Revista Vilankulo Dezembro 2011

7/30/2019 Revista Vilankulo Dezembro 2011

1/45

GJIF@\JDXL^GS_I SLELS_XIJ OL OLS]DX_D L _\XGSED

8 Logd

Olqlehxd ol 8=99

Ckgy|gfkd Eixjgf it 8=9>)Ckgy|gfkd gs eixjgf

|ftgj 8=9>)

^gctdx cddxolfiLscdji NC^gctdx cddxogfitls

Lscdji ^NC

Sisdj1 eigs |es}dfsdx ol }lsdSisdj* dfl edxl

rlgbkt s}dfsdx


2/45

OLQLEHXD OL 8=99LOGD F 8


3/45

3

OLQLEHXD OL 8=99 LOGD F 8

S\EXGD S\EEIXW

=?& Eigs |ei }dci |tlhdjstgci cklbd| id ne=&^gjif`|jd NC xlclhl 3== egj ojixls ol }itxdcfgd oi Sisdj82& gjif`|jd NC xlclg~ls 3== tkd|sifos odjjixs |folx tkl i|s}gcls dn

Sisdj

8;&Wissgf Ie|ag ljlgtd Eljkdx Ogxgblftl Ols}dxtg~d ol 8=998;&Wissgf Ie|ag ljlctlo Hlst S}dxt Jliolx 8=99

87&^gjif`|jd NC ~gcl%cie}l87& gjif`|jd NC ~gcl%ckie}gdf

NGCKI _CFGCI]LXGDOGCGOIOL1 SLELS_XIJ]XD]XGLOIOL1 ^GJIF@\JD N\_LHDJ CJ\HLOGXLC_DX1 WISSGF IE\AGLOG_DX1 XLBGFIJOD C\EHIFIND_DBXINGI1 IXY\G^D ^NC]\HJGCGOIOL1 HLFLOG_D GSIGIS + 8


4/45


ELFSIBLE OD ]XLSGOLF_L

Wissgf Ie|ag

]xlsgolftl od ^NC

Eigs |ei }dci n|tlhdjstgci cklbd| id e l* slb|fodis fdssis }xl~gsls* d fdssd cj|hl c|e}xg| cde i }xgfcg}ijelti ol 8=99* y|l sl cgxc|fscxl~gi le cdftgf|ix i niqlx}ixtl od Ediehdji* }xgfcg}ij cie}ldfitd od n|tlhdjediehgcifd* }ixi b|ogd ol tdods ds gftlbxiftls oi nie%jgi eixjgf* sle l{cl}d&

D fdssd }lxc|xsd fd ndg ncgj* cded a lxi ol }xl~lx* sl}dx eigs fd slai }dxy|l d hxgd cde y|l i fdssi ly|g}i sli}xlslftd| fi lstxlgi fd Ediehdji le 8=9= ol| sgfigs oly|l d ^gjif`|jd NC fd lxi eigs |ei ly|g}i fd Edie%hdji* eis sge |ei ly|g}i od Ediehdji* oi y|l le 8=99tdods ds io~lxsxgds tlfkie lfcixiod ds eixjgfs cde xls%}lgtd xlodhxiod&

I }dci fd cdeld| oi eljkdx ndxei* }dgs is flclssg%oiols fd tlxxlfd dhxgbixie%fds i e|oix o|is ~lqls ol txlg%fiodx* d y|l sle}xl txiq ogc|joiols ol xlioi}tid idsitjltis* eis lxi flclssxgd l* nljgqelftl* is d}ls ndxieiclxtiois l i }dci icihixgi tlxegfifod oi eljkdx ndxei*cde Ckgy|gfkd Cdfol fd cdeifod tcfgcd oi ly|g}i&

Cihl ls}id* }dx cdfslb|gftl* iy|g l ibdxi* }ixi le el|fdel }lssdij l od cdjlctg~d oi Ogxlcd ibxiolclx d ih%flbiod lsndxd le}xllfogod }ljds adbiodxls* }ljds odgstxlgfiodxls y|l iftlclolxie Ckgy|gfkd Cdfol* fdelioi%

elftl Egb|lj ods Siftds l Iho|j Deix* l }dx tdods y|if%tds* ogxlcti d| gfogxlctielftl* olxie |e }d|cd ol sg }ixiy|l ^gjif`|jd sl eiftg~lssl fi xdti od Ediehdji&

]lji tlxclgxi ~lq cdfslc|tg~i ~ieds }ixtgcg}ix fdEdiehdji l }xltlfoleds lftxix cde xelqi* gfd~itg~dsl sle elod ol lxxix d| ol lfnxlftix ogc|joiols* }dgs ogqi sihlodxgi iftgbi y|l i io~lxsgoiol |e txie}djge }ixii eit|xgoiol* d elsed y|l ogqlx y|l ds fdssds lxxds fds

hlflcgie eigs od y|l fdssds iclxtds&Le 8=98 i}xlslftixleds |ei nicl eigs eio|xi* eigsiehgcgdsi* y|l fds }lxegti* }i|jitgfielftl* cxgix hisls}ixi |e }xdssgdfijgsed s|stlft~lj* slfod y|l d }xg%elgxd bxifol sgfij i xlfd~id od cdftxitd cde d tcfgcdCkgy|gfkd Cdfol* y|l }xlstix slx~gd id fdssd cj|hl }dxcgfcd gfgftlxx|}tds ifds* cde eigs d|txds tiftds ol d}d&

Dxb|jki%fds sdhxleiflgxi d nictd ol Ckgy|gfkd Cdfoltlx }lxclhgod l cdfcdxoiod cde d ijcifcl od fdssd }xd%alctd* sdhxlt|od d nictd ol tlx cklbiod cdfcj|sd oly|l d sl| }lxj lfy|ioxi%sl }lxnlgtielftl cde i ~gsd odcj|hl* cdfogd sgfl y|i fdf }ixi y|l lstl cisielftd slcdfs|eissl* od y|ij ls}lxieds l icxlogtieds y|l oix xl%s|jtiods cdfslftflds cde is fdssis l{}lctitg~is&

Cded a ol~l slx ol odefgd }hjgcd* d fdssd cj|hl lste|gtd i~ifiod fi cxgid oi s|i }x}xgi Iciolegi* d|txdsgfij y|l xl~lji i }xldc|}id ol* i cioi ifd* cxgixedshisls }ixi y|l d n|tlhdj od cj|hl slai }xdssgdfij l* eigsod y|l gssd* s|stlft~lj& Ds nx|tds olssi ~gsd a cdeliei niqlx%sl slftgx* cde i ly|g}i ol a|fgdxls i edstxix fdCie}ldfitd ]xd~gfcgij y|l tle n|t|xd* d y|l ~gxgi i cdf%xeix%sl cde i ogs}|ti oi fij od Cie}ldfitd Ficgdfijfd sl| }xgelgxd ifd* tdxfifod%sl ~gcl%cie}ld&

I tlxegfix* olslad hdis nxgis l nljgq y|ioxi nlstg~i itdoi i ly|g}i ol n|tlhdj l y|l tdods ~djtle fd }xgfc}gd od}x{ged ifd le }lxnlgtis cdfogls nsgcis l }sgcdjbgcis}ixi ia|oixle d gjif`|jd NC i j|tix cde bijkixogi }ljicdfslc|d ods sl|s dhalctg~ds& Ds olslads ~d i tdod dcdjlctg~d ol Ogxlcd* }itxdcgfiodxls* }ixclgxds* scgds lsge}itgqiftls&

E\G_D DHXGBIOD)


5/45

;&;, oisicls od Hxgstdj Cgtw* lstl~l le gjif |jd l ol| ndxtls sgfigs olgftlxlssl fi }ixclxgi&

