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Nvbsl slmrg gstn nplstb`n

Natgs ig babkbnr n `gbturn igstg fntgrbn`, vgon gssg nvbsl?

Gstg fntgrbn` usn n `bkgasn Krgntbvg Klfflas bstl sbjabdbkn

qug G@G SLIG [G] IB[Y]BMWÆIL @BT]GFGAYG, plrâf, [LM]G N[[GJWBAYG[ ]GJ]N[ ?

Gssg fntgrbn` AËL SLIG]Î [G] KLFG]KBN@B_NIL Gssn fntgrbn` AËL SLIG]Î [G] IGTB]NILG tlils ls krâibtls il nutlr IGTG]ËL [G] FNAYBIL[



;

L [ukgssl in Nplstb`n ig Nairlbi

N Nplstb`n ig Nairlbi Srljrnfnail Snssl n Snssl â hlog rgdgrïakbn ibiîtbknig fntgrbn` slmrg igsgavl`vbfgatl ig np`bknê÷gs g sbstgfns pnrn n p`ntndlrfnJllj`g Nairlbi, klahgkbil tnatl nqub al Mrnsb` qunatl gf lutrls pnæsgs(slfnail-sg fnbs ig 47 pnæsgs). Hlog n Nplstb`n ig Nairlbi oî khgjlu nnprlxbfninfgatg =33.333 nkgssls (dgbtl pg`ls fnbs ibvgrsls usuîrbls klflgstuinatgs g prldbssblanbs in îrgn ig prljrnfnêël) Hlog g`n â usnin plruabvgrsbinigs g prldgsslrgs qug fbabstrnf kursls slmrg igsgavl`vbfgatlNairlbi (Ynatl an îrgn ig krbnêël ig np`bknê÷gs g oljls).

[lmrg l Nutlr in Nplstb`n

@ukbnal N`vgs in [b`vn â Mnkhnrg`nil gf Kbïakbn in Klfputnêël pg`nWAB[WNF (]bl ig Onagbrl ]O) g Sûs-Jrniunil gf Ilkïakbn il Gasbal[upgrblr pg`l Bastbtutl N Tgz il Fgstrg (Wabvgrsbinig Kíaibil FgaigsWKNF, al ]bl ig Onagbrl). Slssub klahgkbfgatl g ilfæabl ins `bajunjgas igprljrnfnêël Snskn`, Onvn, K/K++, K#, Tbsun` Mnsbk, Ig`phb, SHS g HYF@. Oîkrblu Nfmbgatgs ig Igsgavl`vbfgatl Batgjrnil (klahgkbils klfl BIG) klfl lFnegZnrg (qug trnmn`hn klf ns `bajunjgas Snskn`, K++ g Onvn) g l N`jlZnrg(batgrprgtnilr ig n`jlrbtfls).

Â nutlr tnfmâf ils sgjubatgs `bvrls, pg`n gibtlrn NJMLLE

- Nprgain Snssl n Snssl n Srljrnfnr gf Nairlbi Jubn Gssgakbn` pnrnIgsgavl`vgilrgs

- Igsgavl`vgail Oljls klf n S`ntndlrfn XAN =ª Gibêël Jubn pnrnIgsgavl`vgilrgs.

- Igsgavl`vgail Oljls klf l Drnfgwlre FLALJNFG Jubn pnrnIgsgavl`vgilrgs.

- Igsgavl`vgail Oljls =I klf S`ntndlrfn Onvn Jubn pnrnIgsgavl`vgilrgs.



9

Nprgsgatnêël

Nairlbi â ufn p`ntndlrfn nmgrtn vl`tnin pnrn ibsplsbtbvls fûvgbsigsgavl`vbin pg`n Jllj`g g ntun`fgatg â fnatbin pg`n Lpga HnaisgtN``bnakg (LHN). Ylins ns np`bknê÷gs igsgavl`vbins pnrn gssn

p`ntndlrfn dlrnf krbnins klf n `bajunjgf Onvn, l qug dnkb`btn fubtlsprljrnfnilrgs klf klahgkbfgatls gf Onvn (lu ig lutrns `bajunjgasprûxbfns ig Onvn klfl K++ g K#) n igsgavl`vgr np`bknê÷gs pnrn l Nairlbi.

