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Inglês II Intermediario CursosOnlineSP.com.br

Carga horári 60a: hs

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do:úConte

Uses of verbs with - Ing and Infinitive ................................................................... Pág. 7

Should and Shouldn't ........................................................................................... Pág. 9

Defining Relative Clauses .................................................................................... Pág. 11

First Conditional Com future Time Clauses .......................................................... Pág. 13

Will / Won't ........................................................................................................... Pág. 15

May / Might ........................................................................................................... Pág. 17

Indirect Questions ................................................................................................ Pág. 18

Reported Speech ................................................................................................. Pág. 20

Present Perfect Continuos ................................................................................... Pág. 23

Reflexive Pronouns .............................................................................................. Pág. 25

Vocabulary - Past Time Expressions ................................................................... Pág. 26

Cardinal Numbers ................................................................................................ Pág. 27

Ordinal Numbers .................................................................................................. Pág. 28

Vocabulary- Members of the Family ..................................................................... Pág. 29

Vocabulary - Confusing verbs .............................................................................. Pág. 30

Vocabulary - Work ................................................................................................ Pág. 31

Gabarito ............................................................................................................... Pág. 32

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Unidade 1: USES OF THE –ING / INFINITIVE

1. I want to go to the party

Alguns verbos pedem o uso do infinitivo quando um segundo verbo é usado após ele. Entre eles, temos os verbos: decide, forget, help, hope, learn, need, offer, plan, pretend, promise, remember, refuse, seem, start, try, want e would like.

2. I finished doing my homework. Alguns verbos pedem o uso do -ing quando um segundo verbo é usado após ele. Entre eles, temos os verbos: dislike, enjoy, feel like, finish, keep on, hate, like, love, practice, recommend, suggest, start, stop e think of.

3. I like singing. / I like to sing. Alguns verbos permitem o uso do infinitivo ou do -ing quando um segundo verbo é usado após ele, sem diferença no significado. Entre eles, temos os verbos: hate, like, love e start.

4. I stopped smoking last year. / I stopped to buy some chocolate. O verbo stop pode ser usado tanto com o –ing quanto com o infinitivo, porém com uma pequena mudança no significado. Quando usamos o –ing indicamos que paramos de fazer algo, enquanto o infinitivo sugere que paramos para fazer algo.

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5. Why do you study English? / To get a better job. Podemos usar o infinitive no começo de uma frase para indicar um motivo ou propósito.

6. Reading makes me happy. / I think smoking should be banned. Podemos usar um verbo como o sujeito da frase. Neste caso, usamos o -ing e o conjugamos como a terceira pessoa do singular (it). Lembrando que esta estrutura difere do português, onde fazemos a mesma coisa porém usando o infinitivo.

7. I can speak 4 languages. / She should work less. / She had better finish her work.

Usa-se o infinitivo sem to após os verbos modais. Entre eles, temos can, could, may, might, must e should, além de expressões similares como had better, have to, ought to e would rather. EXERCISE Complete the sentences with a verb in the infinitive or –ing forms. If both are possible, use them. I don’t like doing this kind of work. (do) What do you want __________ tonight? (do) I’m really bad at __________ people’s birthdates. (remember) I need __________ some aspirin urgently. (buy) Try ___________ less noise while I’m sleeping, please. (make) She spent all afternoon _________ to her boyfriend on the phone. (talk) I hate _________ late for class. (be) I’d like ___________ how to play some musical instrument. (learn) She decided ________________ to Australia. (move) _____________ long distances by plane is faster than ___________ by car. (travel / go) ____________ an only child may be very difficult. (be) Is your brother afraid of ___________ ? (fly) Keep on ___________ hard if you want to succeed. (study) I think we should ___________ a taxi to go home. (call) I suggested ___________ pizza for dinner. (get)

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Unidade 2: SHOULD / SHOULDN’T

