K1335a Procedural Manual 17th Edition · 2009-03-31 · ¦kd#א éא¹ m א¥z א¹ m x tא mb;c...
263
Kj3·אKE iii Kj3·אKE MW? ................................ ................................ .............. 1 µ¹T אg? אloאX= א¥jW אMEÓ lKT¶אK;C א................................ ............... 3 loאX= א¥jW אMEÓ MEAאW אMou א................................ .............. 6 loאX= א¥jW אK>qאj ap¹ אאY ©j8Cא¹ MA8 אא¤ .................... 22 loאX= א¥jWA MK< א£K& א................................ ..................... 34 loאX= א¥jW אME . ·¹K<A MEDEj א«j:% אKB;C&א¹ K>qאj& אap¹ f h ME¹W אMEj@$ אMA8 אא¤ ©j8Cא¹ ................... 36 MEj@ Ð ME¹£ KB;C M¥K7+ M?A<& א£K& אloאX= א¥jW אME fB í ................................ ...................... 39 loאX= א¥jW אªאYT c¥K< ................................ .................. 47 lK אg? א¥jW·אKA MEDEj א«j:% אE¹W אMEj@$¶אKD& אMY¹ M88& אM ......... 54 M>E9& אKj@A MEDEj «j: ................................ .......... 54 KKBt א¥א£x MEDEj «j: ................................ .......... 61 KYA MEDEj «j: ................................ ..................... 65 MEA<> אfB< אKjB2 MEDEj א«j:% א................................ . 69 ME¹Ï@x אfB< אKKê ·G7 MEDEj א«j:% א......................... 73 ÐK< loאX= א¥jW אMEÓ MEY ZD K7 ................................ .. 77 ! ÐK< fB< אKj¹ WW ................................ ...................... 79
Transcript of K1335a Procedural Manual 17th Edition · 2009-03-31 · ¦kd#א éא¹ m א¥z א¹ m x tא mb;c...
א
iii
א
..............................................................................1
א אא א א א 3...............................................א
א א א א א 6..............................................א
א א א א א אאא 22....................א
א א א 34.....................................................א
א א א א אאא א א אא א 36...................א
א אא א 39......................................................א
א א א 47..................................................א
א אא א אא א 54.........אא
54..........................................א
א 61..........................................א
.....................................................65
א א א 69.................................א
א א א 73.........................א
א א 77..................................א
79......................................................א
א
iv
אא אא 80........................................א
א א אא א א אא א 86.............................................................א
א ،א א א א אאא א א א א א א 106.........................א
א א א 117...............................................א
א א 120.................................................א
א א א א 125......................................א
א א א 132..............................א
א אא אא א 134....................א
א א א א אא 142.........................................אא
א א א אאאאא 151.................א
אא א א א 157.........א
אא א אא א 172........................................................א
א א אא א א 186.....................................................א
א א אא א 188....................................א
א א א א 191...........................................א
א
א א א א א א אא א CX-703(.............191(א
א א א א 192.............(CX-716)אא
א א א א 194...........(CX-711)א
א א א א CX-735(..............196(א
א א א א 197..............(CX-712)א
א א א א 200.............(CX-714)א
א א א א א א 202......(CX-715)א
א א א א א 204..........(CX-718)א
א א א אא א 207...........................................................(CX-730)א
א א א אא א א אא א 208........................................(CX-733)א
א א א א אא א א 210.................................(CX-720)א
א א אא א 212.....................................................(CX-708)א
א א אא 214.....................(CX-710)א
א א א א א א 214...(CX-713)א
א א א א א א 216..(CX-709)א
א א א א 217....................(CX-717)א
אאא א 218..............(CX-723)א
א
vi
א א א אא א א 219.................................(CX-721)א
א א אא א א 220.................................(CX-722)א
א א א א 222...............(CX-724)א
אא א א א 222.............(CX-726)א
א א א אאא א 223..............................................(CX-729) א
א א א א א CX-728(.........224(א
א א א א א א CX-731(...224(א
א א א א א CX-703(....226(א
א א א א א א CX-719(......227(א
א א א א אא CX-801(........................................228(א
א אא א אCX-802(..........................229(אא
א א א א א א 231..(CX-803)א
א א א א אא 232...................................(CX-804)א
א א אאא אCX-805(...............................................233(א
א א א א א233........................................(CX –707)אא
א
א א א א אא 235..........................................(CX-727)א
אא א א אא 237........................................(CX-706)א
א א א אאא א א א 239............(CX-725)א
א א א א אאא 241........................................(CX-734)א
א א א א אא א א א 242............(CX-732)א
א א א א א אא א א א 244............................א
א א א א א א אא א ، 246.........................א
א א א א א 247..........................................א
אא א א א
א א א אא א אא א א 250.........................................א
א א אא 252.........א
א א א א א א 253..................................א
1
א א א א א א אאא א א א א
א א א א א.א א א א אא א א א א.אא א א .א
א א א א א א א אא א א א א א א א א.א א
א א א א א א אא ، א א ،.א
א א א א א אא א.א א
א א א א.א אא אא א ، א א א א א ،א א ، א א א א א א א
א א א א .אא אא א
א .אא א א א א א
.אא א א א .א
א א אא א אא אא ، א א א.2007א
א א א א אא א א א א א ، א א א
א א ,Rome, Italy00153 FAO א אnet.codexalimentarius.www://http.
א א
2
א אא אא א אא א א אא אא א אא א א א
א א א א א א אא א א א א א
א א א
א א
א א א א אא אא א א א א1962/1963א
א.א ،.1966א א א אא.2007 א א א א
، א.א א א א א א אא .א
א א א א א א א א אא א א א אא א א א אא א א.א א א א
א2004 א א א א .אא א א א א א א א
א.2007 א א א א א אא א א א א א .א
א א א א א.א
א א
3
א א א א א1א
א א ، א א ،5א، א א א א א א א
א א א א ،א :،א؛)( א אא)( א א א א
؛ א א א אא)( א א א אא א
؛ א א ، א אא)( א א א א )(א
، א א א ، אא א א א א אא א
؛)( א ، אא)( א א א א א .א
2א
א א א א אא א א א אא א .א
א א א א א א א א אא א .א
3א
א א א ، ،א א א א א
א א
4
א א א א א א، א א א א א א א א א
.4א
א א، א א א א א א
א א א ، א א א ،אא א א א א .א
5א
א א א א א אא א א א ،.א א
، ،א א א א א א.א
6א
א א אא א א א א.א א
.א7א
، א אא א א .א
8א
א א א א אא א א א א א אא
א א א א ، .א
א א
5
9א
א א א ، א אא א א א א ، א
א א אא א א א א א ، אא א א א א.א א א
א א א א א אא ، אא א א א א א א א
א א א א .א10א
א(א א א )אא א אא א א א
א א ، א א ، .א، א א א ،
א א א אאא .א
א א א
6
א א א א א אא א–א
א−1 א א א א א אא ، א א،"א"א
א א א א א א/א .אא−2 א א א א א א
א א א א א א א .אאא−3 א א א
א א א א א א א א אא א א א א א א .א
א−4 א א א א א א אא ، א ، א א
א .אא א–א א
א−1 אא א אא ، .א
א−2 א אא א א א א א
א.א א אא א א א א .א
3−، א א א אא א א א א
א2 א א א א א א ،
א א א
7
א ،.א א א אא .א
א−4 א אאא. א א א א
.אא−5 א א א א
، א א אא א א אא א א א ، ، א א
א א א א א אא א.א
א א א א א א، א א א א א א א
א א א אאא א א א א א ، א א
.אא−6 א א א א א
א א א א א .אא א א א א א
.א−7 א א
، א א א א אא א א א.א
א א א א ، א1א א א א ،2.
א"1 א"א א א א א א א א .אא2 א א א
אא.א אא א א א ، .א
א א א
8
א−8 ، א ،6א א אא אא א א א
א ، א א ، אא .א
א א–אא−1 א א
א")א"א( ،א א.א א
א א א א א א א א .אאא א א א א
א א.א א א א א אא א א א .א
א א ،א، א .א
א−2 א ، א ، אא א א א.א א
א .אאא−3 א א ، א א א
، א א ، א א א א אא ، א א
א. א א א א א.א
א−4 .אא−5 א א א א אאא
א א א
9
، א ، א אא א א א א א .א
א א א−אא−1 א א א א
א א א ")א"א(1–אא א א(א
א" א")א א، א א א אא א א א א א ، א .א
א−2 א א א אא א א א ،..א אא א א ،)2)((11−1אא
א א .א.אא.א א אא א
.א:א−3
א)1( א א −א؛א)2)((1
א)2( א ، א א א،)1)((1–א א
א א א א ، א א א؛ א א
)3(، א ، א א אא א א א א א א אא א א
.
א א א
10
א א–א אא−1 א א א א א א
א א ،אא א א א א ،:א ،
، א ، א א ، א א ،א א.א א אא א.א א א
א א ، א א א א א א אא ، א א א א
א.אאא א א.א
2−، א א א א א ، א אא.אא
، א א א א א א א، א א א א ، א א
א א א אא א א .אא−3 א א א א
א ، א א א א אא א א .1−א
א−4 א א א.א
א א א א א، א .אא א א א א א א
א.א א א א א א א.א
א א א
11
א−5 א–א א–אא .א
6−، א א א א א א א אא א א א ، א.א
، א א א ، .אא−7 א .א
א א–א אא−1 א ، א ، א
א א א א.א א אא א א א א א אא
.אא−2 א א א א א א א א
، א א ، א א א א אא .א
א−3 אאא א .א
א−4 א .א5−، א א ،
א ،.א، א
.א−6 ، א .אא−7 א אאא א א א
א א.1–א א ، א א א
א א א
12
א ، א א20א، א.א25א ،
א א ، אא א א א א א א ،.
א א–א1−، א א א א א א א א
א ، א א א אא .א
א−2 א א א .אאא−3 א א א א
א א א א .אא−4 א א א א א א א
א א א א .אאא−5 א א א ، א
א א א ، א א ، א אא א.א אא
א א א א א א אא א א ، א א א א
.אא−6 א אא א
א א א א א א.א א אא ، א א א ،
.
א א א
13
א−7 א א א א א א אאא א א א א א א א אא א א א א א אא ، א ، א ، א
א .א
א א א
14
א א–א א א אא−1 א ، א 3אא.א א א .א
א−2 א א א א ،א.א
א−3 א אא א א א א ، א א
א א אא.אא ، א א א
א א א א א א.אא א א .א
א א .אא−4 א ، א5א ، 2א
א ، א א א א ، א א.אא
א−5 א ، א א אא א א א א א
א א א.א א א .אא−6 א א
א א .אא12א−7 ، א א א א א
א א ، א א אאא א א .א
א א א
15
א א−א אא−1 א א א
، א א א א א، א א א א א א א א א
א א א א.אא א .א
א−2 א א א א אאא ، א א א א
א א א א אא א א א ، א א .א
א א א א א א א אא א .א
3−، א א א א אא א א .א
אא−4 ، א א א א א، א א א א
א א א .אא−5 א אא ، א
א א א א א ، א אא א א א א א א ، א א
א א ؛ א א א אאא ، ، א א א .א
א−6 א א א א א אא א א א א א א א ، א
אא א א ، א א אא א א א.א א א
א א א
16
א ، ، א א א אא א.א א א א א א
א א א א א א ، אא א א א א .א
א א–א אא −1 א א א
א א ، א.אא א א .א
א−2 ، אא אא א א א א א א א אא א א ، ، א א א
א א א א א א .אא−3 א א א א א א א
א א א א א א ، אא/ א א א א ، א /א
א א א א .אא−4 א א א א א
א א א ، א א א ، אא א א .א
א–אא אא−1 א א א :א
א)( א א א א؛ א א א
א)( :אא)1( א א א א
א ، א א א
א א א
17
א א א א.א
א)2( א אא א א א א א
.אאא−2 א ، א א 3א
א א א א א א א א א ،א א ،א א א א
א א .אא−3 א א א א א א
א)1)((1 א א אא אא א א א
.אא−4 א .א
א א א א .אא−5 א ،א א
א א א.א א א א א.
א−6 א א א א א א א אא :אא)( א ،)(1–אא
؛ אא)( א א ،)1)((1–א
א( א א)א א א ،א א א א א ، א
א א א
18
א ،א א אא א א א ، א
؛ אא)( א א )2)((1–א
א( א)א ،.א−7 א אא א א א א
א א א א א)(1–א –אא)2)((1 א ، א א א ، א ، א
א ((1–א א)2) א، א א، א א .א
א−8 א א אא א)(1–א א
.אאא−9 א א)(1–אא)2)((1–א ، א א א א
א א א א)1)((1–אא 10אא
א א.א אא א א א א א א ، א /א
א א א א ، א ، א אא .אא−10 א א א א
א א א،)1)((1–א .אא א .א
אא−11 א א ، א ، א א.א
א א א
19
א א–א א אא−1 א א א א א א א
א א א ،א א אא א א .א
א−2 א א א א אא א.א א א א א א א
א א א אא א א .אא א–א א א
א−1 א א א א א א א אא א א
א אא א א .אא א א א א א א א، א
א א א א א א ، א.א
אא−2 א ، א א אא א א)(1–א ،)2)((1–א
א א ، א א.א
א−3 א (אא א)א א א א א א
א א .אא−4 א א א(1)((1–א א) א א)א .א
א א א א א אא ، א א10א א
.
א א א
20
א−5 א3−א ،א א ، א ، א
א א א א א א א אא.א א א א אא א א
، א א א א א אא א א א א א .א
א א א–אא−1 א אא −א1)(، א
א א א א א א .אא−2 ،1،
א א אא א :אא)( א א א
א א א א א א؛ א א א א א א
א)( א א אאא א א .א
א−3 א א אא א/א א .א
א−4 א3א ، אאא א א)(1−א .א
א א–א א א אא−1 א א א א א
א א ، אא .אא א א א א
א א א
21
א ، א א א א א א אא א .א
א−2 א ، א א א א אא א ، א1235–א א ، א א א27–، ،
א146–א א א123–، א ، א א ،–34،א א579–א ، א א ، א א ،
א א ، א א א ، אא.א א א א
.אא א–א
1−، א א א ،8א א א، א א א א א א א א א א
א א א א אא .א.א
א אא א
22
א א א א א א א
א: א א א א א א א אא(א א ، אא)א א א
.
