). Suas exigências de confiabilidade e de atuar em Tempo Real são as que a distingue fundamentalmente da Internet convencional. Esta, mais voltada para o estabelecimento de comunicações à distância, troca de arquivos, Redes Sociais, e transações comerciais diversas.


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O Espectro de Radiofrequências e sua Gestão

O Espectro de Radiofrequências é o objeto de atenções permanentes de qualquer Agência Reguladora do Setor de Telecomunicações em todo o mundo. No Brasil não poderia ser diferente. O tratamento universal desta questão é feito principalmente no âmbito da UIT – União Internacional de Telecomunicações (ITU), sediada em Genebra, na Suíça. A Anatel é a representante formal do Brasil junto à UIT.

O ano de 2018 será particularmente importante, pois no período deverão ser avaliadas e discutidas internamente e com outras Entidades de países da Região 2 (Américas) as posições que o Brasil e a Região levarão e defenderão em um importante evento do Setor: a WRC-2019 910 – World Radiocommunication Conference 2019. Como o próprio nome indica, sua abrangência é mundial.

Emprego de novas faixas de frequências

Uma dessas posições, foi anteriormente abordada no item referente ao 5G: a possível utilização de novas faixas para os Serviços associados à Internet das Coisas; no caso, faixas do Espectro acima de 30 GHz.

O BS não será exaustivo a este respeito, mesmo porque não está a par completamente de outras Faixas que estão em discussão. Mas, sabe-se que existe uma enorme pressão de diversos segmentos de atividades (Utilities, Segurança Pública, Transportes) para ter acesso a faixas para uso exclusivo, ainda que isto ocorra em ambientes ou espaços específicos.

Compartilhamento de Espectro

Este também é um aspecto que vem pressionando as Agências por decisões inovadoras em relação às destinações das faixas de Espectro. Novas técnicas de modulação permitem o uso compartilhado de espectro por duas ou mais Entidades de forma muito mais segura do que poderia ocorrer no passado.

Diante da “escassez” do recurso é desejável que esta alternativa seja perseguida com mais empenho: tanto para utilização em serviços públicos, como em serviços privados.

O ponto focal a considerar é que esta possibilidade introduz profundas alterações na regulamentação e nas práticas de outorga do espectro, em especial aquelas decorrentes de Leilões em que as Operadoras pagaram quantias consideráveis pelo direito de uso e tem um longo período garantido pela frente.

10 A WRC-2019 será realizada no período de 28/10/2019 a 22/11/2019, O Brasil é formalmente representado pela Anatel nestes eventos. A edição de 2019 é particularmente importante pois nela deverão ser aprovadas resoluções referentes à utilização das faixas de frequências mais elevadas e de outras faixas com características específicas, como é o caso das Faixas Não Licenciadas e para utilização em consonância com as necessidades da Internet das Coisas e das Utilities, entre outras.


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No entanto, é inevitável que esta questão seja abordada com profundidade e o ano de 2018 pode ser marcante sobre este aspecto.

Nesta edição do BS é incluído um Artigo sobre a questão com o título “COMPARTILHAMENTO DE ESPECTRO” cuja leitura é sugerida para os leitores que gostam de abordagens técnicas mais profundas.

Comercialização de Espectro

No Brasil o Direito de Uso do Espectro de Radiofrequência está associado à operacionalização de um determinado Serviço de Telecomunicações. No caso das Operadoras que Prestam Serviços de Interesse Coletivo pode ser o SMP, o SLP, o SCM (acessos fixos via rádio), ou outros de menor expressão.

O BS não vai entrar no mérito da questão nesta oportunidade. Mas, há movimentos para que esta situação seja alterada. Os impactos na regulamentação são bastante significativos, pois pode-se quebrar um dos “pilares” do processo de concorrência na prestação dos Serviços Sem Fio no Brasil: o CAP de Espectro.

Este conceito significa que para manter a competição na prestação dos Serviços Sem Fio (em especial no SMP), em condições de relativa igualdade, as Prestadoras estão limitadas a um valor máximo de MHz de Direito de Uso de Espectro. Portanto, eventuais mudanças neste aspecto têm impactos no processo de competição, principalmente na forma como hoje está estabelecido.

O PLC 79/2016 prevê algo neste sentido, ao permitir a renovação “sem limites” do período de Direito de Uso, atualmente, limitado a uma prorrogação (15 + 15 anos). Ocorre que, conforme foi mencionado, este Projeto de Lei não tem sua aprovação garantida. Assim, é de se imaginar que os interessados buscarão outras alternativas para alcançarem seus objetivos.

Trata-se de um assunto bastante sensível e com importantes repercussões. Mas, não seria por isto que não se deve dar a devida atenção ao tema e colocá-lo na pauta de discussões.

Vale o registro, que nos Estados Unidos há a possibilidade de comercialização do Espectro. Porém, a FCC detém poderes quase monocráticos para permitir ou não uma determinada operação de “venda” total ou parcial do Espectro detido por uma determinada Operadora. No Brasil, onde o formalismo impera, seria praticamente impossível “copiar” o processo Americano, no caso de se permitir tal procedimento. Mas, outras alternativas poderiam ser examinadas se o assunto realmente vier a ser objeto de discussões.

Faixa de 2,5 GHz do Leilão das Sobras

A Anatel deverá se posicionar sobre as outorgas concedidas em razão do Leilão das Sobras e cujo prazo limite para a comercialização dos serviços está vencido ou prestes a vencer.

Este é um problema “espinhoso” pois afeta um grande número de Prestadoras Regionais que por razões diversas, já comentadas pelo BS, não conseguiram atender às disposições do Edital.


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Marco Civil da Internet

Neste item o BS será sintético e radical: o MCI necessita ser reformulado. Na forma como está corre-se o risco de o Brasil ser o único País do mundo a ter uma legislação específica para a Internet, com uma abordagem absolutamente superada pela realidade da Prestação dos Serviços.

Os pontos focais a discutir ou rediscutir são, entre outros: Neutralidade de Rede e suas radicais implicações na prestação dos serviços; privacidade das informações e dados dos usuários; segurança digital (cibernética); utilização de dados de forma autorizada (quebra de sigilo); uso de Programas com base em Inteligência Artificial na interação com usuários; responsabilidades das Prestadoras de Serviços incluindo as OTT (Aplicativos); paralizações dos serviços.

Agenda Regulatória da Anatel

A Anatel tem uma extensa Agenda Regulatória a cumprir em 2018. O questionamento que se coloca é até que ponto se justifica continuar trabalhando em alguns aspectos de tal Agenda, sem dispor das definições de um necessário Novo Modelo de Prestação dos Serviços de Telecomunicações, conforme foi abordado em outro item.

Este é um tema que o BS coloca para reflexão, quando se aborda a questão das prioridades a serem tratadas em 2018.

O Papel das Agências Reguladoras

Sobre este tópico, o BS se estenderá um pouco mais e utilizará um Editorial do Jornal o Estado de S. Paulo, publicado na sua edição de 28/12/2017 com o título: “Agências reguladoras mais fortes”.

As “Agências Reguladoras” são as “Entidades” de controle que os Governos das Nações mais liberais instituíram para fazer o “controle” de atividades econômicas importantes para um País desenvolvidas dentro dos princípios da livre iniciativa e de ampla competição. Ou, nos casos em que a competição não seja razoável, que a livre iniciativa esteja presente com um nível bem mais elevado de “controle”, ou, de “regulação”.

Na segunda metade da década de 90 e com maior ênfase a partir do início do Século XXI, o Brasil passou a adotar o Modelo das Agências Reguladoras no escopo dos movimentos de “desestatização”, ou seja, o Estado deixaria de ser o “Agente Econômico” com interesses em determinadas atividades da economia do País, delegando-as à iniciativa privada, e, submetendo-as a um processo de “regulação”.

Este processo também envolveria fiscalização já que não se pode conceber o controle sem um determinado grau de acompanhamento configurado sobre a forma de uma atividade fiscalizatória


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que, em determinadas situações, tende a assumir “Poder de Polícia” como, aliás, a AGU reconheceu em recente Parecer preparado para definir a participação da Anatel, no PRJ da Oi.

Dentro do que foi manifestado na introdução, tais Entidades, segundo o Estadão, devem ser “fortes” – e o BS acrescentaria “independentes” - para não se subordinarem, no mérito de suas decisões, aos interesses particulares do Governo do momento. Se assim não for, corre-se o risco de o Estado intervir em determinada atividade de forma indireta. Por outro lado, “fortes” também se justifica para que não seja “capturadas” pelas forças de mercado e, assim, não cumpram devidamente sua missão.

Neste caso, os princípios da “livre iniciativa” podem ser “chamuscados”, na melhor das hipóteses. Na pior eles podem ser atingidos de modo intervencionista e “autoritário”. Os “Agentes Econômicos” vendo o risco iminente para seus negócios se recolhem e as perspectivas de retração da atividade em pauta passam a ser reais.

Portanto, é mais do que oportuno que o Estadão trate do assunto, imaginando-se uma “Agenda” séria a ser “encampada” no transcurso de 2018. Não é algo trivial pelas razões expostas no item “ “ do COMENTÁRIO GERAL DA SEMANA deste BS Nº 01/18. Mas, como se trata de um tema que já vem amadurecendo no Congresso Nacional há algum tempo há chances de ele evoluir, principalmente porque o atual governo está empenhado em reformas que dinamizem a economia do País. Assim, são viáveis as expectativas de que algo possa ocorrer nesta direção.

Diz o jornal no texto do Editorial:

“Um Estado que destina 57% de seu Orçamento de custeio apenas para o pagamento de pensões e aposentadorias – quando o padrão mundial é de 20% a 25% –, de fato, não pode dar conta sozinho de todos os investimentos necessários para recuperar décadas de atraso no desenvolvimento de sua infraestrutura. As escolhas históricas da Nação, como o sustento de um desequilibrado e injusto modelo de Previdência Social, agora cobram uma cara fatura”.

[...]

“é fundamental que o Estado exerça o controle sobre este ambiente de pouca ou nenhuma competição por meio das agências reguladoras, sobretudo no que concerne a serviços essenciais como a distribuição de energia, de água e de gás, além da regulação do setor de transportes rodoviário, portuário e aeroportuário.”

[...]


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“Além da referida proteção dos consumidores, as agências foram criadas para estabelecer as normas de funcionamento dos setores que regulam, proporcionando, a um só tempo, um ambiente de negócios previsível, seguro e eficiente, tanto para os usuários como para os investidores.”

O Editorial, além dos aspectos conceituais, também faz referência a um Projeto de Lei que tramita no Congresso Nacional:

“É o Projeto de Lei (PL) 6.621/2016, que, entre outras medidas, dificulta muito a ocupação política dos cargos de direção das agências. Depois de tramitar por quatro anos no Senado, o projeto foi aprovado e seguiu para a Câmara, onde aguarda a instalação de uma comissão especial encarregada de examinar o texto”.

E, termina com o parágrafo:

“Tão logo o Poder Legislativo retorne às suas atividades após o recesso de fim de ano, é imperioso que retome o debate sobre um projeto de lei fundamental para dotar o País de agências reguladoras mais fortalecidas, eficientes e profissionais. Duas décadas após a criação das agências e um triste período de subversão de seus objetivos iniciais, o resgate das agências é condição indispensável para a estabilidade do ambiente de negócios e, consequentemente, para o desenvolvimento do País.”

Então, o BS faz “coro” com o Estadão e defende que este PL se transforme em Lei o mais rapidamente possível. Neste sentido, deve fazer parte da “Agenda” permanente de 2018.

Trata-se de uma condição essencial para que as Agências Reguladoras – e no caso, a Anatel é uma das mais importantes para o Brasil – transpareçam para os investidores um nível de credibilidade e confiança que os estimulem a aportar os volumosos recursos que o Brasil necessita para expandir a sua infraestrutura de modo geral, e a de telecomunicações, de maneira particular.

“Equívocos” do passado devem ser referência para as ações futuras, no sentido de serem evitados. As “lições” alcançadas devem servir de referência para os novos rumos, no caso do Setor de Telecomunicações.

A regulação, como não poderia deixar de acontecer, deve ter um viés de controle e de fiscalização. Mas, sem excessos e da forma mais previsível possível. Não se deve “manipular” a regulamentação de acordo com os interesses do momento, por mais meritórios que eles sejam.

As soluções para os problemas que certamente ocorrerão devem ser negociadas no “interesse público” do qual não se pode desconsiderar o interesse das Empresas envolvidas que também atuam no “interesse público”. Então, há certos níveis de reciprocidade que devem ser respeitados para que o resultado final seja o melhor para todas as Partes.

E, o “Poder de Polícia” deve ser empregado de modo judicioso, quando ele couber e se justificar. Sem ser desproporcional em relação ao “delito” eventualmente cometido. Penalizar em demasiado


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o Agente Econômico sobre a pretensa intenção de estar favorecendo os usuários (consumidores) normalmente é uma “armadilha” que atinge a todos. Fazem-se as devidas ressalvas quando estiverem claramente identificados atos de má fé por parte de tal Agente.

Na sequência, segue a reprodução do texto integral do Editorial mencionado.

Agências reguladoras mais fortes

A saída para o déficit de infraestrutura do País – um antigo óbice ao nosso desenvolvimento – passa, necessariamente, pela criação de um ambiente de normalidade macroeconômica

O Estado de S. Paulo 28 Dezembro 2017 | 05h00

A saída para o déficit de infraestrutura do País – um antigo óbice ao nosso desenvolvimento – passa, necessariamente, pela criação de um ambiente de normalidade macroeconômica, segurança jurídica e previsibilidade regulatória que seja capaz de atrair investimentos privados para um setor tão carente de investimentos públicos e, ao mesmo tempo, tão estratégico para que o futuro sonhado por muitos se torne uma realidade vivida por todos.

Um Estado que destina 57% de seu Orçamento de custeio apenas para o pagamento de pensões e aposentadorias – quando o padrão mundial é de 20% a 25% –, de fato, não pode dar conta sozinho de todos os investimentos necessários para recuperar décadas de atraso no desenvolvimento de sua infraestrutura. As escolhas históricas da Nação, como o sustento de um desequilibrado e injusto modelo de Previdência Social, agora cobram uma cara fatura.

Diante da severa limitação do governo federal – desta ou qualquer outra administração que lhe sobrevier – para alocar recursos orçamentários em projetos de infraestrutura, não há solução mágica para tornar o País eficiente e competitivo a não ser fomentar aquelas condições capazes de trazer segurança e estabilidade às empresas dispostas a investir pesadamente em um setor com retorno de longo prazo.

Por demandar altos investimentos, não é incomum haver monopólios ou oligopólios explorando determinadas áreas de infraestrutura em algumas regiões do País. Para que os usuários não fiquem sujeitos a práticas abusivas ou à prestação de serviços precários, é fundamental que o Estado exerça o controle sobre este ambiente de pouca ou nenhuma competição por meio das agências reguladoras, sobretudo no que concerne a serviços essenciais como a distribuição de energia, de água e de gás, além da regulação do setor de transportes rodoviário, portuário e aeroportuário.

As agências reguladoras foram criadas há mais de 20 anos, durante o governo do ex-presidente Fernando Henrique Cardoso, com o objetivo de regular setores que deixavam de ser dominados por monopólios estatais por meio do processo de privatização ou concessão. Além da referida proteção dos consumidores, as agências foram criadas para estabelecer as normas de funcionamento dos setores que regulam, proporcionando, a um só tempo, um ambiente de negócios previsível, seguro e eficiente, tanto para os usuários como para os investidores.

Hoje, as agências reguladoras estão muito distantes de seus desígnios originais. O desvio de finalidade começou no primeiro mandato do ex-presidente Lula da Silva, para quem a força e a independência das agências nada


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mais eram do que uma “usurpação” de atribuições próprias do Poder Executivo. Foi assim que logo as agências passaram a ser o destino preferencial de acomodação de apaniguados políticos, mais preocupados em atender às demandas de seus “padrinhos” do que zelar pelo interesse público.

Reportagem especial de Roberta Paduan, publicada pelo Estado, revelou que uma importante medida de fortalecimento das agências reguladoras, devolvendo-lhes a importância, está parada na Câmara dos Deputados há um ano. É o Projeto de Lei (PL) 6.621/2016, que, entre outras medidas, dificulta muito a ocupação política dos cargos de direção das agências. Depois de tramitar por quatro anos no Senado, o projeto foi aprovado e seguiu para a Câmara, onde aguarda a instalação de uma comissão especial encarregada de examinar o texto.

Tão logo o Poder Legislativo retorne às suas atividades após o recesso de fim de ano, é imperioso que retome o debate sobre um projeto de lei fundamental para dotar o País de agências reguladoras mais fortalecidas, eficientes e profissionais. Duas décadas após a criação das agências e um triste período de subversão de seus objetivos iniciais, o resgate das agências é condição indispensável para a estabilidade do ambiente de negócios e, consequentemente, para o desenvolvimento do País.

Requerimento de Convocação de AGE

A Oi publicou FATO RELEVANTE informando que a BRATEL S.A.R.L., titular de 22,24% do Capital Social da Companhia requereu ao Conselho de Administração a realização de uma Assembleia Geral Extraordinária, no prazo de 8 (oito) dias, para deliberar sobre matérias que impactam o Plano de Recuperação Judicial da Companhia e suas Subsidiárias, aprovada em AGC iniciada em 19/12/2017 e concluída em 20/12/2017.

O FATO RELEVANTE, textualmente, registra:

“Tendo em vista que as matérias objeto da ordem do dia indicada no requerimento de convocação de Assembleia Geral Extraordinária são relacionadas à recuperação judicial da Companhia e demais Recuperandas, e consequentemente ao Plano de Recuperação aprovado pelos credores em Assembleia Geral dos Credores, a Companhia submeterá o requerimento de convocação de Assembleia Geral Extraordinária à apreciação pelo Juízo da Recuperação, o qual deverá decidir sobre a legalidade e conveniência da convocação e realização da Assembleia Geral Extraordinária da Companhia requerida pela BRATEL S.À.R.L.”

Portanto, a realização da requerida AGE está na dependência de posicionamento judicial.

O BS considera pequenas as chances de o pleito da BRATEL ser atendido. Por outro lado, é de se ressaltar que a BRATEL ao longo de todo o PRJ pouco se posicionou publicamente. Agora que o Plano de Recuperação foi aprovado, ela se propõe a utilizar sua posição dominante no CA para tentar influir na decisão do Processo.


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O texto do FATO RELEVANTE é abaixo reproduzido com pequenas alterações de forma em relação à versão publicada no Site da Companhia.

Na sequência, é reproduzido uma reportagem do Valor Econômico, de autoria de Paula Cleto, contendo maiores informações sobre o tema.

Oi S.A. - In Judicial Reorganization FATO RELEVANTE

Requerimento de Convocação de Assembleia Geral Extraordinária

Oi S.A. - Em Recuperação Judicial ("Oi" ou "Companhia"), em cumprimento ao art. 157, §4º da Lei nº 6.404/76, comunica aos seus acionistas e ao mercado em geral que, em 28 de dezembro de 2017, o acionista BRATEL S.À.R.L., titular de participação de 22,24% do capital social da Companhia, requereu ao Conselho de Administração, com base no art. 123, parágrafo único, alínea c da Lei das S.A., a convocação de uma Assembleia Geral Extraordinária da Companhia, no prazo de até 8 dias, para deliberar sobre matérias que impactam o Plano de Recuperação Judicial ("Plano de Recuperação") da Companhia e de suas subsidiárias [...] (todas, em conjunto, "Recuperandas"), aprovado em Assembleia Geral de Credores iniciada em 19 de dezembro de 2017 e concluída em 20 de dezembro de 2017 ("AGC") e protocolado perante o Juízo da 7ª Vara Empresarial da Comarca da Capital do Estado do Rio de Janeiro ("Juízo da Recuperação"), onde tramita a recuperação judicial, conforme a seguinte ordem do dia:

(1) Deliberar sobre a seguinte proposta de alteração da governança e de aumento do capital da Companhia, prevista no Plano de Recuperação Judicial da Companhia:

(i) Eleição, para o mandato iniciando-se a partir da data de aprovação do Plano de Recuperação Judicial até a investidura dos membros do Novo Conselho de Administração (conforme definido na cláusula 9.3 do Plano de Recuperação), de um Conselho de Administração Transitório composto por um total de 9 (nove) membros titulares, sem suplentes, a seguir, sendo 6 (seis) membros do atual Conselho de Administração; e 3 (três) novos membros, na forma proposta na cláusula 9.2 do Plano de Recuperação Judicial da Companhia:

(a) José Mauro Mettrau Carneiro da Cunha, CPF nº 299.637.297-20 - Presidente; (b) Ricardo Reisen de Pinho, CPF nº 855.027.907-20 - Vice-Presidente; (c) Marcos Duarte Santos, CPF nº 014.066.837-36; (d) Luis Maria Viana Palha da Silva, CPF nº 073.725.141-77; (e) Pedro Zañartu Gubert Morais Leitão, passaporte português nº M655076; (f) Helio Calixto da Costa, CPF nº 047.629.916-00; (g) Marcos Rocha, CPF 801.239.967-91; (h) Eleazar de Carvalho Filho, CPF: 382.478.107-78; (i) Marcos Grodetzky, CPF 425.552.057-72.

(ii) Garantia de manutenção dos Diretores em seus cargos, na forma proposta na cláusula 9.1 do Plano de Recuperação Judicial da Companhia;


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(iii) O aumento do capital social subscrito e condições para a respectiva subscrição e integralização, incluindo comissões devidas aos compromissários subscritores; a reforma do artigo 6º do Estatuto Social da Companhia para ampliação do limite de capital autorizado da Companhia, atualmente de R$34.038.701.741,49, e condições para a respectiva subscrição e integralização, incluindo comissões devidas aos compromissários subscritores; e

(iv) Outros aspectos societários do Plano de Recuperação Judicial sujeitos à deliberação da Assembleia Geral dos Acionistas, nos termos da Lei das S.A. e do Estatuto Social da Companhia.

(2) Deliberar sobre a propositura de ação de responsabilidade civil, nos termos do artigo 159 da Lei das S.A., em face a Administradores e Diretores em suas atuais funções em razão de ações ilegais e violadoras do Estatuto Social da Companhia, e/ou funcionários, gerentes e agentes delegados co-autores de quaisquer das violações à lei societária regente e ao Estatuto Social da Companhia.

Tendo em vista que as matérias objeto da ordem do dia indicada no requerimento de convocação de Assembleia Geral Extraordinária são relacionadas à recuperação judicial da Companhia e demais Recuperandas, e consequentemente ao Plano de Recuperação aprovado pelos credores em Assembleia Geral dos Credores, a Companhia submeterá o requerimento de convocação de Assembleia Geral Extraordinária à apreciação pelo Juízo da Recuperação, o qual deverá decidir sobre a legalidade e conveniência da convocação e realização da Assembleia Geral Extraordinária da Companhia requerida pela BRATEL S.À.R.L.

A Companhia aguardará a decisão do Juízo da Recuperação acerca do requerimento de Assembleia Geral Extraordinária apresentado e manterá seus acionistas e o mercado informados sobre o desenvolvimento dos assuntos objeto deste Fato Relevante.

A íntegra do referido requerimento encontra-se anexa e sua cópia também será enviada, assim que possível, traduzida para o inglês, à US Securities and Exchange Commission conforme o Form 6-K.

Rio de Janeiro, 29 de dezembro de 2017.

Oi S.A. - Em Recuperação Judicial Carlos Augusto Machado Pereira de Almeida Brandão

Diretor de Finanças e de Relações com Investidores e Diretor

Valor Econômico

Bratel detalha requerimento em que pede convocação de assembleia da Oi

Por Paula Cleto | Valor

SÃO PAULO - A Bratel, veículo de investimento da Pharol (ex-Portugal Telecom) e dona de 22,24% do capital social da Oi, pediu a convocação de uma assembleia geral de acionistas da empresa de telecomunicações, no prazo de oito dias a contar de 28 de dezembro, para deliberar sobre temas que trarão impacto sobre o plano de recuperação judicial da Oi e de suas subsidiárias.


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Como fundamento para o pedido de convocação, a acionista diz que o presidente da Oi, Eurico Teles, e o diretor financeiro, Carlos Brandão, apresentaram a nova versão do plano de recuperação judicial diretamente ao Juízo, mas que os termos e condições do plano dependeriam de aprovação dos acionistas em assembleia geral para terem validade.

A Bratel considera que os dois executivos extrapolaram suas competências no caso. Em carta enviada ao Conselho de Administração e à diretoria de Relações com Investidores da Oi e à Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM), a Bratel também recomenda "a deliberação de propositura de ação de responsabilidade civil" contra Eurico Telles e Carlos Brandão "e demais administradores usurpadores de suas funções legais e estatutárias, nos termos do artigo 159 e parágrafos da Lei das S.A."

A Oi emitiu nota dizendo que Eurico Teles cumpriu tarefa que lhe foi dada pelo juiz titular da 7ª Vara Empresarial do Rio, Fernando Vianna: a de ser o responsável pessoal para negociar, concluir e apresentar, até o dia 12/12/2017, o plano de recuperação judicial da Oi, independentemente de aprovação pelo Conselho de Administração. "A decisão judicial se refere à negociação e elaboração do plano de recuperação judicial como 'matérias que permanecerão na exclusiva competência do Presidente do Grupo Oi, sob as penas da lei civil e criminal'", diz o comunicado.

Para a Bratel, contudo, o fato de o juiz ter incumbido o presidente da Oi de apresentar o plano significa instituir um interlocutor da empresa para negociação dos termos finais e para a apresentação pessoal do documento ao Juízo. Isso não anularia a necessidade de obter aprovação da assembleia de acionistas em pontos como a composição do Conselho de Administração e a capitalização da Oi.

Em fato relevante encaminhado à CVM, a Oi diz que, como esses pontos são referentes ao plano de recuperação aprovado na assembleia de credores, vai submeter o pedido de convocação de assembleia geral extraordinária de acionistas ao Juízo da recuperação - que "deverá decidir sobre a legalidade e conveniência da convocação e realização da Assembleia Geral Extraordinária da Companhia requerida pela Bratel".

Pontos controversos

Os principais pontos do plano que a acionista diz dependerem da aprovação em assembleia para terem eficácia são alteração da governança e o aumento de capital da empresa.

Na parte da governança, o Plano de Recuperação Judicial prevê a formação de um Conselho de Administração transitório composto por 9 membros, já indicados no próprio plano. Desta forma, os atuais membros que não foram listados para compor o conselho transitório terão suas funções imediatamente suspensas. No entanto, de acordo com o estatuto social da companhia e a Lei das S.A, compete à assembleia de acionistas a eleição ou destituição de administradores.

Além disso, o Plano de Recuperação Judicial retira do Conselho de Administração o direito de substituir e eleger diretores. Durante o período de um ano, os membros da diretoria de transição, incluindo um Diretor de Operações, serão mantidos nos mesmos cargos e funções que ocupam atualmente, sendo os únicos responsáveis pela execução e implementação do plano. E, após o período de transição, o diretor-presidente e o diretor de Finanças e Relações com Investidores deverão ser reconduzidos aos cargos que exerciam anteriormente, dos quais não poderão ser destituídos até o encerramento da recuperação judicial.

Quanto ao aumento de capital, o Plano de Recuperação Judicial aprovado em Assembleia Geral de Credores prevê um aumento no capital social da Companhia, a ser realizado em etapas e incluindo a conversão de parte da dívida, que poderá superar o valor de R$ 17 bilhões.

Ainda prevê a emissão de bônus de subscrição como vantagem adicional à emissão de novas ações ordinárias. Por fim, prevê um aumento de capital de R$ 4 bilhões.

Porém, essa proposta de capitalização supera o limite de capital autorizado da companhia, que, atualmente, é R$ 12,6 bilhões. "O aumento do capital autorizado da Companhia constitui reforma do Estatuto Social que,


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conforme o artigo 166 da Lei das S.A., é matéria exclusiva de deliberação da Assembleia Geral de Acionistas", argumenta a Bratel.

A Bratel também invoca o artigo 123 da Lei das S.A. para afirmar que, se o Conselho de Administração não acatar a convocação da assembleia geral, qualquer acionista pode convocar a assembleia diretamente (nos casos previstos em lei ou no estatuto).

Homologado o Plano de Recuperação Judicial da Oi

A Oi publicou FATO RELEVANTE informando aos seus acionistas e ao mercado que em 8/01/2018 o Juízo da 7ª Vara Empresarial da Comarca da Capital do Estado do Rio de Janeiro concedeu a recuperação judicial da Companhia e de suas Subsidiárias e homologou o Plano de Recuperação Judicial, com algumas ressalvas colocadas no texto do FATO RELEVANTE.

O Juízo também decidiu que “Considero, que as alterações pertinentes, inclusive do estatuto social da companhia, aprovadas no PRJ dispensam a realização de AGE e podem ser levadas a cabo pelos órgãos de direção da companhia, com base na autorização assemblear de credores, na forma prevista na LRF, que é lei especial em relação à LSA sobre a matéria”.

[...]

“a convocação de AGE é absolutamente desnecessária para dar eficácia à decisão soberana dos credores. Pelo contrário, a convocação de assembleia de acionistas, nesta hipótese, reinstalaria a instabilidade fortemente rejeitada pelo Judiciário durante todo esse processo de recuperação judicial."

Em comentário à parte, fazendo menção a colocação do Juízo não transcrita no FR, o BS considera que ele foi contundente na Decisão ao estabelecer que “A vontade soberana dos credores deve ser integralmente respeitada, sendo até mesmo vedada a prática de qualquer ato – seja por acionista, membro do conselho ou administrador da companhia – que tenha o fim de inviabilizar o cumprimento do plano de recuperação aprovado na forma da lei”.

E, não deixou espaço para mais delongas ao definir que “Cabe, inclusive, ao Presidente do Conselho de Administração dar imediato e efetivo cumprimento ao plano aprovado, tão logo homologado, assegurando, dentre outras, as condições provisórias de governança corporativa e conversão de dívida em ações, conforme manifestação soberana dos credores”.

Desta forma, o BS entende que do ponto de vista estritamente do encaminhamento do Plano de Recuperação Judicial a Companhia está habilitada a negociar e implementar as decisões aprovadas, praticamente por unanimidade, na AGC realizada em 20 de dezembro de 2017.