(advice / suggestions / reccomendations / deduction) We should exercise more to keep in shape. She shouldn’t work so much. His team is really good, they should win the game. Usa-se o modal should ou shouldn’t para se dar um conselho, uma sugestão ou quando queremos dar a ideia de dedução. Nos dois primeiros exemplos, o falante está dando um conselho, sendo o primeiro na afirmativa e o segundo na negativa. Já no terceiro exemplo, há uma ideia de dedução. Por se tratar de um verbo modal, é necessário termos um segundo verbo após should sendo que este verbo deve estar no infinitivo sem a partícula to. Observe: should exercise shouldn’t work should win EXERCISE Complete the sentences with should / shouldn’t + one of the following verbs. do – drive – eat – go – ride – sit – waste – watch – win Jim, you shouldn’t watch too much TV! I’m a careless driver, I think I ____________ ____________ more carefully. If I want to lose weight, I ____________ ____________ more healthy food. We’ve been working nights, we ____________ ____________ it so often. His car is much faster, he ____________ ____________ the race. It’s late and you wake up early tomorrow. You ___________ _____________ to bed now.

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His motorcycle is really old, he ____________ ____________ it for such long distances. There’s a really hard test tomorrow, we ____________ ____________ our time playing games. Did you forget your glasses? You ____________ ____________ at the front. HAVE TO / DON’T HAVE TO / MUST / MUSTN’T / CAN’T You have to study more if you want to pass the test. Usamos haveto para falar sobre uma necessidade (necessity), algo que temos que fazer. You don’t have to talk to him if you don’t want to. Usamos a negative don’thaveto para uma não-necessidade (non-necessity), para falarmos sobre algo que não precisamos ou temos que fazer. You must be polite with people at work. Usamos must para algo que é uma regra (rule) ou uma obrigação (obligation). You mustn’t smoke in closed places. / You can’t smoke in closed places. Usamos a negative mustn’tou can’t para uma proibição (prohibition). Todos os modais e expressões acima devem ser seguidos de um verbo no infinitivo sem to. Observe: have to study don’t have to talk must be mustn’t smoke / can’t smoke EXERCISE Complete the sentences with have to / don’t have to / must / mustn’t / can’t + one of the following verbs. I don’t have to work on Sundays. (work - non-necessity) Jane __________ __________ very hard. (work - necessity) We __________ __________ a uniform to work. (wear - non-necessity) You __________ __________ here. (park – prohibition)

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This is a non-smoking area, you __________ __________ in here. If you want to, you __________ __________ outside. (smoke – prohibition / go – obligation) ________we __________ __________ tomorrow morning? (work – necessity) You __________ __________ your medicine every 6 hours. (take – obligation) It’s a free show, we __________ __________ for it. (pay – non-necessity) You __________ __________ the room after the class has started. (enter – prohibition) It’s getting late, I __________ __________now. (go – obligation) In England, you __________ __________ on the left. (drive – obligation) Unidade 3: DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

A dentist is a person who takes care of people’s teeth. A supermarket is a place where we can buy food. A pen is an object which we use to write on paper. Usamos estas expressões para explicar o que uma pessoa, um lugar ou um objeto é. Who usado para pessoas Whereusado para lugares Which usado para objetos That pode ser usado em qualquer um dos três casos acima Algumas expressões comumente usadas nestas situações são: a person who... uma pessoa que... somebody who... alguém que... a place where... um lugar onde… a thing that... uma coisa que... a kind of... um tipo de... the opposite of... o contrário/oposto de...

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like... como / tipo... similar to... similar a... / parecido com... how you feel when... como você se sente quando... NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES My mom, who cooked this meal, is a great cook. This photograph, which was taken by a very famous photographer, is worth a lot of money. This hospital, where I was born, is one of the best in town. Usamos non-defining relative clauses para acrescentar a uma frase informações extras e não essenciais para o seu entendimento. Essa informação deve vir entre vírgulas e as regras são parecidas com as defining relative clauses vistas anteriormente. Observe: Who usado para pessoas Whereusado para lugares Which usado para objetos Nestes casos, porém, não podemos substituir os pronomes relativos who, where e which por that. 1stCONDITIONAL (if + simple present / will + base form) If I miss the bus, I’ll get to school late. If she doesn’t study, she’ll fail the test. What will you do if it rains tomorrow? Quando usamos a 1ª condicional, nos referimos a uma possível situação no futuro e sua consequência. A parte da frase onde usamos if (se), chamada de if-clause, pode tanto vir no começo quanto no final, sem alterar o significado da frase. Observe: If I miss the bus, I’ll get to school late. I’ll get to school late if I miss the bus.

