qarTuli ena da literatura - aris.ge · lisis saxelmwifo universitetis sibrZnismetyvelebis...

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rogor movemzadoT erTiani

erovnuli gamocdebisaTvis

qarTuli ena da literatura

savaldebulo gamocda

2015

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gamocdebis erovnuli centris qarTuli enisa da literaturis jgufi

sagamocdo krebuli warmoadgens `Sefasebisa da gamocdebis erovnuli cent-ris~ sakuTrebas da daculia saqarTvelos kanoniT _ `saavtoro da momijnave uflebebis Sesaxeb~. `Sefasebisa da gamocdebis erovnuli centris~ nebarTvis ga-reSe dauSvebelia teqstSi raime cvlilebis Setana, reproduqcia, Targmna da sxva saSualebebiT (rogorc beWdviTi, aseve eleqtronuli formiT) gavrceleba. agreTve, ikrZaleba sagamocdo krebulebis gamoyeneba komerciuli miznebisaTvis.

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s a r C e v i

Sesavali ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 sagamocdo programa ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5

I. qarTuli ena ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 II. qarTuli literatura ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6

misaRebi gamocdis moTxovnebi -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 testuri davalebebis nimuSebi da Sefasebis sqemebi ---------------------------------- 9

I. teqstis redaqtireba -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 a) davalebebis nimuSebi -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 b) Sefasebis kriteriumebi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 g) komentari ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15

II. argumentirebuli ese ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16 a) davalebebis nimuSebi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16 b) Sefasebis kriteriumebi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17 g) komentari ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19

III. wakiTxulis gaazreba da mxatvruli teqstis analizi ---------------------------- 20 a) davalebebis nimuSebi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20 b) wakiTxulis gaazrebis Sefasebis sqema ------------------------------------------------------- 76 g) mxatvruli teqstis analizis Sefasebis kriteriumebi ------------------------ 77 d) komentari ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 82

abiturientebis mier Sesrulebuli naSromebis nimuSebi ------------------------ 83 I. argumentirebuli ese ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 83 II. mxatvruli teqstis analizi --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 88

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Sesavali

qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagamocdo testSi 2015 welsac 3 davaleba iqneba:

I. teqstis redaqtireba (maqsimaluri qula 20); II. argumentirebuli ese (20 q.); III. wakiTxulis gaazreba da mxatvruli teqstis analizi (15 + 25 q.). wina wlebis msgavsad testis am ukanasknel nawilSi mocemuli iqneba 2 teqs-

ti: erTi _ poeturi da meore _ prozauli. amjeradac abiturienti Tavad air-Cevs am ori teqstidan erT-erTs, mxolod am teqstis gasaazrebel kiTxvebs upa-suxebs da amave teqstis analizs dawers.

amrigad, 2015 wels qarTuli enisa da literaturis testis maqsimaluri qula kvlav 80 iqneba.

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sagamocdo programa `qarTul enasa da literaturaSi~

(savaldebulo gamocda)

I. qarTuli ena

1. leqsikologia

sityva, misi pirdapiri da gadataniTi mniSvneloba; sityvis mniS-vnelobis cvla: gafarToeba da daviwroeba; sinonimebi, omonimebi, antonimebi, paronimebi, dialeqtizmebi, arqaizmebi, neologizmebi, nasesxebi sityvebi, barbarizmebi; sityvaTa myari Sexamebani; war-moqmnili da Zireuli sityvebi; martivi da rTuli sityvebi; sity-vaTa SemoklebiT SeerTeba; Semoklebuli dawera.

2. stilistika

stilis raoba; funqciuri stilistika; leqsikuri stilistika; sityvaTa SerCeva mniSvnelobis mixedviT; paronimebi, evfemizmebi, Tavazianobis gamomxatveli sityvebi; stilisturi xarvezebi: tav-tologia, kalki, atrofia (sityvis gamoyeneba arazusti mniSvne-lobiT).

3. morfologia

metyvelebis nawilebi: arsebiTi saxeli, jgufebi Sinaarsis mi-xedviT, sazogado da sakuTar saxelTa bruneba; zedsarTavi saxe-li, zedsarTavi saxelis xarisxis formebi, zedsarTav saxelTa bru-neba damoukideblad da arsebiT saxelTan erTad; arsebiTi saxeli msazRvrelad; ricxviTi saxeli, ricxviTi saxelebis jgufebi, ric-xviTi saxelebis bruneba; nacvalsaxeli, nacvalsaxelTa jgufebi, nacvalsaxelTa bruneba; zmna, zmnis piri da ricxvi, zmniswini, dro, aspeqti, kilo, gardamavloba, mwkrivebi da seriebi, gvari, qce-va, kontaqti; saxelzmna; zmnizeda; Tandebuli; kavSiri; nawilaki; Sorisdebuli.

4. sintaqsi

winadadeba; sintaqsuri wyvilebi, sintaqsuri urTierTobis sa-xeebi; winadadebis saxeebi Sinaarsis mixedviT; winadadebis wevre-bi; qvemdebarisa da Semasmenlis urTierToba ricxvis mixedviT; wi-nadadebis saxeebi agebulebis mixedviT; martivi winadadebis saxee-bi; Serwymuli winadadeba, erTgvar wevrTa SeerTeba; gankerZoebu-li sityvebi da gamoTqmebi; rTuli winadadeba, rTuli Tanwyobili winadadeba, rTuli qvewyobili winadadeba, rTuli qvewyobili winadadebis gadakeTeba martivad da martivi winadadebebisa _ rTul qvewyobilad; pirdapiri da iribi naTqvami.

5. punqtuacia sasveni niSnebi; sasven niSanTa xmarebis wesebi.

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II. qarTuli literatura

1. mxatvruli teqstis

analizisaTvis aucilebeli

literaturaT-mcodneobiTi terminebi

drama, eposi, lirika; poezia, proza; andaza, aforizmi, biografia, elegia, Tqmuleba, igav-araki, ko-

media, legenda, leqsi, memuari, miTi, moTxroba, muxambazi, novela, poema, publicistika, romani, soneti, tragedia, trioleti, Sairi;

abzaci, epigrafi, epilogi, Tema, idea, kompozicia, prologi, riTma, ritmi, siuJeti, strofi, taepi, fabula, finali;

dialogi, monologi, perifrazi, citata; lirikuli gmiri, peizaJi, personaJi, portreti; alegoria, aliteracia, aluzia, gapirovneba, groteski, epiTeti,

ironia, iumori, metafora, motivi, sarkazmi, satira, tropi, Seda-reba, xatovani Tqma, hiperbola;

mxatvruli ena, mxatvruli saxe.

2. literaturuli procesis

ZiriTadi etapebi

sasuliero mwerloba, klasikuri xanis mwerloba, aRorZinebis xanis mwerloba, romantizmi, realizmi, modernizmi, postmoderniz-mi.

3. iakob xucesi `SuSanikis wameba~ (saskolo Semoklebuli varianti).

4. iovane sabanisZe àbo Tbilelis wameba~ (saskolo Semoklebuli varianti).

5. giorgi merCule `grigol xanZTelis cxovreba~ (saskolo Semoklebuli varianti).

6. SoTa rusTveli

`vefxistyaosani~ (`vefxistyaosnis~ saskolo gamocema n. naTaZisa): `dasawyisidan~ `tarielis TaTbiramde~, `dasasruli~.

7. sulxan-saba orbeliani

`sibrZne-sicruisa~, igav-arakebi: `mefe xorasnisa~, `Zunwi da vaWa-ri~, ùgunuri mcuravi~, `samni brmani~, `mefunduke da didvaWari~.

8. daviT guramiSvili

`daviTiani~: `swavla moswavleTa~, `qarTvel ufalTa megvartomo-bis igavi~, `moTqma xmiTa Tav-bolo erTi~, `qarTvelTa da kaxTa-gan TavianT ufalTad Seorguleba~, `sawyaulis mowyva RvTisagan~, `daviT guramisSvilis lekTagan datyoeba~, òdes datyoebulman urjulos qveyanas sayvarlis saxe da suraTi veRara naxa, amisi moTqma daviTisagan~, `tyveobiTgan gaparva daviTisa~, `Svela RvTi-sagan daviTisa. tyveobidan gamosvla saruseToSi~, `daviT guramis-Svilisagan sawuTos soflis samduravi~.

9. aleqsandre WavWavaZe

leqsi `gogCa~.

10. grigol orbeliani

leqsebi: `Tamar mefis saxe beTaniis eklesiaSi~, `saRamo gamosal-mebisa~, `pasuxi SvilTa~.

11. nikoloz baraTaSvili

leqsebi: àr ukiJino, satrfoo...~, `merani~, `cisa fers~, `fiqrni mtkvris piras~, `SemoRameba mTawmindaze~, `xma idumali~, `sulo boroto~, `vpove taZari~; poema `bedi qarTlisa~.

12. ilia WavWavaZe

leqsebi: `bednieri eri~, `pasuxis pasuxi~, `Cemo kalamo~; poemebi: `gandegili~, àCrdili~ _ VII Tavi; moTxrobebi: `kacia-adamiani?!~, `mgzavris werilebi~, òTaraanT qvrivi~; statia `ra giTxraT, riT gagaxaroT?~

13. akaki wereTeli leqsebi: àRmarT-aRmarT~, `ganTiadi~, `suliko~, `qebaTa qeba (sxveb-ma svan Rvino...)~; poemebi: `Tornike erisTavi~, `gamzrdeli~.

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14. aleqsandre yazbegi

moTxroba `xevisberi goCa~.

15. vaJa-fSavela

leqsebi: `Cemi vedreba~, `ram Semqmna adamianad~, `kai yma~, ìas uT-xariT turfasa~; poemebi: àluda qeTelauri~, `baxtrioni~, `stu-mar-maspinZeli~; moTxroba àmodis, naTdeba~; publicisturi weri-li `kosmopolitizmi da patriotizmi~.

16. daviT kldiaSvili

moTxroba `samaniSvilis dedinacvali~.

17. niko lorTqifaniZe

moTxroba `Selocva radioTi~.

18. konstantine gamsaxurdia

romani `didostatis marjvena~.

19. mixeil javaxiSvili

romani `jayos xiznebi~.

20. polikarpe kakabaZe

piesa `yvaryvare TuTaberi~ (I da IV moqmedebebi).

21. galaktion

tabiZe

leqsebi: `qebaTa qeba nikorwmindas~, `Tovli~, `me da Rame~, `mTa-wmindis mTvare~, `silaJvarde anu vardi silaSi~, `Serigeba~, `mSob-liuri efemera~.

22. tician tabiZe leqsebi: `leqsi mewyeri~, ànanurTan~.

23. paolo iaSvili leqsi `poezia~.

24. giorgi leoniZe

leqsebi: `ninowmindis Rame~, `yivCaRis paemani~.

25. guram rCeuliSvili

moTxroba àlaverdoba~.

26. ana kalandaZe leqsi `mkvdarTa mze var~.

27. jemal qarCxaZe moTxroba ìgi~.

28. guram doCanaSvili

moTxroba `kaci, romelsac literatura Zlier uyvarda~.

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misaRebi gamocdis moTxovnebi:

abiturientma unda icodes: sagamocdo programaSi Setanil nawarmoebTa siuJetebi (movlenebi, faqtebi da maTi

Tanamimdevroba);

teqstSi mocemuli informacia personaJebis Sesaxeb (portreti, Tavgadasavali,

avtoriseuli daxasiaTeba da sxv); teqstSi aRweril movlenaTa istoriuli konteqsti, toponimebi (geografiuli

saxelebi).

abiturients moeTxoveba:

enis gamomsaxvelobiT saSualebaTa (rogorc leqsikuris, ise gramatikulis) adekvaturi gamoyeneba;

enobrivi konstruqciebis sworad ageba da Tanamedrove qarTuli saliteraturo enis normebis dacva;

sxvadasxva daniSnulebis teqstis Sedgena;

mxatvrul teqstTa leqsikis gageba;

literaturuli masalis safuZvelze problemis dasma, gaazreba da analizi;

nawarmoebis Temisa da ideis, motivebis, calkeuli dialogebis, mxatvruli saxeebis, situaciis, koliziis arsisa da personaJTa qcevis motivaciis adekvaturi gaazreba;

argumentebis logikurad, damajereblad Camoyalibeba da Sesabamisi magaliTebiT gamyareba;

literaturuli nawarmoebis (an misi nawilis) analizi, komentari;

literaturul nawarmoebTa Soris msgavsebebisa da gansxvavebebis migneba da SedarebiTi analizi;

mwerlis enis, stilis ZiriTadi Taviseburebebisa da gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis swori aRqma da gaazreba;

literaturuli teqstisadmi individualuri damokidebulebis gamovlena.

qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagamocdo testiT Semowmdeba:

teqstis redaqtirebis unari;

argumentirebis unari;

sagamocdo programiT gaTvaliswinebuli masalis gamoyenebis unari;

kiTxvaSi (davalebaSi) miniSnebuli informaciis teqstSi mocemul informaciasTan gaigivebis (identificirebis) unari;

informaciis gaazrebis, analizis, ganzogadebisa da daskvnis gamotanis unari;

damoukidebeli, kritikuli azrovnebis unari; weriTi metyvelebis unari Tanamedrove saliteraturo enis normebis dacviT.

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I. teqstis redaqtireba (20 qula)

yuradRebiT waikiTxeT qvemoT mocemuli teqsti. gaasworeT morfologiur-orTogra-fiuli, sintaqsuri, punqtuaciuri Secdomebi da stilisturi xarvezebi da ise gadawe-reT mTeli teqsti, rom misi Sinaarsi ar SecvaloT.

gaiTvaliswineT, qulebi dagakldebaT Tqven mier gadaweril teqstSi daSvebuli Ti-Toeuli Secdomis, xarvezisa Tu uzustobis gamo.

(Tu amoiwerT mxolod calkeul formebsa da Sesityvebebs an ramdenime winadade-bas, naSromi ar Sefasdeba.)

1.

halikarnasi, dRevandeli bodrumi mcire aziis erT-erTi ulamazesi qalaqi iyo. mis mTavar RirsSesaniSnaobas warmoadgenda mefe mavsolis didebuli akldama. samarxis mSenebloba mefis sicocxleSive daiwyo. arqiteqtorTa CanafiqriT, samarxs ro-gorcYyvelaze mdidrul nagebobas qalaqi unda daemSvenebia. es iyo berZnuli taZaris msgavsi Senoba. igi Semkuli iyo marmarilos qandakebebiTa da bareliefebiT, romelic im droindelma saukeTeso moqandakeebma Seqmnes. bareliefebze gamosaxuli scenebi amor-ZalebTan berZenTa brZolas ansaxierebda.

mavsole gardaicvala Zvel welTaRricxvis IV saukunis 50-ian wlebSi. mis mierve agebul akldamaSi dakrZales igi, romelsac mavsolis pativsacemad mavzoleumi uwo-des. XIV saukuneSi mavzoleumi Zlierma miwisZvram daangria. igi sabolood ganadgur-da XV saukuneSi jvarosnebis Semosevis Sedegad. oqrosa da ganZeulobis maZieblebma samarxi srulyofilad gaZarcves. jvarosnebi kedlebisagan marmarilos filebs gli-javdnen qandakebebs amsxvrevdnen. halikarnasis nangrevebze maT aaSenes pirquSi da miu-vali simagre wminda petres cixe.

XIX saukunis 50-ian wlebSi mavzoleumis mimdebare teritoriaze daiwyo arqeologi-uri gaTxrebi. arqeologebis mier moxda mavzoleumis naSTebis, bareliefebisa da qan-dakebebis fragmentebis aRmoCena ramac mis mraval saidumlos mofina naTeli.

2.

kunZuli rodosis mosaxleobas swamda rom mas mzis RmerTi icavda. rodoselebma gadawyvites heliosis giganturi qandakebis (kolosis) ageba, radgan amiT pativi ecaT TavianTi mfarvelisaTvis. Tavdapirvelad Tixidan gamoiZerwa figura romelic garedan jer cviliT Semdeg ki isev TixiT ifareboda. cvilis saSualebiT Tixis or fenas er-TmaneTisagan ancalkevebdnen da maT Soris brinjaos asxamdnen. rodesac liToni civ-deboda, Tixis garss amtvrevdnen, figuras fxikavdnen da aprialebdnen. qandakebas na-wilnawil akeTebdnen da iarusebad awyobdnen.

samuSaoebi 12 wels gagrZelda. heliosis qandakeba marmarilos kvarcxlbekze idga da mas gvirgviniT Semkuli Wabukis saxe qonda. qandakebis simaRle 37 metri iyo. mis sa-naxavad uamravi mogzauri modioda. 56 wlis Semdeg qandakeba Zlieri miwisZvris damsa-xurebiT daingra. rodoselebs ramdenjerme ucdiaT, rom fexze wamoeyenebiaT damxobi-li goliaTi magram maTi yvela cdebi marcxiT damTavrebula. bolos is iyida erTma mdidarma vaWarma romelmac nawilebad daSlili qandakebis gatana moaxdina 900 aqle-mis meSveobiT.

mecnierebi didxans ikvlevdnen rogor gamoiyureboda rodosis kolosi. qandakebis Seqmnisa da aRmarTvis rTuli teqnikis gamo igi msoflios saocrebaT iTvleba.

3.

babiloni imyofeboda dRevandeli erayis teritoriaze mdinare evfratis napirebze. nabuqodonosoris mefobis dros igi aRmosavlur kulturis erT-erTi udidesi centri gaxda. mogzaurebs yvelaze metad izidavda dakiduli baRebi. babilonis dedofali mi-diis mefis asuli Tavis qveyanaSi miCveuli iyo ayvavebul mTebsa da tyeebs da es usi-cocxlo adgili ar mowonda. mefes Tavisi sayvareli meuRlisaTvis es baRebi augia,

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radgan misTvis cxelsa da utyeo babilonSi cxovreba Seemsubuqebia. misi brZanebiT, iSviaTi mcenareebi mravali qveynebidan SemoutaniaT.

nagebobas hqonda piramidis forma da Sedgeboda oTxi iarusisagan. iarusebs svetebi iWerda. TiToeuli svetis simaRle ocda xuTi metri iyo. evfratis wyliT irwyveboda baRebi, romelic iq specialuri wyalsaqaCi borblebiTa da tyavis WurWeliT ahqondaT. sarwyav wyals rom ar gaeJona iarusebis zedapiri jer lerwmiT ifareboda Semdeg ki masze warmoebda noyieri miwis dayra. amdenad, maRali koSkis farTo iarusebze gaSene-buli baRebi sakmaoT rTuli nageboba iyo.

SuamdinareTis mkvidrni Tixas zilavdnen da saSen masalad iyenebdnen rac Zalian iafi jdeboda. samwuxarod, Tixa gamZle ar iyo, amitomac babilonelTa nagebobebis kvalic ar darCa.

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qalaqi aleqsandria aleqsandre makedonelma daaarsa. mefis azriT es qalaqi unda gamxdariyo umniSvnelovanesi savaWro centri da navsadguri. mefes surda rom kunZul farosze manamde ar naxuli sididis Suqura aeSenebiaT. marTlac, Suqura romelic Zvel welTaRricxvis III saukuneSi aigo mecnierebisa da teqnikis udidesi miRweva iyo. koSkis gumbaTSi enTo Cauqrobeli cecxli, romlis Suqi liTonis sarkeebiT Zlierde-boda da sibneleSi gzas uCvenebda xomaldebs. sarkeebis sistema sxva problemasac wyvi-tavda, kerZod meTvalyureebs gemebis SemCneva manam SeeZloT, sanam isini qalaqs miuax-lovdeboden.

droTa ganmavlobaSi aleqsandriis ube siliT aivso. XII saukuneSi Suquram funqcia dakarga, raTa portSi xomaldebis Sesvla ukve SeuZlebeli gaxda. XIV saukuneSi Suqura Zlieri miwisZvris saSualebiT daingra. TavdacviTi nageboba aSenda misi qvebiT, rome-lic dRemde dgas koSkis adgilze xolo brinjaos firfitebidan monetebi daamzades.

1994 wels myvinTavebis mier moxda Suquris narCenebis povna, Semdeg kosmosidan ga-daRebuli fotoebis meSveobiT danarCeni nawilebic aRmoaCines. savaraudoT, koSkis si-maRle 134 metri unda yofiliyo. rogorc sCans, im droisaTvis aleqsandriis Suqura yvelaze maRali nageboba iyo dedamiwaze.

5.

kalistrate salia daibada 1901 wels samegrelos sofel jgalSi. 1920 wels igi Tbi-lisis saxelmwifo universitetis sibrZnismetyvelebis fakultetis studenti gaxda. sab-WoTa xelisuflebam salias dapatimreba moaxdina ramac evropaSi xmauri gamoiwvia. amis gamo mas da ramdenime sxva qarTvel patimars germaniaSi wasvlis ufleba mices. saliam jer berlinis universiteti daamTavra Semdeg _ parizis universitetis istori-ul-literaturuli fakulteti. kalistrate salia iyo antisabWoTa frontis aqtiuri wevri. igi germanul jarSi Seqmnil qarTul nawilSi Caewera raTa fiqrobda, rom ger-mania saqarTvelos gaanTavisuflebda. salia aqtiurad monawileobda qarTvel samxed-ro tyveTa gamoxsnisa da ebraelTa gadarCenis procesSi.

1948 wels kalistratem meuRlesTan erTad daafuZnes Jurnali „bedi qarTlisa“. es Jurnali iyo yvelaze pirveli qarTvelologiuri gamocema evropaSi. igi 35 welis gan-mavlobaSi gamodioda safrangeTis samecniero kvlevis erovnul centris daxmarebiT. Jurnalma romelmac Tavi mouyara ucxoeTSi moRvawe qarTvelologebs, mniSvnelovan rols asrulebda qarTuli kulturis popularizaciaSi. kalistrate salia iyo oslos universitetis sapatio profesori ara-erTi samecniero sazogadoebebis wevri. kalist-rate salia gardaicvala 1986 wels parizSi. igi daasaflaves levilis sasaflaoze. 1988 wels, salias anderZis TanaxmaT misi ferfli didubis panTeonis miwas miabares.

6.

mixeil (mixako) wereTeli daibada 1878 wlis 23 dekembers zemo imereTis sofel cxrukveTSi. quTaisis klasikuri gimnaziis damTavrebis Semdeg man swavla ganagrZo ki-evis universitetSi saidanac moxda misi garicxva, raTa aqtiurad iyo CarTuli poli-tikur saqmianobaSi. mixako wereTels romelsac Zalian saukeTeso evropuli ganaTleba qonda miRebuli sorbonis, Jenevisa da haidelbergis universitetebSi, saqarTvelos de-

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mokratiuli respublikis diplomatiur misiebs xelmZRvanelobda germaniasa da skandi-naviis qveynebSi.

bolSevikur ruseTis mier saqarTvelos okupaciis gamo mixako wereTeli iZulebu-li gaxda, rom samudamod daetovebia samSoblo. emigraciaSi myofi mecnieri nayofierad moRvaweobda. igi arCeuli iyo didi britaneTisa da irlandiis samecniero sazogadoe-bebis namdvil wevrad. garda amisa igi iyo `qarTvel tradicionalistTa kavSiris~ da-fuZnebis erT-erTi moTave. meore msoflio omis wlebSi mixako wereTelis Zalis-xmeviT germaniis sakoncentracio banakebisgan asobiT qarTveli ganTavisufldnen. saxelovanma mecnierma da mamuliSvilma mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitana rusTvelologiis ganviTare-baSi. 1963 wels parizSi daibeWda `vefxistyaosani~ romelic gamosacemad moamzada mixa-ko wereTelma. 1975 wels gamovida poemis miseuli prozauli Targmani germanul enaze. 1945 wels igi sacxovreblaT gadavida miunxenSi sadac ganagrZobda samecniero moRva-weobas. mixako wereTeli dakrZalulia safrangeTSi levilis sasaflaoze.

7.

mixeil TamaraSvili daibada 1858 wels axalcixeSi. TamaraSvilma sasuliero ganaT-leba evropis ramdenime qveynebSi miiRo. samSobloSi dabrunebis Semdeg igi Tbilisis miZinebis taZaris mRvdlad gaamweses. TamaraSvils romelmac aqtiuri moRvaweobiT mi-iqcia yuradReba, xelisuflebam samSobloSi mRvdel-msaxurebis ufleba CamoarTves da moxda misi Tbilisidan gaZeveba. TamaraSvili romSi gaemgzavra da swavla ganagrZo sa-suliero akademiaSi. saswavleblis damTavrebis Semdeg mas RvTismetyvelebis doqto-ris wodeba mianiWes da amave akademiis profesori gaxda.

TamaraSvili guldasmiT ecnoboda ucxoeTSi dacul istoriul masalebs radgan obieqturad gamoekvlia saqarTvelos warsuli. 1910 wels gamovida misi wigni `qarTuli eklesia dasabamidan dRemde~. es iyo fundamenturi naSromi rac sazogadoebas Cveni qvey-nis istorias acnobda. wignSi Tavmoyrilia evropis arqivebSi moZiebuli uaRresad sayu-radRebo wyaroebi. amis gamo mas dRemde ar daukargia mecnieruli Rirebuleba. TamaraS-vili iyo erT-erTi yvelaze pirveli mkvlevari, romelmac evropeli mkiTxveli saqar-Tvelos istoriasa da kulturas aziara. garda amisa man SesZlo cnobebis moZieba sul-xan-saba orbelianis evropaSi mogzaurobis Sesaxeb. samwuxarod, TamaraSvilis cxovre-ba tragikulaT dasrulda. 1911 wels man italiis erT zRvispira qalaqSi daxrCobidan ixsna ucnobi adamiani TviTon ki daiRupa.DoTxmoci wlis Semdeg 1978 wels, misi neSti qarTul miwas miabares.

8.

eqvTime TayaiSvili daibada 1863 wels sofel lixaurSi. quTaisis klasikur gimnazi-is dasrulebis Semdeg man swavla ganagrZo peterburgis universitetSi. 1887 wels igi samSobloSi dabrunda da Tbilisis gimnaziaSi maswavlebelad daiwyo muSaoba. TayaiSvi-li aqtiurad monawileobda ara-erT arqeologiur eqspediciebSi. man daaarsa saisto-rio-saeTnografio sazogadoeba rasac ToTxmeti wlis ganmavlobaSi xelmZRvanelobda. es sazogadoeba miznaT isaxavda gaCanagebidan exsna Cveni kulturuli memkvidreoba. eqv-Time TayaiSvili gaxldaT saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis damfuZnebeli kre-bis Tavmjdomaris moadgile. igi iyo Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis erT-erTi da-maarsebelTagani.

1921 wels saqarTvelos mTavroba iZulebuli gaxda, rom emigraciaSi wasuliyo da Tan waeRo samuzeumo Zvirfaseuloba. oficialurad ganZis mesakuTre mTavroba iyo Tum-ca erovnul saganZurs faqtobrivad eqvTime TayaiSvili meurveobda. miuxedavad prob-lemebisa eqvTimem yvelaferi gaakeTa radgan Rirseulad Seesrulebia es Zalze umniSv-nelovanesi misia. safrangeTSi igi ganagrZobda nayofier samecniero moRvaweobas. 1925 wels moxda misi arCeva aziis Semswavleli samecniero sazogadoebis namdvil wevrad. meore msoflio omis dasrulebis Semdeg rodesac SesaZlebeli gaxda Cveni saganZuris samSobloSi Camotana eqvTime TayaiSvili TbilisSi dabrunda. mecnieri gardaicvala 1953 wels. saqarTvelos eklesiam 2002 wels igi wmindanad Sehracxa.

12

teqstis redaqtirebis Sefasebis kriteriumebi (davalebebi ## 1-4)

I. morfologiur-orTografiuli da sintaqsuri Secdomebi ---------------------------------------10q. am tipis yovel Secdomaze maqsimalur Sefasebas (10) akldeba TiTo qula.

II. stilisturi xarvezebi ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2q. am tipis yovel xarvezze maqsimalur Sefasebas (2) akldeba TiTo qula.

III. punqtuaciuri Secdomebi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6q. am tipis yovel Secdomaze maqsimalur Sefasebas (6) akldeba TiTo qula.

IV. meqanikuri Secdomebi da teqsturi uzustobebi ---------------------------------------------------------2q. am tipis yovel Secdomaze maqsimalur Sefasebas (2) akldeba TiTo qula.

1.

halikarnasi, dRevandeli bodrumi, mcire aziis erT-erTi ulamazesi qalaqi iyo. mis mTavar RirsSesaniSnaobas warmoadgenda mefe mavsolis didebuli akldama. samarxis mSenebloba mefis sicocxleSive daiwyo. arqiteqtorTa CanafiqriT, samarxs, ro-gorcYyvelaze mdidrul nagebobas, qalaqi unda daemSvenebina. es iyo berZnuli taZris msgavsi Senoba. igi Semkuli iyo marmarilos qandakebebiTa da bareliefebiT, romlebic imdroindelma saukeTeso moqandakeebma Seqmnes. bareliefebze gamosaxuli scenebi amor-ZalebTan berZenTa brZolas ganasaxierebda (asaxierebda).

mavsole gardaicvala Zveli welTaRricxvis IV saukunis 50-ian wlebSi. igi dakrZa-les mis mierve agebul akldamaSi, romelsac mavsolis pativsacemad mavzoleumi uwo-des. XIV saukuneSi mavzoleumi Zlierma miwisZvram daangria. igi sabolood ganadgur-da XV saukuneSi jvarosnebis Semosevis Sedegad. oqrosa da ganZeulobis maZieblebma samarxi mTlianad gaZarcves. jvarosnebi kedlebidan marmarilos filebs glejdnen, qandakebebs amsxvrevdnen. halikarnasis nangrevebze maT aaSenes pirquSi da miuvali si-magre _ (,) wminda petres cixe.

XIX saukunis 50-ian wlebSi mavzoleumis mimdebare teritoriaze daiwyo arqeologi-uri gaTxrebi. arqeologebma mavzoleumis naSTebi, bareliefebi da qandakebebis frag-mentebi aRmoaCines, ramac mis mraval saidumlos mohfina naTeli.

2.

kunZul rodosis mosaxleobas swamda, rom mas mzis RmerTi icavda. rodoselebma gadawyvites heliosis giganturi qandakebis (kolosis) ageba, raTa amiT pativi ecaT TavianTi mfarvelisaTvis. Tavdapirvelad Tixisagan gamoiZerwa figura, romelic gare-dan jer cviliT, Semdeg ki isev TixiT ifareboda. cvilis saSualebiT Tixis or fenas erTmaneTisagan acalkevebdnen da maT Soris brinjaos asxamdnen. rodesac liToni civ-deboda, Tixis garss amtvrevdnen, figuras fxekdnen da aprialebdnen. qandakebas na-wil-nawil akeTebdnen da iarusebad awyobdnen.

samuSaoebi 12 wels gagrZelda. heliosis qandakeba marmarilos kvarcxlbekze idga da mas gvirgviniT Semkuli Wabukis saxe hqonda. qandakebis simaRle 37 metri iyo. mis sanaxavad uamravi mogzauri modioda. 56 wlis Semdeg qandakeba Zlieri miwisZvris gamo daingra (Zlierma miwisZvram daangria). rodoselebs ramdenjerme ucdiaT, rom fexze wamoeyenebinaT damxobili goliaTi, magram maTi yvela cda marcxiT damTavrebula. bo-los is iyida erTma mdidarma vaWarma, romelmac nawilebad daSlili qandakeba 900 aq-lemis meSveobiT gaitana.

mecnierebi didxans ikvlevdnen, rogor gamoiyureboda rodosis kolosi. qandakebis Seqmnisa da aRmarTvis rTuli teqnikis gamo igi msoflios saocrebad iTvleba.

3.

babiloni mdebareobda dRevandeli erayis teritoriaze, mdinare evfratis napireb-ze. nabuqodonosoris mefobis dros igi aRmosavluri kulturis erT-erTi udidesi centri gaxda. mogzaurebs yvelaze metad izidavda dakiduli baRebi. babilonis dedo-fali, midiis mefis asuli, Tavis qveyanaSi miCveuli iyo ayvavebul mTebsa da tyeebs da

13

es usicocxlo adgili ar moswonda. mefes Tavisi sayvareli meuRlisaTvis es baRebi augia, raTa misTvis cxelsa da utyeo babilonSi cxovreba Seemsubuqebina. misi brZane-biT, iSviaTi mcenareebi mravali qveynidan SemoutaniaT.

nagebobas hqonda piramidis forma da Sedgeboda oTxi iarusisagan. iarusebs svetebi iWerda. TiToeuli svetis simaRle ocdaxuTi metri iyo. baRebi irwyveboda evfratis wyliT, romelic iq specialuri wyalsaqaCi borblebiTa da tyavis WurWliT ahqondaT. sarwyav wyals rom ar gaeJona, iarusebis zedapiri jer lerwmiT ifareboda, Semdeg ki masze noyieri miwa iyreboda. amdenad, maRali koSkis farTo iarusebze gaSenebuli ba-Rebi sakmaod rTuli nageboba iyo.

SuamdinareTis mkvidrni Tixas zeldnen da saSen masalad iyenebdnen, rac Zalian ia-fi jdeboda. samwuxarod, Tixa gamZle ar iyo, amitomac babilonelTa nagebobebis kva-lic ar darCa.

4.

qalaqi aleqsandria aleqsandre makedonelma daaarsa. mefis azriT, es qalaqi unda gamxdariyo umniSvnelovanesi savaWro centri da navsadguri. mefes surda, rom kunZul farosze manamde arnaxuli sididis Suqura aeSenebinaT. marTlac, Suqura, romelic Zveli welTaRricxvis III saukuneSi aigo, mecnierebisa da teqnikis udidesi miRweva iyo. koSkis gumbaTSi enTo Cauqrobeli cecxli, romlis Suqi liTonis sarkeebiT Zlierde-boda da sibneleSi gzas uCvenebda xomaldebs. sarkeebis sistema sxva problemasac wyvetda, kerZod, meTvalyureebs gemebis SemCneva manam SeeZloT, sanam isini qalaqs miu-axlovdebodnen.

droTa ganmavlobaSi aleqsandriis ube siliT aivso. XII saukuneSi Suquram funqcia dakarga, radgan portSi xomaldebis Sesvla ukve SeuZlebeli gaxda. XIV saukuneSi Su-qura Zlieri miwisZvris gamo (Zlierma miwisZvram daangria) daingra. misi qvebiT aSenda TavdacviTi nageboba, romelic dRemde dgas koSkis adgilze, xolo brinjaos firfi-tebisagan monetebi daamzades.

1994 wels myvinTavebma Suquris narCenebi ipoves, Semdeg kosmosidan gadaRebuli fotoebis meSveobiT danarCeni nawilebic aRmoaCines. savaraudod, koSkis simaRle 134 metri unda yofiliyo. rogorc Cans, im droisaTvis aleqsandriis Suqura yvelaze ma-Rali nageboba iyo dedamiwaze.

(davalebebi ## 5-8)

I. morfologiur-orTografiuli da sintaqsuri Secdomebi ---------------------------------------10q. am tipis yovel Secdomaze maqsimalur Sefasebas (10) akldeba TiTo qula.

II. stilisturi xarvezebi ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2q. am tipis yovel xarvezze maqsimalur Sefasebas (3) akldeba TiTo qula.

III. punqtuaciuri Secdomebi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6q. am tipis yovel Secdomaze maqsimalur Sefasebas (5) akldeba TiTo qula.

IV. meqanikuri Secdomebi da teqsturi uzustobebi ---------------------------------------------------------2q. am tipis yovel Secdomaze maqsimalur Sefasebas (2) akldeba TiTo qula.

5.

kalistrate salia daibada 1901 wels samegrelos sofel jgalSi. 1920 wels igi Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis sibrZnismetyvelebis fakultetis studenti gaxda. sabWoTa xelisuflebam salia daapatimra, ramac evropaSi xmauri gamoiwvia. amis gamo mas da ramdenime sxva qarTvel patimars germaniaSi wasvlis ufleba misces. saliam jer berlinis universiteti daamTavra, Semdeg _ parizis universitetis istoriul-litera-turuli fakulteti. kalistrate salia iyo antisabWoTa frontis aqtiuri wevri. igi germanul jarSi Seqmnil qarTul nawilSi Caewera, radgan fiqrobda, rom germania sa-

14

qarTvelos gaaTavisuflebda. salia aqtiurad monawileobda qarTvel samxedro tyve-Ta gamoxsnisa da ebraelTa gadarCenis procesSi.

1948 wels kalistratem meuRlesTan erTad daafuZna Jurnali „bedi qarTlisa“. es Jurnali iyo pirveli qarTvelologiuri gamocema evropaSi. igi 35 wlis ganmavlobaSi gamodioda safrangeTis samecniero kvlevis erovnuli centris daxmarebiT. Jurnali, romelmac Tavi mouyara ucxoeTSi moRvawe qarTvelologebs, mniSvnelovan rols asru-lebda qarTuli kulturis popularizaciaSi. kalistrate salia iyo oslos universi-tetis sapatio profesori, araerTi samecniero sazogadoebis wevri. kalistrate salia gardaicvala 1986 wels parizSi. igi daasaflaves levilis sasaflaoze. 1988 wels, sa-lias anderZis Tanaxmad, misi ferfli didubis panTeonis miwas miabares.

6.

mixeil (mixako) wereTeli daibada 1878 wlis 23 dekembers zemo imereTis sofel cxrukveTSi. quTaisis klasikuri gimnaziis damTavrebis Semdeg man swavla ganagrZo ki-evis universitetSi, saidanac igi garicxes, radgan aqtiurad iyo CarTuli politikur saqmianobaSi. mixako wereTeli, romelsac saukeTeso evropuli ganaTleba hqonda miRe-buli sorbonis, Jenevisa da haidelbergis universitetebSi, saqarTvelos demokratiu-li respublikis diplomatiur misiebs xelmZRvanelobda germaniasa da skandinaviis qveynebSi.

bolSevikuri ruseTis mier saqarTvelos okupaciis gamo mixako wereTeli iZule-buli gaxda, rom samudamod daetovebina samSoblo. emigraciaSi myofi mecnieri nayofi-erad moRvaweobda. igi arCeuli iyo didi britaneTisa da irlandiis samecniero sazo-gadoebebis namdvil wevrad. garda amisa, igi iyo `qarTvel tradicionalistTa kavSi-ris~ dafuZnebis erT-erTi moTave. meore msoflio omis wlebSi mixako wereTlis Zalis-xmeviT germaniis sakoncentracio banakebidan asobiT qarTveli ganTavisuflda. saxelo-vanma mecnierma da mamuliSvilma mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitana rusTvelologiis gan-viTarebaSi. 1963 wels parizSi daibeWda `vefxistyaosani~, romelic gamosacemad moamza-da mixako wereTelma. 1975 wels gamovida poemis miseuli prozauli Targmani germanul enaze. 1945 wels igi sacxovreblad gadavida miunxenSi, sadac ganagrZobda samecniero moRvaweobas. mixako wereTeli dakrZalulia safrangeTSi, levilis sasaflaoze.

7.

mixeil TamaraSvili daibada 1858 wels axalcixeSi. TamaraSvilma sasuliero ganaT-leba evropis ramdenime qveyanaSi miiRo. samSobloSi dabrunebis Semdeg igi Tbilisis miZinebis taZris mRvdlad gaamweses. TamaraSvils, romelmac aqtiuri moRvaweobiT mi-iqcia yuradReba, xelisuflebam samSobloSi mRvdelmsaxurebis ufleba CamoarTva da Tbilisidan gaaZeva. TamaraSvili romSi gaemgzavra da swavla ganagrZo sasuliero aka-demiaSi. saswavleblis damTavrebis Semdeg mas RvTismetyvelebis doqtoris wodeba mia-niWes da amave akademiis profesori gaxda.

TamaraSvili guldasmiT ecnoboda ucxoeTSi dacul istoriul masalebs, raTa obi-eqturad gamoekvlia saqarTvelos warsuli. 1910 wels gamovida misi wigni `qarTuli ek-lesia dasabamidan dRemde~. es iyo fundamenturi naSromi, romelic sazogadoebas Cveni qveynis istorias acnobda. wignSi Tavmoyrilia evropis arqivebSi moZiebuli uaRresad sayuradRebo wyaroebi. amis gamo mas dRemde ar daukargavs mecnieruli Rirebuleba. Ta-maraSvili iyo erT-erTi pirveli mkvlevari, romelmac evropeli mkiTxveli saqarTve-los istoriasa da kulturas aziara. garda amisa, man SeZlo cnobebis moZieba sulxan-saba orbelianis evropaSi mogzaurobis Sesaxeb. samwuxarod, TamaraSvilis cxovreba tragikulad dasrulda. 1911 wels man italiis erT zRvispira qalaqSi daxrCobisagan ixsna ucnobi adamiani, TviTon ki daiRupa.DoTxmoci wlis Semdeg, 1978 wels, misi neSti qarTul miwas miabares.E

15

8.

eqvTime TayaiSvili daibada 1863 wels sofel lixaurSi. quTaisis klasikuri gimna-ziis dasrulebis Semdeg man swavla ganagrZo peterburgis universitetSi. 1887 wels igi samSobloSi dabrunda da Tbilisis gimnaziaSi maswavleblad daiwyo muSaoba. Ta-yaiSvili aqtiurad monawileobda araerT arqeologiur eqspediciaSi. man daaarsa sais-torio-saeTnografio sazogadoeba, romelsac ToTxmeti wlis ganmavlobaSi xelmZRva-nelobda. es sazogadoeba miznad isaxavda gaCanagebisagan exsna Cveni kulturuli mem-kvidreoba. eqvTime TayaiSvili gaxldaT saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis dam-fuZnebeli krebis Tavmjdomaris moadgile. igi iyo Tbilisis saxelmwifo universite-tis erT-erTi damaarsebelTagani.