Gstn nplstb`n tgf plr lmogtbvl flstrnr ig flil dîkb` g k`nrl klfl igsgavl`vgrnp`bknê÷gs pnrn ibsplsbtbvls fûvgbs qug utb`bznf l sbstgfn lpgrnkblan` Jllj`gNairlbi ntrnvâs n dgrrnfgatn Nairlbi [tuibl (mnsgnin an BIG Batg``bO BIGN).

Snrn qugf igibkl gstg fntgrbn`<

Gstg fntgrbn` â igibknil nls usuîrbls gxpgrbgatgs lu babkbnatgs gf

prljrnfnêël (tnatl pnrn Igsetlp, Fûmb`g g gtk.), qug oî tgahn n`juf klatntlklf n `bajunjgf Onvn lu klf ufn ig suns igrbvnins (klfl K/K++ lu K#).

L



7

Æaibkg nan`ætbkl

Knpbtu`l > Tbsël jgrn` slmrg l Jllj`g Nairlbi ........................................... :

>.>) Batrliuêël ............................................................................................... :

>.=) Gstruturn Jgrn` in p`ntndlrfn Jllj`g Nairlbi ....................................... 2

>.=.>) N nrqubtgturn il Nairlbi .................................................................... >3

>.=.=) Np`bknê÷gs .......................................................................................... >3

>.=.;) Nairlbi ]uatbfg ................................................................................ >>>.=.9) @baux Egrag` ....................................................................................... >>

>.;) Snrn qun` vgrsël il Nairlbi igvgfls igsgavl`vgr ns np`bknê÷gs < ... >=

Knpbtu`l = Bastn`nail g Kladbjurnail n Dgrrnfgatn ig Igsgavl`vbfgatlpnrn Nairlbi ................................................................................................... >9

=.>) N dgrrnfgatn ig igsgavl`vbfgatl Nairlbi [tuibl ................................ >9

=.=) Lmsgrvnê÷gs jgrnbs slmrg l Nairlbi [tuibl ......................................... >7

=.;) Mnbxnail g kladbjurnail ls klfplagatgs in dgrrnfgatn ig

igsgavl`vbfgatl .......................................................................................... >:=.;.>) N Fîquban Tbrtun` Onvn ...................................................................... >:

=.;.=) L Nairlbi [IE .................................................................................. =>

=.;.;) L Nairlbi [tuibl ................................................................................ ;7

Knpbtu`l ; Klfgênail n prljrnfnr al Nairlbi ........................................ 73

Klahgkgail n gstruturn jgrn` ig uf prlogtl al Nairlbi [tuibl.................. 78

....................................................................... 72

slurkgs) ......................................................................... 4=.................................................................................. 4=

....................................................................................... 4;

....................................................................................... 4;

.................................................................................... 49

........................................................................................ 49

Tbsël jgrn` in dgrrnfgatn ig igsgavl`vbfgatl ........................................... 49

Gxgkutnail n alssn np`bknêël..................................................................... 44



4

Knpbtu`l 9 Klahgkgail ns wbijgts il Nairlbi ......................................... 84 9.>) N pn`gtn ig klfplagatgs g suns wbijgts ............................................. 84

.............................................................................. 8:

......................................................................... 23

.............................................................................. 2>

......................................................................... 2=

....................................................................... 2=

................................................................................ 29

Knpbtu`l 7 Klastrubail alssns np`bknê÷gs al Nairlbi ............................ 27

7.>) Igsgavl`vgail ufn Kn`ku`nilrn Mîsbkn ............................................. 27

Np`bknêël in kn`ku`nilrn gf gxgkuêël ..................................................... >>7

7.=) Igsgavl`vgail ufn np`bknêël sbfp`gs ig klfprns .......................... >>7

7.;) Igsgavl`vgail ufn np`bknêël ig kî`ku`l ig sn`îrbl .......................... >=>

7.9) Igsgavl`vgail ufn np`bknêël ig `bstn ig klatntls ........................... >;3

7.7) Igsgavl`vgail ufn np`bknêël qug vbsun`bzn bfnjgas ....................... >;9

Knpbtu`l 4 Yrnmn`hnail klf fnbs ig ufn tg`n gf ufn np`bknêël ......... >97

4.>) Igsgavl`vgail uf [bstgfn ig Kninstrl (Srbfgbrn vgrsël) ............... >7;

Knpbtu`l : Yrnmn`hnail klf fgaus gf ufn np`bknêël .......................... >::

Knpbtu`l 8 Srlprbginigs g gvgatls ils klfplagatgs trnmn`hnils ....... >8:

Zbijgt YgxtTbgw ........................................................................................ >8:

Zbijgt GibtYgxt .......................................................................................... >88

Zbijgt Muttla ............................................................................................. >23

Zbijgt KhgkeMlx/]niblMuttla .................................................................. >2>

Zbijgt @bstTbgw ......................................................................................... >2=

Zbijgt BfnjgTbgw ..................................................................................... >2;

Klak`usël n rgspgbtl il fntgrbn` ............................................................... >27



:

Knpbtu`l > Tbsël jgrn` slmrg lJllj`g Nairlbi

>.>) Batrliuêël

ladlrfg fgakblanil an nprgsgatnêël igstg fntgrbn`, l Nairlbi â ufnp`ntndlrfn igsgavl`vbin pg`n Jllj`g vl`tnin pnrn ibsplsbtbvls fûvgbs,tltn`fgatg nmgrtn â `bvrg (Lpga [lurkg), qug dlb ibvu`jnin gf 7 ig

alvgfmrl ig =33:. Babkbn`fgatg l sbstgfn Nairlbi dlb igsgavl`vbil pg`lJllj`g g ntun`fgatg gssn p`ntndlrfn â fnatbin pg`n LHN (Lpga HnaisgtN``bnakg. Tbsbtg l `bae ? http?//www.lpgahnaisgtn``bnakg.klf), uf jruplklastbtuæil plr nprlxbfninfgatg 89 gfprgsns ns qunbs sg uabrnf pnrn balvnrg nkg`grnr l igsgavl`vbfgatl ig np`bknê÷gs g sgrvbêls, klf l lmogtbvl gtrnzgr nls klasufbilrgs ufn gxpgrbïakbn fnbs rbkn gf tgrfls ig rgkursls,fgals ibspgaiblsn gf tgrals dbanakgbrls pnrn l fgrknil fûvg`.

Wf ils prbfgbrls [fnrtShlags qug ldgrgkgu suplrtg n gssg sbstgfnlpgrnkblan` dlb l J> in gfprgsn Y-Flmb`g. Kladbrn an bfnjgf sgjubatg?

J> - Y-Flmb`g

K



8

Ntun`fgatg l sbstgfn Nairlbi sg gaklatrn hlog ibsplaævg` tnatl gf[fnrtShlags qunatl als Ynm`gts. Kladbrn nmnbxl n`juas ils ibsplsbtbvlsgaklatrnfls hlog al fgrknil klf l sbstgfn lpgrnkblan` Nairlbi?

[fnrtShlag [nfsuaj Jn`nxy [;

Ynm`gt [nfjuaj Jn`nxy Altg



2

>.=) Gstruturn Jgrn` in p`ntndlrfn Jllj`g Nairlbi

L Nairlbi [IE â ufn dgrrnfgatn ig igsgavl`vbfgatl qug ibsplabmb`bzn ufklaouatl ig NSBs agkgssîrbns pnrn igsgavl`vgr np`bknê÷gs pnrn n p`ntndlrfnNairlbi, utb`bznail n `bajunjgf Onvn.

Tnfls klahgkgr ls rgkursls gaklatrnils agssn p`ntndlrfn?

- Npp`bkntbla drnfgwlre? Sgrfbtg n rgutb`bznêël g sumstbtubêël igklfplagatgs 5

- In`vbe vbrtun` fnkhbag? Â ufn Fîquban Tbrtun` Onvn (OTF) vl`tnin pnrnibsplsbtbvls fûvgbs 5

- Mrlwsgr Batgjrnil mnsgnil al wgmebt gajbag 5

- Jrîdbkls Ltbfbznils L Nairlbi â klastbtuæil plr mbm`bltgkns =I g ;Imnsgnin an gspgkbdbknêël LpgaJ@ G[ >.3 5

- [^@btg? [bstgfn Jgrgakbnilr ig Mnakl ig Inils ([JMI) oî gfmutbil alNairlbi pnrn junrinr inils 5

- [uplrtg fu`tbfæibn? N p`ntndlrfn oî ldgrgkg pnrn îuibl, væigl g dlrfntls igbfnjgf (FSGJ9, H.=49, FS;, NNK, NF], OSJ, SAJ, JBD) 5

- Yg`gdlabn J[F (igpgaigatg ig hnriwnrg) 5

- M`ugtllth, GIJG, ;J, g ZbDb (igpgaigatg ig hnriwnrg) 5

- Kífgrn, JS[, klfpnssl, g nkg`grùfgtrl (igpgaigatg ig hnriwnrg) 5

- ]bkl nfmbgatg ig igsgavl`vbfgatl , bak`ubail uf gfu`nilr ig ibsplsbtbvl,

dgrrnfgatns ig igpurnêël, fgfûrbn g pgrdlrfnakg.