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Para formarmos essa condicional utilizamos na if-clause a estrutura if + simple present, e na segunda parte o futuro com will + base form. If I miss the bus, I’ll get to school late. If she doesn’t study, she’ll fail the test. What will you do if it rains tomorrow? Na 1ª condicional podemos também utilizar o imperativo ou o verbo modal can. If you miss the train, get a taxi to school. If you miss the train, you can get a taxi to school. EXERCISE Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs I won’t tell your parents if you tell me what happened. (not tell / happen) If you __________ to class on time, you __________ more. (come / learn) You __________ on time if __________ now. (be / leave) If I __________ notes, I __________ the subject. (not take / not remember) If you __________, the teacher __________ you. (need / help) If we __________ him later, we’ll __________ him tomorrow. (not see / see) If you __________ the test, you __________ a reward. (pass / get) If I __________ you some money, you __________ buy it soon. (lend / be able to) Your daddy __________ angry if you __________ him the truth. (be / not tell) If he __________ me, I __________ really upset. (not call / be) Unidade 4: 1ST CONDITIONAL + FUTURE TIME CLAUSES

(if / unless + simple present; will + base form)

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Vimos anteriormente como usar a 1ª condicional com a partícula if. Nesta seção veremos outras expressões que podemos usar com esta mesma condicional. I’ll get to school late if I miss the bus. I won’t get to school late, unless I miss the bus. She’ll fail the test if she doesn’t study hard. She’ll fail the test unless she studies hard. Nos dois casos acima, trocamos a partícula if (“se”) por unless (“a menos que”). Em ambas as situações usamos uma condição para que uma consequência futura aconteça. Quando usamos if, a ideia que vem após deve acontecer para que a consequência da segunda ideia também aconteça. I’ll get to school late if I miss the bus. (Para chegar à escola atrasada, a pessoa deve perder o ônibus.) She’ll fail the test if she doesn’t study hard. (Para ser reprovada no teste, a pessoa não deve estudar muito.) Quando usamos unless, as ideias se invertem, pois o que vem após a palavra não deve acontecer para que a consequência da segunda ideia aconteça. I won’t get to school late, unless I miss the bus. (A pessoa não chegará atrasada na escola a menos que perca o ônibus.) She’ll fail the test unless she studies hard. (A pessoa não será reprovada no teste, a menos que estude.) Outras expressões também podem ser usadas com a 1ª condicional, chamamos elas de future time clauses. as soon as assim que As soon as you get home, I’ll give him a call. whenquando We’ll give a party when he comes back home. untilaté / atéque I won’t leave until you tell me what happened. before antes / antes de / antes que We’ll eat something before we leave for the trip. afterdepois / depois de / depois que

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I’ll take a shower after I go to the gym. *A expressão as soon as possible (“assim que possível”) é comumente usada em e-mails e abreviada como ASAP. EXERCISE Complete the sentences with the following words or expressions: after – as soon as – before – if – unless – until – when I have to write it down beforeI forget. Tomorrow is the deadline, let’s meet ___________ we can. I’ll buy it ______________ I get my salary. Your family will be upset _____________ they find out what happened. ___________ I want to travel next year, I have to save money now. It’s raining a lot, let’s pull over ________ the rain stops. We won’t get there on time ___________ we leave now. I want to keep on practicing exercise _________ I get very old. You’ll surely pass your driving test __________ you get very nervous. Unidade 5: WILL / WON’T

(predictions / promises / offers / decisions) It will rain tomorrow. (prediction) I’ll always be here for you. (promises) Don’t worry, I’ll help you. (offers) We’ll have the steak. (decisions)

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Podemos usar o futuro com will para nos referirmos a previsões (predictions), promessas (promises), para oferecer algo (offers) e rápidas decisões (decisions).