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Resta aguardar os desdobramentos de eventuais recursos judicias anunciados por Partes que se julgam prejudicadas com as decisões da AGC e a anunciada realização de uma AGE convocada pela Bratel (sucessora da Pharol), tratada em um outro item deste BS Nº 01/2018.

Na sequência, é reproduzido o texto do FATO RELEVANTE conforme publicado no Site da Companhia com pequenas alterações de forma para uma melhor leitura do mesmo.

Oi S.A. - In Judicial Reorganization FATO RELEVANTE

Homologação do Plano de Recuperação Judicial

Oi S.A. - Em Recuperação Judicial ("Oi" ou "Companhia"), em cumprimento ao art. 157, §4º da Lei nº 6.404/76, nos termos da Instrução CVM nº 358/02 e em complemento aos Fatos Relevantes de 20 e 29 de dezembro de 2017, informa a seus acionistas e ao mercado em geral que, nesta data, o Juízo da 7ª Vara Empresarial da Comarca da Capital do Estado do Rio de Janeiro concedeu a recuperação judicial da Companhia e de suas subsidiárias [...] (todas, em conjunto, "Recuperandas"), e homologou o Plano de Recuperação Judicial das Recuperandas ("Plano"), com as seguintes ressalvas:

"a) ser inválida a Seção 11 do Anexo (denominado Subscription and Commitment Agreement do PRJ), no que tange à faculdade conferida às Recuperandas de realizarem reembolso de despesas incorridas pelos credores na busca pela satisfação de seus créditos;

b) serem as condições previstas no item 5 do mesmo Anexo, que preveem o pagamento de commitment fee, extensíveis a todos os credores nas mesmas condições".

A decisão também tratou de convocação de Assembleia Geral Extraordinária de Acionistas para deliberar sobre matérias que impactem no Plano, esclarecendo o seguinte: "Considero, contudo, que as alterações pertinentes, inclusive do estatuto social da companhia, aprovadas no PRJ dispensam a realização de AGE e podem ser levadas a cabo pelos órgãos de direção da companhia, com base na autorização assemblear de credores, na forma prevista na LRF, que é lei especial em relação à LSA sobre a matéria. (...) A cláusula do plano que regula a governança durante a fase de transição está em consonância com o citado artigo 50 da LRJ, e não viola a Lei das S/A, até porque visa conferir estabilidade institucional aos órgãos sociais e aos administradores da Recuperandas para fins de cumprimento do plano de recuperação judicial aprovado pela manifestação soberana dos credores. Portanto, a convocação de AGE é absolutamente desnecessária para dar eficácia à decisão soberana dos credores. Pelo contrário, a convocação de assembleia de acionistas, nesta hipótese, reinstalaria a instabilidade fortemente rejeitada pelo Judiciário durante todo esse processo de recuperação judicial.".

A íntegra da decisão encontra-se anexa a este Fato Relevante e também está disponível para download no website da Companhia (www.oi.com.br/ri), no Sistema Empresas.NET da CVM (www.cvm.gov.br), além do website da B3 S.A. - Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão (www.bmfbovespa.com.br). A Companhia enviará a decisão, assim que possível, traduzida para o inglês, à US Securities and Exchange Commission conforme o Formulário 6-K.


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Por fim, a Oi esclarece que, de acordo com o Plano aprovado e homologado judicialmente, a Companhia irá informar os acionistas, credores e o mercado a respeito dos prazos a serem iniciados com a publicação da decisão judicial que homologou o Plano.

A Companhia manterá seus acionistas e o mercado informados sobre o desenvolvimento do assunto objeto deste Fato Relevante.

Rio de Janeiro, 8 de janeiro de 2018.

Oi S.A. - Em Recuperação Judicial Carlos Augusto Machado Pereira de Almeida Brandão

Diretor de Finanças e de Relações com Investidores e Diretor

Anatel concede Anuência para os novos Membros do CA da Oi

O Conselho Diretor da Anatel concedeu a Anuência para os novos Membros do Conselho de Administração Transitório da Oi, condição necessária prevista na Resolução Nº 101, por ter havido alterações no Controle da Companhia.

O BS reproduz a Notícia da Anate informando sobre a Decisão que é autoexplicativa.

Notícia Anatel

Anatel aprova indicação os novos membros do Conselho de Administração Transitória da Oi

Por meio de Circuito Deliberativo encerrado nesta sexta-feira, 12, o Conselho Diretor da Anatel aprovou a efetivação da posse dos novos membros do Conselho de Administração Transitório da Oi S.A. - Srs. Marcos Grodetzky, Eleazar de Carvalho Filho e Marcos Bastos Rocha - diante da aprovação em Assembleia Geral de Credores, ocorrida em 19 e 20 de dezembro de 2017, do seu Plano de Recuperação Judicial, homologado pelo Juiz da 7ª Vara Empresarial da Comarca da Capital do Estado do Rio de Janeiro no dia 8 de janeiro de 2018.

A análise da Anatel restringe-se exclusivamente à solicitação de anuência prévia para composição do referido Conselho, nos termos e condições constantes da cláusula 9.2 do Plano de Recuperação Judicial da companhia.

Decisão de Agência Reguladora só pode ser revogada se for ilegal

Sem maiores comentários, pois os leitores do BS têm condições de medir o exato alcance da Decisão, é reproduzida uma matéria do Site CONJUR com o título: “Decisão de agência reguladora só pode ser revogada se houver manifesta ilegalidade”.


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A reportagem vem a propósito do “entendimento” dado pela 14ª Vara do Distrito Federa, mantendo uma Decisão da Anatel.

Decisão de agência reguladora só pode ser revogada se houver manifesta ilegalidade

CONJUR - 1 de janeiro de 2018, 7h26

Decisão de agência reguladora só pode ser revogada se houver manifesta ilegalidade. Com esse entendimento, a 14ª Vara do Distrito Federal manteve decisão da Agência Nacional de Telecomunicações (Anatel) de cassar a licença de uma empresa de acesso à internet do interior da Bahia que terceirizou a prestação de serviços multimídia para provedores em diversos estados do país.

Os ficais da Anatel apuraram que a empresa baiana cobrava aluguel, mensalidades e transferia responsabilidades a essas companhias “parceiras”, infringindo normas que regulam o setor.

A empresa foi punida com a perda da licença para explorar serviço de comunicação multimídia (SCM) por infração grave, em processo administrativo, mas recorreu à Justiça para anular o ato da Anatel que decretou a caducidade da autorização.

Para a Advocacia-Geral da União, ao firmar contratos de parceria para que outros provedores oferecessem SCM, a empresa baiana revendeu ilegalmente autorização concedida pela Anatel. Na ação, a AGU apontou que a atividade exercida pelo provedor de internet necessita de prévia autorização por se tratar de serviço de telecomunicação.

Os procuradores demonstraram que a punição obedeceu às formalidades legais e que aceitar o pedido da empresa representaria impor controle judicial sobre o mérito do ato administrativo, o que seria vedado, sob pena de afronta ao princípio da separação dos Poderes.

Responsável pelo julgamento da ação, o juízo da 14ª Vara do Distrito Federal deu razão à AGU, reconhecendo que o pedido da empresa representaria sobreposição do Judiciário “à autoridade administrativa, anulando a sanção de caducidade imposta, em indevido e inaceitável exame de mérito em face dos critérios utilizados”.

O magistrado reconheceu ainda que o ato da Anatel foi “devidamente fundamentado, encontrando-se em plena consonância com o sistema normativo”, e que a agência reguladora observou “todas as garantias constitucionais e legais” na aplicação da sanção. Com informações da Assessoria de Imprensa da AGU.


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PROBLEMAS DE SEGURANÇA NOS PROCESSADORES DA INTEL

Vem à tona nos Estados Unidos uma seríssima questão de segurança atingindo a parte mais sensível dos dispositivos de informática utilizados corriqueiramente no dia a dia dos cidadãos de todo o mundo: os processadores!

Com efeito, a Intel, uma das pioneiras no desenvolvimento e fabricação destes componentes, está sendo processada por ter “omitido” dos usuários que seus processadores fabricados na última década são vulneráveis a ataques de hackers, permitindo que os dados dos mesmos sejam furtados.

Até o momento, três ações coletivas estão correndo Tribunais de diferentes Estados Americanos. Nelas deverá ser comprovado que, efetivamente, houve os prejuízos alegados e não somente demonstrar a vulnerabilidade. Entretanto, para efeito dos “prejuízos morais” a questão já está largamente disseminada na mídia e a Empresa pode ser fortemente atingida.

Uma questão que deverá trazer problemas colaterais para a Companhia é que a solução dos problemas verificados fatalmente resultará em mais processamento tornando os computadores mais lentos.

O problema atinge outros fabricantes de processadores como é o caso da AMD e da ARM, uma Empresa britânica que projeta tais dispositivos.

Comentário do BS

O assunto, certamente terá grandes repercussões no mercado já que é caso adicional a considerar na já conturbada questão da Segurança de informações pessoais dos usuários. Até agora, os casos mais rumorosos diziam respeito à quebra dos Sistemas de Segurança das Bases de Dados das diversas Redes Sociais ou de Sistemas transacionais, como é o caso de Bancos.

Ou, ainda, de espionagem institucionalizada desenvolvida em bases profissionais, como é o caso da existente em relação a assuntos estratégicos ou secretos das Nações. Também, há outros tipos como é o caso da “espionagem industrial”. E, assim por diante...

Com a divulgação do presente caso, o assunto chega no nível dos Smartphones e dos Computadores Pessoais de qualquer cidadão. Portanto, os níveis de segurança desceram a patamares que não se imaginava seriam alcançados, batendo na porta de cada usuário individualmente.

Sempre se soube da vulnerabilidade das comunicações e dos cuidados exigidos para manter o sigilo desejado. Mas, não se tinha ideia – pelo menos tratada publicamente de forma aberta - da possibilidade de ocorrerem problemas de segurança no nível de componentes, como é o caso que está sendo reportado.


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Além dos aspectos apontados vale enfatizar que as questões da “Segurança Cibernética” (Cibersecurity) que vinham ganhando progressiva importância no mundo das comunicações do futuro, parecem ganhar maior relevância na medida em que a sociedade toma ciência e consciência da realidade que deverá enfrentar.

Não se trata somente de questões de privacidade: por si só de extrema relevância. Vale lembrar, por exemplo, o que significa para uma pessoa deixar de ser contratada para um emprego em decorrência de seus dados de saúde serem “vasados” e houver alguma probabilidade de ocorrência de uma doença no futuro imediato.

Mas há temas de segurança das pessoas que as atinge em outros aspectos, inclusive físicos. Não se pode imaginar, ainda utilizando um exemplo da medicina, que um paciente que está sendo monitorado à distância em decorrência de algum problema de saúde, possa correr risco de vida por um processo “invasivo” no sistema que distorça as informações colhidas.

Assim, é de máxima relevância que o tema da “Segurança Cibernética” entre para valer na relação dos assuntos TOP a serem avaliados em 2018 e nos anos subsequentes.

Não pode deixar de ser mencionada a questão da segurança do processo eleitoral que ocorrerá no País em 2018. O Brasil é, provavelmente, o País do mundo que tem as Eleições para Cargos Públicos mais dependentes da informática, em todo o Planeta.

É necessário que se tenha toda a atenção em relação à possibilidade de eventuais “manipulações” que possam ocorrer seja de forma localizada (umas poucas urnas ou numa dada região), ou de modo mais amplo, o que levaria a consequências imprevisíveis.

Na sequência é reproduzida uma matéria publicada na Seção “Redação Link” do O ESTADO DE S. PAULO, com o título: “Intel é processada nos EUA por falhas de segurança em seus chips”.

Intel é processada nos EUA por falhas de segurança em seus chips

Após vir a público que quase todos os processadores fabricados na última década possuem graves falhas de segurança, empresa foi processada em três ações coletivas

05/01/2018 | 13h38

Por Redação Link - O Estado de S. Paulo

http://link.estadao.com.br/noticias/empresas,intel-e-processada-nos-eua-pelas-falhas-de-seguranca-em-seus-chips,70002139691?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=link


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Reuters

Desenvolvedores descobriram uma falha nos chips da Intel que deixa computadores vulneráveis.

Após as revelações feitas por dois engenheiros do Google de que quase todos os processadores fabricados no mundo na última década possuem falhas que os tornam vulneráveis a ataques, a Intel foi processada em pelo menos três ações judiciais coletivas, segundo informações do jornal britânico The Guardian.

Os processos de ação coletiva foram enviados separadamente aos Estados norte-americanos de Califórnia, Oregon e Indiana e buscam compensação financeira pelos danos causados. Nas justificativas, os três processos citam a demora da Intel em tornar público as falhas, descobertas em junho do ano passado. Os processos também alegam que os computadores dos consumidores ficarão mais lentos após serem realizadas as correções sugeridas pela empresa para pôr fim às falhas de segurança.

A Intel, contudo, já se pronunciou dizendo que os impactos de desempenho não afetarão todos os usuários. “O impacto no desempenho depende da carga de trabalho. Para um usuário médio, as mudanças não devem ser significativas e serão atenuadas ao longo do tempo", disse a companhia em nota.

“A vulnerabilidade revelada sugere que esta pode ser uma das maiores falhas de segurança que já aconteceram”, disse Bill Doyle, advogado das partes que estão processando a Intel na Califórnia. “A Intel precisa agir rapidamente para corrigir o problema e garantir que os consumidores sejam compensados por suas perdas”.

Os consumidores precisarão provar danos reais para as acusações serem aceitas nas cortes dos EUA. No entanto, especialistas afirmam que as ações movidas por clientes podem ser só um dos efeitos causados após as revelações da falha Meltdown. Isso porque, provavelmente, Amazon, Google e Microsoft vão buscar algum tipo de compensação financeira pelos gastos que tiveram em soluções de software e hardware para corrigir o problema.

Crise. As duas falhas, chamadas de Meltdown e Spectre, foram descobertas e informadas às empresas de tecnologia em 2017, mas só se tornaram públicas em 2018. Ambas permitem que hackers possam roubar informações pessoais de praticamente qualquer dispositivo de computação contendo chips da Intel, de sua principal rival, a AMD, e da projetista de semicondutores britânica ARM, responsável pelos processadores da maioria dos smartphones do mercado.

http://link.estadao.com.br/noticias/empresas,desenvolvedores-encontram-falha-de-seguranca-em-chips-da-intel,70002137370

http://link.estadao.com.br/noticias/empresas,desenvolvedores-encontram-falha-de-seguranca-em-chips-da-intel,70002137370


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What You Need to Do Because of Flaws in Computer Chips

By CADE METZ and BRIAN X. CHEN JAN. 4, 2018

Technology companies are rushing to fix two major flaws in popular computer chips. Businesses and consumers can protect against one of them if they keep their software up-to-date with patches. The

other? It’s not so easy. Credit Sascha Steinbach/European Pressphoto Agency

On Wednesday, a group of security experts revealed two security flaws that affect nearly all microprocessors, the digital brains of the world’s computers. These flaws, called Meltdown and Spectre, could allow hackers to lift passwords, photos, documents and other data from smartphones, PCs and the cloud computing services that many businesses rely on.

Some of the world’s largest tech companies have been working on fixes for these problems. But the researchers who discovered the flaws said one of them, Spectre, is not completely fixable. “It is a fundamental flaw in the way processors have been built over the last decades,” said Paul Kocher, one of the researchers who discovered these flaws.

Here is a guide to what you need to know and what you should do.

Where exactly are these flaws?

Both are issues with the way computer chips are designed.

Meltdown affects most processors made by Intel, the company that supplies the chips for a majority of PCs and more than 90 percent of computer servers.

Spectre is far more difficult for hackers to exploit. But it is even more pervasive, affecting Intel chips, microprocessors from the longtime Intel rival AMD and the many chips that use designs from the British company ARM. Your smartphone most likely contains an ARM chip.

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/03/business/computer-flaws.html


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Why are they such a problem?

Both flaws provide hackers with a way of stealing data, including passwords and other sensitive information. If hackers manage to get software running on one of these chips, they can grab data from other software running on the same machine.

This is a particular issue on cloud computing services.

Why are cloud computing services so important?

Operated by companies like Amazon, Microsoft and Google, these are services where any business or individual can rent access to computing power over the internet. On a cloud service, each server is typically shared by many different customers. By exploiting the Meltdown flaw, a hacker can just load some software onto a cloud service and then grab data from anyone else who has loaded software onto the same server.

What about phones and PCs?

Phones and PCs are more difficult targets. Before they can exploit the chip flaws, hackers must find a way of getting their software onto your device. They could fool you into downloading an app from a smartphone app store. Or they could trick you into visiting a website that moves code onto your machine.

But companies are fixing these flaws?

They are trying. Meltdown can be fixed by installing a software “patch” on the machine. Microsoft has released a patch for PCs that use its Windows operating system. Apple said it had released software patches for iOS, Macs and the Apple TV that help mitigate the issue. Intel is also working on updates to help fix the problem.

The onus is now on consumers and businesses to install the fix on their machines.

What should I do as a consumer?

Keep your software up-to-date. That includes your operating system and apps like your web browser and antivirus software. Microsoft, Mozilla and Google have already released patches for Internet Explorer, Firefox and Chrome to help address the problem.

Installing an ad blocker on your web browser is also a safeguard, according to security experts. Even the largest websites do not have tight control over the ads that appear on their sites — sometimes malicious code can appear inside their ad networks. A popular ad blocker among security researchers is uBlock Origin.

“The real problem is ads are dangerous,” said Jeremiah Grossman, the head of security strategy for SentinelOne, a computer security company. “They’re fully functioning programs, and they carry malware.”

How do I update my software?

Your operating system and apps typically have a button you can click to check for software updates. For example, in Google’s Chrome browser on a computer, you can click on the three dots in the upper-right corner and click Update Google Chrome. To update Windows, click the Start button and click through these buttons: Settings, Update & security, Windows Update and Check for updates. To update the Mac system, open the App Store app and check the Updates tab for the latest software.

https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT208394

https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/ublock-origin/cjpalhdlnbpafiamejdnhcphjbkeiagm?hl=en


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Don’t procrastinate. Last year, a piece of malware called WannaCry infected hundreds of thousands of Windows machines worldwide. Microsoft had released an update before the attack, but many machines were behind on downloading the latest security updates.

What about the cloud services?

Amazon, Google and Microsoft said that they had already patched most of the of servers that underpin their cloud computing services, and that largely addresses the problem. But Amazon and Google also said customers might need to make additional changes.

To share computing power with customers, cloud services offer “virtual machines.” These are computers that exist only in digital form. Customers use these virtual machines to run their own software. After Amazon, Google and Microsoft update their machines, customers may have to update the operating systems running on their own virtual machines to guard against some exploits.

If everybody updates his or her software, all is good?

No. The researchers who discovered Meltdown said that patching systems would slow them down by as much as 30 percent in certain situations. That could be a problem for big cloud systems.

Independent software developers also ran tests on a patched version of Linux, the open-source operating system that now drives more than 30 percent of the world’s servers, and saw similar slowdowns.

“There are many cases where the performance impact is zero,” said Andres Frome, a software developer who has tested the new code. “But if you are running something like a payment system, where a lot of small changes are made to data, it looks like there will be a significant performance impact.”

Consumers are less likely to be affected, and Mr. Kocher said slowdowns could dissipate over time as companies refined their patches.

What about the Spectre flaw?

According to the researchers who discovered these flaws, including security experts at Google, the memory chip maker Rambus and various academic institutions, Spectre can’t be completely fixed. But patches can solve the problems in some situations. Intel and Microsoft and others said the same.

Spectre can’t be fixed?

No, according to the researchers. But Spectre is much more difficult than Meltdown for hackers to exploit.

Similar to Meltdown, Spectre can steal information from one application and share it with another. For example, an app you download from the web could steal information like passwords from other software on a computer.

On Wednesday, the Department of Homeland Security issued an alert that said the only solution to the threats posed by Meltdown and Spectre would be a full replacement of the chips. But that does not seem feasible, given how many machines are involved. “Spectre is going to be with us a lot longer,” Mr. Kocher said.

An Intel vice president, Donald Parker, is adamant that the company’s chips will not need to be replaced. He said that with software patches and “firmware updates” — a way of updating code on the chip itself — Intel and other companies could “mitigate the issues.”

https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/18/us/politics/us-north-korea-wannacry-cyberattack.html


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TECNOLOGIAS QUE MUDARÃO SUA VIDA EM 2018 É usual ao final de cada ano se fazerem previsões sobre os mais diversos assuntos do dia a dia das pessoas no ano seguinte. As inovações tecnológicas via de regra despertam a atenção das pessoas pois a influência que poderão exercer nos seus negócios, nos seus empregos, na sua vida de modo geral abrem perspectivas para as quais é importante ficarem atentas. O Wall Street Journal publicou uma reportagem de autoria de seus repórteres Joanna Stern e Chistopher Mims com o título: “Tech That Will Change Your Life in 2018” (Tecnologias que mudarão a sua vida em 2018). São oito segmentos tecnológicos relacionados na reportagem. Alguns são conceituais como é o caso da Neutralidade de Rede. Cinco deles estão, direta ou indiretamente, relacionados com as telecomunicações. Os três restantes delas dependem para poderem desenvolver suas atividades (Caros Elétricos, Comércio pela Internet, e Inteligência Artificial). Os demais itens estão relacionados com: as Redes Sociais (Facebook); o dinheiro chrypto (virtual); os progressos dos Smartphones suportados pelos desenvolvimentos de software; e os problemas segurança e privacidade na Internet. O BS considera que podem existir outras tão importantes quanto as mencionadas, mas o elenco fornecido pelo WSJ não deixa nenhuma margem de dúvida em relação à sua relevância no futuro imediato. Inclusive, com repercussões que o BS, com alguma frequência tem ressaltado. No caso dos carros elétricos o aspecto ressaltado diz respeito à redução dos seus preços. Isto está em linha com as tendências irreversíveis no sentido de os veículos automotores serem movidos a energia elétrica e não mais por motores a combustível. Mas, há um outro aspecto relacionado com os veículos não abordado na matéria. É o caso dos veículos “autônomos”, ou seja, que se movimentam sem condutor. Esta questão tem merecido grande destaque em reportagens com um enfoque tecnológico mais refinado que é o da chamada Internet das Coisas (IoT). O WSJ, provavelmente para manter o assunto circunscrito a 2018 não avançou neste sentido, diante das evidências que a tecnologia ainda deve mais maturada e, portanto, reservada para um tempo futuro. Na sequência, o BS reproduz o texto da matéria no idioma original.


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Tech That Will Change Your Life in 2018 Electric cars, cryptocurrencies and artificial intelligence are poised for leaps forward. And Amazon will get even bigger

ILLUSTRATION: JASON SCHNEIDER

By Joanna Stern The Wall Street Journal Christopher Mims The Wall Street Journal Updated Dec. 27, 2017 12:29 p.m. ET

It’s been a weird year. In 2017, technology spread its tentacles into our lives in ways we couldn’t have imagined—see the Equifax hack, Russia’s manipulation of Facebook, and Amazon’s purchase of everyone’s favorite overpriced supermarket. In 2018, expect the invasion to get even weirder—and more aggressive.

Artificial intelligence will touch so many of the gadgets and services we use, we won’t even realize that machines, not humans, are behind them. Hackers will continue to pursue the institutions that hold our most sensitive information. The consolidation of power by the big four—Amazon, Facebook, Google and Apple—will have an even bigger impact on what we see on our screens and what we buy.

And while you won’t necessarily pay for your new electric car with Bitcoin, you’ll continue to hear more about it and other cryptocurrencies. (Yes, you’ll soon consider buying an electric car.)

https://www.wsj.com/articles/weve-been-breached-inside-the-equifax-hack-1505693318

https://www.wsj.com/articles/russian-ads-targeted-facebook-users-by-profile-1509563354

https://www.wsj.com/articles/amazon-to-buy-whole-foods-for-13-7-billion-1497618446

https://www.wsj.com/articles/amazon-to-buy-whole-foods-for-13-7-billion-1497618446


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Tech is more powerful than ever. To help you prepare, here’s our annual roundup of the tech that will affect us in the year ahead.

Electric Cars Get Cheap

In 2018, consumers will get decent choices for electric models priced around the U.S. average for new cars: $35,000—even before factoring in state and federal tax credits and lifetime savings in both fuel and maintenance.


Not only is the eagerly awaited Tesla Model 3 ($35,000) due in significant numbers, but the recently released all-electric Chevrolet Bolt ($36,620) will soon be followed by Nissan’s 2018 Leaf ($29,990), with a new look and 150-mile range—up from 107.

There are also more affordable plug-in hybrids, with enough range to make most people’s daily commute an all-electric ride. The Chevrolet Volt ($33,220) can go 53 miles on electricity, while the Toyota Prius Prime ($27,100) can carry you 25 miles without burning gas. In 2018, Honda will finally roll out its own 47-mile-range plug-in hybrid, the Clarity ($33,400).

Facebook Returns to Its Roots

It was a bruising year for Facebook—from scrutiny over the fake news that spread during the 2016 presidential race to the revelations that Russian operatives targeted users by race and religion. The 2018 damage control? Put the “social” back in social network.

“We want the time people spend on Facebook to encourage meaningful social interactions,” CEO Mark Zuckerberg wrote a few weeks ago. His comments suggest Facebook will do more to push commenting, especially on video, rather than passively consuming media.

We’ll also get greater control over what we see. In mid-December, the company began demoting spam-like posts that asked for likes and shares, and released a “Snooze” feature that allows you to hide a person or page for 30 days without having to unfollow or unfriend them.

Amazon Takes Over (Even More)

While it’s already possible to spend your entire day living in Amazon’s world, the company will continue creeping into more corners of your life. Take video: Analysts estimate Amazon spent $4.5 billion on video content this

https://www.energy.gov/eere/electricvehicles/saving-fuel-and-vehicle-costs

https://www.afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/electric_maintenance.html

https://www.wsj.com/articles/facebook-and-google-step-up-efforts-to-combat-fake-news-1486396476

https://www.wsj.com/articles/russian-ads-targeted-facebook-users-by-profile-1509563354

https://www.facebook.com/zuck/posts/10104146268321841

https://www.facebook.com/zuck/posts/10104146268321841

https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2017/12/news-feed-fyi-fighting-engagement-bait-on-facebook/

https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2017/12/news-feed-fyi-fighting-engagement-bait-on-facebook/

https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2017/12/hard-questions-is-spending-time-on-social-media-bad-for-us/

https://www.wsj.com/articles/its-amazons-worldbut-do-you-want-to-live-there-1512586126


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year; next year, the company will spend even more—as much as Netflix did in 2017. Why? People who come to Amazon for video tend to renew Prime memberships and spend more on other stuff, a company exec said.


So where is Amazon going next? Furniture and appliances. Office services. How about your corner pharmacy? What the company learns from Whole Foods stores can be applied to supply chains for any number of real-world businesses.

The company is on track to employ more than 500,000 people in 2018, making it America’s second largest private-sector employer, after Wal-Mart.

The Net Loses Neutrality

In December 2017, cable companies and telcos got what they wanted from the Federal Communications Commission: the rollback of net-neutrality regulations. In the short term, you’re not likely to notice anything different—your internet provider likely won’t block access to your favorite services.


But providers may unveil some new carrots and sticks: A wireless plan with “free” access to your favorite video service, say, or a home broadband cap you discover when your internet speed slows to a crawl after too much 4K video streaming.

https://seekingalpha.com/article/4117120-amazon-com-amzn-q3-2017-results-earnings-call-transcript?part=single

https://www.wsj.com/articles/amazon-makes-major-push-into-furniture-1494581401

https://www.wsj.com/articles/amazon-plans-to-send-alexa-to-the-office-1512008730

https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-real-reason-cvs-wants-to-buy-aetna-amazon-com-1509057307

https://www.wsj.com/articles/amazon-bookstores-offer-peek-into-whole-foods-future-1507887003

https://www.wsj.com/articles/amazon-bookstores-offer-peek-into-whole-foods-future-1507887003

https://www.geekwire.com/2017/amazon-will-exceed-500k-employee-milestone-new-hq-whole-foods-acquisition/

https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2013/08/22/ten-largest-employers/2680249/

https://www.wsj.com/articles/get-ready-for-a-faster-pricier-and-more-confusing-internet-1513515601

https://www.wsj.com/articles/consumers-are-going-to-love-the-end-of-net-neutralityat-first-1486922483

https://www.wsj.com/articles/consumers-are-going-to-love-the-end-of-net-neutralityat-first-1486922483


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You might even see a different sort of plan, a cheap one subsidized by—and centered on—the internet giants themselves. This is how Facebook operates in vast swaths of the developing world, where users see the internet and the social network as one and the same.

Cryptocurrency Feels Less Cryptic


Currently, crypto “currencies” are more like crypto “gold”—the mania over Bitcoin and its ilk makes them better for hoarding than spending (if you can stomach the ups and downs).

No one knows which of the hundreds of existing or proposed cryptocurrencies will be around for the long haul. Meanwhile, the ease of buying and selling them means that the wild ride of 2017—Bitcoin exploding from around $1,000 per coin to nearly $20,000 in late December before plunging 25%—could repeat in 2018.

High transaction fees mean that Bitcoin is largely failing one of its original missions—to become easily transacted digital money. The crush of systems and alternative coins designed to fix that is going to be a major theme of 2018. By the end of the year, you might actually be able to use digital currency to buy a pizza without paying an extortionate fee.

https://qz.com/5180/facebooks-plan-to-find-its-next-billion-users-convince-them-the-internet-and-facebook-are-the-same/

https://www.wsj.com/articles/bitcoin-cash-litecoin-ether-oh-my-whats-with-all-the-bitcoin-clones-1514037600

https://www.wsj.com/articles/bitcoin-plunges-25-in-24-hours-in-a-cryptocurrency-market-rout-1513928835

http://www.wsj.com/video/what-you-can-buy-with-bitcoin-a-10-pizza-for-76/9FE251D5-1BC4-4E6B-BA0F-E3424CDA9263.html

http://www.wsj.com/video/what-you-can-buy-with-bitcoin-a-10-pizza-for-76/9FE251D5-1BC4-4E6B-BA0F-E3424CDA9263.html


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Software Drives Smartphone Progress


Smartphone hardware leapt forward in 2017. Apple and Samsung crammed bigger screens into smaller phones, got rid of home buttons and improved cameras. What happens in 2018? Software.