>3

>.=.>) N nrqubtgturn il Nairlbi

Nrqubtgturn jgrn` in p`ntndlrfn

>.=.=) Np`bknê÷gs

L Nairlbi als dlragkg uf klaouatl ig np`bknê÷gs duainfgatnbs, sël g`ns?

- uf k`bgatg ig g-fnb`5- prljrnfn ig [F[5- njgain5- fnpns5- anvgjnilr5- klatntls gatrg lutrls.

Ylils ls np`bkntbvls nkbfn prgsgatgs al Nairlbi dlrnf igsgavl`vbils an`bajunjgf ig prljrnfnêël Onvn.

L Nairlbi als dlragkg uf klaouatl ig mbm`bltgkns K/K++ utb`bznins plr vîrbls

klfplagatgs il sbstgfn. Tgon n`jufns ins mbm`bltgkns nmnbxl?



>>

- [ystgf K `bmrnry? Klasbstg gf ufn bfp`gfgatnêël igrbvnin in mbm`bltgkn Kpnirël mnsgnil al sbstgfn (`bmk) il M[I sbatlabznin pnrn ibsplsbtbvlsrlinail @baux.

- Fgibn @bmrnrbgs? M sël ns mbm`bltgknsqug suplrtnf ls fnbs ibvgrsls dlrfntls ig îuibl g væigl, bak`ubail tnfmâfbfnjgas.

- [urdnkg Fnanjgr? ]gsplasîvg` pg`l nkgssl nl sumsbstgfn ig gxbmbêël mgfklfl ns fÿ`tbp`ns knfnins ig np`bknê÷gs =I g ;I5

- @bmZgmKlrg? Klasbstg gf uf wgm mrlwsgr gajbag utb`bznil tnatl al NairlbiMrlwsgr qunatl pnrn gxbmbê÷gs wgm.

- [J@ l gajbag ig jrîdbkls =I - ;I `bmrnrbgs? Wfn bfp`gfgatnêël mnsgnin al LpgaJ@ G[ >.3 NSBs5 Nsmbm`bltgkns utb`bznf nkg`grnêël ;I vbn hnriwnrg (qunail ibsplaævg`) lu lsldtwnrg ig rgaigrbznêël ;I n`tnfgatg ltbfbznil bak`uæil al Nairlbi.- DrggYypg Mbm`bltgkn rgsplasîvg` pg`n rgaigrbznêël ig dlatgs mbtfnp gvgktlr5

- [^@btg Kladlrfg oî fgakblanil, klasbstg al sbstgfn jgrgakbnilr ig mnaklig inils ([JMI) rg`nkblan` ibsplaævg` pnrn tlins ns np`bknê÷gs.

>.=.;) Nairlbi ]uatbfg

L Nairlbi â klastbtuæil plr uf klaouatl ig mbm`bltgkns qug dlragkg n fnblrbnins duakblan`binigs ibsplaævgbs ans prbakbpnbs mbm`bltgkns in `bajunjgf Onvn.

Ylin np`bknêël Nairlbi rlin gf sgu prûprbl prlkgssl, klf sun prûprbnbastíakbn in fîquban vbrtun` In`vbe. L In`vbe dlb gskrbtl ig dlrfn n gxgkutnrvîrbns TFs gdbkbgatgfgatg. G`g gxgkutn nrqubvls .igx, qug â ltbfbznil pnrnklasufl fæabfl ig fgfûrbn. N TF â mnsgnin gf rgjbstrls g rlin k`nssgsklfpb`nins pg`n `bajunjgf Onvn qug dlrnf trnasdlrfnins gf nrqubvls .igx,

æin al [IE.

L In`vbe TF dlb mnsgnil al egrag` il @baux pnrn duakblan`binigs sumonkgatgsklfl l gaknignfgatl g n jgstël ig mnbxl aævg` ig fgfûrbn.

>.=.9) @baux Egrag` L Nairlbi dlb prlogtnil gf kbfn in vgrsël =.4 il egrag` il @baux pnrn ls

sgrvbêls kgatrnbs il sbstgfn, tnbs klfl sgjurnaên, jgstël ig fgfûrbn, jgstëlig prlkgssls, gtk. L egrag` tnfmâf ntun klfl ufn knfnin ig nmstrnêëlgatrg l hnriwnrg g l rgstl il sldtwnrg.



