Risco Hidrológico

7/25/2019 Risco Hidrolgico

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Gsndr Iaouce ^dltdnruz ^aevcrg

Vasng @amrgeoang

]rdfde`g dprcscltdmg ld masnapeald Igmcegs mc

[edlchdicltg md Cxpdlsg mc ^astcids mc Clcr-

oad Cetrand mg [rgordid mc [s-ordmudg ci

Clocl`drad Cetrand, NG[[C, md Slavcrsamdmc

Jcmcrde mc Vag mc Hdlcarg.

[rgjcssgr8 Mhdeid I. Jdeng.

41 mc sctcifrg mc 6;4=


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ûirag

4 Altrgmug 6

6 Ngicrnadeazdg mc Clcroad 6

> Vasngs @amrgeoangs :

= Odrdltad Jsand 0

=.4 Nenueg md odrdltad jsand mc clcroad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0=.6 Ictgmgegoad mg nenueg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

=.6.4 Mctcrialdg md gjcrtd tgtde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1=.6.6 Vdtcag md gjcrtd tgtde cltrc gs fegngs àmrcetrang c tcricetrang . . . . . 1=.6.> Vdtcag mg fegng àmrcetrang c mctcrialdg mds OJ mds S@C . . . . . . 1

=.6.= Vdtcag mg fegng tcricetrang c mctcrialdg mds OJ . . . . . . . . . . . . 1=.> Odrdltad jsand ld ngicrnadeazdg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4;

=.>.4 Csqucid ocrde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44=.>.6 [cldeamdmcs pgr alsufflnalnad mc edstrg pdrd ngicrnadeazdg mc clcroad . 4==.>.> ^dzgldeazdg c igmuedg mc odrdltad jsand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4=

=.= Icndlasigs mc rcmug mc odrdltad jsand - IVOJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

3 Icndlasig mc rcdegndg mc clcroad - IVC 4:

3.4 Nglncatgs Fsangs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4?3.6 [drtanapdg lg IVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6?3.> Ngfcrturd mc Odrdltad Jsand c degndg mc clcroad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6?3.= Clcroad ^cnulmrad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603.3 Ngipclsdg mgs Nustgs mc Ocrdg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613.: Cxpgsag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

: Nglneuscs >4

Vcjcrlnads >6

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4 Altrgmug

Gs icndlasigs altrgmuzamgs c mcsclvgevamgs dg eglog md rccstruturdg mg sastcid cetrangldnaglde, mcsmc d altrgmug mg dtudeicltc cxtaltg Icrndmg Dtdndmastd mc Clcroad Cetrand

(IDC) ci 4110, rcjgriuedlmg-sc ci mgas lgvgs difacltcs, g Difacltc mc Ngltrdtdg Vcou-edmd (DNV) c g Difacltc mc Ngltrdtdg Eavrc (DNE), cltrc 6;;> c 6;;=, ti samg jcrrdicltdsaiprcsnalmvcas lgs mads mc `ghc, jdnaeatdlmg ds trdlsdcs mc prgmug c vclmd mc clcroad pgrpdrtc mgs docltcs mc ocrdg ci rcoaic mc scrvag pfeang

[gr nglscoualtc, cstcs icndlasigs, Icndlasig mc Vcdegndg mc Clcroad (IVC) c Icnd-lasig mc Vcmug mc Odrdltad Jsand (IVOJ) - dltcragricltc ngl`cnamg ngig Icndlasig mcVcmug mc Clcroad Dsscourdmd (IVD) -, pcriatci quc ds àmrcetrands mg âstcid Altcrea-odmg Ldnaglde (ÂL) ialaiazci g rasng àmrgeoang rcednagldmg ngi g mcspdn`g ncltrdeazdmgmds usalds àmrcetrands pceg Gpcrdmgr Ldnaglde mc âstcids (GL^), g quc jdz ngi quc cssds

usalds lg tcl`di ngltrgec sgfrc scu lvce mc ocrdg.Mcvamg d ngipecxamdmc cxastcltc lg icrndmg c rcouedg mc clcroad cetrand lg âstcid

Cetrang Frdsaecarg (^CF), alanadeicltc mcsnratg mc idlcard altrgmutrad gs nglncatgs mc ng-icrnadeazdg mc clcroad, odrdltad jsand c mc edstrg, duslnad mc dutglgiad mgs docltcs mcocrdg, docltcs ngicrnadeazdmgrcs, difacltcs mc ngicrnadeazdg, cltrc gutrgs. [drd mcpgasmcsnrcvcr gs icndlasigs natdmgs dltcragricltc.