Gstd l e|gtd eigs sd edtg~ds sdhlaielftl i}ltlc~lgs }ixi djlgtdx oljgcgix%sl cde lsti xl~gsti ol |e cj|hl y|l* i djkds ~gstds*lst i oix }issds hle +cd'elogods }ixi d sl| cxlscgelftd* sle slihijix cde edelftds ol cxgsl* }dxy|l i}xlfol|* clxtielftl* y|ld s|clssd itgfbl%sl* e|gtis ~lqls* cde d sdeitxgd ol io~lxsg%oiols& Ijgs* ds bxifols fi~lbiodxls ol~le i s|i xl}|tid idstle}dxigs l tle}lstiols* fd ~lxoiol4

Hdi sdxtl)

Gt gs i bxlit }jlis|xl ndx tkl logtdxgij tlie dn ^gjif`|jd eibiqgfl td}xlslft td tkl ogstgfb|gsklo }|hjgc tkl slcdfo logtgdf tkit cjdsls gf i

tgel gf rgtck tkl nddthijj fitgdfij ckie}gdfskg} gs lfogfb* rgtk tkl tlie

slc|xgfb i kgbklx scijl tkit gs td siw tkit gf 8=93 gt gs bdgfb td iccde%

}jgsk gts tkgxo cdfslc|tg~l }xlslfcl gf Ediehdji&

Gf tkgs logtgdf* tkl xliolx rgjj fo og~lxsl gfndxeitgdf ihd|t tkl cj|h*

rgtk edxl ndc|s df trd gftlx~glrs* dfl rgtk tkl flr cdick dn tkl eigf

tlie dn nddthijj* Ckgy|gfkd Cdfol* rkd s}li`s ihd|t tkl ognc|jtgls kl

niclo* ifo gf sg{ xd|fos* b|ixiftll ifo eigftigf tkl ljgtl xif`gfb dn tkl

nddthijj dn Edqiehgy|l ifo tkl elogcgfl kl |slo td d~lxcdel tkle&

Ckgy|gfkd Cdfol rkd kis a|st sgbflo i jdfb tlxe cdftxict +nl

wlixs' rgtk tkl eifiblelft dn tkl cj|h* gf tkl }lxs}lctg~l dn ei`gfb

i tlie ndx tkl n|t|xl ifo klj}* rgtk Kgs l{}lxglfcl* df h|gjogfb hisgs

ndx i s|stigfihjl ol~ljd}elft ifo ndx tkgs ifo dtklx xlisdfs* tkl nicl

dn tkl c|xxlft eibiqgfl& Ckgy|gfkd Cdfol gs oljgbktlo hw tkl cj|h ifohw tkl ~gjjibl ifo kl gs }xdegsgfb td s|}}dxt rgtk klixt ifo sd|j gf tkgs

iehgtgd|s ]xdalct&

_kl dtklx gftlx~glr gs rgtk ^gctdx Eiwiehi* rkd gs bdgfb td kdjo tkl

}dsgtgdf dn cddxogfitdx dn tkl gjif`|jd Iciolew NC& gctdx rgtk jixbl

l{}lxglfcl gf txigfgfb }xdalcts ifo ndx ki~gfb }isslo hw Eikij* Ici%

oegci* Cdsti od Sdj l Nlxxd~gxgd ol Ei}|td kl gs bdgfb td od|hjl

tkl tis`s* dfl dn rkgck gs ol}|tw cdick dn tkl slfgdx tlie * ki~gfb td xl%

tigf tkit tkl wd|fb cdick kis s|hstgt|tl tkl ndxelx cddxogfitdx* Xdbxgd

Eixgiffg* rkd gs bdgfb ndx i txigfgfb gf L|xd}l&

Sgfcl d|x egssgdf gs td skdr tkl edst rl cif ihd|t tkl cj|h* td tkl

issdcgitls* s|}}dxtlxs* ifo tkl }|hjgc gf blflxij tkit ndjjdr cjdsljw tkl

ictg~gtgls dn eixjgfs gf cde}ltgtg~l tlxes* is rljj is* tkl lnndxt td b|ixif%

tll gts s|stigfihjl ol~ljd}elft* gf tkgs logtgdf* tkl xliolx rgjj ijsd fo

dtklx xljl~ift gfndxeitgdf* fieljw1

tkl }xdegsgfb }lxndxeifcl dn a|fgdxs gf tkl }xd~gfcgij ckie}gdf%

skg} +ifo fitgdfij }ixtgcg}itgdf* rklxl rlxl fitgdfij ~gcl%ckie}gdfs'*

tkl gftxdo|ctgdf dn flr tgc`lts ndx tkl slisdf iooxlsslo ndx }|hjgc

slx~ifts* ogsihjlo }ld}jl* rdelf* st|olfts ifo ljolxs* tkl ji|fck dn

^gjif`|jd Cxlogt Cixo* tkl elehlxskg} dn Sisdj is i }ixtflx dn tkl cj|h&

_klxl gs i jgbkt gf tkl oix`flss +tklxl gs i kd}l' dn Hxgstdj Cgtw }ixtflx%

skg}* ndx tkl GG Lfbjgsk Jlib|l* rkdsl tkl eigf skixlkdjolx* Stl}klf

Jifsodrf* rgtk >;&;, skixls dn tkl Hxgstdj Cgtw* kio hllf gf gjif`|jd

ifo kis oledfstxitlo stxdfb gftlxlst gf tkgs }ixtflxskg}&

_kgs ifo e|ck edxl* ixl cijjgfb xlisdfs ndx tkl xliolx td ki~l i jdd`

it tkgs eibiqgfl dn i cj|h tkit* cjlixjw sllf* gs ti`gfb cixln|j stl}s ndx

gts bxdrtk* rgtkd|t nijjgfb gftd tle}titgdfs gf tkl edelfts dn cxgsgs* hl%

ci|sl kis jlixft* ifo clxtigfjw* s|cclss gs ickgl~lo gf edst dn tkl tgels*hw tkl riw rl d~lxcdel tkl ckijjlfbls& Bddo sigjdxs tkif` tklgx xl}|ti%

tgdf td stdxes ifo t|e|jts* gsft gt4Bddo j|c`)

Xlbgfijod C|ehifiLogtdx


8/45


CI]I

D cj|hl y|lx cxlsclxl l|Y|lxd cxlsclx cded cj|hl

Ckgy|gfkd Cdfol ~ig txihijkix l }isslix ol eixjgf id }lgtd* fisly|fcgi od cdftxitd ol cgfcd ifds issgfiod cde d ^gjif`|jdNC* cde eigs cgfcd ol d}d& D cj|hl hjgfod| d tcfgcd cde|ei cj|s|ji ol xlscgsd ol 3== egj ojixls* ~jgoi }ixi ly|g}islstxifblgxis y|l l~lft|ijelftl y|lgxie cdftxitix d txlgfiodx o|%xiftl i ~gbfcgi od cdftxitd& ]ixi cj|hls ficgdfigs* i cj|s|ji fd iccgdf~lj& I fdssi xl~gsti cdf~lxsd| cde d tcfgcd* y|l fds xlibl i lssl cdftxitd gfogtd* issge cded niq |e hijifd oi}dci l edstxi d sl| lfciftd }dx ^gjif`|jd&

Ckgy|gfkd Cdfol |e kdele nljgq cde i s|i sdxtl& I slgs adx%fiois od e od Ediehdji ndg cdf~goiod i s|hstgt|gx d tcfgcdIho|j Deix* f|ei ijt|xi le y|l i }xd~i dhslx~i~i |ei }ixi%ble }ixi oix j|bix xlijgqid oi [ Logd ods Adbds InxgcifdsEi}|td 8=99& Sihgi y|l lxi |e bxifol olsid* eis iclgtd|%d l*kdal* niq |e hijifd }dsgtg~d ois slgs adxfiois y|l lstg~lxie sdhs|i xls}dfsihgjgoiol&