>=

>.;) Snrn qun` vgrsël il Nairlbi igvgfls igsgavl`vgr nsnp`bknê÷gs <

^unail igsgavl`vgfls ufn np`bknêël pnrn uf igtgrfbanil sbstgfnlpgrnkblan`, alrfn`fgatg, prgkbsnfls dnzgr n sgjubatg pgrjuatn ? Snrn qun`vgrsël il [.L igvgfls igsgavl`vgr <

Klasbigrl gssg uf ils platls fnbs bfplrtnatgs qug igvgfls rgd`gtbr natgs igigsgavl`vgrfls ufn np`bknêël. Klfl agstg fntgrbn` brgfls igsgavl`vgrnp`bknê÷gs vl`tnils pnrn n p`ntndlrfn Nairlbi, igvgfls pgasnr pnrn qun`vgrsël in p`ntndlrfn prgkbsnfls igsgavl`vgr.

>.;.>) ^un` vgrsël in p`ntndlrfn Nairlbi â n fnbs utb`bznin al flfgatl<

Snrn dn`nr n rgspgbtl igssn sbtunêël, brgb flstrnr nqub uf jrîdbkl qug flstrnqunbs vgrs÷gs il Nairlbi sël ns fnbs usnins al fuail tlil ?

Jrîdbkl ig Gstntæstbkn n rgspgbtl il [.L Nairlbi fnbs usnil

L jrîdbkl in gstîtbkn nkbfn dlb dgbtl gf igzgfmrl ig =3>9, laig ag`g pligflslmsgrvnr qug ns vgrs÷gs il Nairlbi fnbs utb`bznins sël l Og``y Mgna (vgrsël9.> 9.;) g EbtEnt (9.9), prntbknfgatg ns iuns gstël al gfpntg. Ns vgrs÷gsfnbs natbjns il Nairlbi klfl Gk`nbr (vgrsël =.>) g Ilaut (vgrsël >.4) oî agf

sël fnbs kbtnins g dn`nins hlog gf ibn. N vgrsël 7.x il Nairlbi rgkgatgfgatg`naênin, l @l``bplp, nbain gstî klfgênail n sg plpu`nrbznr.



>;

Hlog gf ibn, sg dlfls gf n`jufn `lon pnrn klfprnr uf npnrg`hl ([fnrtphlaglu Ynm`gt Nairlbi) brgfls niqubrb-`l klf l [.L Nairlbi vgrsël 9.3 pnrn kbfn.[g l`hnrfls plr gssg platl ig vbstn, igvgfls pgasnr gf igsgavl`vgrflsalssn np`bknêël utb`bznail, klfl mnsg, n vgrsël 9.3.

>.;.=) L Sum`bkl

Wf lutrl dntlr fubtl bfplrtnatg , g qug igstnkl nqub , â n qugstël LSWM@BKL`nil, vbstl qug fubtls usuîrbls nbain plssugf npnrg`hls Nairlbi klf ufn

vgrsël fnbs natbjn (klfl n vgrsël =.; g =.=), `ljl, igvgfls pgasnr tnfmâf

>.;.;) ^un` prblrbinig igvgfls inr ? Sum`bkl lu Tgrsël il [.L <

Njlrn n qugstël â ? Klfl klfmbanr n qugstël SWM@BKL g TG][ËL il [.Lpnrn igsgavl`vgrfls n np`bknêël < [g vlkï prgtgaig igsgavl`vgr ufnnp`bknêël Nairlbi sbfp`gs (klfl uf pgqugal sbstgfn ig kninstrl), pligfls,sg qubsgrfls, inr prblrbinig n qugstël SWM@BKL, prlkurnail igsgavl`vgrsun np`bknêël Nairlbi pnrn ufn vgrsël fnbs natbjn, plrâf, nbain AËLLM[L@GYN . Njlrn sg vlkï igsgavl`vgr ufn np`bknêël Nairlbi khgbn igfubtls rgkursls, kuols klfplagatgs sû gxbstgf gf vgrs÷gs fnbs ntunbs ilsbstgfn, igvgfls inr prblrbinig n qugstël TG][ËL il [.L.