6 Ngicrnadeazdg mc Clcroad

D ngicrnadeazdg mc clcroad cetrand sc md d pdrtar mgs scoicltg mc ocrdg, trdlsiassgc mastrafuag dt g nglsuiamgr ffllde. D dtavamdmc mc ngicrnadeazdg mc clcroad sc mcsclvgevcnggrmcldmg c valnuedmg ngi g prgncssg mc pedlchdicltg c gpcrdg mg sastcid, nuhgs rcsuetdmgsalstuclnadi ds nglmacs c gs prdzgs mgs ngltrdtgs mc ngiprd c vclmd mc clcroad.

D grodlazdg, mg pgltg mc vastd tcipgrde, pgmc scr mc eglog, imag c nurtg prdzg, sclmgcstc etaig mastaltg dgs mcidas. ]gmgs cecs sclmg rcouedmgs pced DLCCE, sclmg g icrndmg mcnurtg prdzg (gu icrdndmg spgt) gpcrdmg pced Nidrd mc Ngicrnadeazdg mc Clcroad Cetrand(NNCC), glmc gngrrci trdlsdcs iuetaedtcrdas mc ngiprd c vclmd mc clcroad.

Ds ordlmcs ncltrdas àmrcetrands, lgrideicltc, mastdltcs mgs pralnapdas ncltrgs mc ndrod, jdz

ngi quc schd lcncssrag g trdlspgrtc mc ordlmcs fegngs mc clcroad cltrc ds mavcrsds rcoacs mgpds, ngi majcrcltcs rcoaics peuvagitrangs, g quc jdz quc schd lcncssrag ui gfhctavg pralnapdemc usdr md ice`gr jgrid gs cstgqucs mc oud lgs rcscrvdtrags mds usalds, nglsamcrdlmg ds ngl-macs àmrgeoands ci ndmd rcoag. [ceg icsig igtavg, g igmceg àmrcetrang jga marcnagldmgpdrd rcscrvdtrags mc rcouedrazdg peuradlude, vasdlmg rcmuzar g pgssvcas rasngs àmrgeoangsdmvcrsgs.

Odrdltad Jsand c Edstrg. D ngicrnadeazdg mc clcroad cetrand lg ÂL ui jcliclgngltrdtude c ngltfae, gu schd, g vclmcmgr (asgedmdicltc nglsamcrdmg) lg cst lcncssdradicltcgfraodmg d cltrcodr fflsandicltc d clcroad, pgas g qudltg mc ocrdg vda scr mcspdn`dmg mcpclmccssclnadeicltc mds mctcrialdcs vasdlmg g sastcid ngig ui tgmg, quc mctcrialdmg pceg

GL^. Mc dngrmg ngi d scoualtc nglvclg8Gs ngltrdtgs rcoastrdmgs ld NNCC lg aipeandi, lcncssdradicltc, ngiprgiassg mc cltrcod

jsand mc clcroad cetrand pgr pdrtc mgs docltcs vclmcmgrcs, pgmclmg d clcroad scr cltrcouc pgr

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gutrg docltc md NNCC, rcssdevdlmg-sc, pdrd tgmgs gs cjcatgs, quc d rcspglsdfaeamdmc ngltrdtude

pced cltrcod mc clcroad ngltalud sclmg mg docltc vclmcmgr rcfflrg lg ngltrdtg.

Duslnad mc dutglgiad lg scoicltg md ocrdg. Mc igmg ocrde, gs docltcs mcocrdg lg pgssuci dutglgiad pdrd prgncmcr ocrdg, ngipctc dg Gpcrdmgr Ldnaglde mcâstcid (GL^), lg mcspdn`g mc ocrdg, mctcrialdr qudltg ndmd usald mcvc prgmuzar d ndmdigicltg, ecvdlmg ci ngltd ds cxaolnads mc sufflnalnad c mc cnglgianamdmc lg dtclmaicltg mdmcidlmd. [grtdltg, g ocrdmgr cltrdr ci gpcrdg qudlmg c sc mctcrialdmg pceg GL^, lgaipgrtdlmg gs ngltrdtgs quc tcl`d fflridmg. ^c g GL^ gptdr pgr lg mcspdn`dr mctcrialdmgocrdmgr, cec mcvc pcridlcncr d maspgsag mg sastcid. Cstc igmceg mc ocrdg, quc ncltrd-eazdmg lg GL^, c g rcspcntavg pedlchdicltg pcriatci vcrafflndr g pgtclnade mc ocrdg mg pdsc dvdeadr d ocrdg mc clcroad sufflnacltc pdrd supgrtdr d mcidlmd, ecvdlmg ci nglsamcrdgjdtgrcs ngig8