א א א א א :אא−1 א א א א א א א
א א א("א א (א א") א א ).אא−2 א א א א
א א א ، א א א אא א א א א א(،
א )אא−3 ، א"א א א א א א
א ،"א ، א א א ،א א א.א א א א א
א אא א א א ،א. א א"א א"א
، א ، ، א אא א א אא ".א"א
א א"א"א א ،א. א א א א ،
א א ، ".א"אא א א א א .א
א א א א
23
א−4 ، א ، ،א א א ،.א
א א ، א א א אא א ، אא א.א א א א א א א
.אא−5 ، א א
אא א .אא .8א
א−6 ، א א א א א ،א67 א א א ،.
א א א ،א א א אא ،.א א
،67א א א א ،א א א .אא
א−7 א ، א א ،א א א א א
.א−8 א א א א"א ".א
א א א ، א א א א ، א א א אא א ، א א אא א א א ، א א א
אא .8א
9−، א א א א א אא א א א א א א
א( א ).א
א א א א
24
א א:א א אא−1 א ، א א "אא"א א א א א ،א א(א א א)א א ).א
2−، א א א א.א
א א:א א אא א א
א−1 ، א א א ،، א אא א א א א، א :א
؛ • א א א
؛ • א
؛ • א א א א
؛ • א א
؛ • א א א א
؛א • א א א א
؛ • א א א
א • א؛ א
• ، א ، א א א א אא ،5אא א א א א
א א א א .א
א א א א
25
א−2 א א א א אא א א א א א .א
אא−3 :אא/א • א ، א "א
א"א א א א א א ،؛ א
؛ • א א א א א א
א • אא ، אא א א א
؛)א • א א א א א א
א א א א א א ، א א אאא ،.
א−4 א א א א א אא א א א א ، א א א א
א3א א א א א א א4، ،א א א א א א א ، א א
.אא א א
א−5 א א א א א אא ، א .א
א3 א א א .אא4 א א א .א
א א א א
26
؛−6 א ؛ א א א، א א א א
א ، א .אא−7 א אא א א
א א א א ، א א אא א .א
א−8 ، א א א אא אא .א
:א • א א א א א א
؛ א
א • א א א א א:א−، א א א ، א א א א
؛ א א؛− ، א א א א א؛− א.א−
א א:א א א א א אא א א
א 1،23א
א)1( ، א"אא א א אא א"א ، א ،
א א א א
27
א א א ، ، .אא א א א א אא א א א
.، א א אא א א א א א
א ، א אא א .אא)2( א א א א.א
א א ، א א א א אא א א א א אא א א א א א אא א א א אא א א א א א א ، א
א א אא.אא א א ،
.אא)3( א א א א א א א א
א א א א ، א אאא א א .א
4א
، א א ، אא א א א .א
5א
א א ، א אאא א א א א ،5א א
א5 א א א אא א5א ،א א א א א א א5א ،
א א א א א א א אא، א א א .א
א א א א
28
א א א א א א ، א א אא א א א א
א.א ، א א א، א א א א א ، א א
א א א א א א א א אא א א א.א א א
א א א א ، א א אא ، ، א א א א
.א6א
א א א א א א א א אא א ، א א א א
א א .א7א
،א א אא א א א ،.
8א
א א א א א א א، א ، א
א א א אא א א8א ،א.א ، א א א ، א
א א א א א א א אאא אא .א
א א א א ، א א אא א ، א א ،
א א א א
29
א א א א אא ، אא א .אא א א:א א א א א א א
א א אא 1،23א
א)1( ، א א א א א ، "אאא א א א א"א א א ،
א א א.6א אא א א א ، א א
، א ، .אא)2( א א א א.א
א א ، א א א א אא א א א א א
א א אא א א אא א א א אא א א א א א א ، א
א א א.א אאא א א ،
.אא)3( א א א א א א א א
א א א א א
א6 א ، ، א א א א
א ؛ א א)א(א א א א ؛ אא א א א ؛ .א
א א א א
30
א א א.אא א אא א א א א ،.
4א
، א א אא א א א .א،
5א
א א א א א אא א א א א א א ، א א
، א ، א אא אא א ، א א
א. א א ، א א א ، אא א א א א
א א אא ،.، א א אא א،אא א
אאאאאאאא ،אא אאאאא אאא
، אאאאא .אא א:א א א א א א א
א א א א אאא א א/א א ، א א.א
א אאא .א
א א א א
31
א א א א א א אא א
א א אא אא א א א א/א ، א א
א .אא א א
א .אא אאאאאאא
א−1 אאאא אאא8א אאאא .אאאא
אאאא א אאאאאא .אאאאאא−2 ،א אא אא
אאאא אאאא אא.אא
،אא−3 :אאאאאאא،אא ،אא
א אאאא،.אא:אא
؛ • ؛ •،א • א אאא،אא
א،אאא א .א
א א א א
32
אאאאא، אאא אאאא
،אא אאאאאא، אא .אאאא
א אאאאאאאא.""א
אאאא ،אא א.אאאאא−4 אאאאאאאא
،אאא ،א אא.אאאאא
، אאא )(אאאא א.א א
אאאא( אא א)אא،אאאא.אא
.אאא–א−5 אאאאאאא–אא אא א.אא،אא :אא
א،אאא )1(א8אאא א 3א(אאא אא )א
אאא )2( אא،א אאאא5א א א3אא(אא אא )א
א א א א
33
،א )3( אאאא אאא،אאאאאאא،אא.אאא .אאא
א،אאא−6אאא،א
אאאאאאאאאא، אא.אא
א،א،אא.א
−אאאאאא–אא ،אאא א؛אאא)(:א א
אאאא.אא)(אא אאא
א، א.אאא،א،אא
.אא
א א
34
א א א א
א א א אא−1 א א אאא א א7א
א.، אא א אא א א ، .א
א א א א ،אא .א
א א א2−، א ، א א א א א
א ،.، א א אא א א א א.א א א
א א ، א ، אא ،אא א א ، א א ، אא א א א א א
א א ،.א א אא ،.
א−3 א א א א א א אא. א א א א א א א
.א א
א−4 אא א א، ، א א
א7 ،.
א א
35
א. אא א ،א ، א
א א، א .אא א א
א−5 א א א א א א אא א א ، א ، א א א א
אא א א א א א.א، א א ، ، א אא א א א
א א א.א א אא א
א ، א א א א א א.א
אאא א א
36
א אא א אא א א א א א א א
א אא)1( א א א א א
א א א א א א א.א
א)2( א א א"א א א אא א א א א א ".א
א אא)3( א א א
.א)4( א :א
אא)( א א א א א אא א א
אא)( א .אא א א א
א)5( א א א א אא .א
א)6( א8אאא א א א .9א
א8 א אא א א א .א
אאא"9 א"א אא א אא א .א
אאא א א
37
אא א א א א א א א א10א
א)7( א א א ،א א א א א ،א א
א א א א א א א ، א، א אא א א א א
א אא אא א א א א א א.א
א"3א א א א א א א אא א א".א א ،
אא א א א אא א א א א א א א
א2א א א א.א א א אא א א א א א אא א
א .אא)8( ، ،
א א אא א א א א א א
א2א אא א א א א .אא א א א א 3א
א" א א א א א א א א א ".א
א10 א1א ، א א א א א2א א א
א א א א א א א א א א א א אא א(א א א ، א א א א א ).א
אאא א א
38
א א א א)9(
א א.אא א א .א
)10(אא א א
.א)11(
א א א אא א א ، אא א .א
א)12( אא א א אא א א א א א א
.אא)13( א א א א א א א
א א א א אא א א א א
א א .אא
א א
39
א אא א א
א–1א א א א א א، א א א א א א א
אא א א א אא א א א א א
، א א א א .אאא א א א א א
א א א א.א
א−2 א، א א"א ،"א
אא ، א ، .אא−3 "א"א
א א :אא)1( א א א א
א א א ،א א
א)2( א א א، א א
א)3( א :אא)( א א א
؛ א א
א א
40
א)( ؛א אא)( א א א א
؛ א אא)( א ،
א א .אא
؛ אא)( א א
.אא א)(א א א א"،
אא" .א، א א א א א א א א
א א א א א א ، א אא אא
א .אא–4 א "א"אא4−1 א א א א א א
א אא" א"א א א א
אא א א א אא א א א א א
א א א א /א
א א
41
א .א11אא א .א
א4−2 א א א א א אא א
א ، אא א א א .א
، א א א א אא אא א 3א
א.א א א א א ، אא א.א .א
א א א א א ،אא א א א א א א
، א א9−6א א א אא .א
א א א א א ، א אא א א א א א ، א א א
א א א.א ، אא א א א א א
.א، א א א א
א א א .אא א א א
.א
א"11 א"א א א
א א .א
א א
42
א−5 א א אא א א א א א
א א :אא5−1 א א א א "א"א
:אא)א(א)( א
א ، א א ، א ،، א ، א א ، א א
א .12אא)א(א)(
א ، א א ،א א א ، א א א ، א
א ، ؛א אא)( א א א
א א א א א א، א א א א א א
؛ א א א אא)( א א
؛ א)(، א ،
، אא א א ، אא א .א
א12 א א א א א א אא .א
א א
43
א5−2 א א א "א"אא :"א"א
אא)( א א א؛ א א א א א א א א
א)( ، אא א א א א א א ،א
؛ א א א אא)( ، א א ، א ،
א א א א א אא א א א א א אא
؛ אא)( ، א ، א
؛ א אא)( א א ، א א א
א א א א.א
א–6 א"א "אא א א א א א
א א ،א34א א אא אא א .א
א א א א ، א אא א א
א א א א א א .א
א א
44
، א א א א א ، א א אא א.א א
א א א .אא א ،א א א א א ،
א א א א א א.א אא א א א א .א
אא א א א אא א א א א א א א א
א א ، א .אא א א .א
א ، א א א א א א، .א
א א
45
א:א א "א"אא)( )א(אא)( א א ، א ، א ، א א א
א א אא)( (،)א(א
א א ، א ، ، א).،אא)( ،(א א ، א א
א א ، א.א אא ، א.א אא
א א ، אא א א )א
א(א)( ، א ،א א ، )،א
،(א)( א א ، א א אא ،(
،(א)( א א ، א אא א אא)א א
:א)(א− א(א א
، )אא(− )א
א א
46
א)( א א א א אא אא א
א)( א א א א א אא א א א א א א
א( א א/אאא א ، א א א א א
א )אא)( א א /א(א
א אא).א אא א א ، א א
א א ،.א א א א אא א
א)( ،א א א א אא א א א א.א
א א א א ،.، אא א
א(א)( ، אא א)، אא א א
א)( א אא)( א
47
א א א א
א א א :אאאא
א א "א"אא א א א א .א
אא א א א ،אא .א
،א א ، א ،א ، א א
א(אא אא)א א א א א א א א א
א)(אא א א א"א"א.א א
א א .אא א א א א א :א
א א אאא א אא א א؛אא א אא א א אאא א
א אאא א אא אא
א .אא א א א
א אא א א.א א אאא .א
48
א א אאא،א אא א א א
א א אא .א
אא א ، א אא( א א ، א א א
א)א א א א א א א א אא.אא א א
א א א א .אאאא א א،א
אא אאא אאא.אא ،א א א א א
א א א א א א אא א א א א א א "،
א א א א א א" א אא.א א א א א א א
א א ، ، אא אא א א .א
א א א א א א אא .א
א אא א א א א א אא א א א א.אא א
א א א א ، א א א א אא .א
49
א א א אא א א א ،אא،)/( א א א
א א א א א א א .א אא אא א א אא א א א
א א .אאאא א א אא،א
א א א א א א א ، א: א )( א .אא )( א א א א א،אא אא אאא א א א א .א
א א א א א אא א אא א .א אאאא
א אא א א א א،א ، א א א א א אא
א .אא א א א א ،א א
א א אא א א א،אא אא א א א .א
א א א א א א א אא א א אאא א א א .א
א א א א א א.א
א א א א א אא א א א א א א א א א א
.א
50
א אא א א א א .א
א אאא א א אא א א ، א א א א א אא א א א א א א
.אא אא א/א א א
א א א א ، א א אא א .א
א א א אא אא א א א א/(א
ug/א א א)א א א אא א .א
א אא א אא א א
א. א א א אא א א א א .א
א א א ،א א.א/א ،
א א א א א א א אא א .אא אא א א אא א א א
، א א א א ، א א אא .א
51
א:א/א )א(אא א .א
א א א א،:א ، א
א .אא:א א א א א א א א
.אא::א ، א א ، א.א
א:א א א (א :1(، ،)2(א ،)3(א .א)4(אא א:א אא א א
א א א ، א א א אא א א א א א א
א א א א א א ، .אאא א:א א ، א א א א
، א א ، א א א א ، א אא א א א א ، א ، א א
א א ، א א א אא א א .א
א:א א א א אא א א אא .א
.א:א
52
א:א ،/א א א אא א א
א ، .אאא:א א א .אא:א א א א א א א
א א א .אא:א אא א א א א א א
א א א א א א אא א ، א.א א א
א אא א .אא:א )א(א
א/א א א א א).א(
א:א א/א אא א אא א א א א א א
.א:א א/א א א
א א א .אא א:א א/א א א
א א א א א .אא א:א א/א א אא א אא א، א .א
א א
53
א אא א א א
א א אאא אאא אאאא א אאאא א אא א
א אא א א א א א א א א א
אא .אא א א א א
א א א א ، א.א א.א
، א אא אאא .א
א א א א א אא ، א א א א
א א א אא ، .אא א אאא
א אא .א
א א
54
א א א אא א א
אאא א א א
א7 א א א א )(16−1אא א א א א ، א א א
א א א א ،א א א א אא א א .אא ، א א א א ، א א א
א א א א א.א אא א א א א א א א א
א א .אא
אא א א א א
א א אא א אא א א.א א א
א א א .אא א
אא א אא ، א א ، א א
א א א א א א אא.א א ،א א
א א א (א
א א
55
א א)א א א אא א א.א א א
אא א א א א א אא .א
א א אא
א א א א א א א א، א א א .א
א א א א א.א א אא א א א ، א א
א א א.אא .א
אא א א א
א א.א אא א ،א א
א א א ،.א א א، א א א א ، אא א א א א ،א
א. א א א א אא א א א א .א
א א אא :א
אא)( א אא א .א
א א
56
א)( א א)א(א אא א א .א
א)( א א א א אא אא
א)( א א א א .א)(، א א
א א א ، אא .א
א)( א א א א א ، א א ، א אא א א א א א א אא א א א א ، א
.אא א
אאא א א א א א א א א
א א א א אא א .א
א א א אא א .אא א א א
א א א א א א א א אא א א .א
א א אא א א אא ، א א א א א א א
א א
57
א א א א א א ، ، א אא א א א א א ،א א א
א ، א א א א א ، אא א א א א א א א .א
א ، א א א ، אאא ، א א ، א ، א א
א א א(א א ، א א א ، א אא).א א א א א א
א .א:א
א)( אא)( א אא)(א)( א א א א
.אא)( .אא)( א א א
א .א، א א א א
א30 .אא א א א א א ، א א א
، א א א א א.א אא ، א א ، א אא א א
א.א א א .א
א א
58
א א א א:א
)(، א א אא)( א ،א)(، ، א א א א
א א א א א א א א ، אא א.א א א א א
.)(אא)( א אא)( א .א
א א א א אא א .א
אא א א
א א א א א א א.א א אא א א .א
א א א א אא א .א
א א א אא א .א
א א
59
א אא א א א
א :א)1(، א א)2(، א א א א א א א א אא)3( א א .א
א א א א א، א אא א א א א א
، א א א א .א، א א א א א
א א א א ، ، .אא א א אא א א א א א א ، א א
א ، א א א א.א
א ، א א א، א א א א
א א א .אא א 13א
א ، אא א א א א א ، א א.א
א.א א א א א א، א א.אא א
א13 א א .א
א א
60
א( א א)א א.א אא. א א
א א א א א .אא ، א א א
א א א ،.א א א אא א א א ..א
א א א א א א אא .א
א א
61
א א א א אא א א א
א7 א אא א א אא)(1− א א א ، א א א
א א א א א א א א אא אא .א
א ، א א א א ، א א אא א א א א.א א
، א א א א א א א אאא א א א א .א
א אא א א א א א
א.א א א א א א א.אא
א א א א אא .אא א א א ، א א א
א א ، א .אא אא ، א א
א א א ،، א א ، ، א ،
א א א אא א א אא א א")א("א.א
א א א א .א
א א
62
א א א א א א א א א، א א א א א ،
א א.א א"א :X"א ،
א א אא אא .א
אא א א א :א
א)( א א.א א א א، א א א
א א א א א א א א א א؛ א א
)(، א א א א אא א א ، א א א א
؛ א א؛)( א אא)( א א א א א ، א א
א א ، א:
א− א א ؛א א א א אא− א א א א א
؛ א א אא− א א ، א א א א א
؛2א א א
א א
63
א :אא)( א א אא)( א א א א .א
א א א א א א אא א ، ،א א
א א א א אא .א
، א ، א אא א א א 58אא
א)א(5א א א א א א ،א א ،.