1921 wels saqarTvelos mTavroba iZulebuli gaxda, rom emigraciaSi wasuliyo da Tan waeRo samuzeumo Zvirfaseuloba. oficialurad ganZis mesakuTre mTavroba iyo, Tumca erovnul saganZurs faqtobrivad eqvTime TayaiSvili meurveobda. miuxedavad problemebisa, eqvTimem yvelaferi gaakeTa, raTa Rirseulad Seesrulebina es umniSvne-lovanesi (Zalze mniSvnelovani) misia. safrangeTSi igi ganagrZobda nayofier samecnie-ro moRvaweobas. 1925 wels igi aziis Semswavleli samecniero sazogadoebis namdvil wevrad airCies. meore msoflio omis dasrulebis Semdeg, rodesac SesaZlebeli gaxda Cveni saganZuris samSobloSi Camotana, eqvTime TayaiSvili TbilisSi dabrunda. mecnie-ri gardaicvala 1953 wels. saqarTvelos eklesiam 2002 wels igi wmindanad Seracxa.

teqstis redaqtirebis Sefasebis procesSi naTlad gamoCnda, rom abiturientTa na-wili teqstis redaqtirebis nacvlad meqanikurad eZebs da asworebs calkeul formebs, rac gaumarTlebelia, gansakuTrebiT, sintaqsuri da punqtuaciuri Secdomebisa da sti-listuri xarvezebis gasworebisas. forma, romelic Secdomaa erT SemTxvevaSi, sxva konteqstSi SeiZleba swori iyos, amitom am davalebis Sesrulebisas Zalze mniSvnelo-vania abiturientma yuradRebiT waikiTxos teqsti da Secdomebis gasworebisas kargad gaiazros konteqsti. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba redaqtirebulis nacvlad bun-dovani, faqtobrivi SecdomebiTa da xarvezebiT savse teqsti miiRos.

rogorc nimuSebidan Cans, teqstis redaqtirebis Sefasebis kriteriumebSi qulebi sxvadasxvagvarad SeiZleba iyos ganawilebuli. amdenad, zemoT mocemuli kriteriumebi mxolod sanimuSod gamodgeba da 2015 wlis erTian erovnul gamocdebze teqstis re-daqtirebis kriteriumebica da maTSi qulaTa ganawilebac SesaZloa gansxvavebuli iyos.

16

II. argumentirebuli ese (20 qula)

1.

arsebobs mosazreba, rom garemos dacvis mizani mxolod adamianis sicocxlesa da janmrTelobaze zrunva Tu iqneba, maSin garemo SeiZleba daucveli aRmoCndes.

argumentirebuli msjelobiT daeTanxmeT am mosazrebas an uaryaviT igi.

2.

arsebobs mosazreba, rom globalizacia safrTxes uqmnis saxelmwifoebis damouki-deblobas da es axali tipis kolonizacias waagavs.


3.

arsebobs mosazreba, rom saskolo ganaTlebis mTavari mizania axalgazrdebSi lide-ris Tvisebebis Camoyalibeba.


4.

arsebobs mosazreba, rom umaRlesi saswavleblebis raodenoba mkveTrad unda Sem-cirdes, radgan axalgazrdebis dasaqmeba sul ufro problemuri xdeba.


5.

sazogadoebis nawili miiCnevs, rom saxelmwifos mmarTvel organoebSi qalebis rao-denobis mniSvnelovani zrda aucilebelia qveyanaSi politikuri procesebis ukeT war-marTvisaTvis.


6.

sazogadoebis nawili miiCnevs, rom arsebobs profesiebi, romelTa dauflebac mxo-lod mamakacebisaTvis an mxolod qalebisaTvis aris mizanSewonili.


7.

sazogadoebis nawili miiCnevs, rom axalgazrdebis msoflmxedvelobis Camoyalibe-baSi umniSvnelovanes rols asrulebs televizia.


8.

sazogadoebis nawili miiCnevs, rom sityvis Tavisufleba ufro mniSvnelovania, vidre adamianis piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba.


gaaanalizeT warmodgenili Tvalsazrisi, SeafaseT misi dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxa-reebi da CamoayalibeT Tqveni damokidebuleba naTlad, mkafiod da dasabuTebulad, ar-gumentebi gaamyareT saTanado magaliTebiT. msjeloba unda iyos logikurad gamarTu-li da abzacebiT danawevrebuli. SearCieT teqstis Sesabamisi stili. daicaviT salite-raturo enis normebi.

gaiTvaliswineT: Tu Tqveni msjeloba Semoifargleba oTxi-xuTi winadadebiT, naS-romi ar gaswordeba.

17

argumentirebuli eses Sefasebis kriteriumebi

I kriteriumi

# davalebis pirobis adekvaturi gageba da gaazreba

qulebi

1. davalebis piroba adekvaturadaa gagebuli.

2

2.

davalebis piroba nawilobriv araadekvaturadaa gagebuli.

1

3.

davaleba mTlianobaSi araadekvaturadaa gagebuli.

0 naweri aRar

swordeba

II kriteriumi

#

naSromis ageba

qulebi

1.

naSromi kargadaa organizebuli, monakveTebi Tanamimdevrulad da lo-gikurad enacvleba erTmaneTs, abzacebi sworadaa gamoyofili.

1

2. naSromSi darRveulia teqstis logika da/an igi organizebuli ar aris.

0

III kriteriumi

# msjelobis dasabuTeba

qulebi

1.

msjeloba damajerebladaa dasabuTebuli da argumentebi gamyarebuliaSesaferisi magaliTebiT.

5

2.

msjeloba mTlianobaSi dasabuTebulia, Tumca calkeul SemTxvevebSiargumentacia arasakmarisia da/an ar aris gamyarebuli Sesaferisi maga-liTebiT.

4

2.

msjeloba dasabuTebulia, Tumca calkeul SemTxvevebSi argumentebsada moxmobil magaliTebs damajerebloba aklia.

3

3. msjeloba zereledaa dasabuTebuli da argumentebi aradamajerebelia.

2

4.

msjeloba Zalze zogadia, argumentebis da/an magaliTebis moxmobisasdaSvebulia uzustoba an faqtobrivi Secdoma.

1

5. msjeloba dasabuTebuli ar aris.

0

18

IV kriteriumi

# damoukidebeli azrovneba da zogadi ganaTleba

qulebi

1.

naSromSi mkafiod gamovlinda abiturientis damoukidebeli azrovnebis unari, SexedulebaTa da SefasebaTa araSablonuroba da zogadi ganaT-leba.

3

2.

naSromSi nawilobriv gamovlinda abiturientis damoukidebeli azrov-nebis unari, Tumca mkafiod gamovlinda zogadi ganaTleba; anda naS-romSi mkafiod gamovlinda abiturientis damoukidebeli azrovnebis una-ri, SexedulebaTa da SefasebaTa araSablonuroba, Tumca nawilobrivgamovlinda zogadi ganaTleba.

2

3.

naSromSi nawilobriv gamovlinda zogadi ganaTleba da/an damoukidebe-li azrovnebis unari.

1

4.

naSromSi ar gamovlinda damoukidebeli azrovnebis unari da zogadi ganaTleba.

0

V. kriteriumi

# leqsika da stili

qulebi

1.

naSromSi azri enobrivad (leqsikurad) zustad da mkafiodaa gamoxatu-li, SerCeulia dasmuli amocanis Sesaferisi stili, daculia naSromis stilisturi erTgvarovneba. gvxvdeba oriode stilisturi xarvezi.

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2.

naSromSi azri enobrivad (leqsikurad) zustad da mkafiodaa gamoxatu-li, magram gvxvdeba stilisturi xarvezebi.

2

3.

naSromSi azri gasagebia, magram leqsika mwiria, gvxvdeba araadekvaturi leqsika da stilisturi xarvezebi.

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4. naSromi stilisturad gaumarTavia.

0

VI. kriteriumi

# morfologia, orTografia, sintaqsi

qulebi

1. ar aris daSvebuli erTze meti Secdoma.

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2. ar aris daSvebuli orze meti Secdoma.

3

3. ar aris daSvebuli oTxze meti Secdoma.

2

4. ar aris daSvebuli eqvsze meti Secdoma.

1

5. daSvebulia eqvsze meti Secdoma.

0

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VII. kriteriumi

#

punqtuacia

qulebi

1. ar aris daSvebuli samze meti Secdoma.

2

2. ar aris daSvebuli eqvsze meti am tipis Secdoma.

1

3. daSvebulia eqvsze meti Secdoma.

0

argumentirebuli eses Sesrulebas abiturientTa didi nawili warmatebiT arTmevs Tavs. axalgazrdebs aRelvebT Cveni sazogadoebisaTvis aqtualuri problemebi, msje-loben am sakiTxebze da sakuTar damokidebulebasac Tamamad ayalibeben. amave dros, TvalSi sacemia is garemoeba, rom, samwuxarod, abiturientTa nawils ar esmis iseTi terminebis mniSvneloba, rogorebicaa: garemos dacva, sityvis Tavisufleba, globali-zacia, kolonizacia da misT., rac zogadi ganaTlebis dabal doneze miuTiTebs. amis gamo am axalgazrdebs uWirT argumentirebuli eses Sesruleba. garda amisa, zogierTi abiturienti yuradRebiT ar kiTxulobs davalebis pirobas, kargad ar iazrebs mas, ami-tom mis mier daweril eses araferi aqvs saerTo davalebis pirobasTan da masSi dasa-xelebuli problema mxolod sxva konteqstSia naxsenebi. bunebrivia, amgvari davalebe-bi an ar swordeba, an Zalian dabal Sefasebas imsaxurebs.

sagangebod unda aRiniSnos, rom eseebis didi nawili enobrivi TvalsazrisiT Ca-morCeba mis Sinaarsobriv mxares. xSir SemTxvevaSi axalgazrdebs uWirT msjeloba ara imitom, rom maT saTanado argumentebi ar gaaCniaT, aramed imitom, rom azris naTlad da mkafiod Camoyalibeba uWirT arasaTanado enobrivi kompetenciis gamo.

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III. wakiTxulis gaazreba da mxatvruli teqstis analizi (40 qula)

davaleba # 1

`vefxistyaosanSi~ aRwerilia TinaTinis gamefebis Semdeg gamarTuli nadimi: I. dRe erT gardaxda, puroba, sma-Wama iyo, xiloba,

nadimad msxdomTa laSqarTa mun didi Semoyriloba. mefeman Tavi dahkida, Seeqmna daRrejiloba. `netar, ra umZims, ra sWirso?~ _ Seqmnes amisi ciloba...

II. Tqves, Tu: `mefe cudsa rasme gonebasa Cavardnila, Tvara aqa samZimari maTi yola ara qmnila~. avTandil Tqva: `sograt, vhkiTxoT, gviTxras, radmca Segvecila? vhkadroT rame salaRobo, rasaTvismca gagviwbila?~

III. adges sograt da avTandil taniTa miT kenariTa, TviTo aivses Wiqebi, mivlen qceviTa wynariTa, wina miusxdes muxl-moyriT, piriTa mocinariTa, vaziri laRobs eniTa, wylianad moubnariTa:

IV. `dagiRrejia, mefeo, aRar gicinis pirio. marTal xar: waxda saWurWle Tqveni mZime da Zvirio, yvelasa gascems asuli Tqveni saboZvar-xSirio; yolamca mefed nu dasvi, Tavsa rad ugde Wirio?~

V. ra mefeman moismina, gacinebiT Semohxedna, gaukvirda, `viT mkadrao, an sityvani viT gabedna~. `karga hqmeno~, daumadla, brZanebani uimedna, `Cemi zraxva siZunwisa, tyuis, vinca daiybedna~.

VI. `ege ar mimZims, vaziro, esea, rome mwyenia: sibere maxlavs, davlien siymawvilisa dRenia, kaci ar aris, siTganca sabrZanebeli Cvenia, rome mas Cemgan eswavlnen samamaconi znenia.

VII. erTai mivis asuli, nazardi saTuTobiTa: RmerTman ar momca yma-Svili, _ var sawuTrosa TmobiTa, _ anumca mgvanda mSvildosnad, anu kvla burTaobiTa; cotasa Semwevs avTandil Cemganve nazardobiTa~.

VIII. yma mefisa brZanebasa laRi wynarad moismenda, Tav-modrekiT gaiRimna, gacineba dauSvenda, TeTrTa kbilTaT gamomkrTalsa Suqsa velTa moafenda. mefe hkiTxavs: `ras icini, anu Cemgan rad Segrcxvenda?~

IX. kvla ubrZana: `Tavsa Cemsa, ras icini, rad damgmeo?~ ymaman hkadra: `mogaxseneb da farmani miboZeo, raca gkadro, ar gewyinos, ar gahrisxde, ar gaswyreo, ar gamxado kadnierad, ar amiklo amas zeo~.

X. ubrZana: `radmca viwyine Tqma Sengan sawyinarisa!~ fica mze TinaTinisa, mis mzisa mowunarisa. avTandil ityvis: `daviwyo kadreba saubnarisa: nu mohkvex mSvildosnobasa, Tqma sjobs sityvisa wynarisa.

XI. miwaca Tqveni avTandil Tqvens wina mSvildosania; naZlevi davdvaT, movasxneT mowmad Tqvennive ymania; moasparezed vin mgavso? _ cudniRa ukuTqmania. gardamwyvedeli misica burTi da moedania!~

XII. mefe laRi da wyliani gamxiarulda metad-re, siciliT uTxra avTandils: `Svilad gzrdi, miT Se-ve-mkadre; ici, ar giwyen, gazrdilo, miT Semomixe zedad-re. Tu ar gawbilde, majobo, bedi geyofis bedad-re~.

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a) wakiTxulis gaazreba (15 qula)

davalebis Sesasruleblad yuradRebiT gaecaniT teqsts. kiTxvebze pasuxebis gacema maSin daiwyeT, rodesac teqstis Sinaarsi mTlianad gasagebi iqneba. mocemuli oTx-oTxi pasuxidan airCieT mxolod erTi da SemoxazeT. moniSnuli pasuxi gadaitaneT pasuxebis furcelSi amgvarad: pasuxis Sesabamis ujredSi gaakeTeT aRniSvna _ X.

(1) 1. ra azrs gamoxatavs pirveli striqoni? a) TinaTinis gamefebis meore dRes samefo laSqris Sekreba brZanes. b) TinaTinis gamefebis meore dRes sasaxleSi saboZvari gasces. g) TinaTinis gamefebis meore dRes gadawyda nadirobaSi Sejibreba gamarTuliyo. d) TinaTinis gamefebis meore dRes sasaxleSi nadimi gaimarTa.

(1) 2. ris gamo ikiTxes Sekrebilma didebulebma _ `netar ra umZims, ra sWirso~?

a) samefos daucvelobis gamo. b) saunjis gacemis gamo. g) qalis gamefebis gamo. d) mefis daRonebis gamo.

(1) 3. ra SesTavaza avTandilma sograts?

a) gavexumroT, taxtis daTmoba rom SevumsubuqoTo. b) gavexumroT, radgan saWurWlis gacema adardebso. g) gavexumroT, Wmunvis mizezi rom gagvimxiloso. d) gavexumroT, raTa sxvebTan erTad moilxinoso.

(1) 4. ra moimoqmedes avTandilma da sogratma, sanam mefes gaesaubrebodnen?

a) savse WiqebiT mefisaken gaemarTnen da TinaTinis sadRegrZelo Sesves. b) savse WiqebiT mefisaken gaemarTnen da misi sadRegrZelo Sesves. g) savse WiqebiT mefisaken gaemarTnen da mis winaSe daiCoqes. d) savse WiqebiT mefisaken gaemarTnen da asulis gamefeba miuloces.

(1) 5. ra saxumaro TemiT daiwyo saubari vazirma?

a) Senma asulma ver gamoiCina sibrZne da mTeli samefo gaaRaribao. b) Senma asulma mTeli saganZuri gasca da amiT samefo daamwuxrao. g) Senma asulma ver gamoiCina guluxvoba da jobda, ar gagemefebinao. d) Senma asulma mTeli saganZuri gasca da jobda, ar gagemefebinao.

(1) 6. rogori reaqcia hqonda mefes vaziris xumrobaze?

a) SeSfoTda da gabrazda. b) gaukvirda da Cafiqrda. g) gauxarda da gaecina. d) gaukvirda da gaecina.

(1) 7. romel striqonSi iyenebs avtori mxatvrul saSualebas?

a) `ege ar mimZims, vaziro, esea, rome mwyenia~. b) `kaci ar aris, siTganca sabrZanebeli Cvenia~. g) `sibere maxlavs, davlien siymawvilisa dRenia~. d) `cotasa Semwevs avTandil Cemganve nazardobiTa~.

(1) 8. ra adardebda rostevans?

a) rom daberda da iZulebuli gaxda, qaliSvili gaemefebina. b) rom daberda da didi xnis sicocxle aRar hqonda darCenili. g) rom daberda da misi dari raindi samefoSi aRar rCeboda. d) rom daberda da aRar SeeZlo Zveleburad enadira.

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(1) 9. ra reaqcia hqonda avTandils mefis naTqvamze? a) atirda. b) gauxarda. g) gaocda. d) Caicina.

(1) 10. romel mxatvrul saSualebas iyenebs avtori striqonSi: `...kbilTa gamomkrTalsa

Suqsa velTa moafenda~? a) hiperbolas. b) Sedarebas. g) epiTets. d) gapirovnebas.

(1) 11. ratom moiTxova avTandilma mefisagan usafrTxoebis piroba?

a) TinaTins SeiZleboda swyenoda avTandilis qceva. b) mefes SeiZleboda swyenoda avTandilis naTqvami. g) mefisaTvis winaaRmdegobis gaweva Ralatad CaeTvleboda. d) avTandils akrZaluli hqonda mefesTan Sepasuxeba.

(1) 12. avTandilis romel frazas SeeZlo mefis ganrisxeba?

a) `...mogaxseneb da farmani miboZeo~. b) `raca gkadro, ar gewyinos, ar gahrisxde, ar gaswyreo~. g) `ar gamxado kadnierad, ar amiklo amas zeo~. d) `nu mohkvex mSvildosnobasa, Tqma sjobs sityvisa wynarisa~.

(1) 13. ra SesTavaza mefes avTandilma?

a) qveSevrdomebTan erTad moelxina. b) misTvis TinaTini mieTxovebina. g) sakuTari qaliSvili gaemefebina. d) erTmaneTs nadirobaSi Sejibrebodnen.

(1) 14. rogor Sexvda mefe avTandilis SeTavazebas?

a) iukadrisa gazrdilis SeTavazeba. b) ugulebelyo gazrdilis SeTavazeba. g) sixaruliT daeTanxma gazrdils. d) jildos dahpirda gazrdils.

(1) 15. ris Sesaxeb ar aris saubari teqstSi?

a) mefis sadardeblis. b) avTandilis vaJkacobis. g) TinaTinis guluxvobis. d) samSoblos siyvarulis.

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b) weriTi davaleba (25 qula)

weriTi davalebis instruqcia:

yuradRebiT gaecaniT davalebis pirobas. naweri ar gaswordeba, Tu naSromi davalebas ar upasuxebs, mocemuli teqstis pe-

rifrazia, ar aris Sesrulebuli arc erTi miTiTeba an mocemuli teqsti mTlianobaSi araadekvaturadaa gagebuli, anda enobrivad imdenad gaumarTavia, rom azris gageba Wirs.

naSromi Sesrulebuli unda iyos gasagebi (garkveuli) xelweriT. is monakveTebi, romelTa amokiTxvac gaZneldeba, ar gaswordeba da Txzulebis Sefasebisas mxedve-lobaSi ar iqneba miRebuli.

orive weriT davalebas Tan axlavs sam-sami miTiTeba. am miTiTebebs unda upasu-xoT ise, rom Txzuleba azrobrivad erTiani, mTliani gamovides da ar iyos kiTxveb-ze cal-calke gacemuli pasuxebis meqanikuri jami an mocemuli teqstis perifrazi (Tundac mTeli Txzulebis Sinaarsis gadmocema). gaiTvaliswineT, rom davalebis mi-TiTeba Sesrulebulad ar CaiTvleba, Tu masze mxolod erTi-ori winadadebiT iqneba pasuxi gacemuli.

CamoayalibeT Tqveni azri naTlad, mkafiod, detalurad da dasabuTebulad. naS-romi Sefasdeba imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad Cans masSi argumentirebisa da damoukide-beli azrovnebis unari da ara imis mixedviT, emTxveva Tu ara Tqveni pozicia sayo-velTaod aRiarebul Tvalsazriss. msjeloba unda iyos logikurad gamarTuli da abzacebiT danawevrebuli; unda daicvaT saliteraturo enis normebi.

Savi samuSaosaTvis rveulSi datovebulia adgili, romelic SegiZliaT gamoiye-noT. gaiTvaliswineT, Savad Sesrulebuli namuSevari ar gaswordeba.

pasuxebis furcelSi daSvebuli Secdoma gadaxazeT da nu dajRabniT.

gaaanalizeT teqsti Semdegi miTiTebebis mixedviT:

imsjeleT, rogor xatavs avtori samefo sasaxleSi Seqmnil situacias (yuradReba mi-aqcieT patronymur urTierTobas).

imsjeleT rostevanis mxatvruli saxis Sesaxeb.

gansazRvreT, ra mxatvrul saSualebebs iyenebs avtori da ra funqcia ekisreba maT am teqstSi. Tqveni Tvalsazrisi daasabuTeT!

davaleba # 2

`vefxistyaosnis~ avtori mogviTxrobs TinaTinisa da avTandilis Sexvedris Sesaxeb: I. gaZrcvilsa tansa emosnes yaryumni usapironi,

eburnes moSliT rideni, fasisa Tqmad saWironi, hSvenodes Savni wamwamni, gulisa gasagmironi, mas TeTrsa yelsa ekidnes grZlad Tmani, ar uxSironi.

II. daRrejiT iyo mjdomare ZoweuliTa ridiTa, avTandils uTxra dajdoma wynarad, cnobiTa mSvidiTa. monaman selni daudgna, dajda krZalviT da ridiTa, piris-pir pirsa uWvretda, savse lxiniTa didiTa.

III. qalman ubrZana: `zari mlevs me amisisa Txrobisa; mwadda ara-Tqma, romlisa Rone ara maqvs Tmobisa, magra icia mizezi Senisa aqa xmobisa, rad vzi quSad da daRrejiT, asre mixdili cnobisa?~

IV. ymaman hkadra: `sazarosa Cemgan TqmaRa viT iqmnebis? mzesa mTvare Seeyaros, dailevis, da-ca-Wnebis; azrad arad aRara mcals, Tavi Cemi megonebis, Tqvenve brZaneT, raca gimZims, anu raca gekurnebis~.

V. qalman uTxra saubari kekluc-sityvad, ar duxWirad; ityvis: `Tuca aqanamdis Cemgan Sors xar danamWirad,

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mikvirs, mogxvda wamis yofad saqme Sengan saeWvi rad, magra giTxra pirvel xvalme, seni me mWirs raca Wirad.

VI. gaxsovs, odes Sen da rostans mindors mxeci dagexoca, yma genaxa ucxo vinme, rome cremli moexoca? mas ukaniT gonebaman misman asre damamxoca. Sen genukvi monaxvasa, kidiT kide mohlaxo ca.

VII. aqanamdis naubarsa Tuca veras ver getyvia, magra SoriT siyvaruli Sengan Cemi Semityvia, vici, rome gauwyvedlad TvalTaT cremli gisetyvia, Seupyrixar siyvarulsa, guli Seni dautyvia.

VIII. asre giTxra, samsaxuri Cemi gmarTebs amad orad: pirvel, yma xar, xorcieli aravin gvyavs Senad sworad, merme, Cemi mijnuri xar, dasturia, ar naWorad; wadi, igi moyme Zebne, axlos iyos, Tunda Sorad.

IX. Sengan Cemi siyvaruli amiT ufro gaamyare, rome damxsna SeWirveba, eSma bilwi asapyare, gulsa gare saimedo ia morge, vardi yare, merme modi, lomo, mzesa Segeyrebi, Semeyare.

X. samsa Zebne weliwadsa igi Seni saZebnari; hpovo, modi gamarjvebiT, mxiarulad moubnari; vera hpovo davijereb, iyo Tu-re uCinari; kokobi da ufurWvneli, vardi dagxvde daumWnari.

XI. ficiT giTxrob: Sengan kide Tu SevirTo raca qmari, mzeca momxvdes xorcieli, CemTvis kacad Senaqmari, srulad movswyde samoTxesa, qvesknels viyo dasanTqmari, Seni mklvides siyvaruli, gulsa dana asaqmari~.

XII. moaxsena ymaman: `mzeo, vin giSeri awamwame, sxva pasuxi ramca gkadre, anu ramca Seviwame? me sikvdilsa movelodi, Sen sicocxle gamiwame, viTa mona, samsaxurad ganaRamca wave, wa-, me!~



(1) 1. ra daniSnuleba aqvs pirvel strofs? a) TinaTinis gansakuTrebuli gonierebis warmoCena. b) TinaTinis gansacvifrebeli siuxvis warmoCena. g) TinaTinis sulieri simtkicis warmoCena. d) TinaTinis garegnuli silamazis warmoCena.

(1) 2. ratom iyo avTandili `savse lxiniTa didiTa~?

a) mijnurobis gamJRavnebis saSualeba mieca. b) mijnurTan pirispir darCena eRirsa. g) saTayvanebeli mijnuris gamefebas eRirsa. d) siyvarulis damtkicebis saSualeba mieca.

(1) 3. ra azrs gamoxatavs striqoni: `mwadda ara-Tqma, romlisa Rone ara maqvs Tmobi-

sa~? a) vcdilobdi, ar meTqva is, risi atanac qals ar SeeZlo. b) vcdilobdi, meTqva is, risi Tqmac, vicodi, guls matkenda. g) vcdilobdi, ar meTqva is, risi uTqmelobac aRar SemeZlo. d) vcdilobdi, meTqva is, risi Tqmac yvelasaTvis aucilebeli iyo.

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(1) 4. ra aris avTandilisaTvis `sazaro~? a) TinaTinis mwuxareba. b) TinaTinis davaleba. g) TinaTinis miuwvdomloba. d) TinaTinis ganrisxeba.

(1) 5. romeli mxatvruli saSualebaa gamoyenebuli striqonSi: `mzesa mTvare Seeyaros,

dailevis, da-ca-Wnebis~? a) metafora. b) ironia. g) epiTeti. d) sarkazmi.

(1) 6. ra azris gamoxatva surs avtors striqonSi: `azrad arad aRara mcals, Tavi Ce-

mi megonebis~? a) sakuTari Tavi madardebs, amitom ganSorebas ver gadavitan. b) fiqris unari aRara maqvs, amitom yvelafers Sevasruleb. g) fiqris unari aRara maqvs, radgan sakuTari Tavi madardebs. d) yvelafers usityvod Sevasruleb, Tumc ganSorebas ver gadavitan.

(1) 7. rogor esaubreboda TinaTini avTandils? (upasuxeT mexuTe strofis mixedviT).

a) ironiulad. b) momxibvlelad. g) mkacrad. d) mrisxaned.

(1) 8. ras gulisxmobs TinaTini sityvebSi: `...Tuca aqanamdis Cemgan Sors xar danamWi-

rad, mikvirs, mogxvda wamis yofad saqme Sengan saeWvi rad~? a) marTalia, Sors iWerdi Cemgan Tavs, magram mainc mivxvdi, rom giyvardi. b) aqamde Sors meWira Sengan Tavi, magram ukve SegiZlia xSirad mnaxo xolme. g) aqamde Sors meWira Sengan Tavi, magram axla wamierad agisrulda natvra. d) yvela meubneboda, rom giyvardi, axla ki mec davijere Seni siyvaruli.

(1) 9. ra aRmoCnda TinaTinis daRonebis mizezi?

a) arabeTis spaspetis gulgriloba. b) ucnobi raindis gauCinareba. g) saxelmwifos marTvis sirTule. d) moxuci mamis dauZlureba.

(1) 10. VI strofis romeli striqoni gamoxatavs TinaTinis Txovnas?

a) I striqoni. b) II striqoni. g) III striqoni. d) IV striqoni.

(1) 11. ris miuxedavad icis TinaTinma avTandilis siyvarulis Sesaxeb?

a) imis miuxedavad, rom pirispir amis Sesaxeb ar usaubriaT. b) imis miuxedavad, rom misTvis amis Sesaxeb araferi uTqvamT. g) imis miuxedavad, rom manamde erTmaneTs saerTod ar Sexvedrian. d) imis miuxedavad, rom sakuTar grZnobebs xelmwifes umalavdnen.

(1) 12. ratom miaCnia TinaTins, rom avTandils ormagad evaleba misi samsaxuri?

a) is Tan saukeTeso raindia da Tanac rostevanis gazrdilia. b) is Tan misi mijnuria da Tanac jaris sardalia. g) is Tan misi mijnuria da Tanac saukeTeso megobaria. d) is Tan misi mijnuria da Tanac saukeTeso raindia.

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(1) 13. romel striqonSi iyenebs avtori metaforas? a) `Sengan Cemi siyvaruli amiT ufro gaamyare~. b) `wadi, igi moyme Zebne, axlos iyos, Tunda Sorad~. g) `gulsa gare saimedo ia morge, vardi yare~. d) `samsa Zebne weliwadsa igi Seni saZebnari~.

(1) 14. TinaTinis ra Tviseba Cans mocemul teqstSi?

a) ampartavnoba. b) simamace. g) siuxve. d) keTilgoniereba.

(1) 15. ris Sesaxeb ar aris saubari am teqstSi?

a) avTandilis vaJkacobis. b) mijnuris erTgulebis. g) samSoblos siyvarulis. d) ficis gautexlobis.





naSromi Sesrulebuli unda iyos gasagebi (garkveuli) xelweriT. is monakveTebi, romelTa amokiTxvac gaZneldeba, ar gaswordeba da Txzulebis Sefasebisas mxedvelo-baSi ar iqneba miRebuli.

orive weriT davalebas Tan axlavs sam-sami miTiTeba. am miTiTebebs unda upasuxoT ise, rom Txzuleba azrobrivad erTiani, mTliani gamovides da ar iyos kiTxvebze cal-calke gacemuli pasuxebis meqanikuri jami an mocemuli teqstis perifrazi (Tundac mTeli Txzulebis Sinaarsis gadmocema). gaiTvaliswineT, rom davalebis miTiTeba Ses-rulebulad ar CaiTvleba, Tu masze mxolod erTi-ori winadadebiT iqneba pasuxi gace-muli.

CamoayalibeT Tqveni azri naTlad, mkafiod, detalurad da dasabuTebulad. naSro-mi Sefasdeba imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad Cans masSi argumentirebisa da damoukidebeli azrovnebis unari da ara imis mixedviT, emTxveva Tu ara Tqveni pozicia sayovelTaod aRiarebul Tvalsazriss. msjeloba unda iyos logikurad gamarTuli da abzacebiT danawevrebuli; unda daicvaT saliteraturo enis normebi.

Savi samuSaosaTvis rveulSi datovebulia adgili, romelic SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT. gaiTvaliswineT, Savad Sesrulebuli namuSevari ar gaswordeba.


gaaanalizeT mocemuli teqsti Semdegi miTiTebebis mixedviT:

imsjeleT, raze amaxvilebs avtori yuradRebas mijnurTa pirispir Sexvedris epi-zodSi (yuradReba miaqcieT personaJTa urTierTobis Taviseburebebs).

imsjeleT TinaTinis mxatvruli saxis Sesaxeb (yuradReba miaqcieT mis garegnobasa da qcevis motivacias).

imsjeleT, ra mxatvrul saSualebebs iyenebs avtori da ra funqcia ekisreba maT am teqstSi. Tqveni Tvalsazrisi daasabuTeT!

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davaleba # 3

yuradRebiT waikiTxeT aleqsandre WavWavaZis leqsi `gogCa~ (Semoklebuli varianti): I. gogCa, tba vrceli, xmovanebiT zRvisa mbaZavi, odesme zvirTTa aRqafebiT Relavs mrisxaned; zogjer, viT broli gulubryvilo, wminda, uZravi, Tvis Soris xatavs cisa laJvards da mTaTa mwvaneT.

II. magram naqcevni, misTa kideT ZaZiT mmosvelni, saglovo niSni SenobaTa kvlav erovanTa, sad hyvavebulan didebulad qalaqni vrcelni da sad dRes vxedavT oden buTa da natamalTa.

III. WmunvaTa TvisTa mnaxvelTaca aziareben... udabureba, mCumareba, araraoba. Tvalsa da gulsa kacisasa sevdiT avseben, da uneblieT warmodgeba oxvriT es grZnoba:

IV. aha, palatTa didebulTa ngreuli naSTi. aha, qalaqTa CinebulTa xvedri ucilo, aha, Cvenisa momavlisac namdvili xati; mxolod awmyoze ras dabmulxar, xedvav brmobilo!..

V. dRes es naqcevi, saxierad maCrdilobeli, xedavs Tvis qveSe damCoqvelad oden pirutyvTa, zogjer nadirTa, zogjer mxecTa, da xan warmvleli mun Seafarebs saqonelTa, SoriT zidulTa!..

VI. erTgzis eseca qvani Savni, dRes daxavsilni, urTierTTana kavSirobiT aRmaRlebulan; mkuTvnelni maTni, bednierni da kmayofilni, odesme maTSi gancxromilan da ganSvebulan.

VII. aqaca mjdara Zali maRals taxtsa amayad, wyalobaTa da risxvis frqveviT mmarTveli erTa; aqac uRrRniaT Sursa, mtrobas gulebi xarbad; trfialni aqac SemsWvalvian kvlav erTmanerTTa.

VIII. ravden banovanT Svenebani, axlad mSlilobni Wavlis siwmindes miuzidavs napirs am tbisas; vardni, zambaxni da mixakni da giSris mwyobrni ravdengzis turfad garduRia sarkesa wylisas.

IX. ravdengzis mTvares, Tavmomwones, maTTan STaxedviT ugrZvnia Tvisi Cagrul-yofa da moRrublvila! magram ra?! drosa msvrelis celiT, yovlTa warmwymediT, ciurTa mjobi mSveneblobac sxvaTebr mosTvlila!



(1) 1. rogor gamoiyureba gogCa maSin, rodesac wynaria? a) is amwvanebul mTebsa da lurj zecaze mSvenieria. b) is amwvanebul mTebsa da lurj zecas ireklavs. g) is vrcelia da `xmovanebiT zRvisa mbaZavi~. d) is `odesme zvirTTa aRqafebiT Relavs mrisxaned~.

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(1) 2. ra mxatvruli saSualebaa gamoyenebuli I strofis III striqonSi? a) alegoria. b) groteski. g) Sedareba. d) hiperbola.

(1) 3. II strofis mixedviT, ra `mosavs~ gogCis napirebs ZaZebiT? a) ayvavebuli, vrceli qalaqebi. b) didebul nagebobaTa nangrevebi. g) mgloviare, didebuli qalaqebi. d) Savad Semosili nagebobebi.

(1) 4. III strofis mixedviT, ra aerTianebT gogCis tbis Semogarensa da mis mnaxvelebs? a) Tavmowoneba. b) idumaleba. g) mSveniereba. d) mwuxareba.

(1) 5. IV strofis mixedviT, rogoria yvela didebuli qalaqis xvedri? a) maT arasodes daiviwyeben. b) maT ganadgureba elis. g) maT ganaxleba elis. d) maT veRaravin miagnebs.

(1) 6. IV strofis mixedviT, ras uwinaswarmetyvelebs avtori Tanamedroveebs? a) gogCis napirebze gaSenebuli qalaqebis msgavs momavals. b) usaxlkaroTa msgavs cxovrebas didebuli palatebis nangrevebSi. g) uZlevel mefeTa msgavs cxovrebas didebul palatebSi. d) Cinebuli qalaqebis msgavs bednier da mSvid momavals.

(1) 7. ras gulisxmobs avtori sityvebSi: `mxolod awmyoze ras dabmulxar, xedvav brmo-bilo!~

a) is adamiani, romelic mxolod awmyoTi cxovrobs, ugunuria. b) is adamiani, romelic mxolod momavliT cxovrobs, ugunuria. g) is adamiani, romelic mxolod ocnebobs, ugunuria. d) is adamiani, romelic warsulze fiqrobs, ugunuria.

(1) 8. V strofis mixedviT, vin afarebs Tavs xandaxan tbis napirebze arsebul nangrevebs? a) banovani. b) vaWari. g) momlocveli. d) usaxlkaro.

(1) 9. VI strofis mixedviT, rogor axasiaTebs avtori am nangrevebis Zvel mflobelebs? a) rogorc gancxromiT cxovrebaze meocnebeebs. b) rogorc kmayofilebasa da gancxromaSi mcxovrebT. g) rogorc `urTierTTana kavSirobiT~ amaRlebulebs. d) rogorc Rirsebs _ odesme miaRwion bednierebas.

(1) 10. vis gulisxmobs avtori sityvaSi `Zali~? a) banovans. b) ers. g) mefes. d) moqalaqes.

(1) 11. VII strofis mixedviT, rogor axasiaTebs avtori adrindel mefeebs? a) rogorc guluxv da mrisxane mmarTvelebs. b) rogorc mtrian da ugulo mmarTvelebs. g) rogorc Surian da xarb mmarTvelebs. d) rogorc Zlier da amay mmarTvelebs.

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(1) 12. ra grZnobis Sesaxeb saubrobs avtori VII strofSi? a) megobrobis. b) sasowarkveTilebis. g) siyvarulis. d) SiSis.

(1) 13. rogor axasiaTebs avtori dros leqsis IX strofSi? a) rogorc maradiulobis gamomxatvels. b) rogorc momavlis imeds. g) rogorc warsulis matianes. d) rogorc yovelives momspobs.

(1) 14. ris Sesaxeb ar saubrobs aleqsandre WavWavaZe am leqsSi? a) banovanTa silamazis. b) drois ulmoblobis. g) mefeTa Zlierebis. d) samSoblos siyvarulis.

(1) 15. romeli striqonebi gamoxatavs yvelaze ukeT am nawarmoebis umTavres azrs? a) `gogCa, tba vrceli, xmovanebiT zRvisa mbaZavi, odesme zvirTTa aRqafebiT Relavs mrisxaned~. b) `aha, Cvenisa momavlisac namdvili xati; mxolod awmyoze ras dabmulxar, xedvav brmobilo!~ g) `aqac uRrRniaT Sursa, mtrobas gulebi xarbad; trfialni aqac SemsWvalvian kvlav erTmanerTTa~. d) `ravdengzis mTvares, Tavmomwones, maTTan STaxedviT

ugrZvnia Tvisi Cagrul-yofa da moRrublvila!~











imsjeleT, ra aris mocemuli teqstis mTavari saTqmeli.

imsjeleT, ra mxatvruli saSualebebiTaa igi realizebuli.

CamoayalibeT Tqveni pirovnuli damokidebuleba leqsis mTavari saTqmelis mimarT. Tqveni Tvalsazrisi daasabuTeT!

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davaleba # 4

yuradRebiT waikiTxeT grigol orbelianis leqsi `saRamo gamosalmebisa~: I. mze Caesvena: mis Suqi gamosalmis Jams kavkassa, Tavsa exveva alersiT, viT qali mamas moxucsa! bumberaz mTani mdumared caTamdis ayudebulni, hsxedan, viT devni, spetakis yinul-gvirgviniT Semkulni!

II. maT kldovan gverdTa Savada Rrubelni zed dahswolian da mrisxanebiT qveyanas warRvniTa emuqrebian. gazafxulisa veliTa tye, Semosili simwvaniT, mTebisa kalTebs Seamkobs satkbo sunnelTa mofeniT. wyalni, mTiT daqanebulni, almasebr ufskruls hscvivian, Tergi hrbis, Tergi Rrialebs, kldeni bans eubnebian!

III. Sewuxebuli vumzer gzas da masze etlsa mimsrbolsa, mimtacsa yovlis keTilis, raca gvaqvs ama sofelsa, raca gviSvenebs sicocxles zeciurisa sxiviTa da aRgvamaRlebs am sofliT sulisa aRmafreniTa!

IV. midixar, satrfov, mSvidobiT! marad dRe Cemi kurTxeva cad mimarT SenTvis meqneba, vidremdis suli meleva. arRa aamon aw TvalTa guli Senisa xilviTa, warvides Cemi sicocxle uSenod SromiT, zrunviTa.

V. etli hrbis, satrfo mSordebis... Tana hsdevs Cemi mas suli, vmzer... Sors ZlivsRa hsCans... aRar hsCans... raRasa vumzer Smagqmnili? siSoris nislma mihfara TvalTagan etli mimsrboli, da guliT oxrva simwaris aRmouteve unebli...

VI. mSvidobiT! vinca damatkbe sicocxlis netarebiTa, aw visTvis guli mikvnesis, suli hwuxs ganSorebiTa. vis xilva arRa Semmosavs sixarulisa naTliTa, ar ganmasvenebs mwuxares alersis xmiTa tkbiliTa!

VII. magram am sofels Sens garda vina myavs manugeSeblad, rom Senc ganmSordi, damtove, mwuxarebisa me msxverplad? waxvel, warmtace yoveli saamebeli sulisa, da vin ganmiRos aw kari bedisa dakargulisa?

VIII. an me ugunurs, rad mrwamda bedisa dausruleba? aw davhSTi, martod... mSvidobiT! Sens guls nu hSordes mSvidoba! ars mwuxareba sulisa, ar aqvs nugeSi romelsa, hsjobs ena hsdumdes, xma Seswydes, moTqmiT ra ergos gulwylulsa?

IX. SeRamda... marto vzi WmunviT; Cemi Civili vis esmis? dayruvda are... mxoloda xma ismis zogjer guSagis. mxolod hsCans, mTani mdumared ayudebulan caTamdis, da yazibegsa saamod zeda varskvlavi dahnaTis! wyalni, mTiT daqanebulni, ufskrulsa ikargebian, Tergi hrbis, Tergi Rrialebs, kldeni bans eubnebian!



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(1) 1. ra SeiZleba iyos moxuci mamisa da mTebis Sedarebis safuZveli? a) moxuci mama da kavkasionis mTebi erTnairad Zvirfasia avtorisaTvis. b) moxuci mama iseve gaaTeTra siberem, rogorc mTebi _ Tovlma. g) moxuci mama iseve xandazmulia, rogorc beberi mTebi. d) moxuci mamaca da kavkasionis mTebic drom gaaTeTra.