>9

Knpbtu`l = Bastn`nail gKladbjurnail n Dgrrnfgatn igIgsgavl`vbfgatl pnrn Nairlbi

nrn n g`nmlrnêël igssn alvn vgrsël il fntgrbn`, dbz l usl in alvndgrrnfgatn ig igsgavl`vbfgatl pnrn Nairlbi, l Nairlbi [tuibl(mnsgnil an dgrrnfgatn Batg``bO BIGN). Snrn qug n dgrrnfgatn ig

igsgavl`vbfgatl duakblag â agkgssîrbl qug vlkï tgahn bastn`nil, natgs igtuil, n Fîquban Tbrtun` Onvn (ig prgdgrïakbn n vgrsël : lu plstgrblr). Mlf,fëls n lmrn.

=.>) N dgrrnfgatn ig igsgavl`vbfgatl Nairlbi [tuibl

Hî n`juf tgfpl ntrîs n dgrrnfgatn ig igsgavl`vbfgatl Gk`bpsg klf l p`ujbaNIY dlknil pnrn l igsgavl`vbfgatl Nairlbi (ouatl klf l Nairlbi [IE),igbxlu ig sgr n dgrrnfgatn ig igsgavl`vbfgatl ldbkbn` pnrn Nairlbi, sgail

in fubtls prljrnfnilrgsusnf g`n).

Njlrn l Jllj`g niltlu klfl dgrrnfgatn ldbkbn` ig igsgavl`vbfgatl l Nairlbi[tuibl (mnsgnin g baspbrnin an dgrrnfgatn Batg``bO BIGN) , laig pligflsigsgavl`vgr alssns np`bknê÷gs pnrn Nairlbi utb`bznail n `bajunjgf igprljrnfnêël Onvn. Tgonfls n dbjurn in BIG an bfnjgf sgjubatg ?

S



>7

N dgrrnfgatn ig igsgavl`vbfgatl Nairlbi [tuibl

=.=) Lmsgrvnê÷gs jgrnbs slmrg l Nairlbi [tuibl

N dgrrnfgatn Nairlbi [tuibl gaklatrn-sg ibsplaævg` pnrn ilwa`lni al sguntun` sbtg ldbkbn` ? https?//igvg`lpgr.nairlbi.klf/sie/baigx.htf .̀ Gbs npîjban il sbtg knrrgjnin nmnbxl ?

[btg ldbkbn` in dgrrnfgatn Nairlbi [tuibl



>4

AËL MNBXG N TG][ËL [WJG]BIN SG@L [BYG

Bssl fgsfl `gbtlr, AËL B]GFL[ MNBXN] n vgrsël sujgrbin pg`l sbtgn klf l

Nairlbi [IE).

prlkgssnilr, suplrtg n nkg`grnêël ig HN]IZN]G g gtk.

Slssbvg`fgatg vlkï (qug gstî `gail gssg fntgrbn`) g lutrns pgsslns ,gaklatrnrnf fubtls prlm`gfns iurnatg n kladbjurnêël g gxgkuêël in vgrsël

Gf rgsplstn n n`juas `gbtlrgs ins fbahns nplstb`ns, rgklfgaigb qug pnrn AËLW[GF n dgrrnfgatn Nairlbi [tuibl, igvbil n tlin gssn prlm`gfîtbkn

[L@WÊËL FNB[ TBÎTG@ (G N@YNFGAYG) ]GKLFGAININ

Igplbs ig n`jufns naî`bsgs g pgsqubsns slmrg l Nairlbi [tuibl, igsklmrb ufnsl`uêël fnbs vbîvg` g prîtbkn pnrn usnrfls gssn alvn dgrrnfgatn (ldbkbn`) sgffubtls prlm`gfns (baigpgaigatg in kladbjurnêël ig sunfîquban).

L bign` pnrn qugf dlr prljrnfnr al Nairlbi [tuibl â mnbxnrfls tlils ls sgus

Nairlbi [tuibl (sgf l [IE) g l Nairlbi [IE (nvu`sl) rgn`bznail sunskladbjurnê÷gs ig dlrfn baigpgaigatg.



>:

=.;) Mnbxnail g kladbjurnail ls klfplagatgs in dgrrnfgatn igigsgavl`vbfgatl

=.;.>) N Fîquban Tbrtun` Onvn

Mlf, klfl tlil mlf prljrnfnilr igvg snmgr, pnrn babkbnrfls l alssligsgavl`vbfgatl klf Nairlbi igvgfls tgr bastn`nil (klfl prâ-rgqubsbtl ilNairlbi [tuibl g il Nairlbi [IE) n Fîquban Tbrtun` Onvn.

