os códigos, as linguagens, as máquinas e e ... Triathlon... “TUDO é software”? :-)

uma VISÃO em 3 atos…

1. os códigos e as linguagens2. as (novas?) máquinas…

3. estudo de caso: joa no triathlon

por jones albuquerque DEINFO-UFRPEISI-TICs / INES

1º. ato

códigos

linguagense máquinas

e triathlon

2010, SCIAM, Endangered Species: Humans Might Have Faced Extinction 1 Million Years Agohttp://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=early-human-population-size-genetic-diversity

era uma vez…

a gente!

a necessidade de se expressar, e computar... em códigos !

THE ISHAGO BONE, 38.000 BC (???)Origins of Mathematics in the Bunyoro-kitara and Kalahari regions of sub Saharan Africa nearly 40,000 years ago

códigos...

Ancient Chemical Symbols. Psychoanalytic Review, 14:200-206, 1927

Chineses: pictograms, ideograms, iconically…

1436 BC…

1800 – 1050 BC to 1955…

a escrita

maiscódigos...

The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Writing SystemsDOI 10.1111/b.9780631214816.1999.x

origens da LÍNGUAS faladashttp://pandora.cii.wwu.edu/vajda/ling201/test1materials/origin_of_language.htm

4000 BC www.phoenician.org

ALFABETOS - códigosPortuguês

Grego

http://www.historum.com/ancient-history/1001-most-influential-ancient-civilizations-9.html

www.nature.com/

Nature 426, 435-439(27 November 2003)doi:10.1038/nature02029

códigos antigos X modernos…

Vale do Catimbau – Buíque - PE

GrafitePichação…

X

1453 BC 2013 AC

léxico, sintático, semântico

errado? em relação a que código?

Gramática Da Língua Portuguesa (sebo Amigo)http://produto.mercadolivre.com.br

R$ 10,00

o SENSO numéricohttp://educar.sc.usp.br/matematica/let2.htm#let2a1

quantas pessoas de cada lado?

o caso do corvo de Dantzig

e o da galinha de joa

e agora… quantas pessoas de cada lado? e quantos seres vivos?

a necessidade de computar...

os códigos matemáticos... os NÚMEROShttp://pessoal.sercomtel.com.br/matematica/fundam/numeros/numeros.htm

um fato: ISHANGO bonehttp://www.math.buffalo.edu/mad/Ancient-Africa/ishango.html

o SENSO numéricohttp://educar.sc.usp.br/matematica/let2.htm#let2a1

representação do complexo códigos mais densos!http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessiano

um resumo da “codificação” matemática…

até onde conseguimos ler o que está

escrito?http://library.thinkquest.org/22584/emh1000.htm

e a representação do complexo? códigos mais densos!...http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessiano

é a jacobiana, derivada do gradiente…

aplicaçoes???

2º. ato

códigos

linguagens

e máquinase triathlon

Comp 4 Computer Programming Slide 21

Here’s some machine code from a MIPS processor:

00000000101000010000000000011000

00000000100011100001100000100001

10001100011000100000000000000000

10001100111100100000000000000100

10101100111100100000000000000000

10101100011000100000000000000100

00000011111000000000000000001000

Okay... did that make sense? Probably not.

• source: http://www.eas.asu.edu/~gupta/intro.html

Comp 4 Computer Programming Slide 22

Lets look at it in MIPS assembly language:

swap:

muli $2, $5,4

add $2, $4,$2

lw $15, 0($2)

lw $16, 4($2)

sw $16, 0($2)

sw $15, 4($2)

jr $31

Now does that make sense? Better, but still cryptic.• source: http://www.eas.asu.edu/~gupta/intro.html

Comp 4 Computer Programming Slide 23

What about a high level language, like C swap(int v[], int k) {

int temp;

temp = v[k];

v[k] = v[k+1];

v[k+1] = temp;

}

This probably still doesn’t make sense to most of you. That’s okay. However, you could probably parse it after I explained what everything was.

• source: http://www.eas.asu.edu/~gupta/intro.html

escrita + números... MUITOS códigos

linguagens e máquinas...

/http://www.chomsky.info/1928, Professor in Department of Linguistics & Philosophy at MIT

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Turing

1912 - 1954

a necessidade de se expressar e computar automaticamente...

os códigos e as linguagens, 1936... a máquina de turing

computer languages

http://www.levenez.com/lang/

máquinas? programáveis? qual o código? a linguagem?

computers? what kind of?

humanoidshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NJdiNBRwDW0

ride a bikehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mT3vfSQePcs

footballhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4B_sB0q4IDU

2013, aug, El robot japonés Kirobo viaja al espacio para una misión histórica

: http://www.rtve.es/noticias/20130804/kirobo-robot-habla-viaja-espacio-para-mision-historica/730541

a revolução pode ser antecipada?http://terramagazine.terra.com.br/silviomeira/blog/2013/10/04/a-revoluo-pode-ser-antecipada/

outras máquinas com seus códigos e linguagens… Moving Things Around

¿O QUE é isso?

mais NOVOS códigos…

A famous and simple one: Game of Life

• Take a look at this applet– http://www.bitstorm.org/gameoflife/

• MATHEMATICAL GAMESThe fantastic combinations of John Conway's new solitaire game "life"

• Scientific American, 223 (October 1970): 120-123.