With the iPhone X, Apple has already changed how we interact with our screens with a new set of swipes and taps. The next iOS and the 2018 iPhones should push the new screen interaction further. As Apple’s face-unlocking system develops, our facial glances and movements likely will do even more. There is also talk of Apple allowing one-size-fits-all apps that can run on both Mac OS and iOS.

In the Android world, as phones get the latest Android 8 (aka Oreo) software, phones will benefit from battery-life improvements and new notification-taming tricks.

AI Moves in Everywhere


https://www.wsj.com/articles/iphone-x-review-yes-there-are-reasons-to-pay-apple-1-000-1509724800

https://www.wsj.com/articles/samsung-galaxy-s8-review-great-phone-but-thats-not-all-that-matters-1492527651

https://www.wsj.com/articles/androids-best-smartphones-raise-the-bar-for-the-next-iphone-1505041201

https://www.wsj.com/articles/iphone-x-review-yes-there-are-reasons-to-pay-apple-1-000-1509724800

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-12-20/apple-is-said-to-have-plan-to-combine-iphone-ipad-and-mac-apps

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-12-20/apple-is-said-to-have-plan-to-combine-iphone-ipad-and-mac-apps

https://www.android.com/versions/oreo-8-0/


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While our conversations with Alexa and Siri show no signs of letting up, artificial intelligence will move more quietly into other aspects of our digital lives.

Already you can see it in Gmail’s auto-replies. Google’s machines analyze your email style to suggest appropriate instant responses. And ever receive an alert from Facebook when someone posted a photo of you with no tag? Its bots are looking out for your face.

All this will get faster, too. In late 2017, Google, Facebook and Apple launched mobile machine-learning tools for app developers, and new AI-optimized chips from companies like Qualcomm and Apple are starting to pop up in smartphones.

The Assault on Security and Privacy Continues


There is a good chance you were hacked in 2017. There is a good chance it will happen again in 2018. The Equifax hack, which exposed the Social Security numbers of nearly 143 million Americans, revealed just how exposed our information is.

Security experts warn that consumers could face new threats, particularly in their internet-connected TVs, toys and other “smart” appliances. Marketers and social media platforms will get more aggressive, too, compiling everything from your location to your credit card transactions to tailor ads to you.

But you can do more to protect your digital security. And the broad data-protection regulations going into effect in Europe this May could change how U.S. companies treat your personal info, too.

https://www.wsj.com/articles/8-things-you-hate-about-gmail-and-how-to-fix-them-1495044178

https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2017/12/managing-your-identity-on-facebook-with-face-recognition-technology/

https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2017/12/managing-your-identity-on-facebook-with-face-recognition-technology/

https://www.wsj.com/articles/chip-makers-are-adding-brains-alongside-cameras-eyes-1507114801



https://www.symantec.com/blogs/feature-stories/2018-cyber-security-predictions

https://www.wsj.com/articles/your-biggest-online-security-risk-is-you-1487786578

https://blogs.wsj.com/cio/2017/12/13/europes-upcoming-privacy-mandate-brings-strict-rules-hefty-fines/


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AVANÇOS NA PADRONIZAÇÃO DO 5G

O BS reproduz partes de uma reportagem do jornal El País relatado os resultados de uma reunião do 3GPP em Lisboa, em dezembro de 2017.

Nessa reunião, os principais Operadores mundiais bem como os fabricantes completaram o primeiro padrão de um Radio para a Rede 5G (5G New Radio ou NR). Trata-se de um padrão intermediário que permitirá testar a telefonia móvel de 5ª Geração, em escala comercial, a partir de 2019, tendo como suporte a atual Rede 4G.

xxxx

El 5G está cada vez más cerca

Operadores y fabricantes de móviles acuerdan estándar intermedio que les permita probar la nueva generación en 2019

El País - Ramón Muñoz

Madrid 26 DIC 2017

Inauguración de la villa 5G en la ciudad olímpica de Pyeongchang (Corea del Sur), donde se probará por primera vez esta tecnología. YONHAP EFE

Los principales operadores y fabricantes de móviles han completado con éxito el primer estándar para la red de 5G New Radio (NR), un estándar intermedio que permitirá probar la telefonía móvil de quinta generación a escala comercial en 2019, sobre el soporte de la actual red 4G.

El 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project), el grupo internacional de colaboración de asociaciones de telecomunicaciones que rige los estándares de las redes móviles, ha aprobado el pasado 19 de diciembre este estándar en una reunión en Lisboa (Portugal).

https://elpais.com/tag/fecha/20171226

https://elpais.com/tag/telefonia_movil_5g/a


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Esta primera versión del 5G NR Non-Standalone (NSA) al usar la red actual 4G permite a los operadores comenzar a planificar sus lanzamientos de 5G con equipos de red y teléfonos móviles que cumplan los requisitos de los estándares para garantizar así su compatibilidad, sin necesidad de tener desplegada la nueva red 5G. Posteriormente, se desarrollará el 5G NR standalone (SA), es decir, independiente ya del 4G. De hecho, añade que algunas especificaciones se han diseñado para que puedan utilizarse tanto NSA como SA de forma unificada y beneficiar así a toda la industria.

El 3GPP aprobó el pasado 19 de diciembre el nuevo estándar en Lisboa.

[…]

Según el calendario actual de 3GPP Release 15, los primeros despliegues de 5G NR con infraestructura y dispositivos 5G NR basados en estándares no estarán probablemente disponibles hasta 2020. En este contexto, las principales empresas del sector propusieron a 3GPP en el último Mobile World Congress (MWC) introducir un hito intermedio para completar las especificaciones relativas a una configuración llamada 5G NR NSA para hacer posibles pruebas y despliegues a gran escala a partir de 2019.

[…]

El 5G proporcionará mayores velocidades, cobertura y prestaciones que el actual LTE-4G. Las conexiones 5G serán 100 veces más rápidas (aunque en laboratorios se han alcanzado velocidades 250 veces), con velocidades medias de 20 Gbps. Eso querrá decir que las descargas de datos incluso superarán a las de las actuales redes fijas de fibra óptica. Por ejemplo, una película de 1GB se podrá bajar en menos de diez segundos

COMPARTILHAMENTO DE ESPECTRO

O BS reproduz um interessante artigo de Colin Gibbs, publicado em um Site especializado, fazendo previsões para 2018, em relação à questão de Compartilhamento de Espectro, um dos temas abordados na PERSPECTIVAS DO BS para 2018.

A matéria destina-se àqueles leitores que têm um maior interesse na questão, pois ela envolve detalhes que não são usuais para as pessoas menos envolvidas.


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2018 Preview: Shared spectrum to be in the spotlight

by Colin Gibbs | Dec 27, 2017 8:00am

Carriers will need more spectrum to meet demand as they transition to 5G. (Pixabay)

Next year may not bring the spectrum feeding frenzy among carriers that 2017 saw, but it will see operators begin to experiment with new models and strategies as they look to increase capacity.

And spectrum-based M&A will almost surely continue—although perhaps on a smaller scale—as operators prepare for 5G.

U.S. carriers once again made very big investments in spectrum in 2017: Among other developments, T-Mobile and Dish Network were the two top bidders in the FCC’s incentive auction of 600 MHz airwaves, which generated $19.8 billion in bids; Verizon agreed to acquire Straight Path for $3.1 billion, ending a bidding war with AT&T; and AT&T quietly acquired FiberTower for an undisclosed sum to bulk up its high-end spectrum holdings.

Those moves came as carriers prepare to deploy 5G services over the next few years and scramble to meet consumers’ ever-growing demand for mobile data. That demand is largely being driven by consumption of mobile video and the increasingly popularity of unlimited data plans, said Brendan Gill, CEO of the network-testing firm OpenSignal.

“Absolutely operators know that by having unlimited plans, they’re going to be challenged to offer capacity” to deliver data services, Gill said. “What we saw on some networks (in 2017) was that the speeds we were recording in August were a lot slower than what we recorded” before some carriers launched unlimited plans.

There are multiple ways to add capacity, of course, but spectrum is a crucial asset. Many major mobile companies—and some potential newcomers--are eyeing 3.5 GHz Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) airwaves, which could come to market sometime next year. But the fight over rules addressing

https://www.fiercewireless.com/author/colin-gibbs

https://www.fiercewireless.com/wireless/t-mobile-dish-and-comcast-top-bidders-incentive-auction-while-verizon-looks

https://www.fiercewireless.com/wireless/verizon-to-acquire-straight-path-for-3-1b-ending-bidding-war-at-t

https://www.fiercewireless.com/wireless/at-t-quietly-acquires-fibertower-for-24-39-ghz-spectrum

https://www.fiercewireless.com/wireless/wispa-keeps-argument-alive-for-not-changing-cbrs-rules


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that spectrum is expected to drag on into next year, and it’s unclear when those airwaves will become available.

The National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) several years ago identified the 3.5 GHz band as suitable for shared use between government and commercial interests as long as incumbents including the DoD and fixed satellite services were given protection. The idea, of course, is to make the most of a finite resource—spectrum—to capitalize on 5G deployments as fully as possible.

But CBRS alone won’t be sufficient as the industry enters the 5G era, according to Jamie Fink, Mimosa Networks’ chief product officer.

“While the CBRS deployments scheduled for mid-2018 are unquestionably a good start, CBRS spectrum will not completely solve our broadband problems. Let’s be honest, the 10 MHz and 20 MHz maximum channel aggregation in CBRS will at best be able to offer 10 and 25 Mbps services, and most people expect this band to be used for additional 5G cellular capacity in urban areas,” according to Fink. “In 2018, I predict we’ll see the fixed wireless broadband, 5G mobile, and satellite industry working together to share the satellite C-band 3.7-4.2 GHz to introduce shared spectrum for fixed, mobile and satellite providers in the areas we need it most.”

Meanwhile, Dish, which is beginning to build out an NB-IoT network to meet the FCC’s deadline for its spectrum, might still be a target for acquisition by a deep-pocketed operator, although the satellite TV provider may insist on going it alone. But carriers will almost surely continue to acquire smaller companies to expand their spectrum portfolios in 2018.

NOTA: Os comentários do presente BOLETIM SEMANAL bem como a edição final do texto são de responsabilidade de Antonio Ribeiro dos Santos, Consultor Principal da PACTEL. A precisão das informações não foi testada. O eventual uso das informações na tomada de decisões deve ocorrer sob exclusiva responsabilidade de quem o fizer. Também não se assume responsabilidade sobre dados e comentários realizados por terceiros cujos termos o BS não endossa necessariamente. É apreciado o fato de ser mencionada a fonte no caso de utilização de alguma informação do BOLETIM SEMANAL.


1

BS N° 01/18A

12/01/18

SPECTRUM LANDSCAPE FOR MOBILE SERVICES

No item “Perspectivas para 2018 - Setor de Telecomunicações no Brasil”, do BS Nº 01/18, são feitas considerações sobre o 5G no subitem “Compartilhamento de Infraestrutura, 5G e Internet das Coisas”.

É mencionado que entre os fatos relevantes a serem avaliados está o da alocação do Espectro de RF para as Redes 5G.

O BS toma a liberdade de sugerir aos seus leitores mais afetos às questões tecnológicas um Whitepaper do 5G AMERICAS (www.5gamericas.org) com o título: SPECTRUM LANDSCAPE FOR MOBILE SERVICES.

O acesso pode ser feito clicando na figura abaixo.

5G_Americas_Whitepaper_Spectrum_Lan


http://www.5gamericas.org/

5G Americas - Spectrum Landscapes for Mobile Services

1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................... 3

1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 3

2 Spectrum Needs of 5G Applications .............................................................................................. 4

2.1 Application-based approach ................................................................................................... 5

2.2 Technical performance-based approach ................................................................................ 8

2.3 Suitable Spectrum for 5G Applications ................................................................................... 9

3 Spectrum Landscape for Mobile Services ................................................................................... 12

3.1 Spectrum Below 6GHz .......................................................................................................... 12

3.2 Spectrum Frontiers >6GHz ................................................................................................... 20

3.3 Characteristics, incumbents and issues of each band Above 6GHz .................................... 20

3.3.1 Mid-Band spectrum (3.7-24 GHz) .................................................................................. 20

3.3.2 3.7- 4.2 GHz Band .......................................................................................................... 20

3.3.3 5.925 - 6.425 GHz Band ................................................................................................ 21

3.3.4 6.425 – 7.125 GHz Band ................................................................................................ 22

3.3.5 28 GHz Band (27.5-28.35 GHz) ..................................................................................... 22

3.3.6 39 GHz Band (38.6-40 GHz) .......................................................................................... 24

3.3.7 37 GHz Band (37-38.6 GHz) .......................................................................................... 24

3.3.8 64-71 GHz Band ............................................................................................................. 25

4 Necessary Actions: Regulatory, Standards, Industry, etc. .......................................................... 27

4.1 Equipment Authorization ................................................................................................... 28

4.2 3GPP Specifications .......................................................................................................... 28

5 International Spectrum Harmonization ........................................................................................ 29

6 5G Spectrum Across Different Regions ....................................................................................... 29

6.1 Region 1 ................................................................................................................................ 29

6.1.1 France ............................................................................................................................ 29

6.1.2 Germany ......................................................................................................................... 30

6.1.3 Ireland............................................................................................................................. 30


2

6.1.4 United Kingdom .............................................................................................................. 30

6.1.5 The Radio Spectrum Policy Group ................................................................................. 30

6.2 Region 2 ................................................................................................................................ 31

6.2.1 U.S.................................................................................................................................. 31

6.2.2 Canada ........................................................................................................................... 31

6.3 Region 3 ................................................................................................................................ 31

6.3.1 China .............................................................................................................................. 31

6.3.2 Japan .............................................................................................................................. 32

6.3.3 South Korea ................................................................................................................... 32

6.3.4 Australia ......................................................................................................................... 32

7 Opportunities for Harmonization .................................................................................................. 33

8 Necessary Actions ....................................................................................................................... 33

9 Conclusion and Recommendations ............................................................................................. 34

Appendix ......................................................................................................................................... 35

Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................ 42


3

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Spectrum continues to be the resource that is in the greatest demand to meet the voracious needs of a data-hungry mobile public. Exponential growth in mobile data demand, in conjunction with the spectrum needs of upcoming bandwidth-intensive applications envisioned for 5G, necessitate the availability of newly licensed spectrum pools.

This paper reviews the potential spectrum resources below and above 6 GHz and highlights the allocated licensed and unlicensed spectrum below 6 GHz. Some of this existing spectrum will not be repurposed for 5G for many years to come. Thus, it’s important that other licensed spectrum bands below 6 GHz be made available for 5G applications within the next couple of years. Additionally, examination of the potential spectrum bands across all bands shows that all spectrum is suitable for 5G applications and that action is needed now to ensure that adequate spectrum resources are made available to meet the demands of connected consumers.

Furthermore, studying the bands below and above 6 GHz shows that almost all new spectrum resources that have a potential to be used for 5G services are encumbered. These spectrum resources are mainly shared spectrum that require clearing and/or development of sharing mechanisms. This leads to the need for regulators and government agencies to take immediate actions in making sure that a reasonable amount of licensed spectrum, preferably with a good chance of global harmonization, becomes available for initial 5G deployments.

1 INTRODUCTION

With the advent and popularity of the smartphone, mobile data usage has been steadily increasing year over year, a trend that’s unlikely to subside anytime soon. Although technology continues to advance to improve spectrum efficiency, it won’t be enough to reduce the need for additional spectrum. Ideally, most of the new spectrum should be in licensed bands, with additional unlicensed spectrum used to offload traffic from licensed bands.

With 5G targeting improvements across three fronts, enhanced mobile broadband, massive-scale connectivity, and ultra-reliable low latency service, there will be different spectrum needs than previous generations of cellular technology. The ever-growing need for use of wireless applications everywhere and the need for higher throughputs, drives the need for not only higher swaths of spectrum, but, also the spectrum that has reasonable propagation characteristic that allows wide area use. mmWave bands provide an excellent resource for large swaths of spectrum, but generally, are not considered as suitable for wide area coverage. To meet the projected data demand and requirements for all use cases cellular operators will need both breadth of spectrum assets across all these type of bands and depth of spectrum assets within bands.

Spectrum sharing is another opportunity. Incumbents that don’t utilize their spectrum very often in both the temporal or geographical domain could share those channels with mobile services when the incumbent is not operating. Future spectrum should be allocated in bands where it can provide the most benefit to wireless consumers.

The paper explores the spectrum needs of 5G applications. The first section examines the growth of data usage over time, including how traffic type changes increase data consumption and affect the types of spectrum that are suitable.


4

The second section reviews the spectrum landscapes for mobile services below and above 6 GHz. Looking specifically at likely and possible FCC allocations for 5G, this section also examines sharing, integration and allocation issues. Further in this section, the action needed to be taken by regulatory and standards organizations is explored to make some of these spectrum possibilities a reality. The last section deals with spectrum harmonization and how the U.S. can ensure global harmonization.

From this point, 5G Americas then makes several recommendations and defines actions that need to take place for the identified spectrum to be utilized for future mobile data services.

2 SPECTRUM NEEDS OF 5G APPLICATIONS

Wireless data consumption has been exponentially increasing over the past two decades, and the trend shows no signs of leveling off anytime soon—if ever. This trend highlights how consumers and businesses depend on wireless data and in turn highlights the importance of licensed spectrum, which is the only type of spectrum that can offer a guaranteed quality level of service. For best-effort applications, unlicensed spectrum can augment the licensed spectrum in certain cases.

Starting with 3G and continuing in 4G, consumption of mobile data has been accelerating in an almost an exponential fashion. Forecasts such as Figure 2.1 predict mobile data traffic of 49 exabytes per month by 2021 and 71 exabytes per month by 2022. As Figure 2.2 shows, video applications will be the lion’s share of mobile traffic.

Figure 2.1: Cisco’s Mobile Data Traffic Forecast.1

1 Cisco VNI Mobile, 2017


5

Figure 2.2: Ericsson’s Mobile Data Traffic Demand Forecast.2

The chart effectively shows that the traffic in 2021-2022 will be about 7-8 times more than today. Additional spectrum is the only way to accommodate that demand. This amount depends on multiple factors, including application types, deployment configuration, radio access technology, spectrum efficiency, geographic location and quality of service requirements. Some of the additional spectrum needs to be at very high frequencies, which can support higher data rates, and some of it needs to be at lower frequencies, such as to ensure reliable indoor service.

ITU-R WP5D in preparation for IMT-2020 considered two approaches in estimating the spectrum needs of terrestrial component of IMT in the 24.5 GHz to 86 GHz frequency range, an application-based approach and a technical performance-based approach.

2.1 APPLICATION-BASED APPROACH

This methodology focuses on the advanced applications for IMT-2020, using a frequency range between 24.25 GHz and 86 GHz, which are mainly expected to require higher data rate than IMT-Advanced. Table 2.1 summarizes some example use cases.

2 Ericsson Mobility Report June 2017

https://www.ericsson.com/assets/local/mobility-report/documents/2017/ericsson-mobility-report-june-2017.pdf


6

Table 2.1: IMT-2020 Estimated Spectrum Needs Based on the Application-based Approach for the Frequency Ranges Above 24 GHz.

Example Tele-densities

24.25-33.4 GHz

37-52.6 GHz

66-86

GHz

Total

Example 1

Overcrowded, Dense urban and Urban

areas

3.3 GHz

6.1 GHz

9.3 GHz

18.7 GHz

Dense urban and Urban

areas

2.0 GHz

3.7 GHz

5.7 GHz

11.4 GHz

Example 2

Highly crowded area

666 MHz

1.2 GHz

1.9 GHz

3.7 GHz

Crowded area

333 MHz

608 MHz

933 MHz

1.8 GHz

METIS-II (the Mobile and wireless communications Enablers for Twenty-twenty (2020) Information Society) has expanded the frequency range of the above IMT-2020 estimates and included both below and above 6 GHz frequency ranges. The bandwidth demand of extreme mobile broadband (eMBB or xMBB) has been estimated for three use cases (UCs) described in Table 2.2. The results are illustrated in Figure 2.3. Note that the estimated bandwidth demand is dependent on many factors, such as the assumed deployment scenario, user density and spectral efficiency (SE).

Table 2.2: Deployment Assumptions and Performance Requirements Use Cases in METIS-II xMBB Bandwidth Estimation.3

3 METIS II

https://metis-ii.5g-ppp.eu/?doing_wp_cron=1510084387.4910719394683837890625


7

Figure 2.3: Spectrum Bandwidth Demand of METIS-II xMBB Use Cases.4

Other use cases, such as mMTC and URLCC, are not considered in the demand estimation shown in Figure 2.3. METIS-II does not provide a definite value of bandwidth demand for these use cases, but rather provides spectrum demand analysis for connected cars as an example of MTC, illustrated in Figure 2.4. This vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) example shows how different assumptions affect the spectrum efficiency (EC) demand of mMTC and URLCC use cases.

4 METIS II



8

Figure 2.4: Spectrum Demand for a V2V Example MTC Use Case (METIS-II).5

2.2 TECHNICAL PERFORMANCE-BASED APPROACH

This methodology uses factors such as peak data rate, spectral efficiency, user experienced data rate and expected device density. In addition, usage scenarios—including their associated expected coverage area, deployment environments and target applications—introduce technical requirements and conditions on a radio system that directly or indirectly impact spectrum needs.

Using the technical performance-based approach, ITU has provided a spectrum needs estimate for frequency ranges below 6 GHz and above 24 GHz. Although the 6-24 GHz spectrum range hasn’t explicitly been considered in this estimation, that swath is very much needed to supplement the spectrum below 6 GHz and provide further resource for the spectrum below 30 GHz.

IMT-2020 has estimated the spectrum needs for the frequency ranges below 6 GHz and above 24 GHz for all the IMT-2020 deployment scenarios including into indoor hotspot, micro and macro layers in dense urban and urban macro. Table 2.3 shows these deployment scenarios and their associated frequency ranges. Table 2.4 provides the spectrum needs estimates, which are based on IMT-2020 requirements for user experienced data rate, peak data rate and area traffic capacity.

Table 2.3: Deployment Scenarios and Frequency Ranges Assumed in the IMT-2020 Technical Performance Approach.

Deployment scenarios

Indoor hotspot

Dense urban Urban macro

Micro Macro

Frequency range

24.25-86 GHz

24.25-43.5 GHz

<6 GHz <6 GHz

5 METIS II



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Table 2.4: Spectrum Needs Estimate Result of IMT-2020 for Below 6 GHz and Above 24 GHz.

Deployment scenario

Macro Micro Indoor hotspot

Total spectrum needs for below 6 GHz

808-1078 MHz* – –

Total spectrum needs for 24.25-86 GHz

– 14.8-19.7 GHz*

Spectrum needs for 24.25-43.5 GHz

– 5.8-7.7 GHz 9-12 GHz

Spectrum needs for 45.5-86 GHz

– –**

* Considering the coexistence between multiple network operators (e.g. the guard band(s) may be required in the case of multiple network operator scenarios), the total spectrum needs are expected to be increased.

** The division in this table regarding frequency ranges and deployment scenarios is just an indicative example how spectrum needs could be distributed for different spectrum sub-ranges within 24.25-86 GHz and different deployment scenarios. This table should not be understood nor used to exclude any possible IMT-2020 deployment options in these sub-ranges.

2.3 SUITABLE SPECTRUM FOR 5G APPLICATIONS

To date, the most suitable spectrum has been licensed bands because they’re the only spectrum capable of meeting goals such as coverage, quality of service and congestion/load balancing. The ITU-R WP 5D reviews spectrum needs for mobile services and makes recommendations to regional regulatory authorities. The ITU-R’s spectrum needs estimate, shown in Table 2.4, considers frequency ranges below 6 GHz and above 24 GHz for 5G applications. The propagation characteristics of spectrum in the 24-86 GHz range are suitable for certain applications, mainly outdoor hotspot and indoor micro and pico-deployment environments. Most of the frequency ranges below 6 GHz are suitable for all deployment scenarios.

To support all 5G applications in different deployment environments, spectrum both below and above 6 GHz are necessary. Table 2.5 considers this notion and specifies the suitable spectrum ranges below 6 GHz and above 24 GHz for a variety of 5G applications. The spectrum in the 6-24 GHz range hasn’t been included in Table 2.5, but that spectrum is definitely suitable for 5G applications. The lower part of 6-24 GHz spectrum can be used in similar scenarios as the spectrum below 6 GHz, and its upper part has similar characteristics as the spectrum above 24 GHz.


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Table 2.5: Spectrum Ranges Considered Suitable for 5G Applications.

Usage Scenario High-level Requirement

Potential Spectrum-Related Implications

Spectrum Ranges Considered Suitable

Enhanced Mobile Broadband

Ultra-high-speed radio links

Ultra-wide carrier bandwidths, e.g. 500 MHz

Multi-gigabit front haul/backhaul, indoor

> 24 GHz

High speed radio links

Wide carrier bandwidths, e.g. 100 MHz

Gigabit fronthaul/backhaul

3-6 GHz

Support for low to high-Doppler environment

Depends on the throughput requirement

All ranges

Ultra-low latency Short range implications 3-6 GHz, > 24 GHz

Low latency Mid-short-range implications 3-6 GHz

Ultra-high reliability radio links

Severe impact of rain and other atmospheric effects on link availability in higher frequencies, e.g. mm-wave, for outdoor operations

< 6 GHz

High reliability radio links

Impact of rain and other atmospheric effects on link availability in higher frequencies, e.g. mm-wave, for outdoor operations

< 6 GHz

Ultra-reliable Communications

Short range Higher frequencies, e.g. mm-wave

> 24 GHz

Medium-Long range

Lower frequencies, e.g. sub-6 GHz

< 6 GHz


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Ground/obstacle penetration

Lower frequencies, e.g. sub-1 GHz

< 1.5 GHz

Massive Machine-Type Communications

Operation in cluttered environment

Diffraction dominated environment in lower frequencies

Reflection dominated environment in higher frequencies

All ranges

Operation near fast-moving obstacles

Frequency-selective fading channels

All ranges, especially below 6 GHz

Mesh networking High-speed distributed wireless backhauls operating in-band or out-of-band

> 24 GHz


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3 SPECTRUM LANDSCAPE FOR MOBILE SERVICES

3.1 SPECTRUM BELOW 6GHZ

Using the criteria provided in Table 2.4, this section reviews the spectrum allocations below 6 GHz for their ability to support 5G mobile services. The section focuses on allocations between 1300 MHz and 7125 MHz. The lower boundary is based upon a proposed Congressional direction to NTIA to prepare a report relating to the relocation of incumbent federal stations starting at 1300 MHz.6 The upper boundary of the 6 GHz band is typically 7125 MHz, which is also the upper limit of 6GHz band in FCC’s mid-band Notice Of Inquiry (NOI).

The following tables discuss the spectrum landscape for mobile services below 6 GHz. Table 2-1 lists the allocations and assignments for mobile use at 1695-3700 MHz. The table briefly describes the use and sharing status, if any. It should be noted that wireless operators are currently using some the spectrum listed in this table for 4G and other broadband applications and that most of this spectrum won’t be repurposed to 5G for many years to come. An exception could be the 3550-3770 MHz band, which, if the FCC adopts the changes it has proposed to the license term and scope and other conditions to encourage investment, could become a leading 5G band. It’s important that other licensed spectrum below 6 GHz be made available for 5G applications within the next couple of years. 3GPP is currently defining bands for 5G and is establishing band-definition criteria and which current allocated frequencies will be defined for 5G use.

Table 3.1: Spectrum Allocated that also May Be Used for 5G.

Frequency Range (MHz) BW Use Sharing Status

Low High 1695 1780 85 MHz Pt. 27

MOBILE (AWS Uplink) Initial transitional sharing with Federal systems while they relocate. No long-term sharing.

1850 2025 175 MHz Pt. 27 MOBILE PCS & AWS (Downlink)

2110 2200 100 MHz Pt. 27 AWS (Downlink)

2305 2310 5 MHz Pt. 27, 97 WCS Band 2305-2320 / 2345-2360

2310 2320 10 MHz Pt. 27 WCS Band 2305-2320 / 2345-2360

Adjacent-band sharing with SDARS (2320-2345)

2495 2500 5 MHz Pt. 18, 25, 27 BRS

2500 2655 155 MHz Pt. 27 BRS & EBS Bands Thousands of licenses in both services

2655 2690 35 MHz Pt. 27 BRS & EBS Bands

6 See AIRWAVES Act, S.1682, Aug 1, 2017


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Thousands of licenses in both services

3550 3600 150 MHz Pt. 96 (CBRS) Sharing with Navy radar via Spectrum Access System

3600 3650 Pt. 25 & 96 (CBRS) Sharing with FSS and Pt. 90 users (until 2020) via Spectrum Access System

3650 3700

Table 3.2 shows allocations that could likely be used for 5G mobile services based upon whether the allocation is being considered for 5G, whether as part of the Spectrum Pipeline7 (e.g., 1300-1350 MHz) or the subject FCC interest (e.g., spectrum in the 3700 MHz-24 GHz NOI). The total bandwidth of allocations in this table is 1.65 GHz. The table shows the current sharing status and number of assignments. It also discusses actions needed to advance the allocations to 5G, which for these allocations is to essentially complete the rulemaking proceedings. Finally, the table identifies suggestions or issues integrating the allocations into the 5G spectrum pool strictly from the perspective of spectrum regulatory policy or sharing issues.

Table 3.2: Spectrum Likely to be Used for 5G.