א אא א א א א
א :א؛)( א א א א א א א א)(، א א
א :א؛− אא− א א
؛ א אא− א א א א
א א א א א א؛ א א
א א
64
א− א א א א אאא א .א
א)( א אא ، א א א
، א ،.א
א א
65
א אא א א
א7 א א א א א אא)(1− א א א ، א א א
א א א א א אא א אא א א .אא ، א א א א ، א א א
א א א א א.א א، א א א א א א א
א א א א .אא
א א א א א א א אא א ،א .א
א א א א.א א אא א א א ، א א
א .אא
א7 ، א אא .א
א אא אא א ،−10،א א א א א)(1−א א
א)2)((1− ،.א א א א א :א
؛ • א א א א
א א
66
א • א א א؛ א א
؛ • א א ، א ، א • א א
؛ א א א א א אא • ، ، א א א א
؛ אא • ، א
؛ א א א؛ • א א א א א א א• /
.אאא א
א א א א אא א א א ، א ، א
א .אא א א א א א .אא
א א א"א7−א א، א א א א ، א א א א אא א א א א ".א
א ، א א א א א א אא א ، א א
، א ، א ، א א א א אאא א ،
א א א ،.
א א
67
א א א אא א א א א א ، א
א א א א .47אא ، א א א א
؛ א א ، א אא ،.א א ،
א א אא א א .א
א א א א א א אא ،א א א
א א א א .אא א א 14א
א א א א א א אא א אא א א א א
.א א א א א א אא
א א ، א א א אא א א .א
א א א א .א، א א א ، א
:א؛)( א א א א אא)( א א אא
؛ א א א
א"א14 א א א א א א א:א("א א א
א א א ).א
א א
68
א)( א א א א א אא א א ، ،א א א א א א
.א، א א א א
א א א א א :אא)1()( א א א
א א א ، ، א؛ א א א א א א א)2(א
א ، א א א א،)3(؛ א ، א א א
א .אא)( א א ؛א א אא)( א ، א ، א
א א א א אא א א א א
؛ א)(، ، א אא
א א א א ، א؛ א
א)( אא א א א א א ؛15א
אא)( א .א
א15 א א אא א א א א א אא א א א א ، א .א
א א
69
א א א א
א אא א א א א א
א א .אא א א א א א א
א א،א א א ، א א אא .16א
א א א א (אא")א" א א א
א א א א אאא א א אא א .א
אא
א א אא .א
، א א א ، אא א ، .א
א"16 א א א א אא א א"،"א אא א א א
א א א א""א א א א א אא א א"א .א
א א
70
א אא א א אא א
א א.א א א.א
א א אא א א א א א
אא א א (א").א"
אא א.א א
א ، אא ،17א א א א.א
א، א א א
א א א א א.א
א א אא א א א אא א א א א .א
א17 א א א א אא א .א
א א
71
א א(א א)אא)א(א .א
א א אא .אא א א א .א
א .א/א.
א א א א א א אא א א א .א
، א א ، א אא .א
א אא
א א،.א
אא
א א א א א א א א אא א א א
א .א، א
א א .אא א א
א אא א .א
א א
72
א א ، א אא א א.א
א א א א א.אא ، א ،.
אא א א .א
א א אא א א א א .א
א א א אא א.אא
א אא א א
א א א א א אא אא .א
א א א א א א אא א א א א א א א א
א א א א .אא א א א א אא א א א א א
א .אא א א א
א .א
א א
73
א א א א
א א א א אא א א א א א א א א
.אא א א
א ، א א א א ، א א אא ، א אא א ،
א .א، א א ،א א א א
א א .אא ، א א א א א א א، א א א א ، א א א
א .18א
א א א א א אא ، א א ، א א א
א א א א א .א
א"18 א א א א א א א
א א""/א א א א א א א אא א"،"א אא א א א א א
א""א א א א"א .א
א א
74
א אא
א א א א א.
، ، א א אא א ، א ،.
א א، א א א א
א.א אא ،.
א א אא א אא א א
، א ، א אא א ").א"(א
א א א אא א א א .א
א אא א א א .א
א א א א .אא
אא א אא ، ،א א אא א א .א
א א
75
א א אא א ،א א
א א א א א א.א
א א(א א)אא א.א)א(א א
א ، א א א .אא א א א .א
א א א א א א אא אא א א ،.
א א א א אא א א א א ، .א
א א אא א ،א א
א א א א א א א א.א
א א א אא א א א א אא
.אא א א .א
א א .אא .א
א א
76
א א א אא א א ، א א א א
.א.אא א א
، א א .אא א א א
א א א א א .אא א א ،(א ، א
، א...)א א אא.
אא ، א
، א א ، א אא א א א א אא א
א .אא א אא א א א א א א א א א א
א א א א א .אאא א א א א א
א ، א א א א א אא .א
77
אא א
א אא،א
1 א،9 אאא ،אאא
.אאא،אאא()(א،אאאא،)א
אא)1)((11−1א :אא א−1
אאאאאאא •אאאא ؛א א
א(אאא • )אא؛אאא א
א)1(א • )2(אא،אא)א(א אא
א .אא א−2
אאאאאא אאאאאאאאא.אאאאא
א19 א א א א
78
א−3אאאא
א אאאא אאאאא،אאא
.א10אאאא−4
، ،אאאא א .אא
א−5 אאאאאאא، אאא אאא אא אא
אא ،אאא ،אאאא א2.אאאא 0
אא−6،אאאאאאא
אא .אאאאאא
א20 אא .א
א
79
א
א א א אא א א ، א ،א א א א א א א א א א
אא ، .אא א א א .א
، א א א א אא ، א א א אא
א .אא
א אא א ، א א א א
א א א א א ، .אא א א א
א)( אא .א
א)( א א .אא)( א א א/א
)(.א אא
א)( א א ، א א א א .אא)( א
א .א
א
80
א)( א א .א.אא)(א)( א א א א א א
.אא)( ، א א א
.א)( אא א/א
)(.אאאא
אאא אאאא אא −1 אא1−1 א א
א א ، א א א :א؛ −1 א א א؛ −2 א
א −3 ؛א א
א −4 א אא ، א)(א (אא) .א
א
81
א1−2 א א א"א אא"" א "א
א א א א א א אא א א א א .א
.אא
، א /אא א א א א ، .א
א א/א א א א א אא א אא א א א
א א א א.א א א.א
א−2א2−1 אא א
א א א א א ، אא א א א א א א
א א א ، א :אא/א−1
א א ،(א א א ، א א אא ؛)א
؛−2 א אא−3 א א א אא א
؛ א
א
82
4−، א א א א אא א א ؛/א א א
5−، א א50אא ،א .א
א א א א אא"א""" א ،:א)(א−1 א א א א אא
؛א−2 א א א א
א א א(א ، א ، א א؛)
א−3 א א א א א؛ א א א א א א א
א−4 א א א.
א2−2 אא א א א א אא א א ، א א א א א
:אא−1 א/א א
؛ א א
א
83
א−2 א א /15אא א ؛15א
א−3 א א א"א א א אא א ؛"א
؛−4 א א אאא−5 א
؛ א א א א אא−6 א
؛ אא−7 א א אא א א
.אא2−3
א א א אא א א א ، א א א :א
؛−1 אא−2 א א א אא א א
؛؛−3 א א א א א4−، א ، א א
א א א .א:
א אא א א א א א אא א א א ، א :א
א
84
אא−1 א אא א .א
א−2 א א א אא א א א ،.א א
א א א א אא א אא א א א א
א א א א.אא ، א א א א
א אא א .אא−3 א א א
א א א ، א ، א א אא א א ، אא א א א א .אא א א א א
، א א א א אא א א א אא א א
א א .אא−4 א א א א א
א ، א א א א אא א
א. א אא א א א א א
א א א א א .אא א א א א א
א א א א ، א אא א א .א
א
85
א−5 א א א א א אא א א א.א
א א א אא .אא א א א א
א א א א.א אא א ، א א א א
א א א א א אא .א
א−6 א א א אא א א ،.א א
א א א א אא א.א
אאא א
86
א א אא א א א א א א
א א/א א א
א אאא א א א א
.אא א א א א א
א א א א א א א אאא .א
א א א א−א א (אא א א א א א)א
א א ، א א אא .א
א א א אא ، א א א אא א א .א
א א א א אא א .א
א א א א א א אאא .א
אא א א
87
א א א א אא א א א א א
א א א א א אא א א א .א
א א א א א א א א .אא א
א א אא)( א(א )א،:א א א א א
א א אא א .אא:א ، ، א א
א א א ، א .אא)( א א(א )אא:א א א א אא א
א א.א א ).א(אא א א א .א
א:א .אא)( א א )אא(אא:א א א א
א א א א א ، א א א א א אא א א א .א
.א:א
אא א א
88
א(א)( א )אא:א א א א א א א
א א א א א אא .אא:א א ، א א א
א .אא א א א
א)( א א א.א
א)( א אאא א ، :א
א)1( .א.א)2(א)3( א א א א א א ؛ א
א א א(א א א א א ).אאא)4( א .א.א)5(א)6( א אא א .אא)7( .א
)(، א א א אא א אא א א .א
אא א א
89
א)( א א א אא א .א
א)( א אא א א .א
א א א א א א אא ، א א א א א
א א א א א א א א.אא א אא א א א א א )(א
א א א ، א א א א ،.א א א א א א
، א א א א א אא א א/א א א א א א.א
א א א א א א א .אא א א א א ،:
א−1 א(א، א א א א א א א
؛ א א א א אא−2 א א א ISO/IECא
א::17025 א א א ؛1999אא א :א−، ، א א א−، א א ،א−، א א א א א א א−، א .א
אא א א
90
א א א א אא א א א א א א
א ، א אא א ،.א א ، א
א א א א א א א אא א.א""א
א א ، א ، א א א א אא א א.א א
א א ،א אא.א א א
א א .אא א א א א
א אאא.א אא א א ، א א א
.א""א א א"א א"א ، א א א
אא א א א ، אא א אא א .א،(א • א א א
א א )אא • א
א(א • )אא(א • א א א ، א
"("
אא א א
91
א/א • א א
א •א א א א .אא א א א א
א א אא א א ، א
א א ، א א אא :א א •
א(א • א ، א א ، א ")א"
א •
א •
א • א ، א(א א א א)א א אא(א א א א א ،)א
א אא א א
א • א
א •
א •
א •א א א א א
א א ، א .א
אא א א
92
א א א א א א אא.א א א א
א ، א א א אא א א א.א
א א אא א א אא א .א
א א א א א ،.א
א אא א א א א ،א
א.א א א ، א.אא א א ، א א א א
א א )2000Thompson, Analyst, . M .125, א)386-385.
א א א אא:א א א א א א
א א א א א .א:
א :א؛]א[א •؛ • א א؛ • א אא • א א
אא א א
93
א א א א א א.
)א(א:אא .א
א א אא .א
א.א א אאא ، .א
א:א א א א א א א .א
، א ، אא א א .אא
א:א א א א א א א אא א א א .א
:א−1 .אא".א"א−2 א .אאא:א א א .א
:א א א א .א
א א א א.אא א א .אא
אא א א
94
א)(א אא א א א א א ، א
.אא:א א א א א א א א
.:
א א א א א.
א א אא.א א א א .א
א"אא" א אא.א א
א א.א א אא .א
א]:א[אא א ].א[אא א:א א א א א
א א א א א אא א אא .א
א:א א א א אא א א א א
א .א
אא א א
95
:א אא א
א א א א א א، א א א א"א
א" א א .א.אא א א א:]א[א א א
א א א א ].א[א:
א א א ]א[אא א ].א[א
א" ]א[אא""א א]א[א ”אאא ].א[א
א א:]א[א א א אא א א א
.א95אא]א[:א r [R]א
א א א אא א]א[א א ،
א .[r[R]=2.8 sr{sR]א[א
אא א א
96
א א א(א[ א] א א א)א..ISO 5725-6:1994,4.2.1 and 4.2.2א
א א א א:אא א א אא""א
.א:
א א א א ، א א א אא אא א.א א א
IUPAC-1987(Pure & Appl. Chem ., 66, 1903-1911 (1994))א
א א א .אא א א:א א א א א
אא אא א.א א א א .א
א א א א אאא א א א
א א ، א ، א א א א א א .א:
א א א א א א אא א א א אא
א)א( א א.א א אא א ، .א
א א א א אא אא א.א א א א א א
א א א א .א
אא א א
97
א א א א א א א אא .א
א א אא א א.אא א ، א א א
א א א א ، אא.א א א .א
א א א:)א(אא א אא א א א
א א.א אא א אא
א .א:
א א א א א א א א א אא א.א א א א א א א א
א א א–א א א –אא א א א ،.א א
א א א .אא א א א א א
א א א א.א א א אא א א א ، א א
א א .אא א א א א א
.אא א א:א א ")("א
א)( א ، .א
אא א א
98
:א א א א א א
א)א( א א א ،א א)(א א א ،.
