8/12/2019 LI 12e - RITMO E O FENMENO DE REDUO DAS VOGAIS EM INGLS

1/4

RITMO E O FENMENO DE REDUO DAS VOGAIS EM INGLSRHYTHM AND VOWEL REDUCTION

Ricardo Schtzltima atualizao: 25 de setembro de 2005

RHYTHM

The rhythm of speech is one of thedistinctie fe!t"res of ! #!n$"!$e% It is!c&"ired in chi#dhood !nd h!rd for !n!d"#t to ch!n$e%

Accordin$ to rhythm' #!n$"!$es !rec#!ssified in syllable-tie!!nd st"ess-tie!% (!p!nese is pro)!)#y the mostperfect e*!mp#e of ! sy##!)#e+timed#!n$"!$e' )"t ,rench !nd -r!.i#i!n

/ort"$"ese !re !#so sy##!)#e+timed 0hi#eR"ssi!n !nd En$#ish !re m!r1ed#y stress+timed #!n$"!$es%

In sy##!)#e+timin$' rhythm of speech is)!sed on the sy##!)#e' t!1in$ e!ch sy##!)#e! simi#!r !mo"nt of time to )eprono"nced% Therefore' the !mo"nt oftime to s!y ! $ien sentence depends onthe n"m)er of sy##!)#es' !nd contr!ctionsr!re#y occ"r% This is one of the fe!t"res of-r!.i#i!n /ort"$"ese' 0here e!ch sy##!)#eis distinctie#y !nd c#e!r#y prono"nced'timin$ the f#o0 of the #!n$"!$e%

2ee )e#o0 the $r!phic represent!tion of !sy##!)#e+timed #!n$"!$e #i1e /ort"$"ese inthe e*!mp#e3

RITMO

O ritmo d! f!#! 4 "m! d!s princip!isc!r!cter5stic!s de "m! #5n$"!' sendo

!d&"irido n! inf6nci! e dif5ci# de m"d!r emid!de !d"#t!%

7"!nto !o ritmo' #5n$"!s s8o c#!ssific!d!sem syllable-timede stress-timed% O

9!pon:s 4 "m dos m!is perfeitose*emp#os de #5n$"! do tipo syllable-timed'

m!s o fr!nc:s e o port"$":s do -r!si#t!m)4m est8o inc#"5dos nest! c!te$ori!'

en&"!nto &"e o r"sso e o in$#:s s8o dotipo stress-timed%

Em #5n$"!s tipo syllable-timed' ! s5#!)! 4! "nid!de &"e imprime o ritmo d! f!#! ec!d! s5#!)! 4 pron"nci!d! n"m! fr!;8o

de tempo de d"r!;8o seme#h!nte%/ort!nto' o tempo necess

8/12/2019 LI 12e - RITMO E O FENMENO DE REDUO DAS VOGAIS EM INGLS

2/4

!mo"nt of time it t!1es to s!y ! sentencein En$#ish depends on the n"m)er ofsy##!)#es th!t receie the prim!rysentence stress !nd not on the tot!#n"m)er of sy##!)#es%

The 0ords th!t c!rry the stressedsy##!)#es responsi)#e for sentencerhythm !re "s"!##y content 0ords #i1eno"ns' m!in er)s' !d9ecties !nd!der)s@ 0hi#e f"nction 0ords #i1eprepositions' !rtic#es' determiners'prono"ns' !nd !"*i#i!ry er)s in!ffirm!tie !nd interro$!tie sentencesB!re norm!##y "nstressed !nd oftencontr!cted% A"*i#i!ry er)s in ne$!tiesentences 0i## !#so )e stressed%

The difference )et0een ! stressed !nd!n "nstressed sy##!)#e is )i$$er instress+timed #!n$"!$es%

des!p!recendo% Dess! form!' o tempo &"ese #e! p!r! pron"nci!r "m! fr!se emin$#:s depende do n=mero de s5#!)!s &"erece)em tonicid!de e n8o do n=mero tot!#de s5#!)!s%

As p!#!r!s &"e c!rre$!m !s s5#!)!st?nic!s m!is fortes' !s &"!is ir8o m!rc!r oritmo d! fr!se' s8o norm!#mente p!#!r!sde m!ior conte=do sem6ntico' comos")st!ntios' er)os princip!is' !d9etios e!d4r)ios' en&"!nto &"e p!#!r!sf"ncion!is como preposi;>es' !rti$os epronomes' )em como er)os !"*i#i!res emfr!ses !firm!ti!s e interro$!ti!sB'r!r!mente rece)em tonicid!de efre&entemente s8o contr!5d!s% Ver)os!"*i#i!res em fr!ses ne$!ti!s t!m)4m

rece)em tonicid!de forte%

Em #5n$"!s tipo stress-timed! diferen;!entre "m! s5#!)! t?nic! e "m! !t?nic! 4m!is !cent"!d! do &"e em #5n$"!s tiposyllable-timed%

In this e*!mp#e' the or +sy##!)#e

se$ment/ Approximately / t!1es !#mostthe s!me time to )e prono"nced !s theF+sy##!)#e se$ment/ old /.2ee )e#o0 the $r!phic represent!tion of! stress+timed #!n$"!$e #i1e En$#ish3

N! represent!;8o $r

8/12/2019 LI 12e - RITMO E O FENMENO DE REDUO DAS VOGAIS EM INGLS

3/4

sy##!)#e content 0ords too &"ic1#y'0itho"t the necess!ry stress% -"t !neen more common error m!de )y non+n!tie spe!1ers 0hose mother ton$"e is

sy##!)#e+timed is not red"cin$ f"nction0ords !nd other "nstressed sy##!)#eseno"$h% With re$!rds to this pro)#em'D!"er !dds3

As ! res"#t' the #istener 0i## h!e diffic"#ty perceiin$0hich sy##!)#es !re stressed !nd 0hich !re"nstressed% 2ince stress is the m!in c"e to 0ord)o"nd!ries in spo1en #!n$"!$e e&"i!#ent to sp!cesin 0ritten #!n$"!$eB' the #istener 0i## therefore h!epro)#ems fi$"rin$ o"t 0here 0ords )e$in !nd end% Itis e*treme#y import!nt to m!1e ! c#e!r difference)et0een stressed !nd "nstressed sy##!)#es 0hen yo"!re spe!1in$ En$#ish% GB

dem!si!d!mente r

8/12/2019 LI 12e - RITMO E O FENMENO DE REDUO DAS VOGAIS EM INGLS

4/4

O-2%3 The En$#ish ne"tr!# o0e# phonemeJsch0!J' tr!dition!##y represented )y thech!r!cter ' is here represented )y )ec!"se of htm# editin$ #imit!tions%

de #etr!s' conforme demonstr!do n! t!)e#!!)!i*o%

O-2%3 O fonem! o$!# ne"tro do in$#:s conhecido por J*e