Predictions informações não definidas ou incertas sobre o futuro como por exemplo informações sobre o tempo, sobre a duração de um evento, sobre o trânsito, sobre o que alguém vai achar sobre um filme, etc.

Promises promessas feitas a alguém a curto ou longo prazo.

Offers ofertas de ajuda a curto, médio ou longo prazo.

Decisions decisões rápidas e instantâneas, como por exemplo o prato a pedir em um restaurante ou uma peça de roupa escolhida em uma loja.

As regras gramaticais são as mesmas já apresentadas anteriormente: SUBJECT + WILL / WON’T + BASE FORM + COMPLEMENT EXERCISE Make sentences with the following words + will (+) / won’t (-). Then, say if it’s a prediction, an offer, a promise or a decision. The team / win (-) The team won’t win. prediction I / help you (+) _______________________________________________________ I / make a sandwich (+) _______________________________________________________ She / love the present (+) _______________________________________________________ We / tell anyone (-) _______________________________________________________ It / rain tomorrow (-) _______________________________________________________ It / be difficult to park (+) _______________________________________________________ I / take the blue shirt (+) _______________________________________________________ We / have some red wine only (+) _______________________________________________________

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Unidade 6: MAY / MIGHT

(possibility / probability) It might rain tomorrow. He may come to the party next weekend. Janet might not finish her test in time. Daddy may not lend us any money this time. Usamos os modais may e might para expressar uma ideia de possibilidade ou probabilidade de que algo aconteça. O significado é algo como poder, porém, desta vez se referindo a algo que pode acontecer pois há essa possibilidade, e não se referindo a uma habilidade como visto no modal can. Ambos possuem um significado parecido, porém may indica que há uma possibilidade maior de que algo aconteça. Observe: It may be cold tomorrow. It might be cold tomorrow. No primeiro exemplo (may), é passada a ideia de que mais provavelmente estará frio amanhã do que no segundo exemplo (might). Podemos seguir a mesma fórmula dos verbos modais para utilizá-los em uma frase. SUBJECT + MAY / MIGHT + BASE FORM + COMPLEMENT Negativa: SUBJECT + MAY / MIGHT + NOT + BASE FORM + COMPLEMENT

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INDIRECT QUESTIONS What time is it? (direct question) Can you tell me what time it is? (indirect question) Where’s the post office? (direct question) Could you tell me where the post office is? (indirect question) Is there a bank nearby? (direct question) Do you know if there’s a bank nearby? (indirect question) Where did he live? (direct question) Do you remember where he lived? (indirect question) Para que uma pergunta soe mais educada, podemos começá-las com expressões como: Can you tell me...? Você pode me dizer...? Could you tell me...? Você poderia me dizer…? Do you know…? Você sabe…? Nestes casos, então, devemos usar indirect questions, ou seja, perguntas indiretas. Em Inglês, sempre que fazemos uma pergunta, precisamos usar algum tipo de inversão, seja no verbo to be, seja com um verbo auxiliar ou com um verbo modal. Observe alguns exemplos: It’s 7 o’clock now. Is it 7 o’clock now? She works a lot. Does she work a lot? You can run very fast. Can you run very fast? Nos exemplos acima, começamos as perguntas com o verbo to be, com um verbo auxiliar e com um verbo modal, respectivamente. Um erro muito comum ao usarmos indirect questions é aplicar a mesma estrutura da interrogativa. As expressões citadas acima para serem usadas nas indirect questions já estão na interrogativa, observe: Can you tell me...? Could you tell me...? Do you know…? Do you remember…? Neste caso o resto da frase não pode ser invertido como em uma pergunta. Veja:

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What time is it? direct question Can you tell me what time is it? duas interrogativas na mesma frase Can you tell me what time it is? indirect question correta Mantemos a segunda parte da pergunta como se fosse uma afirmativa, respeitando a conjugação correta do verbo (presente, passado, futuro, 3ª pessoa, etc.). Outros exemplos: Where do you live? Could you tell me where do you live? Could you tell me where you live?