א:א אא א א אא א .א
:، א א א א
א)א(א א אא אא א א .א
א:א א א )(אא א אS iא .א
:א א א א א אא א
א א א א1א אא א א א א א א
א א א א א א .אא א .א
א א qאcא
.אx،dx/dc dx/dqאא אciqiא
א אcqאSi.אא א .א
אא א א
99
א:א א אא א א א א א א א אא א
.א א
א3Q +:א א א ،א(א א א )א
א א א א (אא א א א)א א ،
א א א א ؛Q R =100%(א33%=Q R،50א א א).א
א א א ).אא:א .6103א
א א ، א א א א א25%=QR.א א א אא א
א א א א א .אא א:א א א א א
.אא:א )א(א
א .אא א א א א
א)א( .אא.א א א
א א .אא:א ، ،
א א .א
אא א א
100
א.אא א א א(א
).א1
א א א א א א אא א
א א א א אא א א א א
א א.א א אא אא א
א א א א א אא א א א .א
אא א א א
:א)(אאאא ،(א א א
א)א א.אא א3−14−2אא א
א א"((CAC/GL 50-2004)אא .")א
א)( :אא א ،א א א
א א א א א אא.א א א א3−33−4א א.א
אא א א
101
א)( א :אא א (א
א א).א א אא א.א א א א4−3א
א .אא)( א א :א
א א א אא א א א א א א
.א א א
א)( א א א א אא א אא א א א .א
א אאא א אא .אא)( א א1א א א א
א .א)(، א א א
א א א א ،، א ، א:
א)1( א א א א אא(
א א א א אאא א
א א א א ؛)אא)2( א א א
א א א א א א ، א א
אא א א
102
אא א.א
א)( א א א :א؛)1( א א א אא)2( א א א א
؛א)3( א א .אא
א)( א :אא)1( א א א
؛ אא)2( א א א .אא א
א)( א אאא א א א א .א
א)( א אא א א א א א א .א
אא)( א א ، א אא א א .א
א)( א א א א אא א א ، א א
אא א א א א אא א א א א א ، א א א
א א א .א
אא א א
103
א)( א א א אא א א א א א א א א
א א .אא א א א:א א א ، א
א א א א א א אא אא א א
א א א א אא א ،.א
א א א א ، א א א.א
א אא.א א ".א"א
א א א א ، "אא""،"א ،
א א ، ، א א א، א א.א א
א א .אאא א א א
.אא
א א א ،א א، א א א א א א א
א א א .א
אא א א
104
אא א א ، א
א ، א א א א אא א :א
א−1א אא א
)CAC/GL 50-2004(א א2−1−2، א א ،א :.א
، א א؛ א א
؛ א א א א א א
א א ، א א/א.אא
א−2 אא א א א
א א א.א א אא ، א .א
א−3א א א א
א א א ،.א א ، א
.א.אא
אא א א
105
א א ، אא ، א א
..א−4 א
א א א א א א אא .א
אא א א
106
א ،אאאא אאא אא אאאאא
אא אאאא אאא
אאאאאאאאאא .א
אאאאאאאאאאא.אאאאאאאאא
אא א .אאאאא אאאאאאאא
،א(א ،אא א).א
אאא
א אאאאאאאאאא ،אא א ،אא א א
אא אאא אא.אאאאא אאאאאא ،אא :אא
؛אאאא •א • אאאא אאא
؛אאאאאא א
؛אאאאא • א
אא א א
107
א/אא • ،א אאאאאא אאאא
א ؛)3א(אאאאא :אאאאאא •
o אאאא، אאא ،،א א؛אא
o א، אא3אאאא
אאא12אא؛،3א א
o א""،אאא א
،א אא אאאא אאאאאא
.אא • ،אאא אא
א א אאאאאאא،א אאאאאא3−1א .אאאאא
אאאא • .אאאא אאאאא אא
،אאאא אאאא .א
אא א א
108
אאא אאאאאאאא
אא א،אאאאאאא אאא אאא
א אאאאאאאאאאאא .אאא • אאאאא
אאאא، אאאאא،אאאאא .אאאאאא • ،אא
אאאאא אאאא .אאאאאא:אאא
אא •
o א אאא ،אא א"(אא
א،)""" .אo א .אאאא
אאאא •
o א אא אאאא)CAC/GL 36-1989(
אא א א
109
א • אאאא
o א(אאאא)אאאאא א .א
o א :אאאא אא
،.אאאא א
.א،אאאאאא
3אא)""""(א ،אאאא א
א אאא .3אאאא ،אא אאא،""(א אא"" ،).א א
א אאא אא .אאאאא
אא • אאאאא
o 3−2אאאאא .אאאאא
אא א א
110
א • אאאא
o אאא، א3−1א אאאא، .אא
א • אא
o אאאא .א
אא א א
111
א 3−2אאאאאאאא ؟אאאא אא3−2א ،אאאא א
א.אאא אאאאא אאאא אא.א، א.א،אאא
אאא אאאאאא،א אאאאא אא
א א.אאאאאא،אא .אאא
א ؟אאאא אאא אאאאאאא
אאא ،אאא אא א.אאא،אא
، אאאאאא .אאאאאאא
אאאא،אאאאא אא א
،אאאאאאא אאאא אא.אאאאא אאאאאא אאאאא.אא אאאאאא
،.אאאאאא אאא.א אאא
אא–א– .אא
אא א א
112
אאאא אאאא.אא
،אאא אאאאאאאאאא אא
،אא .אאאאאאאא א
א אאאא 3−2אאאא אא–א.אאאאא
א، .אאאאא؟א)""""( א
–)"""":(א אאאאאאא3אא، .אאאאא
א אא א3אאאא אא12אא .אאאאא
אאאאאאאאאא‘‘א .’’אא
אאאא– :אאאא אאאאאאא
12אא،אא אאאא.אאאאאאא אא"אאא א
.،"א
אא א א
113
אא "אאאאאאאאאא א12אאא אאאא
،א.א אאאאאאאאא12אאאא אאאא.א
א−1 אאאאא، אא אא אא
،،.א אאא אא אאא(אאא.(
א−2 ،אאאאאא .א
א،−3 אאאאאא ،.אאא
א א"אא"אא،אאאא .א
אאאא−4א، אאאאאאא3−13−2א אאא
אא.אא אא ،א אאאאאאאאא، אאאאאא אאא
אאא،א אאאאאא
אא א א
114
،אא.א א .אאאאא
،אאא−5 אאאא ،אא אא אא
אא ،אאאאאא אאאא אאא
א .אאאאאאאאאאא−6 ،א אאאאאאא אאאאא.א אאא
אאא אא.אאא،א אא
א12אא א.אאאאא :אאא • אאא
א אאאאא אאא ،אאאא אא א.אאאאאא
אא(אא ،)אאא אא(8אאא
.)8אאא • אאאא
א אאאאא אאא ،אאאא אאאא .אאאא
א אא،אאאאא ،אאא א א
אא א א
115
א א.אאאאאאא(אא א
אא) א(8אאא )8אאאא • ،אא אאא
א ،אאאא אא אאאאא אא ،א א
א אאא אא אאאאא(אאאא.א
א אאא)אאא ).8אאא(8אא
אא א א
116
Initiation of Work (Steps 1 and 2) Initial proposal includes: - Evaluation by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives - International Numbering System Number - Functional Effect(s) - Conditions of Use - Justification of Technological Need - Dietary Intake Assessment (as appropriate) - Justification that Use Does Not Mislead Consumer
Is the additive used in
standardized food?
Does the additive use meet criteria
in Section 3.2 of the
Preamble?
Has a non-numerical (“not specified” or “not limited”) acceptable
daily intake been assigned to the
additive?
Is the additive to be used in the
food categories in the Annex to
Table 3?
Refer to the appropriate
Codex commodity
committee for opinion on
technological need
Discontinue work
Include in Table 3
Consideration of conditions of use in
the specific food categories
Include in Tables 1 and 2
No
Yes
(The additive has a numerical acceptable
daily intake or is acceptable for limited
use)
Yes
Yes
Diagram of procedure for consideration of the entry and review of food additives in the Codex General Standard for Food Additives
Yes
No
No additional questions No
Does info meet criteria in section 3.2 of Preamble?
Yes No
No
)12א(אאא א :א
א− אאאאאא
؛ אא− א)א(−א− אאאא−א− א (א
( א− אא
א אאא
؟א א
א אאאאא−3אא
؟א2
)""""(
؟אא
א א א
א؟3א
א א
א.א
א א
3א
אא( א)א
12א
ال
نعم
א(אא )א
א ،אאאא אאא אא אאאאא
نعم
ال
ال
אא א א
3−2א؟ א
ال نعم
ال
א א
117
א א א א
א אא ، אא א א א א א א ،
.א א א א א ، א
، CX/GP/ 04/20/1, 2, 3א2004א
.، א2003א א ، א ،
א(א ).אא אא
א א ALINORMא
א CX/EXECא
אא
א
א CX/GPא
א CX/FACא
CX/CFא
CX/FHא
CX/FLא
א א CX/MASא
א CX/PRא
א א CX/RVDFא
אא א א א א א א אא
CX/FICS
א א
118
א א א א א א א CX/NFSDUא
א א CX/CPLא
א CX/CPCא
א CX/FOא
א א CX/FFPא
א CX/MMPא
א א CX/MHא
א א CX/NMWא
א א CX/PFVא
CX/Sא
א CX/VPא
א א CX/FFVא
א א א אא א א א
CX/AFRICA
CX/ASIA
CX/EURO
א א CX/LACא
CX/NEAא
א א CX/NASWPא
א א א א
א א CX/FBTא
א א CX/AMRא
א CX/OFFא
א א
119
א א א א אא
א( )א
א א CX/IEא
א CX/SBאא
א א א א אא א
CX/PMPP
א א א א א CX/FACא
א א א א א א CX/AFא
א א א א אאא
CX/FJ
א א א א א א אא א א א
CX/TO
א א א א א א אא א א א
CX/FJ
א א א א א א אא א א
.א
CX/QFF
א א
120
א א א
א א א א א אא א אא אא א א.א א א א
א א א א א א .אא א א א א אא א א
.אא א א
אא
א א א אא
אא אא א א
אא א א
אא א א
א א אא א ، .אא א א א א א א א א א א
א ، א.א א א א א.א
א א
121
אא א א א א א א א
א א א א א .אא א א ، א א א א
א .אא
א א א א א אא א א .א
א א א אא .א
א א א אא א א א א א
، א ، ،א א אא א .א
א א א א .א، א א א א א
א א א א א א א אא אא ، א.א א א
א א ، א א א א אא .א
אא אאאאאאא אא
،אא :אאאא[" 12א]אאאא ]אא[xxxאאאאאאא3אא ،אאאא א
א ."אאאאא
א א
122
אא אאאא، ،،א אאא אא.אאאאאאאאא ،א אאא אא/אא אאא،אא
، א،א אאאא،אאאאאא :אאא
.....אאאאאאאאאא"،א א א]א[אא אאא."אא
:אא،א" ،אאא (אאאאא)א/א ."א
.אאאאאאאאאאא"א -CODEX/STAN193(אאאאא
אאא)1995 אאאאאא "א
א אא א א .אא א א א א א א
א א א א א.א א אא ،.א א א א
א א
123
א א א א א א אא.א א :א
א" א א א א א אא]א[א א א א ".א
א א אא ، א א אא ،
א א ، א ، ، א א אא א א א.א א
א אS..I.א א א אא ، א S.I.א
א א א א א א א אא א א .א
אא א א אא א
א א א א א ، ، א אא א א א א.א א אא א א א א.א
אא א א א א א ، א ، אא. :א
א" א א א א )א(אא א א ".אא
א א אא ، א אא א א א ، א א א
א א אא א א א א.א، א א א א
א א
124
אא א א אא. א :אא" א א א )א(אא
א א א א א א .21"א
א21 א ""א "" "א"" .א""
א א
125
א א א א א
א א א א אא א א .א
، א ، א ، א אא א א א א א ، א ، א א א
، א א א א א א א א א א ، אא א א א
א א .א، א ، א א א א א
א ، א א אא א אא א.א א ، א א א
، א א א .אא א א א אאא א א א א א א ، א
א א א ،.א א א אא א א אא א.א א
، א ،، אא א א אא א ، א א א
א א345א א א אא א א א א א א ،
א א .אא א א א א א א
א א א א א א א א אאא א/א ، א א א א
א א א א ، א א.א
א א
126
אא א א אא א
א א ،(CODEX STAN 1-1985)אא א א א א א א א
א א .אא א :א
א • א א א(CODEX STAN 1-1985)א
א • א אא • א(א א −4א
א7−1 א )א، א א א א
א א א א א .אא :א
2.…א" אא.2 א אא ، א א א ، א ، א א
2א 3.
א א א א ، אא א א א
".א
א22 א .אאא23 ،.א א א
א א א א .א
א א
127
א4−7א(א א )אא ، א ، א
א א ، א א א.אא
א א א א א ، .אא
אאאא אאאאאאאאאאאאא אאא.אא אאאא
א.א אאאאאאאאאאאאאאא .אא
א א א א אא אא אא .א
אאאאאאא אאאאא،אא אא אאאאא אאא.א
אאאאא אא אאאאא ،א .3אאא
(אאאאאא)א אאאא אאאא
אאאא، אא،7אאאאאא
אא אא אאא א .א
אאאאאאאאאאאאאאאא
א א
128
אאא אאאאאאאא אאאא א
،،)אאאא( אאא، ،אא אא א
אאאא .אאאא، א
، א א ،אאא אא אא א א א א א א א
א א א א אא אא، א ،א א א א .א
א א א א א א ،3אא"א א א
א א א א א ، א א ".אא א א א ،
א ، א א א א אא א אא א א א .א
א א א ،אאא.א א א אא
א א אא .א
א، אאאאא אאאאא
אא .אאא
א א
129
אאאאאאא
.א
א א א א א א :אא • א א א
א א א א א–א אא(CAC/RCP 1-1969,Rev 4-2003)א א
א א א א א .אא •
אא .(CAC/GL 21-1997)אא א א
א א، א א א א א אא א א א א ، אא א א א א א ،
א4א אא א.א ، ، א
א א א ،אא א א(א א )א
א א א א ، .א، ، אא א א א
، א א אא)(א ، א א א א א ، אא"( א")א א א،.א
א א
130
א א.א א א אא ، א א א ، א .א
א ، א א،4אא א א א א א :א
א • א א א א א א؛
؛ • א א אא • א א א א(א ؛)אא • א א ، א ، א
א א(א א ؛)א• .