Frequency Range (MHz)

BW Use Sharing Status

Necessary Actions

5G Integration Issues

Low High 1300 1350 50 MHz Pt. 87

ASR Part of Spectrum Pipeline

TBD Likely relocation Over 360 Fed assignments Spectrum Efficient National Surveillance Radar Program (SENSR) solicitation open

Need to address sharing/relocation with existing ASR Needs MOBILE allocation Need rulemaking Time frame is ~2020

Possible pair with 1780-1830 MHz

3700 4200 500 MHz

Pt. 25 & 101 FSS & FS Band Paired with 6 lower GHz

Under study in FCC's NOI (FCC 17-183) Over 4600 licensed FSS stations

Comment on NOI and resulting NPRM More study needed on sharing methodologies and feasibility of relocation

5G use of the band will require relocation, sharing or both

5925 6425 500 MHz

Pt. 15, 25, 101 FSS & FS Band

Under study in FCC's NOI (FCC 17-183) Over 23000

Comment on NOI and resulting NPRM More study

5G use of the band will require relocation, sharing or both

7 Id


14

(Lower 6 GHz Band)

FS paths Over 1500 FSS stations

needed on sharing methodologies and feasibility of relocation

6425 6525 100 MHz

Pt. 15, 25, 74F, 78, 101 FSS & FS Band (Upper 6 GHz Band)

Under study in FCC's NOI (FCC 17-183) Over 15000 FS paths

6525 6700 175 MHz

Pt. 15, 25, 101 FSS & FS Band (Upper 6 GHz Band)

6700 6875 175 MHz

Pt. 15, 25, 101 FSS & FS Band (Upper 6 GHz Band)

6875 7025 50 MHz Pt. 15, 25, 74F, 78 FSS & FS Band (Upper 6 GHz Band)

7025 7075 50 MHz Pt. 15, 74F, 78 FSS & FS Band (Upper 6 GHz Band)

7075 7125 50 MHz

Table 3.3 describes allocations that could be reallocated for 5G use generally based upon the following:

a. The allocation already has a mobile designation (e.g., 1390-1395 MHz) b. The allocation is similar to other allocations that have been re-designated (e.g., 1785-1850

MHz) c. The allocation appears to be lightly used and could provide additional spectrum to the 5G

pool (e.g., 5000-5150 MHz) d. The allocation has is part of an allocation that could be used for 5G (e.g., 2360-2400 MHz)

The total bandwidth of allocations in this table is 987.5 MHz. As with Table 3.2, this table identifies the current sharing status and number of assignments where possible. The table also indicates


15

actions needed to advance the allocations to 5G, which for these allocations is to essentially study the applicability of reallocation and sharing issues. The table identifies suggestions or issues integrating the allocations into the 5G spectrum pool strictly from the perspective of spectrum regulatory policy or sharing issues.

Table 3.3: Spectrum for Possible 5G Use.

Frequency Range (MHz)

BW Use Sharing Status

Necessary Actions 5G Integration Issues

Low High 1390 1395 5

MHz Pt. 27 TerreStar Unpaired (1390-1392) TerreStar 1392-1395 paired with 1432-1435 TerreStar working on waiver

Possible adjacent-band issues with ASR and WMTS.

Depends on waiver and ultimate licensing status. TerreStar plans to lease to WMTS users if waiver is granted. If not, they may lose licenses and bands will become available.

Total only 8 MHz Asymmetric pairing Possible application for IoT

1432 1435 3 MHz

Pt. 27 TerreStar 1432-1435 paired with 1392-1395 TerreStar working on waiver

Possible adjacent-band issues with WMTS and AMT.

1525 1559 34 MHz

Pt. 25, 80, 87 LightSquared MSS downlink (w/ATC) Inmarsat Paired with 1626.5-1660.5

Upper end (1559 MHz) adjacent to GPS LightSquared and Inmarsat share

Work with licensees to use or with FCC to purpose

Total of 68 MHz with paired uplink. Depends upon ultimate status of band. Sharing may be possible, but need to study. Band 24 downlink

1610 1626.5 16.5 MHz

Pt. 25, 87 Globalstar MSS downlink (w/ATC) Paired: 1610-1617.775 / 2483.5-2495

Work with licensees to use or with FCC to purpose

Total of 33 MHz with paired uplink. Need to study.

1626.5 1660.5 34 MHz

Pt. 25, 80, 87 LightSquared MSS uplink (w/ATC) Inmarsat Paired with 1525-1559

LightSquared and Inmarsat share Adjacent to radio astronomy above 1660.5

Work with licensees to use or with FCC to purpose as needed

Total of 68 MHz with paired uplink. Depends upon ultimate status of band. Sharing may be possible, but need to study. RA Adjacency


16

may be an issue. Band 24 uplink

1670 1675 5 MHz

Pt. 25, 80, 87 Crown Castle (OP, LLC) unpaired Nationwide Federal meteorological

Shared with meteorological satellites Adjacent to radio astronomy below 1670

Work with licensees to use or with FCC to purpose as needed

Depends upon ultimate status of band. Sharing may be possible, but need to study. RA Adjacency may be an issue.

1780 1850 70 MHz

Relocation band for Federal systems moving from 1755-1780.

CSMAC concluded sharing not possible, but could revisit.

Study again for sharing or relocation

70 MHz available, but sharing might be difficult.

2360 2400 40 MHz

Pt. 87, 95 AMT MBANS Amateur

AMT shares with MBANS (Pt. 95). Complex coexistence analyses with AMT

More study, particularly regarding sharing with AMT.

40 MHz available, but need to find band to pair. Part of Band 40 (2300-2400)

4400 4490 90 MHz

Fixed LOS & transportable-fixed PTP microwave systems, drone vehicle control and telemetry systems. Military training. Nuclear emergencies and law enforcement activities

Possible sharing, but situation similar to 1.7 GHz band with Federal equities. Over 1400 Federal assignments.

More study regarding sharing with several different Federal systems (similar to CSMAC work for AWS). Possible reallocation or reassignment or compression into portions of band(s)

580 MHz total spectrum available across 4400-4490

4500 4800 300 MHz

LOS and trans-horizon radio communications Air-to-ground operations for command and control, telemetry to relay data,

Over 2600 Federal assignments.

More study Possible reallocation or reassignment or compression into portions of band(s)


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various range systems, video, law enforcement, drug interdiction missions and nuclear emergency response activities.

4800 4990 190 MHz

Military at test ranges and naval ports around the US. Law enforcement, drug interdiction and radio astronomy.

Over 1400 Federal assignments.

More study Possible reallocation or reassignment or compression into portions of band(s)

4940 4990 50 MHz

Pt. 90Y Public Safety WiFi

Over 3100 commercial and ~ 190 Fed. Assignments.

FCC rulemaking to allocate for non-PS mobile. Study relocation or sharing issues.

5000 5010 10 MHz

Pt. 87 Microwave Landing Systems (few installed) Future GPS applications Testing use of local area networks to support air traffic on the surface of airports.

Approx. 300 Federal assignments across 5000-5250

More study on sharing with airport-based systems. Need to also analyze current spectrum assignments.

150 MHz across 5000-5150

5010 5030 20 MHz

5030 5091 61 MHz

5091 5150 59 MHz

Pt. 25 & 87 Microwave Landing Systems (few installed) AeroMACS Future GPS applications


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Table 3.4 describes unlicensed spectrum allocations under 6GHz. As the chart showcases, there is a considerable amount of spectrum allocated for unlicensed use.

Table 3.4: Unlicensed Spectrum.

Frequency Range (MHz) BW Use Sharing Status

Low High 2400 2450 50 MHz Pt. 18, 97

ISM Band

2450 2483.5 33.5 MHz Pt. 18, 74F, 90, 101 ISM Band

5150 5250 100 MHz Pt. 15, 25, & 87 U-NII-1

One FCC license for WXD (high power) Several Federal applications for aviation, NASA sensors

5250 5350 100 MHz Pt. 15 & 90 U-NII-2A

Radar 5250-5600 including high power WXD Several Federal applications for NASA (EESS) & NOAA Possible relocation band for SPN-43 radar: SPN-50 (5250-5900)

5350 5460 120 MHz Pt. 15, 87 & 90 U-NII-2B

U-NII-2B part of rulemaking (ET 13-49) ULS shows over 130 assignments for WXD Federal uses include AMT and radar (~300 assignments)

5460 5470 Pt. 15, 80, 87 & 90 U-NII-2B

5470 5570 255 MHz Pt. 15, 80 & 90 U-NII-2C

ULS shows ~120 assignments for TDWR WXD (5500-5650) Federal use includes AMT, radar, radiolocation (~ 300 assignments) TDWR sharing has been problematic using DSA

5570 5650 5570 5600

5600 5650 Pt. 15, 80 & 90 (TDWR) U-NII-2C

5650 5725 Pt. 15, 80 & 90 U-NII-2C

5725 5830 125 MHz Pt. 15, 18 & 97 U-NII-3

ULS shows assignments for aviation radar Federal use includes AMT, radar, radiolocation

5830 5850


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5850 5925 75 MHz Pt. 15, 18, 90 (DSRC), 95, 97 U-NII-4

U-NII-4 part of rulemaking (ET 13-49) ULS shows over 70 assignments for DSRC Federal use includes AMT, radar, radiolocation


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3.2 SPECTRUM FRONTIERS >6GHZ

There has been significant progress in the U.S. toward making spectrum above 6 GHz available for 5G. These bands have traditionally been used for fixed and satellite services. The FCC has been driving this process in several steps:

• Notice of Inquiry (NOI) issued in end of 2014 • Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) issued in end of 2015 • Report and Order (R&O) and a Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (FNPRM) issued in mid-

2016 • Mid-band NOI issued August 2017

On July 14, 2016, the FCC adopted and released an R&O and FNPRM making spectrum in certain bands above 24 GHz available for 5G in an arrangement referred to as Upper Microwave Flexible Use Service (UMFUS). In the process, the FCC asked additional questions regarding implementation of the rules governing those bands, and proposed making additional spectrum available for 5G.

The FCC created a new Part 30 of its rules governing the 28 GHz, 39 GHz and 37 GHz bands (i.e., the UMFUS). There were several petitions for reconsideration urging the FCC to revisit some of the proposed rules under Part 30. The FCC’s decisions on these petitions have not yet been made public.

Satellite operations will be secondary in the 28 GHz and 37/39 GHz bands. Existing satellite operations are grandfathered and additional limited use will be permitted in non-populous areas. The FCC imposed a hard cap of 1250 MHz in auctions and the same level as a screen in transactions. End-of-license-term performance metrics for different applications were established. The technical rules adopted were generally endorsed by the wireless industry.

The FCC also wants to make the 64-71GHz band available for unlicensed use using the same rules (Part 15) applicable to the unlicensed 57-64 GHz band. In addition, FCC is studying several other bands in 24 GHz and above. In August 2017, it issued an NOI for 3.7 GHz through 24 GHz.

3.3 CHARACTERISTICS, INCUMBENTS AND ISSUES OF EACH BAND ABOVE 6 GHZ

3.3.1 MID-BAND SPECTRUM (3.7-24 GHZ)

The FCC sought input on “potential opportunities for additional flexible access particularly for wireless broadband services in spectrum bands between 3.7 and 24 GHz (mid-band spectrum). In particular, the FCC is seeking detailed comment on three specific bands: 3.7-4.2 GHz; 5.925-6.425 GHz; and 6.425-7.125 GHz. These three bands have already garnered interest from industry stakeholders—both domestically and internationally—for expanded flexible broadband use.” The FCC asked for comments on other potential bands that could allocated for exclusive non-federal use or shared federal and non-federal use.

3.3.2 3.7- 4.2 GHZ BAND

The 500 MHz of bandwidth currently allocated for non-federal use on a primary basis for Fixed Satellite Service (FSS or space-to-Earth) and Fixed Service (FS).


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FIXED SATELLITE SERVICE

• Associated with the 5.925-6.425 GHz band (Earth-to-space or uplink)

• 48 satellites use this band to provide downlink signals of various bandwidths

• 4,700 registered Earth stations throughout the U.S.

• Geostationary orbit (GSO) FSS satellites typically have 24 transponders, each with a bandwidth of 36 MHz received by one or more Earth stations

• Uses include delivery of programming content to television and radio broadcasters, cable television and small master antenna systems

• Backhaul of international telephone and data traffic

• Also used for reception of telemetry signals transmitted by satellites, typically near 3.7 or 4.2 GHz

• Most of the earth stations are receive-only (RO)

FIXED SERVICE

These 20 MHz paired channels are assigned for point-to-point common carrier or private operational fixed microwave links. In 1988, there were 39,000 licenses; today, there are 119.

3.3.3 5.925 - 6.425 GHZ BAND

The 500 MHz bandwidth is currently allocated for non-Federal use on a primary basis for FSS and FS.


The FSS Earth-to-space band is associated with the 3.7-4.2 GHz band (space-to-Earth) and 1,535 earth station licenses. Most of the Earth stations operate at fixed locations, but some operate on vessels. One licensee, Higher Ground, has been granted a waiver to operate mobile devices that transmit to geostationary satellites to provide consumer-based text messaging/light email and Internet of Things (IoT). This waiver protects terrestrial operations by using a database-driven, permission-based, self-coordination authorization system. This band is also used for the transmission of command signals transmitted by Earth stations, typically near 5.925 or 6.425 GHz.

FIXED SERVICE

This service may be authorized to operate point-to-point microwave links with up to 120 MHz of paired spectrum. Paired channels may be assigned bandwidths 400 kHz to 60 MHz and there are more than 27,000 licenses.

Uses of this band include:

• Public safety (including backhaul for police and fire vehicle dispatch)

• Coordination of railroad train movements


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• Control of natural gas and oil pipelines

• Regulation of electric grids

• Backhaul for commercial wireless traffic

3.3.4 6.425 – 7.125 GHZ BAND

The 700 MHz of bandwidth in this band is currently allocated for non-federal use on a primary basis for:

• FS: 6.525-7.125 GHz

• Mobile service: 6.425-6.525 GHz and 6.875-7.125 GHz

• FSS UL: 6.425-6.700 GHz and 7.025-7.075 GHz

• FSS UL & DL: 6.700-7.025 GHz


• FSS operations in the 6.425-7.125 GHz band (earth-to-space) are less intensive than in the 5.925-6.425 GHz band.

• Currently, there are about 65 FSS earth station licenses in the 6.425-7.075 GHz band. One foreign licensed FSS space station is authorized the Earth-to-space direction in the 6.725-7.025 GHz band.

• In the 6.615-6.687 GHz band, only feeder links for one radio-navigation satellite are currently authorized.

• FSS operations in the 6.700-7.075 GHz band (space-to-Earth) are limited by rule to feeder links for NGSO MSS in the space-to-Earth direction. In the 7.025-7.075 GHz band, such operations are further limited to two grandfathered satellite systems.

FIXED SERVICE

• FS licensees in the 6.525-6.875 GHz and 6.875-7.125 GHz bands may be authorized to operate point-to-point microwave links on paired channels assigned in specified bandwidths ranging from, respectively, 400 kHz to 30 MHz and 5 MHz to 25 MHz.

• Fixed BAS operations are also authorized in these bands.

• Approximately 18,000 and 4900 licenses have been issued for point-to-point operations, respectively, in the 6.525-6.875 GHz and 6.875-7.125 GHz bands.

The FCC’s Spectrum Frontiers R&O addressed the following bands:

28 GHZ BAND (27.5-28.35 GHZ)


23

This band is currently licensed for Local Multipoint Distribution Service (LMDS) operations. Existing licensees will receive two 425 MHz authorizations on a county basis in exchange for their current 850 MHz licenses issued on a basic trading area (BTA) basis. The FCC permits existing LMDS licensees to exercise the full extent of their rights—including mobile rights—for geographic areas and bands in which they currently hold licenses. Remaining spectrum will be auctioned.

There is no primary federal allocation.

There is also a FSS Earth-to-Space allocation, but FSS is secondary to LMDS in that band. FSS is also secondary to the UMFUS in the 27.5-28.35 GHz band. The FCC concluded that the satellite industry has not shown that it has a legal right to protection from aggregate interference or that harmful aggregate interference is likely to occur from the mobile operations. Notwithstanding that secondary status, an earth station in the 27.5-28.35 GHz band that meets one of the criteria listed below may operate consistent with the terms of its authorization without providing any additional interference protection to stations in the UMFUS:

(1) The FSS licensee also holds the relevant Upper Microwave Flexible Use Service license(s) for the area in which the earth station generates a Power Flux Density (PFD), at 10 meters above ground level, of greater than or equal to -77.6 dBm/m2/MHz

(2) The FSS earth station was authorized prior to July 14, 2016 or

(3) The application for the FSS earth station was filed prior to July 14, 2016 and has been subsequently granted or

(4) The applicant demonstrates compliance with all of the following criteria in its application:

(i) There are no more than two other authorized earth stations operating in the 27.5-28.35 GHz band within the county where the proposed earth station is located that meet the criteria contained in either paragraphs (a)(1), (2), (3), or (4) of this section. For purposes of this requirement, multiple earth stations that are collocated with or at a location contiguous to each other shall be considered as one earth station.

(ii) The area in which the earth station generates a PFD, at 10 meters above ground level, of greater than or equal to -77.6 dBm/m2/MHz, together with the similar area of any other earth station authorized pursuant to section (a) of this rule, does not cover, in the aggregate, more than 0.1 percent of the population of the county within which the earth station is located.

(iii) The area in which the earth station generates a PFD, at 10 meters above ground level, of greater than or equal to -77.6 dBm/m2/MHz does not contain any major event venue, arterial street, interstate or U.S. highway, urban mass transit route, passenger railroad or cruise ship port and

(iv) The applicant has successfully completed frequency coordination with the UMFUS licensees within the area in which the earth station generates a PFD, at 10 meters above ground level, of greater than or equal to -77.6 dBm/m2/MHz with respect to existing facilities constructed and in operation by the UMFUS licensee. In coordinating with UMFUS licensees, the applicant shall use the applicable processes contained in § 101.103(d) of this part.


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3.3.6 39 GHZ BAND (38.6-40 GHZ)

The band is currently licensed for fixed microwave (point-to-point and point-to-multipoint operations). Existing licensees will be permitted to repack the band to create 200 MHz-wide channels (rather than the current 50 + 50 MHz channels). Licenses will be re-issued on a Partial Economic Area (PEA) basis. Remaining spectrum will be auctioned. Just like the 28 GHz band, the FCC proposed allowing existing 39 GHz licensees to exercise the full extent of their rights—including mobile rights—for geographic areas and bands in which they currently hold licenses.

The 39.5-40 GHz portion of the 39 GHz band is allocated to the federal FSS and MSS a primary basis, limited to Space-to-Earth (downlink) operations. The FCC concluded that it is possible for federal operations to share the band with non-federal fixed and mobile terrestrial operations because the protections offered by footnote US382 are sufficient to protect both federal and non-federal operations in this band.

The U.S. Table of Frequency Allocations also accords co-primary status to FSS Earth stations in the 37.5-40 GHz frequencies. But the FCC rules provide that gateway earth stations in the 39 GHz band may be deployed only if the FSS licensee obtains a 39 GHz license for the area where the earth station will be located, or if it enters into an agreement with the corresponding 39 GHz licensee.

3.3.7 37 GHZ BAND (37-38.6 GHZ)

The 37 GHz band presents a number of opportunities because, other than a limited number of existing federal uses that need protection, the band is a greenfield: There are no existing non-federal operations, terrestrial or mobile. In addition, it is adjacent to the 39 GHz band, which presents an opportunity to create a larger, contiguous 37/39 GHz band, subject to similar technical and operational rules. Also, the federal fixed and mobile service allocations are lightly used. There are no current non-federal terrestrial operations in the band.

The 37-38.6 GHz band is also allocated for primary federal use. The FCC has proposed a series of measures in the R&O to enable coexistence between federal and non-federal operations. The FCC also proposed several measures to protect Earth Exploration-Satellite Service (passive) and Space Research Service (passive) in the 36-37 GHz band.

The FCC is considering making the lower segment (37-37.6 GHz) available on a shared basis between federal and non-federal users. The FCC wants non-federal users, which FCC identifies as Shared Access Licensees (SAL), to be authorized by rule. Under this framework, federal and non-federal users will access the band through a coordination mechanism, including exploration of potential dynamic sharing through technology in the lower 600 MHz, which will be more fully developed through the FNPRM and through government/industry collaboration.

The upper segment (37.6-38.6 GHz) will be auctioned in 200 MHz blocks on a PEA basis, which is consistent with the licenses in the 39 GHz band.

The FCC also has an operability requirement for devices operating in either the 37 GHz or 39 GHz band to be capable of operating across the entirety of both bands, from 37 GHz to 40 GHz (including the 37-37.6 MHz lower block). Several petitions asked the FCC to reconsider and/or clarify this operability requirement since the upper segment of the 37/39 GHz band (37.6-40 GHz) will almost certainly be available for use before a licensing and/or sharing regime is adopted for the 37 GHz lower band segment (37-37.6 GHz).


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3.3.8 64-71 GHZ BAND

There are no licensed operations in 64-71 GHz. Frequencies from 64-71GHz are not among those listed in the FCC’s rules as available for licenses issued in the terrestrial fixed service or for any satellite services except for inter-satellite service (ISS), but there are no current ISS licenses. There are currently no active satellite licenses in that band.

The FCC wants to make the band available for unlicensed use using the same rules (Part 15) applicable to the unlicensed 57-64 GHz band. However, several petitions have asked the FCC to reconsider allocating the entire 64-71 GHz band to unlicensed operations.

In the Further Notice issued at the same time as the Report and Order, the FCC sought comment on the following:

• Use of additional millimeter wave bands, and under what conditions

• How the lower segment of the 37 GHz band should be shared between federal and non-federal users (as well as other questions regarding operations in that band)

• Proposed shared use of the upper segment of the 37 GHz band, either by federal users, or under

a use-it-or-share-it approach

• Whether there should be additional performance metrics to qualify for renewal (including the possibility of imposing use-it-or-share-it throughout the millimeter wave bands)

• Implementation of the spectrum aggregation limits at auction, how to apply them to new millimeter wave bands, and holding periods for auctioned licenses

• Potential increase in PFD limits for satellite operations in the 39 GHz band and permitting satellite user equipment in the band

• Digital station identification

Technical issues such as permitted antenna heights, smaller authorized bandwidths for certain devices, coordination criteria at market borders for fixed operations and appropriate sharing analysis and modeling.

Table 3.5 summarizes information about the additional bands included for further comments in the FCC’s FNPRM on Spectrum Frontiers.

Table 3.5: Summary of Proposals in FCC’s FNPRM on Spectrum Frontiers.

24 GHz Bands (24.25-24.45 GHz and 24.75-25.25 GHz)

• Adding a mobile allocation to the 24.25-24.45 and 24.75-25.25 GHz segments of the 24 GHz band and a fixed allocation to 24.75-25.05 GHz

• Authorizing both mobile and fixed operations in those segments on a co-primary basis under the Part 30 UMFUS rules

• Licensing the 24.25-24.45 GHz band segment as a single, unpaired block of 200 megahertz, and the 24.75-25.25 GHz band segment as two unpaired blocks of 250 megahertz each

• Promoting effective sharing between satellite and mobile uses


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32 GHz Band (31.8-33.4 GHz)

• Adding primary non-federal fixed and mobile service allocations to the 32 GHz band, and authorizing fixed and mobile allocations there under the Part 30 UMFUS rules

• Licensing the band using either 200- or 400-megahertz wide channels • protecting radio navigation operations in the 32 GHz band; and

protecting radio astronomy observations in the adjacent 31.3-31.8 GHz band

42 GHz Band (42-42.5 GHz)

• Authorizing fixed and mobile service to operate in the 42 GHz band under the Part 30 UMFUS rules, as long as adjacent-channel RAS services are protected

• Geographic area licensing using PEAs as the geographic area • Denying the Fixed Wireless Communications Coalition (“FWCC”)’s

request for establishing point-to-point-only rules for fixed service in the band, but keeping FWCC’s request pending for the 42.5-43.5 GHz band.

• Establishing protections for RAS observations (e.g., special OOBE limits or a guard band) in the 42.5-43.5 GHz band

• Appropriate band plan for the 42 GHz band • Adding federal fixed and mobile allocations into the band • Establishing a framework under which federal and non-federal users

could share the band (potentially on a co-primary basis)

47 GHz Band (47.2-50.2 GHz)

• Authorizing fixed and mobile operations in the 47 GHz band under the Part 30 UMFUS rules

• Adopting the sharing framework adopted for the 28 GHz band • The best approach for sharing between FSS user equipment and

terrestrial operations • Sharing with co-primary federal services in the 48.2-50.2 GHz band • Protection of passive services in the adjacent 50.2-50.4 GHz band. • Appropriate band plan for the 47 GHz band and notes, as a possibility,

dividing the band into six channels of 500 megahertz each

50 GHz Band

(50.4-52.6 GHz)

• Authorizing fixed and mobile operations in the 50 GHz band under the Part 30 UMFUS rules

• Using geographic area licensing on a PEA basis. • Non-federal satellite allocations in the 50.4-51.4 GHz band • Sharing between terrestrial and satellite operations • Sharing with co-primary federal services in the 50.4-52.6 GHz band • Protecting passive services in the adjacent 50.2-50.4 GHz and 52.6-

54.25 GHz bands • Appropriate band plan for the 50 GHz band and notes, as a possibility,

establishing ten channels of 200 megahertz each, consistent with the 39 GHz band


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70/80 GHz Bands (71-76 GHz and 81-86 GHz)

• Establishing a Spectrum Access System (“SAS”)-based regulatory framework under either the Part 96 CBRS rules or the new Part 30 UMFUS rules

• Protecting mechanism for existing 70/80 GHz licensees • Appropriate means for protection of federal incumbents • Feasibility of authorizing Part 15 unlicensed, indoor-only operations • Establishing a separate regulatory framework for the 16 counties already

heavily registered with incumbent users

Bands above 95 GHz • Most attractive parts of the spectrum from the standpoint of technology

development and successful coexistence with existing services • Licensed or unlicensed use • Appropriate technical rules • Permitting mobile and fixed service

Commenters generally applauded the FCC for considering more bands in addition to the R&O bands for 5G services. Some commenters, including 5G Americas, asked the FCC to also consider bands that WRC-15 agreed to study over the current cycle and that are not among the FNPRM bands.

5G Americas also urged the FCC to adopt the following:

• Repurpose all of the FNPRM bands for flexible use, and do so on a solely licensed basis

• A SAS approach is not appropriate for the millimeter wave bands under consideration

• Reject Use or Share (UoS) in the Upper Band Segment (UBS) of 37.6-38.6 GHz

• The 70/80 GHz bands should be considered for flexible licensed use, including mobile

• Co-equal federal and non-federal users should meet the same technical requirements and use a common coordination framework

• The FCC’s early adoption of secondary market rules provides sufficient incentives for efficient use of spectrum

With respect to the question of potential increase in PFD limits for satellite operations in the 39 GHz band and permitting satellite user equipment, the mobile industry generally rejected such considerations.

4 NECESSARY ACTIONS: REGULATORY, STANDARDS, INDUSTRY, ETC.

5G has the potential to change the way we live, work and play. Mobile wireless technology could be considered just as important as other societal services like electricity, roads, sewers and water. However, there is much to be done to continue the great progress of 4G technology advancements as the industry moves toward the 5G era.


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4.1 EQUIPMENT AUTHORIZATION

The FCC’s Office of Engineering and Technology (OET) was delegated authority to administer the equipment authorization program for RF devices under Part 2 of its rules. All RF devices subject to equipment authorization must comply with the FCC’s rules prior to importation or marketing by being tested for compliance with the applicable technical requirements. This process uses measurement procedures that either follow guidance issued by OET through its Knowledge Database (KDB) publications or that have been found to be acceptable to the FCC in accordance with Section 2.947 of the rules.

The FCC recognized that there are some unique technical challenges specific to demonstrating compliance for the purpose of equipment authorization of millimeter wave devices. For example, certain parties oppose using effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) as the metric for measuring out-of-band emission limits, proposing instead a different metric using total radiated power (TRP), claiming consistency with recent academic research for multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) antenna arrays. However, TRP is not presently part of the FCC’s measurement procedure guidance for devices using MIMO antennas. The FCC OET is working with interested parties to develop acceptable measurement techniques for millimeter wave devices through its KDB publications as products are developed.

RF exposure compliance is an ongoing requirement for all transmitters authorized by the FCC. Specific guidance on evaluating devices operating in this service will similarly be issued by OET.

4.2 3GPP SPECIFICATIONS

The FCC’s licensed frequency bands in the R&O are part of the bands being specified in 3GPP:

• 26.5-29.5 GHz covering the U.S. 28GHz band

• 37-43.5 GHz covering the U.S. 37/39GHz bands

3GPP also has a study item on 5G in unlicensed bands below and above 6GHz. Unlicensed bands above 52.6 GHz covering the FCC’s 64-71 GHz swath will be considered to the extent that waveform design principles remain unchanged with respect to below 52.6 GHz bands. This study item is a lower priority than the work on licensed spectrum.


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5 INTERNATIONAL SPECTRUM HARMONIZATION

Globally harmonized spectrum remains integral to the continued growth of the mobile industry and should be the touchstone for selecting spectrum for IMT-2020 (5G).8 That’s because globally harmonized spectrum allocations result in a broader ecosystem for technology, equipment and engineering expertise. This in turn enables economies of scale, lower costs for deployment, more rapid roll-out of new services and enhanced competition among suppliers to the global markets.

5G networks are expected to operate over a wide range of licensed and unlicensed frequencies in low, medium and high spectrum bands, but those frequencies have yet to be specifically defined by 3GPP. It can be assumed that most of the bands currently being used for 4G networks will be reallocated in time to 5G technologies. Meanwhile, activity around the world has already begun to explore a number of bands both in the context of bands between 24.25 GHz and 86 GHz that are being studied for WRC-19 (Agenda Item 1.13) and on bands not included in the WRC agenda item.

6 5G SPECTRUM ACROSS DIFFERENT REGIONS Different bands may be optimized for particular uses, depending on their varying technical characteristics, the details of national or regional spectrum usage, and competing demands for spectrum. For example, no single band will provide a complete solution for 5G requirements, given the diversity of future applications and their requirements for wider bandwidth, reduced latency and extended coverage area. Because licensed spectrum is able to consistently be used in such a way to guarantee a level of service, it will remain the best possible optimized spectrum solution. To that end, there are significant on-going global activities to identify and trial suitable spectrum for 5G. The bands being consider are both part of the frequencies considered under Agenda item 1.13, but also include bands that are not part of the agenda item. The following sections highlight efforts to identify and allocate spectrum for 5G, primarily mid-band and high-band efforts, globally. The list of regulatory activity in the following regions is not exhaustive but provides informative data examples on the status of spectrum considerations in certain regions.