Where did she work before? Do you know where did she work before? Do you know where she worked before? EXERCISE Make indirect questions from the direct questions given. Where’s the bank? Do you know where the bank is? Where do your parents live? Could you tell me ________________________? Where can I eat? Do you know ________________________? What time does the school close? Do you know ________________________? Is it raining now? Can you tell me ________________________? Where did we leave the keys? Do you remember ________________________? Is there a post office nearby? Do you know if ________________________? Does this bus go downtown? Can you tell me if ________________________? Where is the cafeteria? Do you know ________________________?

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Unidade 7: REPORTED SPEECH

“I want to go home.” He said that he wanted to go home. “I’m hungry.” He said that he was hungry. Usamos o reported speech para reportar o que uma outra pessoa disse anteriormente. No exemplo acima, o falante falou no simple present, ou seja, na hora de reportar o que foi dito foi usado o simple past. Algumas das mudanças de tempo mais comuns são: SIMPLE PRESENT SIMPLE PAST “I want to go home.” He said that he wanted to go home. CAN COULD “I can speak 5 languages.” He said he could speak 5 languages. WILL WOULD “I’ll go there next week.” He said he would go there next week. SIMPLE PAST PAST PERFECT “I met her at the mall.” He said that he had met her at the mall. PRESENT PERFECT PAST PERFECT “I’ve been to Disney.” He said that he had been to Disney. No reported speech costumamos utilizar os verbos say (dizer) e tell (contar) em afirmativas e negativas, enquanto nas interrogativas usamos ask (perguntar).

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Para perguntas (reported questions) seguimos a mesma regra de mudanças de tempo acima, porém, não mantemos a estrutura interrogativa. Observe: SIMPLE PRESENT SIMPLE PAST “Do you want to go home?” He asked meifI wanted to go home. CAN COULD “Can you speak 5 languages?” He asked me if I could speak 5 languages. WILL WOULD “Will you be there next week?” He asked me if I would be there next week. SIMPLE PAST PAST PERFECT “Did you meet her at the mall?” He asked me If I had met her at the mall. PRESENT PERFECT PAST PERFECT “Have you been to Disney?” He asked me if I had been to Disney. Se usarmos algum tipo de wh-question, para reportar a pergunta devemos usá-la novamente. Observe: What do you want? He asked me what I wanted. Where did you go? He asked me whereI had gone. EXERCISE Write the following sentences and questions in the reported speech. I’m sick. He said that he was sick. Do you want to go there? He asked me if I wanted to go there.

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I don’t like beer. ______________________________________________ Do you like chocolate? ______________________________________________ I’ve been there before. ______________________________________________ I lived in a very small town. ______________________________________________ Have you been to England? ______________________________________________ Where did you work? ______________________________________________ I saw that movie on TV. ______________________________________________ Where does it come from? ______________________________________________ Can you drive well? ______________________________________________ Do you want to dance with me? ______________________________________________

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Unidade 8: PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

(have / has + been + ing)

I’ve been working for this company since 1999. She’s been reading that book for months. My mom hasn’t been cooking since she had a surgery. Usamos o present perfect continuous para falar sobre uma ação que começou no passado e ainda acontece no presente. Para utilizarmos seguimos as seguintes fórmulas: SUBJECT + HAVE / HAS + BEEN + -ING + COMPLEMENT (aff.) SUBJECT + HAVEN’T / HASN’T + BEEN + -ING + COMPLEMENT (neg.) HAVE / HAS + SUBJECT + BEEN + -ING + COMPLEMENT (int.) Como visto anteriormente, também podemos utilizar o present perfect para falar de uma ação iniciada e ainda não terminada. Mas podemos ter algumas diferenças entre eles. Observe: I’ve worked here for 10 years. I’ve been working here for 10 years. Neste caso, ambos tempos verbais indicam a mesma coisa, que a pessoa trabalha no mesmo lugar há 10 anos. No segundo exemplo, porém, enfatiza-se mais essa ação contínua, sem alterar o significado final. I’ve read that book. I’ve been reading that book for months. Neste exemplo os significados são diferentes. No primeiro, usa-se o present perfect para uma ação finalizada que não dizemos quando