(1) 2. rogor aRwers avtori kavkasionis kldeebs leqsis II strofSi? a) kldeebi, mrisxane Tergis SxefebiT dasvelebuli, almasebiviT brwyinavs. b) kldeebi mrisxaneni arian da qveyanas warRvniT emuqrebian. g) kldeebma mrisxaneba daiviwyes da mwvaned aubibindaT kalTebi. d) kldeebs mrisxane da Savi Rrublebi Semoxvevia gars.

(1) 3. II strofis romel striqonSia gamoyenebuli Sedareba? a) III striqonSi. b) IV striqonSi. g) V striqonSi. d) VI striqonSi.

(1) 4. III strofis mixedviT, ras warmoadgens lirikuli gmirisaTvis siyvaruli? a) amqveyniuri sikeTiT damatkbobel gancdas. b) samSoblos monatrebis mtkivneul grZnobas. g) wuTisoflis amaoebaze amaRlebis saSualebas. d) wuxilisa da tanjvis mudmiv mizezs.

(1) 5. III strofis mixedviT, ra SeiZleba akavSirebdes adamians zeciur harmoniasTan? a) aRmafrena. b) rwmena. g) sikeTe. d) siyvaruli.

(1) 6. ris simbolos warmoadgens `mimsrboli etli~? a) megobris gamgzavrebis. b) megobris daRupvis. g) siyvarulis dabrunebis. d) siyvarulis dakargvis.

(1) 7. ras hpirdeba lirikuli gmiri mijnurs IV strofSi? a) aRarasodes daiviwyebs mis mSvenier Tvalebs. b) mTeli sicocxle masze izrunebs. g) misi sicocxle SromaSi Caivlis. d) sicocxlis bolomde misTvis ilocebs.

(1) 8. ra miznis miRweva surs avtors striqoniT: `vmzer... Sors ZlivsRa hsCans... aRar

hsCans... raRasa vumzer Smagqmnili?~ a) Seqmnas megobarTan gamoTxovebis sevdiani suraTi. b) Seqmnas samSoblosTan ganSorebis dinamikuri suraTi. g) Seqmnas satrfosTan ganSorebis dinamikuri suraTi. d) Seqmnas siWabukesTan gamoTxovebis tragikuli suraTi.

(1) 9. vis mimarTavs lirikuli gmiri VI strofSi? a) samSoblos. b) satrfos. g) ufals. d) RvTismSobels.

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(1) 10. lirikuli gmiris ra gancdas gamoxatavs striqoni: `da vin ganmiRos aw kari be-disa dakargulisa?~

a) aRSfoTebas. b) gaognebas. g) mrisxanebas. d) sasowarkveTas.

(1) 11. ra igulisxmeba VIII strofis I striqonSi? a) ugunurebaa gjerodes, rom bedi aucileblad gimuxTlebs. b) ugunurebaa gjerodes, rom bedniereba dausrulebelia. g) ugunurebaa gjerodes, rom siyvaruli ar arsebobs. d) ugunurebaa gjerodes, rom siyvaruli netarebaa.

(1) 12. riT aris gamowveuli mwuxareba, `ar aqvs nugeSi romelsa~? a) megobris dakargviT. b) rwmenis dakargviT. g) samSoblos dakargviT. d) siyvarulis dakargviT.

(1) 13. ra qmnis kontrasts IX strofSi? a) garindebuli are da Tergis Rriali. b) garindebuli are da mdumare mTebi. g) varskvlavis naTeba da myinvaris siTeTre. d) Tergis Rriali da kldeebis eqo.

(1) 14. ris Sesaxeb ar saubrobs grigol orbeliani am leqsSi? a) bunebis silamazis. b) samSoblos siyvarulis. g) siyvarulis warmavlobis. d) sulieri amaRlebis.

(1) 15. ra aris am nawarmoebis umTavresi azri? a) bunebis maradiulobis fonze adamianuri tkivili lirikuli gmirisaTvis umniSv-

nelod gamoiyureba. b) zneobrivad arasrulfasovania is adamiani, romelic siyvarulis maradiulobas

arafrad miiCnevs. g) mxolod mSvenieri da maradiuli buneba aniWebs adamians sulier simSvides. d) siyvarulia amqveynad is erTaderTi grZnoba, romelic adamians sulierad aRamaR-

lebs.

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davaleba # 5

yuradRebiT waikiTxeT nikoloz baraTaSvilis leqsi `fiqrni mtkvris pirzed~: I. warved wyalis pirs sevdiani fiqrT gasarTvelad, aq veZiebdi nacnobs adgils gansasveneblad; aq lbils mdelozed sanugeSod viname cremliT, aqac yoveli aremare iyo mowyeniT; nelad moRelavs modudune mtkvari ankara da mis zvirTebSi krTis laJvardi cisa kamara.

II. idayv-dayrdnobil yurs ugdeb me missa Cxrialsa da Tvalni rbian Sorad, Sorad, cis dasavalsa! vin icis, mtkvaro, ras butbuteb, visTvis ras ityvi? mraval droebis mowame xar, magram xar utyvi!..

III. ar vici, am dros Cems winaSe Cveni cxovreba rad iyo fuWi da mxoloda amaoeba?.. mainc ra aris Cveni yofa _ wuTisofeli, Tu ara oden sawyauli aRuvsebeli? vin aris igi, vis Tvis guli erTxel aRevsos, da rac mieRos erTxel natvriT, isi ekmaros?

IV. TviTon mefenic uZlevelni, romelT umaRles arc vinRa aris, da winaSe arc vin aRudges, romelT xelT epyrasT umaRlesi soflis dideba,

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SfoTven da drtvinven da ityvian: `rodis iqneba, is samefoca Cveni iyos?~ da aRiZvrian imav miwisTvis, rac dRes Tu xval TviTve arian!..

V. Tund keTil mefe rodis aris mosvenebuli? misi sicocxle: zrunva, Sroma da cda qebuli; misi fiqria, Tu viT ukeT man upatronos Taviss mamulsa, TvisTa SvilTa, rom Semdgomsa dros ar misces wyeviT Tvis saxeli STamomavlobas!.. magram Tu erTxel unda sofels bolo moeRos, maSin viRam sTqvas maTi saqme, vin sadRa iyos?..

VI. magram radganac kacni gvqvian _ Svilni soflisa, unda kideca mivdioT mas, gvesmas mSoblisa. arc kaci varga, rom cocxali mkvdarsa emsgavsos, iyos sofelSi da soflisTvis ara izrunvos!



(1) 1. ra mizniT gaemarTa lirikuli gmiri mdinaris napirisaken? a) bunebis silamazis SesagrZnobad. b) `lbils mdelozed~ dasasveneblad. g) nacnobi adgilebis mosanaxuleblad. d) sulieri simSvidis mosapoveblad.

(1) 2. I strofis romeli striqoni gamoxatavs azrs, rom buneba lirikuli gmiris gu-neba-ganwyobilebis Tanaziaria?

a) I striqoni. b) II striqoni. g) III striqoni. d) IV striqoni.

(1) 3. II strofis mixedviT, saiT gaurbis mzera lirikul gmirs? a) varskvlavebisaken. b) zecisaken. g) mtkvrisaken. d) horizontisaken.

(1) 4. romel striqonSia gamoyenebuli gapirovneba? a) `aq veZiebdi nacnobs adgils gansasveneblad~. b) `aq lbils mdelozed sanugeSod viname cremliT~. g) `vin icis, mtkvaro, ras butbuteb, visTvis ras ityvi?~ d) `Tund keTil mefe rodis aris mosvenebuli?~

(1) 5. ra aris II strofis mTavari saTqmeli? a) mtkvari bevris mnaxvelia, Tumca adamians misi ar esmis. b) mtkvari `cis dasavalis~ Semdegac agrZelebs Tavis gzas. g) mtkvris butbuti sasiamovno mosasmenia da misi gageba iolia. d) mtkvris zvirTebSi krTis misi amwvanebuli napirebi da `cisa kamara~.

(1) 6. avtoris azriT, rogoria adamianTa arseboba? (upasuxeT III strofis mixedviT). a) ocnebasa da natvras moklebuli. b) sawuTrosTan brZoliT aRsavse. g) Rirebuli da gonierebiT aRsavse. d) yovelgvar azrs moklebuli.

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(1) 7. romeli fraza azustebs avtoris azrs: `ar vici, am dros Cems winaSe Cveni cxov-reba rad iyo fuWi da mxoloda amaoeba?..~

a) `vin icis, mtkvaro, ras butbuteb, visTvis ras ityvi?~ b) `mainc ra aris Cveni yofa _ wuTisofeli, Tu ara oden sawyauli aRuvsebeli?~ g) `rodis iqneba, is samefoca Cveni iyos?~ d) `Tund keTil mefe rodis aris mosvenebuli?~ (1) 8. ras miemarTeba sityvebi: `sawyauli aRuvsebeli~? a) imeds. b) momavals. g) tanjvas. d) cxovrebas. (1) 9. ratom iwyebs avtori IV strofSi mefeebis Sesaxeb saubars? (upasuxeT III strofSi

gamoTqmuli mosazrebebis gaTvaliswinebiT). a) mefeebi yvelaze naklebad arian Sepyrobilni keTili survilebiT. b) mefeebi yvelaze ufro arian Sepyrobilni boroti survilebiT. g) mefeebs yvelaze didi Zalaufleba upyriaT xelT. d) mefeebs yvelaze meti survili darCaT ausrulebeli. (1) 10. ris gamo `SfoTven da drtvinven~ mefeebi? a) maradiuli sicocxlis mopovebis gamo. b) cxovrebis sisastikis gacnobierebis gamo. g) Zalauflebis gafarToebis survilis gamo. d) wuTisoflis gardauvali warmavlobis gamo. (1) 11. V strofis mixedviT, ratom kargavs azrs `keTili mefis~ moRvaweoba? a) mefeebs mainc wyevliT moigoneben. b) mefeebs STamomavloba ar daafasebs. g) samyaro isedac dasaRupavadaa ganwiruli. d) samyaroSi adamiani verafers Secvlis. (1) 12. VI strofis mixedviT, vin aris adamiani? a) bunebis moamage. b) samSoblos erTguli. g) RvTis morCili. d) wuTisoflis Svili. (1) 13. ras gulisxmobs avtori sityvebSi: `unda kideca mivdioT mas, gvesmas mSoblisa~? a) adamianma mefeTa kanonebiT unda icxovros. b) adamianma sasufevlis kanonebiT unda icxovros. g) adamianma winaparTa kanonebiT unda icxovros. d) adamianma wuTisoflis kanonebiT unda icxovros. (1) 14. ris Sesaxeb ar saubrobs nikoloz baraTaSvili am leqsSi? a) adamianis daniSnulebis. b) mefeTa Rvawlis. g) samSoblos siyvarulis. d) cxovrebis amaoebis. (1) 15. ra aris am nawarmoebis umTavresi azri? a) wuTisoflis amaoeba adamians aiZulebs, `rom cocxali mkvdarsa emsgavsos~. b) wuTisoflis amaoeba adamians muyaiT da aqtiur cxovrebas aiZulebs. g) wuTisoflis amaoebis gamo adamianma amqveyniurobaze aRar unda izrunos. d) wuTisoflis amaoebis miuxedavad, adamianma unda izrunos amqveyniur cxovrebaze.

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davaleba # 6

yuradRebiT waikiTxeT nikoloz baraTaSvilis leqsi `vpove taZari~: I. vpove taZari Sesafari, udabnod mdgari; mun enTo marad uqrobeli wmida lampari. angelosTagan ikroda mun daviTis qnari da ganismoda ciur dasTa galobis zari!

II. mwiri soflisa, damaSvrali misiTa RelviT, mun veZiebdi gansvenebas wrfeliTa zraxviT; gulsa, moklulsa kacT siaviT da bedis brunviT, lampari wmida ganmitfobda ciuris sxiviT!

III. mun gundrukis wil Sevswiravdi wmidas siyvaruls, romlis sakurTxad davsdebdi me Cems gulsa da suls ama siamiT, netarebiT esreT aRvsebuls megona, vhxedav sasufevels aq daSenebuls!

IV. magram sawuTro gana vismes didxans axarebs? ganhqra taZari da udabno Cemda mdumarebs; mas aqeT Cems guls netareba ar asadarebs, mis nacvlad sevda da wyvdiadi daisadgurebs!

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V. moispo mswraflad misi naSTi da misi kvali! gana Tu droman dahkra Tvisi mas avi Tvali! _ ara, mosZagda mas sofeli cru da muxTali! damSTa me mxolod mis lamprisgan cecxli damqrali!

VI. verRa aRmigo siyvarulma kvalad taZari! versad aRvanTe daSTomili misi lampari! esreT damixSo ukuRmarTma nugeSis kari da daval oblad isev mwiri miusafari!



(1) 1. rogori samyaroa aRwerili leqsis I strofSi? a) ararealuri. b) groteskuli. g) realuri. d) tragikuli. (1) 2. ra igulisxmeba II strofis I striqonSi? a) lirikul gmirs sawuTros Relva verafers aklebs. b) lirikuli gmiri gaaxara sawuTros Relvam. g) lirikuli gmiri daRala sawuTros SfoTvam. d) lirikuli gmiri sulier simSvides eZebs. (1) 3. II strofis mixedviT, ra mizniT mivida lirikuli gmiri taZarSi? a) kacTa siavis dasamarcxeblad. b) sulieri simSvidis mosapoveblad. g) ciuri sxivis saxilvelad. d) xetialis Semdeg dasasveneblad. (1) 4. II strofis mixedviT, konkretulad ris gamoa gulmokluli lirikuli gmiri? a) adamianTa borotebisa da bedis cvalebadobis gamo. b) kacTa siavisa da bedisadmi daumorCileblobis gamo. g) mudmivi Ziebisa da bedis brunvis gamo. d) wrfeli zraxvebisa da tragikuli bedis gamo. (1) 5. ra gancda eufleba lirikul gmirs wminda siyvarulis uflisaTvis Sewirvis Sem-

deg? (upasuxeT III strofis mixedviT). a) sruli simartovis. b) usazRvro bednierebis. g) Rrma mwuxarebis. d) xorcieli siamovnebis. (1) 6. III strofis mixedviT, rogor aRiqvamda lirikuli gmiri udabnoSi mdgar taZars? a) rogorc absurdul samyaros. b) rogorc groteskul samyaros. g) rogorc miuRebel samyaros. d) rogorc RvTaebriv samyaros. (1) 7. leqsSi vkiTxulobT: `megona, vhxedav...~. ra egona lirikul gmirs? a) mas egona, rom dedamiwaze RvTaebrivi samyaros nawili ipova. b) mas egona, rom sasufeveli dedamiwaze ar SeiZleba arsebobdes. g) mas egona, rom warmosaxva realobaze bevrad ufro Rirebulia. d) mas egona, rom xedavs taZars, romlis moZebnac SeuZlebelia.

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(1) 8. wuTisoflis ra Tvisebas usvams xazs avtori leqsis IV strofSi? a) momxibvlel mravalferovnebas. b) mosawyen erTferovnebas. g) tragikul cvalebadobas. d) warmtac maradiulobas.

(1) 9. ra mxatvruli saSualebaa gamoyenebuli sityvebSi: `udabno Cemda mdumarebs~? a) gapirovneba. b) epiTeti. g) Sedareba. d) hiperbola.

(1) 10. V strofis mixedviT, ris gamo ar SeiZleboda gamqraliyo taZari? a) boroti sulis. b) drois msvlelobis. g) lampris Caqrobis. d) wuTisoflis muxTlobis.

(1) 11. VI strofis mixedviT, ras ar ZaluZs ocnebis taZris xelaxla ageba? a) lampars. b) rwmenas. g) sawuTros. d) siyvaruls.

(1) 12. ras gulisxmobs avtori striqonSi: `da daval oblad isev mwiri miusafari!~? a) lirikuli gmiri Tavs damarcxebulad grZnobs. b) lirikuli gmiri Tavs damcirebulad grZnobs. g) lirikuli gmiri Tavs martosulad grZnobs. d) lirikuli gmiri Tavs motyuebulad grZnobs.

(1) 13. oblobisa da miusafrobis garda, lirikuli gmiris kidev ra sulieri mdgomareo-

bis Sesaxeb saubrobs avtori VI strofSi? a) aRSfoTebis. b) gulgrilobis. g) uimedobis. d) SiSis.

(1) 14. ris Sesaxeb ar saubrobs nikoloz baraTaSvili am leqsSi? a) samSoblos siyvarulis. b) sawuTros cvalebadobis. g) wminda siyvarulis. d) wuTisoflis ulmoblobis.

(1) 15. ra aris am nawarmoebis umTavresi azri? a) adamiani ver aRwevs miwier didebas. b) adamiani ver aRwevs, rasac eswrafvis. g) adamiani ver kmayofildeba miRweuli warmatebiT. d) adamiani ver moipovebs saxalxo aRiarebas.

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davaleba # 7

yuradRebiT waikiTxeT lado asaTianis leqsi `vaJa-fSavelas naambobi~: I. vin damibeda gzebi poetis,

vin gamamzada sabediswerod! nuTu amqveynad misTvis movedi, rom unda mxolod leqsebi vwero!

II. nuTu sxva rame, simReris garda, ver uSvelida tkivilebs Cemsas! an ratom aris, rom yovel qalTan gamijnureba mCvevia leqsad?

III. umegobroba ar miglovia da arc moleqse myavs winapari, me zRapari Tu gamigonia, babuaCemis Tqmuli zRapari,

IV. da mxolod jiSi mimagrebs striqons, jiSi gmiruli, jiSi qarTuli, babuaCemi vaJkaci iyo, satevariT da cxeniT ganTqmuli.

V. man did muxnarSi mohkla taxebi da maTi xorciT mzrdida niadag, mitom ar miyvars me artaxebi da mitom vargvar adamianad!

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VI. man erTxel gangeb damkoda mxarSi da ucodveli sisxli madina, svel balaxebSi damtova bavSvi da mwvervalebi gadinadira.

VII. mas Semdeg bevris mklavi avcele, Svebac vigeme da gaWirvebac, da vidre leqsad ar gadavwere, manamde mklavda me es Wriloba.

VIII. babuaCemma bunebis kari gamiRo oxvriT da simZimiliT da STamagona, rom leqsi aris kacis da qveynis gulistkivili.

IX. man Semayvara samSoblo Cemi, romlisTvis bevrma sisxli daRvara, man Semayvara bunebis cremli da salamuric man Semayvara.

X. samSoblos trfobiT guli davsere, maTrobda, rogorc Rvino yvaruli da vidre leqsad ar gadavwere, manamde mklavda eg siyvaruli.

XI. leqsma ki Sekra Wriloba civi da gaanaTa Cemi kacoba da Cemi gulis yovelgvar tkivils mxolod da mxolod leqsma ajoba.

XII. verc dedis xelma, verc satrfos eSxma ver gamiyuCa Wabuks iara, da Cemi gulis gmiruli kvnesa martoden leqsma gaiziara.

XIII. mec mitom vbedav arwivul yivils, roca guls gahkravs civi niavi, rom leqsi Svelis yovelgvar tkivils da leqsi TviTon tkivili ari.

XIV. da radgan mergo viyo poeti _P Cemi cxovrebis sabediswerod, radgan am qveynad misTvis movedi, rom unda mxolod leqsebi vwero,

XV. radgan sxva rame, simReris garda, axlac ver Svelis tkivilebs Cemsas, _ mjera, am diad bunebis karTan me TviT sikvdilsac gardavqmni leqsad!



(1) 1. ra aris leqsis lirikuli gmiris bediswera? a) SemoqmedebiTi wva. b) umegobrod cxovreba. g) fizikuri tanjva. d) martoobaSi sikvdili.

(1) 2. ra igulisxmeba sityvaSi `simRera~? a) garToba. b) mijnuroba. g) musika. d) poezia.

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(1) 3. ris Tqma surs avtors sityvebiT: `yovel qalTan gamijnureba mCvevia leqsad...~? a) misTvis `yovel qalTan~ gamijnureba poeziis gareSec SesaZlebelia. b) misTvis mTavari mizani satrfos TanagrZnobis mopovebaa. g) misTvis mijnurobis Tema poeturi Semoqmedebis erTaderTi gamoxatulebaa. d) misTvis TviTgamoxatvis umTavresi saSualeba poeturi Semoqmedebaa.

(1) 4. babuis romel Tvisebaze miuTiTebs sityvebi: `satevariT da cxeniT ganTqmuli~?

a) simamaceze. b) sibrZneze. g) mimteveblobaze. d) SorsmWvretelobaze.

(1) 5. ra igulisxmeba V strofis III da IV striqonebSi?

a) lirikuli gmiri gulmowyale adamiania. b) lirikuli gmiri WeSmariti mijnuria. g) lirikuli gmiri saukeTeso meomaria. d) lirikuli gmiri Tavisuflebismoyvare pirovnebaa.

(1) 6. ra igulisxmeba sityvebSi: `...bevris mklavi avcele~?

a) Tavganwirul megobrad davibade. b) bevri mowinaaRmdege davamarcxe. g) kacTmoyvare adamianad viqeci. d) SesaniSnav monadired Camovyalibdi.

(1) 7. ra mizniT `gauRo bunebis kari~ babuam SviliSvils?

a) raTa mas gangeb dakodili mxari advilad Sexorceboda. b) raTa mas mosisxle mtrebis sisxli daeRvara. g) raTa mas `mwvervalebis gadanadireba~ advilad SesZleboda. d) raTa mas `kacis da qveynis~ gasaWiri Seecno.

(1) 8. ra aTrobda avtors `rogorc Rvino yvaruli~?

a) bavSvobisdroindeli Wriloba. b) qveynis siyvaruli. g) satrfos silamaze. d) bunebis mSveniereba.

(1) 9. ra mxatvruli saSualebaa gamoyenebuli striqonSi: `da gaanaTa Cemi kacoba~?

a) metafora. b) epiTeti. g) gapirovneba. d) Sedareba.

(1) 10. ram gauyuCa, lirikuli gmiris TqmiT, `Wabuks iara~?

a) `gmirulma kvnesam~. b) `martoden leqsma~. g) `dedis xelma~. d) `satrfos eSxma~.

(1) 11. ra igulisxmeba sityvebSi: `...arwivul yivils~?

a) uimedobis gancda. b) gmiruli suliskveTeba. g) frenis survili. d) warsulis monatreba.

(1) 12. avtoris azriT, ra ucnauri Zala aqvs poezias?

a) sikvdiliT sikvdils anadgurebs. b) silamaziT silamazes sjobnis. g) sicocxliT sicocxles axangrZlivebs. d) tkiviliT tkivils ayuCebs.

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(1) 13. avtoris azriT, ra akavSirebs mas vaJa-fSavelasTan? a) vaJas tolfasi mweralia. b) vaJas sulieri memkvidrea. g) vaJasaviT Seupovari meomaria. d) vaJasaviT bunebis Svilia.

(1) 14. ris Sesaxeb ar saubrobs lado asaTiani am leqsSi?

a) aRzrdis meTodebis. b) poeziis daniSnulebis. g) samSoblos siyvarulis. d) rwmenis uaryofis.

(1) 15. romeli striqonebi gamoxatavs yvelaze ukeT am nawarmoebis umTavres azrs?

a) `verc dedis xelma, verc satrfos eSxma ver gamiyuCa Wabuks iara...~

b) `man erTxel gangeb damkoda mxarSi da ucodveli sisxli madina~.

g) `radgan am qveynad misTvis movedi, rom unda mxolod leqsebi vwero...~

d) `umegobroba ar miglovia da arc moleqse myavs winapari~.











imsjeleT, ra aris, avtoris azriT, poeziis daniSnuleba.

imsjeleT lirikuli gmiris babuis mxatvruli saxis Sesaxeb.

imsjeleT, ra mxatvrul saSualebebs iyenebs avtori am teqstSi. Tqveni Tvalsazrisi daasabuTeT!

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davaleba # 8

yuradRebiT waikiTxeT lado asaTianis leqsi `cixis sizmari~: I. roca mTvare Sewyvets kaSkaSs

da bnels Semoixvevs, ise, rogorc daRlil vaJkacs,

mZimed sZinavs cixes. II. sZinavs cixes, natamali

xmac ar akrTobs smenas, sZinavs cixes da Tamaris

saocnebo senaks. III. sZinavs, fiqrebs alamazebs

da sizmarSi xedavs, rom mis beber galavanze arwivebi sxedan.

IV. rom kvlav ismens ZvelTa velTa niav-qaris nanas, rom mis beber saZirkvelTan qarTvelebi dganan,

V. rom dilisken, roca dneba muqi Suqi mTvaris, galavanze gadmodgeba saqarTvelos Tvali.

VI. ixureba jixurebad daRrubluli sivrce, dedofali iyureba artanujis mxrisken.

VII. sZinavs cixes, janiani TrTis da sizmrad xedavs: es qarTvelTa jari aris Tu uRrani xeTa,

VIII. es nislia Cveneburi _ mzesaviT rom moCans, Tu qarTvelTa Zveleburi Calisferi droSa.

IX. visken moaqvT es almebi, vis uxdian CaCqans. es _ Tamari esalmeba saqarTvelos laSqars.

X. ixureba jixurebad daRrubluli sivrce, es _ Tamari iyureba artanujis mxrisken.

XI. sZinavs cixes, magram diliT mze rom iwyebs kaSkaSs, eRviZeba, rogorc ZiliT dasvenebul vaJkacs.

XII. eRviZeba, rogorc sisxliT gagiJebul mxedars. eRviZeba, magram ZilSi naxuls veRar xedavs,

XIII. veRar xedavs, gaavdeba, aSlis xavsis balans da gruxunebs naadrevi gazafxulis gvarad.

XIV. mere isev alamazebs sizmriT Tavis sve-beds da xavsian galavanze arwivebi Tvlemen.

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(1) 1. ris Tqma surs avtors `daRlil vaJkacTan~ cixis SedarebiT? a) cixis dacvas TavisuflebisaTvis mebrZoli adamianebi Seewirnen. b) cixeSi qveynis TavisuflebisaTvis mebrZoli gmirebi ganisveneben. g) sibneleSi cixe samSoblos moRalate adamians waagavs. d) uZvelesi cixe gmiruli warsulis didebuli naSTia.

(1) 2. ra mxatvruli saSualebaa gamoyenebuli sityvebSi: `sZinavs cixes~? a) gapirovneba. b) Sedareba g) hiperbola. d) epiTeti.

(1) 3. ra daniSnuleba aqvs leqsSi `Tamaris saocnebo senakis~ xsenebas? a) qarTvelTa Zlevamosili gamarjvebebis gandidebis. b) Tamaris sagmiro saqmeTa warmoCenis. g) warsulis mimzidveli suraTis gacocxlebis. d) damarcxebiT gamowveuli tragizmis gadmocemis.

(1) 4. ra simboluri datvirTva SeiZleba hqondes arwivs leqsis monakveTSi:

`...galavanze arwivebi sxedan~? a) igi mZime marcxiT gamowveul sasowarkveTilebas gamoxatavs. b) igi konkretuli gamarjvebiT gamowveul aRfrTovanebas gamoxatavs. g) igi saqarTvelos didebul warsulsa da Zlevamosilebas gamoxatavs. d) igi uimedo momavliT gamowveul sevdas gamoxatavs.

(1) 5. ra igulisxmeba sityvebSi: `...dneba muqi Suqi mTvaris~? a) varskvlavebi akiafdnen. b) TandaTanobiT Ramdeba. g) mTvare amosvlas iwyebs. d) ganTiadi axlovdeba.

(1) 6. ratom `TrTis~ mZinare cixe? a) sizmarSi xedavs saqarTvelos daburul uRran tyeebs. b) sizmarSi xedavs mogebuli brZolebis amaRelvebel suraTebs. g) sizmarSi xedavs avis momaswavebeli nisliT dafarul mzes. d) sizmarSi xedavs damarcxebis niSnad daxril Calisfer droSas.

(1) 7. ratom `eRviZeba~ cixes `rogorc sisxliT gagiJebul mxedars~? a) sizmarma mas naTeli momavlis imedi gauRviZa. b) sizmarma masSi brZolis Jini Caaqro. g) sizmarma mas warsuliT gamowveuli sevda mohgvara. d) sizmarma masSi brZolis Jini gaaRviZa.

(1) 8. ra ganapirobebs imas, rom cixe `gaavdeba, aSlis xavsis balans~? a) gamoRviZebuls avdriani gazafxuli xvdeba. b) gamoRviZebuls miuRebeli realoba xvdeba. g) gamoRviZebuls saSineli xmauri aRizianebs. d) gamoRviZebuli veRar ixsenebs warsuls.

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(1) 9. romel mxatvrul saxeSi igulisxmeba Tamar mefe? a) `Cveneburi nisli~. b) `saqarTvelos Tvali~. g) `naadrevi gazafxuli~. d) `Suqi mTvaris~.

(1) 10. ra funqcia akisria striqonebs: `ixureba jixurebad daRrubluli sivrce~? a) gamoxatavs samSoblos siyvarulisa da xelmwifis pativiscemis gancdas. b) gamoxatavs avtoris sasowarkveTilebasa da momavlis srul uimedobas. g) dinamikurobas matebs suraTsa da amZafrebs mkiTxvelis emocias. d) Seucnobeli warsulis winaSe SiSis gancdas unergavs mkiTxvels.

(1) 11. ris Tqma surs avtors sityvebiT: `...da xavsian galavanze arwivebi Tvlemen~? a) warsulma didebam kvali ar datova. b) ukeTesi momavlis imedi ar gamqrala. g) uZveles cixes xavsiani galavani akravs. d) mxolod arwivebsRa axsovT didebuli warsuli.

(1) 12. ra funqcia akisria leqsSi sizmars? a) gaamarTlos awmyoSi qarTveli eris umoqmedoba. b) warmoaCinos kontrasti warsulsa da awmyos Soris. g) aCvenos qarTvelTa damsaxureba kacobriobis winaSe. d) daakninos Tamar mefis istoriuli Rvawli.

(1) 13. rogor xasiaTdeba teqstSi avtoris Tanamedroveoba? a) rogorc pirovnebis damTrgunveli sinamdvile. b) rogorc gardasuli epoqis raindebis sauflo. g) rogorc warsulis Sesatyvisi didebuleba. d) rogorc sabrZolo suliskveTebisagan daclili realoba.

(1) 14. ris Sesaxeb ar saubrobs lado asaTiani am leqsSi? a) didebuli warsulis Sesaxeb. b) ganTqmuli winaprebis Sesaxeb. g) sarwmunoebis dakninebis Sesaxeb. d) drois daundoblobis Sesaxeb.

(1) 15. ra aris mocemuli leqsis ZiriTadi mizandasaxuloba? a) saqarTvelos didebuli bunebis aRwera. b) saqarTvelos awmyos gaidealeba. g) saqarTvelos momavlis gadaWarbebuli SiSi. d) saqarTvelos warsulis gaidealeba.

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imsjeleT saqarTvelos warsulis mimarT avtoris damokidebulebis Sesaxeb.

imsjeleT, ra gancdas iwvevs mkiTxvelSi avtoris Tanadrouli realoba (yuradReba miaqcieT striqonebs: `ZilSi naxuls veRar xedavs... gaavdeba, aSlis xavsis ba-lans...~).

imsjeleT, ra mxatvrul saSualebebs iyenebs avtori am teqstSi da ra funqcia ekisreba maT. Tqveni Tvalsazrisi daasabuTeT!

davaleba # 9

TxzulebaSi `grigol xanZTelis cxovreba~ giorgi merCule mogviTxrobs: xolo acTuna mterman xelmwifei igi da moiyvana man dedakaci siZvisai cixesa mas Sina.

da viTarca esma netarsa grigols saqme igi sulisa ganmxrwneli, Sewuxna friad. da amxila pirispir xelmwifesa mas. xolo man aRuTqua codvisa mis gantevebai da dedakaci-sa mis wargzavnai, vinaica moeyvana igi. da ver daamtkica Tvisi brZanebai, rameTu dae-mona gulisTqumasa.

xolo netarman grigol pova Jami marjue, odesca kurapalati Sors iyo artanujsa. dResa erTsa SatberdiT warvida da miiwia mimwuxri Zirsa mis cixisasa. da kaci miuvli-na dedakacsa mas Wamadisa Txovad da mun dadgomisa mizezi SeuTuala. xolo man sixaru-liTa didiTa ganixara da mravalferi sanovage warsca wmidisa misTvis da mowafeTa mis-Ta. da viTarca ganTena, kualad mouvlina kaci, raiTa mivides xilvad misa. maSin ufro-isad ganmxiarulebuli mswrafl movida wmidisa mis orTa Tana mxevalTa TvisTa, rai-Tamca Rirs iqmna juarsa netarisa mis kacisasa.

xolo man ara daswera juari, aramed ubrZana ganSorebulad dajdomai. da mowafeni kide-re gandges wamisyofiTa moZRurisa TvisisaiTa da egreTve _ msaxurni igi dedani, rameTu wmidisa mis SiSi yovelTa zeda mifenil iyo. maSin hrqua mas netarman grigol: `hoi, sawyalobelo! raisaTvis Soris col-qmarTa STaWril xar warsawymedelad Senda saukunod borotiTa miT codviTa, romliTa damonebul xar eSmakisada da cudiTa raiT-

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me mizeziTa sabrxe qmnul-xar didisa xelmwifisada?!~ xolo man cremliT hrqua: `wmi-dao RmrTisao, me Tavsa Cemsa zeda ver Tavisufal var, vinaiTgan gardareuli siyuaru-li aqus Cemda momarT kurapalatsa. da aw ara uwyi, Tu rai vyo, rameTu brZanebaman si-tyuaTa SenTaman SemaZrwuna friad~. xolo wmidaman man hrqua: `Svilo, iqmen sruliad morCil sityuaTa Cem glaxakisaTa da me Tavsmdeb geqmne qristeis mimarT, raiTa man Ta-vadman yovelni bralni Senni Segindvnes~.

da man hrqua: `wmidao mamao, xelTa SenTa var, umjobesi sulisa Cemisai izrune!~. maSinRa juari daswera da akurTxa locviTa da SeWura madliTa da misca TvisTa

xamlTa sabeli, raiTa sartylad Seirtyas. da man yo egreT. da esreT moiyvana igi me-res, rameTu pirvelve ganzraxvai netarisa dedisa Tana iyo, da Sehvedra igi dedasa feb-ronias.

xolo raJams miiwia kurapalati cixed, ikiTxa xolo dedakaci igi. da viTar ara pova, friad Seiurva, gulisxma-yo rai yoveli igi yofili saqme. da rameTu ara RoniTa raiT-me kacobrivTa maxeTaiTa iyo trfial misa mimarT xelmwife igi, aramed eSmakisa manqanebiTa esoden Zleul iyo, romel TavmoTneobai daaviwyda da mswrafl xolo mo-vida meres. xolo netarman febronia damala dedakaci igi. da viTar iloca kurapalat-man eklesiasa wmidisa RmrTismSobelisasa da miiRo locvai dedisa febroniaisi, maSin iwyo sityuad: ùwyi-mea, dedao, raisaTvis moved aw?~

xolo man hrqua: ùfalman icis, raisaTvis hbrZane aqa~. da man hrqua: àmis mizezisaTvis iqmna moslvai Cemi, rameTu saxlisa Cuenisa meWurW-

le qali iyo da yoveli monagebi Cueni xelTa misTa iyo, da mamasa grigols aqa warmo-uyvanebia da friadi daguaklda safaseTa CuenTagani. aw ubrZane, romel erTxel cixed movides da yoveli mogviTualos da kualad Tquendave movides, viTarca undes~.

xolo febronia hrqua mas mkueTr: `mizezebad mizezTa codvisaTa kacTa Tana, romelni iqman uSjuloebasa~.

ese rai esma kurapalatsa, sircxvileul iqmna marTlmxilebisa misgan kdemuli da myo-var-Jam dadumna, viTarca Zleuli, rameTu xorcielad Zliersa xelmwifesa suliTa Zli-erTa kacTa sZles, SeWurvilTa maT saRmrToiTa SuriTa. xolo Seurvebulman kurapa-latman gulisa SeWirvebisagan Tqua: `netar mas kacsa, vin arRara cocxal ars!~


davalebis Sesasruleblad yuradRebiT gaecaniT teqsts. kiTxvebze pasuxebis gacema maSin daiwyeT, rodesac teqstis Sinaarsi mTlianad gasagebi iqneba. mocemuli oTx-oTxi pasuxidan airCieT mxolod erTi. moniSnuli pasuxi gadaitaneT pasuxebis furcelSi amgvarad: pasuxis Sesabamis ujredSi gaakeTeT aRniSvna _ X.

(1) 1. ra `sulisa ganmxrwneli~ saqme SeemTxva aSot kurapalats? a) cols gaeyara da sasaxlidan gaaZeva. b) monasterSi misulma febronias saWurWlis qurdoba daabrala. g) qristianoba uaryo da mtris sarwmunoeba miiRo. d) `dedakaci siZvisai~ moiyvana samefo sasaxleSi.

(1) 2. ra moimoqmeda Tavdapirvelad grigolma, rodesac aSot kurapalatis codvis

Sesaxeb Seityo? a) gakicxa da mosTxova `siZvis dedakacis~ gaSveba. b) gakicxa, Tumca iZulebuli gaxda Sehgueboda arsebul viTarebas. g) ver gabeda gakicxva, radgan SeuSinda xelmwifis risxvas. d) kategoriulad mosTxova monasterSi codvis monanieba.

(1) 3. ratom daarRvia aSot kurapalatma grigolisaTvis micemuli sityva?

a) arafrad uRirda grigolisaTvis micemuli sityva. b) gadawyvita, pirobis Sesasruleblad ukeTes dros dalodeboda. g) ver SeZlo sayvarel qalTan ganSoreba. d) pirobis SesrulebaSi saxelmwifo saqmeebma SeuSala xeli.

(1) 4. ris imediT mivida `siZvis dedakaci~ grigolTan? a) imedi hqonda, grigoli monasterSi gagzavnida. b) imedi hqonda, grigoli dedofalTan Searigebda.

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g) imedi hqonda, grigoli pirjvars gadasaxavda. d) imedi hqonda, grigoli xelmwifeze daaqorwinebda.

(1) 5. grigolis ra Tviseba Cans frazaSi: `xolo man ara daswera juari, aramed ubrZa-

na ganSorebulad dajdomai~? a) lmobiereba da mimtevebloba. b) mrisxaneba da ampartavnoba. g) saTnoeba da simtkice. d) simkacre da principuloba.

(1) 6. grigolis azriT, ra SeiZleba iyos `siZvis dedakacis~ mier Cadenili codvis mi-

zezi? a) qali ampartavnobam Seipyro. b) qali eSmaks daemona. g) qalma dedofali SeiZula. d) qalma saganZuri miiTvisa.

(1) 7. ras sTxovs `siZvis dedakaci~ grigols?

a) akurTxos misi gulwrfeli siyvaruli. b) gakicxos kurapalatis `gardareuli siyuaruli~. g) izrunos kurapalatis sulis gadasarCenad. d) izrunos misi sulis gadasarCenad.

(1) 8. ratom `akurTxa locviTa da SeWura madliTa~ grigolma `siZvis dedakaci~?

a) amiT aiZula igi, uari eTqva kurapalatTan kavSirze. b) dainaxa, rom igi inaniebda kurapalatTan sasiyvarulo kavSirs. g) icoda, rom ase gandevnida dedakacis sxeulidan eSmakeuls. d) surda, nebismieri saSualebiT daeyoliebina gajiutebuli `siZvis dedakaci~.

(1) 9. rogor gadawyvita grigolma `siZvis dedakacis~ bedi?

a) iZulebiT waiyvana meres dedaTa monasterSi. b) kurapalatis daukiTxavad waiyvana meres monasterSi. g) kurapalatis TanxmobiT waiyvana meres monasterSi. d) ubrZana TviTon wasuliyo meres monasterSi.

(1) 10. ra reaqcia hqonda aSot kurapalats, roca sayvareli qalis wasvla Seityo?

a) aRSfoTda grigolis Tavxeduri saqcielis gamo. b) ganrisxebulma satrfos ZaliT dabruneba gadawyvita. g) satrfos dabrunebis dauZlevelma survilma Seipyro. d) SeZrwunda, rom eSmakis mier dagebul maxeSi gaeba.

(1) 11. ra gzas mimarTa aSot kurapalatma deda febroniasTan saubrisas?

a) Tavis marTleba scada. b) misi motyueba scada. g) monastris winamZRvars ganurisxda. d) febronias Tavi Seacoda.

(1) 12. deda febronias ra Tviseba Cans teqstis am monakveTSi?

a) saTnoeba da gulmowyaleba. b) simtkice da Seuvaloba. g) sisastike da sulmokleoba. d) sijiute da ampartavnoba.

(1) 13. romel frazaSia gamoyenebuli mxatvruli saSualeba?

a) `...aramed ubrZana ganSorebulad dajdomai~. b) `brZanebaman sityuaTa SenTaman SemaZrwuna friad~. g) `mowafeni kide-re gandges wamisyofiTa moZRurisa~. d) `...SeWurvilTa maT saRmrToiTa SuriTa~.

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(1) 14. aSot kurapalatis ra sulieri mdgomareoba Cans missave sityvebSi: `netar mas kac-sa, vin arRara cocxal ars!~?

a) aRSfoTeba. b) gulmowyaleba. g) sasowarkveTileba. d) Seupovroba.