6.1 REGION 1

6.1.1 FRANCE France (ARCEP) announced plans to allocate spectrum for 5G by the September 2017 timeframe in the 3400-3800 MHz range. The plan is to establish band plan allocations of more than 300 MHz of contiguous spectrum by 2020. Additional reorganization is planned to extend the amount of spectrum to 340 MHz by year 2026.9

8 The ITU program to develop international mobile telecommunications systems for 2020 and beyond is known as “IMT-2020.” See ITU-R Working Party 5D, ITU Towards “IMT for 2020 and beyond,” http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-R/study-groups/rsg5/rwp5d/imt-2020/Pages/default.aspx. 9 France to allocate 5G spectrum in September, Nick Wood, Total Telecom. 26 June 17. https://www.totaltele.com/497381/France-to-allocate-5G-spectrum-in-September

https://www.totaltele.com/497381/France-to-allocate-5G-spectrum-in-September

https://www.totaltele.com/497381/France-to-allocate-5G-spectrum-in-September


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6.1.2 GERMANY

Germany’s federal network regulator Bundesnetzagentur published a framework document on June 28, 2017, with plans for 5G spectrum.10 In 2018, the 3400-3700 MHz band will be awarded as national licenses in 10MHz blocks. The 3700-3800 MHz band will be awarded at a later stage depending on demand for local/regional licenses. The regulator also announced plans to develop an application procedure to allow access to the 26 GHz (24.25 GHz-27.5 GHz) band for 5G. Other millimeter wave bands may be considered over time.

6.1.3 IRELAND Ireland completed its 5G auction in the 3.6 GHz band, which included 350 MHz in the 3475-3800 MHz band.11 Three Ireland CEO Robert Finnegan stated that the company wanted to acquire the optimum bandwidth for 5G of 100 MHz in the auction, in a band that was internationally recognized as capable to support 5G use cases below 6 GHz.12

6.1.4 UNITED KINGDOM The United Kingdom’s Ofcom is taking a leading role internationally in identifying spectrum bands for 5G and has published a report on 5G Spectrum in the UK.”13 Ofcom has already begun the role of identification and allocation of spectrum for 5G. In the mid-band, Ofcom has taken action in the 3.4-3.6 GHz band, where 150 MHz is ready for auction later this year. Ofcom also released a consultation in October 2016 proposing to repurpose 116 MHz in the 3.6-3.8 GHz band. A further consultation on this topic is planned for later this year. In the millimeter wave band, Ofcom has said that it fully supports the identification of the 26 GHz band by Radio Spectrum Policy Group and has started efforts to determine what actions are necessary to make this spectrum available for 5G.14

6.1.5 THE RADIO SPECTRUM POLICY GROUP The Radio Spectrum Policy Group (RSPG) is a high-level advisory group that assists the European Commission in the development of radio spectrum policy.15 The RSPG developed an opinion on spectrum bands for next generation wireless systems (5G) as agreed to in the RSPG Work Programme for 2016. The opinion16 was finalized November 2016 and identified a strategic roadmap for 5G in Europe. In particular, the roadmap identified the following main building blocks for 5G spectrum: 10 Germany unveils 5G spectrum framework, plans auction in 2018. Telecompaper. 29 June 2017. http://gtigroup.org/news/ind/2017-06-29/10751.html 11 Irish 5G spectrum auction raises €78m, Nick Wood, Total Telecom, 25 May 17. https://www.totaltele.com/497141/Irish-5G-spectrum-auction-raises-78m 12 Five firms win Ireland’s first 5G licenses in €78m auction, John Kennedy, 22 May 2017. https://www.siliconrepublic.com/comms/5g-auctions-ireland 13 https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0021/97023/5G-update-08022017.pdf 14 Ofcom updates 5G spectrum plans, TeleGeography, 9 Feb 2017. https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2017/02/09/ofcom-updates-5g-spectrum-plans/ 15 http://rspg-spectrum.eu/ 16 Opinion on spectrum related aspects for next-generation wireless systems (5G) http://rspg-spectrum.eu/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/RPSG16-032-Opinion_5G.pdf

http://gtigroup.org/news/ind/2017-06-29/10751.html

https://www.totaltele.com/497141/Irish-5G-spectrum-auction-raises-78m

https://www.totaltele.com/497141/Irish-5G-spectrum-auction-raises-78m

https://www.siliconrepublic.com/comms/5g-auctions-ireland

https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0021/97023/5G-update-08022017.pdf

https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2017/02/09/ofcom-updates-5g-spectrum-plans/

http://rspg-spectrum.eu/

http://rspg-spectrum.eu/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/RPSG16-032-Opinion_5G.pdf

http://rspg-spectrum.eu/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/RPSG16-032-Opinion_5G.pdf


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• Medium bandwidth spectrum at 3.4-3.8 GHz as a “primary” band, which will provide capacity for new 5G services High-bandwidth spectrum at 24.25-27.5 GHz as the “pioneer” millimeter wave band to give ultra-high capacity for innovative new services, enabling new business models and sectors of the economy to benefit from 5G.

6.2 REGION 2

6.2.1 U.S. The FCC finalized its rules on July 14, 2016, allowing access to spectrum for next generation (5G) wireless broadband in the 28 GHz (27.5-28.35 GHz), 37 GHz (37-38.6 GHz) and 39 GHz (38.6-40 GHz) bands, as well as an unlicensed band at 64-71 GHz. The new rules make available almost 11 GHz of spectrum consisting of 3.85 GHz of licensed spectrum and 7 GHz of unlicensed spectrum. The FCC also issued a further public consultation seeking comment on an additional 18 GHz of spectrum for next-generation services.17 Different use cases require access to spectrum in different frequency bands including low, mid and high-spectrum bands. Mid-band spectrum frequencies offer a unique balance of coverage and capacity. The FCC released a R&O defining its technical and service rules for the creation of the Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) on March 27, 2015, a shared spectrum scheme dividing up 150 MHz in the 3.5 GHz band. Within the order, the band 3550-3700 MHz would be governed under a three-tier system. All tiers would be controlled by the Spectrum Access System (SAS), a cloud-based frequency coordinator.18 Additionally, the FCC is seeking public comment on expanding access in three specific mid-band spectrum bands: 3.7-4.2 GHz for possible mobile broadband use and 5.925-6.425 GHz and 6.425-7.125 GHz for more flexible use. The FCC also asks whether there are other bands that would be suitable in the range 3.7 GHz to 24 GHz.19

6.2.2 CANADA Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (ISED) issued a consultation for spectrum in the 28 GHz, 37-40 GHz and 64-71 GHz frequency bands to support 5G deployments. Comments were due September 15, 2017.20

6.3 REGION 3

6.3.1 CHINA

17 Rules to Facilitate Next Generation Wireless Technologies, FCC, https://www.fcc.gov/document/rules-facilitate-next-generation-wireless-technologies 18 FCC Releases Order for Spectrum Sharing in 3.5 GHz Band, Ben Munson, Wireless Week. 27 March 2015. https://www.wirelessweek.com/news/2015/03/fcc-releases-order-spectrum-sharing-35-ghz-band 19 cite 20 Consultation on Releasing Millimetre Wave Spectrum to Support 5G, June 2017. http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/smt-gst.nsf/eng/sf11298.html

https://www.fcc.gov/document/rules-facilitate-next-generation-wireless-technologies

https://www.fcc.gov/document/rules-facilitate-next-generation-wireless-technologies

https://www.wirelessweek.com/news/2015/03/fcc-releases-order-spectrum-sharing-35-ghz-band

http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/smt-gst.nsf/eng/sf11298.html

http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/smt-gst.nsf/eng/sf11298.html


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In July 2017, China’s Ministry of Industry and Information Technology approved the 4.8-5.0 GHz, 24.75-27.5 GHz and 37-42.5 GHz bands for China's 5G technology research and development testing.21 This action follows MIIT approval of the frequency band 3.4-3.6 GHz in January of 2016, which is to be used for 5G trial in both Beijing and Shenzhen. These tests are meant to verify the various aspects of the 5G technologies and provide a foundation to facilitate early ecosystem development. In June 2017, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Radio Administration expanded the frequency range to 3.3-3.6 GHz, with 3.3-3.4 GHz limited to indoor use and 4.8-5.0 GHz. It also issued a public consultation to seek comments on the spectrum use for 5G.22

6.3.2 JAPAN No decisions have been taken in Japan. However, the analysis of potential frequency bands nevertheless indicates that the frequency ranges which currently have priority for 5G in the millimeter wave bands are 24.25-29.5 GHz, 37.0-40 GHz and 40.5-43.5 GHz, with 27.5-29.5 GHz receiving priority attention. In mid-band spectrum, Japan is currently considering 3.6-4.2 GHz and 4.4-4.9 GHz for 5G.23 Japan also has already allocated spectrum in the 3.5 GHz band.24 After summer 2017, its Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications plans to identify which bands will be available for 5G initial deployment and when that will happen for mobile broadband.

6.3.3 SOUTH KOREA South Korea plans to launch a 5G network at the 2018 Winter Olympics, which will be held in Pyeongchang in February 2018. In a press release, SK Telecom announced in June 2017 that it has successfully demonstrated 5G communications using the 3.5 GHz band.25 SKT plans to use both the 3.5 GHz and 28 GHz bands for 5G network rollouts. A national broadband plan was published early 2017 and indicates 3.4-3.7 GHz and 27.5-28.5 GHz, with the latter possibly to be extended by up to 2 GHz to give a total of 3 GHz, 26.5 – 29.5 GHz. There is an interest in more spectrum for 5G in the longer term, though not decided which frequency band.26

6.3.4 AUSTRALIA In February 2016, the Australian Communications and Media released the occasional paper 5G and Mobile network developments—Emerging issues.27 It recognized that supporting international harmonization played a critical role in leveraging the economies of scale achieved and the resulting benefits for Australia arising from lower device costs. The Australian Communications and Media Authority also issued a discussion paper seeking comment on whether and how to proceed with making the 3575-3700 MHz band

21 Ministry of Industry and Information Technology approved the new 5G technology test frequency, Radio Authority. 14 July 2017. http://www.miit.gov.cn/n1146285/n1146352/n3054355/n3057735/n3057743/c5730476/content.html?from=groupmessage&isappinstalled=0 22 China issues plan to use 3300-3600 MHz, 4800-5000 MHz for 5G, Monica Alleven, Wireless Week. 7 June 2017. http://www.fiercewireless.com/wireless/china-issues-plan-to-use-3300-3600-mhz-4800-5000-mhz-for-5g 23 Japan’s Radio Policy to realize 5G in 2020, Presentation by Kuniko Ogawa, Director for Land Mobile Communications Division, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. June 28, 2016. https://www.gsma.com/spectrum/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/MIC_Spectrum-for-5G-MIC-Kuniko-OGAWA.pdf 24 http://www.gtigroup.org/news/ind/2014-12-25/5208.html 25 SK Telecom demos 5G trial network using 3.5Hz spectrum. 29 June 2017. https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2017/06/29/sk-telecom-demos-5g-trial-network-using-3-5hz-spectrum/ 26 K-ICT Spectrum Plan, Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning(MSIP) of Korea, January 2017. http://blog.naver.com/with_msip/220917986508 27 http://www.acma.gov.au/theACMA/5g-and-mobile-network-developments

http://www.miit.gov.cn/n1146285/n1146352/n3054355/n3057735/n3057743/c5730476/content.html?from=groupmessage&isappinstalled=0

http://www.miit.gov.cn/n1146285/n1146352/n3054355/n3057735/n3057743/c5730476/content.html?from=groupmessage&isappinstalled=0

http://www.fiercewireless.com/wireless/china-issues-plan-to-use-3300-3600-mhz-4800-5000-mhz-for-5g

https://www.gsma.com/spectrum/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/MIC_Spectrum-for-5G-MIC-Kuniko-OGAWA.pdf

https://www.gsma.com/spectrum/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/MIC_Spectrum-for-5G-MIC-Kuniko-OGAWA.pdf

http://www.gtigroup.org/news/ind/2014-12-25/5208.html

https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2017/06/29/sk-telecom-demos-5g-trial-network-using-3-5hz-spectrum/

https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2017/06/29/sk-telecom-demos-5g-trial-network-using-3-5hz-spectrum/

http://blog.naver.com/with_msip/220917986508

http://www.acma.gov.au/theACMA/5g-and-mobile-network-developments


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(ACMA also is interested in examining spectrum from 3400-3700 MHz) available for mobile broadband services.28

7 OPPORTUNITIES FOR HARMONIZATION

The benefits of global harmonization are not limited to situations where all regions have identical spectrum allocations. These benefits can also be derived from “tuning range” solutions, in which adjacent or nearly adjacent bands can be considered harmonized so long as equipment can be reconfigured to operate over multiple bands. In other words, they are within the same “tuning range.”29 Such operational flexibility may sometimes involve radio equipment that operates across a superset of band allocations over several regulatory jurisdictions. It may also entail using specific hardware configurations that are tailored for one or more markets. In considering spectrum allocations, therefore, policymakers should consider not only frequencies that can be allocated domestically, but also the possibilities provided by such global tuning range solutions.

Based on early 5G strategic plans detailed in the previous section, there are several immediate possibilities for global harmonization, considering the “tuning range” for bands 3.3-4.2 GHz, 24.25-29.5 GHz and 37-43.5 GHz. Specifically, 3GPP has included 24.25-29.5 GHz in its 5G Non-Standalone NR that will be part of its Release 15 to enable large-scale trials and commercial 5G deployments as early as 2019. This 3GPP 5G NR is expected to cover the spectrum blocks 27.5-28.35 GHz (U.S., Japan, Sweden, Estonia), 26.5-29.5 GHz (Korea) and 24.25-27.5 GHz (EU, China). These are considered for potential 5G deployments by different administrations around the world, enabling a larger 5G ecosystem to facilitate service adoption, roaming and achieve greater economies of scales.

8 NECESSARY ACTIONS

Since 5G is targeting improvements across three fronts, enhanced mobile broadband, massive-scale connectivity, and ultra-reliable low latency service, there are different spectrum requirements than previous generations of cellular technology. To meet the new and emerging use cases it will most likely be best to utilize a portfolio of spectrum assets consisting of low-band, mid-band, and mm-Wave spectrum.

It is envisioned that low-band spectrum, with its propagation and penetration characteristics, could be used to provide inbuilding coverage in urban areas and wide-area coverage in more rural areas. Mid-band spectrum could be utilized for capacity and high speed in both urban and suburban zones. The large bandwidths available in the mmWave bands can achieve high data throughput speeds but the somewhat limited propagation distances and penetration at these higher frequencies could possibly confine usage to more concentrated areas. It is therefore important that regulators take actions to ensure adequate spectrum resources are available in all bands and allocate adequate bandwidth to support the varied use cases of 5G.

28 Future use of 1.5 GHz and 3.6 GHz bands, Australian Communications And Media Authority. October 2016. http://www.acma.gov.au/theACMA/future-use-of-the-1_5-ghz-and-3_6-ghz-bands 29 The “tuning range” concept emerged from a pan-European plan for temporary terrestrial audio and video links for electronic news gathering, remote broadcasting, and similar applications. Under this approach, a designated “tuning range” represented a range of frequencies over which radio equipment was envisaged to be capable of operating, and within this tuning range the equipment would be limited to the subset of frequencies identified nationally within a given country for those purposes. See Electronic Communications Committee, European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (“ECC/CEPT”), Frequency Ranges for the Use of Temporary Terrestrial Audio and Video SAP/SAB Links (Incl. ENG/OB), ERC/REC 25-10 (Feb. 2003),http://www.ecodocdb.dk/doks/filedownload.aspx?fileid=1665&fileurl=http://www.erodocdb.dk/Docs/doc98/official/Word/REC2510E.DOC .

http://www.acma.gov.au/theACMA/future-use-of-the-1_5-ghz-and-3_6-ghz-bands

http://www.ecodocdb.dk/doks/filedownload.aspx?fileid=1665&fileurl=http://www.erodocdb.dk/Docs/doc98/official/Word/REC2510E.DOC

http://www.ecodocdb.dk/doks/filedownload.aspx?fileid=1665&fileurl=http://www.erodocdb.dk/Docs/doc98/official/Word/REC2510E.DOC


34

Additional studies may be necessary to determine the practical extent of a particular tuning range, especially when considering additional bands identified under WRC2019 Agenda Item 1.13. Tuning ranges allow the development of equipment that accommodates multiple bands and thereby facilitates the development of an ecosystem that can serve multiple markets. Developers and manufacturers can potentially customize equipment for deployment countries and provide flexibility for regulators to manage spectrum resources within any given jurisdiction. Therefore, administrations should consider how 5G services can be harmonized internationally, even if identical allocations cannot be used everywhere. To that end, administrations should consider their specific allocations within a broader globally harmonized and licensed band that accounts for the needs in various regions or countries. Under this approach, each administration would apply the tuning range concept, with a focus on specific bands appropriate for its needs. The near-term bands for mid-band and high-band consideration are 3.3-4.2 GHz, 24.25-29.5 and 37-43.5 GHz. Beyond these bands, it is proposed that global harmonization remain as a priority in the identification and allocation of spectrum for 5G, especially bands that have been identified under WRC2019 Agenda Item 1.13.

9 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The paper highlights the spectrum requirements of 5G applications and analyses the potential spectrum resources below and above 6 GHz 5G use cases, including enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), Massive Machine Type Communications (eMTC) and Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLCC), may have different spectrum requirements to a varying degree however all the use cases need spectrum both below and above 6 GHz. Below 6 GHz, mmWave bands, and the 6-24 GHz bands, the subject of recent mid-band NOI, are all important spectrum resources for 5G deployments. One key characteristic of all of these potential 5G spectrum resources is that they’re mainly shared spectrum and require clearing and/or development of sharing mechanisms. This leads to the need for regulators and government agencies to take concrete measurable actions in making sure that reasonable amount of licensed spectrum becomes available for initial 5G deployment in licensed spectrum.

Exponential growth in mobile data demand in conjunction with the spectrum needs of upcoming bandwidth intensive applications envisioned for 5G necessitate the availability of new licensed spectrum pools. The regulatory actions around spectrum seems to have been focused on the mmWave spectrum resource and not as much as spectrum below 6 GHz. Yet, 5G use cases have varied spectrum needs and effectively require spectrum across all bands. It’s important that regulators take immediate actions in this regard so that low-band, mid-band and mmWave spectrum resources are available for the initial 5G rollouts.

It’s highly desirable to have globally harmonized spectrum allocations for 5G applications and thus regulators should allocate spectrum with international harmonization as a consideration. The benefits of global harmonization are not limited to situations where all regions have identical spectrum allocations. These benefits can also be derived from “tuning range” solutions, in which adjacent or nearly adjacent bands can be considered harmonized so long as equipment can be reconfigured to operate over multiple bands.


35

APPENDIX

Spectrum Allocation Table

Frequency Range BW

Allocations Use Sharing

Status Necessary Actions 5G

Integration Issues Low High Region 2 U.S. Federal U.S Non-Federal

1300 1350 50 MHz

RADIOLOCATION AERONAUTICAL

RADIONAVIGATION RADIONAVIGATION

-SATELLITE (E-S)

AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION

Radiolocation

AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATI

ON

Pt. 87 ASR

Part of Spectrum Pipeline

Spectrum Efficient National

Surveillance Radar Program (SENSR) Possible pair with 1780-1830 MHz

TBD Likely

Relocation Over 360

Fed assignment

s.

Need to address sharing/relocation with existing ASR Needs MOBILE

allocation Time frame is ~2020

50 MHz

1350 1400 FIXED

MOBILE RADIOLOCATION

1350 1390 40 MHz

FIXED


ASR DoD AMT & GPS position data at

test ranges, PTP, ship-to-ship

communications. May become

relocation band for 1300-1350

TBD Almost 780

Fed assignment

s.

1390 1395 5 MHz FIXED MOBILE

Pt. 27 TerreStar

Unpaired, A&B Only 5 MHz

TerreStar working on waiver to repurpose for

WMTS

1395 1400 5 MHz LAND MOBILE (WMTS) Pt. 95

Wireless Medical Telemetry Service

Unlikely due to WMTS

incumbency

1427 1429 SPACE

OPERATION (E-S) FIXED

MOBILE

1427 1432 5 MHz LAND MOBILE (WMTS) Pt. 90, 95

Wireless Medical Telemetry Service

Unlikely due to WMTS

incumbency

1432 1435 3 MHz FIXED MOBILE

Pt. 27 TerreStar

Unpaired, A&B Only 3 MHz

TerreStar working on waiver to repurpose for

WMTS

1525 1559 34 MHz

SPACE OPERATION (S-E)

MOBILE SATELLITE (S-E)

Earth Exploration Satellite Fixed Mobile


Pt. 25, 80, 87 LightSquared MSS

Band Paired with 1626.5-

1660.5 NOTE: Upper end

(1559 MHz) Adjacent to GPS


36

Frequency Range BW




1610 1626.5

16.5 MHz

MOBILE SATELLITE (E-S)

AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION RADIODETERMINATION-SATELLITE

(E-S) RADIOASTRONOMY (1610.6-1613.8)

MOBILE SATELLITE (E-S) AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION

RADIODETERMINATION-SATELLITE (E-S)

RADIOASTRONOMY (1610.6-1613.8)

Pt. 25, 87 MSS Big LEO

(Globalstar 1610-1617.775/2483.5-

2495)

1626.5

1660.5

34 MHz

MOBILE SATELLITE (E-S) RADIOASTRONOMY (1660-1660.5)

Pt. 25, 80, 87 LightSquared/

Inmarsat shared MSS Band

Paired with 1525-1559

1670 1675 5 MHz

METEROLOGICAL AIDS

FIXED METERLOGICAL SATELLITE (S-E)

MOBILE MOBILE SATELLITE

(E-S)

FIXED MOBILE

Pt. 27 LightSquared (OP,

LLC) Nationwide

1675 1695 20 MHz

METEROLOGICAL AIDS

FIXED METERLOGICAL SATELLITE (S-E)

MOBILE

METEROLOGICAL AIDS (Radiosonde) METERLOGICAL SATELLITE (S-E)

1695 1780 MOBILE (AWS Uplink)

1710 1930 FIXED MOBILE

1780 1850 70 MHz

FIXED

MOBILE SPACE

OPERATION (E-S)

Bands were used to accommodate federal systems relocating from

1755-1780

CSMAC concluded sharing not possible, but could

revisit.

1850 2025 MOBILE PCS & AWS (Downlink)

2025 2110 85 MHz

SPACE OPERATION (E-

S/S-S) EARTH

EXPLORATION SATELLITE (E-S/S-

S) FIXED

MOBILE SPACE RESEARCH

(E-S/S-S)

FIXED MOBILE

Pt. 74, 80, 101J Used for ENG,

Cable Relay, LTTV Relocation band

for Federal systems in 1755-

1780

Currently under study by NSC for sharing of

Fed systems

with incumbents

2110 2200 AWS (Downlink)

2200 2290 90 MHz

SPACE OPERATION (E-

S/S-S) EARTH


S) FIXED


(E-S/S-S)

SPACE OPERATION (E-S/S-

S) EARTH


S) FIXED


(E-S/S-S)

2290 2300 10 MHz

FIXED MOBILE

SPACE RESEARCH (Deep Space/S-E)

FIXED MOBILE

SPACE RESEARCH (Deep Space, S-E)

SPACE RESEARCH

(Deep Space, S-E)


37

Frequency Range BW




2300 2450 FIXED


Amateur

2305 2310 5 MHz FIXED


Amateur

Pt. 27, 97 WCS Band 2305-2320/2345-2360

2310 2320 10 MHz

Fixed Mobile

Radiolocation

FIXED MOBILE

BROADCASTING-SATELLITE

RADIOLOCATION

Pt. 27 WCS Band 2305-2320/2345-2360

2320 2345 25 MHz

Fixed Radiolocation


Pt. 25 SDARS (SiriusXM)

Unlikely due to

SDARS incumbenc

y

2345 2360 15 MHz

Fixed Mobile

Radiolocation

FIXED MOBILE


RADIOLOCATION

Pt. 25 SDARS (SiriusXM)

Unlikely due to

SDARS incumbenc

y

2360 2400 40 MHz

MOBILE

RADIOLOCATION Fixed

MOBILE Pt. 87, 95

AMT MBANS

AMT shares with

MBANS (Pt. 95)

More study.

2400 2450 50 MHz

Amateur Pt. 18, 97 ISM Band

2450 2483.5

33.5 MHz

FIXED

MOBILE Radiolocation

Pt. 18, 74F, 90, 101

ISM Band

2483.5 2500

FIXED MOBILE


RADIOLOCATION RADIODETERMINATION-SATELLITE

(S-E)


RADIODETERMINATION-SATELLITE

(S-E)

2483.5 2495 11.5

MHz

MOBILE SATELLITE (S-E) RADIODETERMIN

ATION-SATELLITE (S-E)

Pt. 18, 25 Globalstar (1610-1617.775/2483.5-

2495)

2495 2500 5 MHz

FIXED MOBILE MOBILE

SATELLITE (S-E) RADIODETERMIN

ATION-SATELLITE (S-E)

Pt. 18, 25, 27 BRS

2500 2520 FIXED

FIXED SATELLITE (S-E)

MOBILE

2520 2655

FIXED FIXED SATELLITE

(S-E) MOBILE

BROADCAST SATELLITE

2500 2655 155 MHz

FIXED MOBILE

Pt. 27 BRS & EBS Bands

Thousands of licenses in both

services


38

Frequency Range BW




2655 2670


(S-E) MOBILE

BROADCAST SATELLITE

Earth Exploration Satellllite (Passive)

Radioastronomy Space Research

(Passive)

2670 2690


(E-S/S-E) MOBILE

BROADCAST SATELLITE



(Passive)

2655 2690 35 MHz



(Passive)

FIXED MOBILE



(Passive)

Pt. 27 BRS & EBS Bands

Thousands of licenses in both

services

2670 2690 EARTH EXPLORATION SATELLITE (Passive)

RADIOASTRONOMY SPACE RESEARCH (Passive)

2700 2900 20 MHz


Radiolocation

METEROLOGICAL AIDS


Radiolocation

Pt. 87

ASR & WXD (NEXRAD)

2900 3100 20 MHz

RADIOLOCATION RADIONAVIGATION

RADIOLOCATION MARITIME

RADIONAVIGATION

MARITIME RADIONAVIGATI

ON Radiolocation

Pt. 80 & 90 Radar

3100 3300 200 MHz

RADIOLOCATION Earth exploration-satellite (active) Space research

(active)

RADIOLOCATION Earth exploration-satellite (active) Space research

(active)

Earth exploration-satellite (active) Space research

(active) Radiolocation

Pt. 90 Radar

3300 3400 RADIOLOCATION

Amateur Fixed Mobile

3300 3500 200 MHz

RADIOLOCATION Amateur Radiolocation

Pt. 90, 97 Radar (WXD)

3400 3500

FIXED FIXED-SATELLITE

(space-to-Earth) Amateur Mobile

Radiolocation

3500 3700


(space-to-Earth) MOBILE

Radiolocation

3500 3550 RADIOLOCATION AERONAUTICAL

RADIONAVIGATION


39

Frequency Range BW




3550 3600

150 MHz

FIXED MOBILE Pt. 96 (CBRS)

3600 3650

FIXED FIXED-

SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)

MOBILE Pt. 25 & 96 (CBRS)

3650 3700

FIXED FIXED-


MOBILE

3700 4200 FIXED

FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)

MOBILE

FIXED FIXED-


Pt. 25 & 101 FSS & FS Band

Under study in

FCC's NOI

4200 4400 AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION Pt. 87

(Radar Altimeters)

Unlikely due to Radar

Altimeter incumbenc

y


4400 4490 90 MHz

FIXED MOBILE

Fixed LOS & transportable-fixed

PTP microwave systems, drone

vehicle control and telemetry systems.

Military training.

Nuclear

emergencies and law enforcement

activities

Possible sharing, but

situation similar to 1.7 GHz

band with Federal equities.

Over 1400 assignment

s.

More study.

4400 4500

4500 4800 300 MHz


(space-to-Earth)

LOS and trans-horizon radio

communications air-to-ground operations for command and

control, telemetry to relay data, various

range systems, video, law

enforcement, drug interdiction missions

and nuclear emergency response

activities.

FIXED-SATELLITE

(space-to-Earth)

Over 2600 Federal

assignments.

More study.

4800 4890 ?

4800 4990 190 MHz

FIXED MOBILE

Military at test ranges and naval ports

around the US. Law enforcement, drug

interdiction and radio astronomy.

Over 1400

Federal assignment

s.

More study.

4940 4990 50 MHz

FIXED MOBILE

Pt. 90Y Public Safety WiFi

Over 3100 commercial and ~ 190

Fed. Assignment

s.

4990 5000 10 MHz

FIXED MOBILE RADIO

ASTRONOMY Space research

(passive)

RADIO ASTRONOMY Space research (passive)

Unlikely due to

passive RA.


40

Frequency Range BW




5000 5010 10 MHz

AERONAUTICAL MOBILE-SATELLITE

(R) AERONAUTICAL

RADIONAVIGATION RADIONAVIGATION-SATELLITE (Earth-

to-space)

AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (R) AERONAUTICAL MOBILE-SATELLITE (R)

AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION RADIONAVIGATION-SATELLITE (Earth-to-

space) Future GPS

Testing use local area networks to support air traffic on the surface of airports.

Pt. 87 Microwave Landing

Systems (few installed)

More study.

5010 5030 20 MHz

AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION RADIONAVIGATION-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) (space-to-

space)

AERONAUTICAL MOBILE-SATELLITE (R) AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION

RADIONAVIGATION-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) (space-to-space)

Future GPS Testing use local area networks to support

air traffic on the surface of airports.

