O Navio de Pesquisa Hidroceanográfico “Vital de Oliveira” e as Perspectivas de Desenvolvimento de

Programas Globais em Ciências do Mar no Atlântico Sul (“Multiciência Marinha”)

M. Araujo1,2 et al.

1UFPE, INPE, USP, FURG, UERJ, UFC, UFBA, UFRJ, UFF, ... 2Rede Brasileira de Pesquisas sobre Mudanças Climáticas Globais - Rede CLIMA

IV Simpósio de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação da Marinha “Parceria Academia, Empresa e Governo: Propulsora do Desenvolvimento

Científico, Tecnológico e de Inovação”

Centro de Convenções Rebouças São Paulo/SP, 30-31 de outubro de 2017

A Batalha (Geofísica) do Atlântico

ITCZ

3

AMOC

“bottle necks”

PMOC

“bottle neck”

A Autoestrada da Borda Oeste

Kuhlbroedt et al. (2007)

The interaction between

the hemispheres is

focused on the western

boundary !

4

Um agravante: As Mudanças Climáticas Globais

Le Quéré et al. (2015)

Vostok ice core data/J.R. Petit et al.; NOAA Mauna Loa CO2 record

IPCC-AR5 (2013)

5

Agulhas leakage:

2 - 15 Sv

(1 Sv 106 m3/s)

6 – 10 rings/year

1.4 - 4 Sv/decade

!

Um agravante: As Mudanças Climáticas Globais

(1964-2014)

SAWP

(1964-2014)

Courtesy: E. Campos

Os Esforços de Observação no Atlântico

Courtesy: P. Brandt

Zona Econômica Exclusiva N e NE – TAMOC 11oS

7

TAMOC – Tropical Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation O “quebra-cabeças” da AMOC

PIs: M. Araujo (UFPE), P. Brandt (GEOMAR)

R/V Meteor NPqHo. V. Oliveira (H-39)

Comissões: ME1: 2000-2004 ME2: 2013-2018

Hummels et al. (2015)

Agulhas leakage AMOC!

Rhein et al. (2013)

Ice melting AMOC !

TAMOC-RACE

11oS Array

RAPID/MOCHA (26oN)

Beal et al. (2011)

Os Esforços de Observação no Atlântico

Courtesy: P. Brandt

Zona Econômica Exclusiva – REVIZEE N e NE

9

Araujo et al. (2004, 2011, 2014, 2017)

Zona Econômica Exclusiva REVIZEE N e NE

- uADCP, CTD

- N, P, Si ... series

- MES, Chla

- Phyto, Zoo

- Necton, , Neuston

- OD, pH

Comissões:

NE1, NE2, NE3, NE4 (1995-2000) N1, N2, N3, N4 (1996-2001)

NOc. Antares (H-40)

Thanks to REVIZEE !

10

- ADCP, CTD

- N, P, Si ... series

- MES, Chla

- Phyto, Zoo

- Necton, , Neuston

- DIC, TAlk, pH

- O2, u-pCO2

ILHAS OCEÂNICAS TROPICAIS - Proarquipélago

FN

SPSP

Rocas

PIs: M. Araujo (UFPE), S. Neumann-Leitão (UFPE), R. Schwamborn (UFPE), A. Bertrand (IRD)

P1

P2

P3

P4

P5

P6

P7

P8

S1

S2 S3

S4

S5

S6

S7

S8

S9

S10

S11S12

S13

S14S15

S16

S17

S18

S19

S20S21

S22

S23

S24

S25

S26

S27S28

S29 S30

S31 S32

S33

S34

S35

S36S37

S38

S39

S40

S41

S42

S43S44

S45

S46S47S48S49

S50S51

S52 S53

S54

Comissões: CF I : Mar. 2011 CF II : Oct. 2012 CF IV : Aug. 2014 Abracos I: Out. 2015 Abracos II: Apr. 2016

R/V Antea

NHo. Cruzeiro Sul (H-38)

The simultaneous acquisition of atmospheric and oceanic data from FNEO (East South

America) and Cape Verde Ocean/Atmospheric Observatory (CVOO/CVAO) will provide highly

valuable information about processes at the ocean-atmosphere interface and for understanding

and modeling/predicting the variability and long-term changes in tropical Atlantic climate.

Fernando de Noronha Experimental Observatory - FNEO

(GAW, Oct. 2017)

F. Noronha C. Verde

PIs: M. Araujo (UFPE), P. Nobre (INPE), et al.

Fernando de Noronha Experimental Observatory - FNEO

STD-SST (oC)

GDC/NOAA and OAFLUX (1984-2008)

CV

FN

CV

FN

CV

FN

CV

FN

Ocean: - Transect : T/S, currents, biogeochemistry (nutrients, u-pCO2, O2), biology (plancton), u-microplastics, …. - Mooring: T/S, currents, biogeochemistry (pCO2), micropl. traps.