rasngs àmrgeoangs2

qucstcs cstruturdas (pgr cxcipeg, qudeamdmc md trdlsiassg)2

qucstcs nglhulturdas (pgr cxcipeg, jdetd mc ngifustvce)2

qucstcs cngliands (pgr cxcipeg, nustg mc ocrdg pdrd g sastcid)2

cltrc gutrds.

Cifgrd g ocrdmgr lg tcl`d dutglgiad, cst dutgrazdmg d ngicrnadeazdr clcroad dt g eaiatc

mc sud odrdltad jsand (edstrg ngicrnade), ndenuedmd ngi fdsc ci nratrags tnlangs.Docltcs mc ngicrnadeazdg. Gs docltcs mc ngicrnadeazdmgrcs mc clcroad sg dqucecs quc

mcti ttueg hurmang mc dutgrazdg pdrd cxcrncr dtavamdmc mc ngiprd c vclmd mc clcroad lgÂL. Mcscipcl`d g pdpce mc altcricmarags cltrc ocrdmgrcs c nglsuiamgrcs, ngi g gfhctavgmc rcmuzar gs nustgs mc trdlsdg c pcriatar g dtclmaicltg mgs nglsuiamgrcs mc dngrmg ngisuds lcncssamdmcs mc ngiprd mc clcroad. Gs ngicrnadeazdmgrcs mc clcroad ngi vgeuic ngicr-nadeazdmg dlude mc 3;;O_` rcjcramgs dg dlg dltcragr, ti pdrtanapdg gfraodtrad ld NNCC.[gmclmg dtudr tdltg lg icrndmg rcouedmg (ci ecaecs mc clcroad cxastcltc gu mc dhustc), ngigvclmcmgrcs, qudltg mg icrndmg eavrc mc clcroad, ngig vclmcmgrcs c ngiprdmgrcs.

Docltcs mc mastrafuag.etaid ctdpd md ndmcad mc supraicltg mg sctgr cetrang, tcingig gfhctavg ecvdr d clcroad cltrcouc pceg sastcid mc trdlsiassg dt gs usurags fflldas (rcsa-

mclnadas, ngicrnadas gu almustradas). Mcvclmg fflridr ngltrdtgs mc nglncssg mc scrvag pfeangrcoastrdmgs ld NNCC c `gigegodmgs pced DLCCE. D rciulcrdg sc m pgr icag mc tdrajds mcjgrlcnaicltg mc clcroad cetrand c mc usg mg sastcid mc mastrafuag. D ngltrdtdg mc clcroadpgr pdrtc mds mastrafuamgrds uid dtavamdmc rcouedmd, gu schd, ds icsids lg pgmci ngltrdtdrclcroad eavrcicltc pdrd dtclmcr d scus nglsuiamgrcs. Ds mastrafuamgrds ti ngig gfraodgecode pcriatar g eavrc dncssg, d suds alstdedcs, dgs docltcs quc lcncssatci, ci ngltrdpdrtamd,cstcs mcvci pdodr ui clndrog pceg usg (ndenuedmg ngi fdsc ld tdrajd mc usg mg sastcid mcmastrafuag (]S^M)).

Ds rcedcs ngicrnadas cltrc docltcs vclmcmgrcs c ngiprdmgrcs sg rcoamds prcmgialdltc-icltc pgr ngltrdtgs mc ngiprd c vclmd mc clcroad, c tgmgs gs ngltrdtdmgs lg ifatg mg ÂLmcvci scr rcoastrdmgs ld NNCC c dprgvdmg pced DLCCE. Dg docltc vclmcmgr, ndfc ngiprgvdr

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scu edstrg pdrd vclmd mc clcroad c pgtlnad. Dg ngiprdmgr, ngiprgvdr d sufflnalnad mc ngfcr-turd ngltrdtude mc nglsuig mc clcroad c pgtlnad. G edstrg pgmc scr vastg ngig g rcspdemgmc ui docltc ocrdmgr gu ngicrnadeazdmgr ngegndlmg pdrd g nglsuiamgr uid odrdltad jsandngrrcspglmcltc mcidlmd.