א א א אא א אא א א.א א
א א א א א א א .א، אאא א א א
א א א אאא .אאאא א א א א א
א א א.א אא א א א א א
א א א.אא א א א א א א א
א א א ، .אאאא، א א א
א א .א
א א
131
א א א א אאא א א א א
، א אא א א אא א .א
א א אא א א א א א א
، א א א א אאאא א א א.א א
א א א א א א א .אא א א א
א א א אאא א אא אא.א א א
א א א א א א .אא א א א
א א א אא א א ،א אא
א א א א345א אא א א א א א
א א.א א אא א א אא אאא א א א
א א.א א א א אאא א א א אא א א
، א א אאא א א א א.
א א א
132
א א א א
א א אאא .א
א :א؛−1 א א א א؛−2 א א א א אא−3 א(א א א א
א א א)אא א א؛ א א א
א−4 א א א א؛/א א
א –5 א .אאא א א א א א א אא א א א א א א
א א א א א א א ؛א א؛−6 א א א א אא−7 א א א א א
؛ א א؛−8 א א אאא−9 .א
א
133
א אא אאאאא א אאאא
אאא
א א א א א
א א א א א א
א א א א א .א
אא
א ، א א א א אא א.א א
א ، א א .2003אאא2005 א א א א
אא א א אא א א אא
א א אא .אא א א א א א א
.אא2007א א א א
א א א ، א אאא אא א א א
א א .א
א
134
א אא א א
אא−1 א אא .אא−2 א א א א
א א א א א א א א אא א א א א א א א
א א .אאא−3 א א )א(א
א א א א א א א א א א אא א א א ؛ אא)א(א
א א א א א א .אא–א א א
א−4 א א א :א ؛ • ؛ •אאא • א א א
א א א א א אא אא ؛24א
א • א א א אא .א
א24 א:א א א .א
א
135
אא−5 א אא א א(א א א א
א)א א א א א25א ؛א א .א
א−6 א אא. א א א26א א
.אאא−7 א א אא
א .אאאא−8 א א א א
א .א9−، א א א א
א א אאא אא א א.א
א א א א א.א
אא−10 א אא א ، א
א א א ،א .א
א.אא−11 אא א א א א .א
.אאאא2526، א א א"א א ،""א א
א א א א ، ، א א א ، א ، א ، אא א (א א"" .)"א
א
136
א א א א א א א אא. א א א א אא א
א א א ، א א אא א א א א א .א
א−12 א א אאא א א .א
אא−13 א א א
א .אא−14 א א
، אא א א א א.אא א א א א
.א−15 א א א
א .א16−، א ، א א א
א א א א א א א .א27א
א−17 א א אא.אא א א א
.א
א27 אא אא ،:
א א א .א
א
137
א−18 א א א א א אא א ، א.א א
،א א אא.א א א א
א.א א א א א א، אא א א א .א
אא−19،א א א א ،א א
א א ، .אא−20 א א א .א
א א א א.אא א .א
א−21 א א אאא ، א א א א א א אא א א א א א .א
א−22 א א א، אא א א א ،.
א א א א א א א א،.א א א א א א א א
א א א אא א א א אא א.א א
א א א א ؛ א .אא−23 א א א אא א
א .א، א א א א א
א א .א
א
138
אא−24 ، א אא א א.א א
א ،.א א ، א אא א ، א א א(א א)א /א
.א25−، א א א א
א.א ،.א ، אא א א אא .א
26−، א א אא א א ، א ، א
א א א א א א א .אאא
א−27 א א א א، א א
א א א א א א א א א .אא א
.א−28 א א א א
א28 א א א א א ، א א א ،.، א א א אא א ، א ، א
א א א א א א
א28 א א א א א:א
؛ א א א א א ؛ א ؛ אא א ؛ א א ؛ א א .א
א
139
א، א א א א א א2א 9.
א−29 א אא א ، אא א א א ، א א، א א א א א א א א א א א
א א א،אא א א א.10א
א−30 א א ، א א אא א א א א א א ،
א א א א א א א אאא א א .א
א−31 .א، א א א א א א א א
א، א א א א א א אא א א א .א
א−32 א א א אא א א א א אא א .א
א−33 א א א אא א.א א א
.אא−34 א א א אא א
א א א .אא א ، א א א א א א ، א
א.א ، א א א א א א
א:א29 א א .א
א
140
א ، אא א א א א א א א א א א
א א .אא−35 א אא א א א א א
א.א א א א אא ، א .א
א א א אא א .א
א−36 א א א אא א א א א א א א.א א א א
א א א א אאא א א א .א
א אא−37 א :א
א)1( א א؛ א
א)2( א א/אא א؛ א א
؛)3( א א א א א؛)4( א؛)5( א אא)6( א א א א א א
؛א א؛)7( א א א א א
א
141
א)8( א א א א א.א
א−38 א אא( א א אא א א א )א
א(א א א א)א אא א א א א .א
א−39 א .אא א א א א א א
א א א .אא−40 א א א א א
א ، א .אאא א א
א א א ، א א א .אא א א א א א
א ).25א(אאא−41 א א א
א א א א.אא א א אא א א
א א א(א ).6א
א
142
א א א א א אאא
א−1אא)1( א
א א א א אא אא א א א א א א א
א א א.אא ، א א אא
א ، א א א.א
א)2( אא אא א .א
א−2א א א/א אאא א א א .א
א)3( א א/א א אא א א א א א
א .אאאא)4( א א/א א
אא א א א א א אא א
א)5( א אא/אאא א א א א א
، א אא ، .א
א
143
א א א ،א אא א א א א ، א ، .א
)6(، א א א אא אא/א א אא ،
א א א א א אא.א א א/א אאא א א א .א
א א אא א אא א א א א
א א .אא−3א א א/א א אא)7( א אא/א ،א
א א א א ، א אא א .א
א)8( א א/א א א، א א אא א א
א א ، א א א30א ،א א א .א
א)9( א א א א אא א אא/א אא
א، /א
א30 א א (א :1(
א، א א א א א، אאא)2(א ،אא א א א א
א)3( א א א א א (אא א א א א ).א
א
144
א א אאא א א א א א א
.אאא)10( א א/א א א
א א א אא א א א א א א א
א א .אאא)11( א א/א א א
א א א א אא א א א א א
א א אא א א א א.א
א)12( א א/א א אא א א א א א א
א א אא א אא א א א א א א א
א א אא א א אא א .א
א)13( א אא/א אא א א א א א
א א א א א א .אאא)14( א א/א א א
א א א א )1(א، א א א א א)2(א א
א א א .א
א
145
אא)15( א א/א אאא א)1(א א א א
א)2(א ، א א א א א
א א/אא.א אאא א א א א א א
א א א .אא)16( א א/א א א
א אא א א א אא א א א א א
א א א א א א א.א
א/אא)17( א ،אא א א א א א
א א א א א ،א א א ، א א א
، א א א א א ، אא ، א א
אא א/א א.א
א/אא)18( א ،א، א א א א אא א
א א אא א א אא א אא ،، א א .א
א
146
אא)19( א א/א אאא א אא א א
א א א אא א א א
א א א א א א.א
א)20( א/אא א אא א א א אא א
:אא− א א א א
؛ א
אא− א א/א א ؛א؛− א א א א
א− א א א א א א א ؛א
−، א א א א א؛א א א א
؛− א א א
؛− א א א א
א− א א(א א ؛)א؛− א א א א א
א− .אא
א
147
א)21( א/א א ،א، א א א א
א א .אא)22( א/א א א
א א א אא א א א א א א א א
א .אא)23( א/אא א א
א א א א אא א א/א א א
א א א א אא א.א א/א
א אא א אא א א א א א
אא א/א א.א
א−4א א א א א א אא א א א א
א)24( א ، א א ، א א אאא אא א א/א א
אא א ، א א א א ،.)25(، א א א א א א א
א א אא א .אא)26( א אא א
א/א א אא א אא א א א א
א
148
א א א א א ، א אאא א/א א .א
א א א ، א אא א א.אא א
א ، א א ، אא א.א א א ،
א א א א אא.א
א)27( א אא אא/א א אא
א א א א א א א،
א)28( א אא א א/אא אא
א א א אא א א א א ، א ،
א( א א ، ).אא)29( א אא א
א/א א אאא אא א א .א
א)30( א א אא א א א ،.
א אא .אא)31( א א א א
א .א
א
149
א)32( א א א אא א א א ، אא
א א .אא)33( א אא א
א א אא א א א אא
א ، א ، אא א א א א אאא
.אא)34( א אא א א/א
אאא א.، א ، א א א
א א א/א אאא א א א .א
א)35( א א/אאאאאאא א א א
א א א א א ، .אא)36( א א א אא
א/א א אא ،א א א א .א
א א אאא א א א א .א
، א א א א א א א א אא א א
אא א א א אאאאא .אא
א
150
)37(، א א א אא א אא א א/א
א אא אא/א א אא א אא.א א א ، א
، א ، אא א א، א א א א
א א ،.، א אא א ، .א
א א א ، א אא א א א ، א ، א א א
א .א)38(، א א א א
א א א א א אא א א א א .א
א
151
א א א אאאא אא
−1אאא−1 א א
א.א א א א אא"1−3−2אאא אאא א א .א
א".א אא א א א
.א−2 אא א
א א א א א א א .אא א א א
، א א א א(אאא א )א
א א א א אא.א א
א א א א א א .אאא−3 א א א א א א
א א א א א א אא אא אא
א א א אא א א אא .א
א−4 א א א אא א א א א א א א
א
152
א א א א א אאא א א א א.א א א
א א א א א א א אא א א א א
א א אא.אאאא א א א א א א
א .אא−2א א /אאא
אא−5 א א א א א א
א א א א א א א א א אא א א/א א א
אא א א א אא א א.א א
א(א א א א א א א אא). א א
א א א א א א א אא א א א א א
א א א.א
א−6 א א א א א א א אא א/א א.א
א א א אא/א אאא אא .א
א א א א א א א א אא א א א א א/א א א
אא .א
א
153
א−7 א א א ، א אא א א א א א א א
א א א א/א א א אא א א אא א .א
א−8 א א א א א א אאא א א א אאא א א א אא/א א
אא א אא א א א א א א א
א א א א א א א א א، א .אא
א/א−3א א אא א א
א−9 א א א א א אא א א א א א ،א א א
א/א א אא א א אא א
א .אא−10 א א אא א
א/א א א א א אא. א (א
/א)אאאא א א אא(א אאא א א)א א א
.א
א
154
:אא−11א)( א א א א
א31א10א (אא אא)א א א
؛א/א א א،א)( א א א א
א5א א א(אאא)א א א א/א
؛ א א،
א)( א א אא ، א5א
א א(א א)אא א/א א א א.א
.אא−4א א/א
א( א2א א )אא−12 א א א א א א
א א א א א א א אא א/א א
אא א א א א אאא א א א.אא
א א א אא א א
311/10.
א
155
א א א א א א אאא/א ، א .א
א−13 א א א א א אא א ، א א ، א א א א א
.אא א א(א א
א). א אא א א א א א א אאא א .א
א−14 א א א א، א אא א א
א א א א א ،א א א אא א א ، א(א א )א
א/א /א.א
א−5א א א א אא(א/א א2א א ،(
א−15 א א א א א א אאאא א א א
א א אא א א אא א א א
א א.א א א אאא א א א א א
.א−16 א א אא א א א
א א.א א א ،
א
156
אאא א א אא א א אא א א א א
א א א א א .אא א א א א
א א א א א אא א א א א א א א .א
א
157
אאא אא אא
אאא−1 א،א ،אאאא אאאאא אאאא א
אאאאאאאא אאאא.א
אא .אאא אא אאאאא אאאא אאאא אאאאא
אא−2 ،א א אאאאאא אא ،א א א
אאאאא אאאא .א
א−3 אא אאאאא אאאא אאא.אאא
א−4 אא אאאאא אאאא אאא א א.אא
א−5 אא אאאאא אאאא א
א
158
،،א3אאאא، 2.
אאאא−6 אאאא אא אא אאאאאאאא
.אאא−7 אא א
אאאאאא אאאא א.אאאאאאאא
.אאאאאא אא א
א−8 א א אאאאאאא .א
א−9 אא ،אא א،אאא א א
،א ،אא ،אא ،אא אאא.אא
אאאאאא−10 אאאא ،א אאאאא אאא אא
אא32 אאא؛אא ،אאאא א
170,202,ISPN92-5-104759-6
א
159
א، אא אאא אאאאאאא
.אאאא−11 אא ،א אא א
،אאא א אאאאא.אא
א−12 אא אאא.אאאא
א−13 אא אאאא،אאא/א
א/אאא.אאא،אא.אא א
.אאא−14 אא ،א
א ،אא،אאאאא א
.א−15 אא אא:אאאאא
אא • אא ؛אאאאאא • אא
אא ؛אאא • אאא ؛א ؛א • ؛אאא •
א
160
אא • אא، ؛אא
؛אא •אאאאא •
אאאא אאאא ؛אא • .אאאאא
א−16 א א אא، אא
.אאא−17 א אא
، ،אאא אאאאאאאאא .א
א−18 אא אאא.אאאאא
אאאא אאאא א
אאאא−19 אאאא אאאא אאא א
אאאאא אאא.א אאאא
، ،אאא אאאאא .א
א
161
،אאאא−20 אאאא א א .א
אאאא−21 אאאאאאאא א
א אאא אאאא .אאאאאאאאא א
א/א אאאא.אאא،
אאא−22 א א אאאאא
،א א אא אאאאאאא.אאא אא
،אא .אאאאאאא−23 א א א
אאא،،،א אא
).א(אאא.אאאא−24
،، אא ،אאא ،/אאא.אא א
א אא.אאאאאא.אאא/א
، אאא.א
אאא−25 אאאא אאא א אא
א
162
.، אאאא א .אאא
אאאאא−26א .אאאאאאא:א א
א אאאאאאאאא−1
א א ،אא ،אא אאאאאאאא
א אאאא .אאאא/אאא אאאא אאאא
א−2 א א אא אאאאאאא אאאא 3א 3.