Rule 30 - 1000 iterações

Flows in Rule 110!!

Rule 110, 150 steps

natural biotic types

Patterns of some seashells, like the ones in Conus and Cymbiola genus, are generated by natural CA.

http://www.answers.com/topic/cellular-automaton

arts

CA music generator

MUSIC is a code by machine...

Let´s take a bit of time with this site– http://tones.wolfram.com/

What can we do with this?

ANKOS – A New Kind of Simulatora cellular automata framework for computational epidemiology

www.epischisto.org

fishy.com.br

A case study…SchistosomiasisCarne de Vaca – GO Ponta do Canoé!

2006 – 2007, data collect in-loco

2006 – 2007, data collect in-loco

http://200.17.137.109:8081/xiscanoe/infra-estrutura/expedicoes

Figure 1.

Adjusted Pre lavence

0to 10 (3)10to

20 (32)

20to 30 (11)30to 50 (3)

Stream

Prevalence per 100 hab

0 to 1 (15)1 20 (17)

20 60 (14)60 80 (2)80 100 (1)

Breeding sites

to

to

toto

water-collecting tank

R iacho D oce

1a. P revalence 1b. Adjusted Prevalence

Male Female Total

Age group Pop1 Posit2 Prev3 Pop Posit Prev Pop Posit Prev

up to 9 99 7 7.1 100 3 3.0 199 10 5.0

10 to 19 109 26 23.9 99 24 24.2 208 50 24.0

20 to 29 76 31 40.8 90 21 23.3 166 52 31.3

30 to 39 88 18 20.5 103 23 22.3 191 41 21.5

>= 40* 141 14 9.9 168 18 10.7 310 32 10.3

unreported 16 3 18.8 10 2 20.0 26 5 19.2

Total 529 99 18.71 570 91 15.96 1100 190 17.3

* No information on sex for one individual. 1 population. 2 Number of positives. 3 Prevalence per 100 inhabitants.

Spatial pattern, water use and risk levels associated with the transmission of schistosomiasis on the north coast of Pernambuco, Brazil. Cad. Saúde Pública vol.26 no.5 Rio de Janeiro May 2010.http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2010000500023

2008 – 2009, data analysis and reports...Parasitological exams on 1100 residents

2008 and 2009 data analysis and reports... Summary data for molluscs collected...

Ecological aspects and malacological survey to identification of transmission risk' sites for schistosomiasis in Pernambuco North Coast, Brazil. Iheringia, Sér. Zool. 2010, vol.100, n.1, pp. 19-24.http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0073-47212010000100003

Collecting Sites

Alive Dead Positive to S. mansoni

% de infection

I 0 0II 1707 129 4 0,23III 297 198 0 0IV 0 0V 0 0VI 0 0VII 2355 322 37 1,57VIII 76 125 3 3,95IX 0 0Total 4435 774 44 0,99

2009-2010, modelling with 15 real parameters (?)

Paremeter Ranges (avg) How were obtained?

Susceptible human population 0-23 social inquires (Paredes et al, 2010)

Infected human population 0-23 croposcological inquires (Paredes et al, 2010)

Recovered population of humans 0-23 social inquires (Paredes et al, 2010)

Rate of mobility of humans 0-26% social inquires (Paredes et al, 2010)

Rate of mobility of molluscs 0-2% malacological research (Souza et al, 2010)

Population of healthy molluscs 0-1302 malacological research (Souza et al, 2010)

Population of infected molluscs 0-11 malacological research (Souza et al, 2010)

Area susceptible to flooding 0-45%LAMEPE - Meteorological Laboratory of Pernambuco (lamepe, 2008) and environmental inquires (Souza et al, 2010)

Connection to other cells 0-100%LAMEPE - Meteorological Laboratory of Pernambuco (lamepe, 2008) and environmental inquires (Souza et al, 2010)

Rate of human infection 0-100% croposcological inquires and social inquires (Paredes et al, 2010)

Rate of human re-infection 0-100% croposcological inquires and social inquires (Paredes et al, 2010)

Recovery rate 0-100% croposcological inquires and social inquires (Paredes et al, 2010)