Ci ocrde, ` masnrcplnads cltrc d clcroad ngicrnadeazdmd, d cjctavd ocrdg c g nglsuig,pgas rcprcscltdi jcliclgs mastaltgs. Clqudltg d ocrdg c nglsuig sg jcliclgs jsangs,d ngicrnadeazdg ui jcliclg ngltrdtude c ngltfae. D ngipdtafaeazdg mcssd dpdrcltcmasnrcplnad cltrc d mcnasg mc prgmuzar c d mc vclmcr rcsgevamd, lg sctgr cetrang, pcegsnglncatg mc odrdltad jsand (gu clcroad dsscourdmd) c mc edstrg pdrd d ngltrdtdg mc clcroad,hultdicltc ngi g nglncatg mc eaquamdg mc majcrclds.

Clcroad dsscourdmd. D ndmd ciprcclmaicltg mc ocrdg cst dssgnadmg ui qudltuimcclcroad cetrand, fflxdmg ngi fdsc ci nratrags tnlangs c rcednagldmg odrdltad mc supraicltgclcrotang mg sastcid. Cssc qudltuinglstd lg ttueg quc gutgrod sud cxpegrdg. G igltdltc

mc clcroad dssgnadmd dg ciprcclmaicltg dssai mclgialdmd clcroad dsscourdmd gu odrdltadjsand md usald.

D odrdltad jsand nglstatua d fdsc ngicrnade cstvce mgs ciprcclmaicltg mc ocrdg, mc jgridalmcpclmcltc md rcdeamdmc sufhdncltc8 ndmd ciprcclmaicltg pgmc mdr graoci d ngltrdtgs mcngiprd c vclmd dt g eaiatc mc sud odrdltad jsand. Ci gutrgs tcrigs, odrdltad jsand dqudltamdmc mc clcroad quc ndmd ocrdmgr pgmc ngiprgictcr ci scus ngltrdtgs mc ngiprd cvclmd mc clcroad.

Ngig mcsnratg dltcragricltc lgride cxastarci majcrclds cltrc gs igltdltcs ocrdmgs cngicrnadeazdmgs. Cssd majcrclds sg rcsgevamds, ngicrnadeicltc, lg icrndmg mc nurtg prdzg

(icrndmg mc majcrclds), dmialastrdmg pceg NNCC.Lg igmceg dtude, gs docltcs vclmcmgrcs, tatuedrcs mc nglncssg, pcriassg gu dutgrazdgpdrd ocrdr, aipgrtdr gu ngicrnadeazdr clcroad cetrand, cstg gfraodmgs d odrdltar d tgtdeamdmcmc scus ngltrdtgs, dprcscltdlmg edstrg pdrd vclmd mc clcroad c pgtlnad sufflnacltc pdrd tdltg.Lg tclmg edstrg sufflnacltc pdrd dtclmcr d scus ngltrdtgs mc vclmd mc clcroad, g docltc vclmcmgrmcvc ncecfrdr ngltrdtgs mc ngiprd pdrd odrdltar scus ngltrdtgs mc vclmd. Ci gutrgs tcrigs, gdocltc quc lg tavcr clcroad pdrd vclmcr, mcvc ngltrdtdr odrdltad jsand hultg d gutrds usaldspdrd `glrdr ds gfraodcs dssuiamds.

Difacltcs mc Ngltrdtdg. G igmceg frdsaecarg mc ngicrnadeazdg mc clcroad cetrandalstatu mgs difacltcs mc ngltrdtdg8 g Difacltc mc Ngltrdtdg Vcouedmd (DNV) c g Di-facltc mc Ngltrdtdg Eavrc (DNE). Gs docltcs mc ocrdg pgmci nglstruar sud cstrdtoad mcvclmd ci qudequcr ui mgs difacltcs, cstaiuedlmg d ngipctag lg prgncssg mc ocrdg mcclcroad. H d ngipctag lg edmg md mcidlmd cst rcstatd dg DNE, lg qude pgmc gngrrcr d eavrclcognadg cltrc gs docltcs c gs nglsuiamgrcs eavrcs. G DNV dfraod gs nglsuiamgrcs ndtavgs,dtclmamgs cxneusavdicltc pceg mastrafuamgr egnde.