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aconteceu, enquanto o segundo exemplo indica uma ação iniciada no passado e que ainda acontece. EXERCISE Write sentences in the present perfect continuous with the following words. Charlie / work here / for 7 years Charlie has been working here for 7 years. We / study Spanish / since 2010 ________________________________________________ You / work a lot recently / ? ________________________________________________ He / not feel well ________________________________________________ You / wait / for a long time / ? ________________________________________________ How long / you / live in São Paulo / ? ________________________________________________ The computer system / not work / since Monday ________________________________________________ We / walk / for hours ________________________________________________ She / not eat well / recently ________________________________________________ The baby / cry / for a long time ________________________________________________

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Unidade 9: REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS / EACH OTHER

I like to see myself in the mirror. I love cats because they clean themselves with no help. I hope we’ll see each other again soon.

Subject Pronoun Reflexive Pronoun

I Myself

You (sing.) Yourself

He Himself

She Herself

It Itself

We Ourselves

You (plural) Yourselves

They Themselves

Os pronomes reflexivos são usados quando o sujeito e o objeto da frase são os mesmos. Quando fazemos algo para alguém e essa pessoa faz o mesmo de volta, usamos a expressão each other. Veja: We hugged each other for a long time. (Nós nos abraçamos por um longo tempo.) They were looking at each other when I got there. (Eles estavam se olhando quando eu cheguei lá.)

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Unidade 10: VOCABULARY – PAST TIME EXPRESSIONS

LAST last night (ontem a noite) last week (semanapassada) lastweekend (fim-de-semanapassado) lastmonth (mêspassado) last year (anopassado) last class (aula passada) last Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, etc. (segunda, terça, quarta passada) last January, February, March, etc. (Janeiro, Fevereiro, Março passado) lastsummer (verão passado) YESTERDAY yesterday morning (ontem de manhã) yesterday afternoon (ontem a tarde) yesterday evening (ontem a noite) IN meses, anos, estações do ano in January, February, March, etc. (em Janeiro, Fevereiro, Março, etc.) in 1995 (em 1995) in the spring (na primavera) in the summer (no verão) in the fall (no outono) in the winter (no inverno) ON dias da semana e datas on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, etc. on November 20th

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VOCABULARY – CARDINAL NUMBERS 1 – ONE 2 – TWO 3 – THREE 4 – FOUR 5 – FIVE 6 – SIX 7 – SEVEN 8 – EIGHT 9 – NINE 10 – TEN -- 11 – ELEVEN 12 – TWELVE 13 – THIRTEEN 14 – FOURTEEN 15 – FIFTEEN 16 – SIXTEEN 17 – SEVENTEEN 18 – EIGHTEEN 19 – NINETEEN 20 – TWENTY 30 – THIRTY 40 – FORTY 50 – FIFTY 60 – SIXTY 70 – SEVENTY 80 – EIGHTY 90 – NINETY -- 100 – ONE HUNDRED 1,000 – ONE THOUSAND 1,000,000 – ONE MILLION 1,000,000,000 – ONE BILLION 5 – FIVE 25 – TWENTY-FIVE 125 – ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FIVE 6,125 – SIX THOUSAND, ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FIVE 36,125 – THIRTY-SIX THOUSAND, ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FIVE 336,125 – THREE HUNDRED AND THIRTY SIX THOUSAND, ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FIVE 2,336,125 – TWO MILLION, THREE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-SIX THOUSAND, ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FIVE

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Unidade 11: VOCABULARY – ORDINAL NUMBERS

1ST – FIRST 2ND – SECOND 3RD – THIRD 4TH – FOURTH 5TH – FIFTH 6TH – SIXTH 7TH – SEVENTH 8TH – EIGHTH 9TH – NINTH 10TH – TENTH -- 11TH – ELEVENTH 12TH – TWELFTH 13TH – THIRTEENTH 14TH – FOURTEENTH 15TH – FIFTEENTH 16TH – SIXTEENTH 17TH – SEVENTEENTH 18TH – EIGHTEENTH 19TH – NINETEENTH -- 20TH – TWENTIETH 30TH – THIRTIETH 40TH – FORTIETH 50TH – FIFTIETH 60TH – SIXTIETH 70TH – SEVENTIETH 80TH – EIGHTIETH 90TH – NINETIETH 21ST – TWENTY-FIRST 32ND – THIRTY-SECOND