(1) 15. romel monakveTSia gamoxatuli teqstis mTavari saTqmeli?

a) `TavmoTneobai daaviwyda da mswrafl xolo movida meres~. b) `mamasa grigols aqa warmouyvanebia da friadi daguaklda safaseTa CuenTagani~. g) `...raisaTvis Soris col-qmarTa STaWril xar warsawymedelad Senda~. d) `xorcielad Zliersa xelmwifesa suliTa ZlierTa kacTa sZles~.










gaaanalizeT mocemuli monakveTi Semdegi miTiTebebis mixedviT:

imsjeleT, rogor ixateba mocemul teqstSi grigol xanZTelis saxe (yuradReba mi-aqcieT, rogoria misi damokidebuleba, erTi mxriv, kurapalatisa da, meore mxriv, `siZvis dedakacis~ mimarT).

imsjeleT aSot kurapalatis mxatvruli saxis Sesaxeb.

imsjeleT, ra mxatvrul saSualebebs iyenebs avtori am monakveTSi (yuradReba miaq-cieT Txrobis manerasa da ambis ganviTarebis dinamikas). Tqveni Tvalsazrisi daasabuTeT!

davaleba # 10

TxzulebaSi `grigol xanZTelis cxovreba~ giorgi merCule mogviTxrobs: didi efrem iqmna episkopos awyurisa saydarsa. didi arseni kaTolike eklesiasa,

qristeis kuarTisa samkvidrebelsa, mcxeTas qarTlisa kaTalikos iqmna. da iyo siyua-ruli maT Soris erTad zrdilobisaTvis.

aramed qarTlisa episkoposni mirean arsenis mamisaTvis friad gulwyebul iyvnes amis mizezisaTvis, rameTu Tvinier ganzraxvisa maTisa, Ze Tvisi daadgina kaTalikosad TanadgomiTa da kurTxeviTa mciredTa episkoposTaiTa.

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mamfali guaram didi mireanisTvis gulZvirad iyo da mswrafl xolo brZana Sekre-bai episkoposTai da udabnoisa mamaTai.

da yovelni Semokrbes javaxeTs. aramed mamai grigol ara mun iyo. wadierad moelo-des yovelni da martod anjmnobdes wesisa winamZRuarni igi arseni kaTalikosisaTvis da vera daamtkices sityuai maTi. maSin eruSnelman episkoposman mis Jamisaman hrqua yovelTa: òdes movides varskulavi udabnoTai, maSin ganemarTos saqme da ganzraxvai yovelTai~.

da meyseulad ixiles wmidai igi momavali karauliTa Soris krebulsa mas mamaTasa sakvirvelad xilviTa. rameTu samoseli igi Seuracxi, romel emosa moxucebulsa mas, esreT Cnda, viTarca samoseli naTlisa brwyinvalisa ganucdelisai. xolo Tavsa missa kukuli ixilveboda, viTarca gvirgvini sameufoi patiosanTa TualTa da margalitTa-gan fasdaudebelTa aRmkuli. da viTarca ixiles RmrTisamieri didebulebai misi, yo-velni sixaruliT miegebnes da Seudges sityuaTa misTa sixaruliT.

xolo netarman grigol farulad mouwoda netarsa efrems da hrqua mas: `Svilo, pativsa magis wmidisa mRdelTmTavrobisasa gafuceb, nu uSli sulierad Zmasa Sensa arsenis!~ xolo man hrqua: `wmidao mamao, ver egebis ZmaTa CemTa episkoposTa cilobai samarTlisaTvis, da meca Semindve, rameTu ara var amieriTgan arsenis cxovari da arca igi _ Cemi mwyemsi~. maSin wmidaman man mksinvared hrqua: ùkueTu amas iqm, efrem, me uvar-myav, viTa ara Seni moZRuari var!~ xolo netari efrem sityuasa mas zeda sulierisa ma-misa da moZRurisasa atirda da hrqua: `ficxel ars brZanebai ese, ganmkueTel ufrois maxvilisa. aw nebai Seni iyavn da nu _ nebai Cemi, wmidao RmrTisao!~ xolo man hrqua: èfrem sanatrelo, gisminen qristeman, raica iTxoo misgan Sen, umankoo guliTa da wrfelo gonebiTa. da Sen uwyi, viTar RmerTsa ebrZana kaTalikosobai arsenisi sisru-lisa misisaTvis. aramed mirean, mamaman misman, augian-yo uJamod SeswrafebiTa~.

amisa Semdgomad brZana guaram Semokrebai yovelTa moweseTai da maSin hrqua: `wmi-dano mamano, episkoposno da meudabnoeno, iciT yovelTa kanoni Sjulisai, rameTu ara brZanebs episkoposisa da kaTalikosisa mZlavrebiT dajdomasa~.

da amas sityuasa Sina augis sityuani ganamravlna da eloda pasuxsa maTgan. xolo Tualni yovelTani xedvides mamasa grigols da episkopossa efrems. da maT daidumes Jam erT.

maSin episkoposTa hrques efrems: `brZane pasuxi, rai jer-ars!~ xolo man Tqua: `sada mamai grigol iyos, me mun ara vikadreb sityuad~. maSin xelmwifeman man hrqua netarsa grigols: `mamao, yovelni Sen gelian sityuad

WeSmaritebisa, rameTu uxuces xar yovelTa dRiTa da saTnovebiTa nebisa RmrTisaiTa~. xolo man Tqua: `WeSmaritTa qristes samwysoTa ismineT glaxakisa amis moxucebu-

lisai. rameTu arseni kaTalikosi nebiTa RmrTisaiTa kaTalikosi ars da Zviris-metyu-elTa misTa, romelTa ara Seinanon, kdemul iyvnen da sruliad hrcxuenes amas sawuT-rosa da mas saukunesa~.

maSin zar-hxda xelmwifesa mas, rameTu iyo igi mdabal da RmrTismoSiS. iZlia sim-dablisagan da Seuvrda netarsa grigols da hrqua: `wmidao RmrTisao, Semindve, rame-Tu dagabrkole~.

xolo man hrqua: `qristeman yovelni bralni Segindvenin!~



(1) 1. ra ganapirobebda gansakuTrebul axloblobasa da siyvaruls efremsa da arsens Soris?

a) isini erTad aRizardnen. b) isini erT eklesias emsaxurebodnen. g) orive marTlmorwmune iyo. d) orive saqarTvelos Svili iyo.

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(1) 2. ratom gaunawyendnen mireans qarTlis episkoposebi? a) episkoposebs arasakmarisad miaCndaT mireanis Rvawli eklesiis winaSe. b) mireani saTanadod ver afasebda grigol xanZTelis avtoritets. g) mireani uklebliv yvela gadawyvetilebas episkoposebTan SeuTanxmeblad iRebda. d) mireanma arseni episkoposebTan SeTanxmebis gareSe akurTxebina kaTalikosad.

(1) 3. ra nabiji gadadga guaram mamfalma mireanis gadawyvetilebis sapasuxod? a) arsenis dauyovnebliv gadayenebis brZaneba gasca. b) kaTalikosad efremis kurTxevis brZaneba gasca. g) mireanis saswrafod dasjis brZaneba gasca. d) saeklesio krebis mowvevis brZaneba gasca.

(1) 4. ratom gviandeboda saeklesio krebis dawyeba? a) grigolis avtoritetuli sityvis gareSe gadawyvetilebas ver iRebdnen. b) grigolis gareSe krebis Catarebis ufleba ar hqondaT. g) guaram mamfalTan dasapirispireblad grigolis mxardaWeras elodnen. d) efremis mxardasaWerad grigolis avtoritetis gamoyeneba sWirdebodaT.

(1) 5. ra mxatvruli saSualebaa gamoyenebuli frazaSi: `odes movides varskulavi udab-noTai...~?

a) aliteracia. b) gapirovneba. g) ironia. d) metafora.

(1) 6. ris xazgasma surs avtors sityvebiT: `ixiles wmidai igi momavali... sakvirvelad xilviTa~?

a) grigolis gamorCeuli mWevrmetyvelebisa da sibrZnis. b) grigolis gamorCeuli Rvawlisa da damsaxurebis. g) grigolis sxvaTagan gamorCeuli garegnobis. d) grigolis gamorCeuli fizikuri SesaZleblobebis.

(1) 7. ra sTxova grigolma efrems? a) mtkiced da Seuryevlad daecva Tavisi pozicia. b) uari ar eTqva saeklesio moRvaweobis gagrZelebaze. g) winaaRmdegoba ar gaewia saeklesio krebis mowvevisaTvis. d) win ar aRdgomoda arsenis kaTalikosad kurTxevas.

(1) 8. ram gamoiwvia grigolis ganrisxeba? a) efremis pasuxma _ amieridan Cems moZRvrad aRar mimaCnixaro. b) efremis pasuxma _ arsens Cems moZRvrad ver vaRiarebo. g) efremis pasuxma _ arc erTi eriskacis brZanebas ar vemorCilebio. d) efremis pasuxma _ episkoposebis azrs CemTvis mniSvneloba ara aqvso.

(1) 9. rogori iyo efremis reaqcia grigolis muqaraze _ Seni moZRvari aRar viqnebio? a) atirda. b) aRSfoTda. g) gaecina. d) gauxarda.

(1) 10. ra iyo grigolis mTavari argumenti, roca arsenis kaTalikosobas uWerda mxars? a) arsenis kaTalikosoba episkoposTa neba ariso. b) arsenis kaTalikosoba RvTis neba ariso. g) arsenis kaTalikosoba Cemi neba ariso. d) arsenis kaTalikosoba xelisufalTa neba ariso.

(1) 11. grigolis azriT, ram gamoiwvia uTanxmoeba arsenis kaTalikosad kurTxevis dros? a) episkoposTa aCqarebam. b) mireanis sulswrafobam. g) samRvdeloebis uprincipobam. d) xelisufalTa uprincipobam.

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(1) 12. ra sayveduri gamoTqva guaramma saeklesio krebaze? a) arsenis kaTalikosad dadgena grigolTan ar SeTanxmebulao. b) arsenis kaTalikosad dadgena udrood moxdao. g) arsenis kaTalikosad dadgena CemTan ar SeTanxmebulao. d) arsenis kaTalikosad dadgena ZalmomreobiT moxdao.

(1) 13. ra reaqcia hqonda guarams grigolis sityvebze _ vinc arsens cudad moixseni-ebs, Sercxvenili iqnebao?

a) ganrisxda da grigols krebis datoveba mosTxova. b) Tavzari daeca da grigols Sendoba sTxova. g) sinanulma Seipyro, Tumca garegnulad ar gamouxatavs. d) wauyrua grigolis sityvebs, TiTqos araferi momxdarao.

(1) 14. grigolis ra Tvisebebi gamoCnda saeklesio krebaze? a) ampartavnoba da Seuvaloba. b) morCileba da mimtevebloba. g) saTnoeba da gulmowyaleba. d) simtkice da principuloba.

(1) 15. ra aris teqstis am monakveTis ZiriTadi mizandasaxuloba? a) arsenis kaTalikosad kurTxevisas mireanis uRirsi saqcielis mxileba. b) saero da saeklesio wreebSi arsebuli ganxeTqilebis mefisaTvis Setyobineba. g) saero da saeklesio wreebSi grigolis uryevi avtoritetis warmoCena. d) saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis erT-erTi mwvave konfliqtis miCqmalva.


weriTi davalebis instruqcia: yuradRebiT gaecaniT davalebis pirobas. naweri ar gaswordeba, Tu naSromi davalebas ar upasuxebs, mocemuli teqstis pe-








imsjeleT am monakveTSi aRwerili konfliqtis Sesaxeb (yuradReba miaqcieT, ra ga-napirobebs personaJTa dapirispirebas).

imsjeleT, rogor warmogvidgens avtori grigol xanZTelis pirovnebas.

imsjeleT, ra mxatvrul saSualebebs iyenebs avtori am monakveTSi (yuradReba miaq-cieT Txrobis manerasa da ambis ganviTarebis dinamikas). Tqveni Tvalsazrisi daasabuTeT!

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davaleba # 11

yuradRebiT waikiTxeT monakveTi nodar dumbaZis romanidan `mziani Rame~, romel-Sic aRwerilia sabWoTa xelisuflebis mier represirebuli dedis Sexvedra SvilTan:

kibeze uxalisod avdiodi. derefnis kari Ria damxvda, oTaxis kari SevaRe da ad-gilze gavqvavdi. tanSi Jruantelma damiara, muxlebi momekveTa.

Cemi oTaxi savse iyo mezoblebiT. isini gars Semoxveodnen sawols, romelzec Suax-nis WaRara, saocrad daRlili, TeTri saxis, gamxdari qali ijda. igi odnav iRimeboda da susti xmiT yveboda raRacas. CemTvis yuradReba aravis mouqcevia. WaRara qalma mSvi-dad Semxeda, cota xans miyura. mere isev ganagrZo ambavi. mezoblebi sinanuliT Tavebs iqnevdnen aqeT-iqiT, WaRara qalma uceb saubari Sewyvita da isev damacqerda, axla uf-ro xangrZlivad da daJinebiT, mere Tvalebi mezoblebisaken gaeqca. mezoblebi karis-ken Semotrialdnen. oTaxSi samariseburi siCume Camovarda. me mesmoda mxolod Cemi gu-liscema, viRacis skamis suliswamRebi Wriali, meti araferi. WaRara qali Tvals ar macilebda, mere man SeSinebuli TvalebiT Sexeda Cemi karis mezobels, elikos. elikom Tavi dauqnia Tanxmobis niSnad, maSin WaRara qali adga, mas xelebi da tuCebi ukanka-lebda. igi saocrad hgavda im qals, romelmac am oTaxSi 12 wlis win, Ramis oTx saaT-ze gamaRviZa, pirjvari gadamsaxa da mkerdze makoca. mere igi waiyvana orma mamakacma, romelTagan erTi SeSinebuli Canda, meore ki iRimeboda da piri vercxlis kbilebiT hqonda gamotenili. es iyo Cemi deda. axla me da mas sul sami nabiji gvacilebda. igi modioda Cemken neli, Zalian neli nabijiT, ukve mesmoda misi sunTqva, mindoda, Sevbru-nebuliyavi da gavqceuliyavi, magram ar SemeZlo. me ubralod davxuWe Tvalebi da ve-lodi, ra moxdeboda. mere me vigrZeni misi Tavi Cems mxarze da gavigone Cumi CurCuli:

_ gamarjoba, Svilo... _ gamarjoba, Svilo, _ da ase ganuwyvetliv, didxans, Zalian didxans, _ gamarjoba,

Svilo... me mivxvdi, rom igi eloda pasuxs, _ gamarjoba, deda, _ magram ver SevZeli. _ gamarjobaT, qalbatono!.. _ vTqvi da tirili daviwye... samzareuloSi vzivar da universitetis win Carigebul Wadrebs vucqer. erTi, ori,

sami, oTxi. mezoblebi dawvnen, albaT. eliko aRar Semodis da aRar meubneba _ Sedi, biWo, oTaxSi, qva xom ar xar, codvaa is qali... xuTi, eqvsi... albaT, isic dawva, arafe-ri ar mkiTxa, romel kursze var, romel fakultetze vswavlob, rogor var... Svidi, Svi-di Wadaria, albaT, wlis CagdebiT rgavdnen, Torem meSvide Wadari yvelaze didi ra-tom unda iyos... axla Seval oTaxSi da vetyvi: _ daiZine, deda? es ra kiTxvaa... vkiTxav, rogor xar, deda, an ar gewyinoT, qalbatono... ara, amis Tqma ar SeiZleba... es, albaT, bolo tramvaia, Caivlis da dilis oTx saaTamde aRar amoivlis. am vatmans vicnob, wi-na baqnidan miSvebs xolme, Tan ikriWeba _ jigaro, deputati ki xar, magram bileTis aReba ar dagaviwydes. wavida... Zin, Zin, Zin... es saaTi Cemi mxridan Ramis pirvel saaTs uCvenebs, iqiTa mxridan, albaT, Tendeba; axla Seval da rames vetyvi. ras? ar vici... iq-neb, TviTon miTxras rame...

frTxilad SevaRe oTaxis kari. dedas xelebi amoedo TavqveS da Wers ucqerda. Cem sawolTan mivedi da davweqi. viweqi, albaT, erTi saaTi, iqneb, ori, iqneb, erTi wuTi an mTeli 12 weliwadi. gavixsene dro im dRidan dRemde, davxuWe Tvalebi da Tvalwin dad-ga yvelaferi, ise cxadliv, rogorc is Svidi Wadari, magram arsad ar iyo deda, viyavi an marto, an sxvasTan, viyavi yvelgan da yvelasTan da arsad ar iyo deda. axla me da is viyaviT erT oTaxSi, es ar iyo sizmari, es iyo cxadi, rogorc Svidi Wadari univer-sitetis win. axla Cven viweqiT oTaxis sxvadasxva kuTxeSi erTnairad ubedurebi, rad-gan es bednieri dRe dadga.

RmerTo, nuTu arafers ar metyvis, iqneb, me unda vuTxra rame? _ Temur! _ gavigone Zalian Cumi xma. _ Temur, Temo!.. _ xma ver amoviRe, guli yelSi momebjina. deda adga, mas koWebamde

TeTri perangi ecva da moCvenebasaviT uaxlovdeboda Cems sawols. igi movida da Cems win muxlebze daeSva. Tvalebi davxuWe, misi aTrTolebuli xelebi safeTqlebze Semexo.

_ Temur, Cemo patara biWo, Temo, Temiko, gameci xma, Svilo! _ me mindoda, movmkvda-riyavi, davyruebuliyavi, mekivla, dameZaxa mezoblebisaTvis, rom eSvelaT CemTvis.

_ Temur, ramxela xar, biWo! ram gagzarda, deda, vin gagzarda, Cemo biWo, Cemo Temi-ko? Sen ici, rom xval oci wlis xdebi?.. ratom, ratom mere? ratom rva wlis ar xar isev, Cemo patara biWo, ratom rva wlis ara xar, ratom, ratom ara xar... _ igi damemxo mkerdze da atirda. me loginidan wamovdeqi, wamovayene fexze, mxrebze xeli movxvie, Tavis sawolTan miviyvane da davsvi.

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_ ratom, ratom... _ imeorebda igi. _ dawynardiT, Tu SeiZleba, Zalian gTxovT! _ rogorc iqna, amoviRe xma. dedam sa-

xeze aifara xelebi da cotaTi dawynarda. me Cems sawolTan mivedi, mere ukan movixe-de. deda isev ise ijda. tanze Cavicvi da oTaxidan fexakrefiT gamovedi...

diliT davbrundi... es Cemi saxlis sadarbazoa, erTi safexuri, meore, mesame, meoTxe, mexuTe, meeqvse, netav ramdeni safexuria?.. Cems sicocxleSi ar damiTvlia... Tumca, ro-gor ar damiTvlia. bavSvobaSi mets ras vakeTebdi... magram ar maxsovs. ukan vbrundebi da xelaxla viTvli. erTi, ori, sami, oTxi, xuTi, eqvsi, Svidi, rva, cxra, aTi, TerTmeti safexuria. me meoTxe sarTulze vcxovrob, ese igi, rvajer TerTmeti... ramdenia rvajer TerTmeti?.. rvajer TerTmeti bevria... mTeli sicocxle unda iaro, mTeli sicocxle, boloSi rom mixvide... rvajer TerTmeti... eleqtronis Rilaks xeli davaWire da vidre darekavda, kari gaiRo. karSi idga deda, Cemi deda, WaRara da lamazi, iseTi lamazi, rogoric Tormeti wlis win, rodesac igi msoflioSi yvela dedaze lamazi iyo.

_ gamarjoba, deda! _ vTqvi me. deda idga karSi. igi ar tiroda, igi iRimeboda, Tvalebidan mduRare cremlebi Ca-

mosdioda da acaxcaxebul nikapTan ekvreboda. _ gamarjoba, deda! _ gavimeore me.



(1) 1. ra funqcias asrulebs teqstis pirveli abzaci? a) qmnis gancdas, rom es yvelaferi odesRac ukve moxda. b) qmnis gancdas, rom personaJi komikur situaciaSi moxvdeba. g) qmnis gancdas, rom romelime personaJi udavod unda daiRupos. d) qmnis gancdas, rom sruliad uCveulo ram unda moxdes.

(1) 2. ra azris gamoxatva surs avtors am monakveTSi: `CemTvis yuradReba aravis mouq-

cevia. WaRara qalma mSvidad Semxeda, cota xans miyura. mere isev ganagrZo amba-vi~?

a) deda Tavs damnaSaved grZnobda sakuTari Svilis winaSe. b) dedam ver icno Svili xangrZlivi ganSorebis Semdeg. g) dedas ar surda ganSorebis Semdeg SvilTan urTierToba. d) deda SvilisaTvis arasasurveli da saSiSi stumari iyo.

(1) 3. romeli fraza gamoxatavs Temuris sulier mdgomareobas?

a) `WaRara qalma uceb saubari Sewyvita da isev damacqerda~. b) `mezoblebi karisken Semotrialdnen... samariseburi siCume Camovarda~. g) `mesmoda mxolod Cemi guliscema, viRacis skamis suliswamRebi Wriali~. d) `maSin WaRara qali adga, mas xelebi da tuCebi ukankalebda~.

(1) 4. ratom ver SeZlo Temurma dedis misalmebaze gaeca pasuxi: `gamarjoba, deda~?

a) Temuri dedasTan urTierTobas gadaCveuli iyo. b) Temurma ver icno moxucebuli deda. g) Temurs ar surda dedasTan urTierToba. d) Temurs deda politikur damnaSaved miaCnda.

(1) 5. ratom ganmartovda samzareuloSi Temuri, miuxedavad imisa, rom mezobeli eli-

ko eubneboda: `Sedi, biWo, oTaxSi, qva xom ar xar, codvaa is qali~? a) Temuri aRelvebuli iyo da ar icoda, rogor moqceuliyo. b) Temuri nawyeni iyo dedaze, radgan man miatova Svili. g) Temurs eSinoda, rom daapatimrebdnen dedasTan urTierTobis gamo. d) Temurs eSinoda, rom deda gadasaxlebis ambebs mouyveboda.

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(1) 6. ra mxatvrul saSualebas iyenebs avtori frazaSi: `es ar iyo sizmari, es iyo cxa-di, rogorc Svidi Wadari universitetis win~?

a) ironias. b) sarkazms. g) Sedarebas. d) hiperbolas.

(1) 7. ra mxatvrul saSualebas iyenebs avtori frazaSi: `jigaro, deputati ki xar, mag-

ram bileTis aReba ar dagaviwydes~? a) aluzias. b) ironias. g) Sedarebas. d) hiperbolas.

(1) 8. dedis ra sulieri mdgomareobaa gamoxatuli sityvebiT: `ratom rva wlis ar xar

isev, Cemo patara biWo, ratom rva wlis ara xar, ratom, ratom ara xar~? a) aRSfoTeba da siZulvili. b) aRtaceba da sixaruli. g) gulistkivili da sinanuli. d) SiSi da mouTmenloba.

(1) 9. romel frazas SeiZleba hqondes simboluri mniSvneloba?

a) `Cems sicocxleSi ar damiTvlia... Tumca, rogor ar damiTvlia~. b) `mTeli sicocxle unda iaro, mTeli sicocxle, boloSi rom mixvide~. g) `eleqtronis Rilaks xeli davaWire da vidre darekavda, kari gaiRo~. d) `karSi idga deda, Cemi deda, WaRara da lamazi~.

(1) 10. ratom sdioda dedas `Tvalebidan mduRare cremlebi~?

a) dedas gadasaxlebaSi yofnis simware gaaxsenda. b) dedas Svilis tragikuli bavSvoba gaaxsenda. g) Temuris mSvidobiT dabrunebam deda gaaxara. d) Temurma dedis mimarT gaucxoeba daZlia.

(1) 11. rogori ganwyobilebiT mTavrdeba es teqsti?

a) imediani. b) neitraluri. g) nihilisturi. d) uimedo.

(1) 12. ram ganapiroba deda-Svilis pirovnuli tragedia? a) gauTvaliswinebelma SemTxveviTobam. b) msoflio omma. g) socializmis krizisma. d) stalinurma reJimma. (1) 13. riT aris es teqsti gamorCeuli? a) axal Janrs amkvidrebs qarTul mwerlobaSi. b) gadmogvcems didi adamianis ucnob biografias. g) moTxrobili ambavi uaRresad emociuria. d) Warbadaa gamoyenebuli mxatvruli saSualebebi. (1) 14. ris Sesaxeb ar saubrobs avtori am teqstSi? a) deda-Svilis gaucxoebis. b) mezobelTa Tanadgomis. g) pirovnuli tragediis. d) samSoblos siyvarulis.

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(1) 15. ra aris am teqstis mTavari saTqmeli? a) tiranuli reJimis gamo Temurma warmatebas ver miaRwia. b) tiranulma reJimma borotebis imperiis daSla gamoiwvia. g) tiranulma reJimma deda-Svilis urTierTobazec ki imoqmeda. d) tiranul reJims araerTi udanaSaulo adamiani fizikurad Seewira.











imsjeleT Temuris mxatvruli saxis Sesaxeb.

CamoayalibeT teqstis mTavari saTqmeli.

imsjeleT, ra mxatvruli saSualebebiTaa igi realizebuli. Tqveni Tvalsazrisi daasabuTeT!

davaleba # 12

nodar dumbaZis romanSi `mziani Rame~ moTxrobilia, rogor naxa Temurma kibeze waq-ceuli, momakvdavi mezobeli abibo, romelsac cota xniT adre endo da patimrobidan ga-moqceuli megobris ambavi gaumxila, abibom ki Temuris megobari daaWerina.

abibo iwva Cems win da kvdeboda. kvdeboda kaci, romlis sikvdils vnatrobdi, kaci, romelmac sulSi CamafurTxa, miwasTan gamaswora, gamwira da am kacis suli axla Cems xelSi iyo. axla me amas movklav, Tumca ra, TavisiTac kvdeba, davjdebi, vuyureb, vid-re ar mokvdeba, iqneb wyali unda, me wyaro var axla misTvis, Tu var, icodes, rom damSra-li wyaro var... iqneb xma unda gaigonos kacis da Cemi xma RmerTis wyaloba iqneba misT-vis, _ Tu asea, icodes, rom munji var... iqneb ramis Tqma unda da yuradRebas iTxovs, icodes, rom yru var... iqneb sinaTle unda da me var misTvis mze. _ maSin icodes, rom ara var, ara... iqneb haeri unda, da me var misi macocxlebeli haeri, _ ara, ara, daxSu-li sarkmeli var misTvis... es me var, sikvdili, Tavze rom vadgivar da me movklav mas, rom Tavisi sikvdiliT ar mokvdes da es unda icodes abibom. me xelebi mikankalebda, piri gamSrali mqonda. aTasi uro mirtyamda safeTqlebSi da meZaxda _ mokali, moka-li, mokali, es Sen xar misi sikvdili da es unda icodes man.

_ abibo! _ vTqvi me iseTi gamocvlili xmiT, TviTonve SemeSinda. abibom Tvalebi gaaxila da uazrod Semxeda. _ es me var, abibo! _ vuTxari me.

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_ miSvele! _ mTxova man da Tvalebi daxuWa. _ ai, axla avdgebi, avdgebi da... _ dambla Tu ar damecemoda, ar megona. magram avde-

qi, telefonTan mivedi, 03 avkrife da saswrafo daxmareba gamoviZaxe. _ wyali! _ Tqva abibom da gamSrali tuCebi gailoka. samzareuloSi gavedi, Wiqa

wyliT avavse da tuCebTan mivutane. cota mosva, xveleba auvarda. _ haeri, haeri! _ Tqva man. suli rom moiTqva, yvela fanjara gavaRe, oTaxSi grili ha-

eri Semovarda, da mxolod axla vigrZeni, rom oTaxi naftalinisa da mtvris suniT iyo gaJRenTili.

_ miSvele! _ Tqva man isev da aborgda. _ nu geSinia, giSveli, axla eqimi mova! _ vuTxari me da taxtze Camovjeqi. _ miSvele! _ gaimeora man. karze darekes. gavaRe. oTaxSi erTi Zalian msuqani qali da gamxdari kaci Semovid-

nen... _ droze mogiswriaT, nu geSiniaT, gadarCeba; aseTebs varCenT?! _ Tqva kacma da eq-

Tans gadaxeda. _ Tqveni Wirime, eqimo! _ vTxove me... kari davxure da isev abibos sasTumals mivujeqi. albaT, wamalma imoqmeda da erTi sa-

aTis Semdeg abibom cota moixeda. man Tavi moabruna Cemken da didxans, Zalian didxans miyura.

_ romeli xar? _ mkiTxa bolos gaubedavad. _ Temuri var! _ ra moxda, ra mWirs? _ araferi, daiZine, cota cudad iyavi, axla kargad xar! _ abibom Tvalebi daxuWa,

magram ar dauZinia, etyoba, raRacas igonebda da verc igonebda. _ Temuri, Sen xar? _ mkiTxa bolos. _ me var, Zia abibo, me! _ vuTxari da tilo gamovucvale. _ ar movkvdebi? _ ara, eqimma Tqva, ar mokvdebao. _ ar damtovo, biWo! _ ara, nu geSinia, daiZine. _ abibom TvalebSi Semxeda, mere, albaT, mendo, Tvalebi

daxuWa da gverdze gadabrunda... dilis eqvs saaTamde abibos sasTumals vejeqi da tiloebs vucvlidi... Tavidan siZul-

viliT yelamde savse. Cemda gasaocrad, TandaTan davicale, guli damiwynarda, safeTqle-bi aRar mewvoda, vejeqi sasTumals da vucqerdi sikvdilisagan SeSinebul da muStisxe-lad qceul, motexil abibos, mere mTlianad davicale siZulvilisagan da vijeqi sru-liad carieli, araferi grZnoba ar mqonda am kacis mimarT. Cems win iwva araferi, qva, xe, Tu kunZi, ar vicodi, ubralod iwva raRac, rasac ver vgrZnobdi, mxolod vxedavdi. mere moxda saocari ram... me Semecoda is, jer rogorc ubralod avadmyofi, mere, rogorc me-zobeli, mere, rogorc axlo mezobeli, yuris mezobeli, da bolos, SemeSinda kidevac, rodesac Sevatyve, rom tirili mominda. xeli Sublze gadavusvi da sasTumali gavuswo-re. mere me avivse yelamde sibraluliT am kacis mimarT, imxela sibraluliT, rom mi-si cqera aRar SemeZlo da fexze avdeqi. TiTqos igrZnoo, abibo awrialda.

_ Temuri, Temuri. _ aq var. _ ar damtovo, biWo, momkali, da nu damtoveb. _ igi Cemken gadmotrialda. _ ar dagtoveb, Zia abibo, nu geSinia. _ mapatie, biWo, Tu SegiZlia!.. _ me tilo davade Tavze, abibom Cemi xeli daiWira da

kocna dauwyo. _ ras Svebi, Zia abibo! _ vuTxari me da xeli wavarTvi. _ mapatie, biWo, mapatie! _ me xmas ar viRebdi. _ maSin momkali, ratom ar mklav, biWo? _ me mkvleli ara var, Zia abibo! _ abibo miyurebda Tavisi gamWvirvale lurji Tva-

lebiT, romlebSic dRes pirvelad davinaxe, da es raRac cremli iyo _ abibo tiroda. diliT eqimi movida, abibos kvlav CaeZina da me saxlSi avedi. tanSi raRac saocar si-

sustes Tu simsubuqes vgrZnobdi. raRac didi, mZime, autanlad mZime davtove wuxel abi-bos oTaxSi, Tu damrCa, iqneb davkarge kidevac da mis nacvlad raRac saocrad sufTam, gamWvirvalem, msubuqma da Tbilma amivso sxeuli, es uCveulo raRac axla bangiviT maT-robda.

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davalebis Sesasruleblad yuradRebiT gaecaniT teqsts. kiTxvebze pasuxebis gacema maSin daiwyeT, rodesac teqstis Sinaarsi mTlianad gasagebi iqneba. mocemuli oTx-oTxi pasuxidan airCieT mxolod erTi. moniSnuli pasuxi gadaitaneT pasuxebis furcelSi amgvarad: pasuxis Sesabamis ujredSi gaakeTeT aRniSvna _ X.

(1) 1. Temuris ra grZnobas gamoxatavs sityvebi: `kvdeboda kaci, romlis sikvdils vnat-robdi~?

a) TanagrZnobas. b) monaniebas. g) sinanuls. d) SurisZiebas.

(1) 2. romel winadadebaSi iyenebs avtori metaforas? a) àxla me amas movklav~. b) `Tumca ra, TavisiTac kvdeba~. g) ìqneb wyali unda~. d) `wyaro var axla misTvis~.

(1) 3. ras gulisxmobs Temuri sityvebSi: ìqneb haeri unda, da me var misi macocxlebe-li haeri, _ ara, ara, daxSuli sarkmeli var misTvis~?

a) igi aravis ar daindobs. b) igi ar gawiravs abibos. g) igi ar daindobs abibos. d) igi yvela moRalates gaanadgurebs.

(1) 4. romel sityvebSi Cans, rom Temuri nerviulobs? a) ès me var, sikvdili, Tavze rom vadgivar~. b) `movklav mas, rom Tavisi sikvdiliT ar mokvdes~. g) `me xelebi mikankalebda, piri gamSrali mqonda~. d) `Sen xar misi sikvdili da es unda icodes man~.

(1) 5. romeli sityvebi miuTiTebs imaze, rom abibos mimarT Temuris damokidebuleba icvleba?

a) àbibom Tvalebi gaaxila da uazrod Semxeda~. b) ès me var, abibo! _ vuTxari me~. g) `miSvele! _ mTxova man da Tvalebi daxuWa~. d) `03 avkrife da saswrafo daxmareba gamoviZaxe~.

(1) 6. raze metyvelebs is, rom abibo xSirad imeorebs sityvas _ `miSvele~? a) abibo arafers nanobs. b) abibo nanobs danaSauls. g) abibos mTavrobis eSinia. d) abibos sikvdilis eSinia.

(1) 7. ra funqcia ekisreba sityvebs: `droze mogiswriaT, nu geSiniaT...~? a) gaicnobieros mkiTxvelma, rom TemurisaTvis abibos beds srulebiT ar hqonda

mniSvneloba. b) gaicnobieros mkiTxvelma, rom saswrafos drouli gamoZaxeba sulac ar iyo auci-

lebeli. g) gaicnobieros mkiTxvelma, rom saswrafos drouli gamoZaxebiT Temurma abibo sik-

vdils gadaarCina. d) gaicnobieros mkiTxvelma, rom saswrafos dagvianebiT gamoZaxebiT Temurma abibo

sasikvdilod gaimeta.

(1) 8. ratom ejda sawolTan mTeli Ramis ganmavlobaSi Temuri abibos? a) abibos arsad rom ar daereka. b) abibo saubriT rom gaerTo. g) sikvdilisagan rom exsna abibo. d) sxvas rom ar gadaerCina abibo.

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(1) 9. romel monakveTSi Cans, rom abibo acnobierebs Temuris keTilSobilebas? a) ètyoba, raRacas igonebda da verc igonebda~. b) `didxans, Zalian didxans miyura~. g) `fexze avdeqi. TiTqos igrZnoo, abibo awrialda~. d) `Cemi xeli daiWira da kocna dauwyo~.

(1) 10. romel frazaSi iyenebs avtori mxatvrul saSualebas?

a) `Cems win iwva araferi, qva, xe, Tu kunZi~. b) `mere moxda saocari ram... me Semecoda is~. g) `xeli Sublze gadavusvi da sasTumali gavuswore~. d) `misi cqera aRar SemeZlo da fexze avdeqi~.

(1) 11. ratom uTxra abibom Temurs: `maSin momkali, ratom ar mklav, biWo~?

a) abibom gaacnobiera, rom aravis winaSe araviTari danaSauli ar hqonda Cadenili. b) abibom gaacnobiera, rom Temuris winaSe saSineli danaSauli hqonda Cadenili. g) abibom gaacnobiera, rom mTavrobis winaSe saSineli danaSauli hqonda Cadenili. d) abibom gaacnobiera, rom sakuTari eris winaSe danaSauli ar hqonda Cadenili.

(1) 12. romel sityvebSi Cans Temuris qcevis ZiriTadi motivacia?

a) `Cemda gasaocrad... guli damiwynarda~. b) èqimma Tqva, ar mokvdebao~. g) àr dagtoveb, Zia abibo, nu geSinia~. d) `me mkvleli ara var, Zia abibo~.

(1) 13. ratom grZnobda Sin misuli Temuri `saocar sisustes Tu simsubuqes~?

a) Sinagani brZolis Semdeg man adamiani ar daindo. b) Sinagani brZolis Semdeg man aravis ar uRalata. g) Sinagani brZolis Semdeg man gamcems ar apatia. d) Sinagani brZolis Semdeg man codva ar Caidina.

(1) 14. ris Sesaxeb ar saubrobs avtori teqstis am monakveTSi?

a) gaWirvebulis daxmarebis. b) danaSaulis patiebis. g) samSoblos siyvarulis. d) SurisZiebis grZnobis.

(1) 15. ra aris am nawarmoebis umTavresi azri?

a) adamiani RalatisaTvis sikvdiliT unda daisajos. b) megobrisaTvis Tavganwirva adamianis movaleobaa. g) samSoblos Ralatis patieba ar SeiZleba. d) SurisZiebis grZnobis daZleva bednierebaa.

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orive weriT davalebas Tan axlavs sam-sami miTiTeba. am miTiTebebs unda upasuxoT ise, rom Txzuleba azrobrivad erTiani, mTliani gamovides da ar iyos kiTxvebze cal-calke gacemuli pasuxebis meqanikuri jami an mocemuli teqstis perifrazi (Tun-dac mTeli Txzulebis Sinaarsis gadmocema). gaiTvaliswineT, rom davalebis miTiTeba Sesrulebulad ar CaiTvleba, Tu masze mxolod erTi-ori winadadebiT iqneba pasuxi gacemuli.

CamoayalibeT Tqveni azri naTlad, mkafiod, detalurad da dasabuTebulad. naS-romi Sefasdeba imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad Cans masSi argumentirebisa da damoukide-beli azrovnebis unari da ara imis mixedviT, emTxveva Tu ara Tqveni pozicia sayovel-Taod aRiarebul Tvalsazriss. msjeloba unda iyos logikurad gamarTuli da ab-zacebiT danawevrebuli; unda daicvaT saliteraturo enis normebi.




imsjeleT Temuris mxatvruli saxis Sesaxeb.

CamoayalibeT teqstis mTavari saTqmeli.

imsjeleT, ra mxatvruli saSualebebiTaa igi realizebuli. Tqveni Tvalsazrisi daasabuTeT!

davaleba # 13

yuradRebiT waikiTxeT nawyveti revaz inaniSvilis moTxrobidan `lara~: aTi Tvis Tavze, rac lara da misi Svili Julieni Cvens mezoblad dasaxldnen, la-

ras cnobili mama gaaTavisufles. _ ukve ToTxmet weliwadze meti hqonda gaTavebuli, magram ufro avadmyofobis gamo gaaTavisufles, _ mTlad davrdomili, distrofirebu-li...

gadmoiyvanes manqanidan laram da Ronierma kacma viRac TiTqos daSlili, areul-da-reuli. cali xeli rom mis iRliaSi hqonda Seyofili laras, meore xeliT Tavs uWer-da, ukan ar gadavardnoda. raRac didi Savi kepi exura laras mamas, is kepi uyiravde-boda da imas kidev mamakaci usworebda... me ar minaxavs, rogora aqvT gadmokarkluli Tvalebi CamoxrCobilebs, mxolod gamigia, magram im dRis Semdeg sul ase mgonia, ase-Ti saSineli Tvalebi arc erT damxrCvals ar eqneba. gadmokarkluli araferiP_ dide-bi, da xan aqeT gadaswevda im Tvalebs, xan iqiT, da es saSineli iyo. saSineli hqonda piric, deformirebuli Savi Rru.

egeTi daSlili, gaararavebuli amoiyvanes maRla. Julieni idga, TiTqos nabijis ga-dadgma veRar moexerxebina, mere manqanis kari daketa, wamovida, Soriaxlos mosdevda dedas, papas da Ronier kacs. Seiyvanes Sin napatimrali, Seiketnen, albaT, daawvines. Ronieri kaci wavida. SemaSfoTebeli siCume da uZraoba daawva Cvens sadarbazos.

jer xom isedac erideboda mezoblebs lara, mamis moyvanis Semdeg, etyoboda, mTlad aRaravisTan undoda Sexvedra. albaT, veRarc iclida veravisTvis. dilaadrian rZis rigisken miaCxakunebda boTlebs, mere bazarSi garboda. xeliT eWira saTvale, mere, sam-saxuridan dabrunebuli, xan afTiaqSi iyo wasasvleli, xan _ viRac eqimebTan. isedac

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gamxdari, kidev ufro gaxda, mxrebi uaresad aewura, TiTqosda cxviric daugrZelda. gax-da, danaRvlianda Julienic. ramdenjerac ki Sevxvdi, yovelTvis sigareti eWira xelSi.

ra Tqma unda, pirispirac vxvdebodiT mezoblebi, magram lara aravisTan gaCerebula, aravisTvis SeuCivlia, rogorc viciT xolme, _ udanaSaulo iyo mama, sxvebs Sealia Ta-visi sicocxle da vin daufasa mereo. Tavdauzogavad ibrZoda mis gadasarCenad, _ am saqmeSic xom cnobilni arian Cveni qalebi, gamorCeviT _ dediserTa qalebi mamebisaT-vis. saidan, rogor, ar vici, magram mainc gamodioda gareT napatimralis janmrTelo-bis ambebi, _ hemoglobini Cvidmetamde hqonda dacemuli. saWmels ki ver Wamda. idga la-ra, uwuravda sxvadasxvagvar wvenebs, uwuravda RviZlsa da xorcsac da patara bavSvsa-viT aZlevda kovziT, cali xeliT Tavwamoweuls. biWic, Julieni, kargi momvleliviT dastrialebda Tavs papas. wuTiT ar tovebdnen martos. xan deda iyo biuletenze, xan Svili. amgvar rameebs kolegebi Tu uxerxebdnen laras. oTx Tves gagrZelda aseTi brZola, oTx Tveze metsac, da gazafxulze, aprilis dasawyisSi, aivanzedac ki gamoCn-da napatimrali. isev ki Camoflasuli edga tansacmeli, magram Sedareba ar iyo, saku-Tar fexebze idga, Tavic sworad eWira da gaSavebuli xelebiT moajirs CaWidebuli gadahyurebda qveyanas. erTxel Cemkenac gamoixeda, Cveni Tvalebi erTmaneTs Sexvdnen. oo, TvalebSi mainc sindiyis simZime da sicive edga.

lara gaTavisuflda mudmivi daZabulobisagan. daubrunda kargi Rimili, tuCebze rom aCndeboda CvenTan Sexvedrisas. gaTavisuflda biWic. napatimrals axla saaTobi-Tac ki SeeZlo marto darCena, iwva, albaT, da kiTxulobda, an arada, fiqrebSi wasu-li, Wers Sehyurebda.

erT dRes gamovida laras mama saxlidan, _ roca Sin ar iyo arc lara, arc Svili-Svili, _ Cavida dabla, Caiara Cveni quCa, Cauyva vaJa-fSavelas prospeqts da iq, fostis maxloblad, waiqca. Semoexvia xalxi, gamouZaxes saswrafo daxmarebas, waiyvanes saavad-myofoSi, magram veraferi uSveles, mokvda. vin iyo, kaciSvilma ver icno, arc pirado-bis mowmoba aRmoaCnda araviTari. jibeSi edo mxolod sam furcelze dawerili da oT-xad gakecili werili. werili egzavneboda marto saxeliTa da mamis saxeliT moxseni-ebul viRac ufross, werili ki ara, moxsenebiTi baraTi. iZulebulni gaxdnen, waekiT-xaT. waikiTxes, yvelaferi gairkva, Seatyobines laras... SemdegSi ambobdnen, sisulele gaakeTeso, magram gvian iyo, werili ukve wakiTxuli hqonda laras.

me ar minaxavs is werili, magram dRes bevrma icis misi Sinaarsi. napatimrali im vi- Rac did ufross swerda, ufro _ moaxsenebda: pirvel rigSi, vin iyo da ra damsaxure-bebi miuZRoda saqveyno saqmeebSi (Canda, ufrossac unda scodnoda es), mere, riT gada-uxades borotma adamianebma, rogor ewama, mainc gauZlo yvelafers da dRes isev fex-ze dgas, da ara marto fexze dgas, kvlavac gaagrZelebs qveynis samsaxurs da aseTad darCeba ukanasknel amosunTqvamde. amis dasadastureblad ki acnobebda: mas hyavs qali-Svili, eqimi, ama da am poliklinikis TanamSromeli, da misi vaJi, politeqnikuri institutis mesame kursis studenti. es deda-Svili TiTqmis yoveldRe, yovelTvis, dila iqneba Tu saRamo, iaponuri tranzistoris meSveobiT, romelic deda-Svils saeWvo gziT unda hqondeT SeZenili moskovSi, usmenen Cveni qveynisTvis mtrul gadmocemebs sazRvargareTidan. mere, raRa Tqma unda, am gadmocemebis Sinaarss avrceleben samsaxurSi da institutSi, es ki iwvevs Cveni adamianebis moralur gaxrwnas... aseTi danaSaulebebis winaaRmdeg yvelam unda ibrZolos, yvelam, didmac da pataramac, uSualo damnaSaveni ki dauyovnebliv izolirebulni unda iqnen Cveni sazogadoebisagan, pirvel rigSi, Tundac, misi Svili da SviliSvili... Torem male, albaT, gvian iqneba, gvian...

qveyanam gaigo es ambavi, magram qarTvelebi varT, mainc uamravni movidnen dakrZal-vaze. mec mivedi mTeli ojaxiT, laras ZaZa emosa, Tavdaxrili ijda, xeli rom Camo-varTvi, amomxeda, madloba gadamixada da, SeiZleba momeCvena, mqrqali mware Rimili ga-ukrTa bageze.