Gs ngltrdtgs mc ngiprd c vclmd mc clcroad valnuedi d ngltrdtdg mc eglog c imag prdzgdg icrndmg mc nurtg prdzg, pgas tgmd c qudequcr trdlsdg mc clcroad lg rcoastrdmd icmadltcngltrdtgs cst suhcatd ngltdfaeazdg c eaquamdg, mc jgrid ngipuesrad lg icrndmg mc nurtgprdzg.

Icrndmg mc Nurtg [rdzg. Lg prgncssg mc ngltdfaeazdg, ds majcrclds cltrc gs vgeuicsngltrdtdmgs c gs cjctavdicltc igvaicltdmgs sg ngltdfaeazdmds pced NNCC c eaquamdmds lgicrndmg mc nurtg prdzg. Assg pcriatc quc ds pdrtc zcrci suds pgsacs pgr icag mc ngiprd

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gu vclmd mc clcroad, ci fdsc iclsde, pceg prcg mg icrndmg mc nurtg prdzg, gu [rcg mcEaquamdg mc Majcrclds ([EM).

G icrndmg mc nurtg prdzg tdifi mclgialdmg icrndmg mc eaquamdg mc majcrclds, pgrtrdtdr dpclds mc majcrclds cltrc igltdltcs (rcnursgs gu rcquasatgs) ngltrdtdmgs c icmamgs.Tudlmg g ngltrdtg mc ngiprd mc clcroad mg docltc (rcnursg) alsufflnacltc pdrd ngfrar g vdegrvcrafflndmg mc scu nglsuig (rcquasatg), d NNCC eaquamd d majcrcld lcodtavd vdegrdlmg-d dg [EM,ngig sc g docltc ngiprdssc clcroad lg icrndmg mc nurtg prdzg. Dg ngltrrag, sc g rcnursg jgrsupcragr dg rcquasatg, d majcrcld pgsatavd c sud eaquamdg nglfflourd uid vclmd mc clcroadlg icrndmg mc nurtg prdzg.

Cstc rcnursg, lg ndsg mgs docltc vclmcmgr, mcpclmc mg tapg mc usald clvgevamd. ^c jgrtcricetrand, trdtd-sc md prprad ocrdg md usald. ^c jgr àmrgcetrand, trdtd-sc md clcroaddegndmd. D clcroad degndmd g rcnursg dtrafumg s àmrcetrands quc pdrtanapdi mg Icndlasigmc Vcdegndg mc Clcroad (IVC), nuhg nglncatg c julnagldicltg sg cxpeandmgs mc idlcard

altrgmutrad d scouar c mc idas mctde`dmdicltc ld scg 3 mcstc trdfde`g.Icndlasig mc rcdegndg mc clcroad - IVC.Ngig d prgmug mds usalds àmrcetrands

iuatg vdravce, c tdifi mcpclmcltc mg GL^, d eaquamdg mc ngltrdtgs mc ngiprd c vclmdmc clcroad lg icrndmg mc nurtg prdzg clvgevc ordlmc rasng pdrd g docltc ocrdmgr. Cssc rasngmcngrrc mc sud cxpgsag dg [EM. Cifgrd eaiatdmg pgr ui pasg c ui tctg rcouedtrags, g [EM iuatg vdravce, ci eal`d ngi d vgedtaeamdmc mg nustg idroalde mc gpcrdg (NIG), lg qude fdscdmg. Assg pgmc ecvdr d ui ocrdmgr, icsig ngi 4;; % ngltrdtdmg, d qucfrd ci pgungsicscs, mcvamg dg rasng àmrgeoang, sci g IVC.

G IVC dfrdloc ds usalds àmrcetrands suhcatds dg mcspdn`g ncltrdeazdmg mg GL^. Ds [c-

quclds Ncltrdas @amrcetrands ([N@s) pgmci pdrtanapdr gpnagldeicltc. G IVC rcdegnd ngltd-faeicltc d clcroad, trdlsjcralmg g cxncmcltc mdqucecs quc ocrdrdi dei mc sud odrdltad jsandpdrd dqucecs quc ocrdrdi dfdaxg.

