Programação de Jogos - Design Patterns
27
{Programação de Jogos} Bruno Cicanci @ TDC SP 2015
-
Upload
bruno-cicanci -
Category
Technology
-
view
874 -
download
1
Transcript of Programação de Jogos - Design Patterns
{Programação de Jogos}Bruno Cicanci @ TDC SP 2015
{Design Patterns}
● Command● Flyweight● Observer● Prototype● States● Singleton
{Command: Problema}void InputHandler::handleInput(){ if (isPressed(BUTTON_X)) jump(); else if (isPressed(BUTTON_Y)) fireGun(); else if (isPressed(BUTTON_A)) swapWeapon(); else if (isPressed(BUTTON_B)) reloadWeapon();}
http://gameprogrammingpatterns.com/command.html
{Command: Solução}class Command{public: virtual ~Command() {} virtual void execute() = 0;};
class JumpCommand : public Command{public: virtual void execute() { jump(); }};
void InputHandler::handleInput(){ if (isPressed(BUTTON_X)) buttonX_->execute(); else if (isPressed(BUTTON_Y)) buttonY_->execute(); else if (isPressed(BUTTON_A)) buttonA_->execute(); else if (isPressed(BUTTON_B)) buttonB_->execute();}
http://gameprogrammingpatterns.com/command.html
{Command: Uso}● Input● Undo● Redo
{Flyweight: Problema}class Tree{private: Mesh mesh_; Texture bark_; Texture leaves_; Vector position_; double height_; double thickness_; Color barkTint_; Color leafTint_;};
http://gameprogrammingpatterns.com/flyweight.html
{Flyweight: Solução}class TreeModel{private: Mesh mesh_; Texture bark_; Texture leaves_;};
class Tree{private: TreeModel* model_;
Vector position_; double height_; double thickness_; Color barkTint_; Color leafTint_;};
http://gameprogrammingpatterns.com/flyweight.html
{Flyweight: Uso}● Milhares de instâncias● Tile maps
{Observer: Problema}void Physics::updateEntity(Entity& entity){ bool wasOnSurface = entity.isOnSurface(); entity.accelerate(GRAVITY); entity.update(); if (wasOnSurface && !entity.isOnSurface()) { notify(entity, EVENT_START_FALL); }}
http://gameprogrammingpatterns.com/observer.html
{Observer: Solução parte 1}class Observer
{
public:
virtual ~Observer() {}
virtual void onNotify(const Entity& entity, Event event) = 0;
};
class Achievements : public Observer
{
public:
virtual void onNotify(const Entity& entity, Event event)
{
switch (event)
{
case EVENT_ENTITY_FELL:
if (entity.isHero() && heroIsOnBridge_)
{
unlock(ACHIEVEMENT_FELL_OFF_BRIDGE);
}
break;
}
}
}; http://gameprogrammingpatterns.com/observer.html
{Observer: Solução parte 2}class Subject
{
private:
Observer* observers_[MAX_OBSERVERS];
int numObservers_;
protected:
void notify(const Entity& entity, Event event)
{
for (int i = 0; i < numObservers_; i++)
{
observers_[i]->onNotify(entity, event);
}
}
};
class Physics : public Subject{public: void updateEntity(Entity& entity);};
http://gameprogrammingpatterns.com/observer.html
{Observer: Uso}● Achievements● Efeitos sonoros / visuais● Eventos● Mensagens● Expirar demo● Callback async
{Prototype: Problema}class Monster{ // Stuff...};
class Ghost : public Monster {};class Demon : public Monster {};class Sorcerer : public Monster {};
http://gameprogrammingpatterns.com/prototype.html
class Spawner
{
public:
virtual ~Spawner() {}
virtual Monster* spawnMonster() = 0;
};
class GhostSpawner : public Spawner
{
public:
virtual Monster* spawnMonster()
{
return new Ghost();
}
};
{Prototype: Solução parte 1}class Monster{public: virtual ~Monster() {} virtual Monster* clone() = 0;
// Other stuff...};
http://gameprogrammingpatterns.com/prototype.html
class Ghost : public Monster {
public:
Ghost(int health, int speed)
: health_(health),
speed_(speed)
{}
virtual Monster* clone()
{
return new Ghost(health_, speed_);
}
private:
int health_;
int speed_;
};
{Prototype: Solução parte 2}class Spawner{public: Spawner(Monster* prototype) : prototype_(prototype) {} Monster* spawnMonster() { return prototype_->clone(); }private: Monster* prototype_;}; http://gameprogrammingpatterns.com/prototype.html
{Prototype: Uso}● Spawner● Tiros● Loot
{States: Problema}void Heroine::handleInput(Input input)
{
if (input == PRESS_B)
{
if (!isJumping_ && !isDucking_)
{
// Jump...
}
}
else if (input == PRESS_DOWN)
{
if (!isJumping_)
{
isDucking_ = true;
}
} http://gameprogrammingpatterns.com/state.html
else if (input == RELEASE_DOWN)
{
if (isDucking_)
{
isDucking_ = false;
}
}
}
{States: Solução}void Heroine::handleInput(Input input)
{
switch (state_)
{
case STATE_STANDING:
if (input == PRESS_B)
{
state_ = STATE_JUMPING;
}
else if (input == PRESS_DOWN)
{
state_ = STATE_DUCKING;
}
break;http://gameprogrammingpatterns.com/state.html
case STATE_JUMPING:
if (input == PRESS_DOWN)
{
state_ = STATE_DIVING;
}
break;
case STATE_DUCKING:
if (input == RELEASE_DOWN)
{
state_ = STATE_STANDING;
}
break;
}
}
{States: Uso}● Controle de animação● Fluxo de telas● Movimento do personagem
{Singleton: Problema}
“Garante que uma classe tenha somente uma instância E fornecer um ponto global de acesso para ela”
Gang of Four, Design Patterns
{Singleton: Solução}class FileSystem{public: static FileSystem& instance() { if (instance_ == NULL) instance_ = new FileSystem(); return *instance_; }private: FileSystem() {} static FileSystem* instance_;};
http://gameprogrammingpatterns.com/singleton.html
{Singleton: Uso}
“Friends don’t let friends create singletons”Robert Nystrom, Game Programming Patterns
{Outros Design Patterns}Double BufferGame LoopUpdate Method
BytecodeSubclass SandboxType Object
ComponentEvent QueueService Locator
Data LocalityDirty FlagObject PoolSpatial Partition
{Livro: Game Programming Patterns}
http://gameprogrammingpatterns.com
{Outros livros}FísicaPhysics for Game Developers
Computação Gráfica3D Math Primer for Graphics and Game
Game DesignGame Design WorkshopLevel Up! The Guide to Great Game Design
ProduçãoThe Game Production HandbookAgile Game Development with Scrum
ProgramaçãoCode CompleteClean Code
Programação de JogosGame Programming PatternsGame Programming Algorithms and TechniquesGame Coding Complete
Inteligência ArtificialProgramming Game AI by Example
{Blog: gamedeveloper.com.br}
![[CLPE] Design patterns com c#](https://static.fdocumentos.com/doc/165x107/555a3e55d8b42a83368b4e45/clpe-design-patterns-com-c.jpg)