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(1) 1. ra informacias gvawvdis pirveli abzaci laras mamis Sesaxeb? a) laras mamas ToTxmeti weliwadi hqonda misjili samSoblos RalatisaTvis. b) laras mama ToTxmet weliwadze metxans iyo dapatimrebuli. g) laras mama ToTxmeti weliwadi muSaobda did partiul Tanamdebobaze. d) laras mama ToTxmet weliwadze metxans usamarTlod itanjeboda. (1) 2. raze migvaniSnebs avtori meore abzacSi laras mamis garegnobis aRweriT? a) laras mama imdenad aris aRSfoTebuli, rom xelisuflebisaTvis saSiSi gaxda. b) laras mama imdenadaa SeSinebuli, rom saxlidan Tavs ar yofs. g) laras mama imdenadaa SeZrwunebuli, rom sicocxlec ki aRar surs. d) laras mama imdenad aris dauZlurebuli, rom sikvdilis pirasaa misuli. (1) 3. Julienis ra ganwyobilebebs iwvevs babuamisis Sin dabruneba? a) SiSsa da Seuwynareblobas. b) aRSfoTebasa da risxvas. g) dabneulobasa da sevdas. d) zizRsa da siZulvils. (1) 4. ratom ar unda hqonoda laras mezoblebTan Sexvedris survili mamis moyvanis

Semdeg? a) imdenad rcxvenoda mamis danaSaulisa, rom xalxTan saubars Tavs aridebda. b) imdeni ambavi iyo mamis Sesaxeb mosayoli, erCivna _ araferi eTqva. g) imdeni energia sWirdeboda mamis movlas, rom dro aRarafrisTvis rCeboda. d) imdenad eSinoda _ xelaxla ar daeWiraT mama, rom yvelas gaurboda. (1) 5. romel frazaSi mimarTavs avtori mxatvrul saSualebas? a) `ramdenjerac ki Sevxvdi, yovelTvis sigareti eWira xelSi~. b) `Seiyvanes Sin napatimrali, Seiketnen, albaT, daawvines~. g) `dilaadrian rZis rigisken miaCxakunebda boTlebs~. d) `SemaSfoTebeli siCume da uZraoba daawva Cvens sadarbazos~. (1) 6. laras ra Tviseba ikveTeba mamis movlis epizodSi? a) fanatikuri morCileba. b) moCvenebiTi pativiscema. g) uSedego Tavdadeba. d) Tavganwiruli erTguleba. (1) 7. romel frazaSi iyenebs avtori metaforas? a) `gaSavebuli xelebiT moajirs CaWidebuli gadahyurebda qveyanas~. b) `biWic, Julieni, kargi momvleliviT dastrialebda Tavs papas~. g) `kiTxulobda, an arada, fiqrebSi wasuli, Wers Sehyurebda~. d) `TvalebSi mainc sindiyis simZime da sicive edga~. (1) 8. raze SeiZleba migvaniSnebdes avtori imiT, rom saxlidan pirvelad gamosuli

laras mama fostasTan waiqca? a) werili unda gadaeca ufrosisaTvis. b) fostaSi samsaxuris dawyeba surda. g) dasmenis werilis gagzavna undoda. d) fostis SenobasTan SemTxveviT moxvda. (1) 9. ratom ambobda zogi, sisulele gaakeTes, laras mamamisis werili rom waakiTxe-

so? a) larasTvis umjobesi iqneboda, ar scodnoda, risTvis iyo mamamisi dapatimrebuli. b) larasTvis umjobesi iqneboda, ar scodnoda, ra ewera am werilSi. g) jobda, rom larasa da Juliens mogvianebiT gaegoT werilis Sinaarsi. d) jobda, laras ki ara, Juliens gaego, ra ewera werilSi.

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(1) 10. ra danaSauls abralebda laras mama sakuTar Svilsa da SviliSvils? a) usmendnen ucxour radiosadgurs da aravis arafers eubnebodnen. b) usmendnen ucxour radiosadgurs da TviTonac awvdidnen mas informacias. g) usmendnen ucxour radiosadgurs da beWdavdnen politikur proklamaciebs. d) usmendnen ucxour radiosadgurs da Semdeg avrcelebdnen informacias.

(1) 11. ra SeiZleba vivaraudoT laras mamis mier dawerili moxsenebiTi baraTis mixed-

viT? a) laras mama sabWoTa politikuri sistemisaTvis kategoriulad miuRebeli pirovne-

ba unda yofiliyo. b) laras mama partiuli muSaki an uSiSroebis komitetis TanamSromeli unda yofi-

liyo. g) laras mama namdvili patrioti da saqarTvelos damoukideblobisaTvis mebrZoli

unda yofiliyo. d) laras mama ucxoeTis agenti an mtrisgan Semogzavnili diplomati unda yofiliyo.

(1) 12. romel saxelmwifos gulisxmobs laras mama frazaSi: `usmenen Cveni qveynisTvis

mtrul gadmocemebs~? a) gaerTianebul samefos. b) ruseTis federacias. g) saqarTvelos respublikas. d) sabWoTa kavSirs.

(1) 13. ras moiTxovda laras mama moxsenebiT baraTSi? a) sakuTari Svilisa da SviliSvilis dapatimrebas. b) dambezReblebis dauyovnebliv dapatimrebasa da dasjas. g) udanaSaulobis aRiarebasa da zaralis anazRaurebas. d) saswrafo amnistiasa da sayovelTao dafasebas.

(1) 14. laras mamis ra Tvisebebi gamoixata misive xeliT daweril moxsenebiT baraTSi? a) mliqvneloba da Surianoba. b) fanatizmi da umaduroba. g) fanatizmi da gulgriloba. d) umaduroba da ampartavnoba.

(1) 15. ris Sesaxeb ar aris saubari am teqstSi? a) adamianis zneobrivi gadagvarebis. b) mamisadmi Svilis erTgulebis. g) sastiki politikuri represiebis. d) saqarTvelos uangaro siyvarulis.

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imsjeleT laras mamis mxatvruli saxis Sesaxeb.

imsjeleT, ra mxatvrul saSualebebs iyenebs avtori (yuradReba miaqcieT Txrobis stilsa da Taviseburebebs).

CamoayalibeT Tqveni pirovnuli damokidebuleba teqstSi wamoWrili ZiriTadi prob-lemis mimarT. Tqveni Tvalsazrisi daasabuTeT!

davaleba # 14

moTxrobaSi `antonio da daviTi~ jemal qarCxaZe gadmogvcems evropeli misioneris, antoniosa da qarTveli yaCaRis, daviTis, Sexvedris ambavs:

daviTma Tqva: _ antoniom gaicina. mere mSvidad ganagrZo: `geSinia. da Tu yels gamomWri, amasac

SiSis gamo Caiden. kaci kacs mxolod imitom Wris yels, rom eSinia. kacs iaraRi mxo-lod imitom daaqvs Tan, rom eSinia. kaci siaves mxolod imitom sCadis, rom eSinia. bo-rotebas boroti kacic iseve Tvlis usamarTlobad, rogorc keTili, da arc Caidenda, SiSs rom laCrad ar eqcia. laCari da boroti erTi da igivea. SiSi yvela adamians da-badebiTve Tan dahyveba, magram zogs hyofnis gambedaoba, Tvali gausworos Tavis SiSs, zogs ara. visac ar hyofnis, is laCari da usamarTlo xdeba. Tandayolili SiSi sikv-dilis SiSia da vinc SiSs batonad gaixdis, mas yvelaze mosafrTxilebeli amqveynad Tavisi sicocxle hgonia. Sen rom icode, Seni sicocxle imaze meti ara Rirs, vidre sxvisi, gana maSinac moklavdi kacs! Cven yvelani mSiSrebad ki vibadebiT, magram yvela-ni laCrebi ara varT. Sen laCari gamodeqi da SiSis daZlevas SiSis damalva amjobine, radgan SiSis damalva ufro advilia, vidre SiSis daZleva, mokvla ufro advilia, vidre gadarCena, gaZarcva ufro advilia, vidre daxmareba, waqceva ufro advilia, vid-re wamoyeneba, siZulvili ufro advilia, vidre siyvaruli. Sen Sens Tandayolil SiSs ver gauZeli, laCrad iqeci da ioli gza airCie. Sen yvelafris geSinia, rac Sens gare-Taa, amitom cdilob, rac Sens gareTaa, yvelaferi mospo, magram es SeuZlebelia. Tavs

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ar utydebi, Torem Tavadac ici, rom es SeuZlebelia. mTeli qveyana rom monad gaixa-do, rogorc Seni sulmdabali siZe gaixade monad, Sens SiSs mainc araferi eSveleba: nadirs xom ver gaixdi monad, stiqions xom ver daCagrav da daimorCileb, zvavs xom ver Seakaveb, warRvnas xom ver daemalebi, vulkans xom ver gaeqcevi? es ki ici, magram ggonia, rom, Tu Sens sacodav SiSs zemodan sxvaTa sicocxle daayare, sxvaTa tanjva-Si, sxvaTa cremlebSi, sxvaTa SeuracxyofaSi, sxvaTa ubedurebaSi gaaxvie, raki veRar dainaxav, Tavsac moityueb, viTom aRarc arsebobs. magram Seni mcdeloba mxolod Sens ususurobas adasturebs. Sen xom araferi iseTi ar Cagidenia, rasac SegiZlia simamace uwodo! Sen xom mudam imas Cagravdi, imas Zarcvavdi da imas klavdi, visi daCagvrac, vi-si gaZarcvaca da visi mokvlac advili iyo! Sen xom yovelTvis uxifaTo gzas eZebdi! es cixec xom imitom airCie sadgomad, rom Seni siZe advili dasamorCilebeli gamodga! Senze ufro Zliers rom gadaeyaro, xom maSinve samalavs dauwyeb Zebnas! Seni SiSi coc-xalia da ar iqneba erT mSvenier dRes mTeli ZaliT ar amoxeTqos, sisxlsa da xorc-Si ar gagijdes da mTeli Seni sacodavi arseba TxemiT terfamdis, Tmis Zirebamdis Si-Sad ar aqcios! me uiaraRod movedi aq, mkvlelebisa da yaCaRebis bunagSi, sadac ueWve-li sikvdili meloda, Sen ki axaluxis qveS dambaCa gqonda damaluli, roca eklesiaSi Semoxvedi, Tumca icodi, dabeCavebuli xalxi ubatonod xmis gacemas ver gagibedavda. Sen cdilob, yvela monad gaixado, Tavad ki sakuTari SiSis mona xar da mudam imas ake-Teb, rasac SiSi gibrZanebs. male Seni mbrZanebeli jurRmulidan amova, Tavze dagadge-ba da Tvals TvalSi gagiyris. maSin naxav, ra yofila is SiSi, sxvebisTvis rom ase gu-luxvad imetebdi! adre Tu gvian win Segeyreba da iseT adgilas giyelebs, gasaqcevi arsaiT geqneba. jalaTi rom saxrCobelaze agiyvans da moqanave yulfs dainaxav, rome-lic wamis Semdeg kiserze unda SemogeWdos, maSin mixvdebi, rom SiSis meti araferi yofilxar... SuaRamisas tyeSi rom martodmartos mglebis xrova irgvliv Semogexveva da nel-nela daiwyebs sasikvdilo wris Sekvras, maSin mixvdebi, rom SiSis meti arafe-ri yofilxar. diliT rom gaiRviZeb da dainaxav, Tavze mkvleli gadgas, romlis damba-Cis lula SublSi gaqvs mobjenili, maSin dainaxav, rom SiSis meti araferi yofilxar. RviniT savse jamis daclisas rom gul-muceli CageTuTqeba da igrZnob, Turme romeli-Rac Sensav amxanags sawamlavi Semouparebia, maSin mixvdebi, rom SiSis meti araferi yo-filxar. yvelze didi SiSi mere gelis, mas Semdeg, rac sikvdilis SiSi mogklavs. yve-laze didi SiSi maSin gelis, roca Seni codvebi matlebiviT dagexveva da Seni suli Svebis samyofelSi Svebas ver hpovebs. ai, amis saTqmelad movedi. axla SegiZlia dauZa-xo Sens ZaRlebs an Sens amxanagebs, romlebic Sens ZaRlebze ukeTesebi ar arian.~ anto-nio gaCumda. mec Cumad viyavi da sakuTar sxeuls vayuradebdi. iq sibrazis talRa, ro-melsac kargad vicnobdi, radgan Cems moqmedebas mudam is warmarTavda, ramdenjerme ai-zida, magram verc erTxel dasayrdeni ver ipova da amitom, ramdenjerac aizida, imden-jerve ukan daeSva...

antoniom Tqva: _ daviTi didxans, Zalian didxans TvalmouSoreblad miyurebda da saxis gamomety-

veleba swrafad da xSir-xSirad ecvleboda, TiTqos Tavis TavSi iseT Zalas eZebda, ro-melic eWvebs gaufantavda da mtkice gadawyvetilebamde miiyvanda. bolos, etyoba, ra-Rac ganzraxvaze SeCerda. wamiT Taviseburma cbierma da damcinavma Rimilma gadaurbina saxeze da yoymanmac gauara. msubuqad Setrialda, sarkmels miadga da zangs dauZaxa. mere isev mobrunda da kvlav me momaCerda. cota xnis Semdeg kari gaiRo da zRurblze zangi gamoCnda. daviTma TiTiT miixmo. roca zangi mis brZanebaze axlo mivida, xeli Cemken gamoiSvira da raRac uTxra. ra uTxra, ver gavige... mxolod xmis kiloTi da gamo-metyvelebiT Tu mivxvdebodi, raze elaparakeboda. xmis kilo mwyrali hqonda, saxe mkac-ri, Subli SeWmuxnili. TvalebSi risxva edga. zangma pasuxad Tavi dauqnia... mere xeliT

kari maniSna da TviTonac ukan gamomyva. es Zalian mZime wuTebi iyo... ZaRlebi WiSkris-ken mimavali bilikis zemoT Cacucquliyvnen. rom gavuswordiT, yurebi dacqvites da Ta-vebi wamoswies. me, Cemdauneburad, Sevdeqi, zangma, romelmac Cemi SeCereba, Cans Tavisebu-rad gaigo, ZaRlebs raRac uTxra. ZaRlebma yurebi isev dauSves. zangma win gadamiswro da WiSkrisken wavida. mec ukan gavyevi, Tumca wamiTac ar damijerebia, rom aqedan cocx-lad gaSvebas mipirebdnen. roca zangma WiSkari gaaRo da mis saxeze raRac Rimilis msgavsi gaCnda, jer kidev veragobas movelodi. mxolod maSin, cxenze rom Sevjeqi, ci-xis galavans gamovcdi da zangma, romliskenac vcdilobdi ar mimexeda, Cems zurgsukan xmauriT daxura WiSkari, mivxvdi, rom sikvdilis SiSi Turme jer kidev ver dameZlia.

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(1) 1. jemal qarCxaZis teqstis es monakveTi warmoadgens: a) ori pirovnebis dialogis nawyvets. b) ori pirovnebis megobrobis istorias. g) ori pirovnebis SebrZolebis ambavs. d) ori pirovnebis Tavgadasavlis Txrobas. (1) 2. antonios azriT, ris gamo sCadis adamiani borotebas? a) siZulvilis. b) Suris. g) SiSis. d) sircxvilis. (1) 3. visac `hyofnis gambedaoba, Tvali gausworos Tavis SiSs~, a) mas ar SeuZlia gauZlos mosalodnel gansacdels. b) is laCari da usamarTlo arasodes gaxdeba. g) mas yvelaze mosafrTxilebeli Tavisi cxovreba hgonia. d) is SesaZloa sastiki da usamarTlo gaxdes. (1) 4. antonios azriT, ra amjobina daviTma SiSis daZlevas? a) SiSis damalva. b) sxvisadmi morCileba. g) cxovrebisagan gandgoma. d) usamarTlobasTan brZola. (1) 5. raze migvaniSnebs antonio sityvebiT: `siZulvili ufro advilia, vidre siyvaruli~? a) sikeTe qveyanas ufro gamoadgeba, vidre _ boroteba. b) sikeTis keTeba ufro Znelia, vidre _ borotebisa. g) sikeTes xalxi ufro daafasebs, vidre _ borotebas. d) sikeTis keTeba ufro sasiamovnoa, vidre _ borotebisa. (1) 6. antonios azriT, ram ganapiroba daviTis yaCaRad qceva? a) daviTma ver gabeda sazogadoebasTan dapirispireba da ioli gza airCia. b) daviTma ver irwmuna RmerTi da borotebis gzas daadga. g) daviTma ver gauZlo Tandayolil SiSs da umZimes gzas daadga. d) daviTma ver gauZlo Tandayolil SiSs da ioli gza airCia. (1) 7. ras eloda antonio, rodesac yaCaRTa bunagSi uiaraRod midioda? a) gardauval sikvdils. b) guliTad maspinZlobas. g) daviTis monaniebas. d) yuradRebiT mosmenas. (1) 8. romeli argumentiT asabuTebs antonio, rom daviTi mSiSaraa? a) `win Segeyreba da iseT adgilas giyelebs, gasaqcevi arsaiT geqneba~. b) `icodi, dabeCavebuli xalxi ubatonod xmis gacemas ver gagibedavda~. g) `axaluxis qveS dambaCa gqonda damaluli, roca eklesiaSi Semoxvedi~. d) `cixec imitom airCie sadgomad, rom Seni siZe advili dasamorCilebeli gamodga~.

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(1) 9. antonios azriT, sad moelis yvelaze didi SiSi daviTs? a) saiqioSi. b) sapyrobileSi. g) saxrCobelaze. d) tyeSi.

(1) 10. romel frazaSi iyenebs avtori metaforas? a) `Senze ufro Zliers rom gadaeyaro, xom maSinve samalavs dauwyeb Zebnas!~ b) `sibrazis talRa, romelsac kargad vicnobdi... ramdenjerme aizida~. g) `axla SegiZlia dauZaxo... Sens amxanagebs, romlebic ZaRlebze ukeTesebi ar arian~. d) `miyurebda da saxis gamometyveleba swrafad da xSir-xSirad ecvleboda~.

(1) 11. ras gulisxmobs antonio, rodesac ambobs: `es Zalian mZime wuTebi iyo~? a) daviTma veraferi gaigo. b) daviTi Canafiqrs miuxvda. g) yaCaRi axloblebs dauxocavda. d) cocxals ar datovebdnen.

(1) 12. rodis mixvda antonio, rom sikvdils gadaurCa? a) rodesac gaiazra, rom sikvdilis SiSi daZlia. b) rodesac dainaxa, rom daviTi kmayofili iyo. g) rodesac cxenze amxedrebuli yaCaRTa cixes gascda. d) rodesac cxenze amxedrebuli sakuTar saxls miuaxlovda.

(1) 13. antonios ra Tvisebebi Cans am teqstSi? a) moxerxebuloba da mimtevebloba. b) sikeTe da Tavmdabloba. g) mWevrmetyveleba da gambedaoba. d) sibrZne da iumori.

(1) 14. sakuTari Tavis mimarT antonios ra damokidebuleba Cans frazaSi: `sikvdilis

SiSi Turme jer kidev ver dameZlia~? a) kritikuli. b) kmayofili. g) ironiuli. d) mimtevebluri.

(1) 15. ris Sesaxeb ar aris saubari am teqstSi? a) miutevebeli codvis. b) samSoblos siyvarulis. g) sikvdilis SiSis. d) Cadenili danaSaulis.

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weriTi davalebis instruqcia: yuradRebiT gaecaniT davalebis pirobas. naweri ar gaswordeba, Tu naSromi davalebas ar upasuxebs, mocemuli teqstis pe-








imsjeleT antonios mxatvruli saxis Sesaxeb.



davaleba # 15

romanSi `samoseli pirveli~ guram doCanaSvili mogviTxrobs: da rogorc iqna, naSuaRamevs, namdvili Tovlic movida, qvafenilTa siTbos momrevi,

rbilad brWyvialebda farnis Suqze... ah, rogor Tovda lamaz-qalaqSi, msubuqad ido saxuravebze, TeTrad aCenda aqa-iq xeebs, peSvze loya edoT lamaz-qalaqelebs, eZinaT...

ucnaur Svebas grZnobdnen bundovani, TeTri sizmrebidan TavdaRweuli lamaz-qala-qelebi: Tvals axeldnen da maSinve fanjrisken gaurbodaT mzera _ ucxo sinaTle idga oTaxSi, fexSiSvelni midiodnen fanjarasTan perangisamara qalebi da Tovlis danaxva-ze TiTqos umkvrivdebodaT gamWvirvale perangebidan gamomzirali madliani nakvTebi _ Tovli mosula! uceb, erTbaSad iRviZebdnen da lamaz-qalaqSi aTasgan TeTrad feTqde-boda gaocebul TvalebSi Tovli, magrad SefuTvnili, ToTo bavSvebic mihyavdaT de-debs fanjarasTan da isinic TvaldaWyetilni Sescqerodnen ucnob siTeTres da gaoce-bisagan patara TiTebs aRar loRnidnen _ zogi axlaRa xedavda pirvel Tovls, zogic, vin icis, meramdened da yvelas uxaroda... aCqarebulni sauzmobdnen da quCaSi garbod-nen, bevrs lukmac ar Casvlia pirSi, ise gamovida lamaz-qalaqSi, viRacas moxvda vinsen-tes xeliT nasroli gunda, mamida ariadnamac ki vadaze adre gaiRviZa _ gakvirvebul-ma, vadaze adre daafaxula sqlad SeRebili wamwamebi da netarebiT Tqva: `ah, brr...~ isev, kvlav Tovda! dRis sinaTleze xalisianad eSvebodnen didi, daCvretili, msubuqi fifqebi da iseTi laRi, ise Tamami gundaoba gaimarTa! darbaisel senior juliosac zed kinkrixoSi moxvda gunda da wowola qudi gadauvarda. magram julios ara swyenia, cilio moxdenilad styorcnida pawia gundebs mxolod lamazebs, antoniosTvis erTi iyo yvela da juzepemac, gaxarebulma, mTeli peSvi Tovli ituca pirSi. cigebiT mosri-

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alebdnen loyebawiTlebuli bavSvebi, da saeWvo daRmarTTan mdgarma mamida ariadnam nazad iTxova: `geTayvaT, duilio, momaSveleT raa, mklavi...~ magram duilio Tavad wa-iqca, TovaSi gawkrialda konCentinas laRi sicili, `gamikeTeT, ra, gunda, xelebi game-yina,~ ixveweboda viRac qali da aleqsandro gaxarebuli Sescqeroda bednier, saxegabr-wyinebul lamaz-qalaqelebs...

gorakebisken gaemarTnen, maRal fiWvebze sqlad ido Tovli, didian-patarianad, ci-gebiT eSvebodnen, da ise bednierad, ise Zalumad gaismoda ayiravebulTa sicili... dino moqroda TvalmoWutuli, erTianad awuruli, yvelafrisadmi mzadmyofi, gzadagza moxer-xebulad icdenda gundebs, Tokgamobmuli cigebiT daaseirnebdnen jer fexaudgmel bav-Svebs, momcro xeebs ajanjRarebdnen da Tovls ayridnen erTmaneTs Tavze, im TeTri bednierebiT pirTamde bednierni, da mxolod saseirnod gamoyvanili ugo, TxuTmeti wlis giJi, siZulviliT Sescqeroda yvelas da xmadabla butbutebda: `wiTeli sisxli... wiTeli, Tovlze...~ magram misi xma arc gaugiaT, Jriamulobdnen... da domenikos danaxva-ze ugo maSinve aiZurwa da fexakrefiT gaipara Sin, domeniko ki modioda, gabruebuli im wminda haeriT, mis sofelSi rom icoda da, lurj mosasxamSi gaxveuli, Txeli, maRa-li, ucxo qalaqSi pirvel Tovlze miabijebda. `SexeT, SexedeT, ra lamazad eSvebian fifqebi, _ iZaxda duilio, _ gana sacodaoba ar aris, silamazis muzeumSi rom ar imyo-febian isini? _ da daayola, _ wyarodan Wiqas nu wamoiReb!~ `aman rom ar Cagvamwaros...~ _ aimriza aleqsandro, norCi janjakomo ki, awiTlebuli, sadRac mRelvared iyureboda da iqiTkenve iyureboda cilio, msunagi, akrefili. tereza modioda.

is modioda laRi, Tamami, da raRac sicelqe aSkarad Caexvia gulSi _ mwvane Tvale-bi ise ubzinavda. daTovlil gorakze adioda tereza, odnav wingadaxrili, cali xeliT doinji Semoeyara, meores ki lamazad arwevda yoveli moxdenili nabijisTanave. grZe-li qurqi ecva, didi, mamiseuli tlanqi Ceqmebi da mainc ise moxdenilad, iseTi rweviT amodioda... sqeli Tavsafari magrad gaenaskva yelze, tuCebmokumuli, Rimils ZlivsZli-vobiT ikavebda da pawia foso jiutad aCnda mxolod cal, susxiT nazad Seferil lo-yaze, Txeli, faqizi nestoebi siciveSi TiTqos uTrToda.

tereza amodioda gorakze, tereza, TaviT-fexamde qali, laRi, Tavneba da qaluro-biT mainc tansacmlianad gaJRenTili, ucnauri, axirebuli moZraobebi TiTqos aSiSv-lebdnen gaognebuli mamakacebis TvalSi da uu, rogor sZuldaT suyvelaferi, rac ki terezas im susxian diliT ecva. qali amodioda TovlSi, axalgazrda, bednieri qvrivi, da arafrisa dardi ara hqonda, moabijebda. is goraki rom amoiara, Sedga, uneburad wre Semoartyes, terezam ki Tavsafari Seixsna, qurqi moiReRa, Ceqmiani fexi Ronivrad dahkra Tovlze da xeli SemarTa. gaocebulni umzerdnen, terezam ki fexebi aaTamaSa Tovlze, SeCerda da... TeZoze dairtya xeli. mere Sebrunda, mxari loyamde azida, xe-lebi ganze gaSala, fexis wverebze aiwia da, uecrad mkerdze xelebmixutebuli, adgil-ze gaqvavda. da sanam gaocebuli lamaz-qalaqelebi daWyetil Tvalebs daaxamxamebdnen, tereza odnav, msubuqad Sexta da yvelani erTad mixvdnen _ cekvavda qali. tereza cek-vavda pirvel Tovlze, mxolod misTvis gasagebi bednierebiT bednieri, tereza cekvav-da romeliRac ucnob, saxeldaxelod gamogonil cekvas, grZeli Tma ufrialebda, ucax-caxebda mxrebi, erTianadac caxcaxebda da gamwarebuli iRimeboda cekvisas Tvaldaxu-Wuli qali da irgvliv _ Tovda... didi CeqmebiT tkepnida Tovls acekvebuli qali _ tereza da is arnaxuli xelebis qneva sxvas Tu sasacilos gaxdida, terezas ucnauri, yovlis momrevi sisastikiT amSvenebda, qali cekvavda maT Tvalwin, wreSi, gamaRiziane-beli, Casaqoli da mainc TiTs vin daakarebda _ yvelas uyvarda, da sZuldaT kidec _ cekvisas ise ucnaurad amaRlebuli da miuwvdomeli, is ki SeCerda, odnav ukan gadai-xara, moqanculma, marcxena xeli TiTqos Zlivs aswia, grZeli, moqnili, wvetiani TiTe-bi domenikosken gaiSvira da imisTvis zedac ar Seuxedavs, siCumeSi xalxs im Tavisi lamazi, dabali xmiT ase uTxra:

es biWi momwons... a) wakiTxulis gaazreba (15 qula)


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(1) 1. ra ganwyoba daeuflaT `lamaz-qalaqelebs~ Tovlis danaxvisas? a) gaogneba da sinanuli. b) gaogneba da SeSfoTeba. g) gaoceba da siZulvili. d) gaoceba da sixaruli.

(1) 2. romel frazaSia gamoyenebuli metafora? a) `gaocebisagan patara TiTebs aRar loRnidnen~. b) `fexSiSvelni midiodnen fanjarasTan perangisamara qalebi~. g) `isinic TvaldaWyetilni Sescqerodnen ucnob siTeTres~. d) `TeTrad feTqdeboda gaocebul TvalebSi Tovli~.

(1) 3. rogori warmodgena SeiZleba Seeqmnas mkiTxvels mamida ariadnas Sesaxeb? a) eWviania. b) laRia. g) mowyenilia. d) keklucia.

(1) 4. ra qmnis kontrasts sayovelTao mxiarulebis fonze? a) aleqsandros reaqcia qalaqelebis saqcielze. b) konCentinas usafuZvlo mxiaruleba. g) TxuTmeti wlis giJis sityvebi. d) mosasxamSi gaxveuli domenikos gamoCena.

(1) 5. raze migvaniSnebs avtori duilios sityvebiT? a) es personaJi yuradRebis miqcevas maRalfardovnobiT cdilobs. b) es personaJi yuradRebis miqcevas simamaciT cdilobs. g) es personaJi yuradRebis miqcevas moxerxebulobiT cdilobs. d) es personaJi yuradRebis miqcevas TavazianobiT cdilobs.

(1) 6. aleqsandros ra damokidebuleba mJRavndeba duilios Sesaxeb naTqvam sityvebSi? a) aleqsandros megobrad miaCnia duilio. b) aleqsandros uyvars duilio. g) aleqsandros mtrad miaCnia duilio. d) aleqsandros aRizianebs duilio.

(1) 7. ra ganapirobebs moqalaqeTa ganwyobilebis Secvlas? a) sayovelTao mxiaruleba. b) terezas gamoCena. g) domenikos gamoCena. d) SeuCerebeli Tova.

(1) 8. romeli sityvebi afiqrebinebs mkiTxvels, rom raRac uCveulo unda moxdes? a) `ecva didi, mamiseuli tlanqi Ceqmebi~. b) `faqizi nestoebi siciveSi TiTqos uTrToda~. g) `cali xeliT doinji Semoeyara~. d) `raRac sicelqe aSkarad Caexvia gulSi~.

(1) 9. romeli fraza mianiSnebs mkiTxvels, rom tereza Zalian lamazi qalia? a) `sqeli Tavsafari magrad gamoenaskva yelze~. b) `tuCebmokumuli, Rimils ZlivsZlivobiT ikavebda~. g) `sZuldaT suyvelaferi, rac ki terezas im susxian diliT ecva~. d) `qali amodioda TovlSi, axalgazrda, bednieri qvrivi~.

(1) 10. ratom unda iyos tereza darwmunebuli, rom aseTi ucnauri saqcielis gamo ara-vin dascinebs?

a) kargad icis, rom `lamaz-qalaqelebs~ iumoris grZnoba ara aqvT. b) kargad icis, rom yvela erideba da verafers gaubedaven. g) kargad icis, rom Zalian lamazia da yvelas moswons. d) kargad icis, rom moqalaqeebi qalis dacinvas ar ikadreben.

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(1) 11. tropuli metyvelebis romeli saxeobaa gamoyenebuli sityvebSi: `daCvretili fifqebi~?

a) hiperbola. b) gapirovneba. g) epiTeti. d) Sedareba.

(1) 12. ratom iyvnen `lamaz-qalaqelebi~ gaocebulni da TvalebdaWyetilni? a) isini mojadoebulni iyvnen terezas cekviT. b) isini moxiblulni iyvnen terezas silamaziT. g) maT ver daijeres, rom terezas domeniko moswonda. d) isini ver mixvdnen, ras akeTebda tereza.

(1) 13. ra iwvevs grZnobaTa amgvar gaorebas: `yvelas uyvarda, da sZuldaT kidec~? a) tereza cdilobs domenikos moawonos Tavi, rac sxvebs abrazebs. b) tereza Tavs awonebs da Segnebulad aRizianebs `lamaz-qalaqis~ mamakacebs. g) tereza Tavs awonebs domenikos, rom Semdeg erTgul ymad gaixados. d) tereza saocrad izidavs mamakacebs, magram qali miuwvdomelia maTTvis.

(1) 14. terezas ra Tviseba Cans am teqstSi? a) Tavmdabloba. b) Tavdadeba. g) Tavdajerebuloba. d) TavdaWeriloba.

(1) 15. ris Sesaxeb ar aris saubari am teqstSi? a) domenikos mimarT terezas damokidebulebis Sesaxeb. b) pirveli TovliT gamowveuli sixarulis Sesaxeb. g) duilios mimarT aleqsandros damokidebulebis Sesaxeb. d) samSoblos siyvaruliT gamowveuli bednierebis Sesaxeb.










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imsjeleT terezas mxatvruli saxis Sesaxeb.


CamoayalibeT Tqveni pirovnuli damokidebuleba teqstis mTavari saTqmelis mimarT. Tqveni Tvalsazrisi daasabuTeT!

davaleba # 16

yuradRebiT waikiTxeT nawyveti guram odiSarias wignidan `soxumSi dabruneba~: _ o, es soxumelebi sul ar arian gasaSvebi iqiT, gadadian da mere imaT yvelafers

eubnebian... mere imaT yvelaferi ician _ sad dgas Cveni tankebi da qvemexebi... Cveni ja-rebi, mere isini TviTmfrinavebidan bombaven Cvenebs, _ ambobs `ikarusSi~ mZRolis gver-diTa savarZelSi Cvengan zurgSeqceviT mjdomi qali da saqare minidan abaSis sadgur-Si mofusfuse xalxs akvirdeba.

mZRoli gareT aris gasuli, mgzavrTa umravlesobac iqvea _ zogi sigarets eweva, zogic Soriaxlo daxetialobs. ukve saaTze metia, rac avtobusi sadgomSi dgas.

1993 wlis 8 oqtomberia, dilis 11 saaTi. avtobusSi nauReltexilari soxumelebi _ siqagamoclili qalebi da bavSvebi, axlad SeRerili biWebi arian, kidev _ ramdenime ka-ci, da kidev me _ avtobusis ukana savarZelze bibliur meudabnoesaviT naxevradwamo-wolili da naxevradmTvlemare, naxevrad avtobusSi da naxevrad kidev, RmerTma uwyis, sad myofi.

Cveni erTobis prestiJuli warmomadgenlebi (ZiriTadad kacebi) abaSis samxedro Stab-Si imyofebian da iq samSvidobo molaparakebebs warmarTaven. saqme is aris, rom soxu-mel devnilebs zogs TbilisSi, zogs quTaisSi da zogsac sxva qalaqsa Tu sofelSi, moyvrebsa da mokeTeebTan, soxumidan adre TavdaRweul da gaxiznul ojaxebTan gvinda CavaRwioT rogorme, magram aris erTi patara `magram~ _ Cvens survilsa da realur vi-Tarebas erTmaneTisagan erTi mdinare mijnavs _ cxeniswyali, romlis gaRma (samtredii-saken) samTavrobo jariskacebi arian gamagrebulebi, gamoRma ki (abaSisken) _ qobalias mebrZolebi. mdinaris gaswvriv srolebia, ase vTqvaT, poziciuri brZolebi mimdinare-obs. Cven ki, sikvdils gadarCenili sulswrafi miamitebi, dilauTenia cxeniswylis xids `ikarusiT~ jiqur miveWeriT da uecrad iseT vaiuSvelebelSi movxvdiT, rom lamis af-xazeTis omi sanatrebeli gagvixda, lamis usaxelod davasruleT Cveni bedkruli epo-pea _ Wurvebi xan marcxniv skdeboda, xan marjvniv...

dilis 11 saaTia. abaSa raciiT ukavSirdeba samtredias, samtredia upasuxebs abaSas. abaSa gadascems: soxumelebs gadasvla undaT, gaatarebT? samtredia: gavatarebT. oRond Tqven SewyviteT srola. abaSa: Cven SevwyvetT, Tu Tqven SewyvetT. samtredia: Cven SevwvetT. Tqven? abaSa: Cvenc. Tqven? samtredia: Cvenc. Tqven? abaSa: Tqven, Cvenc? fui, _ Cvenc, Tqvenc?..

gidis savarZelSi mokalaTebul qals mxolod maSinRa vamCnev, roca soxumelebs ax-senebs. igi kvlav saqare minis ekrans Sehyurebs... qali sustia, mkacri ieris, ase ormo-ciode wlis, nerviulad WmuWnis cxvirsaxocs... Tavs avtobusis meufed grZnobs, winamZRo-lad, liderad (ra Tqma unda, erTpirovnulad). Tavisi SemarTuli sxeuliT xazgasmiT

da wamdauwum gvimeorebs da gvaxsenebs, rom igi arc meti, arc naklebi, didi qalbato-nis _ ekaterine WavWavaZe-dadianis memkvidrea, Tu Cven WkuiT ar moviqceviT... mere yve-laferi Cvens Tavs unda davabraloT.

mgzavrebma kargad ician, vis gulisxmobs qali `maTSi~ da vis `CvenSi~. Cveni qalebis-Tvis yvelaferi es araxalia, Zvelicaa ukve _ uReltexilis Semdeg gulSi Caikres dev-nilebi zugdidelebma da senakelebma, abaSelebma da xobelebma _ baRaTuriebma da anCa-baZeebma, samuSiebma da Sedaniebma, narouSvilebma da Caganavebma... didebma da patarebma, yvelam, mTelma samegrelom, magram ai, zugdididan wamosvlisas, daiZra Tu ara devnile-biT savse matarebeli, baqanze mdgarma ramdenime ulmobelsaxianma, romeliRac Tavyri-lobidan momavalma, viRacis mier gaxelebulma qalma sul muStebi uqnia da qoqola ayara soxumel qalebs:

_ aibargeT aqedan, Tqve SevardnaZistebo! gamyidvelebo! zugdidis wminda miwas ar unda daadgaT fexi! mieciT, kidev mieciT SevardnaZes xma, axia Tqvenze, rac mogivi-daT!..

ramdenime dRis Semdeg amasac gavigebT (ukve sxvagan):

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_ soxumelebo! zviadistebo! Tqve moRalateebo! aqeT ras gamorbodiT, ageRoT iara-Ri da geomaT afxazebTan! alalia, rac mogividaT!..

kidev ramdenime dRis Semdeg dardiani da mSieri, sasowarkveTamde misuli Tbilisi miealerseba soxumis mkvidrT, magram aqac aRmoCndeba xalxi, romelic ityvis:

_ es ltolvilebi sul zviadistebi arian ra! padriad! erTi magaTi!.. Cemi sityva qalis monologis sapasuxod sul ramdenime wamis mere gaisma... pirdapir

SevardnaZistoba (an sulac piriqiT _ zviadistoba) rom daebralebina CvenTvis, xmas rogor amoviRebdi, magram agentoba? dameTanxmebiT, damamcirebelia friad, ese igi, Cven, `stukaCebi~, aqedan iqiT ambis gadamtanebi varT, Tanac viTom gaWirvebul da bed-Sav xalxad mogvaqvs Tavi, arada, saidumlo rukebi da sqemebi, gaSifruli ustarebi gvaqvs tansacmelSi Cakerebuli, da ai, Camogvglija niRabi didma qalbatonma da amiT kidev erTi damateba Seitana soxumelTa sabraldebo daskvnaSi warmodgenil danaSau-lobaTa grZel nusxaSi.