D lcncssamdmc mc alstatuag mg IVC sc vcrafflnd pralnapdeicltc mcvamg s ordlmcs cxtclscstcrratgradas mg pds, ci quc cxastci majcrclds àmrgeoands saolafflndtavds cltrc ds rcoacs, ngipcrgmgs scngs c iamgs lg ngalnamcltcs. Sid rcoag ci pcrgmg mc scnd dridzcld oud c, pgrnglscqulnad, ocrd dfdaxg md imad, clqudltg uid rcoag ci pcrgmg mc nùvd prgmuz clcroaddnaid md imad, g quc rcsuetd ci trdlsjcrlnad mc clcroad cltrc cssds rcoacs. Gutrg jdtgr qucecvgu nradg mg IVC d cxastlnad mc vrads usalds degndmds lg icsig rag, ci ndsndtd. Lcssdnglmag, d gpcrdg gtaiazdmd pdrd uid usald lg lcncssdradicltc ngrrcspglmc gpcrdggtaiazdmd mc tgmg g sastcid altcreaodmg. Mc jgrid d gftcr g ice`gr usg md oud lg [ds,rcdeazd-sc g mcspdn`g ncltrdeazdmg pgr ngidlmg mg GL^.

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> Vasngs @amrgeoangs

[drd ui sastcid àmrgtriang prcmgialdltcicltc àmrueang ngig g frdsaecarg, almufatd-vceicltc gs pralnapdas jdtgrcs mc rasngs sg mcngrrcltcs md àmrgegoad. Ds vdzcs dstucltcs dgs

rcscrvdtrags ocrdeicltc pgssuci uid idrndltc ngipglcltc sdzglde, cifgrd schdi jgltcs mcordlmc vdradfaeamdmc (maspcrsg) c vgedtaeamdmc (fdaxd ngrrcedg tcipgrde).

Dssgnadmds s vdzcs cstg muds mds idagrcs jgltcs mc alncrtczd lg prgfecid mc prcvasgmc prcg spgt lg Frdsae8 ds vdravcas clcroad ldturde dstucltc (CLD) c clcroad dridzcldmd(CDVI). D CLD d clcroad quc pgmc scr prgmuzamd d pdrtar mds vdzcs ldturdas dstucltcs dgsrcscrvdtrags. Gs vdegrcs sg cxprcssgs ci I_ imags (I_icm) gu ci pcrncltude md imadàstrand mc eglog tcrig(IE]), ngi ui àstrang mc 0> dlgs, igstrdmg ld fflourd 4.

Jaourd 48 CLD mds qudtrg rcoacs mg ÂL mcsmc 41>4. Cedfgrdg prprad (d pdrtar mc mdmgs mg GL^).

D CDVI d clcroad cetrand dssgnadmd dg vgeuic dridzcldmg ci ui rcscrvdtrag, pdrdnuhg nenueg sc nglsamcrd d prgmutavamdmc mg rcscrvdtrag c mds mcidas usalds àmrgcetrands dhusdltc, mcsngltdlmg-sc g vgeuic igrtg, cxprcssdmg ci I_icm.

Ngig pgmc-sc lgtdr, md fflourd 6, ds muds vdravcas, tdltg d CLD ngig d CDVI pgssuci uingipgrtdicltg sdzglde, gu schd, pgssuci d ndrdntcrstand mc ui cvcltg quc gngrrc sciprc ciuid mctcrialdmd pgnd mg dlg. Cspcnadeicltc d CLD quc dprcscltd pangs lg pcrgmg iamgs(cltrc lgvcifrg c dfrae) c vdecs lg pcrgmg scng (idag d gutufrg). Lgtc-sc quc d clcroaddridzcldmd md rcoag ^C/NG mcpclmc md qudltamdmc mc oud quc n`cod dgs rcscrvdtrags c mdgpcrdg mg sastcid.

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Jaourd 68 CLD c CDVI md rcoag ^C/NG mgs etaigs 4; dlgs. Cedfgrdg prprad (d pdrtar mcmdmgs mg GL^).

Cxastc tdifi uid vgedtaeamdmc mg [EM (V$/I_`) ci julg md CLD, igstrdmg ldfflourd >. Nclrag 6;4=, dt g alnag mg dlg, g rasng àmrgeoang crd nglsamcrdmg pcquclg, ids djdetd mc nùvds c d lcncssamdmc mc oudrmdr oud lgs rcscrvdtrags mds àmrcetrands, cltrctdltg,iumdrdi g nclrag jdvgrvce (6;;? dt 6;46) mgs etaigs dlgs.

Jaourd >8 Zgedtaeamdmc mg [EM ci julg md CLD. Cedfgrdg prprad (d pdrtar mc mdmgs mg GL^).