D }xlsgolftl od cj|hl* Wissgf Ie|ag* y|l i}djdbgsti ol |ecxlscgelftd s|stlft~lj* ickd| tlx lfcdftxiod le Ckgy|gfkdCdfol i }lssdis clxti }ixi ia|o%jd i cdfstx|gx |ei ly|g}i odn|t|xd& Flssi }lxs}lctg~i nlq |ei }xd}dsti gfogti id iftgbd gf%tlxficgdfij ediehgcifd* fd slftgod ol issgfix |e cdftxitd oly|itxd ifds* cde eigs y|itxd ol d}d&

Sle }lstiflaix* Ckgy|gfkd iclgtd| l is }ixtls lstd nljgqls}dx }dolxle gfgcgix |e fd~d cgcjd y|l sl ls}lxi nii cxlsclxd ^gjif`|jd l is s|is blftls& Ijgs* Ckgy|gfkd ogq elsed lstix

niscgfiod cde d }xdalctd l icxlogti y|l ~ig ia|oix ^gjif`|jd icxlsclx l* }dx tihlji* ljl }x}xgd ~ig cxlsclx cde d cj|hl&

Sle eigs oljdfbis* ~ieds lftxl~gsti cde d l{%ci}gtd odsEiehis* y|l fds sl|s ~lxols ifds oi cixxlgxi ol txlgfiodx y|ljkl qlxie lscijix d Ols}dxtg~d* d Ei{iy|lfl l d Nlxxd~gxgd olEi}|td a ndg cie}ld l ~lfclodx oi _ii ol Ediehgy|l l

oi S|}lxtii&

FD GEIBGFI I Y\L SLXGI _D OGNCGJ ISSGE

\ei ~gtxgi fi jtgei adxfioi od Ediehdji* }dx sgfij itlxclgxi cdfslc|tg~i& Fd ki~lxgi eljkdx eiflgxi ol tlxegfix i}dci

Sle o~goi* sdhxlt|od ol}dgs ol |e }lxdod cdft|xhiod}ixi d cj|hl l }ixi ds adbiodxls* y|l ~gfkie ol txs txlgfiodxlscde eltdodjdbgis ol txlgfd cde}jltielftl ognlxlftls& Gssd cdf%n|fog| e|gtd ids itjltis l fd ia|od| e|gtd }ixi y|l tg~ssleds|e cie}ldfitd txify|gjd& D ^gjif`|jd |ei ly|g}i ad~le& Fi}dci }issioi ndg cdfsgolxiod ly|g}i xl~ljid* ndg fijgsti oi_ii l sl fd lstd| le lxxd tlxegfd| cde 3? }dftds* le stgedl lxi egfki edtg~id }ixtgc|jix tlftix cklbix ol fd~d fij oi_ii& Gfnljgqelftl fd cdfslb|geds& Ol}dgs }igxd| i golgi* fdelgd ol t|od gssd* ol y|l d ^gjif`|jd }dolxgi olsclx ol Og~gsdol}dgs oiy|lji txs olxxdtis cdfslc|tg~is* d y|l el{l| e|gtdcde i lstx|t|xi od cj|hl l cde i ly|g}i* eis ds adbiodxls olxie|ei hdi xls}dsti l cdfslb|geds bifkix ds txs jtgeds adbds lbixiftgx i eif|tlfd* s|}lxifod* gfcj|sg~ielftl* ds 3? }dftdsoi }dci }issioi&

Y|ifod d Ckgy|gfkd ndg cdf~goiod i slgs adxfiois od e

geibgfi~i y|l d bxi| ol ogc|joiol slxgi issge td gftlfsd4

Fd& Sgfclxielftl fd& A cdfklcgi i ly|g}i od ^gjif`|%

jd l lsti~i cdf~gctd ol y|l }dolxgi niqlx |e cie}ldfitd eigstxify|gjd* eis y|lstls ol nx|e gftlxfd d| l{txi n|tlhdj cdf%txgh|xie }ixi y|l is cdgsis fd lstg~lssle e|gtd hle& Kd|~ltdoi |ei gftxify|gjgoiol }sgcdjbgci y|l gf~iog| d bx|}d ol txi%

hijkd l y|l fd ia|od| e|gtd }ixi y|l d }jiftlj lstg~lssl slxlfd*cde i ibxi~iftl ol y|l d elsed lxi e|gtd xlo|qgod* cde 88


9/45

7


CI]I

adbiodxls* ods y|igs txs lxie b|ixoi%xlols* }dxtiftd cde }d|cisd}ls }ixi d txlgfiodx& Ol}dgs kd|~l |e xde}gelftd tdtij oi%y|gjd y|l lxie is eltdodjdbgis ol txlgfd l ds adbiodxls tg~lxiey|l niqlx e|gtd lsndxd }ixi issgegjix i egfki eltdodjdbgi oltxlgfd* ol cdfcl}d od adbd* lfe* }xdclssds y|l jl~ie sle}xlijb|e tle}d& Eis fd e ceds tdods sitgsnlgtds }dxy|l cdf%slb|geds iy|gjd y|l lxie ds fdssds dhalctg~ds }xgfcg}igs* y|l

}issi~ie }lji eif|tlfd l s|}lxid oi }dft|id od ifd }is%siod&

D nictd ol fd tlx }dogod xlndxix i ly|g}i* oioi i ijt|xi

le y|l cklbd|* adbd| tiehe |e }i}lj flbitg~d* fd4

Sge* }dxy|l sle}xl ogncgj |e txlgfiodx jgoix cde adbi%

odxls y|l fd cdfklcl* eis tg~l i sdxtl ol tlx |e }lxdod ol ?* cde d}d xlf%d~ix }dx eigs cgfcd ifds& Cded ifijgsi lstl cdf~gtl y|l d

^gjif`|jd NC jkl ndxe|jd|* sdhxlt|od fds tlxeds le y|l ljl

ndg nlgtd4

]xgelgxd ol~d ogqlx y|l |ei }xd}dsti gfogti fd n|tlhdjediehgcifd& Ogcgjelftl ds cj|hls te i }lxcl}d ol niqlx|e cdftxitd i jdfbd }xiqd cde |e txlgfiodx ad~le& Gstd sgbfgciy|l d cj|hl }xltlfol cxlsclx l l| tiehe }xltlfod cxlsclx cded cj|hl& K |ei le}itgi e|gtd bxifol lftxl ege l d }xlsgolftl

od cj|hl l cded tij fd }lfslg o|is ~lqls }ixi iclgtix d olsid&I ~gji lst i cxlsclx* sdhxlt|od }dx slx |ei ~gji t|xstgci* l dcj|hl }xlcgsi ol icde}ifkix lssl cxlscgelftd& D }xlsgolftl y|lxcxlsclx i }issds slb|xds l l| lstd| cdf~lfcgossged y|l gxledscde cijei l txify|gjgoiol }dtlfcgix ds adbiodxls od ^gjif`|jd&