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53RD – FIFTY-THIRD 67TH – SEVENTY-SEVENTH 99TH – NINETY-NINTH Unidade12: VOCABULARY – MEMBERS OF THE FAMILY

Father – pai / Mother – mãe Son – filho / Daughter – filha Brother – irmão / Sister – irmã Grandfather – avô / Grandmother – avó Great-grandfather – bisavô / Great-grandmother – bisavó Uncle – tio / Aunt – tia Cousin – primo/prima Father-in-law – sogro / Mother-in-law – sogra Son-in-law – genro / Daughter-in-law – nora Brother-in-law – cunhado / Sister-in-law – cunhada Stepfather – padrasto / Stepmother – madrasta Half-brother – meio-irmão / Half-sister – meia-irmã

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VOCABULARY – CONFUSING VERBS

WEAR (usar) # USE (usar) wear – geralmente usado para peças de roupas, refere-se a coisas que vão no nosso corpo (roupas, acessórios, óculos, maquiagem, etc.) use – usar para algum propósito WIN (ganhar) # EARN (ganhar) win – ganhar no sentido de vencer; vitória earn – ganhar dinheiro KNOW (conhecer) # MEET (conhecer) know – saber/conhecer meet – conhecer/encontrar uma pessoa HOPE (esperar) # WAIT (esperar) hope – esperar no sentido de ter esperança wait – esperar por algo ou alguém LISTEN TO (ouvir) # HEAR (ouvir) listento – ouvir algo com atenção, prestar atenção hear – ouvir no geral, sem focar a atenção

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VOCABULARY – WORK

Part-time – meio-período Full-time – período integral Temporary – temporário Permanent – permanente Contract – contrato Working hours – horas de trabalho Qualifications – qualificações Training course – treinamento To quit – demitir-se To fire – demitir To retire – aposentar-se Self-employed –autônomo

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Gabarito

Unidade 1: USES OF THE –ING / INFINITIVE

to do to remember to buy to make talking being to learn to move Traveling / to go Being flying studying call getting Unidade 2: SHOULD / SHOULDN’T I should drive I should eat we shouldn't do he should win should go shouldn't ride shouldn't waste should sit

HAVE TO / DON’T HAVE TO / MUST / MUSTN’T / CAN’T

has to work don't have to wear mustn't park can't smoke / must go Do / have to work must take don't have pay can't enter must go must drive

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1stCONDITIONAL

come / you'll learn You'll be / leave don't take / won't need / will help don't see / we’ll see pass / you'll get lend / you'll be will be / don't tell doesn't call / I'll be

Unidade 4: 1ST CONDITIONAL + FUTURE TIME CLAUSES as soon as after as soon as If until unless when before

Unidade 5: WILL / WON’T

I'll help you offer. I'll make a sandwich decision. She'll love the present prediction. We won't tell anyone. promise. It won't rain tomorrow. prediction. It'll be difficult to park. prediction. I'll take the blue shirt. decisions. We'll have some red wine only. decisions. INDIRECT QUESTIONS Could you tell me where your parents live? Do you know where I can eat? Do you know what time the school closes?

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Can you tell me if it raining is now? Do you remember where we left the keys? Do you know if there is a post office nearby? Can you tell me if this bus goes downtown? Do you know where the cafeteria is? Unidade 7: REPORTED SPEECH He said that he didn't like beer. He asked me if I liked chocolate. He said that he had been there before. He said that he had lived in a very small town. He asked me if I had been to England. He asked me where I had worked. He said that he had seen that movie on TV. He asked me where it comes from. He asked me if I could drive well. He asked me if I wanted to dance with him. Unidade 8: PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS We have been studying Spanish since 2010. Have you been working a lot recently? He hasn't been feeling well. Have you been waiting for a long time? How long have you been living in São Paulo? The computer system hasn't been working since Monday. We have been walking for hours. She hasn't been eating well recently. The baby has been crying for a long time.