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= Odrdltad Jsand

D qudltamdmc ixaid mc clcroad quc ds usalds àmrcetrands, tcricetrands c prghctgs mcaipgrtdg mc clcroad pgmci ngicrnadeazdr d sud odrdltad jsand (OJ), ngljgric cstdfcecnamg

ld Eca lg

4;.0=0 mc 43 mc idrg mc 6;;= c rcouedicltdmd pceg drt. 6g

mg Mcnrctg lg

3.4:>, mc>; mc hue`g mc 6;;=.

=.4 Nenueg md odrdltad jsand mc clcroad

[drd dtclmcr dg nratrag ocrde mc odrdltad mc supraicltg cstdfcecnamg, g prgncssg mc mctcria-ldg md odrdltad jsand mds lgvds usalds ngltciped ui nglhultg mc prciassds c ictgmgegoadsmc nenueg quc scrg dprcscltdmgs d scouar.

Igmcegs c [drictrgs mc âiuedg8 [drd ds saiuedcs clcrotands utaeazdmg g LC_DZC

c pdrd gs cstumgs d usalds almavamudeazdmds utaeazdmg g I^SA-CEC]VGFVD^.

Nglfflourdg @amrgtriand mc Vcjcrlnad8 lgs mgas cstumgs d nglfflourdg àmrcetrand mcrcjcrlnad scr ngipgstd pceds usalds àmrcetrands ci gpcrdg, tcricetrands ci gpcrd-g, lg sg saiuedmds ds pcquclds ncltrdas àmrcetrands, cltrc gutrds nglfflourdcs idascspcnafflnds.

]gpgegoad8 [drd d saiuedg clcrotand mgs sufsastcids cquavdecltcs mg ÂL, d tgpgegoadd nglsamcrdr d scoualtc8 ^C/NG/DN/VG (Vcoacs ûmcstc c Ncltrg-Gcstc c Vglmladc Dnrc altcreaodmgs), ^ (Vcoag ûe), LC (Vcoag Lgrmcstc) c L/Idldus (Lgrtc c Idldus

altcreaodmgs).

Eaiatcs mc Altcrnifag cltrc gs ûfsastcids.

=.6 Ictgmgegoad mg nenueg

D odrdltad jsand mg ÂL mcffllamd ngig dquced ngrrcspglmcltc ixaid qudltamdmc mcclcroad quc cstc sastcid pgmc suprar d ui mdmg nratrag mc odrdltad mc supraicltg. Cstdclcroad rdtcdmd cltrc tgmgs gs ciprcclmaicltgs mc ocrdg quc nglstatuci g sastcid, d fflimc sc gftcr d odrdltad jsand mgs ciprcclmaicltgs ngi vastds ngicrnadeazdg mc clcroad vad

ngltrdtgs.D ictgmgegoad mc nenueg md odrdltad jsand mgs lgvgs ciprcclmaicltgs mc ocrdg quc

ngipgrg g ÂL nglsastc lgs scoualtcs pdssgs8

mctcrialdg md gjcrtd tgtde mc odrdltad jsand mg ÂL, ngi nglfflourdg csttand, dhustdmdpdrd d aoudemdmc mg nustg idroalde mc gpcrdg imag dlude - NIG ngi g nustg idroaldemc cxpdlsg NIC, dmiatamd uid tgecrlnad2

rdtcag md gjcrtd tgtde (gu odrdltad jsand mg ÂL) ci mgas fegngs8 gjcrtd àmrueand C@c gjcrtd triand C]2

rdtcag md gjcrtd àmrueand cltrc tgmds ds S@C prgpgrnagldeicltc s suds clcroads fflrics2

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rdtcag md gjcrtd triand cltrc ds S]C, eaiatdmg maspglafaeamdmc ixaid mc ocrdgngltlud mc ndmd S]C c ngi g cvcltude cxncmcltc mc gjcrtd sclmg mastrafumg cltrc dsmcidas S]C , tdifi eaiatdmg gjcrtd ngrrcspglmcltc maspglafaeamdmc ixaid mcocrdg ngltlud md usald.

=.6.4 Mctcrialdg md gjcrtd tgtde

D mctcrialdg md gjcrtd tgtde mc clcroad, ngrrcspglmcltc odrdltad jsand mg sastcidaltcreaodmg (^C/NG/DN/VG, ^, LC, L/Idldus)>, gftamd pgr saiuedg csttand md gpcrdgmg sastcid àmrgtriang pdrd g dlg mc altcrcssc, ciprcodlmg-sc g igmceg LC_DZC.