_ maS, ubrZaneT, qalbatono, gadmoiyvanon es soxumelebi avtobusidan da daxvri-ton!..

_ daxvriton!.. _ kidev erT sityvas vamateb msoflio oratoriis istoriaSi yvelaze mokle gamosvlas da amiT TviTSewirvis rainduli elferiT vmosav mas. Cemi xma Zalu-mad gaisma salon-senatSi, mgoni, gareTac gaJona.

erTi ki Setokda èkaterine~, magram umalve gaxevda, Cemsken ar Semobrunebula. gai-susa avtobusi. èkaterine~ xom is qali ar aris, vinmes sityva SearCinos, magram...

is avtobusis TavSia, me _ boloSi. Cvens Soris mTeli ìkarusi~ manZilia. velode-bi, _ ai, axla Semotrialdeba da gladiatorebiviT samkvdro-sasicocxlod vetakebiT erTmaneTs. an is, an me, magram ara, ar ebmeba brZolaSi, dums. qalbatonebi ki TavianTi savarZel-loJebidan sunTqvaSekruli dagvcqerian. maT Cveni sisxlis xilva swyuriaT, dido qalbatono, da sad daiRvreba es sisxli _ arenis qviSaze Tu avtobusis gaTe-lil rezinis safenebze, maTTvis sulerTia. maT Cveni misalmebis gagoneba swadiaT... gadis ramdenime wuTi da vgrZnob, udavoa Cemi gamarjveba _ avtobusis mbrZaneblis skiptra xelT mipyria ukve da Semoqmeds madlobas SevRaRadeb. soxumeli qalbatonebi madlierebiT savse TvalebiT rigrigobiT gadmomxedaven savarZelTa maRali sazurgee-bidan, maTi mzera meubneba, rom Cemi vaJkacuri gamosvlisaTvis umaRlesi qulebi davim-saxure 10, 10, 10...

magram vin gacala triumfatoroba, Zvirfaso mkiTxvelo, _ avtobusis kari farTod gaiRo da Cveni diplomatiuri misia Semocvivda. gadawyda _ gaRmeli qarTvelebi da ga-moRmeli qarTvelebi SeTanxmdnen, rom zustad pirvel saaTze Sewyviton srola da xidze soxumeli qarTvelebi gaataron! gixarodeT, mamuliSvilno, RmerTi CvenTanaa!..



(1) 1. ra viTarebaa am teqstSi aRwerili? a) afxazeTidan devnilebi cdiloben brZoliT gaagrZelon gza. b) afxazeTidan devnilebi samoqalaqo omis epicentrSi moxvdnen. g) afxazeTidan devnilebi cdiloben datovon saqarTvelo. d) afxazeTidan devnilebi samoqalaqo omSi CaerTvnen. (1) 2. ra ganwyobilebas gamoxatavs `mZRolis gverdiTa savarZelSi... mjdomi qalis~ si-

tyvebi? a) imedgacruebas. b) gancvifrebas. g) Seuwynareblobas. d) Semwynareblobas.

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(1) 3. romel frazaSi mimarTavs avtori tropul metyvelebas? a) `savarZelSi mokalaTebul qals mxolod maSinRa vamCnev, roca soxumelebs axse-

nebs~. b) `dardiani da mSieri, sasowarkveTamde misuli Tbilisi miealerseba soxumis

mkvidrT~. g) `qali sustia, mkacri ieris, ase ormociode wlis, nerviulad WmuWnis cxvirsa-

xocs~. d) `Tu Cven WkuiT ar moviqceviT... mere yvelaferi Cvens Tavs unda davabraloT~. (1) 4. rogor moxda, rom devnilebs lamis afxazeTis omi gauxdaT sanatreli? a) zugdidan wamosvlisas ramdenime qalma devnilebi dawyevla. b) cxeniswylis xidis gadasvla saerTod SeuZlebeli aRmoCnda. g) sikvdilis safrTxis gamo ukan gabruneba mouxdaT. d) moulodnelad aRmoCndnen sikvdilis safrTxis winaSe. (1) 5. ra mxatvrul saSualebas iyenebs avtori, rodesac samtredia-abaSis molaparake-

bis Sesaxeb gviambobs? a) alegorias. b) ironias. g) metaforas. d) hiperbolas. (1) 6. ris gamoxatva surs avtors sityvebiT: àvtobusis ukana savarZelze bibliur me-

udabnoesaviT naxevradwamowolili da naxevradmTvlemare, naxevrad avtobusSi da naxevrad kidev, RmerTma uwyis, sad myofi~?

a) sakuTari uZlurebisadmi ironiuli damokidebulebis. b) sakuTari SemarTebisadmi ironiuli damokidebulebis. g) sakuTari ugunurebisadmi ironiuli damokidebulebis. d) sakuTari gulgrilobisadmi ironiuli damokidebulebis. (1) 7. ram ganapiroba, rom soxumidan devnilTaTvis ucnobi qalis braldeba àraxali~

iyo? a) maT ukve bevrjer daabrales samSoblos interesebis sawinaaRmdego moqmedeba. b) maT ukve bevrjer daabrales kanonierad arCeuli xelisuflebis damxoba. g) maT ukve bevrjer usayvedures TanamemamuleTa mimarT gulgrilobis gamo. d) maT ukve bevrjer usayvedures ruseTis jaris mxardaWeris gamo. (1) 8. romeli fraza gamoxatavs `gidis savarZelSi mokalaTebuli qalis~ ampartavno-

bas? a) èrTi ki Setokda... magram umalve gaxevda~. b) `gvaxsenebs, rom... ekaterine WavWavaZe-dadianis memkvidrea~. g) `qali sustia, mkacri ieris, ase ormociode wlis~. d) `mere yvelaferi Cvens Tavs unda davabraloT~. (1) 9. `viRacis mier gaxelebuli~ qalebis romeli sityvebi SeiZleba iwvevdes mkiTxve-

lis ironias? a) àibargeT aqedan, Tqve SevardnaZistebo! gamyidvelebo!~ b) `zugdidis wminda miwas ar unda daadgaT fexi!~ g) `mieciT, kidev mieciT SevardnaZes xma~. d) àxia Tqvenze, rac mogividaT!~ (1) 10. ra azrs gamoxatavs mTxrobeli erT-erTi personaJis sityvebiT: ès ltolvilebi

sul zviadistebi arian...~? a) am sityvebis mTqmeli gamoxatavs gulgrilobas Seqmnili viTarebis gamo. b) am sityvebis mTqmels gulwrfelad awuxebs soxumeli devnilebis gaWirveba. g) am sityvebis mTqmeli arafriT gansxvavdeba `viRacis mier gaxelebuli~ qalebisagan. d) am sityvebis mTqmels kargad aqvs gaazrebuli Seqmnili viTarebis tragizmi.

75

(1) 11. sakuTari Tavis mimarT mTxroblis ra damokidebuleba vlindeba sityvebSi: `TviT-Sewirvis rainduli elferiT vmosav~?

a) ironiuli. b) aRfrTovanebuli. g) Semwynarebluri. d) usamarTlo.

(1) 12. qalis ra Tviseba Cans mTxrobliseul SefasebaSi: `is qali ar aris, vinmes sityva SearCinos~?

a) cru da upiro adamiania. b) TvalTmaqci da eWviani adamiania. g) ukmexi da anCxli adamiania. d) gaunaTlebeli da ugunuri adamiania.

(1) 13. ras gulismobs mTxrobeli sityvebSi: `maT Cveni misalmebis gagoneba swadiaT~? a) avtobusSi myof adamianebs `diplomatiuri misiis~ warmateba surT. b) avtobusSi myof adamianebs mopaeqreTa dazavebis xilva surT. g) avtobusSi myof adamianebs moqiSpeTa Tavidan moSoreba surT. d) avtobusSi myof adamianebs mwvave dapirispirebis xilva surT.

(1) 14. ratom emadlierebian mTxrobels soxumeli qalbatonebi? a) mTxrobeli soxumel qalbatonebs gzis gagrZelebaSi daexmara. b) mTxrobelma soxumeli qalbatonebi xifaTisagan ixsna. g) mTxrobeli soxumel qalbatonebs SurisZiebaSi daexmara. d) mTxrobelma soxumeli qalbatonebis Rirseba daicva.

(1) 15. ris Sesaxeb ar aris saubari am teqstSi? a) sazogadoebis gaxleCis. b) samSoblos siyvarulis. g) samoqalaqo dapirispirebis. d) devnilTa gasaWiris.










76


imsjeleT `gidis savarZelSi mokalaTebuli qalis~ mxatvruli saxis Sesaxeb.



wakiTxulis gaazrebis Sefasebis sqema

davaleba # 1

1. ------------------- d) 2. ------------------ d) 3. ------------------- g) 4. ------------------ g) 5. ------------------ d) 6. ------------------ d) 7. ------------------- g) 8. ------------------- g) 9. ------------------ d) 10. ------------------ a) 11. ------------------ b) 12. ----------------- d) 13. ----------------- d) 14. ----------------- g) 15. ----------------- d)

davaleba # 2

1. ------------------- d) 2. ------------------- b) 3. ------------------- g) 4. ------------------- a) 5. ------------------- a) 6. ------------------- g) 7. ------------------- b) 8. ------------------- g) 9. ------------------- b) 10. ----------------- d) 11. ------------------ a) 12. ----------------- d) 13. ------------------ g) 14. ----------------- d) 15. ----------------- g)

davaleba # 3

1. ------------------- b) 2. ------------------- g) 3. ------------------- b) 4. ------------------- d) 5. ------------------- b) 6. ------------------- a) 7. ------------------- a) 8. ------------------- b) 9. ------------------- b) 10. ----------------- g) 11. ------------------ a) 12. ----------------- g) 13. ----------------- d) 14. ----------------- d) 15. ------------------ b)

davaleba # 4

1. -------------------- b) 2. ------------------ d) 3. ------------------- g) 4. ------------------- g) 5. ------------------ d) 6. ------------------ d) 7. ------------------ d) 8. ------------------- g) 9. ------------------- b) 10. ----------------- d) 11. ------------------ b) 12. ----------------- d) 13. ------------------ a) 14. ------------------ b) 15. ----------------- d)

davaleba # 5

1. ------------------ d) 2. ------------------ d) 3. ------------------ d) 4. ------------------ g) 5. ------------------- a) 6. ------------------ d) 7. ------------------- b) 8. ------------------ d) 9. ------------------ g) 10. ----------------- g) 11. ----------------- g) 12. ----------------- d) 13. ----------------- d) 14. ----------------- g) 15. ----------------- d)

davaleba # 6

1. ------------------- a) 2. ------------------- g) 3. ------------------- b) 4. ------------------- a) 5. ------------------- b) 6. ------------------ d) 7. ------------------- a) 8. ------------------- g) 9. ------------------- a) 10. ----------------- b) 11. ----------------- d) 12. ----------------- g) 13. ------------------ g) 14. ------------------ a) 15. ----------------- b)

davaleba # 7

1. ------------------- a) 2. ------------------ d) 3. ------------------- d) 4. ------------------- a) 5. ------------------ d) 6. ------------------- b) 7. ------------------ d) 8. ------------------- b) 9. ------------------- a) 10. ----------------- b) 11. ------------------ b) 12. ----------------- d) 13. ------------------ b) 14. ----------------- d) 15. ----------------- g)

davaleba # 8

1. ------------------- d) 2. ------------------- a) 3. ------------------- g) 4. ------------------- g) 5. ------------------ d) 6. ------------------- b) 7. ------------------- d) 8. ------------------- b) 9. ------------------- b) 10. ----------------- g) 11. ------------------ b) 12. ----------------- b) 13. ------------------ d) 14. ------------------ g) 15. ----------------- d)

77

davaleba # 9

1. ------------------- d) 2. ------------------- a) 3. ------------------- g) 4. ------------------- g) 5. ------------------ d) 6. ------------------- b) 7. ------------------- d) 8. ------------------- b) 9. ------------------- b) 10. ----------------- g) 11. ------------------ b) 12. ----------------- b) 13. ------------------ d) 14. ------------------ g) 15. ----------------- d)

davaleba # 10

1. ------------------- a) 2. ------------------ d) 3. ------------------- d) 4. ------------------- a) 5. ------------------ d) 6. ------------------- b) 7. ------------------ d) 8. ------------------- b) 9. ------------------- a) 10. ----------------- b) 11. ------------------ b) 12. ----------------- d) 13. ------------------ b) 14. ----------------- d) 15. ----------------- g)

davaleba # 11

1. ------------------- d) 2. ------------------- b) 3. ------------------- g) 4. ------------------- a) 5. ------------------- a) 6. ------------------- g) 7. ------------------- b) 8. ------------------- g) 9. ------------------- b) 10. ----------------- d) 11. ------------------ a) 12. ----------------- d) 13. ------------------ g) 14. ----------------- d) 15. ----------------- g)

davaleba # 12

1. ------------------- d) 2. ------------------ d) 3. ------------------- g) 4. ------------------ g) 5. ------------------ d) 6. ------------------ d) 7. ------------------- g) 8. ------------------- g) 9. ------------------ d) 10. ------------------ a) 11. ------------------ b) 12. ----------------- d) 13. ----------------- d) 14. ----------------- g) 15. ----------------- d)

davaleba # 13

1. -------------------- b) 2. ------------------ d) 3. ------------------- g) 4. ------------------- g) 5. ------------------ d) 6. ------------------ d) 7. ------------------ d) 8. ------------------- g) 9. ------------------- b) 10. ----------------- d) 11. ------------------ b) 12. ----------------- d) 13. ------------------ a) 14. ------------------ b) 15. ----------------- d)

davaleba # 14

1. ------------------- a) 2. ------------------- g) 3. ------------------- b) 4. ------------------- a) 5. ------------------- b) 6. ------------------ d) 7. ------------------- a) 8. ------------------- g) 9. ------------------- a) 10. ----------------- b) 11. ----------------- d) 12. ----------------- g) 13. ------------------ g) 14. ------------------ a) 15. ----------------- b)

davaleba # 15

1. ------------------ d) 2. ------------------ d) 3. ------------------ d) 4. ------------------ g) 5. ------------------- a) 6. ------------------ d) 7. ------------------- b) 8. ------------------ d) 9. ------------------ g) 10. ----------------- g) 11. ----------------- g) 12. ----------------- d) 13. ----------------- d) 14. ----------------- g) 15. ----------------- d)

davaleba # 16

1. ------------------- b) 2. ------------------- g) 3. ------------------- b) 4. ------------------- d) 5. ------------------- b) 6. ------------------- a) 7. ------------------- a) 8. ------------------- b) 9. ------------------- b) 10. ----------------- g) 11. ------------------ a) 12. ----------------- g) 13. ----------------- d) 14. ----------------- d) 15. ------------------ b)

mxatvruli teqstis analizis Sefasebis kriteriumebi

weriTi davalebis maqsimaluri qulaa 25. upirveles yovlisa, gamsworebelma unda gansazRvros, upasuxebs Tu ara naweri mocemul davalebas.

Tu abiturientis naSromi davalebas ar upasuxebs, mocemuli teqstis perifrazia, miTiTebebi mxolod erT-ori winadadebiT aris Sesrulebuli an teqsti mTlianobaSi araadekvaturadaa gagebuli, anda enobrivad imdenad gaumarTavia, rom azris gageba Wirs, daiwereba 0 qula da naweri aRar gaswordeba.

Tu namuSevari davalebas upasuxebs, igi unda gaswordes qvemoT mocemuli Sefase-bis kriteriumebis mixedviT.

78

I kriteriumi

# davalebis adekvaturad gageba da gaazreba

qulebi

1.

davalebis piroba adekvaturadaa gagebuli, teqsti Rrmadaa gaazrebu-li, naSromSi igrZnoba avtoris umTavresi saTqmelisa da emociurimizandasaxulobis wvdoma.

4

2. davalebis piroba da teqsti adekvaturadaa gagebuli.

3

3.

davalebis piroba da teqsti mTlianobaSi adekvaturadaa gagebuli dagaazrebuli, Tumca erT SemTxvevaSi SeiniSneba davalebis pirobis anteqstis araadekvaturi gageba.

2

4.

erTze met SemTxvevaSi davalebis piroba an/da teqsti araadekvatura-daa gagebuli.

1

5.

teqsti mTlianobaSi araadekvaturadaa gagebuli.

0 naweriaRar

swordeba

II kriteriumi

# naSromis ageba

qulebi

1.

naSromi upasuxebs samive miTiTebas da kargadaa organizebuli, monak-veTebi Tanamimdevrulad da logikurad enacvleba erTmaneTs, abzacebisworadaa gamoyofili (davalebis miTiTeba Sesrulebulad ar CaiTvle-ba, Tu masze mxolod erTi-ori winadadebiT iqneba pasuxi gacemuli).

3

2.

naSromi upasuxebs sam miTiTebas, Tumca nawilobriv darRveulia teq-stis logika an/da zogan abzacebi arasworadaa gamoyofili; an naS-romi upasuxebs or miTiTebas da kargadaa organizebuli, monakveTebi Tanamimdevrulad da logikurad enacvleba erTmaneTs, abzacebi swo-radaa gamoyofili.

2

3.

naSromi upasuxebs or miTiTebas, Tumca nawilobriv darRveulia teqs-tis logika an/da zogan abzacebi arasworadaa gamoyofili; an naSro-mi upasuxebs erT miTiTebas da kargadaa organizebuli, monakveTebi Tanamimdevrulad da logikurad enacvleba erTmaneTs, abzacebi swo-radaa gamoyofili.

1

4.

naSromi upasuxebs erT miTiTebas, Tumca nawilobriv darRveulia teq-stis logika an/da zogan abzacebi arasworadaa gamoyofili.

0

79

III kriteriumi

# mosazrebebis argumentireba da adekvaturi citireba

qulebi

1.

msjeloba samive miTiTebis mixedviT dasabuTebulia (argumentirebu-lia) da argumentebi gamyarebulia teqsturi masaliT.

6

2.

msjeloba ori miTiTebis mixedviT dasabuTebulia da argumentebi gam-yarebulia teqsturi masaliT, xolo mesame miTiTebaze msjelobisas argumentebi aradamajerebelia da/an ar aris gamyarebuli teqsturi masaliT.

5

3.

msjeloba ori miTiTebis mixedviT dasabuTebulia da argumentebi gamyarebulia teqsturi masaliT, xolo mesame miTiTeba saerTod ar aris Sesrulebuli (perifrazia an msjeloba oriode winadadebiTaa gadmocemuli).

4

4.

msjeloba erTi miTiTebis mixedviT dasabuTebulia da argumentebi gam-yarebulia teqsturi masaliT, xolo or miTiTebaze msjelobisas argu-mentebi aradamajerebelia da/an ar aris gamyarebuli teqsturi masa-liT.

3

5.

msjeloba erTi miTiTebis mixedviT dasabuTebulia da argumentebi gam-yarebulia teqsturi masaliT, meore miTiTebis mixedviT msjelobisasargumentebi aradamajerebelia da/an ar aris gamyarebuli teqsturimasaliT, xolo mesame miTiTeba saerTod ar aris Sesrulebuli (peri-frazia an msjeloba oriode winadadebiTaa gadmocemuli).

2

6.

samive miTiTebis mixedviT msjelobisas argumentebi aradamajerebeliada/an ar aris gamyarebuli teqsturi masaliT.

1

7.

ori miTiTebis mixedviT msjelobisas argumentebi aradamajerebeliada/an ar aris gamyarebuli teqsturi masaliT, xolo mesame miTiTebasaerTod ar aris Sesrulebuli; an msjeloba erTi miTiTebis mixed-viT dasabuTebulia da argumentebi gamyarebulia teqsturi masaliT, xolo danarCeni miTiTebebi saerTod ar aris Sesrulebuli; anda er-Ti miTiTebis mixedviT msjelobisas argumentebi aradamajerebeliada/an ar aris gamyarebuli teqsturi masaliT, xolo danarCeni miTi-Tebebi saerTod ar aris Sesrulebuli.

0

80

IV kriteriumi

# teqstis mxatvruli Taviseburebebis Sefaseba

qulebi

1.

naSromSi gamoyofilia teqstis araerTi mxatvruli Tavisebureba (mo-cemulia msjeloba avtoris stilisa da/an mxatvruli saSualebebisSesaxeb) da msjeloba dasabuTebulia konkretuli magaliTebiT.

2

2.

naSromSi gamoyofilia teqstis araerTi mxatvruli Tavisebureba (mo-cemulia msjeloba avtoris stilisa da/an mxatvruli saSualebebisSesaxeb) da msjeloba dasabuTebulia konkretuli magaliTebiT, Tum-ca moxmobilia erTi araadekvaturi magaliTi; anda gamoyofilia teqs-tis erTi mxatvruli Tavisebureba da msjeloba dasabuTebulia konk-retuli magaliTiT.

1

3.

naSromSi gamoyofilia teqstis mxatvruli Taviseburebebi (mocemuliamsjeloba avtoris stilisa da/an mxatvruli saSualebebis Sesaxeb), magram ar aris dasabuTebuli konkretuli magaliTebiT an moxmobi-lia erTze meti araadekvaturi magaliTi; anda naSromSi ar aris gamo-yofili teqstis mxatvruli Taviseburebebi (ar aris mocemuli msje-loba avtoris stilisa da/an mxatvruli saSualebebis Sesaxeb).

0

V kriteriumi

# damoukidebeli azrovneba da zogadi ganaTleba

qulebi

1.

naSromSi mkafiod gamovlinda abiturientis damoukidebeli azrovne-bis unari, SexedulebaTa da SefasebaTa araSablonuroba da zogadiganaTleba.

3

2.

naSromSi nawilobriv gamovlinda abiturientis damoukidebeli azrov-nebis unari, Tumca mkafiod gamovlinda abiturientis zogadi ganaT-leba; anda naSromSi mkafiod gamovlinda abiturientis damoukidebe-li azrovnebis unari, SexedulebaTa da SefasebaTa araSablonuroba, Tumca nawilobriv gamovlinda abiturientis zogadi ganaTleba.

2

3.

naSromSi nawilobriv gamovlinda abiturientis zogadi ganaTlebacda damoukidebeli azrovnebis unaric; an ar gamovlinda abiturientisdamoukidebeli azrovnebis unari, Tumca nawilobriv gamovlinda abi-turientis zogadi ganaTleba; anda naSromSi nawilobriv gamovlindaabiturientis damoukidebeli azrovnebis unari, magram ar gamovlindaabiturientis zogadi ganaTleba.

1

4.

naSromSi ar gamovlinda abiturientis damoukidebeli azrovnebis una-ri, agreTve ar gamovlinda abiturientis zogadi ganaTleba.

0

VI kriteriumi

# faqtobrivi Secdomebi

qulebi

1. naSromSi ar aris daSvebuli faqtobrivi Secdoma.

1

2. naSromSi daSvebulia faqtobrivi Secdoma.

0

81

VII kriteriumi

# leqsika da stili

qulebi

1.

naSromSi azri enobrivad (leqsikurad) zustad da mkafiodaa gamoxa-tuli, SerCeulia dasmuli amocanis Sesaferisi stili, agreTve dacu-lia naSromis stilisturi erTgvarovneba, gvxvdeba oriode stilis-turi xarvezi.

2

2.

naSromSi azri gasagebia, magram leqsika mwiria, gvxvdeba ramdenimestilisturi xarvezi.

1

3. Txzuleba stilisturad gaumarTavia.

0

VIII kriteriumi

# sintaqsuri konstruqciebi

qulebi

1. naSromSi daSvebulia erTi sintaqsuri Secdoma.

2

2. naSromSi daSvebulia ori sintaqsuri Secdoma.

1

3. naSromSi daSvebulia orze meti sintaqsuri Secdoma.

0

IX kriteriumi

# morfologia, orTografia da punqtuacia

qulebi

1. ar aris oTxze meti am tipis Secdoma.

2

2. ar aris cxraze meti am tipis Secdoma.

1

3. daSvebulia cxraze meti am tipis Secdoma.

0

82

wakiTxulis gaazrebisa da weriTi davalebis Sesrulebisas umjobesia, abiturienti rigis mixedviT mihyvebodes davalebebs. wakiTxulis gaazrebis rigianad Sesruleba ga-uadvilebs mas Semdegis _ weriTi davalebis _ Sesrulebas, radgan bevri ram, rac teq-stis analizisas dasWirdeba, mas ukve gaazrebuli eqneba SekiTxvebze pasuxebis gace-mis Sedegad.

wakiTxulis gaazrebis Sesrulebisas sasurvelia, abiturientma erTxel mainc mTli-anad waikiTxos teqsti, raTa gaiazros misi mTavari saTqmeli da avtoris mizandasaxu-loba. amis Semdeg ki gaecnos SekiTxvebsa da asarCev pasuxebs, daubrundes teqsts da Tavidan, dakvirvebiT gaiazros is konkretuli monakveTi, romelsac esa Tu is SekiTx-va exeba. xSirad asarCevi oTxi pasuxidan oTxive pirdapir teqstidan aris amoRebuli, magram mxolod erTi maTgani aris im konkretuli SekiTxvis pasuxi, romelsac igi mos-devs da, amdenad, swori pasuxis migneba teqstis Rrmad gagebasa da dakvirvebul ana-lizs moiTxovs. rogorc gamocdilebam gviCvena, abiturientebi xSirad Cqaroben da ar ubrundebian teqstis ama Tu im monakveTs, xelaxla da dakvirvebiT aRar kiTxuloben maT, es ki imas iwvevs, rom ramdenime qulas mxolod uyuradRebobisa da siCqaris gamo kargaven.

weriTi davalebis Sesrulebisas abiturientma yuradReba unda gaamaxvilos im kon-kretul miTiTebebze, romlebic yovel teqsts mosdevs. sasurvelia, ar gascdes am mi-TiTebebs da tyuilubralod ar dakargos dro, vTqvaT, epoqis mimoxilvasa an mwerlis biografiul detalebze. xSir SemTxvevaSi abiturientebi argumentirebis nacvlad teq-stis mTeli monakveTis Sinaarss gadmoscemen xolme. weriTi davalebis piroba ki mxat-vruli teqstis analizs moiTxovs. mxolod perifrazi, Tundac sruliad uSecdomo, dadebiT Sefasebas ver daimsaxurebs.

gTavazobT erTian erovnul gamocdebze abiturientebis mier Sesrulebuli naSro-mebis _ argumentirebuli esesa da mxatvruli teqstis analizis _ ramdenime saitereso nimuSs (stili yvelgan daculia):

83

1. argumentirebuli ese:

ix. davaleba #1

ar veTanxmebi mosazrebas, rom garemos dacvis mizani mxolod adamianis sicocxle-sa da janmrTelobaze zrunva Tu iqneba, maSin garemo SeiZleba daucveli aRmoCndes, radgan XXI saukuneSi adamiani pragmatuli gaxda, cdilobs yvelasa da yvelafrisagan miiRos sargebeli. amas xom misgan epoqa iTxovs, Tumca, saukuneTa Tu TaobaTa cvlis miuxedavad, ucvleli rCeba umTavresi sazrunavi _ janmrTeloba, romelic mokvdavTaT-vis fasdaudebelia.

drois svlasTan erTad izrdeba adamianTa SesaZleblobebi, Cndeba axali qarxnebi da ekologiuri pirobebi nel-nela uaresdeba, xalxi ki mis gamosworebas mxolod ma-Sin cdilobs, roca dabinZurebuli garemo safrTxes uqmnis mis janmrTelobas. es ki imis dasturia, rom adamiani garemoze mxolod maSin zrunavs, roca misi qmedeba jan-mrTelobisaTvis aris sasargeblo. amis magaliTia kobo abes nawarmoebis `qali qviSaSi~ gmirebis dauRalavi Sroma qviSis winaaRmdeg, romelic maT STanTqmas, cocxlad damar-xvas uqadis. rom ara es safrTxe, isini arc ki Seecdebodnen garemo pirobebis Secvlas.

jorj orueli ambobs, rom adamiani erTaderTi arsebaa, romelic yvelafers anad-gurebs (`cxovelebis ferma~), Jan bodriari ki xalxs Tanagancdis unaris dakargvaSi, egoistobasa da gaucxoebaSi adanaSaulebs (`qalaqi da siZulvili~), aqedan ki SegviZ-lia davaskvnaT, rom adamis STamomavlebi mxolod TavianT Tavze dardoben da `ca-ma-zuT, xmeleT-nagvad~ qceul garemos mxolod safrTxis moaxloebisas cvlian, radgan es maTi sicocxlis gasaxangrZliveblad aris saWiro.

SesaZlebelia sazogadoebis nawilma Tqvas, adamiani bunebis Svilia da SeuZlebe-lia masze, rogorc gamosayenebel nivTze, ise izrunos, magram, me vfiqrob, rom adamia-nebi, samwuxarod, veRar grZnoben xmeli wiflisa Tu Svlis nukris tkivils, amitom, Cemi azriT, Cveni janmrTeloba bunebaze zrunvis saukeTeso motivia.

ix. davaleba #2

SeiZleba, cota sasacilo da araseriozulia, magram, rogorc Cemi maswavlebeli ityoda, globalizacia aris „mak donaldsi“ da „koka-kola“. aseTi martivi magaliTiT gvixsnida, rom globalizacia „msoflios saerTo ekonomikuri bazris“ arsebobis Se-degia. globalizaciis dros adamianebi TiTqos erTiandebian da uCndebaT saerTo in-teresebi. interneti da mediasaSualebebi amis kargi magaliTia.

dRes mTeli samyaro „feisbukis“ garSemoa gaerTianebuli. rac ufro advilia komu-nikaciis SesaZlebloba, rac ufro meti saerToa adamianebs Soris, maTi marTva bevrad ioldeba. qveynebi arasdros yofilan erTmaneTze ise damokidebulni, rogorc dRes. gavixsenoT, ramdenime wlis win ruseTi mTel evropas gazis miwodebis SewyvetiT rom emuqreboda. imdenad aris ruseTis gazze evropis bedi damokidebuli, rom am muqaram Zalian SeaSina isini. Sesabamisad, qveynebs Soris es urTierTdamokidebuleba, garkve-ulwilad, qmnis erTianobis efeqts. globalizacia gvevlineba, rogorc sazRvrebis „mrRveveli“. is spobs gansxvavebas, vTqvaT, aSS-sa da dasavleT evropis romelime qve-yanas Soris. erTi markis manqanebi, erTi dasaxelebis kafeebi, erTnairi teqnika, saer-To interesebi, maS raRa rCeba gansxvavebuli? jer kidev „inerciiT“ damaxsovrebuli istoria da morali, romelic male SeiZleba danarCeniviT saerTo gaxdes.

vSiSob, sazRvrebis „rRveva“ aseTi tempiT Tu gagrZelda, SeiZleba, marTlac Seeqm-nas safrTxe saxelmwifoebis damoukideblobas da isini moeqcnen erTiani Zalis qveS, magram ara mgonia, es uaxloes momavalSi aRsruldes. jer kidev sakmarisad myarad aris erovnuli TviTSegneba mosaxleobis umravlesobaSi da mgonia, rom martivad ar aireva xalxi erTmaneTSi. pirveli da umTavresi mizezi amisa albaT religia da tra-diciebi iqneba. Tumca, kidev erTxel vimeoreb, rom teqnikuri miRwevebisa da ekonomi-kis xarjze adamianebi erTmaneTs dauaxlovdnen ise, rogorc arasdros. aseTi siaxlo-ve da sazRvrebis „moSla“ safuZvlian eWvs badebs, rom odesme msoflio erT did ko-loniad SeiZleba gadaiqces da safrTxe Seeqmnas saxelmwifoTa damoukideblobas.

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ix. davaleba #3

adamiani cxovrebis did nawils skolaSi atarebs da misi pirovnebad Camoyalibebac ZiriTadad am periodSi xdeba. axalgazrdebi skolaSi ganaTlebis miRebis garda, cxov-rebasac swavloben, eCvevian sazogadoebaSi yofnasa da sakuTari adgilis damkvidre-bas. miuxedavad amisa, ara mgonia, marTebuli iyos is mosazreba, rom saskolo ganaT-lebis upirvelesi mizani axalgazrdebis liderebad aRzrdaa. pirvel rigSi, gasaTva-liswinebelia is faqtic, rom yvela adamiani individualuria da maTi erT yalibSi moqceva SeuZlebelia. liderebi ar xdebian, liderebad ibadebian („magram mxolod wvrTna ras uzams, Tu bunebamc ar uSvela“).

vfiqrob, skolis roli axalgazrdebis cxovrebaSi Zalian didia, magram ara imitom, rom is maT liderebis Tvisebebs uyalibebs, aramed imitom, rom SedarebiT pasiurebs as-wavlis liderebTan erTad cxovrebas da piriqiTac. skola cxovrebis mosamzadebeli etapia. swored skolaSi veCveviT erTmaneTis gansxvavebulobas da vswavlobT tole-rantobas.

ra Tqma unda, Zalian sasargebloa adamianisTvis lideris Tvisebebi, magram _ ara au-cilebeli. marTalia, napoleon bonaparti ambobda, rom „yvela jariskacs CanTaSi marS-lis kverTxi aqvs“, magram es sulac ar niSnavs, rom yvela „jariskaci“ winamZRoli unda gaxdes. adamiani unda iyos mizanswrafuli da unda Seecados, rom Tavisi SesaZleblobe-bis maqsimumi gaakeTos, magram araa saWiro, irealurs SeveWidoT. araferia samarcxvino imaSi, rom wahyve da ara wauZRve, radgan Tagoris Tqmisa ar iyos: „balaxi ar cdilobs uzarmazar xed amovides. amitomac dedamiwa momxiblavi mwvaniT imoseba“. Cemi azriT, skolaSi yofnis periodSi swored imis gaazrebaa mniSvnelovni, rom arsebiTi humanuro-ba da tolerantobaa.

sazogadoeba ar Sedgeba mxolod liderebis an mxolod autsaiderebisgan. sazogadoe-ba maTi erToblioba da mSvidobiani Tanacxovrebaa, radgan maTi arseboba uerTmaneTod

warmoudgenelia. xSirad gamigia es sityvebi: „skola gvaswavlis imas, rom yvelaze mniSv-nelovani ram skolaSi ar iswavleba.“ albaT es nawilobriv simarTlecaa. saswavlo dawe-sebulebaSi Cveni qceva met-naklebad kontroldeba. mTavaria, rom Semdeg am kontrolis gareSe movaxerxoT cxovreba ise, rom sazogadoebaSi Rirseuli adgili davimkvidroT.

ix. davaleba #3

sazogadoebis nawils miaCnia, rom saskolo ganaTlebis mTavari mizani axalgazrdeb-Si lideris Tvisebebis Camoyalibeba unda iyos. kargia, rodesac bavSvobidanve eCvevi damoukidebel azrovnebas, irCev cxovrebis gezsa da im socialur sferos, sadac iaspa-rezeb da amiT samSoblos gamoadgebi. Tumca, meore mxriv, saskolo ganaTlebis mTava-ri mizani ar unda iyos, erTmniSvnelovnad, lideris Tvisebebis Camoyalibeba. albert ainStaini Tvlida, rom „skolam pirovneba unda aRzardos da ara specialisti“. miuxe-davad imisa, rom dResdReobiT Cvens qveyanas swored specialistebi da profesionalebi sWirdeba, mainc mivemxrobodi ainStainis azrs, radgan samoqalaqo sazogadoebas pirov-nebebi, individebi qmnian da ara _ liderebi.

konkurencia, mizanswrafva, individualizmi is Rrmad evropuli faseulobebia, ro-melTa wyalobiTac dasavlurma samyarom ganviTareba pova da ukan Camoitova azia. amde-nad, saWiroa damoukidebeli azrovnebis ganviTarebaze zrunva, rac saskolo ganaTle-bis mTavari mizani unda iyos. merab mamardaSvili Tvlida, rom sazogadoeba unda war-moadgendes „individebis koleqcias“. sxva SemTxvevaSi is aris brbo. am dros gamoCndeba xolme qarizmatuli pirovneba, lideri, romelic xalxis instiqtebiT manipulirebas moaxerxebs, rogorc es hitlerma nacional-socialisturi ideebiT SeZlo; leninma mar-qsizmiT gaabrua sazogadoebis naklebad ganaTlebuli fena, magram vin uaryofs, rom am saSinel pirovnebebs lideris Tvisebebi hqondaT.

rTulia winaswar gansazRvro Sedegebi, radgan ganaTlebis reforma yvelaze mTava-ri nabijia saxelmwifos ganviTarebis gzaze da amitom umjobesia swori gamocdilebis gaziarebiT moxdes es. vTvli, rom lideris Tvisebebis gamomJRavneba Sinagani aqtebis safuZvelze xdeba. ase ar fiqroben politikosebi da kanonmdeblebi, romelTa umeteso-bac miiCnevs, rom adamiani aRzrdis obieqtia, me ki vTvli, rom adamiani ganviTarebis subieqts warmoadgens. skolam, garkveuli Zalisxmevis Sedegad, SeiZleba moswavleSi dabados im Tvisebis ekvivalenti, rasac pirvelobisaken swrafva, lideroba hqvia, mag-ram umjobesia, Tu met yuradRebas gaamaxvilebs damoukidebeli azrovnebis Camoyali-

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bebaze. qarTvelebs isedac gvaqvs Tandayolili swrafva Zalauflebisaken.

ix. davaleba #4

msoflios pirveli umaRlesi saswavlebeli 1088 wels italiis qalaq boloniaSi da-arsda. Semdgom saukuneebSi universitetebi popularuli gaxda, radgan iq araerTi mecni-eri moRvaweobda. maTi mniSvneloba gansakuTrebiT humanizmis epoqaSi gaizarda. dRes sa-qarTveloSi, iseve rogorc mTel msoflioSi, araerTi umaRlesi saswavlebelia, samuSao adgili ki cotaa. arsebobs mosazreba, rom universitetebis raodenoba mkveTrad unda Semcirdes, radgan axalgazrdebis dasaqmeba sul ufro problemuri xdeba.

vfiqrob, yvelas aqvs ufleba, iyos ganaTlebuli. es gaeros adamianis uflebaTa kon-venciis erT-erTi ZiriTadi punqtia. Cven Tavad ganvsazRvravT, gvsurs Tu ara universi-tetSi Cabareba da, Cemi azriT, saxelmwifos ara aqvs ufleba, SegvzRudos. Tumca, un-da iTqvas, rom samarTali da sinamdvile xSirad erTmaneTs ewinaaRmdegeba. mravali qvey-nis ekonomika ar aris imdenad „Zlieri“, rom TiToeuli kvalificiuri kadri samuSaoTi uzrunvelyos. amitom bunebrivicaa, rom xalxis nawilsa da mTavrobasac ki umaRlesi saswavleblebis raodenobis Semcireba surT. erT-erTma kvlevam daadgina, rom espaneTSi magistris xarisxis mqone pirTa 30% umuSevaria. es problema gansakuTrebiT bolo wle-bis ekonomikuri krizisis gamo aris aqtualuri. vfiqrob, rac unda iyos, xalxi ar Se-iZleba gaxdes msoflio politikuri da ekonomikuri TamaSebis msxverpli. umaRlesi saswavleblebi ar unda daixuros, radgan maTi mravalferovneba saSualebas aZlevs adamians, sasurveli saqme Seiswavlos. Cemi azriT, samuSao adgilebis simcire mxolod mTavrobis mosagvarebeli problemaa. xalxi swored amitom irCevs mas. es sakiTxi ar unda wydebodes adamianTa ganaTlebis xarjze. naTqvamia, rom Zlieri saxelmwifos sa-fuZveli universitetia. Cemi azriT, ganaTlebuli adamianebi keTilsindisieri da kanon-morCili moqalaqeebi arian. qveyanas swored isini aZliereben.

am yvelafridan gamomdinare, ar veTanxmebi mocemul mosazrebas, rom umaRlesi sas-wavleblebis raodenoba mkveTrad unda Semcirdes. am problemis gadasaWrelad mizanSe-wonilad miviCnev, mTavrobam efeqturi ekonomikuri gegma SeimuSavos. mas SeuZlia moqa-laqeebisagan moisminos, rogor moagvaros dasaqmebis problema da airCios saukeTeso va-rianti an aiRos sesxi, magaliTad, msoflio bankisagan da samuSao adgilebi Seqmnas.

ix. davaleba #7

televizias sakmaod didi adgili uWiravs Cvens cxovrebaSi. igi sazogadoebis in-formirebis udidesi saSualebaa. didi mniSvneloba aqvs informaciis siswores, Tu ramdenad obieqturadaa igi gadmocemuli. me veTanxmebi mosazrebas, rom axalgazr-debis msoflmxedvelobis CamoyalibebaSi did rols asrulebs televizia. igi udide-si iaraRia xalxis samarTavad. sakmarisia mcire satelevizio propaganda, rom sazo-gadoebis, umetesad ki axalgazrdobis, azrovneba davimorCiloT. msoflioSi televi-ziis da satelefono arxebis gaCenas SedarebiT gvian, 90-ianebSi, mohyva `komerciuli Wrebis~ _ reklamebis gaCena. reklamebma male daipyro msoflio da sazogadoebis SedarebiT susti azrovnebis mqone nawilis _ axalgazrdebis gemovneba Camoayaliba. Seayvara is produqcia, romelsac ufro mimzidveli reklama hqonda.