،אאאא−3 :אאאא − ؛אא .א −
،אאאאאאא−4 אא אאאא،،א:
אאא33אא ،אא אא .א
א
163
، (אא)(א .אא)
،אא−5 א:אאא/אאא−1
،א(אאא א אא، ؛)אאא
؛אאאאא−2א−3 ،אאאא א
؛ א
אא−4 אא،/א א؛א/א א
،אאא−5 א50٪אאא ،אא .א
אאאאא−6אא ،אא :אאאא
אאא/אא −1؛ א
א −2 /15אאאא ؛אאא
אאאאא −3 אא ؛א–
؛אא −4 א
א
164
אא −5 א א אאאאאא ؛
אאאא −6؛ א
.אא −7אאאאא−7 א:א،אא
،אאאא − א،
.אאא −א א3אאאא .אא
،אאא א
אאאא −אאא.אא
אאא.א אאא.אאאאאא
אאאא.אאאא
.א
אאאאאא אאאאאא−8
א ،א
א
165
،אאא א אא، א.אאאאאאאאא.אאאאא
א،אא−9אאא )אא(אא.א
אאא .אא ،אאאאא א
אאאאא .אאאאאא
،א א)אא(אא.אאא
אאאאא−10 אא،אא א אאאאאאאא אאאא אאאא אאאאאא
، ،אאא אאאא.אאאאא
אא−11 א א אאאא
.אאא א
אא−12 א א אא אאאא
אאאא .אאא
א
166
אאא אאאאא−13 אא"א"א א
، :א"אא"אאאא)(א •
אאא א–א–אא ."א"א
،אא • א"3LogPowאא ."א
،אא−14 אאא.אאא:אא
،א אאאאאאאאא
.אאא
א−15 א א אאאאא אא.אאא
אא אאאאאאאאאא (א(א (1997(3 א4
אאאאאאאאא .א
،אאאא אא
،אא34 א WHO/FSF/FOS/97.7א
א
167
،אאאאאאאאא .א
،אאא−16א8אאא אאא،אא.א אאא.אאאאאאא .אא
אאאא−17אאא،،אאאאא1999.א אאאאאאאאאא.א אאאאאאא
، אאאא.אא אאאא אאאאאא.אאאאא
אא،אאא−18.אאא،8אא
6א−19، אא א א אאאאאא ،א א
، א .א،א−20 .אאא
،אא .אאאאא−21 אאאא،א א.אאאאא
א .אאאאאא
א
168
א אא5/8אאאאאא−22 א 5/8אאא
3אאאא −
אאא − אאא /א
אאא −
א−23 אא،67אא(5/8אא)8אא
אאאא −
،אאאא −אאאא
،א ،3אאאאאא א א .א
אאאאא − א א אאא،אאאאאאאאאא،
.5/8א،אאא − אאא
،5א א א א אא،אאאא .5/8אאא
א − אא א א א א אא א.א א א א ,א
א
169
א א א א א א א א .8א
אאא
אאאא−24 אאאא( אא א)אא אא אא א
אא.אאאאא אא ،א
،، .אאא−25 אאאא
، אאאא،א א אאאא
.אאאאאא−26 (אא)אאאאא.אא
א 3א 5.אאאאאא−27
אא אאא א א .א
א،אא−28 א א א،אאא ،א.אאאא
א35 אאאא،אאא؛א -ISPN.92-5-1047،170،2002א
59-6.
א
170
א−29 א א אאאאאאאאא
، אאאאא.אא אא אא
אאא−30 אא ،א אאא، א אאאאאא
א א א אאא.אאאאאא ،א אא
.אא.אאאא
אא.،−31אא.אאא،א/ אאאאא א.א
אא−32 א א אא،א،)t=0.(א אאאא
).t=0+1 year(אא،א−33 אאא אאאאא.אא
، אא א א א.א
א
171
אאא.אאאא−34
אאאאא.אא.אאא
אאא−35א، א א אאא
.א
א
172
אאאאאאא
א–א−1אאאא−1.אאאאא
א−2 אא،אאאא−2 א א
א אאאא.אאאאאא ،א א،אאאא א
אא אאאא א.אאאאאא
،אאאא−3 א،אא :א
؛אאאא ) أ( א
؛אאא ) ب( א
؛א)( אאאאאא)(
.אאאאאא−4،אאא א אאאאאא אאאאאא.א
א
173
אאאאא−5.אאאאאא
אאאא−6 אאאא،אא ،א א
אאאאאאא אאאאאאא.אאא.אאאא
אא אאאא.א
אא−7 אאאאאא אאאאאא
، א ،א ،א אאאאאא، ،אא אא
אא .אאאאא−3
אאא،א−8 :،א
؛אא −؛אא − א
אא − א .אאא−9 א ،א ،א א
، אא אאאאאא
א
174
אאא،א אאא3אא 6.
אאאא3−1:אאאא−10
؛אא − א
؛ − א
؛א − א
؛אא − א
؛א − א
.אא −אאא3−1−1
،אאא−11 א،אא א אאאאאאאאאא אאא
.אאאאא3−1−2
،אאאא−12 א، /אאאאא
אא.אא.א
אאאא36 אאא א،אאא אא אאא .א
א
175
אאאאאא−13:אא،،،אא
؛א − א
؛א −א/אאא −
؛ א
א − ؛אא − אאא
אאאאאא−14אאא:אאאא،39א–אא:אא–אאא
א אאא.אא
אא3−1−3.אא)א(א−15אא )א(אאאא
،)א(אאא.א אאאא .אא
אאאאאא−16אאאאאאא
.אאאא3−1−4
אאאאא−17אאא אא
א
176
אאא)(אאא אאאא אאאאאאאאאאא.אאא ،א אאאאא.אא/אאאא
.אאאאאאאאאא−18
א א،אא אאאאא אא ،אאא אא א.אאא
א3−1−5אאא−19 אאא
אאאאאא،א אאא אאאא אא
א.אא אא אאאאאא אאא
،א .אאאא/אאאאא3−1−6
אא−20 ،אא אאא.אאאאאאאא ،אא אא
אא .אאא،א−21 אא
،אאא، א
א
177
א 3א אא.7 אאא א/، א
א ،אאא.אאאא
אאא−22 אאאאאאאאאאא
،،א.א א.
א−23 ،א א،אאא،.אא אאאאא
אאאאאאאאא.א.אא
אאאאא−24א .אא
א−25 (אאא(، .א
).א(אאאאאאאא3−2
אאאאא−26אא ،אאאא
א אאאאאאאאא.א ،אא אאא
א11א،)אאאא(37
Alinorm 01/31א א אאא .א
א
178
אא א.אא אאאא3אאאאאאא 8
.אאאאאאאאא−27אאא א،אא
א ،אא א،א א.אאאאא
.אאאאאא−28א3−3 אא א אא
אאאאאא−29א ،א.א אא .אאאאאאא، א אא
אאאאא)CAC/GL16-1993(.
אאאאא−30א אאאאא א אא،אאא.
אאא−31אאא.אאאאא
א אאאא.אאאא אאאא
.
.ALINORM 01/31א11א38
א
179
אאאא−4،אאאא−32 א א،אאאא אא א
، ،אאאא.אאא
.אאאאא−33 אאאא אאאאאאאאא .אאאא
א
180
אאאאא
אאאאא
א)א(א−1אא−2אא−3אא−4אא−5אאאא
)א(אאא−6אאא−7 אאאאאא−8א−9 אאא
אאאא−10אאא
אאא−11א−12
א
181
3אא 9
א−13 אאאאא/אאא−14
אא−15 ،(א ،א ،א אא، )אא
אאאאאא−16 אאאא אאאאאאא
،אאא39 אא)א(אא،א אאאאאאאאאא אאאא א
.אאאאאא
א
182
אאא:אאאא אאאא א
אאאאאאא−1 אאאא אאאאאאאאאא
אא אאאאאאא، אאאאא
.אאאאא−2 אאא
א אאאאאאאא، א אאאאא
.אאאאא )( אאאא א
אאאאאאאאאאא
אא،א א אא .אאא
א אאאא אאאאאא .אאא
א )( אאאאאא .א
א
183
،אאא א א .אאא)( אאאא
אא .אאאא)( אאאא
אאאאאאא
،–אאא–א
).א(.אאא)(،אאא)( א
א אאאאאא אאאא
א .אאאאא)(،א אא .אאא
אאאאאא،אאאא
.אאאאא
،אאא−3 אא .אאאא
א
184
.אאאא.אאאאאאאא
אאאא−4 אא،א( ،אא ،א א)אא
אאאא)אאא(.אאאאא
אאאאא،−5אאאאאא، א
אאאאאאאא،.א אאא
אאאאא.אאא
אאא−6א،אא אא.א
א א א
185
א א אא אא א א
א אא א א א א
א א א א .אא א א א
א א11−1א א (.אא א א)א א א
א א א.א.אא א א א .א
אא א (אא).2007א/ א א
א א א א א אא ، א א :א
net.codexalimentarius.www://http
א א
186
א א א א)CX-701(40
אא3/1963–א/25،א
1964א/7–/28،א
1965א/19−28،א
א 1966א/7−14،א
1968א/1–/א20،א
1969א/4−14،א
1970/א7−17،א
9/1971–א/30،א
1972א/6−17،א
1−11/1974،א
1976/א9–א/29،א
1978/א17−28،א
1979א/3−14،א
א 10/1981–א/29،א
4−15/1983،א
1−12/1985،א
10/1987–א/29،א
3−12/1989،א
1−10/1991،א
א40 א א א א א .א
א א
187
7/1993–א/28،א
א 3−8/1995،א
א 1997א/23−28،א
א 3/1999–א/28،א
א א 2−7/2001،א
20034/א13−15،אא 1
א 7/2003–א/30،א
א 3/2004–א/28،א
א 4−9/2005،א
א 3−7/2006،א
41.
א א א
188
א א א א א א)CX-702(
אא3/1963،א
،א 25−26/1964א
25−26/1964،א
א 1964א/7،א
1965א/3−4،א
1965א/18،א
1965א/28،א
1966א/14−16،א
1966א/4،א
16−18/1967،א
1968/א19،א
1968א/5−7،א
1969א/3،א
א 17−19/1969،א
1970/א3،א
1971/א9−11،א
1971א/25،א
15−18/1972،א
3−5/1973،א
1974א/28،א
א 1975א/17−19،א
א א א
189
א 1976א/23−24،א
א 12−15/1977،א
א א 1978/א13−14،א
א 10−13/1979،א
א 1979א/26−27،א
א 1980א/13−17،א
א 1981א/25−26،א
א 12−16/1982،א
،א 1/1983–א/30،
א 1984א/25−29،א
א 1985א/27−28،א
א 4/1986–א/30،א
א א 1987א/26−26،א
א 4−8/1988،א
א 1989א/29−30،א
א 3−6/1990،א
א 1991א/27−28،א
א 3/1992–א/−3،א
1993א/24−25،א
א 1994א/28−30،א
א 1995א/28−30،א
א 1996א/4−7،א
א א 1997א/19−20،א
א 1998א/3−5،א
א 1999א/24−25،א
א א א
190
א 2000א/28−30،א
א 2001א/28−29،א
א 26−27/200142،א
2002א/26−28،א
א 20034/א10−11،א 3
א 2003א/26−27،א
א 2004/א4−6،א
א א 2004א/24−26،א
א 2005/א9−11،א
א 2/2005−א/30،א
א 2005א/6−9،א
א אא א
1/2006−א/28،
،2−7/2007
42. 43.
א א
191
א אא א אא א א )(1−א
א א א א א א א אא )CX-703(א
א א א א א 1958אאא א א א א א
א1962 א א א ،)(1–אא"1993 א א א "א
א (1)((1–א אא) א אא )אא :א8−12/1958،א
1959/א13−17،א
1960/א22−26،א
א 1961א/6−10،א
1962/א2−6،א
1963א/17−21،א
4−8/1964،א
24−29/1965،א
1966א/20−25،א
25−31/1967،א
א 1968א/10−15،א
7−12/1969،א
1970א/15−20،א
א א
192
6−11/1971،אא
25−30/1972،א
10−15/1973،א
1975/א14−19،א
13−18/1976،א
1978א/12−17،א
א 1982/א26−30،א
א א 1986א/2−6،א
א 1990א/5−9،א
:אא .א
א א א )1)((1–אא א א א א (CX-716)א
א :אא :א1965א/4−8،א
1967א/16−19،א
1968א/9−13،א
א 1974א/4−8،א
1976א/9−23،א
1979א/15−19،א
1981/א6−10،א
1986א/24−28،א
א א
193
1989/א24−28،א
7−11/1992،א
1994/א25−29،א
1996א/25−28،א
7−11/1998،א
א 1999/א19−23،א
2000/א10−14،א
23−27/2001،א
15−19/2002،א
7−11/2003،א
200344א/17−21،א
3−7/2004،א
א 2004א/8−12،א
א 11−15/2005،א
א 10−14/2006،א
2−6/2007،אאא
:א، א א א א א א א א
א ، א א א א אא א א ، א א אא ، א
א א א ، א אא א א א א א
א א ، א אא
44.