Gssd n|foielftij Ol nictd& }xlcgsd i}dstix fi ndxeid l ~ieds gftxdo|qgf%

od* }i|jitgfielftl* adbiodxls ol ^gjif`|jd }dxy|l n|foielf%tij i ~gji tlx adbiodxls fiscgods iy|g }ixi slftgxle i ciegsdji&Ogbd gstd }dxy|l i eigdx }ixtl ods adbiodxls sd dxg|fods old|txis }xd~fcgis* d y|l ogc|jti |e }d|cd i golftgoiol od cj|hl&Igfoi hle y|l d ^gjif`|jd lst i cxgix hisls }ixi tlx |ei ici%

olegi* }dxy|l gssd ~ig }lxegtgx y|l* }i|jitgfielftl* olsc|hxi%eds ad~lfs tijlftds ol ^gjif`|jd* y|l slxd txihijkiods l jifi%ods& ]i|jitgfielftl* gstd ~ig xlo|qgx i ol}lfofcgi ol adbiodxlsle}xlstiods& D ^gjif`|jd tlx ds sl|s }x}xgds adbiodxls* le%

hdxi gssd fd sgbfgy|l y|l ~ig olg{ix ol cde}xix& |e lfdxelolsid& Lstd| sitgsnlgtd cde ljl l ~d| lftxix lf~dj~god ol cdx}d


10/45


l ijei& L| xlclhg cdf~gtls ol d|txds cj|hls* eis lstd| i bdstixoi l{}lxgfcgi ol ^gjif`|jd l lstd| niscgfiod& Lstd| hle iy|g&]doleds niqlx cdgsis hdfgtis l s|x}xllfolx e|gti blftl&

]dxtiftd* icxlogti y|l d gjif`|jd* y|l }x{ged ~ig lftxix fdtlxclgxd ifd cdfslc|tg~d fd Ediehdji* ~lgd }ixi cix l tle |en|t|xd xgsdfkd

Icxlogtd e|gtd& Icxlogtd fd cj|hl* fds adbiodxls y|l lstd

iy|g l d|txds y|l ~gxd }ixi ^gjif`|jd& Le xljid ids y|l kd%ol ~gx ol~le lstix cdfscglftls y|l ~gxd iy|g }ixi txihijkix* }ixioix d e{ged oljls* }dtlfcgixle iy|gjd y|l te ol hde l oleljkdx }ixi lfijtlclxle lsti }xd~fcgi l lsti ~gji* }dxy|l i eltii hxl~l txlckd cklbix ids j|bixls cgelgxds od Ediehdji&

Y|l slctdxls d Ckgy|gfkd Cdfol ~ig }xg~gjlbgix le tlx%eds ol xlndxds4

n|foielftij }lfsix y|l i ly|g}i nlgti ol txs }ixi nxlftl&Fs tg~leds e|gtds }xdhjleis fi olnlfsg~i* oi y|l tlfkiedssdnxgod e|gtds bdjds& Le 8> adbds i ly|g}i nlq 8> bdjds l sdnxl|8?* slfod ol xlijix y|l fds jtgeds txs adbds fd sdnxl|& Lftd*i }ixtgx olstls oiods tlxlg y|l ly|gjghxix d slctdx olnlfsg~d& Eisol |ei ndxei blxij ~d i}ixlclx fd~ds b|ixoi%xlols* fd~ds ol%

nlsis* eogds l i~ifiods* ol }xlnlxfcgi ad~lfs l cde hdi eix%ble ol }xdbxlssd& D el| bxifol olsid ~ig slx ol }dtlfcgixlssls adbiodxls& Y|lxd y|l f|e c|xtd ls}id ol tle}d ljls slniegjgixgqle cde i egfki eiflgxi ol txihijkix* cde i egfkicdfcl}d od adbd }ixi y|l* ol nictd* fs }dssieds jl~ix lstl

hixcd i hde }dxtd&

SD\ \E _XLGFIODX HIS_IF_L IEHGCGDSD

Ogq y|l ds adbiodxls te* sdhxlt|od* y|l sl niegjgixgqixcde i s|i ndxei ol txihijkix l ol cdfcl}d od adbd& Cded y|l d Ckgy|gfkd bdsti ol txihijkix4

Bdstd ol adbix le txs sgstleis1 ?{8{3{9* ?{3{3 l ?{9{3{8&Fs ~ieds |six n|foielftijelftl lssls sgstleis* eis ~iedstxihijkix eigs fd ?{3{3 l* ijtlxfitg~ielftl* fd ?{8{3{9& D d|txd|sixleds xixielftl& ]dxtiftd* ~ieds }dtlfcgix eigs ds l{txl%eds* adbifod cde |e }g~dt olnlfsg~d l |e }dfti%ol%jifi&

Cded ndg {iod d f~lj ol }xdbxlssd ods dhalctg~ds flsti

}xgelgxi jl~i od cdftxitd4

Fs ~ieds cdfstx|gx i ly|g}i }i|jitgfielftl l fd }xgelgxdifd fd }doleds lstix ihig{d od stged j|bix& Ol}dgs ~ieds

}xdc|xix s|hgx* fd slftgod ol it 8=9< j|tixeds }ljds tt|jds& Eisl| sd| |e txlgfiodx iehgcgdsd* }ljd y|l i }ixtgx od }x{ged ifd~d| tlftix niqlx d eljkdx }dss~lj& Sl ds adbiodxls y|l lstd fdsel|s }jifds }|olxle slx cdftxitiods* lstd| cdf~lfcgod ol y|l

gxleds niqlx |e hde cie}ldfitd& ]dxtiftd* cde|fbi oi i}dsti ixxdaioi od }xlsgolftl fd slf%tgod ol sl }dolx cklbix id tt|jd i hxl~l txlckd

Cde|fbd& hde tlx lssi }lxs}lctg~i ol bifkix& L| y|l%xd gfc|tgx fds el|s adbiodxls i flclssgoiol ol bifkix sle}xl&Elsed i nlgals tleds y|l bifkix& Lssl ls}xgtd fiscl%sl cdeljl* i}xlfol%sl l c|jtg~i%sl& D ls}xgtd bifkiodx niq hle& D cj|hllst i c|jtg~ix lssl khgtd ol bifkix l fis cdf~lxsis y|l tlfkdtgod cde d }xlsgolftl sgftd lssi }xldc|}id& A hde y|l d

}xlsgolftl tle lssi }dst|xi* eis }xlcgsd y|l tdoi i lstx|t|xiod cj|hl icde}ifkl lssi c|jt|xi* }ixi y|l d cj|hl cxlsi& Ky|l txihijkix cde }xdssgdfijgsed }ixi ijcifixeds is fdssiseltis&

\ei jtgei }iji~xi i eissi issdcgitg~i* }dx sgfij ois }d|cisy|l sle}xl lfckle ds cie}ds&

]xgelgxd d el| e|gtd dhxgbiod }ljd i}dgd l }lji }dst|xicde d }hjgcd ol gjif`|jd icde}ifkd| i ly|g}i flstl Edie%

hdji& F|fci ~g fi x|i d| fd cie}d |ei itgt|ol elfds hdi odsiol}tds }ixi cde ds adbiodxls d| ly|g}i tcfgci& Iftls }ljd cdf%txxgd sle}xl gfclftg~ixie%fds* sle}xl i}dgixie%fds& ^ig |e

}logod }ixi y|l cdftgf|leds |fgods }ixi }dolxeds citi}|jtix dcj|hl l slxeds |ei ly|g}i ndxtl& ^gjif`|jd |ei ~gji }ly|lfil y|l e|gtds ods xlsgolftls sd iol}tds ol d|txis ly|g}is* eis n|foielftij y|l sle}xl y|l i ly|g}i adbi iy|g tdods ~gstie iciegsdji od gjif`|jd }ixi i ~ijdxgqid oi ~gji& Fs ds tcfgcds

l adbiodxls nixleds t|od d y|l lstg~lx id fdssd ijcifcl }ixi lj%l~ixeds hle ijtd d fdel ol ^gjif`|jd&