5030 5091 60 MHz

AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (R)


(R) AERONAUTICAL

RADIONAVIGATION

AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (R) AERONAUTICAL MOBILE-SATELLITE (R)

AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION Transportable MLS installed at several Air

Force bases

5091 5150

AERONAUTICAL MOBILE


(R) AERONAUTICAL

RADIONAVIGATION

AERONAUTICAL MOBILE AERONAUTICAL MOBILE-SATELLITE (R)


Pt. 25 & 87

Microwave Landing Systems (few

installed)

5150 5250 100 MHz

FIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space) MOBILE except

aeronautical mobile AERONAUTICAL

RADIONAVIGATION


FIXED-SATELLITE

(Earth-to-space) AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATI

ON

Pt. 15, 25, & 87 U-NII-1

5250 5350 100 MHz

EARTH EXPLORATION-

SATELLITE (active) MOBILE

RADIOLOCATION SPACE RESEARCH

EARTH EXPLORATION-

SATELLITE (active) RADIOLOCATION

SPACE RESEARCH (active)

Earth exploration-satellite (active) Radiolocation

Space research

Pt. 15 & 90 U-NII-2A

5350 5460

120 MHz

EARTH EXPLORATION-

SATELLITE (active) RADIOLOCATION AERONAUTICAL

RADIONAVIGATION SPACE RESEARCH

(active)

EARTH EXPLORATION-

SATELLITE (active) RADIOLOCATION AERONAUTICAL


(active)

AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATI

ON Earth exploration-satellite (active) Radiolocation

Space research (active)

Pt. 15(?), 87 & 90 U-NII-2B

5460 5470

EARTH EXPLORATION-



(active)

EARTH EXPLORATION-



(active)

RADIONAVIGATION

Earth exploration-satellite (active) Radiolocation

Space research (active)

Pt. 15(?), 80, 87 & 90

U-NII-2B

5470 5570

255 MHz

EARTH EXPLORATION-

SATELLITE (active) MOBILE



(active)

EARTH EXPLORATION-


MARITIME RADIONAVIGATION SPACE RESEARCH

(active)


RADIONAVIGATION

Earth exploration-satellite (active) Space research

(active)

Pt. 15(?), 80 & 90 U-NII-2C

5570 5650


MARITIME RADIONAVIGATION

METEOROLOGICAL AIDS RADIOLOCATION

MARITIME RADIONAVIGATION


41

Frequency Range BW




5570 5600 RADIOLOCATION MARITIME RADIONAVIGATION

5600 5650 METEOROLOGICAL AIDS

RADIOLOCATION MARITIME RADIONAVIGATION

Pt. 15(?), 80 & 90 (TDWR) U-NII-2C

5650 5725


Amateur Space research

(deep space)

RADIOLOCATION Pt. 15(?), 80 & 90 U-NII-2C

5725 5830 125 MHz

RADIOLOCATION Amateur RADIOLOCATION Amateur

Pt. 15, 18 & 97 U-NII-3

5830 5850 RADIOLOCATION Amateur RADIOLOCATION

Amateur Amateur-satellite (space-to-Earth)

5850 5925 75 MHz


(Earth-to-space) MOBILE Amateur

Radiolocation

RADIOLOCATION

FIXED-SATELLITE

(Earth-to-space) MOBILE Amateur

Pt. 15(?) 18, 90 (DSRC) , 95, 97

U-NII-4

5925 6700 FIXED

FIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space)

MOBILE

5925 6425 FIXED FIXED-

SATELLITE (Earth-to-space)

Pt. 15, 25, 101

Under study in

FCC's NOI

6425 6525 FIXED-


MOBILE

Pt. 15, 25, 74F, 78, 101

6525 6700 FIXED FIXED-


Pt. 15, 25, 101

6700 7075


(Earth-to-space) (space-to-Earth)

MOBILE

6700 6875

FIXED FIXED-

SATELLITE (Earth-to-space) (space-to-Earth)

Pt. 15, 25, 101

Under study in

FCC's NOI

6875 7025

FIXED FIXED-

SATELLITE (Earth-to-space) (space-to-Earth)

MOBILE

Pt. 15, 25, 74F, 78

7025 7075

FIXED FIXED-


MOBILE Pt. 15, 74F, 78



42

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The mission of 5G Americas is to advocate for and foster the advancement and full capabilities of LTE wireless technology and its evolution beyond to 5G throughout the ecosystem's networks, services, applications and wirelessly connected devices in the Americas. 5G Americas' Board of Governors members include América Móvil, AT&T, Cable & Wireless, Cisco, CommScope, Entel, Ericsson, HPE, Intel, Kathrein, Mavenir, Nokia, Qualcomm, Samsung, Sprint, T-Mobile US, Inc. and Telefónica.

5G Americas would like to recognize the significant project leadership and important contributions of project co-leaders Ahmad Armand and Scott F. Migaldi of T-Mobile USA as well as the representatives from member companies on 5G Americas’ Board of Governors who participated in the development of this white paper.

The contents of this document reflect the research, analysis, and conclusions of 5G Americas and may not necessarily represent the comprehensive opinions and individual viewpoints of each particular 5G Americas member company.

5G Americas provides this document and the information contained herein to you for informational purposes only, for use at your sole risk. 5G Americas assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions in this document. This document is subject to revision or removal at any time without notice. No representations or warranties (whether expressed or implied) are made by 5G Americas and 5G Americas is not liable for and hereby disclaims any direct, indirect, punitive, special, incidental, consequential, or exemplary damages arising out of or in connection with the use of this document and any information contained in this document.

© Copyright 2017 5G Americas


1

BS N° 01/18B

12/01/18

STATE OF THE BROADCAST INDUSTRY 2018 No item “Perspectivas para 2018 - Setor de Telecomunicações no Brasil”, do BS Nº 01/18, são feitas de modo transversal ligeiras menções à questão do “conteúdo”, principalmente de vídeo, em diversos itens.

O vídeo, como os leitores do BS sabem, é responsável por considerável parte do tráfego de dados cursados pelas Redes de Comutação de Pacotes que utilizam o Protoco TCP/IP (superior a 70%), usualmente tratadas como Rede Internet, ou, simplesmente, Internet, para cujo “acesso” as Operadoras de Telecomunicações oferecem a “Banda Larga” (Broadband), comercializada de distintas formas.

Esta é uma das principais questões que coloca as Operadoras de Telecomunicações frente às OTT, que são as “geradoras” de tal “conteúdo” ou, tão somente, as “facilitadoras”, “viabilizadoras”, “encaminhadoras”, “propulsoras”, “buscadoras”, ou qualquer outra forma de caracterizar o fato de através delas e de seus Aplicativos, o mencionado “conteúdo de vídeo” acessar e ser processado pelas Redes Digitais de Telecomunicações.

A questão essencial, como é do conhecimento geral, reside no fato de as OTT, de uma forma ou outra, desenvolverem lucrativos negócios com sua atividade e as Operadoras de Telecomunicações, de forma “obediente e disciplinada”, em razão da regulamentação a que estão submetidas, terem de preparar suas Redes (de acesso, core, backbone) de modo a atender, com qualidade, as crescentes demandas de tráfego, sem um correspondente retorno econômico de seus investimentos.

Isto, inevitavelmente, resultará na sua inviabilidade econômico-financeira, no médio e longo prazo, a menos que se encontrem formas adequadas de “equilibrar o jogo”, dentro do princípio de que para uma dada situação ter perenidade, ela deve “ser boa para ambas as Partes”. Isto, naturalmente, sem “acomodações”, ou ações e entendimentos mútuos escusos.

A colocação, de certa forma, reflete a utopia inerente aos que defendem a harmonia dos processos e torcem para que não haja conflitos e tudo seja bom para todos. Quase um mundo ideal que dificilmente econtra espaços nos conturbados dias atuais.


2

Porém, o BS não vislumbra outra forma para que o processo de governança coletiva, os negócios de modo geral, e o desenvolvimento social ocorram sem conflitos desagregadores marcantes. Principalmente em um segmento de atividades onde o Interesse Público é marcante.

É neste sentido que o BS toma a liberdade de sugerir aos seus leitores um Whitepaper preparado pela Empesa OOYALA com o título: “STATE OF THE BROADCAST INDUSTRY 2018”.

O Estudo é genérico e está muito focado no mercado Norteamericano. Por sua importância no contexto que está sendo abordado os reflexos deste mercado se espalham pelo mundo, inclusive no Brasil que tem uma presença relevante neste mercado, tanto em termos relativos como absolutos.

Por oportuno, a sugestão também se encaixa no rol de temas propostos para discussão no ano de 2018. Em determinados aspectos essenciais esta questão se relaciona com o Marco Civil da Internet a respeito do qual o BS se posicionou no texto original das “Perspectivas 2018”, sugerindo a sua completa reformulação. A questão da Neutralidade de Rede é o foco nevrálgico das discussões!

O acesso ao documento pode ser feito clicando na figura abaixo.

Ooyala-State-Of-The-Broadcast-Industr


State of the Broadcast Industry 2018Hello, OTT 2.0

2.0

At the start of 2018, the broadcast industry is stepping into an “OTT 2.0” era: companies in the space are harnessing the hard-earned OTT lessons learned over the past few years of experimentation and rising competition. They’re evolving to meet new business demands and opportunities with more original digital content, more direct offerings to consumers, more data, and more advanced technologies.

In other words — just more. Meanwhile, consumers continue to carry video on the go, while the battle for their attention, data (and wallets) grows more intense by the hour. As our 4th annual report finds, OTT has come squarely into its own and is now leading broadcasters as they take the next bold steps in their video evolution.

Welcome to the new era.

State of the Broadcasting Industry 2018 2

Table of Contents

CONSUMERS

1.1 All Content, All Screens

1.2 The Social Season

INDUSTRY

2.1 Take the Direct Route

2.2 Go Global, Think Local

TECHNOLOGY

3.1 Immersed in Video

3.2 In the Deep

PROGRAMMING

4.1 The Sky’s the Limit

4.2 Live Thrives

ADVERTISING

5.1 Out With the Old, In With the New

5.2 Finders Keepers

CONCLUSION


Executive SummaryOTT video is growing up. Content of all shapes and sizes is available to consumers now, as their tastes increasingly run to mobile and social offerings. Broadcasters are reaching out to them directly with their own OTT options, expanding globally in the search for new opportunities, and harnessing new technologies that allow for deeper viewer immersion and analysis. Competitive pressures are raising the stakes and budgets for content, and VOD is not the only game in town anymore. New formats and strategies for monetization are taking hold, and success will come to those companies who fully understand their audiences and can give them what they want.

CONSUMERSTV is now digital and digital is TV. Content and screens have become inextricably intertwined and today’s viewers don’t think much about how they’ll watch; they just expect that they can get content anywhere, anytime and ‘anyscreen.’ Thus, the fragmentation of content presentation and consumption continues, while devices propagate and diversify. Video has also become a social butterfly, attracting new audiences and revenue, and pollinating new platforms as it flies well beyond the living room.

“There has been a proliferation of content outside the traditional pay-TV system….Consumers are itching to get more content on their terms, and they’re finding it many places.”— Mike Biard, President, Fox Networks Distribution, as quoted in Variety

1.1 All Content, All Screens

The industry has passed the tipping point on many OTT consumption fronts: Ooyala has found that the majority of content on every screen — be it connected TVs, desktop or mobile — is now long-form, and the share of global digital video plays on mobile devices is nearly 60%. That’s to be expected, given that The NPD Group has found that in the U.S. alone, about 57% of smartphone users stream video monthly. Per Parks Associates research studies, over half of U.S. broadband households now stream content to television, and over half of U.S. OTT subscription households now take more than one OTT service, up

from 20% just four years ago. Meanwhile, Netflix’s U.S. subscriber base has now passed that of cable TV — a clear signal that consumer viewing tastes have changed in favor of OTT. And the list goes on.

Driving these trends? The ubiquitous consumer desire for content choice, convenience and lower costs, and the advancements in technology to support all of that. Consumers are being set free. Mobile device penetration is increasing, particularly in regions like Asia-Pacific and Latin America, and broadband networks around the world can accommodate more data traffic and content every day — spurring higher speeds, screen resolutions and video quality. In fact, a recent Ericsson Mobility Report said that video will account for 75% of mobile data traffic by 2022. In the U.K. alone, viewers now watch over a billion minutes of TV content online weekly. In the U.S., 13% of homes are now broadband-only.

Every type of content is up for grabs on every type of screen today, but that screen is more likely now to be a mobile one. Zenith Media forecast that consumers would spend over 28 minutes daily, on average, watching mobile video content in 2017, up 35% from the year before.

As mobile viewing rises, pay-TV cord-cutting and trimming continue to accelerate. Cord-cutting is also an international trend now, despite regional differences in what is driving that behavior, according to S&P Global Market Intelligence. The Magid Media Futures study has noted that in the U.S., cord-cutting is driven more now by OTT options than by the costs for pay TV. In addition, TV sets are vanishing from the home and live TV viewing among adults has dropped in favor of other connected devices, streaming services and wherever viewing. That last point is key: consumers have fundamentally shifted their viewing habits.

http://variety.com/2017/tv/features/overcrowded-cable-sector-esquire-spike-fyi-1202012647/

http://go.ooyala.com/wf-video-index-q3-2017




http://www.homemediamagazine.com/research/npd-57-smartphone-users-stream-video-41043

http://www.homemediamagazine.com/research/npd-57-smartphone-users-stream-video-41043

https://www.rapidtvnews.com/2017071247982/over-half-of-us-broadband-households-stream-to-tvs.html#axzz4zCraTCkq

https://www.rapidtvnews.com/2017071247982/over-half-of-us-broadband-households-stream-to-tvs.html#axzz4zCraTCkq

https://www.broadbandtvnews.com/2017/12/01/more-than-half-of-ott-homes-take-multiple-services/

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https://www.rapidtvnews.com/2017061447598/video-to-form-three-quarters-of-mobile-traffic-by-2022.html#axzz4zD6iPA3p

https://www.tvbeurope.com/data-centre/uk-viewers-watch-over-billion-minutes-online-each-week

https://www.tvbeurope.com/data-centre/uk-viewers-watch-over-billion-minutes-online-each-week

http://www.homemediamagazine.com/streaming/online-tv-future-has-arrived-and-it-may-be-less-profitable-40152

https://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/304476/worldwide-online-video-consumption-advertising-to.html

https://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/304476/worldwide-online-video-consumption-advertising-to.html

https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/cable-tv-cord-cutting-reaches-fastest-rate-decline-record-1027755

https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/cable-tv-cord-cutting-reaches-fastest-rate-decline-record-1027755

https://marketintelligence.spglobal.com/our-thinking/ideas/video-cord-cutting-an-international-trend

https://marketintelligence.spglobal.com/our-thinking/ideas/video-cord-cutting-an-international-trend

https://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/309723/study-originals-drive-ott-subscriptions.html


https://www.recode.net/platform/amp/2017/7/30/16035706/tv-sets-american-home-decline

https://www.recode.net/platform/amp/2017/7/30/16035706/tv-sets-american-home-decline

http://www.broadcastingcable.com/news/currency/live-tv-viewing-drops-svod-services-gain/170138


As content availability grows, so does the segmentation of viewers. There are still “binge watchers” (nearly 75% of us say we watch that way) but now also “content connoisseurs,” “sometime streamers” and “OTT service stackers.” Bundling SVOD services is becoming common among consumers, especially in the U.S. and Scandinavia. People who cut the cord consume 60% more OTT content than other viewers, according to comScore, while skinnier content packages are quickly becoming a popular pit stop on the way to a true à la carte mecca. A recent TiVo survey found that respondents only need 18 channels on average to create their ideal à la carte channel lineup; however, consumers and providers seem to be still far apart on pricing expectations. Look for them to come closer together soon.

A Hub Entertainment research study suggests that we’re also approaching the tipping point on what audiences can handle: 49% of respondents said that there are now too many TV programs to choose from. Look for streamlined authentication and content curation, higher quality delivery, easier search and discovery, and personalization of user experiences to become more critical components of service offerings — as companies try to appease overwhelmed viewers, attract tech-savvy consumers, and stand out in a standing-room-only market.

OTT viewers themselves are changing. Older consumers, who are providing growth opportunities in markets such as the U.K., are hot on the trail of Millennials and Generation Z, the most dominant streaming audiences. 90% of 18-34 year-olds stream at least some of their content, per Horowitz Research, and they’re abandoning traditional TV with gusto. 35% of Millennials never even had pay TV to begin with, so there’s not much hope in getting them to change their ingrained digital habits now en masse. Yet research also indicates that Millennials think there are already too many streaming services and they’re not fully getting what they want from them, so expect to see those consumers influence future changes.

There are stark differences even between the younger generations: The average age that today’s teens got their first smartphones (age 12) was younger than for both 18- to 24-year old Millennials (age 16) and 25- to 30-year old Millennials (age 20). Their mobile viewing habits are being wired in at an earlier stage of life. OTT products are emerging to engage younger viewers, like the PBS Kids Plug & Play streaming stick and Netflix’s choose-your-own-adventure stories. Comcast, for one, has been expanding its connected campus offerings to hook college students on their services as they form their adult viewing preferences.

Engaging formats are also being introduced to attract mobile-savvy audiences and respond to a smaller screen environment. Netflix is trying mobile-specific versions for some of its series, while the BBC launched a daily news show in a vertical video format. And Vivendi has expanded its Studio+ short-form video offering from Europe and

Latin America to the U.S. Expect major 2018 live events like the Winter Olympics in South Korea and British royal wedding to attract global audiences and break existing mobile viewing records.

As mobile video viewing advances, streaming services and pay-TV providers are not the only ones who’ve noticed. The most nascent broadcasters are decidedly social, and harnessing their deep data reserves and engagement with viewers to bring video to the masses in bold new ways.

“In Q3 we saw more than 58% of all video starts occur on mobile devices, the highest number of mobile video plays we’ve seen, and most were on smartphones. There were even more mobile plays in Asia-Pac, which has quickly become the pacesetter for mobile video consumption.”

— Q3 2017 Ooyala Global Video Index

1.2 The Social Season

Social video has officially grown up, moving beyond cat videos to premium content with A-list talent and budgets to match, and attracting growing masses of users. Teens in particular (no surprise) have shifted much more of their media time and habits toward social and video. Consequently, the major social platforms including Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat and Instagram have been chasing YouTube’s lead, expanding investments in short-form and long-form video. They’re looking to enhance their existing strong engagement with younger audiences, and grab attention (and ad dollars) from other digital platforms and entertainment options. The vast amounts of data they already have on consumers should help light the way.

Snapchat, for one, has continued to stake its claim on Millennials and the future of television. NBC furthered its robust digital media investments with a $500 million stake in the company, started a daily news show on its Discover platform, and formed a joint venture to produce short-form, scripted mobile content. ESPN Sportscenter joined the platform as well. However, Snapchat has seen its struggles of late in pivoting its business from mere instant photo and video messaging, and is battling increased competition from Facebook-owned Instagram. That company has its popular Instagram Stories video offering and 800 million monthly active users (more than 80% of whom are outside of the U.S.). Expect this rivalry to get even more intense in the coming year.

Meanwhile, Facebook has long-form television in its sights, with an up to $1 billion content spend planned for originals this year. On the heels of bringing audience communities, partners and advertisers together via Facebook Live, the social goliath launched its Facebook Watch tab

https://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/308356/binge-watching-impacting-live-tv-stats.html

https://www.rapidtvnews.com/2017111549676/content-connoisseurs-dominate-tv-landscape.html#axzz4zD6iPA3p

https://www.rapidtvnews.com/2017111549676/content-connoisseurs-dominate-tv-landscape.html#axzz4zD6iPA3p

https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2017/08/28/meet-the-sometime-streamer-tv-watchers-who-sign-up-for-one-show-then-cancel/?utm_term=.745e730df993

https://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/292406/nearly-half-of-high-speed-homes-have-multiple-ott.html

https://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/292406/nearly-half-of-high-speed-homes-have-multiple-ott.html

https://www.rapidtvnews.com/2017101749283/svod-surges-as-multiple-services-becomes-a-trend.html#axzz50bPoKvAX

https://www.rapidtvnews.com/2017061347593/cord-cutters-consuming-60-more-ott-content-than-other-viewers.html#axzz4zD6iPA3p

https://www.rapidtvnews.com/2017061347593/cord-cutters-consuming-60-more-ott-content-than-other-viewers.html#axzz4zD6iPA3p

http://www.latimes.com/business/lazarus/la-fi-lazarus-a-la-carte-tv-channels-20170328-story.html

http://variety.com/2017/digital/news/too-many-shows-peak-tv-overwhelms-viewers-survey-finds-1202606620/

http://variety.com/2017/digital/news/too-many-shows-peak-tv-overwhelms-viewers-survey-finds-1202606620/

http://www.mesalliance.org/2017/11/28/single-sign-tv-everywhere-drives-record-viewing-numbers-mesa/

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https://www.rapidtvnews.com/2017071748035/generation-z-millennials-dominate-us-streaming-population.html#axzz4zD6iPA3p

https://www.rapidtvnews.com/2017071748035/generation-z-millennials-dominate-us-streaming-population.html#axzz4zD6iPA3p

https://www.cedmagazine.com/data-focus/2017/07/streamers-expect-it-all-0

https://www.cedmagazine.com/data-focus/2017/07/streamers-expect-it-all-0

https://www.forbes.com/sites/ianmorris/2017/07/31/tv-is-in-big-trouble-because-young-people-only-stare-at-their-phones/#52d1371168c2

https://www.forbes.com/sites/ianmorris/2017/07/31/tv-is-in-big-trouble-because-young-people-only-stare-at-their-phones/#52d1371168c2

http://medialifemagazine.com/meet-cord-nevers-subset-millennials/

http://medialifemagazine.com/meet-cord-nevers-subset-millennials/

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http://www.lightreading.com/video/ott/too-many-streaming-services-say-millennials/d/d-id/735744

http://www.nscreenmedia.com/generation-z-television-usurped-by-smartphone/

http://www.nscreenmedia.com/generation-z-television-usurped-by-smartphone/

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https://techcrunch.com/2017/06/20/netflix-debuts-choose-your-own-adventure-stories-for-kids/

http://www.lightreading.com/video/ip-video/how-comcast-is-hooking-college-kids-on-cable/d/d-id/735625

https://www.theverge.com/2017/3/15/14940278/netflix-mobile-specific-versions-original-series-tv-shows

http://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/worldnews/2016/bbc-launches-daily-vertical-video-news-product?utm_source=Daily+Lab+email+list&utm_campaign=351497ec71-dailylabemail3&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_d68264fd5e-351497ec71-396068701

http://www.broadcastingcable.com/news/technology/vivendi-brings-mobile-short-form-video-service-us/169910

https://www.tvbeurope.com/tvbeverywhere/royal-wedding-could-break-records-for-mobile

https://www.tvbeurope.com/tvbeverywhere/royal-wedding-could-break-records-for-mobile


https://www.forbes.com/sites/nelsongranados/2017/06/20/gen-z-media-consumption-its-a-lifestyle-not-just-entertainment/#15503abf18c9

http://www.adweek.com/digital/the-next-step-of-youtubes-original-content-evolution-involves-traditional-film-studios/#/

http://variety.com/2017/digital/news/snapchat-shows-move-scripted-content-by-years-end-1202536733/

http://variety.com/2017/digital/news/snapchat-shows-move-scripted-content-by-years-end-1202536733/

https://www.engadget.com/2017/07/26/social-media-mobile-TV/

http://mashable.com/2017/12/05/how-facebook-watch-will-overtake-youtube-as-biggest-video-platform/#sBZDaQBqF5qX

http://fortune.com/2017/05/24/snapchat-tv-millennials/?curator=TechREDEF

http://mediakix.com/2016/01/snapchat-statistics-2016-marketers-need-to-know/#gs.mDoEn_g

http://mediakix.com/2016/01/snapchat-statistics-2016-marketers-need-to-know/#gs.mDoEn_g

http://variety.com/2017/digital/news/snap-nbcuniversal-studio-venture-duplass-brothers-shows-1202591040/

http://www.adweek.com/tvnewser/espn-debuts-sportscenter-on-snapchat/348330

https://techcrunch.com/2017/09/25/instagram-now-has-800-million-monthly-and-500-million-daily-active-users/

https://techcrunch.com/2017/09/25/instagram-now-has-800-million-monthly-and-500-million-daily-active-users/

https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/26/technology/why-instagram-is-becoming-facebooks-next-facebook.html

https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/26/technology/why-instagram-is-becoming-facebooks-next-facebook.html

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https://techcrunch.com/2017/09/08/facebook-plans-to-spend-up-to-1b-on-original-shows-in-2018/

https://techcrunch.com/2017/08/09/facebook-watch/?utm_medium=TCnewsletter


with original programming and personalized video recommendations on its platform. Like Twitter, it also continues to pursue major OTT sports content deals. And, the grande dame of the social video party, YouTube, has been diversifying its content approach with its YouTube TV bundle of networks and building premium offerings on its main website with a slate of scripted shows. These moves are in addition to continued support for its YouTube Red subscription service, which has yet to gain a strong foothold with audiences. YouTube now attracts 1.5 billion logged-in monthly users who spend, on average, more than an hour per day watching the platform’s content on mobile devices.

Amazon, in turn, is marching into the social space across its properties in order to stem engagement erosion to these other platforms. Expect to see all of the social companies make even more aggressive moves into video in 2018, as the major OTT providers make similar pushes into social. They’re all starting to collide over premium content, advertisers and consumers, as the industry continues to contract and expand in new ways.

“More video content is uploaded to the web every 30 days than the three major U.S. television networks have created in 30 years.”

— Tubular Insights (formerly ReelSEO data), as reported in Forbes

TAKEAWAY

What was once a steady consumer march into mobile video is now an all-out sprint. Content providers from linear, digital and social worlds are following them there, with short and long-form content in play to engage and satisfy. Look for the impact of companies colliding over the consumer and managing the plethora of available content options to be more clear this year.

INDUSTRYContent providers are facing and embracing a new business reality moving into 2018. Pay-TV subscribers are untangling themselves from the cord and are off in search of new content treasures. Companies are navigating new direct-to-consumer routes and reaching beyond borders to global markets. They’re also re-imagining and improving their content to connect with more demanding consumers everywhere.

“The success or failure of various skinny bundles doesn’t matter to us — because when people cut their cord, they’re not going nowhere. They’re going somewhere… So they’re on a traditional bundle or one or two of the skinny bundles, or All Access.” — Joe Ianniello, CFO, CBS, as quoted in MediaPost

2.1 Take the Direct Route

2017 saw another flurry of network and telecom deals globally as a reaction to a changing broadcast industry and a growing desire to merge content, technology and monetization opportunities. Discovery bought Scripps, QVC bought HSN, and Fox is selling most of its assets to Disney, amidst trying to gain full control of Sky. Time Warner and AT&T were set to come together but as this report goes to print, that marriage is in jeopardy over antitrust concerns. In 2018, many of the content and distribution restrictions that were placed on Comcast and Universal when they merged are being lifted, which opens the door for more OTT activity there. Look for more deals to come.

A core impetus for this continued groundswell? The impact of OTT and its potential to not just augment linear TV but replace it — which is becoming perhaps painfully obvious now to traditional broadcasters and operators. When all the counts are in, 2017 likely will have seen the starkest annual drop in U.S. pay-TV subscribers yet; Q3 2017 alone saw a loss of over 400,000 net video subscribers among the top U.S. cable providers, per Leichtman Research Group. Pay TV password sharing is not helping matters. Conversely, Amazon Prime memberships alone are on track to surpass pay-TV households soon.

https://thevideoink.com/2017/02/28/youtube-bundles-up-with-cable-networks/#.kp1u2lbin

https://thevideoink.com/2017/02/28/youtube-bundles-up-with-cable-networks/#.kp1u2lbin

http://fortune.com/2017/05/05/youtube-future-tv/

http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/technology/2017/12/youtube_red_will_never_beat_netflix_on_prestige.html

http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/technology/2017/12/youtube_red_will_never_beat_netflix_on_prestige.html

http://www.ooyala.com/videomind/blog/digital-data-and-dollars-vidcon

http://www.ooyala.com/videomind/blog/digital-data-and-dollars-vidcon

https://venturebeat.com/2017/07/19/amazons-push-into-social-may-set-it-in-on-collision-course-with-facebook/

https://www.forbes.com/sites/williamarruda/2016/06/29/why-you-need-to-excel-at-video/#7e23579041c2

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https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/disney-fox-deal-marks-seismic-shift-hollywoods-studio-system-1067517

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https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-04-13/comcast-gets-unshackled-with-nbc-deal-curbs-expiring-next-year

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https://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/295741/ott-vs-traditional-pay-tv-digital-no-longer-a-su.html

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https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-12-20/cable-tv-s-password-sharing-crackdown-is-coming

https://www.recode.net/2017/7/9/15938658/amazon-prime-numbers-members-us-households-cable-tv


Broadband delivery continues to be a bright spot on U.S. operator balance sheets as it funnels OTT, internet and advanced technology options into homes. Further, a recent Deloitte survey noted that while nearly 75% of U.S. homes are pay-TV subscribers, about two-thirds said the fact that it’s bundled with internet service is why they keep pay TV. Broadband capacity advances will also continue to be essential to future OTT growth, as at least one estimate points to the fact that less than a quarter of U.S. homes have enough internet bandwidth at this point to support multiple streaming devices.

Another key factor in OTT growth? Virtual MVPD (vMVPD) skinny bundles — the poster child of the OTT 2.0 world. These include Sling TV, PlayStation Vue, DirecTV Now, and sports-free Philo TV (a joint AMC, Discovery and Viacom offering), which are gaining traction in the U.S. market (with over 3 million subscribers). Telcos also are getting into the mix: TMobile recently announced a 2018 service and Verizon is rumored to have one on the way as well. Operators are turning to these offerings to hold on to at least some cord drifters with pared-down and customized OTT channel packages at lower price points and live TV options. Also in play are packages pitched as add-ons for current customers, like Dish Flex Pack.

Meanwhile, Amazon recently decided to forgo its own bundle, citing network programming costs, but is planning an AVOD service to sit alongside its subscription service Amazon Prime. Look for more bundling experiments like this in 2018 as companies balance network licensing fees and carriage restrictions with their own revenues. Consumers are impatient, and as they demand experiences that are simpler and better, with access to individual channels at a lower price, expect to see the industry inch ever closer to true à la carte content menus as noted earlier.

Operators and programmers are adapting as consumer interests shift online, saturation in some markets grows, future linear carriage remains uncertain, and technology companies push into traditional broadcaster territory. They’re increasingly finding that partnerships across multiple business areas including distribution and ancillary smart home services will need to be a part of their strategy and revenue mix. Comcast, for example, is selling its Xfinity TV service via a Roku app so customers don’t need a set-top cable box — another sign that STBs are not long for this world, along with forecasts that the equipment shipments will start to fall this year.