„Cven vwyvetT dRes, Tu ra mogindebaT xval!“ _ es frederik begbederis, msxvili franguli sareklamo kompaniis yofili kreatiuli menejerisa da cnobili mwerlis sityvebia. igi Tavis nawarmoebSi „99 franki“ naTlad asaxavs im Zalas, romelic sa-zogadoebas marTavs: sareklamo rgolebSi naCveneb Sokoladisfer, seqsualur qa-lebs, romlebic unaklod gamoiyurebian; mudam mwvane mindvrebs da mudam lamaz cas. axalgazrdebis umetesoba im samyaroSia gamoketili, romelsac begbederi aRwers da sinamdvileSi ar arsebobs. magaliTad, axalgazrda biWi, romelmac televizorSi avto-mobilis reklama naxa da moewona, mTeli weli muSaobs, agrovebs fuls, iklebs sia-movnebas, unda iseTive magari „tipi“ iyos, rogoric reklamaSi im axali avtomobi-lis mflobelia. roca biWi fuls Seagrovebs, aRmoaCens, rom avtomobilis firmam ukve gaumjobesebuli modeli gamouSva, romelic bevrad jobia Zvels. biWi axali modelis-Tvis iwyebs damatebiT fulis Segrovebas da elodeba im nanatr dros, roca reklamaSi nanax samyaroSi Seva, sadac yvelaferi „vardisferia“ da sinamdvileSi ar arsebobs.

safrangeTidan davbrundeT saqarTveloSi. aviRoT 2008 wlis omis magaliTi, rode-sac ori frontis xazi iyo: erTi realuri da meore _ satelevizio. satelevizio pro-

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pagandam mogvca Sedegi. dRes qarTvelebs sZulT ruseTi da rusebs _ piriqiT. qarTve-lebi rusebs adanaSauleben omSi da rusebi _ qarTvelebs, Tumca aravin icis, ra moxda sinamdvileSi. maT ician mxolod is, rac televizorSi moismines.

Cemi azriT, televiziam Tavisi Zalebis maqsimumi 90-ianebidan dRemde ukve gamoiyena da axla nel-nela meore planze gadadis. mizezi televiziis gavlenis Sesustebisa ara sazogadoebis gamofxizleba, aramed ufro Zlieri da yovlismomcveli Zalis _ inter-netis gamoCenaa.

zogadad, propagandisgan Tavis daRweva SeuZleblad mimaCnia, magram konkretulad televiziasTan brZola SesaZlebelia mkacri kontrolis dawesebiT, reklamebis maqsi-malurad Semcirebis da SemecnebiTi gadacemebis momravlebis xarjze.

ix. davaleba #7

jadosnur yuTSi molaparakeebs teleekrans miRma aRaravin eZebs. metic, yuTis ja-dosnobas yavli gauvida, „axali xili“ aRar aris, mayurebels ki misdami interesi ar ganelebia. satelevizio gadacemebs Tvals adevneben mozardebic. aRsaniSnavia, rom ev-ropaSi gacilebiT naklebi mozardi uyurebs televizors, vidre saqarTveloSi. ganvi-Tarebul qveynebSi miaCniaT, rom televizias ar ZaluZs swori Rirebulebebi Cauner-gos axalgazrdas. germaniis eleqtroteqnikis maRaziebSi yvelaze naklebad televizo-ri iyideba. Cans, Tvalsawieris gasafarToeblad sxva rames iyeneben. saqarTvelos TiTqmis yvela ojaxSi aris es mowyobiloba. amiT Tavs iqcevs yvela Taoba.

sazogadoebis nawili fiqrobs, rom axalgazrdebis msoflxedvis CamoyalibebaSi televizias udidesi roli aqvs. faqtebis safuZvelze askvnian, rom am ukanasknels mniSvnelovani gavlena aqvs axal Taobaze. sociumis mcire nawili uaryofs mediis amgvar funqcias. is miiCnevs, rom mas msoflxedvis Camoyalibeba da pirovnebis formi-reba ar SeuZlia. samwuxarod, uamravi bavSvi Tu mozardi saaTobiT iwamleba uxaris-xo gadacemebiT. maT azrovnebaze mniSvnelovnad moqmedebs televiziiT gavrcelebu-li informacia. amgvarad, vfiqrob, rom axalgazrdebis msoflxedvis formirebaSi te-levizias udidesi zegavlena aqvs.

media Seiqmna masebisTvis. yvelas ar xelewifeba sakuTar sulierebaze zrunva. ro-gorc m. javaxiSvili ambobda, xalxis udidesi nawili wabaZviT azrovnebs da sakuTa-ri azri ar gaaCniao. sazogadoebis es nawili Tavs iqcevs televiziiT, udrtvinvelad iRebs iq gacxadebul ideebs.

sulxan-saba orbeliani individuumis ganviTarebis umTavres pirobad wvrTnas sa-xavs. leonis aRzrdis meTodebi jumberis sulier ganviTarebas emsaxureboda. amasve amtkicebs daviT guramiSvili „swavla moswavleTaSi“:

„nu genaRvlebis swavlazed yrmis wkeplis cemiT kivili, mal gamrTeldebis uwamlod misi wylurebis tkivili“.

misi azriT, mas Semdeg, rac moswavle swavlas srulyofs, ganisvenebs. televi-zia ki mozardis suls ver wvrTnis da amas verasdros moaxerxebs. misi uxarisxo, masebisTvis Seqmnili gadacemebi amaxinjebs mozardis azrTa bades. gasarTobi Souebi mdare iumoris wyaroa. SemecnebiTi gadacemebis aSkara naklebobaa, Tumca panacea arc esaa. bavSvebi, cxovrebisagan gamoubrZmedelebi, ibeWdaven televizorSi mosmenils. eris saubedurod, maTi suli maxinjdeba, msoflxedva maTi jebirSi eqceva.

evropaSi ase ar aris. mozardebi drois umetes nawils skolaSi atareben, kiTxu-loben wignebs an misdeven TavianT gatacebas. maTi cxovreba mravalferovania. sate-levizio gadacemebi maTTvis mosawyenia. amis erT-erTi mizezi, uciloblad, ekonomi-kuri ganviTarebis donea. qveynis ekonomikazea damokidebuli TiTqmis yvela socia-luri problema. qarTvel bavSvs naklebi Tavisufleba aqvs, akeTos sayvareli saqme. is dabeCavebulia yofiTi problemebiT. marTalia, wignis wakiTxva yvelas xelewife-ba, Tumca mciredTa bednierebaa iqidan WeSmariti arsis amokiTxva. es yvelas ar moeT-xoveba. suli yoveli adamianisa individualuria, saWiroebs ganviTarebas. mozards un-da Seeqmnas piroba, raTa aRmoaCinos Tavisi gataceba da misdios mas. televizia, ra Tqma unda, am SesaZleblobas ar iZleva. is gmanavs yvela im WuWrutas, saidanac na-Teli Semodis. televizias mijaWvulTa msoflxedva viwroa, azrovneben wabaZviT, uxor-Tumo spiloebs hgvanan, advilad samarTavni arian. saqarTveloSi ramdenime weliwadSi erTxel tardeba statistikuri gamokvleva. Sedegebi savalaloa. axalgazrdebi yo-veldRe uyureben uxarisxo gadacemebs. sabednierod, aris inteleqtualuri Sou qar-

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Tul telesivrceSi _ „ra? sad? rodis?“, Tumc mTeli kvira mdare sanaxaobebiT gaje-rebuls is ver uSvelis.

SveicariaSi fsiqologebma akrZales bavSvebisa da mozardebisaTvis or saaTze met xans televizoris yureba. ingliseli reJisoris, devid brunos, dokumenturi filmi am Temas eZRvneba. filmSi naxsenebia, rom gamosxiveba zians ayenebs janmrTe-lobas da zrdis leikemiiT daavadebis risks. filmSi fsiqologebi, aRmzrdelebi, mSoblebi erTxmad amtkiceben, rom televizia aClungebs mozards, radgan swrafad sTavazobs uamrav informacias. maT gaanalizebas mozardi ver aswrebs. droTa ganmav-lobaSi mas uyalibdeba msoflxedva viwro, moSxamuli. televizia spobs individuu-mis Tavisufal ganviTarebas. is axalgazrdas Clung da beCav arsebad ayalibebs.

Cemi xedviT, televizia momavalSic mniSvnelovan zegavlenas moaxdens axalgazr-debze. saukeTeso gamosavali pedagogTa da mSobelTa dauRalavi mcdelobaa, miscen individs azris Tavisufleba. sazogadoebis gaumjobesebisTvis aucilebelia Semcir-des televiziis roli. mjera, saqarTveloSic dadgeba sulieri aRorZinebis xana.

ix. davaleba #8

XXI saukune CvenTvis sruliad civilizebuli da demokratiulia, Tumca arse-bobs Cvens cxovrebiseul sistemaSi xarvezebi. sazogadoebis nawili miiCnevs, rom sity-vis Tavisufleba ufro mniSvnelovania, vidre adamianis piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeb-loba.

sityvis Tavisufleba, ra Tqma unda, mniSvnelovania, magram mainc unda iyos Sez-Ruduli. JRers arademokratiulad, magram arseboben adamianTa jgufebi, magaliTad, neonacistebi, romlebic am Tavisuflebas arasworad iyeneben, konkretulad, rasist-nacisturi ideebis propagandisa da gavrcelebis mizniT. am SemTxvevaSi sityvis Tavis-ufleba mavnebelia sazogadoebisaTvis.

piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobac Zalian mniSvnelovania, swored amisTvis ibrZ-vis edvard snoudeni, aSS-is mTavrobis yofili agenti-dezertiri. misi azriT, mTav-roba ar unda akontrolebdes adamianTa pirad cxovrebas, Tumca amasac dadebiTi mxa-re aqvs _ uamravi teroristi daiWires swored satelefono xazebis, elfostisa da sabanko angariSebis kontroliT. amis winaaRmdeg ibrZvis is, visac rame aralegaluri aqvs dasamali. snoudenis `sityvis Tavisuflebam~ biZgi misca civ oms, ruseTisa da aSS-is politikur-demokratiuli urTierTobebi kidev ufro gaauaresa, rac amyarebs Cems pirvel arguments.

vfiqrob, rom sityvis Tavisuflebisa da piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis aqtu-alobas ver SevadarebT erTmaneTs, radgan isini sxvadasxva sferos miekuTvnebian da orives aqvs Tavisi dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi.

ix. davaleba #8

demokratiis koncefciis ZiriTadi fundamenti adamianTa Tanasworoba da Tavisuf-lebaa, magram maTi Sefaseba subieqturia da Sesabamisad, sadavoc. pirvel rigSi, saWi-roa am ori cnebis definicia da Semdeg kanonis saxiT Camoyalibeba. zogi fiqrobs, rom sityvis Tavisufleba niSnavs uflebas, yvelasa da yvelaferze SegeZlos azris gamoTqma, magram arsebobs adamianis piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis ufleba da mi-maCnia, rom es ukanaskneli gacilebiT mniSvnelovania. azris gamoxatvis absoluturi Tavisufleba ki niadags qmnis da adamians aZlevs imis SesaZleblobas, rom Caerios, Seafasos da sajarod ganixilos romelime kerZo piris cxovrebis is mxare, romlis gamWvirvaloba da TvalsaCinoeba misTvis araa xelsayreli da metic, SeiZleba daman-grevlad sazianoc ki iyos. amis magaliTi mravladaa da Cvens sazogadoebasac moexse-neba. Cemi azriT, arsebobs erTi oqros wesi: `adamianis uflebebi mTavrdeba iq, sa-dac iwyeba sxvisi~. vfiqrob, rom mxolod am princips SeuZlia moawesrigos da daa-balansos es ori umniSvnelovanesi ufleba.

piradad Cems magaliTze Tu vimsjelebT, me vaZlev uflebas iqnion xelebi haer-Si, sanam isini Cems cxvirs Seexebian.

garda amisa, dRevandeli modernizebuli da sakmaod gamocdili sazogadoeba Tan-xmdeba, rom sityvisa da azris absoluturma Tavisuflebam SeiZleba biZgi misces ra-dikaluri da agresiuli ideebis propagandas. Tu saxelmwifom arajansaRi azris gav-

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rcelebis saSualeba misca, savsebiT dasaSvebi gaxdeba, rom romelime eri nacisturi germaniis mdgomareobaSi Cavardes,Kkacobriobis winaSe Cadenili danaSauli ki gameor-des. dRevandeli kanoni ebrZvis qsenofobiur azrebs da es mizanSewoniladac mimaCnia. vfiqrob, rom aucilebelia mkafiod da zustad ganisazRvros sityvis Tavisuflebis ufleba.

mimaCnia, rom, garda iuridiulad dazustebuli kanonisa, aseve sagulisxmoa is kultura da moralur-eTikuri normebi, romelic Cvens qveyanas gaaCnia. Cemi azriT, adamianis piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis darRveva gamoiwvevs sazogadoebis didi nawilis ukmayofilebasa da protests. yoveli eris istoriaSi zneobrivi norma warmo-adgens yovelgvari kanonis safuZvels. amitom mimaCnia, rom es ori kanoni warmate-biT dabalansdeba, magram im SemTxvevaSi, Tu piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba da-irRveva da xalxi ufro faseulad sityvis Tavisuflebas CaTvlis, Zneli ar iqneba momavlis gansazRvra, vinaidan adamianebs gauCndebaT sxva pirebis kompromentirebisa da SantaJis saSualeba da es damangrevlad imoqmedebs Cvens sazogadoebaze, gamartiv-deba fulis gamoZalva da adamianebze manipulirebis sadaveebic momravlde-ba,Bborotebisa da usamarTlobis marwuxebSi moeqceva uamravi adamiani da amis sapir-woned ixeirebs romelime kerZo jgufi an pirovneba.

magram meore mxriv, azris gamoxatvis kultura Zalian mniSvnelovania. ubralod, saWiroa garkveuli normebisa da sxva wesebis gaTvaliswineba. Cven unda vecadoT, rom davareguliroT da sxva normebs SevuwyoT. sityvis gamoxatvis Tavisufleba erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi da erTgvari panaceaa demokratiuli sazogadoebis arsebobisaTvis. 2. mxatvruli teqstis analizi:

`fiqrni mtkvris piras~ (ix. davaleba #5)

àmaoeba amaoTa da yovelive amao~ _ wuTisoflis aseTi tragikuli aRqmis fonze nikoloz baraTaSvili Segvaxsenebs, rom amqveynad umiznod aravin Cndeba, wuTisofeli yovel adamians daniSnulebad masze, `mSobelze~, zrunvas akisrebs.

romantikos poets guls uRrRnis Sinagani `sakvirveli xmis~ mier dasmuli SekiTx-va _ ra mizani aqvs Cvens arsebobas? am SekiTxvaze pasuxs is bunebis wiaRSi, mtkvris napirTan, eZebs. wyalTan urTierToba poets `tbis skolis~ poetebs, upirveles yovlisa ki, bairons amsgavsebs. garemo TanaugrZnobs poets, iziarebs mis ganwyobas (àqac yove-li aremare iyo mowyeniT~), magram mwuxarebas ver uqarwylebs, radgan poeti, rogorc yvela adamiani, agnosticizmiT Sepyrobilia da misTvis mtkvari mxolod `hbutbutebs~.

àrsebobs iseTi mdgomareoba, roca xelovani yvelafers uziarebs bunebas, magram buneba ar gaendoba xolme mas~. ase xdeba n. baraTaSvilis SemTxvevaSic. es poets ada-mianur Tvisebebze Caafiqrebs. is xvdeba, rom adamianis cxovreba `fuWi da mxolod ama-oebaa~; miuxedavad amisa, misi survilebi SeuzRudavia.

`vin aris igi, vis Tvis guli erTxel aRevsos, da rac mieRos erTxel natvriT isi ekmaros?~ adamianis gaumaZRobis idea saucxood aqvs warmoCenili balzaks Tavis `Sagrenis

tyavSi~. aq Cans, rom adamians sikvdilis safrTxec ki ver aiZulebs, survilebs sazRva-

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ri daudos. aseT gaumaZRrobas poeti mefeTa magaliTze warmoaCens _ mefeni xom yve-laze didi Zalauflebis mpyrobelni arian. miuxedavad amisa `SfoTven da drtvinven~ gavlenis gasafarToeblad. survilTa raodenobaze saubrisas iSleba sazRvari sike-Tesa da borotebas Soris. miznebis gansxvavebulobis miuxedavad, ambiciis doza yve-laSi erTnairia. poeti, am mxriv, gamorCeuli adamiania, xvdeba amgvari ambiciis saco-daobas. am monakveTSi misi sityvebi cnobili frazis _ `miwa xar da miwad iqcevi~ _ asociacias iwvevs.

swored adamianTa amgvari aRweris fonze Cndeba poetis mTavari saTqmeli, rac Cve-ni yofiTi ambiciebis daokebisaken mowodeba da zneobrivi valis aRsrulebaa. es va-li sicocxlis gamovlinebaa wuTisofelze zrunvaSi. sanam vcocxlobT, mkvdrisgan `mSobelze~ zrunvis unariT unda ganvsxvavdebodeT, swored es Segvimsubuqebs tanj-vas da mogvgvris Svebas.

poeti leqsis melanqoliuri ganwyobis Sesaqmnelad gvixatavs mtkvris peizaJs da mis fonze lirikul avtoportrets. Tvalwin gvidgeba idayvdayrdnobili, Cafiqrebu-li mgosani, romelic mtkvars SesCivis: `vin icis, mtkvaro, ras butbuteb, visTvis ras ityvi?~ am taepSi, mtkvrisadmi mimarTvaSi, avtori gapirovnebas iyenebs. sxva mxriv, mxat-vruli xerxebiT teqsti Raribia. gamoyenebulia epiTeti: `cda qebuli~, `gansvenebuli~ (mefe)... peizaJi bundovandeba, roca poeti horizonts miRma icqireba, `samyaros iqiT eZiebs sadgurs~. es misi fiqrisa da tanjvis usasrulobaze metyvelebs. aRsaniSnavia, rom usasrulobis gancdis Seqmna germanelma mxatvarma kaspar david fridrixma hori-zontis uaryofiT moaxerxa.

leqsSi riTma zogjer ormarcvliania _ qaluri (cremliT, mowyeniT), gvxvdeba erT-marcvliani _ vaJuri (ityvi, utyvi) da sammarcvliani _ daqtiluri (kamara _ ankara) riTmebic. gamoyenebulia arazusti riTmebi.

piradad me mimaCnia, rom marTlac savalaloa, roca adamianebma winaswar viciT Cve-ni gardauvali sikvdili, Cven ki sicocxles vebRauWebiT. miuxedavad amisa, n. baraTaS-viliseul romantikul pesimizms ar viziareb. mimaCnia, rom azrs moklebulia, mudmi-vad cremls Rvride imis gamo, rac aucileblad moxdeba. Tumca meCveneba, rom roman-tikuli foni, melanqoliuri mizanscena mgosans Cvens gamosafxizleblad sWirdeba. po-etic fiqrobs, rom umjobesia, movaleobaTa, daniSnulebaTa Sesrulebaze vifiqroT, vizrunoT. esaa Cveni cxovrebis arsi. am mxriv, Cemi pirovnuli mrwamsi Semoqmedis mo-ralur kredos emTxveva. mec mimaCnia, rom sicocxlis nabijebma keTili kvali unda aR-beWdos, raTa Semdgom Taobebs `siZnele gzisa gauadvildes~.

Cemi Rrma rwmeniT, adamians wuTisoflis wesebiT cxovreba moeTxoveba, Tumca am-qveyniur cxovrebaze zrunvas me davamatebdi samSobloze, enaze, momaval Taobaze, kul-turul faseulobebze, istoriul da socialur Rirebulebebze zrunvasa da maT gafr-Txilebas. vityodi, rogorc ilia ityoda: `yovel dResa Sens Tavs hkiTxe, aba, me dRes vis ra varge~. Tu am princips SevasrulebT, cxovrebiseul valsac pirnaTlad movixdiT.

`cixis sizmari~ (ix. davaleba #8)

lado asaTiani mistiris warsuls da enatreba samSoblos Zveli dideba, romelic mas hqonda da aRar aqvs. nawarmoebSi kargad Cans, rom avtori ver egueba qveynis umoq-medobas da enatreba warsuli. poeti aidealebs Tamaris xanas _ `sZinavs cixes da Ta-maris saocnebo senaks~. misTvis saocneboa da sanatreli dro, romelic hqonda saqarT-velos da aRar aqvs. am leqsebSi ikveTeba romantikosebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Tvise-bebi, awmyosadmi Seuguebloba da warsulis gaRmerTeba. iseve rogorc grigol orbe-liani leqsSi `Tamar mefis saxe beTaniis eklesiaSi~, lado asaTianic upirispirebs erTmaneTs awmyos `daqceuls~, `gaubedurebuls~ da warsuls `didebuls~, `madlmosil-sa~ da `eniT mdidars~. maTTvis miuRebelia dro, romelSic cxovroben da surT mquxa-re, moZravi da Seupovari qveyana. am adamianebisTvis xsna warsulSi, mis didebaSi iyo.

poeti gaurbis realobas, risTvisac sizmars iyenebs, romelSic `gardasul dReTa~ sidiade isaxeba. kvlav gamofxizlebuli da realobas dabrunebuli ver egueba awmyos da gruxunebs, gruxunebs naadrevi gazafxulis msgavsad. Cemi azriT, mkiTxveli auci-leblad aforiaqdeba da moindomebs modunebuli realobis Secvlas, iseve rogorc av-tori. avtoris Tanadroul realobaSi sabrZolo suliskveTeba aRar arsebobs, rac mi-uRebeli iyo ilia WavWavaZisTvis. iseve rogorc iliasTvis, nebismieri mkiTxvelisa da patrioti adamianisaTvis, vfiqrob, samSobloa umTavresi, romelic `muxlebze daCoqil-

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ma unda dakrifo~, romlisTvisac unda ibrZolo da sicocxlec gawiro, radgan sicoc-xlec man gvaCuqa. mkiTxvelic brZolis JiniT, sicocxlis surviliTa da gamarjvebis imediT unda aivsos, misi emociebic unda gaizardos da realobas ar unda Seeguos, rogorc ver egueba mravali gamarjvebisa Tu damarcxebis mnaxveli cixe. mkiTxvelic brZolis JiniT da Tavisuflebis mopovebis surviliT inTeba, roca cixis gancdebs kiTxulobs: `veRar xedavs, gaavdeba, aSlis xavsis balans~.

avtori mravlad iyenebs mxatvrul efeqtebs, maT Soris gapirovnebas _ `sZinavs ci-xes, janiani TrTis da sizmrad xedavs~. cixes mikuTvnebuli aqvs adamianuri Tvisebebi, rac ufro amZafrebs nawarmoebis azrsa da msvlelobas. TviTon cixe xom simboluria, is simboloa didebuli warsulis, romelic Sedarebulia daRlil vaJkacTan. simbolu-ria leqsSi Tamar mefec _ `saqarTvelos Tvali~, romlis epoqasac qarTvelma xalxma òqros xana~ uwoda da romelic wmindanad Seracxa. poeti gagiJebul mxedars adarebs gaRviZebul cixes, risi saSualebiTac gvaCvenebs cixis gancdebs. simboluria TviTon cixis sizmari, iseve rogorc mRvdlis sizmari `baSi-aCukSi~, arsenas sizmari àrsena marabdelSi~ da sizmari àluda qeTelaurSi~. am leqsSi cixis sizmari imedia imisa, rom awmyo Seicvleba da warsuli dideba dabrundeba. magram, jer dro ar damdgara amisa, radgan naadrevi gazafxulia, arwivebi ki Tvlemen, magram ar ZinavT, dros elian, rom lomebiviT aiSalon fafari da Zveli cixesaviT gamarjvebis JiniT aivson. iliasT-vis miuRebeli iqneboda ZiliT da awmyos SefarviT, warsulis gaidealeba, sizmriT sve-bedis Selamazeba, misTvis `moqmedeba da mxolod moqmedeba~ iyo umTavresi, Tumca lado asaTianic gazafxulis, dilisa da momavlis imeds itovebs. saqarTvelos arwivi xom misi Zlevamosili warsulis simboloa, romelic Tvlems da male gaiRviZebs, ga-cocxldeba da imoqmedebs.

`grigol xanZTelis cxovreba~ (ix. davaleba #9)

gansaxilvelad mocemuli teqstis mixedviT SegviZlia gamovkveToT grigol xanZTe-lis mxatvruli saxe. erTi mxriv, dasaSvebia vifiqroT, rom grigoli uxeSad Caeria me-fis saqmeSi, Tumca, meore mxriv, es qmedeba sulac ar aris gasakicxi. xanZTelma izru-na imaze, rom kurapalats ar gaegrZelebina is samarcxvino saqcieli, romelic mis sul-sac azaralebda. grigoli kargad acnobierebda mefis funqciebsa da mis pasuxismgeb-lobas. logikuria, rom aSotis qcevam protesti gamoiwvia da, sabolood, xanZTelma miiRo gadawyvetileba, romelic sasikeTo iqneboda kurapalatisTvisac da, aseve, qvey-nisTvisac. emociebs ayolili mmarTveli, ra Tqma unda, ver gauZRveba ers saTanadod. grigolma gamoiCina simtkice da ar moerida mefesTan dapirispirebas. SesaZlebelia, rom xanZTelis qcevas agresia da mrisxaneba gamoewvia mefeSi, rac, udavod, cud Sede-gamde migviyvanda. aRsaniSnavia, rom grigolis principulobam da siTamamem sasurveli Sedegi gamoiRo. igi ar moqmedebda sworxazovnad, piriqiT, TviTneburad gadafara ku-rapalatis pirad cxovrebaSi arsebuli problema da yvelaferi gaakeTa imisTvis, rom mefe gons mosuliyo. grigoli sakmaod uxeSad esaubra diacsac da Searcxvina is misi saqcielis mxilebiT. xanZTelma icoda, ra xerxi gamodgeboda da rogor unda waremar-Ta dialogi qalTan. mas, udavod, hqonda darwmunebis unari da miaxvedra diaci imas, rom saWiro iyo sulze zrunva da mefisgan Sors yofna. grigoli jer mkacrad esaubra qals, Tumca, rodesac misi morCileba SeniSna, taqtika Secvala. esec, ra Tqma unda, gaTvlili nabiji iyo da daexmara mas miznis miRwevaSi. saboloo jamSi, mkiTxveli ga-ecno grigols, rogorc gonier, mtkice da moxerxebul adamians, romelic exmareba sxvebs ufalTan miaxloebaSi.

grigolis siTamame, ra Tqma unda, aisaxa mefis cxovrebaze. miuxedavad imisa, rom man piroba dado, rom `siZvis diacs~ gauSvebda sasaxlidan, es ver moaxerxa da xorci-el survilebs ahyva: `xolo man aRuTqva codvisa mis gantevebai da dedakacisa mis war-gzavnai... da ver daamtkica Tvisi brZanebai, rameTu daemona gulisTqumasa~. es faqti kurapalats gvixasiaTebs sust da grZnobebs ayolil adamianad. man ver SeZlo Tavis gakontroleba da arc grigolis survils daemorCila. aSkaraa, rom aSoti dabrmavebu-lia. man deda febronias winaSec ki icrua mxolod imisTvis, rom `sayvareli qali~ ukan daebrunebina. Cemi azriT, mefes ar uyvarda zemoxsenebuli diaci. igi mxolod da mxolod vnebebs iyo ayolili da swored aman daakargvina TviTkontrolis unari. da-safasebelia is, rom aSot kurapalati bolos mainc mixvda sakuTar Secdomebs da ua-resad ar gajiutda qalis dasabruneblad. es faqti metyvelebs imas, rom mefe ar iyo

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mxolod naklovanebebis matarebeli. mas Rirsebebic gaaCnda, Tumca xorcielma survi-lebma goneba auries. aSoti amarTlebda sakuTar codvebs da es deda febroniamac aR-niSna: `mizezebad mizezTa codvisaTa kacTa Tana, romelni iqman uSjuloebasa~. sabo-loo jamSi, xorcielad Zlieri mefe sulierad Zlierma adamianebma daamarcxes da es logikuricaa. aSotma ver gamoiCina simtkice da ver gaumklavda gansacdels, romelic qalis saxiT mouvlina ufalma.

saanalizo teqstSi araerTi mxatvruli xerxia gamoyenebuli. giorgi merCulem sain-teresod mogviTxro momxdari da mxatvruli saSualebebiT gaacocxla is. aRsaniSna-via, rom avtors TxrobaSi CarTuli aqvs pirvel pirSi warmoTqmuli frazebic. es xer-xi gvexmareba imaSi, rom ukeT gavecnoT TiToeuli personaJis saubris maneras, tonsa da sulier mdgomareobas. magaliTad, grigol xanZTeli diacTan saubars sakmaod mkac-rad iwyebs, Tumca momdevno frazebSi Cans, Tu rogor mSviddeba is da sxva kuTxiT ud-geba sakiTxs. erT-erTi xerxia isic, rom teqstis bolos detaluradaa gadmocemuli aSot kurapalatis gancdebi. aSkaraa, rom igi sasowarkveTilia da mkiTxveli amas kar-gad xedavs. sircxvilisgan damunjebuli mefis dumili ufro mravlismetyvelia, vidre _ misi nebismieri warmoTqmuli sityva. avtorma ostaturad gadmogvca kurapalatis grZnobebi da amiT kidev ufro emociuri gaxada epizodi. saboloo jamSi, udavoa, rom epizodi gancdebiTaa datvirTuli. diacis gamoCeniT viTareba iZabeba, Tumca grigoli axerxebs gamosavlis moZebnas da `eSmakis manqanebiT~ damonebul mefes exmareba.

`grigol xanZTelis cxovreba~

(ix. davaleba #10)

nawyvetSi giorgi merCulis Txzulebidan `grigol xanZTelis cxovreba~ aRwerilia konfliqti sasuliero pirTa Soris. personaJTa dapirispireba ganpirobebulia imiT, rom arseni mamamisis gadawyvetilebiTa da `TanadgomiTa da kurTxeviTa mciredTa epis-koposTaiTa~ qarTlis kaTalikosi gaxda. mireans qarTlis episoposebi gaunawyendnen, radgan sakuTari Svili kaTalikosad maTTan SeuTanxmeblad akurTxa. am faqtis gansa-xilvelad saeklesio krebis mowveva gamarTlebulia, radgan roca saqme kaTalikoso-bas exeba, aucilebelia avtoritetul sasuliero pirTa Tanxmoba. mxolod erTi adami-anis an Tundac adamianTa mcire nawilis survili da moqmedeba ar kmara. erTpirovnu-li gadawyvetilebebi, miTumetes aseT seriozul dros, xSirad xdeba konfliqtis mize-zi. zogadad, yvelgan: ojaxSi, politikasa Tu eklesiaSi gadawyvetilebebs erTmaneT-Tan SeTanxmebiT, erTmaneTis mosazrebebis angariSgaweviT iReben. amitomac, maSin, ro-ca vinme Seecdeba mxolod sakuTari interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT moqmedebas, umetes SemTxvevaSi Cndeba dapirispireba. ase moxda axlac da erTad gazrdili adamianebi erT-maneTis sawinaaRmdego mxares aRmoCndnen. mireanis gadawyvetilebam gamoiwvia is, rom efremi arsens ganudga da mis morCilebaze uari ganacxada. `ara var amieriTgan arse-nis cxovari da arca igi _ Cemi mwyemsi~ _ ambobs efremi. misi mxridan es sruliad logikuri sityvebia, radgan Tavi usamarTlobis msxverplad miaCnia. warmoqmnili kon-fliqtis mSvidobianad mogvareba ki mxolod grigol xanZTelma SeZlo.

grigol xanZTeli imdenad avtoritetuli pirovnebaa, rom mis gareSe saeklesio krebaze gadawyvetilebas ver iRebdnen. is Tbilad esaubreba efrems, mRvdelmTavrobas aficebs da sTxovs, win ar aRudges arsenis kaTalikosobas. efremis uarma ganarisxa da ukidures zomas mimarTa, Tqva, an me damemorCile, an Seni moZRvari aRar viqnebio. aq Cans grigolis gamWriaxoba. man icis, vis rogor unda elaparakos da vin rogor un-da daiyolios, rom daemorCilos mis mier miRebul gadawyvetilebas. avtori netar grigols mocemul monakveTSi mtkice da principul adamianad warmogvidgens. grigo-lis mTavari argumenti, ris gamoc arsenis kaTalikosobas mxars uWerda, iyo is, rom es RvTis nebad miaCnda. uTanxmoebas mireanis sulswrafobas abralebs da cdilobs, daZabuli situacia ganmuxtos. mama grigolis sityvebi Tavzars scems guaram mamfals da Sendobas sTxovs. es imis maniSnebelia, rom grigolis azri yvelasTvis angariS-gasawevi da yuradsaRebia. aravis surs misi ganrisxeba da Tu mainc moxda ase, im wuT-save patiebas iTxoven. netari mama uryevi avtoritetiT sargeblobs rogorc saero, ise sasuliero wreebSi.

avtori, Txrobas rom meti emociuroba SesZinos, teqsts dialogis saxiT gvTava-zobs da mravlad iyenebs mxatvrul saSualebebs. magaliTad, krebaze mimavali grigo-lis dasaxasiaTeblad mimarTavs Sedarebebs (`viTarca samoseli naTlisa brwyinvalisa ganucdelisai~, `viTarca gvirgvini sameufoi patiosanTa TvalTa da margalitTagan fas-

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daudebelTa aRmkuli~) da metaforas (`varskvlavi udabnoTai~). guaram mamfalis aRsa-werad ki iyenebs epiTetebs (`mdabali da RvTismoSiSi~). ambis ganviTarebis dinamikuro-ba monakveTs metad sainteresosa da mRelvares xdis.

`mziani Rame~ (ix. davaleba #11)

nodar dumbaZis romanSi `mziani Rame~ Temuris mxatvruli saxe naTladaa aRwerili. es personaJi SegviZlia davaxasiaToT misi qceviTa da metyvelebiT. monakveTis dasawyis-Sive ikveTeba Temuris SiSi: `tanSi Jruantelma damiara, muxlebi momekveTa~. igi uxa-liso da, TiTqos, imedgacruebulia: `kibeze uxalisod avdiodi~, `CemTvis yuradReba aravis mouqcevia~. mis sulier mdgomareobas es fraza kargad gamoxatavs: `me mesmoda mxolod Cemi guliscema, viRacis skamis suliswamRebi Wriali, meti araferi~. Temuris qcevaSi Cans, rom igi dedasTan urTierTobas gadaCveulia, man ver SeZlo dedis misal-mebaze pasuxis gacema. is aRelvebuli da dabneulia, ar icis rogor moiqces: àxla Se-val da rames vetyvi. ras? ar vici... iqneb, TviTon miTxras rame...~, `me ubralod davxuWe Tvalebi da velodi, ra moxdeboda~. es personaJi emociurobiT gamoirCeva: `me mindoda, movmkvdariyavi, davyruebuliyavi, mekivla, dameZaxa mezoblebisaTvis, rom eSvelaT Cem-Tvis~, `gamarjobaT, qalbatono!... _ vTqvi da tirili daviwye...~. Temuris msoflmxedve-loba Cans frazaSi: `mTeli sicocxle unda iaro, mTeli sicocxle, boloSi rom mix-vide~. teqstSi Cans misi pirovnuli tragedia, romelic stalinurma reJimma ganapiroba, igi dedasTan gaucxovebulia.

es teqsti naTeli magaliTia imisa, Tu rogor zegavlenas axdens epoqa da garemo adamianTa urTierTobaze. saanalizo nawyvetis mTavari saTqmelic isaa, rom tiranulma reJimma deda-Svilis urTierTobazec ki imoqmeda. sabWoTa xelisuflebam deda da Svi-li erTmaneTs daaSora da maT dedaSvilobas didi safrTxe Seuqmna. avtorma es saT-qmeli uaRresad emociurad gadmogvca: dedas `Tvalebidan mduRare cremlebi~ sdioda, aseve, misi gulistkivili da sinanuli Semdegi sityvebiTaa gamoxatuli: `ratom rva wlis ar xar isev, Cemo patara biWo, ratom rva wlis ara xar, ratom, ratom ara xar~.

mTavari saTqmelis ukeT gadmosacemad avtori sxvadasxva mxatvrul saSualebas iye-nebs: dapirispireba-kontrasts: sabWoTa xelisufleba _ deda-Svili, SiSi _ uSfoTve-loba, siyvaruli _ siZulvili, warsuli _ awmyo, bedniereba _ ubedureba, tragedia _ komedia, tirili _ sicili, sikeTe _ boroteba. mxatvrul teqstSi uxvadaa epiTetebi: `WaRara~, `daRlili~, `TeTri~, `gamxdari~, `susti~, `samariseburi~, `SeSinebuli~, `su-liswamRebi~, `neli~, `Cumi~, `cxadi~, `bednieri~, `TeTri~, `lamazi~, àTrTolebuli~, `mduRare~. nodar dumbaZe, aseve, iyenebs Sedarebas: ès ar iyo sizmari, es iyo cxadi, rogorc Svidi Wadari universitetis win~, `moCvenebasaviT uaxlovdeboda~. is mimar-Tavs ironias: `jigaro, deputati ki xar, magram bileTis aReba ar dagaviwydes~. monak-veTSi mravladaa idioma: àdgilze gavqvavdi~, `tanSi Jruantelma damiara~, `samarisebu-ri siCume Camovarda~, `guli yelSi momebjina~, `mduRare cremlebi Camosdioda~, `mux-lebi momekveTa~.

Cemi azriT, mxatvruli teqstis problema aqtualuria. im epoqam da garemom, romel-Sic adamiani cxovrobs, SeiZleba pirovnebaze uaryofiTad imoqmedos. romanSi cxadad davinaxeT tiranuli reJimis sisastike, man dedaSvilur urTierTobazec ki imoqmeda. imave problemas exeba mixeil javaxiSvilis `jayos xiznebic~. sabWoTa xelisuflebam da maSindelma drom col-qmris urTierToba daangria da Teimurazi TviTmkvlelobam-dec ki miiyvana. mimaCnia, rom ra sastikic ar unda iyos epoqa, rogori gaucxoebulic ar unda iyos sazogadoeba, adamianma rwmena arasodes ar unda dakargos.

`mziani Rame~

(ix. davaleba #11)

mocemul nawyvetSi nodar dumbaZis moTxrobidan `mziani Rame~ erTi ojaxis trage-diiT avtors surs gvaCvenos sabWoTa epoqis gavlena adamianur urTierTobebze. Temuri da dedamisi mwerals sabWoTa represiebis msxverplTa mxatvrul saxed hyavs warmodge-nili. Temuris personaJi im adamianTa ganzogadebuli saxea, romelTac sabWoTa reJimma fizikur ganadgurebaze didi ziani miayena, waarTva adamianuri urTierTobebi. swored sabWoTa reJimma moaxerxa SvilisTvis deda imdenad ucxo adamianad eqcia, rom `qalba-tonis~ garda, misTvis sxva mimarTvis forma ver moeZebna. Temuris, rogorc personaJis,

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pirovnuli Tvisebebis danaxva, mcire teqstis miuxedavad, SesaZlebelia. miuxedavad rTuli bavSvobisa, is axerxebs SeinarCunos adamianis TanagrZnobis, siyvarulis unari, rasac igi dedasTan urTierTobisas amJRavnebs. magaliTad, rodesac bevrs fiqrobs, Tu ra hkiTxos, rogor `miuaxlovdes~ mas, raTa guli ar atkinos, an, rodesac fexze wamo-ayenebs da xels moxvevs dedas. aq Cans misi TanagrZnobis unari da gaucxoebasTan brZo-lis survili. nawarmoebis bolos Temuri axerxebs sakuTar TavSi ipovos Zala, daZli-os Zlieri gaucxoebis grZnoba da mZime bavSvobis aCrdilad qceul WaRara qals kvlav dauZaxos `deda~. am sityvebiT Temuri, rogorc qarTuli sazogadoebis simbolo, TiTqos amarcxebs borotebis imperias, romlis mTavari iaraRi swored adamianuri urTierTo-bebis CakvliT ugulo adamianebis Camoyalibebaa, raTa ukeT samarTavi sazogadoeba Seq-mnas. borotebis gamefeba mxolod usiyvarulo sazogadoebaSia SesaZlebeli.

vfiqrob, avtoris mizani iyo aRewera sabWoTa reJimis mier ganadgurebuli adamia-nuri urTierTobebi. amisTvis man dedaSvilobis magaliTi airCia, radgan es yvelaze wminda da Zlieri kavSiria TiTqmis yoveli adamianisTvis da mxolod udides borote-bas SeuZlia mis winaaRmdeg `galaSqreba~. teqstis mizani, vfiqrob, sabWoTa reJimis mxi-leba da misi mankierebebis Cvenebaa, aRwera imisa, Tu ra tkivilebi gadaitana qarTul-ma sazogadoebam represiebis epoqaSi. òrma mamakacma, romelTagan erTi SeSinebuli Can-da, meore ki iRimeboda da piri vercxlis kbilebiT hqonda gamotenili~ _ am erTi Se-xedviT umniSvnelo frazaSi, romliTac mTxrobeli dedis dasapatimreblad mosul or adamians aRwers, srulad airekleba sabWoTa sistema, romelic gamefda sazogadoebaSi, romlis erTma nawilma adamianoba `vercxlis kbilebze~ gacvala, xolo meore nawils SiSis ùRelma~ aiZula morCileba. adamianur urTierTobebze totalitarizmis gavle-nis Cveneba aseve mTavari mizania nawarmoebebSi `lara~ da `jayos xiznebi~.

avtori iyenebs eqspresiul, emociur, humanizmiT gajerebul Txrobis stils. iyenebs mxatvrul xerxebs. mag., Sedarebas: `moCvenebasaviT uaxlovdeba Cems sawols~, raTa mZaf-rad gamoxatos mTxrobelis emocia. aseve iyenebs epiTets: òTaxSi samariseburi siCume Camovarda~, raTa aRweros uxerxuli, monatrebiTa da gaucxoebiT gaJRenTili siCume, romelic amdeni wlis ganSorebis Semdeg Seyril deda-Svils Soris Camovarda. Temu-ris dedisadmi didi siyvarulis gadmosacemad avtori mimarTavs hiperbolas, rodesac Temuri ambobs: ìgi msoflioSi yvela dedaze lamazi iyo~.