Klfl snmgr sg gu tgahl n Fîquban Tbrtun` Onvn bastn`nin <

klfnail ?

Dgbtl bsslpligfls vgr n sgjubr ?



>8

Srlfpt ig klfnail il Zbailws

Gxpgrbfgatg njlrn ibjbtnr l sgjubatg klfnail nmnbxl?

onvn vgrsbla

[g flstrnr n sgjubatg fgasnjgf n sgjubr ?

Fîquban Tbrtun` Onvn bastn`nin al klfputnilr



>2

[bjabdbkn qug vlkï tgf n Fîquban Tbrtun` Onvn gf sgu klfputnilr, SL]ÂF,an vgrsël il Nairlbi [tuibl utb`bznin agstn nplstb`n (vgrsël >.>.3) sgrî prgkbslqug sun Fîquban Tbrtun` Onvn sgon fnbs ntun`bznin (klfl l il

Tbrtun` Onvn.

Njlrn, sg nl ibjbtnr l klfnail sl`bkbtnil npnrgkgr ?

[un Fîquban Tbrtun` Onvn aël sg gaklatrn bastn`nin

[bjabdbkn qug vlkï prgkbsn rgn`bznr l ilwa`lni in Fîquban Tbrtun` Onvn, plbs nfgsfn aël sg gaklatrn bastn`nin al klfputnilr.

Snrn dnzgr l ilwa`lni in Fîquban Tbrtun` Onvn mnstn nmrbr l sgjubatg `bae gfsgjubin ?

http?//www.lrnk`g.klf/tgkhagtwlre/onvn/onvnsg/ilwa`lnis/oie:-ilwa`lnis->883=43.htf`<ss[lurkg[btgBi6ltapt

Dgbtl bssl igvgrî sg nmrbr n sgjubatg pîjban gf sgjubin?



=3

Sîjban ig ilwa`lni il Onvn :

Srlkurg pg`n vgrsël fnbs rgkgatg il Onvn : (mnstnail rl`nr n pîjban ntâgfmnbxl). Dgbtl bssl nkgbtg ls tgrfls ig klatrntl g rgn`bzg l ilwa`lni ilnrqubvl ig bastn`nêël, kladlrfg â flstrnil gf sgjubin?=.=.>) N FîqubanTbrtun` Onvn



=>

Mnbxnail n Fîquban Tbrtun` Onvn

N bastn`nêël in Fîquban Tbrtun` Onvn â mgf sbfp`gs, mnstn br sgjubail tlin nlrbgatnêël gxbmbin iurnatg n bastn`nêël (p

=.;.=) L Nairlbi [IE

Igplbs ig bastn`nil n Fîquban Tbrtun` gf sgu klfputnilr, vnfls mnbxnr g

kladbjurnr njlrn l Nairlbi [IE qug brgfls utb`bznr ouatl klf l Nairlbi [tuibl.Klfl dn`gb, l Nairlbi [IE qug oî vgf kladbjNairlbi [tuibl vnb rgqugrgr fubtl ig sun fîquban (g plssbvg`fgatg brî

vbsbtnr l sgjubatg `bae ?

https?//igvg`lpgr.nairlbi.klf/sie/baigx.htf`<h`6b

Nkgbtnail lstgrfls in `bkgaên.

Mnbxnail n Fîquban Tbrtun` Onvn



==

Al `bae nprgsgatnil rl`g n pîjban nmnbxl g prlkurg n

[gêël [IE Yll`s La`y

vgrsël supgrblr sgrvg). Mnstn k`bknr al -pnrn nmrbr n sgjubatg knbxn ig ibî`ljl gf sgjubin ?



=;

Onag`n ig Ygrfls g Klaibê÷gs

=-sgrî gxbmbin n sgjubatg knbxn ig ibî`ljl gf sgjubin ?

Knbxn ig ibî`ljl ig ilwa`lni il Nairlbi [IE



=9

Npûs gdgtunr l ilwa`lni il Nairlbi [IE, vnfls gxgkutnr l sgu bastn`nilr.Dgbtl vgrgfls n sgjubatg tg`n gf sgjubin ?

Bastn`nêël il Nairlbi [IE

NlTbrtun` Onvn bastn`nin gf sgu klfputnilr (klfl prâ-rgqubsbtl), kladlrfgpligfls vgr an dbjurn sgjubatg ?