Also critical for the future? Direct OTT access to consumers. In the U.S. alone, over 200 OTT services currently are active with more planned for 2018, including CenturyLink. Globally, 2017 saw a wave of announcements for niche services: HBO Nordics and Turner launched kids’ streamer Toonix, the BBC and ITV came together to introduce Britbox to the U.S., the CBC started its ad-free streaming service in Canada, and Lionsgate launched both a Spanish-language service and a comedy one.

Disney is planning to launch ESPN and Disney-branded OTT services this year, and more services by more companies are sure to come. Premium service offerings like HBO Now, and broadcast network ones like CBS All Access, which have strong brand names, in-demand originals and marketing dollars behind them, have been particularly successful. Parks Associates research has noted that OTT churn rates seem to be steadying around 19% of U.S. broadband households after a period of increase, and U.S. services Netflix, Amazon and Hulu have seen their churn rates decrease, likely in part due to more original content and newer features like downloadable content. Through new programmer deals, Comcast is said to now have the rights to offer its service nationwide and compete head-on with OTT services, lifting a longtime barrier to any such endeavor.

Yet the industry has also recently seen the demise of services including NBC’s niche Seeso and Comcast Watchable, along with Fullscreen’s SVOD service and Vimeo’s plans for one, as the struggle for revenue and audience share remains — particularly among smaller and nascent services. With all of the dizzying options in the marketplace for consumers, it remains likely that a continued shakeout of services and re-aggregation among content players is on the horizon to address the business realities of competition and simplify the viewer experience. A new age of bundles may be just around the corner.

Another sign of pending shifts: new regulations and the repeal of many others, which are promising to change the game. As this report was going to print, net neutrality in the U.S. was cut down by the FCC, changing the face of the open internet, and who might deploy OTT (and how) going forward. Smaller niche OTT services will be particularly vulnerable. Already repealed in late 2017 were U.S. rules that restricted broadcast ownership of multiple media outlets in a market, which promises to spur more consolidation. And, FCC data privacy regulations were stripped, lightening consent restrictions on how U.S. ISPs can collect, use and share customer data. However, across the pond, the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) will go into effect in 2018, placing more requirements on consumer data collection, use and management that will impact all global companies.

Expect regulation, deregulation, and their impact on video to be major discussion points worldwide this year, as OTT providers continue to envision global expansion as a way to fulfill and grow their broadcast aspirations.

Nearly 59% of U.S. homes now have at least one internet-enabled device for streaming to a TV.

— Q2 2017 Nielsen Total Audience Report, as reported in Adweek

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http://deadline.com/2017/03/most-pay-tv-subscribers-stay-because-bundled-broadband-deloitte-survey-1202048111/

https://www.wsj.com/articles/michael-wolf-whats-next-for-tech-and-media-in-2018-1508258936

http://iq.videonuze.com/article/new-research-highlights-major-challenges-skinny-bundles-face

https://www.bizjournals.com/losangeles/news/2017/11/14/not-a-sports-fan-viacom-discovery-and-amc-have-a.html

http://www.broadcastingcable.com/news/currency/comscore-ott-skinny-bundles-31m-homes/166659

https://www.thevideoink.com/2017/12/13/t-mobile-announces-lans-launch-tv-service-2018/

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-03-30/verizon-said-to-be-planning-online-tv-package-for-summer-launch

https://www.fiercecable.com/cable/virtual-mvpds-are-shaping-up-to-be-a-truly-lousy-business-analyst-says

https://www.fiercecable.com/cable/virtual-mvpds-are-shaping-up-to-be-a-truly-lousy-business-analyst-says

http://variety.com/2017/tv/features/overcrowded-cable-sector-esquire-spike-fyi-1202012647/?curator=MediaREDEF

https://www.forbes.com/sites/howardhomonoff/2016/08/12/hulu-dish-and-company-the-latest-skinny-on-video-bundles/#61b3dbbc3c2c

https://www.theverge.com/2017/11/15/16658978/amazon-video-channels-pay-tv-cable-skinny-bundle-plans

http://www.multichannel.com/news/advanced-advertising/amazon-creating-free-ad-based-ott-service-report/416550

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/backdoor-way-make-la-carte-work-alan-wolk?trk=v-feed&lipi=urn%3Ali%3Apage%3Ad_flagship3_feed%3B6v7nQGuSncT9xGFqSf8jFA%3D%3D

http://www.businessinsider.com/netflix-hits-maturation-and-saturation-in-the-us-2017-1

https://www.cnbc.com/2017/11/13/iac-barry-diller-comcast-is-the-best-media-hedge-company.html

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-03-09/amazon-says-it-s-open-to-pushing-content-through-cable-boxes

http://variety.com/2017/digital/news/sony-playstation-vue-small-cable-nctc-1202504562/

http://www.broadcastingcable.com/look-ahead-cable-tech/169353

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-01-31/comcast-is-about-to-sell-you-cable-tv-without-the-cable-box

https://www.rapidtvnews.com/2016121145391/global-stb-market-shipments-rise-slowly-over-2016.html#axzz4zTypIsMH

https://www.fiercecable.com/cable/more-than-200-ott-services-active-u-s-market-research-group-says

http://www.multichannel.com/news/content/centurylink-bows-beta-ott-tv-service/413780

https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/hbo-nordic-turner-team-kids-streaming-service-toonix-1045136

https://techcrunch.com/2017/03/07/british-tv-streaming-service-britbox-launches-in-u-s/

http://business.financialpost.com/telecom/media/cbc-makes-a-play-for-cord-cutters-with-4-99-ad-free-streaming-service

https://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/305112/comedian-kevin-hart-launches-laugh-out-loud-str.html

http://variety.com/2017/digital/news/lionsgate-pantaya-spanish-language-streaming-service-1202511945/

https://www.fiercecable.com/online-video/disney-streaming-service-will-receive-healthy-interest-while-espn-ott-will-only-serve

https://www.fiercecable.com/online-video/disney-streaming-service-will-receive-healthy-interest-while-espn-ott-will-only-serve

https://www.rapidtvnews.com/2017111049628/us-ott-market-bubbling-under-top-three.html#axzz4zD6iPA3p

https://www.fiercecable.com/online-video/parks-19-u-s-households-cancelled-ott-service-last-12-months-but-churn-remains-stable

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-03-23/comcast-said-to-gain-rights-to-offer-web-tv-service-nationwide

http://www.lightreading.com/video/ott/comcast-shuts-down-ott-again/d/d-id/736502

http://www.lightreading.com/video/ott/comcast-shuts-down-ott-again/d/d-id/736502

https://www.rapidtvnews.com/2017082348512/ott-market-may-be-headed-for-consolidation.amp.html

http://www.multichannel.com/svod-surge/410480

https://techcrunch.com/2016/12/18/the-future-of-tv-isnt-apps/

https://www.vox.com/2017/12/14/16774148/net-neutrality-repeal-explained

https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/net-neutrality-repeal-worries-niche-streaming-services-1062181

http://www.thedrum.com/news/2017/11/17/the-fcc-paves-way-greater-media-consolidation-it-repeals-stale-broadcast-ownership

https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/news/2017/03/02/fcc-sets-aside-new-net-data-privacy-rule/98599438/

http://www.wired.co.uk/article/what-is-gdpr-uk-eu-legislation-compliance-summary-fines-2018

http://www.wired.co.uk/article/what-is-gdpr-uk-eu-legislation-compliance-summary-fines-2018

http://www.adweek.com/tv-video/nearly-70-million-u-s-households-now-have-a-connected-tv-streaming-device/#/


2.2 Go Global, Think Local

Content providers are charting a global course these days, looking to scale OTT services and bundles beyond their traditional regional reach to capture new audiences and revenue. In the U.S. alone, Parks Associates has noted that nearly 60% of households subscribe to an OTT streaming service. A Digital TV Research report predicts that OTT TV episode and movie revenues for the top 138 countries will hit $83 billion in 2022, more than double what it was two years ago. Expansion is not without its ongoing challenges, including business regulations for market entry, licensing restrictions and piracy issues, multi-language versioning requirements, payment options, and network and broadband capability. These can all still vary significantly by region, thus impacting how companies approach market development across the world.

Yet, OTT is growing everywhere. Asia-Pacific will soon lead the way in SVOD and AVOD services and the region’s OTT video advertising market is being increasingly led by China according to separate studies by Digital TV Research. Australia’s SVOD subscriber base is expected to overtake that of pay TV this year. Notably, Japan’s SVOD market has been growing substantially over the last few years to become the world’s fifth largest despite the historic resistance to SVOD services from consumers who preferred free TV content. Latin America will see its SVOD market double by 2020, driven in large part by Brazil and Mexico, and Western Europe SVOD revenues are expected to grow to $6.5 billion by 2022.

Along with premium video that works across international markets, local content continues to be a critical differentiator for regional success — driving audiences, premium pricing and ultimately, revenue. India is just one country seeing fierce OTT competition and a rise in niche programming that’s popular locally, such as cricket and Bollywood movies. Mexico is another market seeing a burst of local content activity, and multiple countries in Latin America now have state-funded OTT platforms with local VOD content.

Netflix and Amazon have built up their content libraries and original production due to increased market competition. Netflix will see its international subs reach nearly 130 million within the next four years and is investing in many markets including Europe, and also Canada, where it’s putting $400 million into producing French and English language original content for the country. The company also prioritizes elements that help it scale and personalize series globally, such as precise dubbing and translations, consistent picture quality, and in-depth content tagging. Amazon, meanwhile, has launched its Amazon Channels content bundle in the U.K. and Germany. This OTT activity has affected how the industry does business; in the U.K. for instance, new financing options have emerged to cater specifically to OTT service production and payments.

It’s not just the major OTT services that are keen on expansion efforts, either. iFlix is focusing on local content in areas including the Middle East and North Africa to go up against them. CBS bought Ten Network in Australia to further its international content and OTT ambitions. HBO is prepping a global platform launch this year; it has also expanded awareness for international content that has been a hit on its various global subsidiaries by bringing it to the U.S. WGN America is likewise leaning on original foreign content. Look for both global and local content to be deeper points of focus for even more companies over the next year.

All of this global movement will be enhanced by technological advances in video production and delivery, and by content and audience insights that are richer than the industry has ever seen before.

The global digital video spend by consumers will surpass $200 billion this year.

— Jupiter Research, as reported in Home Media Magazine

TAKEAWAY

The direct path to consumers seems to be the best route to future success. New offerings are driving OTT 2.0, and a global focus with thoughts of how to localize services is becoming a business imperative for many. Look for the TV-digital and global-local divides to shrink more in the coming year.

https://variety-com.cdn.ampproject.org/c/variety.com/2017/voices/columns/netflix-international-growth-1202587346/amp/

https://media.netflix.com/en/press-releases/netflix-announces-400-new-jobs-in-europe-and-two-new-european-original-series

https://www.twice.com/product/more-half-us-households-subscribe-ott-tv-streaming-service-65529

https://www.twice.com/product/more-half-us-households-subscribe-ott-tv-streaming-service-65529

https://www.rapidtvnews.com/2017100249053/ott-tv-and-film-revs-rocketing-to-reach-83bn-over-next-five-years.html#ixzz4zPgOw6nx

https://www.rapidtvnews.com/2017100249053/ott-tv-and-film-revs-rocketing-to-reach-83bn-over-next-five-years.html#ixzz4zPgOw6nx

https://adexchanger.com/tv-and-video/ott-providers-beware-expanding-service-internationally/

https://www.rapidtvnews.com/2016121245398/asia-to-become-world-s-largest-svod-market-in-2019.html?utm_campaign=2017-to-bring-big-changes-for-video-on-demand&utm_medium=email&utm_source=newsletter_1179#axzz4zTypIsMH

https://www.rapidtvnews.com/2017101649265/asia-pacific-avod-to-top-north-america-by-2021.html#axzz4zTypIsMH

https://www.broadbandtvnews.com/2017/07/30/china-drives-asias-ott-growth/

http://www.afr.com/technology/netflix-leads-the-way-as-streamers-set-to-take-down-pay-tv-20170803-gxolpa

http://www.homemediamagazine.com/streaming/japan-becoming-svod-focus-40847

http://www.homemediamagazine.com/streaming/japan-becoming-svod-focus-40847

https://www.rapidtvnews.com/2017100749144/latam-svod-takings-set-to-double-by-2020.html#axzz4zTypIsMH

http://www.ooyala.com/videomind/blog/latin-america-seeing-golden-age-tv-form-svod

http://www.ooyala.com/videomind/blog/latin-america-seeing-golden-age-tv-form-svod

https://www.tvbeurope.com/tvbeverywhere/western-europe-svod-revenues-reach-6-5-billion-2022

https://www-forbes-com.cdn.ampproject.org/c/s/www.forbes.com/sites/krnkashyap/2017/09/11/streaming-kings-like-amazon-netflix-are-going-niche-to-win-indias-highly-competitive-ott-race/amp/

http://variety.com/2017/digital/global/mexico-digital-video-market-grows-39-2016-1201962795/

https://www.rapidtvnews.com/2017120249928/state-funded-ott-boosts-latam-vod.html?utm_campaign=advanced-advertising-imperative-to-compete-with-online-video-giants&utm_medium=email&utm_source=newsletter_1560#axzz51GKnJCXg

http://variety.com/2017/digital/news/netflix-lab-day-behind-the-scenes-1202011105/

https://www.rapidtvnews.com/2017060547489/international-surge-to-drive-netflix-base-to-grow-by-44-over-next-five-years-to-hit-128mn-subscribers.html#axzz4zTypIsMH

https://www.wired.com/story/netflix-global-expansion-summer/

https://www.wired.com/story/netflix-global-expansion-summer/

https://media.netflix.com/en/press-releases/netflix-announces-400-new-jobs-in-europe-and-two-new-european-original-series

http://variety.com/2017/digital/news/netflix-canada-400-million-content-production-1202575635/

https://www.fastcompany.com/40484686/netflix-offers-a-rare-look-inside-its-strategy-for-global-domination

https://www.fastcompany.com/40484686/netflix-offers-a-rare-look-inside-its-strategy-for-global-domination

https://techcrunch.com/2017/05/23/amazon-expands-amazon-channels-to-uk-germany-taking-aim-at-pay-tv-users/

https://qz.com/944921/netflix-nflx-and-amazon-amzn-are-now-so-big-that-theyre-changing-the-way-global-tv-shows-are-financed-starting-in-the-uk/

https://www.fiercecable.com/online-video/iflix-going-after-amazon-netflix-emerging-markets

https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ten-network-m-a-cbs-corp/cbs-agrees-to-buy-embattled-australian-customer-ten-network-idUSKCN1B8004

https://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/308825/hbo-ceo-global-ott-platform-will-be-ready-in-20.html

https://www.rapidtvnews.com/2017101749286/hbo-to-bring-international-originals-to-us.html#axzz4zTypIsMH

https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/wgn-america-looks-programming-1029475

http://www.homemediamagazine.com/streaming/report-global-consumer-digital-video-spend-reach-202-billion-2018-41073


TECHNOLOGYTechnology is making many new broadcast and service opportunities possible for broadcasters, while video and consumers are becoming bonded together via deep data, wild immersion and artificial intelligence. The future of video is here and now.

“TV is going to go to a much more personalized, one-to-one experience. Where you might have previously sat down with your family and consumed your favorite show together, it’s going to be online and much more personalized with additional features such as virtual and augmented reality.” — Belsasar Lepe, Co-Founder and SVP of Products and Solutions, Ooyala, as quoted in Forbes

3.1 Immersed in Video

The industry has been gearing up for advances that will enable greater adoption of more robust video: 5G wireless services will bring higher data speeds and video streaming quality to mobile devices and broadband, with lower latency (Asia-Pacific is one region poised for rapid 5G growth). They also promise to catapult new delivery technologies like fixed wireless, which is already being tested by top operators, and boost demand for more robust video content. Similarly, U.S. broadcasters are anticipating deployment of the ATSC 3.0 transmission standard, which will enable greater ties between linear and digital delivery, and more interactive and personalized opportunities around video content.

Both of these new capabilities are sure to propel adoption of higher broadcast resolution offerings like high dynamic range (HDR) and 4K. 4K TV sales were expected to make high gains in 2017, and companies around the world, including Spain’s top operators, are prioritizing it for their services. The leading OTT providers also remain strong drivers of 4K content as a continued point of differentiation to consumers and as a means for justifying premium pricing. Social companies are following suit: Facebook, for one, has recently embraced 4K video. While HDR is helping to drive 4K TV set shipments, non-4K, HDR TV set sales are also booming due to their ability to offer sharp picture quality at a lower price point. Even 8K is now on the table for the industry; in 2018, TV sets will start being deployed in

Europe and Asia-Pacific, and the broadcast format is being tested in Japan to get ready for a larger rollout in time for the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. Expect to see high-resolution video offerings to be embraced more widely this year as consumer hardware starts to catch up with demand.

Another area where that is also true concerns a similar beneficiary of faster speeds and superior quality: immersive video. This includes virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and 360-degree video technologies, all of which are ramping up in the marketplace.

VR is still battling issues over a lukewarm consumer reception for headsets (although the IDC forecasts VR/AR headsets to reach 80 million by 2021 and in a separate study, China to be the frontrunner). A Thrive Analytics survey published by eMarketer noted that while cost is one factor holding consumers back from headset adoption, a more important one depending on who you ask is that people simply aren’t all that interested in them. Another problem cited was the lack of quality content. This is in part driven by the need for stronger user experiences. And companies are still trying to determine how to make real money from VR once audiences lean in, which will ultimately make or break it. Advanced video players like the Ooyala Player are helping to address these concerns by not only enabling VR and 360-degree content playback but by also allowing broadcasters to monetize that content via ads or other means. Expect to see companies dig in deeper this year to continue experimenting with the technology, build great stories and consumer experiences, and address these challenges head(set) on.

And it’s none too soon: An Ericsson Consumer Lab study forecast that one in three global consumers will use VR by 2020. Other research has indicated that VR will be a $75 billion market by 2021. Gaming, entertainment and live events like sports are still among the frontline opportunities for the technology and the 2018 Winter Olympics will start to offer real applications of it on a global scale. In the meantime, YouTube introduced its VR180 video format, Facebook has its social VR hangout Facebook Spaces, Discovery and Google have a VR series, and Turner and Intel are giving viewers access to NBA game VR broadcasts. Mobile VR is likely to be a key conduit to success and faster adoption; perhaps that’s why companies like AMC and BT already have VR apps available. Look for more to come this year.

Many industry observers are also bullish on AR. Compared to VR, AR is less solitary, less technically challenging, and less encumbered by the need for a headset — although Apple, for one, sees possibilities in headsets. Pure 360-degree video, despite its own format challenges for producers, is gaining traction as well, including by BT Sport which is providing game highlights in the format.

All this excitement around high resolutions and immersive video notwithstanding, the industry is also going even deeper with video technologies, where data and machines are charting a new course of adventure.

https://www.forbes.com/sites/andrewcave/2017/01/31/goodbye-cinema-paradiso-this-is-the-age-of-private-television/#3231cd795774

https://www.forbes.com/sites/nelsongranados/2017/07/17/5g-the-next-tech-disruption-in-media-and-entertainment-is-coming/#684d83f87026

https://www.gsmaintelligence.com/research/?file=336a9db2ab3ed95bc70e62bf7e867855&download

https://nypost.com/2017/08/30/att-is-expanding-high-speed-5g-wireless-trials/

http://www.mesalliance.org/2017/04/18/mesa-members-bullish-atsc-3-0/

http://4k.com/news/4k-tv-sales-expected-to-grow-almost-40-in-2017-19818/

https://www.rapidtvnews.com/2017092248921/telefonica-rolls-out-beta-4k-iptv-service-in-spain.html#axzz4zTypIsMH

https://www.rapidtvnews.com/2017031046471/svod-leaders-pushing-video-quality-bar-upwards.html#axzz4zTypIsMH

https://techcrunch.com/2017/10/24/facebook-4k-video/

https://www.broadbandtvnews.com/2017/05/25/hdr-sets-will-surpass-4k-tv-shipments-in-2020/

http://www.techradar.com/news/move-over-4k-sharp-is-releasing-8k-tvs-in-march-2018

https://www.forbes.com/sites/paullamkin/2017/09/29/vr-and-ar-headsets-to-hit-80-million-by-2021/#479d4d1524bc

https://www.forbes.com/sites/paullamkin/2017/09/29/vr-and-ar-headsets-to-hit-80-million-by-2021/#479d4d1524bc

http://www.scmp.com/tech/china-tech/article/2056092/china-lead-global-market-vr-and-ar-headsets-idc-says

https://www.emarketer.com/Article/Cost-Isnt-Only-Reason-People-Arent-Buying-VR-Headsets/1015868

https://www.emarketer.com/Article/Cost-Isnt-Only-Reason-People-Arent-Buying-VR-Headsets/1015868

https://venturebeat.com/2016/11/26/the-vr-industrys-biggest-threat-is-underwhelming-content/

http://www.ooyala.com/products/video-platform/video-player

https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/one-third-global-consumers-expected-use-vr-by-2020-says-study-1046607

https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/one-third-global-consumers-expected-use-vr-by-2020-says-study-1046607

http://variety.com/2017/digital/opinion/vr-virtual-reality-mainstream-entertainment-platform-1202436737/

https://www.parksassociates.com/blog/article/pr-06292017

https://www.parksassociates.com/blog/article/pr-06292017

https://techcrunch.com/2017/06/21/intel-and-the-ioc-ink-7-year-olympics-tech-deal-for-vr-drones-and-more/

https://techcrunch.com/2017/06/21/intel-and-the-ioc-ink-7-year-olympics-tech-deal-for-vr-drones-and-more/

https://www.fastcompany.com/40434319/vr-for-the-masses-thats-youtubes-goal-with-a-new-format-and-new-tools

http://variety.com/2017/digital/news/facebook-spaces-live-streaming-integration-1202493350/

http://variety.com/2017/digital/news/facebook-spaces-live-streaming-integration-1202493350/

http://www.multichannel.com/news/content/discovery-google-launch-vr-series-discovery-trvlr/415712

https://www.engadget.com/2017/11/07/intel-tnt-virtual-reality-nba-broadcasts/

https://www.engadget.com/2017/11/07/intel-tnt-virtual-reality-nba-broadcasts/

https://www.thewrap.com/mobile-virtual-reality-ready-for-its-closeup/

https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/amc-launches-virtual-reality-app-walking-dead-bonus-scene-1050459

https://www.rapidtvnews.com/2017051747247/4k.html#axzz4pF0ctmyM

http://variety.com/2017/digital/news/ar-will-help-vr-1202584567/

https://www.theverge.com/2017/11/8/16622802/apple-ar-headset-augmented-reality-plans-rumors-2019

https://www.rapidtvnews.com/2017080948350/vr-to-usher-in-an-era-of-interactive-and-immersive-content.html#axzz4pGPHtL3L

https://www.engadget.com/2017/12/05/bt-sport-app-360-video-highlights-replays/


“360-degree video, interactive and immersive content formats will generate US$6 billion dollars of revenue by 2022; tapping into the virtual reality ecosystem as well as widespread support for application development on mobile platforms.”

— ABI Research

3.2 In the Deep

Broadcasters are starting to go all in on IP technologies and metadata, as a recent report from Parks Associates and Ooyala noted. From production to delivery, from discovery to monetization, both are now driving critical advances and efficiencies in every area of video.

The Pay-TV Innovation Forum 2017 survey of pay-TV providers noted that the majority of executives believed data and analytics would be crucial to pay TV’s direction over the next five years. Content providers across linear and digital platforms are realizing that metadata’s ability to keep their teams connected to video assets — and to each other — throughout the entire content lifecycle brings richer insights and rewards. Consequently, platforms like Ooyala Flex, which harness metadata to support media workflows, are changing the broadcast production business at its core. A new Ooyala survey of media executives in Indonesia, for instance, revealed that the most common point of inefficient media operations was disconnected systems.

Metadata and analytics also will be integral to the advancement of personalized video and discovery. A recent 3Vision study found that nearly 75% of senior industry executives surveyed thought content discovery features were the top UI capability needed to retain and satisfy viewers. Turner, for one, is using data to improve tune-in marketing. Netflix has said that 80% of its shows watched by subscribers come from recommendations the service makes to them, and suggestions are customized to each subscriber through a complex system of tagging and data algorithms. It even rolled out personalized previews in 2017. The company also turned to their data to find that audiences have distinct content genre preferences and regional consumption differences depending on the time of day. Information like this can help companies better program to audience interests and more successfully build revenue. Look for providers to step up the use of metadata this year to build a better personalization mousetrap.

The proliferation of sophisticated metadata has powered the growth of artificial intelligence. AI is set to really take off in 2018, thanks to its ability to add value to every part of the video chain. This includes automating capture of facial recognition data, and content generation, for better search and monetization. ZoneTV is one broadcaster that is using Microsoft Video Indexer, a part of Microsoft

Azure Cognitive Services, along with Ooyala, to create customized channels. Researchers at Adobe and Stanford recently taught an AI program to edit videos, automating some of the process while allowing editors to maintain creative control. And the BBC is working with several U.K. universities to use AI for exploring audience viewing interests and making better content decisions to support them. Expect more experiments to test the range of AI applications that harness data within video throughout 2018.

Networks like CNN are also tapping into voice activation technologies, such as Amazon Echo, which is upping its own video game; one forecast called for 24 million Amazon Echo and Google Home devices to be sold in 2017. TiVo is partnering with Sky to incorporate voice search into its boxes, and the BBC is also testing a version of its iPlayer service with voice features. Indeed, voice promises to be a game changer for content search, and expect to see further deployments in this area.

Blockchain technology is going to have a more prominent role in video going forward as well, by harnessing metadata to create more transparent, secure and unalterable systems for activities like talent and production payments. Expect to see an uptick in blockchain deployments going forward, as it has the potential to redefine many industry operations.

While technology is ramping up, so is video content itself. Budgets, libraries and formats are all scaling to new heights and levels of complexity as OTT continues its march ever forward into live TV territory.

The findings show that by 2022, more than half of the video production environments analyzed will recognize greater business benefits, efficiencies and ROI by adopting IP.

— The Business Benefits of IP Production, the Digital Production Partnership (DPP) and Ooyala, 2017

TAKEAWAY

Technology and metadata are pushing the industry in new directions but ultimately, closer to the consumer. Production is becoming more efficient, and content is moving faster and in more targeted and immersive directions than was once imagined. Look for the technology train to keep steaming ahead in 2018 to keep up with increased momentum and revenue opportunities.

https://www.abiresearch.com/press/virtual-reality-will-usher-era-interactive-and-imm/

https://www.rapidtvnews.com/2017081548428/content-creation-value-chain-boosted-by-ip-ai-and-connected-technologies.html#axzz4zo1UatYh

http://www.ooyala.com/videomind/blog/data-growing-critical-resource-pay-tv-and-ott-industry

http://www.ooyala.com/videomind/blog/data-growing-critical-resource-pay-tv-and-ott-industry

http://www.ooyala.com/products/media-logistics

http://www.asiaone.com/business/ooyala-survey-4-in-5-indonesia-media-executives-see-room-to-improve-media-operations

http://www.ooyala.com/products/video-platform/analytics

http://www.ooyala.com/products/video-platform/discovery-recommendation-engine

https://www.rapidtvnews.com/2017051947277/content-discovery-key-for-next-gen-ott-and-content-distribution.html#axzz4zo1UatYh

https://www.rapidtvnews.com/2017051947277/content-discovery-key-for-next-gen-ott-and-content-distribution.html#axzz4zo1UatYh

https://adexchanger.com/tv-and-video/data-disrupting-tv-tune-marketing/

https://adexchanger.com/tv-and-video/data-disrupting-tv-tune-marketing/

https://www-latimes-com.cdn.ampproject.org/c/www.latimes.com/business/hollywood/la-fi-ct-netflix-recommendations-20170822-story,amp.html%20nflx

https://www-latimes-com.cdn.ampproject.org/c/www.latimes.com/business/hollywood/la-fi-ct-netflix-recommendations-20170822-story,amp.html%20nflx

http://mashable.com/2017/06/20/netflix-previews-personalized-testing/#sBZDaQBqF5qX

http://variety.com/2017/digital/news/netflix-data-genre-preferences-time-of-day-1202442843/

http://go.ooyala.com/wf-whitepaper-ai-to-the-rescue

http://www.broadcastingcable.com/news/programming/zonetv-ooyala-partner-artificial-intelligence-tv-venture/167437#.WXeOp7ctaM4.linkedin

https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/cognitive-services/video-indexer/

https://enterprise.microsoft.com/en-us/articles/industries/media-and-cable/value-artificial-intelligence-video/

https://enterprise.microsoft.com/en-us/articles/industries/media-and-cable/value-artificial-intelligence-video/

https://www.digitaltrends.com/photography/adobe-stanford-ai-video-editor/

http://www.silicon.co.uk/e-innovation/research/bbc-ai-tech-research-223631?inf_by=59e5e04f671db8b21f8b489c

https://digiday.com/media/amazon-echo-show-publishers/

https://digiday.com/media/amazon-echo-show-publishers/

http://1reddrop.com/2017/01/24/24-million-amazon-echo-and-google-home-devices-will-be-sold-in-2017-voice-report/

http://www.mesalliance.org/2017/03/23/tivo-partners-with-sky-to-launch-voice-search-mesa/

http://www.mesalliance.org/2017/03/23/tivo-partners-with-sky-to-launch-voice-search-mesa/

https://www.theverge.com/2017/8/2/16084138/bbc-iplayer-voice-ai-experiment-microsoft-trial

http://www.mesalliance.org/2017/10/23/hits-fall-blockchain-presents-opportunity-industry-dxc-exec-says/

https://blogs.systweak.com/2017/11/blockchain-the-key-to-create-big-budget-blockbusters/?utm_content=bufferc7d72&utm_medium=social&utm_source=linkedin.com&utm_campaign=buffer

http://www.ooyala.com/about/press/dpp-and-ooyala-report-shows-half-video-production


PROGRAMMINGContent budgets are blowing up and originals are riding high. Revenue models are changing, new strategies are emerging, and if live OTT is the new ‘it girl’ in town, sports content is her first starring role.