`mziani Rame~ (ix. davaleba #12)

`borotsa sZlia keTilman, arseba misi grZelia~ _ wers SoTa rusTaveli da am afo-rizmis sidiadisa da WeSmaritebis kidev erTi dasturi mocemuli monakveTia.

rogorc Sesavlidan vigebT, abibo aris adamiani, romelmac borotad gamoiyena Te-muris ndoba da axla, rodesac igi sikvdilis pirasaa, misi sicocxle Temurzea damo-kidebuli. Temuris personaJs mTeli siuJetis ganmavlobaSi Sinagani brZolebi aqvs. pirvel abzacSi is gvevlineba ganadgurebul, siZulviliTa da SurisZiebis surviliT Sepyrobil adamianad. is ambobs: `kvdeboda kaci, romlis sikvdilsac vnatrobdi~. es grZnoba bunebrivia, radgan Temuri gulnatkeni da imedgacruebulia. misi sulieri mdgo-mareoba kargad Cans sityvebSi: `sulSi CamafurTxa, miwasTan gamaswora, gamwira~. ndo-baze mas piriqiT upasuxes, gayidviT. swored am yvelafridan gamomdinare, igi fiqrobs, rom ar daindobs abibos. ìqneb haeri unda, da me var misi macocxlebeli haeri, _ ara, ara, daxSuli sarkmeli var misTvis~ _ swored aseTi `daundobelia~ Tavidan Temuri. Tumca is, rom Temuri sinamdvileSi sulac araa aseTi, pirvel abzacSive Cans. is ner-viulobs, aRelvebulia: `me xelebi mikankalebda, piri gamSrali mqonda~. es gvafiqrebi-nebs, rom mas ar SeuZlia mkvleloba.

Cemi fiqrebi da varaudebi Temuris Sesaxeb teqstSi marTldeba. im wuTidanve, roca abibo daxmarebas iTxovs, Temuris damokidebuleba icvleba: `03 avkrife da saswrafo daxmareba gamoviZaxe~. yvelaferi, rasac manamde fiqrobda, gaqarwylda. Temuri abibo-saTvis sikvdili ki ar aRmoCnda, rogorc amas Tavidan fiqrobs, aramed sicocxlis dam-brunebeli. mkiTxveli am faqts acnobierebs maSin, rodesac saswrafo modis da erT-erTi eqimi ambobs: `droze mogiswriaT, nu geSiniaT...~

Temurs, rogorc zemoT vaxsene, Sinagani brZolebi aqvs. mis metamorfozas mkiTxve-li naTlad xedavs epizodSi, roca is abibos Rames uTenebs. `Tavidan siZulviliT ye-lamde savse, Cemda gasaocrad, TandaTan davicale...~ Cven vxedavT, rogor icleba per-

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sonaJi siZulvilisgan, Semdeg ki jer arafers grZnobs, bolos ki _ TanagrZnobas: `me avivse yelamde sibraluliT am kacis mimarT...~

ra aris misi mTavari motivi? ratom ar pasuxobs igi borotebaze imaveTi? amas er-Ti axsna, erTi pasuxi aqvs da Temuri Tavadve ambobs: `me mkvleli ara var, Zia abibo!~ diax, is ar aris mkvleli, mas SeuZlia patieba, mas SeuZlia sibraluli da TanagrZno-ba da situaciaze amaRleba. Temuri, garkveulwilad, SeiZleba SevadaroT akaki wereT-lis `gamzrdelis~ personaJ baTus. baTum, Temuris msgavsad, fiqrisa da Sinagani brZo-lis Semdeg moaxerxa, rom daeZlia SurisZiebis survili.

teqstSi avtori saubrobs araerT moralur-eTikur problemaze. is exeba SurisZie-bis grZnobas, danaSaulis patiebas, gaWirvebulis daxmarebas, Tumca mTavari saTqmeli erTia: SurisZiebis grZnobis daZleva abednierebs adamians. `raRac didi, mZime, autan-lad mZime davtove wuxel abibos oTaxSi~ _ ambobs Temuri. swored SurisZiebis survi-lia is tvirTi, romelic nebismieri adamianis suls amZimebs, boWavs da ar aZlevs sa-Sualebas iyos bednieri. Cven monakveTis bolos vxedavT absoluturad gansxvavebul Temurs: `raRac saocrad sufTam, gamWvirvalem, msubuqma da Tbilma amivso sxeuli~. Temuris keTilSobileba ara marto mas abednierebs, aramed abibozec moqmedebs. abibo, romelmac warsulSi daasmina Temuris megobari, axla madlieria, rac gvaZlevs safuZ-vels vifiqroT, rom igi Seicvleba. teqstSi vkiTxulobT: `Cemi xeli daiWira da kocna dauwyo~. es pasaJi migviTiTebs, rom abibo xedavs da acnobierebs Temuris keTilSobi-lebas.

nodar dumbaZe mTavari saTqmelis realizebisaTvis araerT mxatvrul saSualebas iyenebs. amiT is aRwers personaJebs, maT grZnobebs da aRZravs sxvadasxva emocias Cven-Si, mkiTxvelSi. pirvel abzacSi, imisaTvis, rom Cven naTlad davinaxoT, Tu rogori gulnatkeni da imedgacruebulia Temuri abibos saqcieliT, mwerali xatovan Tqmebs iyenebs: `sulSi CamafurTxa, miwasTan gamaswora...~ avtori uxvad iyenebs metaforebs, raTa Temuris siZulviliT aRsavse, daundobeli damokidebuleba gvanaxos: `me wyaro var axla misTvis...~, `Cemi xma RmerTis wyaloba iqneba...~, `me var macocxlebeli haeri~. es yvelaferi erTad saTanado emociebs aRZravs mkiTxvelSi.

monakveTSi gvxvdeba dialogebi, rogorc Temursa da abibos, ise Temursa da eqimebs Soris. am dialogebiT Cven vecnobiT Temuris mxatvrul saxesa da abibos mdgomareo-bas. abibos mdgomareobis dasaxatad mwerali epiTetebsac iyenebs: `sikvdilisgan SeSi-nebuli~, `muStisxelad qceuli~, `motexili~ _ am sityvebiT `amkobs~ dumbaZe abibos da gviCvenebs mis mZime fizikur mdgomareobas.

mwerali monakveTSi kidev erTxel iyenebs metaforas. amjerad is emsaxureba Temu-ris Secvlili damokidebulebis gamoxatvas abibos mimarT: `Cems win iwva araferi, qva, xe, Tu kunZi...~

teqsti rom mdidaria mxatvruli saSualebebiT, bolo abzacSic Cans. aq avtori epi-Tetebs iyenebs da amis saSualebiT gvaCvenebs, Tu ra mZime tvirTia SurisZieba: `didi, mZime, autanlad mZime davtove...~, `gamWvirvale, msubuqma da Tbilma amivso sxeuli~ _ es epiTetebi Temuris bednierebas aRwers, rasac is adarebs `bangiT Trobas~.

mocemulma mxatvrulma saSualebebma teqsti gaamdidra da misi mTavari saTqmeli mkiTxvelis gulamde miitana.

`lara~

(ix. davaleba #13)

`erTxel Cemkenac gamoixeda, Cveni Tvalebi erTmaneTs Sexvdnen. oo, TvalebSi mainc sindiyis simZime da sicive edga~, _ mTxrobelis SeSfoTeba warmoaCens laras mamis deformirebul, mZime suls. garSemomyofebis gancdaTa fonze Riavdeba, iSleba kacis zogadi fsiqotipi garkveuli warsuliT, fiqrebiT, miznebiT. mis yovel gamoCenas Tan sdevs gaucnobierebeli SiSi, SeZrwuneba. gankacebuli boroteba dauZlurebulia, Tum-ca kvlav ibrZvis aRsazeveblad. totalitaruli reJimis monstris garegnoba misi sam-Svinvelis, fsiqikis identuria. Tvalebi ireklavs dafarul Sinagan `mes~: `me ar mina-xavs, rogora aqvT gadmokarkluli Tvalebi CamoxrCobilebs... magram im dRis Semdeg sul ase mgonia, aseTi saSineli Tvalebi arc erT damxrCvals ar eqneba~.

personaJis sulier moZraobas, moqmedebis dinamikas sabWoTa socialisturi siste-misTvis damaxasiaTebeli fanatizmi, avadmyofuri erTguleba ganapirobebs. umaduri `viRac didi ufrosisTvis~ ugulebelyofs laras Tavdadebas, sakuTar `sisxlsa da

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xorcs~ abezRebs, gaurkveveli momavlisTvis imetebs. kacis mxatvruli saxe emsgavseba jorj oruelis romanSi _ `1984~ _ aRweril `sabWosebr adamianTa~ fsiqologiur portretebs. socializmis zombebi `siyvarulis saministroSi~ abezReben axloblebs, naTesavebs, nacnobebs. revaz inaniSvili swored amgvari `reJimis zombebze~, fitulze gviambobs.

epizodis Tema mxatvruli xerxebiTaa realizebuli. fsevdogmiris sulieri port-retis Seqmnisas mniSvnelovania epiTetebi: `gadmokarkluli~, `davrdomili~, `distro-firebuli~... garemos suraTis ukeT aRsaqmelad hiperbolizebulia idiomi: `SemaSfo-Tebeli siCume da uZraoba daawva Cvens sadarbazos~. mizanTropis pirovnuli `me~ `li-teraturuli amocanebiT~ _ metaforebiTaa aRwerili: `TvalebSi mainc sindiyis simZime da sicive edga~, `saSineli hqonda piric, deformirebuli Savi Rru~. teqstis mxatv-rul efeqts aZlierebs frazeologizmi: `mware Rimili gaukrTa bageze~. sasven niSan-Ta, konkretulad ki mZimeTa, simravle Txrobas gradaciulobas, dinamikas matebs. personaJTa emociis, ganwyobis aRsaqmelad umniSvnelovanesia Sorisdebulebi _ òo, TvalebSi mainc...~ mwerali saTqmels pirvel pirSi gadmogvcems. SesamCnevia revaz inaniSvilisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli eqspresiuloba.

epizodis moralur-eTikuri problema XX saukunisTvis kargad nacnob zneobriv gadagvarebas, degradirebas ukavSirdeba. vgmob ra laras mamis tips, sabWoTa kavSirSi formirebul `CamSvebTa~ instituts, Cemi apaTia, siZulvili emsgavseba mwerliseul protests. kaci moraluri gaxrwnis, dakninebis `sayovelTao~ magaliTia: `jibeSi edo mxolod sam furcelze dawerili da oTxad gakecili werili~, _ umTavresi iaraRi Svilisa da SviliSvilis gasanadgureblad.

mama-Svilis Tvisobrivi kontrastis fonze ibadeba revaz inaniSvilis mTavari saTq-meli _ didbunebovani adamianebi iobis moTminebiT itanen miyenebul tkivils, cxovre-biseul gansacdels. laras saxiT mwerali Tavdadebis, moTminebis apologias qmnis: `la-ra aravisTan gaCerebula, aravisTvis SeuCivlia, rogorc viciT xolme...~ qalis Sinagani xati msgavsia oTar WilaZis romanis _ `yovelman Cemman mpovnelman~ _ gmirisa: ana yve-las sWirdeboda, rogorc monasters monazoni... Tumca, rogorc laras, arc mas ufa-sebdnen Tavdadebas, gacemul energias. mamisTvis Tavganwiruli laras fatumi ubra-lod ase SeiZleba davaxasiaToT: `yovelman Cemman mpovnelman momklas me!..~

`lara~

(ix. davaleba #13)

`davrdomili~, `distrofirebuli~, `TiTqos daSlili~ _ ase gvixasiaTebs epizodis dasawyisSi avtori laras napatimral mamas. misi sulieri da fizikuri mdgomareoba kargad Cans. is dabeCavebuli, davrdomilia, damoukideblad gadaadgilebis unaric ar SerCenia. rogorc avtori aRniSnavs, àseTi saSineli Tvalebi arc erT damxrC-vals ar eqneba~. Tu `Tvalebi sulis sarkea~, maSin am kacs suli saerTod aRar aqvs. misi movla imdenad umZimT laras da mis Svils, rom sxva saqmisTvis dro aRarc rCebaT. moxuci Tavdapirvelad mkiTxvelSi did sibraluls iwvevs. SeuZlebelia, mo-makvdavi adamianis mdgomareobis daxatvisas Tanalmobis grZnoba ar gagviCndes, magram uecrad vxedavT, rom moxuci sakuTar Svilsa da SviliSvils dasmenas upirebs, rad-gan isini àkrZalul xils~ agemovneben, ucxour radiosadgurs usmenen da miRebul in-formaciebs xalxSi avrceleben. dasmenis werilSi isicaa naTqvami, rom isini ìzoli-rebuli unda iqnen sazogadoebisgan~. mama dasaRupad imetebs Svils, romelmac ar daizara misi fexze dayeneba, uwuravda aTasgvar wvens, xorcs patara bavSviviT aW-mevda. Cven Tvalwin ixateba personaJis saxe, romelic umaduria ojaxis mimarT, fana-tizmiTaa Sepyrobili. misi cnobiereba damyayebuli, azrovneba ki daWaobebulia. àz-ris policias~ kargad umuSavia! rogorc Cans, `rkinis bawari~ yelze kargad mouWires da Cakles masSi pirovneba, individi, aqcies sulgayidul adamianad. roca laras ma-ma ambobs: `Cveni qveynisTvis mtrul gadmocemebs usmendneno~, sityvaSi _ `Cveni~, sab-WoTa kavSirs gulisxmobs, `gigantis Soltis muskulebi~ rom mouqnia. igi usamSob-loo kacad qceula, sakuTari ojaxis dasmena rom ar uWirs, sakuTar SviliSvils par-tias anacvalebs da amitomac, albaT, `bedi mdevaris~ sasjelic swori da logikuria, igi fostis jixurTan uecrad kvdeba.

avtori imdenad zustad warmogviCens laras mamis mxatvrul saxes, rom misi port-reti warmogvidgeba Tvalwin, TiTqos vxedavT sityvebs, dasmenis werilSi rom weria.

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maxsendeba `Cakluli sulis~ mTavari gmiri, bolSevikebiT daSinebuli, megobars rom gascems. aseve `1984~, romlis mTavar personaJs `siyvarulis saministrom~ ver aswavla 2+2=5, koleqtiurma azrma orive gmiri mainc ver dajabna, gansxvavebiT laras mamisgan, romelic susti aRmoCnda da sakuTari goneba nebayoflobiT dauTmo tiranebs samar-Tavad.

avtori teqstis mTavari saTqmelis gadmosacemad sxvadasxva mxatvrul-gamomsaxve-lobiT saSualebas iyenebs. magaliTad, napatimrali moxucis fizikur mdgomareobas aRwers epiTetebiT: `daSlili~, `areul-dareuli~, `gaararavebuli~. mamis `RalatiT~ damwuxrebul laraze ambobs: `mqrqali mware Rimili gaukrTa bageze~, kacis dabrune-biT gamowveul mdgomareobas aRwers metaforiT: `SemaSfoTebeli siCume da uZraoba daawva Cvens sadarbazos~, moxucis Tvalebs isev metaforiT aRwers: `TvalebSi mainc sindiyis simZime da sicive edga~. avtoris Txrobis stili ar aris rTuli, igi dinami-kuri da eqspresiulia, gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca fostasTan moxucis waqcevis epi-zods aRwers. am mxatvruli TaviseburebebiT teqstis ZiriTadi saTqmeli ufro cxa-dia, emociac, romelic mkiTxvels wakiTxvisas eufleba, gamZafrebulia.

maxsendeba federiko felinis filmi `amarkordi~. erT epizodSi musolinis Tavi amoizrdeba miwidan, am dros adamianebi SiSnarevi TvalebiT iyurebian, paralelurad, jariskacebi gauTaveblad moZraoben maT irgvliv. es magaliTi tiranuli reJimis zegavlenas asaxavs adamianebze, romlebic SiSma usaxur marionetebad aqcia. me laras mamasac aseT marionetad moviazreb, romelsac SiSma ojaxis gayidva aiZula.

`moralur gaxrwnad~ me sulac ar aRviqvam ucxouri radiosadguris mosmenas. `rkinis farda~, romelic Tavis droze Camoefara Tavisufal samyarosa da sadamsje-lo sistemas _ ssrk-s Soris, bevrisTvis Tavisuflebis SemzRudveli ar aRmoCnda. CemSi moxuci saocar sibraluls iwvevs imitom, rom ver SeZlo winaaRmdegoba gae-wia im ZalisTvis, romelmac gonebaSi uazro, Zaladobrivi sistemis erTguleba STa-unerga. sabWoTa fanatizmiT Sepyrobili moxuci uZluri aRmoCnda. me vfiqrob, rom yvela adamianisgan ver moviTxovT erTgulebas, zogi amisTvis mzad ar aris. arc is mikvirs, adamianma Svilis dasmena rom ganizraxa. totalitaruli reJimebis `monapova-ria~ e. w. CamSvebi adamianebis gamowrToba. vfiqrob, yoveli Zaladobrivi sistema Ta-vis sakireSi xarSavs moxucisnair adamianebs.

`lara~

(ix. davaleba #13)

revaz inaniSvilis moTxrobaSi `lara~ aRwerilia moralur-eTikuri problema, romelic fanatizmiT Sepyrobil, umadur Cinovniks exeba. nawarmoebis erT-erTi perso-naJia laras napatimrali mama, romelmac ToTxmet weliwadze meti gaatara cixeSi da axla mTlad davrdomili da distrofirebuli gamovida gareT. avtori yofili patim-ris garegnobis aRweriT gviCvenebs, rom igi imdenadaa dauZlurebuli, ukve sikvdilis pirasaa misuli. rogorc teqstidan vigebT, laras mamis dabruneba iwvevs areulobas, dabneulobasa da sevdas deda-SvilSi. Cans, ojaxis wevrebi yvelafers akeTebdnen imi-saTvis, rom fexze daeyenebinaT yofili Cinovniki. mwerali larasa da Julienis saqmi-anobiT aRwers im Tavganwirul erTgulebas, romelic maT gaaCndaT da swored am Tav-dauzogavi Sromis damsaxureba iyo is, rom oTxi Tvis Semdeg laras mama fexze dadga.

avtors laras mamis garegnobis aRweriT surs Caswvdes personaJis sulier sam-yaros, magaliTad, Tvalebis aRwerisas mwerali ambobs, rom yofil Cinovniks Tvaleb-Si sindiyis simZime da sicive edga, riTac gviCvenebs, rom personaJi Sinaganad degradi-rebuli adamiania. revaz inaniSvili laras mamis saxiT gvixatavs sistemis mier gamow-rTobil adamians, romlisTvisac ucxoa ojaxis wevrebis siyvaruli, ver afasebs maT

mier gaRebul amags, cdilobs daasminos isini da amiT aimaRlos dacemuli reputacia. aravis sWirdeboda is uazro fanatizmi sistemisadmi, romelic am adamians gaaCnda, magram masSi CabeWdili rwmena da uazro erTguleba sabWoTa kavSirisadmi ufro Zlieri aRmoCnda, romelmac gadafara yovelgvari siyvarulis grZnoba da dasmenisaken ubiZga umadur adamians, amiT ki avtorma sistemis znedacemuli mxare warmogvidgina.

saTqmelis ukeT gadmosacemad mwerali iyenebs mxatvrul saSualebebs, magaliTad epiTetebiTaa aRwerili SemaSfoTebeli siCume, riTac daZabul situacias gvixatavs. gamoyenebulia metafora `TvalebSi mainc sindiyis simZime da sicive edga~, Sedarebaa gamoyenebuli Julienis karg momvlelTan Sedarebisas. Tu davakvirdebiT, Txroba eqsp-

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resiulia, daZabuli, saintereso, romelic gadmocemulia larasa da Julienis mezob-lis mier.

Cemi azriT, teqstSi wamoWrili problema metad mZimea da ar aris gaTvlili mxo-lod erT ojaxze. vfiqrob, rom amiT mwerali gviCvenebs sistemis uaryofiT mxares, romlisTvisac ucxoa zneobrivi idealebi. Caketil garemoSi awrTobdnen adamianebs, romlebsac ar SeswevdaT siyvarulis unari. paraleli SegviZlia gavavloT moTxro-basTan `Cakluli suli~, sadac ioseb stalini xasiaTdeba adamianad, romelsac ar hqonda organo siyvarulisTvis. swored amaSia mTeli sakacobrio problema. sistemaSi momwyvdeuli adamianebis azrovneba metad gansxvavebulia, maTi azrovnebis areali ar scildeba am Caketilobas da, albaT, amitomacaa maTTvis aseTi prioritetuli uazro erTguleba da fanatizmi, romelmac SeiZleba daCrdilos iseTi adamianuri grZnoba, rogoric, magaliTad, ojaxuri siyvarulia.

yovelive zemoT Tqmulidan gamomdinare, Cemi damokidebuleba teqstSi wamoWrili problemis mimarT calsaxaa da vTvli, rom sistemam SeiZleba warmoSvas wesrigi, mag-ram anadgurebs yvelafer imas, rac cxovrebaSi lamazi da misaRebia. mis mier gamowr-Tobili adamiani uazrod morCili da dabeCavebuli xdeba, aseTi pirovneba ki laras mamaa, romelic CemTvis miuRebeli adamiania.

`lara~ (ix. davaleba #13)

adamiani biologiurad da fsiqologiurad `meqanizmia~. mxolod mas ZaluZs iseTi saocrebebis Cadena, rogorebic penicilinis Seqmna da uamravi sicocxlis gadarCe-naa da `holokostis~ mowyobac, raTa xelis erTi mosmiT aTasebi gaanadguros.

revaz inaniSvilis moTxrobis mocemul nawyvetSi laras mamis saxe mwerlis mier marTlac saocradaa asaxuli. ra SeiZleba vuwodoT aseT arsebas? ucnauri, axirebu-li kaci? deformirebuli, uzneo araraoba Tu ubralod fanatikosi? mixeil javaxiS-vils davesesxebi da `nakacarsac~ davumateb im epiTetebis grZel sias, romlebiTac revaz inaniSvili àmkobs~ Tavis personaJs (Tumca, amis gamo, vgoneb, Teimuraz xevis-Tavi ufro miwyenda). moTxrobis dawyebisTanave mwerali gvamzadebs laras mamis qme-debebisTvis, `daSlil~ da àreul-dareul~ kacad warmogvidgens. erTgvar Jruantels gvgvris sityvebi _ aseTi gadmokarkluli Tvalebi mxolod CamoxrCobils Tu eqnebao.

mxolod xorcia am kacisa aseTi gaxrwnili? ara, sulic misi anareklia _ `defor-mirebuli Savi Rru~! laras mamis aRsawerad gamoviyeneb iseT sityvebs, rogorebicaa: `saWurisi~ da `mona~ da mizezsac axlave ganvmartav: àra sxeulis, aramed sulis saWurisobas hqvia monoba da vinc sxvas arTmevs Tavisuflebas, monaa isic~ (oTar Wi-laZe, àdamiani gazeTis svetSi~).

laras mamas Cven, mkiTxveli, erTgvari imediTac SevyurebT: iqneb am `daSlili~ kacis ferflidan feniqsi unda wamoimarTos? iqneb rogori siyvaruli da pativiscema unda miagos deda-Svils sanacvlod?.. da uceb... guldawyvetiT vambobT: àrca kudi ZaRlisa ganimarTebis da arca kirCxibi marTlad vals~. qarTuli andaza ki ufro sastikad gamogvexmianeboda: `kuzians samare gaasworebs~.

mocemuli teqstidan vigebT, laras mama partiuli muSaki an uSiSroebis sabWos Ta-namSromeli unda yofiliyo. vin icis, vis sulSi afaTurebda xelebs (amitom Tu ga-uSavda).

yovelive amis Semdeg eg kaci mTlianadaa gaxrwnili, gadagvarebuli, àseTad dar-Ceba ukanasknel amosunTqvamde~. cota Tu SevibralebT, msxverplic SegviZlia vuwo-doT: wiTeli teroris erT-erTi, rigiTi msxverpli. maxsendeba kuzma kilgas fraza haki aZbas mimarT: ès mona adamianad mainc aRar ivargebda~. sinamdvileSi, es fraza laras mamas ufro Sehferis. igi fanatizmisa da umadurobis srulyofili gansaxie-rebaa, Rirseuli mamis (reJims vgulisxmob) Rirseuli Svili. igi magonebs berzins grigol robaqiZis `Cakluli sulidan~: uRmerTo, usxeulo da uTvistomo, mxolod ideisa da `diadi qveynis~ morCili. berzinic xom ar aZlevs Tavs uflebas natas siy-varulisas, gpu-s TanamSromlis gonebas guli ver unda moerios. laras mama ki TiT-qos saZageli siamayiT abezRebs Svilsa da SviliSvils, cxovelis instiqtiTRa moqme-debs: patrons icavs ucxo mtrisagan.

revaz inaniSvili personaJebs pirdapiri daxasiaTebis gziTac warmogvidgens (`gam-xdari kidev ufro gaxda~, `gaSavebuli xelebi~ da sxv.). misi epiTetebi zustad xvdeba

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mizans da mkiTxvelze did STabeWdilebas axdens (`gadmokarkluli Tvalebi~, `SemaS-foTebeli siCume~, `mqrqali, mware Rimili~ da a. S.). arc Sedarebebis naklebobas gan-vicdiT, es TiToeuli niuansis ukeT danaxvaSi gvexmareba (`Julieni... kargi momvleli-viT dastrialebda~), metaforiT ki saocari sicxadiT aris warmodgenili laras mamis namdvili saxe (`TvalebSi mainc sindiyis simZime da sicive edga~).

mwerlis Txrobis stili dinamikuria. gafacicebiT vadevnebT Tvals personaJebis qmedebebs, avtori, am SemTxvevaSi, xom personaJicaa. mis kvaldakval vxdebiT TiToeu-li movlenis mowme. es gansakuTrebul mravalferovnebas sZens teqsts da mkiTxve-lsac meti emociiT avsebs.

me, piradad, guli mwydeba larasa da Julienis gamo. maTi Tavganwirva uangaroa, siyvaruli _ wminda, magram cxovrebaa sastiki da isinic reJimis msxverplni arian. totalitarizmi spobs adamianTa fsiqikas da, laras mamasaviT, xalxs sakuTar `mes~ akargvinebs, jojoxeTis qurumebad aqcevs. maT `hmarTebT~ dabezReba, Suri, ciliswame-ba, sakuTar sisxlsa da xorcsac aRar indoben.

CemTvis miuRebelia yovelgvari Zaladoba, yovelgvari gaxrwna adamianis sulisa da gonebisa. sabolood ra moaqvs amas? àn sikvdili an gamarjveba~! Tu mokvdi, ese igi represiebs Seewire da ai, Tu gaimarjve, zixar sadme baRSi da berlioziviT (mixeil bulgakovi, òstati da margarita~) vinme ùvics~ umtkiceb, rom qriste arc yofila da pilate xom monaWoria. sinamdvileSi, albaT, gasagebia risi Tqmac msurs: yovelg-vari reJimi, romelic adamians `ciT monaber suls~ akargvinebs da `gaararavebul beri-kacad~ aqcevs, dasagmobia da ara mxolod erTi pirovnebis, aramed mTeli kacobrio-bis mier.

àntonio da daviTi~ (ix. davaleba #14)

mocemul teqstSi Cven vecnobiT Zalian saintereso personaJs _ antonios. mkiTxve-li Tavidanve amCnevs mis mWevrmetyvelebasa da Wkuas, radgan is Tavis azrs ostatu-rad ayalibebs da gasagebad, logikurad msjelobs. Tumca es misi mTavari damaxasia-Tebeli Tviseba araa. SeuZlebelia mkiTxveli ar aRivsos garkveuli mowiwebiT anto-nios mimarT, rodesac gaiazrebs, Tu ramdenad mamacia evropeli misioneri. is imdenad gambedavia, rom uiaraRod midis yaCaRTa bunagSi, saidanac cocxlad dabrunebas ar elis, Semdeg ki pirdapir esaubreba yaCaR daviTs mis araerT naklze da Seuracxyo-fasac ki ayenebs _ araerTxel uwodebs laCars. am SesaSuri simSvidis, simamacis sa-fuZvels antonios saubridanve vigebT: igi aris iseTi adamiani, romelsac `...hyofnis gambedaoba, Tvali gausworos Tavis SiSs~. marTalia, Semdeg Tavad akritikebs saku-Tar Tavs, `sikvdilis SiSi Turme jer kidev ver dameZliao~, magram Tvals usworebs da ar Zrwis mis winaSe, rac mxolod gamorCeul adamianebs gamosdiT. sikvdilis SiSi xom bunebrivia, mis winaaRmdeg brZola ki sakuTari bunebis winaaRmdeg brZolaa, rac udides nebisyofasa da pirovnul simtkices moiTxovs. swored aseTi pirovnebaa anto-nio: brZeni, mamaci, udidesi nebisyofis mqone adamiani, romelmac TiTqmis daZlia sikv-dilis SiSi da amiT _ boroteba sakuTar TavSi.

mxatvrul nawarmoebSi Sinaarsze aranakleb mniSvnelovania, Tu rogoraa naTqvami gadmocemuli, ra mxatvrul meTodebsa da saSualebebs iyenebs avtori. es arcTu didi fragmenti mdidaria mxatvrul-gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebiT, amitom mxolod ramde-nime maTganze gavamaxvileb yuradRebas. aRsaniSnavia gapirovneba frazaSi: `Seni Si-Si cocxalia, daviT~. amiT xazgasmulia is, rom daviTs mudam eSinia sikvdilis da es SiSi ise marTavs mas, TiTqos misi mbrZanebeli, cocxali arseba iyos. `Seni mbrZanebe-lio~, swored am metaforiT moixseniebs mwerali daviTis SiSs Semdgom monakveTSi, roca is mkiTxvelis am gancdas kidev ufro amZafrebs. Semdgom mwerali codvebs mat-lebs adarebs, rac TvalsaCinod warmoaCens, Tu rogor datanjavs kacs saiqioSi sa-kuTari codvebi. metafora `sibrazis talRa~ ki daviTis mZvinvarebasa da saxifaToo-bas usvams xazs. aRsaniSnavia teqstis intonacia, ritmi. teqstis dramatulobis zrdas-Tan erTad izrdeba ritmic ise, rom mkiTxveli iZabeba da mTlianad erTveba teqstSi, TiTqos Tavad iyos moqmedebis Tanamonawile. amasTan, toni didaqtikuria, ritoriku-li, rac teqstis ritmTan erTad xels uwyobs imas, rom mkiTxvelma kargad gaigos da Seisisxlxorcos avtoris saTqmeli. es, Cemi azriT, am fragmentis udides mxatvrul Rirebulebas ganapirobebs.

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saTqmeli ki, anu is problema, romelsac avtori wamoWris, Zalian mniSvnelovani da sainteresoa. es aris sikvdilis SiSis problema. sikvdili bunebis nawilia, mas veravin gaeqceva, misi SiSi ki yvelas Tan dahyveba. Tumca, Cemi azriT, arseboben iseTi adamianebic, romlebic sakuTari sicocxliT anda sikvdiliT axerxeben, dasZli-on bunebis es saSineli kanonzomiereba, daamarcxon igi. swored aseT gansakuTre-bul adamianebs aRwers jemal qarCxaZe Tavis moTxrobaSi. Tumca, avtori kidev ufro Sors midis. is yvelanairi borotebis saTaved am SiSs miiCnevs, mis daZlevas ki _ si-keTis winapirobad. amaSi me mas mxolod nawilobriv veTanxmebi. viziareb mis azrs, rom borotebas SiSi Sobs. magram mxolod misi daZleva rom iyos sikeTis gza, Zalian bevri boroti adamiani iarsebebda, radgan, rogorc ukve aRvniSne, SiSis daZleva gansakuTrebul nebisyofas moiTxovs. me vfiqrob, mTavaria adamiani Cawvdes borote-bis mizezs da daupirispirdes mas, magram sikvdilis SiSis daZleva mxolod erTe-ulTa xvedria, romelTac Cven gmirebs vuwodebT.

`samoseli pirveli~ (ix. davaleba #15)

guram doCanaSvili roman `samoseli pirvelis~ mocemul epizodSi mogviTxrobs la-maz-qalaqelebis erT gansxvavebul dReze da qalze, romelic im dRes amindTan erTad saocrad Seicvala. `sanam gaocebuli lamaz-qalaqelebi daWyetil Tvalebs daaxamxa-mebdnen, tereza odnav, msubuqad Sexta da yvelani erTad mixvdnen _ cekvavda qali~. Casaqoli iyoo, _ avtori gveubneba, _ magram kargad icoda terezam, rom dacinvasac veravin gaubedavda _ lamazi iyo da moswonda yvelas. Tavdajerebulobac ar aklda da sakuTari Tavis fasic mSvenivrad icoda. yvelas saocrad izidavda da mainc miuwv-domeli rCeboda maTTvis, amitom iyo erTdroulad `sayvarelic da saZulvelic~.

tereza aris mxatvruli saxe adamianisa, romelsac SeuZlia erT dReSi mTlianad Seicvalos, romelic pativs scems sakuTar grZnobebs da maTi gamoxatvis ar eSinia. emociis zRva iyo terezas cekva. grZnobaaSlili cekvavda qali da aras dagidev-daT, sxvebi amas Tu ver xvdebodnen. arc qalaqelebis daWyetili Tvalebi da gaoce-buli saxeebi anaRvlebda. tereza grZnobda, uyvarda da TavdaviwyebiT gamoxatavda am siyvaruls, oRond cota gansxvavebulad. `cekvavda romeliRac ucnob, saxeldaxe-lod gamogonil cekvas. grZeli Tma ufrialebda, ucaxcaxebda mxrebi, erTianad cax-caxebda da gamwarebuli iRimeboda cekvisas TvaldaxuWuli qali da irgliv Tovda...~ mere ra, Tovlma xom lamazqalaqSi met-naklebad yvela Secvala.

Txrobis stili Taviseburia. igrZnoba is originaloba, romelic doCanaSvilis yvela nawarmoebSi Cans. avtori ambavs gviyveba Zalian laRad, TiTqos romans ki ar wers, megobrebs uambobs saintereso istorias. `...da uu, rogor sZuldaT yvelaferi~. miuxedavad amisa, nawarmoebi mdidaria mxatvruli saSualebebiT. mocemuli epizodi iwyeba Tovliani qalaqis peizaJis aRweriT. amas mosdevs terezas portreti. gvxvdeba gapirovneba: `fifqebi xalisianad eSvebodnen...~ metafora: `aTasgan TeTrad feTqdeboda gaocebul TvalebSi Tovli~. epiTetebi: `namdvili Tovli~, `sqlad SeRebili wam-wamebi~, `didi, daCvretili, msubuqi fifqebi~, `Txeli, faqizi nestoebi~, `wiTeli sisxli~ _ giJi ugos sityvebi, romlebic sayovelTao mxiarulebis fonze aSkara kon-trasts qmnis.

bedniereba silaResa da TavisuflebaSia _ esaa mTavari gancda, rac am epizodis wakiTxvis Semdeg yvelaze mkafiod grCeba da teqstis mTavar saTqmeladac SeiZleba moviazroT. lamaz-qalaqelebic amitom iyvnen aseTi bednierni. terezasac es axarebda: grZnobebs gamoxatavda, suls aTavisuflebda da bednieri iyo amiT.

SeiZleba upovari iyo. Rirebuli araferi gagaCndes da bednieri geTqmodes mainc, radgan bedniereba sulidan modis. Tu suliT ver galaRdi, ramdeni fulic ginda, im-deni gqondes _ mogxuTavs da SeiZleba dagaxrCos kidec. `ana frankis dRiuri~ gavix-senoT Tundac: gogona, romelic imdeni xani SiSsa da sikvdilis molodinSi cxovrobda, mainc laRi da bednieri iyo, radgan yovelTvis gamoxatavda sakuTar grZnobebs. Tu aravisTan laparakobda, werda mainc. arsebobs erTi SesaniSnavi sabavSvo wigni, rome-lic mogviTxrobs biWze, romelmac didZal qonebaSi sakuTari sicili gacvala da rogorc ki gaRimeba veRar SeZlo, maSinve mixvda, rom bedniereba Zvirfas tansacmelsa da uamrav saWmelSi ki ara, mis laR kiskisSi iyo, romelsac guls ayolebda xolme.

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`soxumSi dabruneba~ (ix. davaleba #16)

saSineleba, romelsac omi hqvia, TiToeul adamianze moqmedebs. devnilobis simZime is tvirTia, romlis zidva nebismieri pirovnebis xasiaTis formirebasa Tu rwmenis, ndobis ryevas gamoiwvevda. swored omiT gaborotebul adamianTa urTierTobas aRwers guram odiSaria wignSi `soxumSi dabruneba~.

`gidis savarZelSi mokalaTebuli qali~ TvalebSi Sescqeris imas, rasac omi hqvia. is erTia mravalTa Soris, isic SemTxveviT gadaurCa sikvdils... amitom eZebs mizezs, mizezs sakuTari ubedurebisa, radgan lamis àfxazeTis omi sanatrebeli gauxda...~ eZebs da poulobs, radgan martivia daadanaSaulo sxva, oRond sababi dainaxo Seni cxovrebis aseTi cvlilebebisa: ès soxumelebi sul ar arian gasaSvebi iqiT... gadadi-an da mere imaT yvelafers eubnebian... mere isini bombaven Cvenebs...~ qals TviTonac sjera Tavisi naTqvamisa, radgan unda, rom sjerodes, magram arc fiqrobs, aris Tu ara marTali. ra saWiroa samarTlianobaze fiqri, Tu Tavs àvtobusis meufed grZnobs, winamZRolad, liderad (ra Tqma unda, erTpirovnulad)~. qali garegnulad `sustia, mkacri ieris~, `Tavisi SemarTuli sxeuliT xazgasmiT da wamdauwum~ aRniS-navs, rom àrc meti, arc naklebi, ekaterine WavWavaZe-dadianis memkvidrea~ da aravis arafers SearCens. Tumca yvelaferi arc ase martivadaa. is ar ebmeba brZolaSi, ro-melSic iwveven, uars ambobs àvtobusis mbrZaneblis skiptraze~... ratom? albaT imi-tom, rom TviTonac icis, ar SeiZleba `gadmoiyvanon es soxumelebi avtobusidan da daxvriton~, SeuZlebelia àm gaWirvebul da bedSav xalxs~ niRabi hqondes afarebu-li... mas omma rwmena daakargvina, adamianTa rwmena, swored amitomac qceula is ukmex da anCxl adamianad.

guram odiSarias Txrobis stili metad Taviseburi da sainteresoa. is miaxloe-bulia yoveldRiur metyvelebasTan, swored amitom iSviaTad vxvdebiT tropul saSua-lebebs. teqstSi mocemulia sul ramdenime epiTeti. magaliTad: `gaWirvebuli da bed-Savi xalxi~ devnilTa mZime sulier Tu fizikur mdgomareobas aRwers, kontrasts ki hqmnis `saidumlo rukebi~, `daSifruli ustarebi~, `danaSaulobaTa grZeli sia~. Seda-rebebi gansakuTrebul elfers sZens nawyvets: `bibliuri meudabnoesaviT naxevradwa-mowolili~, `gladiatorebiviT... vetakebiT erTmaneTs~. es Sedarebebi avtors exmareba gaamZafros is ironia, romelic mTel nawarmoebs uwyvet xazad gasdevs. sarkazmi marT-lac is mxatvruli xerxia, romelic yvelaze did yuradRebas ipyrobs. odiSaria das-cinis arsebul viTarebas: àbaSa: Cven SevwyvetT, Tu Tqven SewyvetT, samtredia: Cven SevwvetT. Tqven? abaSa: Cvenc. Tqven? samtredia: Cvenc. Tqven?~ avtori aseve ironiiT aR-wers omiT daRlili adamianebis ganwyobas: `maT Cveni sisxlis xilva swyuriaT, sad daiRvreba es sisxli _ arenis qviSaze Tu avtobusis safenebze, maTTvis sulerTia~. ironia kulminacias aRwevs bolo winadadebaSi: `gixaroden, mamuliSvilno, RmerTi CvenTanaa!~ es winadadeba mkiTxvels umZafrebs SegrZnebas, rom es yvelaferi didi ab-surdia, absurdi, romelic mTel qveyanaSi iyo gamefebuli.

da mainc, ra aris mTavari problema, mTavari saTqmeli? albaT is, rom omi yve-lafers anadgurebs: rwmenas, siyvaruls, erTianobis gancdasa da SegrZnebas. rusTave-li XII saukuneSi werda: òdes kacsa daeWirvos, maSin unda Zma da Tvisi~, XX saukune-Si ki qarTvelebs swored es daaviwydaT. or nawilad gayofil sazogadoebaSi adamia-ni kargavs individualur Tvisebebs. is iqceva brbos nawilad, Tavisi Tavis gadasarCe-nad ki sruliad udanaSaulo adamiansac ki daswamebs cils da esvris qvas. swored es daemarTa `gidis savarZelSi mokalaTebul qals~, `zugdidis wminda miwasTan~ damx-vedr qals, xalxs, romelic ambobda: `ltolvilebi sul zviadistebi arian ra! erTi magaTi!~... Tumca gasakviri aq araferia, radgan TiTqmis SeuZlebelia SeinarCuno princi-pebi da prioritetebi uryevad, roca qveyana gengreva Tavze, roca xedav, rogor klavs Seni Zma Senive Zmas... swored amitom, me mecodeba TiToeuli maTgani, radgan omis si-sastike adamianis sulieri samyaros ngrevas iwvevs; rwmenadakarguli, usiyvarulo ada-mianebi ki Zlier qveyanas ver aaSeneben.

qarTuli ena da literatura - aris.ge · lisis saxelmwifo universitetis sibrZnismetyvelebis...

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