א א
194
א א א א (CX-711)א
א א)1987(א אא א ، א)2006(א א
א א ، .)CX-735(אא א(א:א א א א א(א)א א
א א )אא :א19−22/1964،א
10−14/1965،א
9−13/1966،א
א 11−15/1967،א
1968א/18−22،א
1969א/15−22،א
1970א/12−16،א
،א 1972א/2–/29א
،א 1973א/10−14א
1975א/2−7،א
1977א/6–/31،א
1978א/10−16،א
11−17/1979،א
א /1–א/25،א1980א
1982א/16−22،א
1983א/22−28،א
א א
195
10−16/1984،א
1985א/5−11،א
1987א/17−23،א
1988א/7−12،א
א א 1989א/13−18،א
א 1990א/19−24،א
א 1991א/4−9،א
א א 1992א/23−28،א
1993א/22−26،אא
א 1994א/7−11،א
א 1995א/20−24،א
א 1996א/18−22،א
א 1997א/17−21،א
1998א/9−13،א
א א 1999א/22−26،א
א 2000א/20−24،א
א 2001א/12−16،א
א א ،א 2002א/11−15א
א ،א א 2003א/17−21،
،אא 2004א/22−26א
א 25−29/2005،א
א 24−28/2006،א
،،אא 24−28/2007א
א א
196
:אא)( א אא אא א א
، אא)( א א א א א א א א
؛ א א א א א א א؛א)( אא)( א א א א א א
؛ א؛)( א א א א אא)( א ، א א א א א א
."אא"א א א א )CX-735(א
א א:אא :א،،א 16−20/2007א
:אא)( א א אא א
א א א א؛ א א
א)( א אא אא א אא א א אא א ؛א
א א
197
א)( אא א؛ א א
؛א)( א א א אא)( אא א؛א א
א א א א (CX-712)א
א א:א א אא :א،א 27−28/1964א
1965א/14−16،א
1966א/3–/31،א
א ،א 1967א/12−16א
،א 6−10/1968א
،א 5−9/1969א
،א 25−29/1970א
،א 1971א/14−18א
،א 1972א/19−23א
،א 14−18/1973א
א ،א 1974א/10−14א
،א 12−16/1975א
10−14/1976،א
א ،א /2–/29א1977
،א 18−22/1978א
،א 23−27/1979א
א א
198
،א 1980א/17−21א
،א 1982/א22−26א
،א 26−30/1983א
،א 1984א/1−5א
א 23−27/1985א
א 1986א/20−24א
א ،א 1988א/21−25א
א א ،א 1989א/16−20א
א א/1–א/28א1991
א ،א 1993א/1−5א
א ،א 1994א/17−21א
א א/1–א/27א1995
א ،א 1996א/21−25א
،א 1997א/2−24א
א א א،א א/26−30،1998
א ،א /4–א/29א1999א
א ،א 2000א/23−28א
א א ،א א/8−13،2001
א א،א 1–א/27،2003/א
א ،א 3/2004–א/29א
א א
199
א ،א א א/14−19،2005
א ،א א א ،4−9/2006א
:אא)( א ؛45אא)( א א א א א א
א א א א א א ، א א אא، א
א)( א א א א א אא א א א א א א א א
،)(
؛ א א א א אא)( .אא)( א א א
א אא א א א؛ א
א)( א א א א אא ، א ، א
א א א .אא
א–"א"45 א אא
א .א
א א
200
א א א א (CX-714)א
א א:אא :א1965א/21−25א،א
25−29/1966א،א
1967א/26−30א،א
א 23−28/1968א،א
6/1970،א
1971א/28−29،א
1972א/5−10א،א
1973א/1–/28א،א
1974א/26−27،א
26−30/1975א،א
1976א/25−26،א
16−20/1977א،א
16−20/1979א،א
א 1979א/28−30،א
1980א/10−14א،א
17−21/1982א،א
1983א/12−21א،א
1985א/11−18א،א
1987א/9−13א،א
3−7/1989א،א
א א
201
א א 1991א/11−15א،א
א 26−30/1993א،א
א 1994א/24−28א،א
א א 14−17/1996א،א
א 15−18/1997א،א
א 26−29/1998א،א
א 27−30/1999א،א
א 5−9/2000א،א
א 1−4/2001א،א6−10/2002،א
א 2/2003−/28א،א
א 10−14/2004،א
א ،א ،9−13/2005
א א 1−5/2006א،א
4/2007–/30א،אא
:אא)( א ؛אא)( א א א
א א א א א א א א؛ א
؛)( א אאא)( א א
א .א
א א
202
א א א א א א (CX-715) א
א א(א:א א()א א א)א
א :א23−24/1965،א
20−23/1966،א
1967א/24−27،א
א 1968א/11−15،א
1969א/Cologne،1−6א
א/Bonn Bad Godesberg،24−28א1971
،א 12−18/1972א
،א 3−7/1973א
،א 1975א/27−31א
،א 1977א/24−28א
،א 2−6/1979א
،א 11−15/1981א
،א /3–א/29א1982א
א ،א 1984א/26−30א
،א 1986א/10−14א
א א
203
،א 1988א/14−19א
،א 1991/א8−12א
،א 1992א/9−13א
،א 1994א/21−25א
،א 1995א/2−6א
א א ،א 1997א/10−14א
א ،א 1998א/23−27א
א ،א 2001/א26א
א א ،א 2002א/18−22א
א ،א א 2004א/8−12א
א ،א 4−8/2005א
א 15−19/2006،אא
،אא 2007א/5−9א
:א؛)( א א א א א א אא)( א א א א א א
א ؛א א א א א אא)( א א א א א א א
א א א א א א ، אא ؛)(א
א א
204
א)( א א א א א א א אא א ، א א ،א א א א א א א א
אא א א א א א؛ א א
؛)( א א א אא)( א א
؛א)( א א א א א א
א א .א
א א א א א (CX-718)א
א א(א:א א א א،)אא אא א אא
א :א1996א/17−21،א
18−22/1967،א
1968א/4–/30،א
א 1969א/6−14،א
1970א/6–/28،א
1972א/16−23،א
1974/א4−9،א
1975א/3−8،א
א א
205
1977/א14−21،א
1978א/5–/29،א
1979א/11−18،א
1980א/2−9،א
1981א/15−20،א
א 1982א/14−21،א
1983א/3−10،א
1984א/4–/24،א
1/1985–א/25،א
21−28/1986،א
6−13/1987،א
18−25/1988،א
א א 10−17/1989،א
א 23−30/1990،א
א 15−22/1991،א
א א 6−13/1992،א
א ،א ،19−26/1993
א 11−18/1994،א
א 1/1995–/24،א
א 15−20/1996،א
א 7−12/1997،א
א א
206
20−25/1998،א
א א 12−17/1999،א
1−8/2000،אא
א 2−7/2001،א
א א 13−18/2002،א
א ،א 5/2003–א/31א
א ،א א ،19−24/2004
18−23/2005،אא
א ،א א א 3−8/2006א،
אאא ،،7−12/2007
:אא)( א א א א
؛ אא)( א א א א א א א א
؛ א א אא)( א א א א א
א א ؛א א א؛)( א א א א א א א אא)( א א א א א
؛ א א
א א
207
א)( א א א א א א אא ، א א א .א
א א א א א א (CX-730)א
א א:א א אא :א،א 1986،א/27−31א
،א –א/30א
1987א/4
،א –א/31א
1988א/4
א ،א 1989א/24−27א
،א 1990א/16−19א
،א 1991א/22−25א
،א 1992א/20−23א
،א 1994א/7−10א
،א 1995א/5−8א
1–א/29،)(א1996א/
،א 15−18/1998א
،א 2000א/28−31א
،א א א/4−7،2001
א א
208
א ،א 2003א/4−7،
،א ، א/26−29א2005
،א א ،8−12/2006
3−7/2007،א،א
:א؛)( א א א א א؛)( א א א א؛)( אא)( א א א א א .א
א א א א א א א א א א (CX-733)א
א א:א אא :א21−25/1992א،א
/3–א/29א،א1993א
1995א/3–/א27א،א
א 1996/א10−23،א
1997/א17−21،א
1998/א23−27،א
1999/א22−26،א
א א
209
2000/א21−25،א
2000א/11−15،א
2002א/1–/א25،א
2002א/2−6،א
2003א/1−5،א
2004א/6−10،א
א /2−א/28،א2005א
،א א א/6−10،2006
:אא)( א א א
א א א א א א א א א؛ א א א א א
א)( א א א אא אא א א א א א א
א א אא)(א46א א א א א א א אא א
א א א א א א .א
אאא46 א א א א
א ISO-8402)אQuality – Vocabulary)
א א
210
א)( א؛ א א א
א)( א א א؛ א א
א)( א א א א א؛ א א א א
א)( א א א א אא .א
א א א א א א א א א(CX-720) א א:א
א :א2−5/1966،א
א/6−10،א1967
1968א/14−18،א
א 1969א/3−7،א
/4–א/39،א1970א
1971א/6−10،א
1972א/10−14،א
9−14/1974،א
א א
211
22−26/1975،א
1977א/4–/א28،א
א/23−27،א1978
3–/29،א1980א/
20−24/1982،א
א 1–א/24،א1985/א
א/12−16،א1987
7–/29،א1988א/
1991/א18−22،א
–/28،א1992א/2
1995א/27−31،א
א/7−11،א1996
א 21−25/1998،א
א 2000א/19−23،א
א 2001א/26−30،א
א א 2002א/4−8،א
א א
212
א 2003א/3−7،א
א 2004א/1−5،א
א 2005א/21−25،א
א ،א 3−א/3،2006א/
:אא)( אא
؛ א א א אא)( א ، ،
؛ א א אא)( א
א א א אאא)( א א א א א א א
א א א א א א א א .א
א א א א א (CX-708)א
א א:אא :א1963א/5−6،א
22−24/1964،א
1965א/10−12،א
א א
213
א 1966א/15−17،א
9−12/1967،א
2−5/1968،א
1969א/23−27،)(،א
3/1970–א/29،א
א/1–/27،א1971
،א 7−11/1973א
1974א/2−6،א
1976א/1−5،א
،א 1979/א2−6א
א ،א 1980/א21−25א
1982/א2–א/29،א
א/2–/30،א1996
1998א/16−18،א
،א 2000א/2−4א
،א 2001א/3−5א
)א( :א
א א .א
א א
214
א אא א (CX-710)א
א א:א א
א :א1964א/3−5،א
1965א/2−4،א
1966א/1−3،א
א 1967/א18−21،א
10−12/1968،א
1974א/19−22،א
2000/א9−11،א
.א
:אא א .א
א א א א א א (CX-713)א
א אא:א א
א :א،א 29−30/1964א
1965א/8−11،א
1966א/6−10،א
א א
215
א ،א 1967א/19−23א
،א 13−17/1968א
،א 12−16/1969א
،א 1970א/1−5א
،א 1971א/7−11א
،א 1972א/12−16א
،א 21−25/1973א
،א 1974א/3−7א
،א 19−23/1975א
،א 9−13/1977א
א ،א 25−29/1978א
،א 1980א/17−21א
،א 1982א/22−26א
،א 1984/א13−17א
،א 1986א/10−14א
،א 1998א/16−20א
،א 11−15/2000א
א ،א ،23−27/2002
א ،א 2004א/1−/27א
א ،א 2006א/16−21،
א א
216
:אא א א א א אא א א א א א א א א
א ، א אא א א א אא .א
א א א א א א (CX-709)א
א א(:א א א א א)א א(אא א )א
א :א1964/א25−27،א
6−8/1965،א
1/1966–א/29،א
א 24−28/1967،א
16−20/1968،א
1969א/17−20،א
1974א/25−29،א
1975א/24−28،א
1977א/2–א/28،א
1978א/4−8،א
1980א/23−27،א
19−23/1982،א
א א
217
1987/א23−27،א
א 1993א/1–/27،א
1996א/4−8،א
1999א/8−12،א
2001/א19−23،א
2003/א3−7،א
2005/א21−25،א
2007/א19−23،א
:אא א א א א א א א
א .א
א א א א (CX-717)א
א א:א
א :א1965א/28−30،א
5−8/1966،א
1967א/15−17،א
א 1969א/18−20،א
1970א/16−20،א
1971א/1−5،א
1973א/25−29،א
א א
218
א א א)1985(א א .א :א
//אא א א א א א א
.א
א א א (CX-723)א
א א א א ).1971(אא א א א)2001(א א א
א א.א א א א א א א א )2003(א
א א:אא :א10−15/1972،א
1973א/18−22،א
1974א/25−29،א
א 18−22/1981،א
1982א/11−15،א
1991א/14−18،א
2/1993–א.29،א
2002/א18−22،א
א א
219
2003/א17−21،א
2004/א16−20،א
،א 2005/א14−17א
א :א
א א ،/אא א א .א
א א א א א א א (CX-721)א
א א:א אא :א4−5/1966،א
1967א/2−6،א
1968א/24−28،א
א 1969א/9−13،א
1970א/23−27،א
17−21/1972،א
1973א/3−7،א
1975א/10−14،א
/3–א/29،א1976א
1978א/20−24،א
א א
220
22−26/1980،א
1982א/4−8،א
1984א/23−26،א
א 12−16/1988،א
1990א/8−12،א
א א א א א ).1999(א
:אא א אא א א
א א .א
א א א א א א (CX-722)א
א א:א
א :א2/1966–/29،א
1967א/9−13،א
1968א/7−11،א
א 1969א/8–/29،א
1970א/5−10،א
1970א/4−8،א
1971א/2−7،א
1973א/1−6،א
א א
221
1974א/5–/30،א
1975א/4–/29،א
1976א/2–/27،א
1977א/3−8،א
7−11/1979،א
א 5−10/1980،א
3−8/1982،א
7−11/1984،א
5−9/1986،א
2−6/1988،א
1990א/11−15،א
1992א/1−5،א
א א 2−6/1994،א
א 6−10/1998،א
א 1998א/8−12،א
א א 2000א/5−9،א
א 2002א/3−7،א
א 2003א/13−17،א
א ،א א/4−/א28،2005
א ،א א ،18−22/2006
א א
222
:אא א א(א )א
א א .א
אאא א א (CX-724)א
א א:א
א :א1974/א18−22،א
1975א/23−27،א
1976א/11−15،א
א א א א א ).1997(א
:אא ، אא
א א .א
א א א א א (CX-726)א
א א:אא :א1975א/3−7،א
1977א/7−11،א
אא א א א א ).2001(אא
א א
223
:אא א א .א
א א א (CX-729) א
א א:א א א
א :א
،א 1980א/24−28א
،א 1/1981–/27א
،א 1982א/25−29א
א ،א 24−28/1984א
،א 1986א/17−21א
،א 1988א/24−28א
،א 1990א/22−26א
،א 1992א/26−30א
،א 1994א/4–א/31א
:אא/א
א .א
א א
224
א א א א א )CX-728(א
א א:אא :א
1980א/7–3א،א
1983א/5–1א،א
1984/א10–6א،א
א 1987/א2−6،א
1989/א6−10א،א
א :א
א א א א، א א א ، א א
، א א א א א א א אא א א א א א
.א א א א א א )CX-731(א
א)1987(אאא א א א א א א.אא א ).1995(א
א א
225
א א:אא :א1988א/6−10، א
1990א/5−9، א
23−27/1991، א
א 1993/א1−5، א
5−9/1994، א
/א2–א/29، א1996
8−12/1997، א
1997א/1−5، א
2000א/9−13، א
2002א/10−14،א
8−12/2003،א
16−20/2005،א
25−29/2006،א
:אא)( א א
.א )( א א א א א א א
א א א א א א
א א
226
א א א א אא ؛47א
א)( א א א א אא א א .א
א א א א א )CX-703(אא א:אא :א1994א/2א/28،א
27−31/1996،א
18−22/1998،)א(א
א47 א אא א א
א/ א :אא−1 א א
א א א א א ، א א אא א؛ א א
א"א"א−2 אא א א א א א
، א א ؛א א א אא"א−3 א א""א "א
א א א א36א א؛ א א א
א−4 א אא א א א א א .א
א" א א""א א"אא א36א א א א א
.