“It’s an arms race, and it’s going to be that way until somebody realizes they’re just beating their head against the wall and not getting anywhere.” — Michael Pachter, Analyst, Wedbush Securities, as quoted in Variety

4.1 The Sky’s the Limit

Competitive pressures, consumer content demands and advertising revenue opportunities are raising the stakes on industry programming and production budgets and premium content output. This is creating a more urgent need to decrease costs and increase efficiencies throughout the video lifecycle.

As tech companies like Apple move into the ring, “peak TV” is looking more like base camp one. There are far more distribution options now, but everyone is battling over top talent and ideas that will register with their core audiences. SVOD services are also seeing many network acquisition deals expire or costs rise, as the networks are pulling back after seeing their content help build what have become competitive offerings. HBO is one network doing just that. Program ownership and in-season stacking rights models are changing, too. All this despite the inconvenient fact that digital platforms can also help lengthen a program’s shelf life and amortization of costs. As the Magid study found, originals and exclusives drive consumer decision-making for OTT subscriptions. Consequently, among many of the largest SVOD and social companies alone, annual spending on originals for each has tipped over into the billions, making it even more difficult for smaller companies and traditional television networks to compete. More consolidation could be afoot soon.

Production budget figures like $20 million for a programming hour have been bandied about as Game of Thrones on HBO is already hitting $15 million; even costs for non-scripted originals are rising as some companies like A&E shift fully in that direction. Expect to see show marketing budgets and activities increase in tandem to help viewers find content, and companies to lose patience for letting shows go too long to find an audience with those types of cost outlays — even those not beholden to advertisers and

ratings. Netflix, for one, is already increasing the pace of cancellations. Too much of a good thing will likely lead to further content shakeout around the industry this year.

Amidst all this, companies continue to pivot to hybrid revenue models that combine subscription with advertising or transactions, or even all three. Netflix, for one, is moving into merchandising for its shows. Premium video-on-demand (PVOD) for theatrical movies in the home is the latest potential entrant to the mix as the industry determines how it could work; U.K. theatrical chain Curzon Cinemas is launching its own SVOD streaming service while it waits. Amazon and Netflix also are dabbling in the film territory as they continue to look at theatrical distribution to increase exposure for their film content — albeit with different strategies about how to do that based on their particular goals and business models. FX and AMC now have ad-free subscription OTT options for their networks deployed on Comcast’s Xfinity platform, to start, for an additional monthly fee. All in an attempt to match SVOD offerings, gain revenue, and give their consumers more choice. Expect to see similar moves by other broadcasters soon.

Content providers are also exploring new ways of producing content and doing business as a means to deal with the realities of a changing marketplace. The BBC lets its iPlayer catch-up service users binge-watch select shows before they air on the linear channel. Starz is going deeper into niche content with kids and Spanish-language programming, and expanding its library in general. Amazon is looking to eschew pilots for straight-to-series orders to keep up with the pace of the industry. And many are looking at live video to change the linear and OTT industry dynamics for good.

Netflix will spend $8 billion on content in 2018 to make its library 50% original programming.

— The Verge

4.2 Live Thrives

Live OTT is set to soar going forward.

While live TV viewing remains tops overall, there has been a continued shift to live connected device consumption. In a 2017 study, half of 500 industry execs surveyed said they expected live-linear OTT viewing to surpass typical broadcast TV viewing globally by 2020, as live is putting the two sectors on equal footing. A 2017 USB Evidence Lab survey published by eMarketer noted that over a third of internet users had watched live video; the study also found that over 40% of Millennials had made their own live video. These figures highlight how important the immediacy of video is to consumers now.

https://variety-com.cdn.ampproject.org/c/variety.com/2017/tv/news/tv-series-budgets-costs-rising-peak-tv-1202570158/amp/

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-06-16/facebook-chases-tv-s-70-billion-stash-with-its-own-video-series

https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/500-scripted-shows-how-netflix-amazon-are-sending-originals-all-time-highs-960859

https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/20/business/media/tv-marketplace-apple-facebook-google.html

https://digiday.com/media/entertainment-studios-face-more-competition-as-more-platforms-seek-shows/

http://variety.com/2017/digital/features/ted-sarandos-netflix-original-movies-shonda-rhimes-1202527321/

http://variety.com/2017/digital/features/ted-sarandos-netflix-original-movies-shonda-rhimes-1202527321/

https://www.recode.net/platform/amp/2017/9/25/16359308/fox-streaming-fx-netflix-amazon-the-americans-oj-american-crime%20fx

http://www.broadcastingcable.com/news/currency/hbo-won-t-renew-amazon-library-deal/165506

http://deadline.com/2017/03/pilot-season-2017-stacking-rights-network-ownership-issues-1202040816/



https://www.theverge.com/2017/9/8/16273406/facebook-original-video-content-tv-shows-billion-netflix-2018

https://www.theverge.com/2017/9/8/16273406/facebook-original-video-content-tv-shows-billion-netflix-2018

https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/bastard-machine/tim-goodman-apple-might-have-a-surprisingly-steep-learning-curve-as-it-enters-tv-industry-1044444



https://www.thewrap.com/if-peak-tv-has-peaked-will-reality-rise-to-replace-it/

http://variety.com/2017/tv/news/netflix-orignals-cancellations-1202455910/


https://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2017/02/23/heres-how-netflix-can-benefit-from-a-consumer-products-business/#588b8a2b42b9

http://deadline.com/2017/08/lionsgate-pvod-theatrical-exhibition-distributors-studios-1202145195/

http://www.homemediamagazine.com/streaming/uk-theatrical-chain-launching-svod-service-40653

https://variety-com.cdn.ampproject.org/c/variety.com/2017/digital/features/amazon-studios-distribution-1202573790/amp/

https://variety-com.cdn.ampproject.org/c/variety.com/2017/digital/features/amazon-studios-distribution-1202573790/amp/

http://variety.com/2017/tv/news/fx-john-landgraf-tca-1202520845/

http://www.adweek.com/tv-video/comparing-the-costs-of-amc-and-fx-going-commercial-free/#/

https://www.thrillist.com/entertainment/nation/netflix-episode-length-streaming-services-traditional-tv

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/01/10/bbc-reinvent-iplayer-new-generation-sunday-night-dramas-available/

http://variety.com/2017/biz/news/amazon-roy-price-straight-to-series-orders-output-deals-1202538880/

https://www.theverge.com/2017/10/16/16486436/netflix-original-content-8-billion-dollars-anime-films

https://www.marketingcharts.com/digital/video-79837

http://www.mesalliance.org/2017/08/16/ooyala-parks-associates-identify-top-5-trends-global-video-mesa/

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/live-linear-ott-viewing-exceed-traditional-tv-2020-jim-o-neill?trk=v-feed&lipi=urn%3Ali%3Apage%3Ap_flagship3_feed%3BD5uYNuMjYjJXweAHifytEQ%3D%3D%20live%20linear%20viewing

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/live-linear-ott-viewing-exceed-traditional-tv-2020-jim-o-neill?trk=v-feed&lipi=urn%3Ali%3Apage%3Ap_flagship3_feed%3BD5uYNuMjYjJXweAHifytEQ%3D%3D%20live%20linear%20viewing

https://www.emarketer.com/Article/How-Internet-Users-Watching-Live-Streaming/1015036?ECID=SOC1001&utm_content=bufferd6b27&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer

https://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/293387/live-video-is-all-over-the-place-and-growing.html


The social giants like YouTube and Facebook are clearly a prime conduit for live events; Twitter has even partnered with the BBC for live video and news content. Local broadcasters like Disney/ABC Television Group stations are eyeing live OTT video opportunities. But SVOD services also are growing up and embracing live video to compete with linear, social platform and vMVPD offerings. Hulu, for example, debuted its take on the format, which includes a live network bundle, its existing VOD service, and a keen focus on personalization and discovery, such as enabling customers to follow their favorite sports teams.

Speaking of sports, it remains a prime component of live content whether on TV or increasingly, OTT and social platforms via mobile devices; recent Ooyala research indicates that globally, smartphones are used most often to watch live sports online. The BBC, for one, is on a push for more live sports across its platforms. However, in the U.S., the broadcast networks continue to see a free fall in live TV sports viewing, including a steep drop in NFL ratings throughout the 2016-17 season. These foreboding slides are driven by lower Millennial interest in not only traditional TV but traditional sports as well.

A recent PwC survey of sports fans found that 82% would cut or trim their pay TV subscription if they could get live sports elsewhere. In some areas, such as Argentina, a lack of available live sports options for online-committed viewers is driving them towards pirated content instead of back to pay TV. This suggests that consumers in other markets could be similarly losing their appetite for pay TV and turning first to piracy to get what they want if it’s not online.

ESPN, which continues to see large declines in pay-TV subscribers (12 million over the last six years), now has an iOS app which lets viewers watch four live streams simultaneously and helps keep them tied to the brand. NBCUniversal launched a $50 “Premier League Pass” live streaming subscription service to U.S. customers, with no cable subscription required. Verizon and the NFL closed a new agreement on digital streaming rights. Amazon got into the fray last year, too, by live-streaming NFL Thursday Night Football on a non-exclusive basis, a likely boon to Amazon Prime subscriptions.

Amazon also owns Twitch, a leader in live eSports, which by at least one estimate could be a $20 billion company by 2020, and sees its highest reach in the Americas. Twitch is also starting to program beyond that genre. Facebook has built multiple league sports deals, including with Fox Sports to live stream the UEFA Champions League matches to users in the U.S. Meanwhile, many leagues are offering their own direct-to-consumer (DTC) live offerings and becoming broadcasters themselves. Look for the flurry of live OTT sports rights deals and experiments to continue unabated this year, with more direct competition for rights between linear networks and OTT companies, and exclusive content to become a core element of offerings.

High video stream quality, reliability and low latency remain paramount to the live experience for not only sports but all live content. However, broadcasters are quickly finding that live TV is not just about the live stream, it’s about creating the entire end-to-end experience holistically — from channel setup, playback and monitoring to linear integration, live-to-VOD conversion and monetization. Advances like Ooyala Live’s cloud-based platform and centralized live network operations center (NOC) are being deployed; expect to see more 2018 innovations in live video and the platforms to support its growth across the globe.

This emphasis on live video comes at a great time, as advertising on digital is firmly making the leap from live linear TV in many exciting ways.

“36% of smartphone users live stream videos on social media.”

— IHS Market Consumer Survey, August 2016, published in Benefits of Utilizing a Cloud-Based Solution for Live OTT, November 2017

TAKEAWAY

With the rise in competition, content budgets are exploding and companies are trying to keep up with the Joneses. Keeping costs down by increasing efficiencies in other areas, and finding new ways to make money is becoming a priority. Meanwhile, another competitive battle is heating up over live TV, which brings parity to broadcast and OTT. Expect to see more content skirmishes erupt in these areas in 2018.

http://www.latimes.com/business/hollywood/la-fi-ct-youtube-web-tv-20170228-story.html

https://www.engadget.com/2017/05/04/the-last-ringing-bros-circus-will-be-streamed-on-facebook-live/

https://techcrunch.com/2017/05/30/twitter-and-the-bbc-partner-for-the-first-time-on-live-video/

http://www.tvtechnology.com/resources/0006/broadcasters-investigate-ott-opportunities/281370%20local%20broadcast,%20could%20put%20the%20CBS%20affiliate%20deal%20link%20here%20too

http://www.tvtechnology.com/resources/0006/broadcasters-investigate-ott-opportunities/281370%20local%20broadcast,%20could%20put%20the%20CBS%20affiliate%20deal%20link%20here%20too

http://variety.com/2017/digital/news/hulu-live-tv-service-launch-channels-1202407778/

https://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/292711/new-hulu-service-wants-to-know-all-about-you.html


https://www.rapidtvnews.com/2017110349530/bbc-announces-biggest-increase-of-live-sport-in-a-generation.html#axzz4zo1UatYh

http://www.ooyala.com/videomind/blog/live-sports-are-looking-online-revive-flagging-interest

http://www.ooyala.com/videomind/blog/live-sports-are-looking-online-revive-flagging-interest

https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/millennials-abandon-sports-on-tv-posing-threat-to-teams-leagues-broadcast-partners-finds-study-from-lek-consulting-300423351.html

http://www.mesalliance.org/2017/12/19/pwc-cord-cutting-momentum-ever/

https://www.rapidtvnews.com/2017091648850/nearly-half-of-connected-argentinians-watch-sports-via-pirate-streaming.html#axzz4zo1UatYh

http://variety.com/2017/digital/news/espn-apple-tv-update-multicast-four-live-streams-1202528608/

https://qz.com/index/980958/disney-is-trying-to-rescue-espn-%e2%9a%be%ef%b8%8f-after-it-lost-millions-of-subscribers/

https://qz.com/index/980958/disney-is-trying-to-rescue-espn-%e2%9a%be%ef%b8%8f-after-it-lost-millions-of-subscribers/

https://www.androidcentral.com/nbc-sports-introduce-premier-league-pass-50-season

http://variety.com/2017/digital/news/nfl-verizon-live-streaming-deal-1202635501/

http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-amazon-nfl-20170405-story.html

http://thefieldsofgreen.com/2017/07/11/amazon-prime-subscription-increase-could-be-signal-for-increased-cord-cutting/

https://www.cnbc.com/2016/05/13/amazons-twitch-streamers-can-make-big-bucks.html

https://newzoo.com/insights/infographics/lets-play-global-2016/

http://variety.com/2017/digital/news/twitch-amazon-pilots-streaming-documentary-ironsights-1202019781/

http://variety.com/2017/digital/news/fox-sports-facebook-live-stream-uefa-european-soccer-1202479324/

http://variety.com/2017/digital/news/fox-sports-facebook-live-stream-uefa-european-soccer-1202479324/

https://digiday.com/media/state-live-streaming-sports/

https://digiday.com/media/state-live-streaming-sports/

https://www.akamai.com/uk/en/about/news/press/2017-press/quality-of-ott-video-streaming-experiences-directly-tied-to-viewer-loyalty-service-provider-success.jsp

http://www.ooyala.com/products/video-platform

http://go.ooyala.com/wf-whitepaper-ihs-benefits-live-ott

http://go.ooyala.com/wf-whitepaper-ihs-benefits-live-ott


ADVERTISINGVideo advertising is seeing a tsunami of change, in platforms, formats, strategies and methods. The digital space still has some growing pains, and linear TV has some aging ones, but data will help soothe them all.

“We are giving the client the best of both worlds: the premium content that is truly responsible for the success of a brand with the laser targeting that they crave.” — Linda Yaccarino, Chairman of Advertising Sales and Client Partnerships, NBCUniversal, as quoted in Adweek

5.1 Out With the Old, In With the New

Advertising via digital video is continuing its growth trajectory at the expense of linear TV. eMarketer has forecast U.S. digital video ad spend outside of social platforms to hit $15.42 million in 2018 and $22.18 billion by 2021. In Mexico, online video ad spend now comprises 32% of digital ad spend. Similarly, in Australia, the IAB/PWC Online Advertising Expenditure Report noted that online video ad spend now makes up about 33% of the total display market there. It should be no surprise, then, that mobile video advertising is growing as well. Mobile video now the fastest growing U.S. digital ad segment per PwC research; it’s expected to be a $13 billion market by 2020.

TV networks are leaning into these trends and increasing their cross-platform ad opportunities; mixing linear and digital ad offerings is becoming a more standard way of transacting business, building scale, and reaching audiences wherever they may be viewing. It’s also becoming more important for networks to shore up their business, as Google and Facebook now dominate the worldwide digital ad space. European broadcasters including U.K.’s Channel 4 are among companies teaming up to battle them.

This paradigm shift in advertising is also spurring more innovation around digital video ad formats, creative approaches and strategies to keep viewers from tuning out and keep advertisers tuning in. The 30-second spot, auto-play ads and pre-rolls are losing their cachet in the online world, as shorter formats and less intrusive placement types are gaining favor among traditional ad-intolerant audiences. YouTube, for one, has retired its 30-second unskippable spot but is keeping 20-second and six-second versions; Fox has similarly used six-second spots on digital. Consumer brand giant Procter & Gamble has even tried two-second ads to align with minimum viewability standards.

Outstream ads are primed for future growth; they now make up over 40% of the digital video market in the U.K. according to the recent IAB/PwC Digital Adspend Report. And mid-rolls are being used more widely; the Ooyala Q3 2017 Global Video Index noted an increase of mid-roll impressions on smartphones for broadcast platforms, and completion rates for broadcaster mid-roll ads on all devices were over 92%. Facebook is one company turning to mid-rolls as videos become longer and the online viewing experience, in general, is becoming this decade’s spin on traditional TV. The company also has introduced a mobile video-friendly ad format as mobile stays on pace to become a bigger force in advertising.

Advanced TV formats like connected TV ads also are coming into focus. Roku, still the top U.S. streaming device, recently noted that over 40% of the streaming hours across its app platform in the first half of 2017 were ad-supported. Hulu is experimenting with ads for VR and binge-watching, the vMVPD ad opportunity is growing, and even Amazon is exploring ads. Branded content is becoming more the norm; on Facebook, networks have increased their use of the format to promote their shows. Nielsen is even getting into interactive ads. Expect to see continued experimentation with digital ads as sellers and buyers try to find the sweet spot for what viewers will tolerate.

On TV, Millennials have been found by Nielsen to be less likely to skip ads now, but that may be because they’re too busy doing other things during commercial breaks to bother changing the channel. More companies, like Viacom, are cutting ad loads to avoid alienating viewers, while AMC has tried the aforementioned six-second spot format on linear TV during its megahit The Walking Dead.

Social video is also growing on the advertising front; ad spend for the sector was forecasted by Magna to double last year to over $4 billion, accounting for one-third of digital video ad sales in the U.S. Social video companies are leveraging their data stockpiles to build strong viewer engagement and employ interactive features like Snapchat’s sponsor e-commerce options and sponsored lenses. As on the content front, look for social ads to be an increasingly competitive threat to linear advertising.

Ad quality issues, including viewability, brand safety and transparency, remain top concerns across the digital front as advertising expands. At least one study has found that viewability of ads has been on the rise. YouTube has been in the hot seat multiple times as it attempts to address how advertisers can avoid environments not conducive to their messages and brand names. And blockchain is being explored as a way to reduce ad fraud, manage data sharing and increase transparency between broadcasters and buyers, among its many uses in advertising.

Meanwhile, ad blocking continues to be a thorn in the industry’s side, on web and mobile and particularly among Millennials. According to Pagefair’s latest report, worldwide online ad blocking rates have risen to 11% of global internet users, Asia-Pacific mobile ad block rates increased 40%

http://www.adweek.com/tv-video/inside-nbcuniversals-billion-dollar-bet-on-data-based-advertising/#/

https://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/308171/digital-video-ad-spending-expands-7-times-the-rate.html

http://www.emarketer.com/Chart/US-Digital-Video-Ad-Spending-2017-2021-billions-change-of-total-digital-ad-spending/209000

https://www.portada-online.com/2017/12/04/latam-signs-of-recovery-2018-ad-revs-to-reach-us26-3-bn/

https://www.iabaustralia.com.au/news-and-updates/iab-press-releases/item/22-iab-press-releases/2374-online-advertising-spend-reaches-7-6-billion-in-2017-financial-year

https://www.iabaustralia.com.au/news-and-updates/iab-press-releases/item/22-iab-press-releases/2374-online-advertising-spend-reaches-7-6-billion-in-2017-financial-year

https://www.ve.com/blog/programmatic-video-advertising-2017

https://www.ve.com/blog/programmatic-video-advertising-2017

http://www.latimes.com/business/hollywood/la-fi-ct-television-upfront-totals-20170718-story.html

http://fortune.com/2017/07/28/google-facebook-digital-advertising/

http://fortune.com/2017/07/28/google-facebook-digital-advertising/

https://digiday.com/media/european-broadcasters-joining-forces-fight-facebook-google/

http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/auto-play-video-ad-blockers-1.4158663

http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/auto-play-video-ad-blockers-1.4158663

http://www.thedrum.com/news/2017/02/17/google-ditches-30-second-unskippable-ads-youtube

http://deadline.com/2017/06/fox-network-group-run-6-second-ads-pioneered-youtube-1202116582/

https://www.warc.com/newsandopinion/news/pg_tries_twosecond_ads/39401

https://unruly.co/blog/article/2017/04/12/outstream-video-growth-digital-ad-spend/



http://www.ooyala.com/videomind/blog/facebook-boards-mid-roll-ad-train

https://performancein.com/news/2017/03/27/facebook-launches-mobile-video-ready-ad-format-collection/

https://performancein.com/news/2017/03/27/facebook-launches-mobile-video-ready-ad-format-collection/

https://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/307813/is-ott-a-broadcast-or-digital-buy.html?utm_campaign=Feed%3A+mediadailynews+%28MediaPost+%7C+MediaDailyNews%29&utm_medium=feed&utm_source=feedburner

https://www.forbes.com/sites/alanwolk/2017/11/16/ad-supported-ott-isnt-a-fad-its-the-future/#3dd5ed973adf

http://variety.com/2017/tv/news/hulu-advertising-virtual-reality-binge-watching-1202614422/

https://adexchanger.com/tv-and-video/vmvpd-cables-answer-cord-cutting/

https://www.cnbc.com/2017/10/09/amazon-more-serious-about-battling-youtube-ad-industry-sources.html

https://www.rapidtvnews.com/2017060647502/ott-content-creators-embrace-brand-deals-for-monetisation.html#axzz50B5Lfxuu

http://variety.com/2017/digital/news/tv-networks-facebook-branded-content-q2-2017-1202511129/

http://variety.com/2017/digital/news/tv-networks-facebook-branded-content-q2-2017-1202511129/

http://www.adweek.com/tv-video/6-steps-to-an-automatic-content-recognition-campaign/

https://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/296877/younger-viewers-less-likely-to-skip-ads-but-still.html

https://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/296877/younger-viewers-less-likely-to-skip-ads-but-still.html

https://www.fiercecable.com/broadcasting/viacom-cutting-ad-loads-at-bet-and-mtv

http://variety.com/2017/tv/news/microsoft-walking-dead-six-second-commercials-advertising-1202595415/

http://www.businessinsider.com/social-video-ad-spend-will-double-in-2017-2017-4

http://www.businessinsider.com/social-video-ad-spend-will-double-in-2017-2017-4

https://adexchanger.com/tv-and-video/tv-advertisers-can-learn-snapchat/

https://www.rapidtvnews.com/2017072748183/american-video-ad-viewing-completion-spikes-in-2017.html#axzz50B5Lfxuu

http://www.thedrum.com/news/2017/12/05/youtube-reveals-action-plan-tackle-spate-brand-safety-issues

http://www.thedrum.com/news/2017/10/16/why-blockchain-the-medicine-not-the-cure-advertisings-problems

https://digiday.com/marketing/cheatsheet-blockchain-media-advertising/

https://www.gemalto.com/review/Pages/2-out-of-3-Young-millennials-use-an-ad-blocker-on-a-desktop-or-mobile-device.aspx

https://pagefair.com/blog/2017/adblockreport/

https://pagefair.com/blog/2017/adblockreport/


in 2016, and nearly 75% of American ad blocking users said they leave sites with ad block walls up. Look for the industry to keep finding creative ways to address these problems via better user experiences and advertising environments.

While the look of advertising is changing, the industry is delving more into data and technology to get into the minds of viewers and evolve it even further.

Online video is set to grow 21% annually through 2019.

— Zenith Advertising Expenditure Forecasts, September 2017

5.2 Finders Keepers

Data has taken hold of advertising as it has with other industry sectors, and being able to harness more data to build advertising revenue is even driving some industry M&A activity. This year, eMarketer notes that almost 75% of U.S. video ad spend will be made via programmatic transactions, reflecting the industry’s growing preference for automated and data-driven methods; the research firm noted that it was just 2016 when programmatic video crossed the 50% threshold, so expect continued momentum in this area. This includes moves to more holistic ways of approaching advertising, like via Ooyala Pulse, which combines ad serving and programmatic platforms.

Mobile programmatic ad spend will grow alongside this as well; in the U.S., it was expected to reach $24 billion in 2017, according to eMarketer. Meanwhile, programmatic TV is inching forward, despite the many obstacles to being widely used for national TV buys in the U.S. while long-standing broadcast sales processes remain in place. NBC, for example, is selling ads on its linear TV platforms programmatically after last year committing $1 billion of ad inventory to be transacted via its Audience Studio suite of data-driven ad offerings. Other large TV network groups, like Viacom, continue to embrace more data-driven targeting opportunities for advertisers.

Addressable TV, which offers the ability to target ads at the TV household level, remains one of the gateways to programmatic TV adoption as addressable home numbers increase, and was forecast to be a $600 million market in 2017 according to Magna Global. In the U.K., one-third of online and time-shifted TV advertising will be addressable by 2022. The aforementioned ATSC 3.0 standard will also allow local U.S. broadcasters to track viewers for more targeted ad opportunities, so look for more industry discussions on data, targeting and privacy topics throughout 2018.

Data is also being looked at to shore up gaps in traditional broadcast ratings, more critical with the expansion of digital video platforms. Nielsen took a big leap forward in 2017 to bring its cross-platform Total Content Ratings system to market; it measures unduplicated video consumption across digital and linear platforms and devices. Hulu has also implemented a local buying tool that helps ad buyers convert streaming audience impressions to linear TV ratings equivalents. Expect to see ad planning changes made as the big picture of audience consumption comes more into view this year.

And, as broadcasters continue to dissect content, ads, platforms and consumers through data, artificial intelligence technology will grow in importance. From changing creative dynamically to editing and serving targeted ads, look for AI to be a major force for further broadcast industry change to come.

“Between 85 and 95 percent of mobile display and mobile video campaigns [in the U.K.] will be bought programmatically by 2019.”

— Interactive Advertising Bureau UK and PricewaterhouseCoopers Digital Adspend report, as reported in Digiday

TAKEAWAY

Broadcasters are experiencing the rapid change of ad creation, buying and delivery processes. Quality problems are still problems but data will clear a path for catching up and innovating. Look for 2018 to be the year that advertising gets closer to audiences than ever before.

https://www.zenithmedia.com/innovative-digital-formats-drive-global-ad-growth-2019/

https://www.rapidtvnews.com/2017100149041/programmatic-video-ads-reach-tipping-point.html#axzz50B5Lfxuu

https://www.rapidtvnews.com/2017100149041/programmatic-video-ads-reach-tipping-point.html#axzz50B5Lfxuu

https://www.emarketer.com/Article/eMarketer-Releases-New-Programmatic-Advertising-Estimates/1015682

https://www.emarketer.com/Article/eMarketer-Releases-New-Programmatic-Advertising-Estimates/1015682

http://www.ooyala.com/products/video-advertising

https://digiday.com/marketing/state-mobile-advertising/

https://digiday.com/media/no-interest-playing-games-programmatic-tv-hasnt-yet-taken-off/

https://digiday.com/media/no-interest-playing-games-programmatic-tv-hasnt-yet-taken-off/

http://www.businessinsider.com/nbcu-will-sell-ads-in-shows-like-this-is-us-using-software-2017-9



http://www.mesalliance.org/2017/03/01/viacom-execs-data-democratization-is-important-for-better-decision-making/

https://digiday.com/marketing/state-programmatic-advertising/

https://digiday.com/uk/state-addressable-tv-4-charts/

http://www.latimes.com/business/technology/la-fi-tn-next-gen-tv-20171114-story.html

https://adexchanger.com/tv-and-video/ott-making-mistake-local-broadcasters-made/

https://adexchanger.com/tv-and-video/ott-making-mistake-local-broadcasters-made/

http://www.nielsen.com/us/en/press-room/2017/statement-on-total-content-ratings-commercial-release.html

http://www.adweek.com/tv-video/nielsen-is-preparing-for-its-total-content-ratings-to-go-public-this-week/

http://www.adweek.com/tv-video/nielsen-is-preparing-for-its-total-content-ratings-to-go-public-this-week/

http://www.adweek.com/tv-video/hulus-deal-strata-opens-door-more-effective-local-ad-buying-174369/

http://www.adweek.com/digital/how-4-agencies-are-using-artificial-intelligence-as-part-of-the-creative-process/

https://digiday.com/marketing/current-state-uk-programmatic-advertising-5-charts/

www. ooyala.com [email protected]

Ooyala is a leading provider of software and services that simplify the complexity of producing, streaming and monetizing video. Ooyala’s comprehensive suite of offerings includes one of the world’s largest premium video platforms, a leading ad decisioning platform and a media logistics solution that improves video production workflows. Ooyala’s solutions help broadcasters, operators, media and production companies get content to market faster, build more engaging and personalized experiences across every screen, and maximize return for any video business. Vudu, Star India, Sky Sports (U.K.), ITV Studios (U.K.), RTL Group (Germany), TV4 (Sweden), Mediaset (Spain), America Television (Peru), and Media Prima (Malaysia): these are just a few of the hundreds of broadcasters and media companies who choose Ooyala. Headquartered in Silicon Valley, Ooyala is a subsidiary of global telecommunications and IT services company Telstra and has offices in Chennai, Cologne, Dallas, Guadalajara, London, Madrid, New York, Paris, Singapore, Stockholm, Sydney, Tokyo, and sales operations in many other countries across the globe. For more information, visit www.ooyala.com.

CONCLUSIONOTT is growing up and moving beyond what the broadcast industry has seen before. In the world of OTT 2.0, success will come to those companies that can dance with the consumer, and embrace technology, data, and new ways of thinking about video content and how to monetize it. It’s not a time to hold back but a time to charge forward and meet the future.

“As video entertainment options expand, consumers around the world continue to consume a vast amount of content across services and devices....But without a shift or focus on innovating the way consumers connect to entertainment, hyper-fragmentation will continue to be a barrier, driving consumer frustration and impacting how the industry captures the entertainment wallet share.”— Paul Stathacopoulos, Vice President of Strategy and Research, TiVo, as quoted in Rapid TV News

http://www.ooyala.com

https://www.rapidtvnews.com/2017091348806/tivo-reveals-key-behavioural-differences-between-loyal-pay-tv-subs-cord-cutters.html#axzz4zD6iPA3p

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