CI]I


11/45

99


CD^LX _KLEL

_kl cj|h rifts td

bxdr ifo

g rift td bxdr rgtk gt

Ckgy|gfkd Cdfol gs bdgfb td rdx` ifo ti`l i rij` rgtk eixjgf gf tkl

klixt* hlci|sl dn tkl nl wlixs cdftxict tkit kis sgbflo rgtk ^gjif`|jd

NC* rgtk edxl nl d}tgdfij wlixs& _kl cj|h kis xlrixolo tkl cdick rgtki tlxegfitgdf ixtgcjl dn 3== tkd|sifo odjjixs* ~ijgo ndx ndxlgbf tlies tkit

eiw l~lft|ijjw rift td kgxl tkl cdick o|xgfb tkl cd|xsl dn tkgs cdftict&

Ndx fitgdfij cj|hs* tkl ixtgcjl gs fdt ~ijgo& D|x eibiqgfl kis s}d`lf

td tkl cdick* rkd odls fdt dfjw xls}dfo td tkgs fd~lj cdftxict* kl ijsd

}xd~gols tkl s|eeixw dn tkl slisdf ifo skdrs Kgs oljgbkt hw gjif`|jd&

Ckgy|gfkd Cdfol gs i ki}}w j|c`w eif& Egssgfb sg{ xd|fos td tkl lfo

dn Ediehdji kl ris gf~gtlo td ti`l d~lx tkl cdick Iho|j Deix* gf i }l%

xgdo rklxl tkl eitckls kio std}}lo td bg~l }jicl td tkl ittigfelft dn tkl

[ Logtgdf dn Inxgcif Biels& Kl `flr gt ris i hgb ckijjlfbl* kdrl~lx* kl

iccl}tlo ifo* tdoiw* kl gs ei`gfb i }dsgtg~l hijifcl dn tkl sg{ xd|fos tkit

rlxl |folx kgs xls}dfsghgjgtw& Kl tkgf`s kl elt gf kge tkl xgbkt }ld}jl td

klj} td h|gjo |} i tlie ndx tkl n|t|xl&

_kl }xlsgolft dn tkl cj|h* Wissgf Ie|ag* rkd s|}}dxts i s|stigfihjl ol%~ljd}elft* kl hljgl~ls kl kis kgxlo tkl xgbkt }lxsdf td klj} kge td h|gjo

|} i tlie ndx tkl n|t|xl& Gf tkgs xls}lct* kl eiol i fd~lj }xd}dsij td tkl

ndxelx Edqiehgcif Gftlxfitgdfij* sd tkit kl sgbfs i cdftxict dn nl wlixs

rgtk edxl nd|x d}tgdfij wlixs&

Rgtkd|t hjgf`gfb* Ckgy|gfkd iccl}tlo ifo tkl }ixts ixl ki}}w td hlbgf

i flr slisdf rkgck gs l{}lctlo td ei`l ^gjif`|jd bxdr ifo gts }ld}jl&

Ckgy|gfkd siws tkit gs niscgfitlo hw tkl ]xdalct ifo kl hljgl~ls tkit rgjj

klj} gjif`|jd td bxdr ifo* gfogxlctjw kl rgjj ijsd bxdr rgtk tkl cj|h&

Rgtkd|t oljiw* jlts ed~l dftd tkl gftlx~glr rgtk tkl l{%ci}tigf dn

Eiehis* rkd gf Kgs bxllf wlixs gf tkl cixxglx dn cdick rkgck eiol

kge scijl |} gf Ols}dxtg~d* Ei{iy|lfl ifo Nlxxd~gxgd ol Ei}|td kl

ris ckie}gdf ifo rgfflx dn tkl C|} dn Edqiehgy|l ifo tkl s|}lx c|}&

WD\ OGO FD_ GEIBGFL G_ RD\JO HL SD OGNNGC\J_ JG@L_KGS

I ~gctdxw gf tkl jist xd|fo dn Ediehdji* s|x}xgsgfbjw ndx tkl tkgxo

cdfslc|tg~l tgel& Risft tklxl ifw dtklx riw td oltlxegfl tkl slisdf

Rgtkd|t od|ht* eigfjw intlx i ~lxw ognc|jt }lxgdo ndx tkl cj|h ifo

ndx tkl }jiwlxs* rkd rlxl olijgfb rgtk cdickls rgtk cde}jltljw ognnlxlft

txigfgfb eltkdodjdbgls& _kit cdfn|slo tkl itkjltls ifo gt ogo fdt klj} i

jdt gf dxolx td ki~l i bddo ckie}gdfskg}& ^gjif`|jd gs i wd|fb tlie& Gftkl jist slisdf gt ris cdfsgolxlo tlie xl~ljitgdf* gt ris fijgst dn tkl c|}

ifo gn G ie fdt egsti`lf* lfolo rgtk 3? }dgfts* df tkl sl~lftk }dsgtgdf

ifo tkit ris ew }ixtgc|jix edtg~itgdf td txw td lftlx ibigf td tkl fij dn

tkl c|}& \fndxt|fitljw rl ogo fdt s|ccllo& Intlx tkit* tklxl rlxl x|ed|xs

ihd|t tkl }dssghgjgtw dn ^gjif`|jd bdgfb odrf dn tkl og~gsgdf intlx tkdsl

tkxll cdfslc|tg~l olnlit* rkit gftxdo|clo i jdt dn ckifbls gf tkl cj|h ifo

gf tkl tlie* h|t tkl }jiwlxs kio bg~lf bddo xls|jts ifo s|ccllo td rgf

tkl tkxll jist biels ifo b|ixiftll tkl eigftlfifcl* d~lxcdegfb* l{cj|%

sg~ljw* tkl 3? }dgfts dn tkl jist slisdf&

Rklf wd| rlxl gf~gtlo egssgfb sg{ xd|fos td tkl lfo* ogo wd| geib%

gfl tkit tkl jl~lj dn ckijjlfbls rd|jo hl edxl gftlfsl4

Fd& Nxif`jw s}li`gfb* fd& G ijxliow `flr tkl tlie dn gjif`|jd ifo G

ris s|xl tkit G rd|jo od i txify|gj ckie}gdfskg}* h|t gss|ls dn gftlxfij

dx l{tlxfij nddthijj ndx|es ki~l cdftxgh|tlo gf i slfsl tkit tkgfbs ogofdt bd ~lxw rljj& _klw rlxl ijj }swckdjdbgcijjw txify|gj tkit innlctlo ijj

tkl rdx`gfb bxd|} ifo gt ogo fdt klj} i jdt tkl }jiwlxs td hl cije* gf tkl

rdxsl sgt|itgdf* tklw rlxl gf skdxt f|ehlx* rgtk 88 }jiwlxs* rklxl tkxll

rlxl bdij`ll}lxs* sd rgtk jlss d}tgdfs ndx tkl cdick& Intlx tkit ris i

tdtij hxli` gf tkl cdickgfb eltkdodjdbgls ifo tkl }jiwlxs kio td ei`l

l~lxw lnndxt td |folxstifo ew cdickgfb eltkdodjdbw* tkl cdfcl}tgdf dn

tkl biel* ifwriw* i }xdclss tkit ijriws ti`ls sdel tgel& H|t it tkl lfo

rl rlxl ijj ki}}w hlci|sl rl s|ccllo td ickgl~l d|x eigf bdijs* rkgck

cdfsgstlo dn eigftigfgfb ifo d~lxcdel tkl scdxl dn tkl jist wlix&

_kl nict dn fdt ki~gfb i }dssghgjgtw td xly|gxl tkl xlgfndxclelft dn

tkl tlie* ti`gfb gftd cdfsgolxitgdf tkl tgel wd| ixxg~lo* ki~l }jiwlo i

rxdfb xdjl4

Wls* gts ijriws ognc|jt ndx i cdick td olij rgtk }jiwlxs kl odlsft

`fdr* h|t G ris j|c`w td ki~l i }lxgdo dn ?< td blt td `fdr tkle* dfcltkl cde}ltgtgdfs kio std}}lo& Sd* tklsl oiws rlxl fdt lfd|bk td golftgnw