Fernando de Noronha Experimental Observatory - FNEO

Atmosphere: - OMM – Meteo station - GHG (CH4 , CO2, H2O, …).

Criação da Capitania dos Portos e Estação Científica de F. Noronha:

Uma bela oportunidade de Cooperação Academia-Empresa-Governo

Fonte: EMAUD/PUC-RJ e SECIRM

Os Esforços de Observação do Atlântico

Courtesy: P. Brandt

Margem Equatorial – Continuum Rio Amazonas-Oceano

15

Margem Equatorial Continuum Rio Amazonas-Oceano

Courtesy: E. Molinas

GPCP data

Amazon River

16

- uADCP, CTD

- N, P, Si ... series

- MES, Chla

- Phyto, Zoo

- Necton, , Neuston

- DIC, TAlk, pH

- u-pCO2

NHo. Cruzeiro Sul (H-38)

Comissões:

CF III : Oct.-Nov. 2012 CF V : Aug. 2014

Margem Equatorial PI: M. Araujo (UFPE)

17

ATM

SINK OF CO2

SOURCE OF CO2

Sea surface salinity at 38oW most affected by Amazon

discharge (~1 month lag)

Lefèvre et al. (2016, 2017)

Araujo et al. (2015, 2017)

Margem Equatorial Continuum Rio Amazonas-Oceano

18

1995

1996

1997 1998 2000 2005 2009 2014

Setup

Planning

Phase

Pilot

Phase

(MoU-1)

Consolidation

Phase

(MoU-2)

(MoU-3)

2006

2007

2008

CLIVAR-WCRP

(1st Review)

2017

2018

(MoU-4)

TAOS

(2nd Review underway)

PIRATA - Prediction and Research moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic

PIs: B. Bourlès (LEGOS/IRD), M. Araujo (UFPE), ...

1st ATLAS buoy

deployed on

Sept 11, 1997

at 0°N-10°W

19

PIRATA - Prediction and Research moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic

Maintained by Brazil:

8 ATLAS buoys Maintained by France

6 ATLAS buoys

Maintained by USA:

4 ATLAS buoys

20

2015/16 Additions:

OTN ChiPod

+ CMs

PIRATA - Prediction and Research moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic

Science from PIRATA (*)

Total: 2.682.000 files

(*) Not included MSc. Disser. and PhD. thesis

Open Data Policy Capacity building

- Students from all over West Africa to study the physics, chemistry and biology of the ocean;

- Lecturers from: France (UPS, LEGOS, ...), Benin (UAC) and Brazil (UFPE);

- 90 students formed (Benin, Ivory Coast, Cameroon, Togo, Ghana, Senegal, Nigeria);

- Continued in PhD: in France, Brazil, South Africa, Germany, Canada, Cameroon, Benin,

Master in Physical

Oceanography

and Application - M2 OPA

(Cotonou, Benin)

Real Time: Hourly and Daily mean data;

Delayed Mode: High frequency (1 min to 1 h) stored data.

!

DATA SHARING, GOOD SCIENCE AND CAPACITY BUILDING:

KEY COMPONENTS FOR A TRANSATLANTIC COOPERATION

PROGRAM

PIRATA - Prediction and Research moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic

Principal Investigators: 1) INPE - Paulo Nobre 2) INPE - Ronald Buss 3) UFPE - Moacyr Araujo 4) UFBA - Vanessa Hatje 5) UFBA - Gisele Rocha 6) UERJ - Leticia Cotrim 7) UFF - André Belém 8) UFC - Antonio Geraldo 9) FURG - Felipe Niencheski 10) CHM - Marcio Borges

PIRATA-BR XVII Western Tropical Atlantic Multi-science Cruise

25 Oct. 2017 – 15 Jan. 2018

Courtesy: P. Nobre

1) Validation of BESM Full Depth T-S & circulation in the Tropical Atlantic (P. Nobre, INPE) 2) Turbulent fluxes and marine boundary layer in the tropical Atlantic (R. Souza, INPE) 3) Variability of the Boundary Circulation Systems at 11°S off Brazil – TAMOC (M. Araujo, UFPE) 4) Rare Earth Elements, Nd isotopes and perfluoralkylated compounds in the Western Tropical Atlantic Ocean – GEOTRACES (V. Hatje, UFBA) 5) Medições de particulados atmosféricos em ambiente marinho G. Rocha, UFBA) 6) Western tropical Atlantic biogeochemistry (L. C. Cotrim, UERJ) 7) Dinâmica Meridional de interação oceano-atmosfera no Atlantico Sul - DiMAS e Oceanografia do Atlântico Sul e Interconexões Climáticas – OASIS (A. Belém, UFF) 8) Sampling for the study of the diversity of the microbiota in marine aerosols and oceanic surface micro-layer (A. Geraldo, UFC) 9) Elementos Traços e seus Isótopos na Costa Brasileira (F. Niencheski, FURG) 10) Bifurcação da Corrente Sul Equatorial (M. Borges, CHM)

PIRATA-BR XVII Western Tropical Atlantic Multi-science Cruise

10 projetos embarcados !