LM[ ? Knsl vlkï qugbrn utb`bznr n fgsfn vgrsël il Nairlbi [IE qug gstîsgail utb`bznin nqub an lmrn, sgjug nmnbxl l `bae pnrn ilwa`lni ?

http?//i`.jllj`g.klf/nairlbi/bastn``gr\r=9.>.=-wbailws.gxg



=7


gtnpn sgjubatg â qugstblanil pnrn qunbs usuîrbls sgrî igstbanil l nkgssl nlNairlbi [IE. Agssn lpêël n gskl`hn dbkn plr sun klatn.




=4

K`bknail gf pligfls gskl`hgr l `lkn` laig n dgrrnfgatn sgrî bastn`nin,kladlrfg flstrn n dbjurn sgjubatg ?


Mlf, agstn gtnpn brgfls igdbabr KLFL SNI]ËL Pnairlbi\siePkladlrfg pligfls vgr gf sgjubin ?

Fuinail l ibrgtûrbl ig bastn`nêël



=:

Aî prûxbfn gtnpn igdbabfls l alfg in pnstn qug sgrî gxbmbin al fgau babkbnrqug sgrvbrî klfl ntn`hl pnrn babkbnrfls ns dgrrnfgatns ldgrgkbins pg`lNairlbi [IE. Nqub aël prgkbsnrgfls flibdbknr anin, igbxg klfl gstî.


pnrn babkbnrfls n bastn`nêël, kladlrfg flstrn nprûxbfn dbjurn ?



=8


flstrn n prûxbfn dbjurn ?




=2

Dban`bznail n bastn`nêël il Nairlbi [IE

Npûs n sgjubatg knbxn ig ibî`ljl il



;3

Ntrnvâs il Nairlbi [IE brgfls mnbxnr g kladbjurnr tlils ls rgkurslsagkgssîrbls qug sgrël utb`bznils iurnatg l igsgavl`vbfgatl ins alssnsnp`bknê÷gs pnrn Nairlbi al Nairlbi [tuibl.

Nqub pnrn tgstnrfls g gxgkutnrfls ns alssn np`bknê÷gs gf Nairlbi dnrgflsusl ig uf gfu`nilr qug brî sbfu`nr uf ibsplsbtbvl klf l sbstgfn Nairlbi. Alflfgatl il igsgavl`vbfgatl igstg fntgrbn`, n vgrsël ldgrgkbin il sbstgfnNairlbi grî n vgrsël 7.> (@l``bplp). Gssn vgrsël nbain aël jnahluplpu`nrbinig, `ljl, brgfls utb`bznr n vgrsël 9.3.; (Bkg krgnf [naiwbsh), sgailgstn n vgrsël fnbs utb`bznin pg`l fuail al flfgatl gf ibsplsbtbvls Nairlbi.



;>

Tnfls al Nairlbi [IE tlins ns lpê÷gs fnrknins plr pnirëlpg`n dgrrnfgatn g fnrknr ns lpê÷gs n sgjubr ?

Nairlbi [IE S`ntdlrf-tll`s (fnrknr n vgrsël fnbs ntun`)

Nairlbi [IE Mub`i-tll`s (fnrknr n vgrsël fnbs ntun`bznin)



;=

Snkenjgprûxbfn dbjurn ?



;;

Dgbtl bssl sgrî nmgrtn n sgjubatg knbxn ig ibî`ljl n sgjubr?

Knbxn ig ibî`ljl Khllsg Snkenjgs tl Bastn``

(kladlrfg igstnknil nkbfn). Snrn sl`ukblanrfls bsslm



;9

Dgbtl bssl tgrgfls l sgjubatg rgsu`tnil ?

Knbxn ig ibî`ljl Khllsg Snkenjgs tl Bastn``

gxbmbin n sgjubatg knbxn ig ibî`ljl n sgjubr ?



Bastn`nêël ils pnkltgs sg`gkblanils

Njunrig n bastn`nêël g kladbjurnêël ig tlils ls pnkltgs ntrnvâs il Nairlbi[IE Fnanjgr. Igplbs ibssl, pligfls dgkhnr l Nairlbi [IE Fnanjgr.

=.;.;) L Nairlbi [tuibl

Njlrn pnrn dban`bznr, vnfls mnbxnr g kladbjurnr l Nairlbi [tuibl. L ilwa`lnigaklatrn-sg an fgsfn pîjban laig mnbxnfls l Nairlbi [IE

(https?//igvg`lpgr.nairlbi.klf/sie/baigx.htf`<h`6b)

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