א א
227
א 2000א/2000−3/א28،א
8−12/2002،א
26−30/2004،א
1/2006−א/27،א
:א.אא
א א א א א א )CX-719(אא ،)(א
א אא אא א).(א א .א
א א:אא :א،/אא א 1966/א24−25א
6−7/1967،א
،א 9/1968א
א 1972א/12−13،א
1996א/3−5،א
1998א/19−21،א
،א 2000א/1–א/30א
א א
228
:אא א .א
א א א א א א )CX-801(אא א:א אא :א،א 18−22/2000א
23−26/2002،א
6−10/2003،)(אא
א 2004א/11−15א،אא
א א .א)2005(א:א
א :אא )( א א א א א א א
א א א אא א א א، א
)( ، א א א א א אא)( א א א ).2005(א
א א
229
א א א א א אא)CX-802(
א א:אא :א2000א/14−17،א
2001א/25−29،א
2002א/4−8،א
א 2003א/11−14،א
19−23/2005،א
2006א/1−א/27،א
28/2007–24،א
א א א)2003(א אא א א אא ، א
א.א א א ).2004(אא )1999−2003(א
א אא א א אאא א
א א א אא א א א א א אא א א א .א
)1999−2003(אא )( א א.אא
א א
230
אא )( א א א א א אא א ؛א א
א)( א א א א א א א אא א ؛א א א א א א
א )−2004(אא א
א א א אאא א، א א א א אא א א א א
א א א א .אא )−2004(א
א א.א.2009א)−2004(א،א)( ، ،
،א ، א ، א אא ؛א א
א)( א ، א ، א א א؛אא א
א)( ، א א א א א א אא א א א ، א א ، א א
.א
א א
231
א א א אא א (CX-803)א
א א:א אא :א2000א/13−15،א
2001א/19−21،א
2002א/17−20،א
א 2003א/25−28،א
17−20/2004،א
א א א א א א )2004(א.אא א
א א א אא א א אא א
א א .א:אא )( א א א א א
א א א א .אא )( א א א א
א א א א א א אאא، א א א א .א
א)( א א א א א א א א אא א אא א א
א א
232
א א א א א א א א א אא .א
א א א א א א (CX-804)א
א :אא :אא 2007א/26–23،א
א אא א א א ، א אא ، א א א א א א א
א א א אא א א א.אא א א א
א א א א א אא אא א
א א א א .א א
، א א א א א، א א א א א אא א א א א א א
א ، א א א א א ، א אא א א א א ،.א א
א א .אא א
א .2007א
א א
233
א א אא א א א)CX-805(
א :אא אאא א א .אא
א א א א ، א אא .8א
א אא ، .א
א אא א )2)((1−אא א א א א א א
(CX –707):א
א א א א א אא א/א אא א א א
א א .א:א؛ )( א א א א אא )( א א א א א
א א אא א א א א؛ א א
א א
234
א)( א א א؛ א א א א א א
אא )( א א א؛ א א א
؛)( א א א א א אא )( א א א א א
א א א א ؛א אא)( א א ، א א א
؛ אא )( א א א א א א א א .א
א :א1974א/27–24،א
19/1975–15א،א
30/1977–26א،א
א ،א 7/1979–3א
،א 29/1981–25א
/5–א/31،א1983א
1985/א18–12،א
،א /3–א/29א1988א
א א
235
،א 1990א/37א
1992א/6–3،א
11/1995–8،א
،א 1996א/22–19א
،א 1998א/6–3א
א 2000א/30–27،א
2002א/26−29،א
،א 2005א/25−28،
אא ، 2007א/23−26،א
א א א א א א א(CX-727)
:אא א א א א א
א א/א א אא א אא א .א
:א؛)( א א א א אא)( א א א א א
א א א אא א א א؛א אא)( א א א
؛ א א א א א א
א א
236
א)( אא א א؛ א א א
؛)( א א א א א אא)( א א א א א
א א ؛א א אא)( א א ، א א א
؛ אא)( א א א א א א א א.א
א :א1977א/16–10،א
1979א/26–20،א
1982/א2−8،א
א 1984א/5–/א28،א
8−14/1986،א
1988/א1–א/26،א
1992/א5−12،א
،א 1992א/27−31א
24−27/1994،א
1996א/5−8،א
1997א/16−19،אא
א א
237
،א 1999א/23−26א
،א 17−20/2002א
א 7−10/2004،א
2006א/21−24،א
א א א א א א א(CX-706)
:אאאאא /אאא אא א א אא א א
א، א .א:אא)( ؛א א א אא)( א א א א א
א א א א א א א א؛ א א
אא)( א א؛ א א א א א א
א)( א א א א؛ א א א
א)( א ؛א א א אא)( א א א א א
؛ א א א א א
א א
238
א)( א ، א א אא؛ א
א )( א א א א א א א א.א
א :א1−2/1965،א
1965א/20،א
24−27/1966،א
א 1966א/8،א
6−8/1967،א
1968א/4−8،א
1969א/7−10،א
1971א/27−29،א
1972א/14−16،א
1977א/13−17،א
،א 1979א/1–/28א
،א 1981א/16−20א
،א 1982א/1–/27א
א 1984א/4−8،א
1986א/16−20،א
1/1988–א/27،א
א א
239
1990א/1–/28،א
11−15/1992،א
16−20/1994،א
23−26/1996،א
א 5−8/1998،א
א 2000א/3−6،א
א ،א 10−13/2002א
א א ،א 20−23/2004א
א ،א א 2007א/15−18،
א א א א א אא א א (CX-725)א
:אא א א א/א
א א אא א א א אא א .א
:א؛)( א א א א אא)( א א א א א
א אא א א א א א؛ א א
א)( א א א؛ א א א א א א
א א
240
אא)( א א א؛ א א א
؛)( א א א א א אא)( א א א א א
؛א א א א אא)( א א ، א א א
؛ אא)( א א א א א א א א.א
א :א1976א/26–25،א
1980א/15–9،א
2/1984–א/27،א
א 22/1985–17،א
1987/א16–11،א
1989/א24–20،א
10/1991–1،א
،א א 1993א/20–16א
אא 7/1995–3א
1997/א28–25،א
1998א/8−11،א
א א
241
2001/א13−16א
2002א/9−13،א
א /3−א/29،א2004א
2006א/13−17،א
א א א א אא א(CX-734)א
:אא א א א א א
א א/א א א א א אא א א א א אא א
א א .א:א؛)( א א א א אא)( א א א א א
א א א אא א א א؛ א א
א)( א א א؛ א א א א א א
אא)( א א א؛ א א א
؛)( א א א א א א
א א
242
א)( א א א א אא א ؛א א א
א)( א א ، א א א؛ א
א)( א א א א א א א א.א
א :א،א 2001/א1–א/29א
،א 2003א/20−23א
2005א/7−10،א
2007א/1–/א26،אא
א א א א אא א א (CX-732)אא
:אא א א א א א
א א/א א א א א אא א א א א .א
:א؛)( א א א א אא)( א א א א א
א א א א א א א א؛ א א
א א
243
א)( א א א؛ א א א א א א
א)( א א א א؛ א א א
؛)( א א א א א אא)( א א א א א
؛ א א א א אא)( א אא א א ،
؛ אא)( א א א א א א א א.א
א :א4/1990–/30،א
1991א/6–2א،א
1993א/31/3،א
א 3/1996−/30א،א
1998א/6−9،א
2000א/5−8،א
א/1–א/29،א2002
א،א 2004א/19−22،
א،א 2006א/10−13،
א א
244
א א א א א א א א אא 48א
א (CX-705)א
:אא10/1965–6،א
9/1966–5،א
22/1967–18،א
א 6/1968–2،א
26/1969–22،א
31/1970–27،א
1971א/10–6،א
4/1973–/30،א
1974א/11–7،א
1975א/10–6،א
1977א/18–14،א
א/6–א/30،א1978
15−19/1980،א
א48 א א א א א אא א א א א א א א א א
א א אא א א .א
א א
245
א א א).1999(א אא א א א א א א א(א
אא )א:א
א א א א א א א אא א א א א
א א א אא.אא א א א א א א
א א א א א אא א א א א א א א
אא א א א ، א ، א א .אא א א א א א א א אא א א א א א א א
א אא א א אא א ، .א
(CX-704)א
א :א10/1964–6،א2/1965–א/29،א1966/א25–21،אא 14/1967–10،א1968א/29–25،א1969א/31–27،א24/1970–20،א1971א/12–8،א1972א/24–20،א20/1973–16،א1974א/18–14،א
א א
246
23/1976–19،א1978א/30–26،אא 1980א/13–9،א1982/א12–8،א4/1984–/30،א30/1986–26،א16−20/1988،א1990א/12−16،א
א ).1999(אאא א א א א א א א
א א א .א:א
א א א א א.א
א ،א א א א א א אא .49א
א :א1971א/13−16،א
24−27/1973،א
א א א א אא א א א א א א
.א
א49 א א א א א א א אא א א א א ، א א א א
א א א א א אא .א
א א א
247
א א א א א א)2006א/30(
א א א
1−2−א−34−5−א−6א−7 אא−89−
א−10א−11א−12 א אא−13 אא−1415−16−17−18−19−20–21−22−23−24−25−26−27−28−
א−29א−3031−א−3233−א−34 אא−3536−א−3738−א3940−א−41א−42 אא−4344−
45−46−א−47 א48−49−א−50א−51 אא
א−52א−53א−54
א א א
248
א−55 אא
56−57−58−59−60−א−6162−63−64−65−66−
67−68−א−6970−71−72−73−א−7475−א−76 אא−77 א78−א−7980−81−82−א−83א−84א−85א−86
א−87א−88א−89א−9091−א−9293−94−95−א−96א−79א−98א−99
100−א−101 אא102 א103−104−105−א−106א−107א−108א
109−א−110אא−111112−
א א אא−113 אא−114א−115116−117−118−
א א א
249
א−119 א120−121−122−123−124−אא−125א−126א−127א−128א−129130−131−א−132133−א−134א−135 א136−א–137 א138−139−140−141−142−א−143א−144145−א א
א−146 אא−147148−א−149 א
א−150 אא−151א−152153−א−154 א א155−156−א−157 א אא−158 אא−159 א א160−א−161 א א אא−162
אא−163א−164 א א
א אא−165 א166−167−168−א−169א−170א−171 אא−172173−174−א−175
א אאא−1
א:א א א א
250
א:א א א א
א אא אא א אא א א 50א
א−1 א א א א א אא א א א א א א א א א
א א אא א א א א א.א
א−2 א א א א א א אא א א א א א א ،
א .אאא−3 א א א .אא−4 א א א א א א
، א א א אא א אא א א א
א .אא א א א א 51א
א • א ، א אא א אא א
؛א• ، א א א א א א א א א
א א ، א א
50، א א א א א א .1995א51، א א א א א א .2001א
א:א א א א
251
א א א א א אא א؛ א א א א
• ، א א א א א א א، א א א א א ، א
؛ א א אא • א א
א ؛52אא • א א א ، א א א ، א
א، א א؛ א א
א • א א א א، א א א א א א א א
، ؛אא • א א א א א א
، א א ، א א א א אא א א ، א א א
؛אא • א א א א א א
א53א א א ؛א א א .א
א52 א א א א א
א א א ،א א א א אא .א
א53 א א א ، א אא א א א א ، א א א .א
א:א א א א
252
א א 54אאא
א−1 א א א א א אא א א א .א
א−2 א אא א א ،א א א
.א−3 א א א א א.א
א−4 א א א אא א ،.
א54 א ،א א א א .1997א
א:א א א א
253
א א א א א א 55א
א א א א א א א אא ، אא א א
א א :אא • א א א א א א א
، א א ، א א א א א א א؛ א א
אא • א؛ א א
• ، א א א א אא א א א א
؛ א א א א א
א، • אא א א א א א ، א א
؛א • א א
א א א ؛אא • א א א
؛ א א א א א
א • א .א
55، א א א א א א .2003א
א
254
א
א אא א א א
؛233؛א
א אא א א א
235؛118א؛אא
11א א 120؛א
אאא؛ 25א
؛ א 24אאא 24؛אא: א ؛א
24
א א ؛62؛א193؛140؛67
א א א א20؛
א134،א
א אא 47؛א
א א א א א א א א ؛119؛48؛א
231؛165א א
א א אא אא
؛118؛א؛229؛227א א ؛33؛26؛19؛14؛א
253؛127؛113؛73
א
255
אא א 11؛אא א
א 132؛אא
א א אא 125؛א
؛א ؛220؛119א246אא
؛213؛33؛28؛224؛223؛219؛214
א א א אא א א
אאאא 223؛118؛א
א؛ א א 8א
אא16؛
א א אא
؛ א א 231א
؛ א 228א
א אאא א א
212؛118א א אא אא
א؛אא222؛119
א א א אא ؛א
119א א א א
217؛
א
256
א א א אאא 219؛119؛א
א ؛אא221؛119
אאא א
222؛אא
אאא א א
48؛42،א؛101؛47؛34؛א
؛122؛120؛119؛117؛133؛129؛127؛125194؛169؛151
א א، 151א
א א א א א א א/א אא א א
אא אא אא אא א
)א(א א
א א)א(
א א)א(
אא)(
)(א א
)(א א א
א( א)א
א א אא)א(
)א(אא
)(א)א(
א אא( )א
א אא)א(
א א א)א(
אא א)א(
א א)א(
א א א)א(
א א)א(
אא א
)א(א א
א( )אא א
)א(
אא( )א
אא א
א( )אא א אא א
א( )אא
א א א א אא א אאא( )א
א א)א(
א אא אא א א)(
א א א)א(
א)א(
אא)א(
![dk;kZy; fuca/kd QElZ] lkslkbVht ,oa fpV~l mRrjkapy report of... · 2011. 2. 14. · ¼ fucU/kd]QElZ lkslkbVh ,ao fpV~l]mRrjk[k.M] ds vUrxZr l`ftr inksa dk fooj.k½ • fucU/kd laxBu](https://static.fdocumentos.com/doc/165x107/60f7d4311a4dee1e3f6c0acd/dkkzy-fucakd-qelz-lkslkbvht-oa-fpvl-mrrjkapy-report-of-2011-2-14.jpg)
![93RXFRVSURGXWRUHVXWLOL]DPHVWDIHUUDPHQWD ... · 'HVFULomR 9DORU 7RWDO KD 9DORU KD 4WG VF KD 9DORU VF KD 'HIHQVLYRV 5 5 5 )HUWLOL]DQWHV 5 5 5 ... Microsoft PowerPoint - CRCRS CASE AGRONEGÃ](https://static.fdocumentos.com/doc/165x107/604cd598b4eb33623521ae1a/93rxfrvsurgxwruhvxwloldphvwdihuudphqwd-hvfulomr-9doru-7rwdo-kd-9doru-kd-4wg.jpg)