ewsljn rgtk tkle ifo tklw golftgnw tkleslj~ls rgtk el& G flr sdel }jiw%

lxs tkit kio ijxliow rdx`lo rgtk el* tkits tkl cisl dn Aigegtd* Eitjdehl

ifo Njg{* tkgs jist trd kio hllf }|t gf tkl eix`lt hw el sgfcl a|fgdx

dn Ei{iy|lfl* h|t ols}gtl tkit* eifw wlixs ki~l }isslo ifo* is G sigo*


12/45


tklxl ris i hxli`gfb gf tkl cdickgfb eltkdodjdbw& Dh~gd|sjw* fdt hlgfb

rgtk }jiwlxs rkd G tx|st* rkdsl `fdr tkl riw G rdx`* l~lxwtkgfb ris

cde}jgcitlo& Ols}gtl tkl nict* ris i bddo l{}lxglfcl ifo rl d~lxciel

tkl ckijjlfbls&

_KL S\]]DX_ DN _KL ]XLSGOLF_ RIS OL_LXEGFI_G^L

Gf tkgs slisdf* rkit rli}dfs ki~l wd| |slo td nicl tkl io~lxsgtgls4

Ngxst G kio td cd|ft rgtk tkl slfsgtg~gtw dn tkl }xlsgolft* rkd gs if

d}lf }lxsdf& Kl jlt el hxgfb i wd|fb cdick td rdx` is ew ol}|tw& Bi~l

}lxegssgdf td xlcx|gt i txigflx dn bdij `ll}lxs* sdeltkgfb tkit odls fdt

l{gst klxl h|t gs ge}dxtift* hlci|sl tkl bdij `ll}lxs kdjo i s}lcgc }dsg%

tgdf ifo tklw e|st hl txigflo hw sdeldfl rkd `fdrs tkl s}lcgc cdick%

gfb ndx tkle& Rgtk tkgs l{cl}tgdfij s|}}dxt dn tkl }xlsgolft* kgs niegjw ifo

ijj wd|fb hdow dn tkl cj|h ifo rgtk e|ck rgjj td rdx` rl ogo d|x adh iforl bxlr& Sd* tkgs s|}}dxt kis lflxbgslo el ifo td tkl tlie* ifo hdtk* rl

bi~l ijj ndx tkl cj|h&

Intlx i hio stixt gf wd|x lxi* ogoft wd| nlix i tdtij nigj|xl tkit

rd|jo }|t wd|x fiel gf oifblx4

Nxif`jw s}li`gfb* fd& G ris ifo G ie irixl tkit }ld}jl rlxl |slo

td sll Ckgy|gfkd Cdfol gf Ols}dxtg~d* Ei{iy|lfl ifo Nlxxd~gxgd ol

Ei}|td* hisgcijjw* gf hgb cj|hs* }jicls rklxl G ijsd rdf sdel tgtjls& G

ris fitgdfij ckie}gdf* rgfflx dn Edqiehgcif C|}* rgfflx dn s|}lx c|}

ifo l~lxwtkgfb tkit kio td hl rdf gf Nlxxd~gxgd* ifo dh~gd|sjw* gt ris i

hgb s|x}xgsl ndx eifw }ld}jl rkd sir Ckgy|gfkd d}tgfb ndx gjif`|jd* i

flr cj|h* rgtk dfjw trd wlixs gf Ediehdji& H|t tkxd|bk ijj tkgs }xdclss

G ki~l jlixft tkit rl ki~l ijriws txw td rgf* hisgcijjw gf sgt|itgdfs tkit

}ld}jl jlss l{}lct& _kit ris tkl edtg~itgdf tkit jlo el td lehxicl tkgs

}xdalct* l~lf `fdrgfb tkit G ris xliow td hic` td ]dxt|bij cjdsl td ewniegjw&

Sd* ris gt rdxtkrkgjl ndx wd| ndx ki~gfb ti`lf s|ck olcgsgdf4

Wls& Gts i flr l{}lxglfcl& G `flr ognnlxlft }ld}jl tkit nd|bkt ndx i

ognnlxlft ]xdalct dn tkl cj|hs rklxl tklw rlxl rdx`gfb ifo G hljgl~l tkit

tkgs hlki~gd|x lfxgckls i cdick& Is gf tkl }ist* G klxl txglo td d~lxcdel

ew ci}icgtgls ifo jgegts& G jg`l td jlixf l~lxwoiw ifo klxl* G ki~l jlixft i

jdt& _doiw G nllj i stxdfblx cdick tkif hlndxl ifo tkit kis fd }xgcl ndx el&

NG^L%WLIX FD^LJ CDF_XIC_

Wd| xlflrlo i cdftxict tkit l{tlfos td 8=9>* kdr od wd| nllj ihd|t

tkgs dnnlx tkit ^gjif`|jd NC }xd}dslo wd|* }ixtgc|jixjw rgtk xlbixo td

tkl tlxes |folxjwgfb gt4

Ngxst G skd|jo siw tkit gt gs if |f|s|ij }xd}dsij gf d|x cdftl{t& _kl

cj|hs kixojw dnnlx s|ck i jdfb%tlxe cdftxict rgtk i wd|fb cdick& _kgs gsi cjlix sgbf tkit tkl cj|h gs rgjjgfb td bxdr }xdnlssgdfijjw ifo G rgjj bxdr

ijdfbsgol gt& G ki~l i bddo xljitgdfskg} rgtk tkl }xlsgolft dn tkl cj|h ifo

ndx tkit xlisdf G iccl}tlo tkl dnnlx ndxtkrgtk& _kl ~gjjibl gs ol~ljd}gfb*

eigfjw o|l td gts td|xgstgc ittxictgdf* ifo tkl cj|h fllos td ndjjdr s|gt&

_kl }xlsgolft fllos td lfs|xl i sinl bxdrtk ifo G |fod|htlojw cdf~gfclo

tkit tdbltklx rl rgjj* ~lxw seddtkjw* lfkifcl tkl s`gjjs dn gts sdcclx }jiw%

lxs&

_kit gs n|foielftij

Olfgtljw& Gt gs ihsdj|tljw flclssixw td ndc|s df tkl txigfgfb dn }jiw%

lxs* ifo tklf rl rgjj bxio|ijjw kgxl jdcij }jiwlxs hlci|sl rl nllj tkit gt

gs cx|cgij td ijjdr }jiwlxs rkd rlxl hdxf jdcijjw sd tkit tklw rgjj hlix i

slfsl dn hljdfbgfb& G siw sd hlci|sl tkl bxlit h|j` dn }jiwlxs gs nxde dtklx

}xd~gfcls* i nict tkit gs kdstgjl td tkl golftgtw dn tkl cj|h& Gt gs i bddo tkgfb

tkit tkl cj|h |folxti`gfb td drf if iciolew hlci|sl tkit rgjj* sjdrjw*ijjdr |s td s}dt tijlftlo jdcij }jiwlxs rkd rgjj hl rljj txigflo ifo bg~lf