Mollusc infection rate 0-100% malacological research (Souza et al, 2010)

Rate of sanitation 0-93% social and environmental inquires (Souza et al, 2010)

Rainfall of the area 39-389mm LAMEPE - Meteorological Laboratory of Pernambuco (Lamepe, 2008)

From one year (population 1 snapshot, molluscs 12 snapshots)without previous historical...

a cellular automatonCellular automaton A is a set of four objects

A = <G, Z, N, f>, where• G – set of cells• Z – set of possible cells states• N – set, which describes cells neighborhood• f – transition function, rules of the automaton:

– Z|N|+1Z (for automaton, which has cells “with memory”)

– Z|N|Z (for automaton, which has “memoryless” cells)

Moore Neighbourhood (in grey) of the cell marked with a dot in a 2D square grid

one proposal: a top-down approach using a cellular automaton

a b

1 km

a ba b

1 km

simulation space, a 10x10 square grid

the dynamics

Mollusk population dynamicsa growth model for the number of individuals (N) that

considers the intrinsic growth rate (r) and the maximum sustainable yield or carrying capacity (C) defined at each

site (Verhulst, 1838): )1(

C

NrN

dt

dN

Human infection dynamics (SIR - SI)This model splits the human population into three compartments: S (for susceptible), I (for infectious) and R (for recovered and not susceptible to infection) and the snail population into

two compartments: MS (for susceptible mollusk) and MI (for infectious mollusk).

Socioeconomic and environmental factors

environmental quality of the nine collection sites in Carne de Vaca, according to the criteria of Callisto et al (Souza et al, 2010).

rteN

NCC

tN

0

01)(

the model calculates the local increase of population using equation 1 and calculating N(t+1) out from N(t). The values for r and C are set at each site and each time step, using monthly meteorological inputs and considering the ecological quality of the habitat(1)

αRχI=dt

dR

χI·S·Mp=dt

dI

αR+p·S·M=dt

dS

IH

I

ISMI

SSMS

rM·I·Mp=dt

dM

rM·I·Mp=dt

dM

(3a)

(3b)

Cells and infection forces

statesblack: rate of human infection = 100%;red: 80% ≤ rate of human infection < 100%;light red: 60% ≤ rate of human infection < 80%;yellow: 40% ≤ rate of human infection < 60%;light yellow: 20% ≤ rate of human infection < 40%;cyan: 0% ≤ rate of human infection < 20%.

infection forcesHumanS -> I (infected molluscs contact, pH)I -> R (if treated (1-α), χ)

MolluscsS -> I (infected human contact, pM)

the algorithm – like the GAME OF LIFE!

1. Choose a cell in the world; 2. For each human in the cell perform a random walk weighted by the “probability of movement" defined

at each site.

Repeat these steps for every cell in the world. Then update data.

3. Choose a cell in the world; 4. Call the “Events” process; 5. Return the individual to his original cell after the infection phase; 6. Choose a cell in the world; 7. For the mollusk population in that cell, perform a diffusion process weighted by the “rate of movement"

defined at each site;

Repeat these steps for every cell in the world. Then update data.

1. Increase the population of mollusks using the growth model described in Section 3.1; 2. Compute the transition between population compartments of humans using the set of equations (3b)

defined in Section 3.2; 3. Compute the transition between population compartments of humans using the set of equations (3a)

defined in Section 3.2;

Update local data of the spatial cell.

Events process

Main

S – SuscetibleI – InfectedR - Recuperate

coding... 4 DRISTIBUIÇÃO DAS CHUVAS Dados retirado da estação Goiana interpolacaoDados InterpolationdadosChuva;chuvaAreaAlagada A, d :a matrizAux A; Fori 1, i Dimensions A1, i ,

Forj 1, j Dimensions A2, j, ai, j Ai, j interpolacaoDados d 200; ReturnaPlotinterpolacaoDadosx, x, 1, 365, Epilog MapPoint, dadosChuva, AxesOrigin 1, 0, AxesLabel dias, mm³ ,ColorFunction Function x, y , Huey

Grafico ilustrativo da distribuição das chuvas durante o ano

rain

people

molusks

rivers

5 CRESCIMENTO DOS MOLUSCOS Função de Crescimento Populacional:Modelo de Verhulst nt, n0, l, k : Ifn0 l n0 Ek t 0, Return0, l n0 n0 l n0 Ek t função que retorna o número limite de molusco por celula limiteMoluscoi, j : areaAlagadai, j 40; Limite da população em função do ambiente constanteMolusco 0.02; constante de crescimento area alagavel de cada celula

sumulations

Mathematica 7.0 (Mathematica, 2011) with a processor Intel i5 3GHz, 4MB Cache, 8GB RAM.