PIRATA-BR XVII Western Tropical Atlantic Multi-science Cruise

25/10/2017 17-18h

Bons ventos e bom mar !

Os Esforços de Observação do Atlântico

Courtesy: P. Brandt

Margem Sub-tropical - MOVAR, SAMOC, FORSA e INTERCONF

26

Banda Sub-tropical Regiões SE e S

Brazil

SACZ

Courtesy: E. Campos

High Res. XBT line AX97

MOVAR - Observing Brazil Current Variability between Rio de Janeiro and Trindade Island

Courtesy: M. Mata

15 mn XBTs

Comissões: Ago./2004 até hoje (3 meses)

NHi. Sirius (H-21)

PIs: M. Mata (FURG), M. Cirano (UFRJ), G. Goni (NOAA)

Observed variability is greater than seasonal variability alone. I.e. strong role of eddies both in the western boundary and clote to Vitoria-Trindade Seamounts

Courtesy: M. Mata

MOVAR - Observing Brazil Current Variability between Rio de Janeiro and Trindade Island

29

Mova

r

Atlas-

B

SAMOC Basin-wide Array

(SAMBA)

SAMOC - South Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation SAMBA – SAMOC Brazilian Array

PIs: E. Campos (USP), S. Speich (ENS), I. Ansorge (UCT)

R/V Alpha Crucis

Courtesy: E. Campos

Following Ocean Rings in the South Atlantic FORSA

Cape Town (South Africa) – Arraial do Cabo-RJ (Brazil)

27 June 2015 – 15 July 2015

M. Araujo4, M.P. Araujo3, J.L. Azevedo1, L. Bruto4, R. Freitas2,5,

C. Fujita1, R. Keim3, L. Lopes1, L.F. Mendonça2,5, F. Miranda3,

F. Oliveira1, P. Oliveira5, D. Ortiz1 , F. Piedras3, L. Pinho3,

M. Santini2,5, R. Santos3, I. Silveira2

1FURG, 2INPE, 3UERJ, 4UFPE, 5UFSM

NPqHo. Vital de Oliveira (H-39)

FORSA Cruise – Following Ocean Rings in the South Atlantic CapCape Town (SA) – Arraial do Cabo-RJ (BR)

June-July 2015

« Multiciência

Marinha »

FORSA Cruise – Following Ocean Rings in the South Atlantic

Indian (warm-salty-low O2) waters into the Atlantic

FORSA Cruise – Following Ocean Rings in the South Atlantic

salty warm low O2

V1

Ocean-atmosphere exchanges/O-A boundary-layers dynamics

V1

ABL ABL

FORSA Cruise – Following Ocean Rings in the South Atlantic

Ocean acidification – Air-sea CO2 exchange

V3

SEA as CO2 Sink

CO2SW

CO2ATM

FORSA Cruise – Following Ocean Rings in the South Atlantic

Brazil-Malvinas Confluence region:

10 years-long observational effort

INTERCONF - Brazil-Malvinas Confluence region

PIs: R. Souza (INPE), L. Pezzi (INPE)

Courtesy: R. Souza

INTERCONF - Brazil-Malvinas Confluence region

Ocean-atmosphere exchanges/O-A boundary-layers dynamics

Courtesy: R. Souza

Agradecimentos

Cordialidade,

Competência,

Presteza !

O Navio de Pesquisa Hidroceanográfico “Vital de Oliveira” e as Perspectivas de Desenvolvimento de

Programas Globais em Ciências do Mar no Atlântico Sul (“Multiciência Marinha”)

M. Araujo1,2 et al.

1UFPE, INPE, USP, FURG, UERJ, UFC, UFBA, UFRJ, UFF, ... 2Rede Brasileira de Pesquisas sobre Mudanças Climáticas Globais - Rede CLIMA

IV Simpósio de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação da Marinha “Parceria Academia, Empresa e Governo: Propulsora do Desenvolvimento

Científico, Tecnológico e de Inovação”

Centro de Convenções Rebouças São Paulo/SP, 30-31 de outubro de 2017