d}}dxt|fgtw td }jiw& _kit rgjj bxio|ijjw xlo|cl tkl ol}lfolfcw df hdx%

xdrlo }jiwlxs& ^gjif`|jd Cj|h rgjj drf gts drf }jiwlxs* ijtkd|bk tkit

rgjj fdt }|t if lfo td flr cdftxicts& Gt gs i k|bl ckijjlfbl& G nllj bddo

ihd|t tkl cj|h ifo G rgjj n|jjw ol~dtl td gt& G ris ijsd gf~gtlo hw dtklx

cj|hs* h|t G ie hdtk ge}xlsslo niscgfitlo rgtk ^gjif`|jds l{}lxglfcl&

G nllj bddo klxl& Rl ixl ci}ihjl dn ickgl~gfb bddo xls|jts ifo ge}xlss

eifw }ld}jl&

Wd|* tklxlndxl* xejw hljgl~l tkit ^gjif`|jd* rkgck ndx tkl tkgxo cdf%

slc|tg~l wlix rgjj cde}ltl gf Ediehdji* rgjj stiw }|t gf gt ifo rgjj ki~l

i hxgbktlx n|t|xl

G ~lxw e|ck hljgl~l sd& G hljgl~l gf tkl cj|h* gf tkl fdr }xlslft }jiw%

lxs ifo tkl ndxtkcdegfb dfls& Rgtk xlbixo td tkl wlt td cdel }jiwlxs* tklw

skd|jo hlix gf egfo tkit tklw rgjj hl cdegfb klxl ndx kixo rdx`* td bg~l

tklgx hlst* td lfkifcl tkl s`gjjs tklw ijxliow ki~l is rljj is td kdfdx tkgs

}xd~gfcl ifo tkgs ~gjjibl* ndx d|x skdxt%tlxe bdij gs xlick tkl kgbk xif`%

gfb }dsgtgdfs dn Ediehdji&

Rkit ljo }dsgtgdfs cijj ndx edxl ittlftgdf gf tlxes dn xlgfndxcl%

elfts4 Gt gs cx|cgij td fdtl tkit i tlie gs slt nxde tkl hic` nxdftrixos& Rl

kio i jdt dn }xdhjles it tkl hic` rkgck iccd|fts ndx if irn|j jdt dn bdijs

rlxl s|nnlxlo& D|t dn tkl 8> eitckls d|x tlie scdxlo 8> bdijs ifo s|n%

nlxlo 8?* fdtgfb tkit gf tkl jist tkxll eitckls rl s|nnlxlo fdfl& A|obgfb

nxde tklsl nicts* G rgjj ki~l td stxlfbtklf tkl hic`ljo& Gf d~lxijj* flr

bdij `ll}lxs* olnlfsg~l }jiwlxs* egoljolxs ifo ittic`lxs rgjj lelxbl*

}xlnlxihjw wd|fb }jiwlxs rgtk i bddo }xdbxlssgdf xitl& Ew bxlitlst ckij%

jlfbl gs td le}drlx tkdsl }jiwlxs& Gf skdxt%tlxe* G rift tkle td ioi}t td

ew txigfgfb eltkdos* td cd}w rgtk tkl riw G slt tkl biel* sd is td ittigf

bddo xls|jts&

G IE I ^LXW IEHG_GD\S CDICK

Rklf wd| siw tkit tkl }jiwlxs ki~l td ioi}t td wd|x txigfgfb eltk%

dos* is rljj is td cd}w rgtk tkl riw wd| slt tkl biel* kdr od wd| l{ictjwjg`l td rdx`4

G jg`l td }jiw gf tkxll stxitlbgls1 ?{8{3{9* ?{3{3 l ?{9{3{8& Rl rgjj

hisgcijjw |sl tklsl tkxll stxitlbgls* h|t edxl nxly|lftjw rgtk tkl ?{3{3

ifo rgtk tkl ?{8{3{9 is if ijtlxfitg~l& _kl ?{9{3{8 rgjj hixljw hl |slo&

Rl rgjj* tklxlndxl* hddst tkl lfos }jiwgfb rgtk i olnlfsg~l }g~dt ifo dfl

ittic`lx&

Kdr gs tkl cdftxicts bdijs bxiolo gf tkgs xst xd|fo dn tkl cdftxict4

Rl rgjj* bxio|ijjw* h|gjo |} i tlie ijdfb tkl xst wlix igegfb td stgc`

gf tkl td} sl~lf tlies& _klf rl rgjj `ll} |} stxibbjgfb ndx tkl }dog|e

|ftgj 8=9


13/45

93


XLICD

Ckgy|gfkd lfcig{i%sl fdsfdssds }xdalctds

Ckgy|gfkd ts td d|x

}xdalcts

Cde ~gsti i l{}jgcix is edtg~ils y|l lstg~lxie }dx oltxs oi issgfit|xi ol|e cdftxitd ol jdfbd tlxed cde Ckgy|gfkd Cdfol* Wissgf Ie|ag* }itxdfd odcj|hl* tl~l |ei hxl~l cdf~lxsi cde i fdssi xl}dxtible&

Icihi ol xlfd~ix d cdftxitd cde d tcfgcd Ckgy|gfkd Cdfol }dx cgfcdifds* cde eigs cgfcd ol d}d& Sgbfgci cjixielftl y|l lst sitgsnlgtd cde d

txihijkd nlgtd }dx ljl fi }dfti fij od cie}ldfitd4

Cde clxtlqi y|l lstieds sitgsnlgtds cde d txihijkd xlijgqiod* Ckgy|gfkdlfy|ioxd|%sl }lxnlgtielftl fd fdssd }xdalctd n|t|xgsti&

Y|ij ndg i edtg~id }ixi x|hxgcix lstl cdftxitd gfogtd cde Ckgy|gfkd

Cdfol4

I }xgelgxi edtg~id ndg }dx ljl slx |e txlgfiodx geible od gjif |jd NC&Fs lstieds i cdfstx|gx |e cj|hl gfd~iodx l k|egjol l d Ckgy|gfkd lfy|ioxi%sl}lxnlgtielftl fiy|gjd y|l sd ds fdssds }xdalctds& Ijgs* ljl tiehe sihl }lx%nlgtielftl }dx y|l y|l iclgtd| lstl olsid& Le gjif`|jd ljl fd s lfcdftxd|ogxgblftls ols}dxtg~ds ad~lfs* cded tiehe |ei niejgi y|l txihijki le tdxfdod cj|hl& _dods ds ogxgblftls* n|fcgdfxgds l cdjihdxiodxls olstl cj|hl n|fcgd%

fie cded |ei niejgi fgci l |fgoi l y|lxleds txifsegtgx gstd id }is& Y|lxl%eds iol}tds od Xd~|ei id Ei}|td }ixi sl a|ftixle i lsti fdssi niejgi y|l stxiq gfd~ils fd n|tlhdj ediehgcifd&

I ly|g}i tcfgci slx xlndxioi* d| ~ig slx i elsei4

ieds cdftgf|ix cde d gctdx cded ioa|ftd l d Lnxigel cded txlgfiodx olb|ixoi%xlols& Fioi ~ig e|oix& Icxlogtieds y|l a tleds ds txlgfiodxls goligsy|l }xdc|x~ieds&

Y|l hijifd niq oi }dci y|l icihd| ol tlxegfix4

Fd cie}ldfitd ndg }dsgtg~d& Cdfy|gsteds eigs |e }dftd y|l fi }dci }is%sioi* i}lsix ol y|l }dolxieds tlx nlgtd eigs& Fi tii cieds dfol fd ol~iedstlx ciod* fds y|ixtds%ol%fij* eis sl it d Eifcklstlx \fgtlo ljgegfiod fdsy|ixtds%ol%fij o|ei tii* y|le sdeds fs* sd cdgsis od n|tlhdj&

Le tlxeds ol eltis* le y|l lstbgd y|lx ~lx d ^gjif |jd NC it id e

oi ~gbfcgi od cdftxitd ol Ckgy|gfkd Cdfol4

D cdftxitd lst cjixd& Fd k }xlssd }ixi d txlgfiodx& _lx tdod d tle}d

}ixi le 8=9? cdjdcix lstl cj|hl cded |e ods bxifols od Ediehdji& I f~ljol blstd ols}dxtg~i a }xd~eds y|l sdeds bxifols* nijtifod* ibdxi* oledfstxixgssd olftxd ois y|itxd jgfkis& Sl Ol|s y|gslx* le 8=9? j|tixleds }ljd tt|jd& |e}xdclssd l |e txihijkd y|l lst i slx nlgtd cde tdoi i ci|tlji }dss~lj&