Computational costs of a complete simulation when assuming a fixed world size (10x10 cells) and extent (365 time steps) and an increasing number of parameters being swept for rejection sampling (from 1 to 15)

simulationsDay 26 Day 43 Day 88

Day 106 Day 132 Day 365Color Legend

I = 100%80% ≤ I < 100%60% ≤ I < 80%40% ≤ I < 60%20% ≤ I < 40%0% ≤ I < 20%

(I = percentage of infected humans)

Temporal evolution

Day 26Day 26 Day 43Day 43 Day 88Day 88

Day 106Day 106 Day 132Day 132 Day 365Day 365Color Legend

I = 100%80% ≤ I < 100%60% ≤ I < 80%40% ≤ I < 60%20% ≤ I < 40%0% ≤ I < 20%

(I = percentage of infected humans)

Temporal evolution “according to the risk

indicator, in the scattering diagram of Moran represented in the Box Map (Figure 2), indicated 18 areas of highest risk for the schistosomiasis, all located in the central sector of the village. Areas with lower risk and areas of intermediate risk for occurrence of the disease were located in the north and central portions with some irregularity in the distribution”

Fieldworks to calibrate...

Simulations – previsibility...

2012 2017 2022 2027Color legend

I = 100%80% ≤ I < 100%60% ≤ I < 80%40% ≤ I < 60%20% ≤ I < 40%0% ≤ I < 20%

Predictive scenarios generated with the parameter calibration of the year 2007 that show endemic schistosomiasis. I stands for the average percentage of infected humans per spatial cell predicted by the model

e mais...

ahhh?…

Forbes!!!! ????… 6/28/2013!!!

tudo é mesmo software!! (?)

3º. ato

códigos

linguagens

e máquinas

estudos de caso by joa: esquistossomose e triathlon

era uma vez… os códigos

by Conway, Cellular Automata are “not just a game”

sim, esquistossomose é software!

e Triathlon também é software?

o código

o códigohttp://www.triathlon.org/about/downloads/category/rules

exemplos:

uniformeshttp://www.triathlon.org/uploads/docs/Age_Groups_uniforms_updated_on_9_09_2013.pdfcompetiçõeshttp://www.triathlon.org/uploads/docs/itusport_competition-rules-2013_final.pdfrankinghttp://www.triathlon.org/uploads/docs/ITU_World_Triathlon_Series_Ranking_Criteria.pdf

a linguagem

treinohttps://www.dropbox.com/s/io589xh6kyikd1u/Jones%20Oliveira%20de%20Albuquerque%20141013.pdf

nutriçãohttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11932-007-0039-2

https://www.dropbox.com/s/iz0d2yft71ix8q3/NutricaoParaTriathlon.pdf

Equipamento

bike…

http://www.trisports.com/all-triathlon-bicycles.html

tenis…

a máquinacomo programá-la?

em teste! WE HAVE SOME “BUGS” YET…

COLLAPSES

http://bit.ly/1aqVw7M

OTHER COLLAPSES

http://bit.ly/1hYzw8l

se TUDO é software

o que seremos então?

INFORMAÇÃO!!!

BYTES e mais BYTES!!

organizando a informação…

http://www.english.illinois.edu/-people-/faculty/debaron/403/403powerpoint/how.pdf

e ARMAZENANDO...

séculos de símbolos e expressões!!

informação na história da humanidadeOral cultures (> 1,000,000 years ago)

Painting (> 20,000 B.C.E.)

Writing (7,000 - 3800 B.C.E.)

Printing (+- 800 B.C.E. - 1456 C.E. )

Non-electronic Computation (1623 - 1940s)

Telegraphy (1844)

Telephone (1876)

Radio (1895)

Television (1929)

Electronic Computation ( +- 1945)

Computer networking (1969)

Commercial Internet (1990)

World Wide Web (1992)

????? (2030)DNAs…?

informação na história da humanidade: {ucb-emc report}

a informação

volume

acessibilidade

organização

comunicação

software

“tudo é software!”

BIG DATA

a internet das coisas! “smart*”

moravec &quando seremos ultrapassados?

para ler…First-ever human head transplant is now possible, says neuroscientist

http://qz.com/99413/first-ever-human-head-transplant-is-now-possible-says-neuroscientist/

Newton papershttp://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/collections/newton

The Mathematical Universe

http://arxiv.org/abs/0704.0646

Matriz Hessiana e Aplicações

https://www.dropbox.com/s/08cgdb7t31c66n0/notas-hessiana.pdf

Morals and Machine

http://www.economist.com/node/21556234

Assumindo que tudo é mesmo software:

Novos negócios innovadores de crescimento empreendedor no brasil

http://www.casadapalavra.com.br/livros/560/

Obrigado!

jones.albuquerque