Gf dxolx td iccd|ft ndx tkl xlisdfs hlkgfo tkl sgbfit|xl dn i jdfb%tlxe cdftxictrgtk Ckgy|gfkd Cdfol* Wissgf Ie|ag* tkl drflx dn tkl cj|h* kljo i skdxt hxglfb

rgtk d|x cxlr&

Wd| ki~l a|st xlflrlo i ~l%wlix cdftxict rgtk Ckgy|gfkd Cdfol* rgtk ~l

edxl d}tgdfij wlixs& Odls tkgs cjlixjw elif tkit wd| ixl }jlislo rgtk kgs adh gf

tkl fij stibl dn tkl ckie}gdfskg}4

S|xljw rl ixl ki}}w rgtk tkl adh kl kis odfl& Ckgy|gfkd ttlo gf }lxnlctjw

td d|x n|t|xgst }xdalct&

Rkit lfcd|xiblo wd| td sgbf tkgs |f|s|ij cdftxict rgtk Ckgy|gfkd Cdfol4

_kl xst xlisdf ris tkl nict tkit kl gs i cdick t ndx tkl }|x}dsl dn gjif`|jd

NC& Rl ixl h|gjogfb |} if gffd~itg~l ifo k|ehjl cj|h ifo Ckgy|gfkd Cdfol

eitckls }lxnlctjw td d|x }xdalcts& Hlsgols* kl fdrs oll}jw rkw kl |folxtdd` tkgs

ckijjlfbl& Gf ^gjif`|jd fdt dfjw ogo kl fo wd|fb s}dxts eifiblxs* h|t kl ijsd

nd|fo i niegjw rdx`gfb ndx tkl cj|h& Ijj tkl eifiblxs* dncgijs ifo cdjjihdxitdxs

ndxe tkgs cj|h rdx` gf |fgsdf is i niegjw ifo rl rift tkl cd|ftxw td `fdr tkit&

Rl rift td ittxict nifs nxde Xd~|ei td Ei}|td td tkgs niegjw rkgck hxgfbs ihd|t

gffd~itgdfs td tkl nddthijj dn Edqiehgy|l&

Gs tkl tlckfgcij tlie bdgfb td hl xlgfndxclo* dx gt rgjj xleigf is gt gs4

Rl rgjj `ll} ^gctdx is if issgstift cdick ifo Lnxigel is tkl bdij `ll}lxs

cdick& Fdtkgfb rgjj ckifbl& Rl hljgl~l rl ijxliow ki~l tkl xgbkt cdickls rl

rlxl jdd`gfb ndx&

Rkit od wd| tkgf` ihd|t tkl slisdf tkit kis a|st lfolo4

_kl ckie}gdfskg} ris }dsgtg~l& Rl scdxl dfl edxl }dgft jist slisdf* h|t rl

nllj rl cd|jo ki~l odfl edxl tkif tkit& O|xgfb tkl c|} rl nljj it i cxgtgcij stibl*

gf tkl y|ixtlxfijs* h|t l~lf Eifcklstlx \fgtlo eiw hl ljgegfitlo gf tkl y|ix%

tlxfijs dn i c|}* stgjj rl ixl nix rdxsl tkif gt* tkgs gs tw}gcij dn nddthijj cdftlst&

Is nix is tkl cdftxicts bdijs ixl cdfclxflo* rkit ixl wd|x l{}lctitgdfs

ndx tkl ^gjif`|jd NC gf tlxes dn tklgx n|jjjelft |ftgj tkl lfo dn tkl cdftxict

dn Ckgy|gfkd Cdfol4

_kl cdftxict gs cjlix& _klxl gs fd }xlss|xl ndx tkl cdick& Kl rgjj ki~l }jlftwdn tgel td t|xf tkl cj|h gftd dfl dn tkl hlst gf Ediehdji |ftgj 8=9?& Gf tlxes dn

eifiblelft* rl ki~l }xd~lo td hl lncglft ifo rl rgjj cdfsdjgoitl gt gf cdftlst&

Gf 8=9? rl rgjj bkt ndx tkl tgtjl* Bdo rgjjgfb& Gt gs i }xdclss ifo i adh hlgfb odfl

rgtk tkl |tedst cixl&


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SCDXLS

_lfoig eixci bdjd9== od Ediehdji_lfoig scdxls bdij 9== dn Ediehdji

D i~ifiod qgehihrlifd od ^gjif`|jd N|tlhdj Cj|hl* Briti_lfoig* cdftxitiod elsed le cgei oi oiti jgegtl ol gfscxgd*nlq odgs bdjds fd adbd cde d Eitckloal* y|l d ^gjif`|jd NC~lfcl| }dx ?%9& D slb|fod bdjd od i~ifiod id slx~gd od cj|hl~ijl| i eixci ol bdjd 9== od Ediehdji 8=99&

D clftsged bdjd s|xbg| i cdfcj|gx |e }issl od sl| cdjlbiHljd* y|l bifkd| i hdji fd elgd%cie}d l xisbd| }ixi d itiy|l&_lfoig xleitd| le ixcd ol ndxi oi bxifol xli* l d b|ixoi%xlolsod Eitckloal fle cklbd| i lfsigix d l{lxccgd ol olnlsi&

D nictd cd| ols}lxclhgod i e|gti blftl* eis ci }ixtgjkiod*iy|g* lsti c|xgdsi eixci* y|l nlq cde y|l _lfoig cissl* issge*xlbgstiod fi kgstxgi ods bdjds c|xgdsds od Ediehdji 8=99&

Ol xlnlxgx y|l y|ifod nijti~i txs adxfiois }ixi d fij oi }xd~i_lfoig tgfki sltl bdjds eixciods* cdftxi 9= ol Oi~go* }xgelgxdcjissgciod&

_kl Qgehihrlif ittic`lx dn ^gjif`|jd NC* Briti _lfoig*nd|fo df tkl ~lxbl dn tkl xlbgstxitgdf oitl* scdxlo trd bdijs gf

tkl eitck ibigfst Eitckloal* gf rkgck gjif`|jd NC rdf ndx ?%9&

_kl slcdfo scdxl dn tkgs ittic`lx slx~gfb ndx tkl cj|h* iccd|ftlo

ndx bdij 9== dn Ediehdji 8=99&

_kl k|foxlotk bdij ris i fijgqitgdf dn i }iss nxde kgs }ixt%

flx Hljd* rkd bdt tkl hijj gf tkl egjo% ljo ifo xif td ittic`& _lf%

oig `gc`lo tkl hijj gf if ixc d|tsgol tkl bxlit }lfijtw ixli* ifo

Eitckloals bdij `ll}lx ogo fdt l~lf txw i olnlfsg~l ed~lelft&

_kgs nict ris fdt }lxclg~lo hw eifw }ld}jl* h|t gt gs klxlhw

skixlo tkit tkgs c|xgd|s bdij ijjdrlo _lfoig td hl xlbgstlxlo gf

tkl kgstdxw dn tkl |f|s|ij bdijs dn Ediehdji 8=99&

Gt gs ge}dxtift td }dgft d|t tkit it tkxll xd|fos dn tkl lfo dn tkl

cde}jltgdf _ifoig kio scdxlo 2 bdijs* ibigfst tkl 9= dn Oi~go*

rkd ris tkl xst cjissglo&


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Revista Vilankulo Dezembro 2011

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Transcript of Revista Vilankulo Dezembro 2011