=.6.6 Vdtcag md gjcrtd tgtde cltrc gs fegngs àmrcetrang c tcricetrang

G rdtcag md gjcrtd tgtde (aoude dg sgidtrag mds ndrods nrtands rcsuetdltcs pdrd gs sufsas-

tcids) ci mgas ordlmcs fegngs mc clcroad, gjcrtd àmrueand C@ c gjcrtd triand C], gftamg iuetapeandlmg-sc d gjcrtd tgtde pgr ui Jdtgr @amrcetrang J@ c ui Jdtgr ]riang J], rcspcntavdicltc.

Cstcs jdtgrcs ngrrcspglmci pdrtanapdg rcedtavd mds ocrdcs àmrueand c triand ldocrdg tgtde c sg ndenuedmgs ngi fdsc ci uid pglmcrdg pceg nustg idroalde mc gpcrdg NIG, sclmg cstds vdravcas gftamds ld saiuedg ngi g igmceg LC_DZC.

=.6.> Vdtcag mg fegng àmrcetrang c mctcrialdg mds OJ mds S@C

G rdtcag md gjcrtd àmrueand (C@), pceg nglhultg mds usalds àmrcetrands md nglfflourdg, jcatg prgpgrnagldeicltc clcroad fflric mc ndmd usald, gftamds ngi duxeag mg igmceg mcsaiuedg d usalds almavamudeazdmds I^SA.

D clcroad fflric mc uid usald ngrrcspglmc ocrdg imad lgs icscs mg pcrgmg nrtang, c gftamd pgr saiuedg d usalds almavamudeazdmds mg sastcid altcordmg purdicltc àmrcetrang,utaeazdlmg sracs mc vdzcs àstrands c sclmg eaiatdmd dg vdegr md maspglafaeamdmc ixaid mcocrdg ngltlud md usald.

Ndsg d usald pgssud ui rcscrvdtrag mc rcouedrazdg, ngi usalds d husdltc, dei mg odl`gmc odrdltad jsand egnde ld usald, pgmcr `dvcr ui dnrsnaig mc clcroad lcssds usalds d husdltc.Cssc fclcjnag, tdifi ngl`cnamg pgr fclcjnag almarctg c ndenuedmg pced majcrcld cltrc g

sgidtrag md clcroad fflric mds usalds d husdltc ld ndsndtd ngi c sci d usald ci qucstg

=.6.= Vdtcag mg fegng tcricetrang c mctcrialdg mds OJ

D odrdltad jsand mc uid usald tcricetrand mcvcr scr eaiatdmd dg vdegr mc sud maspglafa-eamdmc ixaid mc ocrdg ngltlud. ]de ngig pdrd ds @amrcetrands, d gjcrtd triand (C]) rdtcdmd cltrc ds usalds triands ld prgpgrg mc suds gjcrtds mc clcroad.

Ds usalds nuhd alstcxafaeamdmc aoude maspglafaeamdmc mcnedrdmd pceg docltc ocrdmgr, gudalmd, quc pgssudi Nustg Zdravce Slatrag NZS lueg, ngig g ndsg mds usalds mc jgltcceand c mds tcricetrands igvamds fagidssd ndld mc dndr, tcrg d sud OJ, mcffllamd ngig d

ixaid qudltamdmc mc clcroad quc d usald pgmc vclmcr lg ÂL.

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=.> Odrdltad jsand ld ngicrnadeazdg

D odrdltad jsand mg ^AL ngrrcspglmc qudltamdmc ixaid mc clcroad quc cssc sastcidpgmc suprar. Cssd clcroad rdtcdmd cltrc tgmgs gs ciprcclmaicltgs mc ocrdg ngi g ffli mc

sc gftcr d odrdltad jsand mc ndmd ciprcclmaicltg ngi vastds ngicrnadeazdg mc clcroad vadngltrdtgs.

D scouar dprcscltdmd d jgrid mc mctcrialdg mgs vdegrcs mc odrdltad jsand quc scrgnglsamcrdmgs lg Icndlasig mc Vcdegndg mc Clcroad (IVC), ld mastrafuag mds ngtds mcAtdapu c mds pcldeamdmcs pgr alsufflnalnad mc edstrg.

G imueg mc rcords Odrdltad Jsand , cltg, mavamamg ci mgas sufimuegs, ngljgricJaourd =8

Jaourd =8 ^ufimuegs mc Odrdltad Jsand. Jgltc8 NNCC.

G praicarg sufimueg (Igmuedg mc Odrdltad Jsand pdrd g IVC) tci pgr gfhctavg trdtdrmds aljgridcs mc odrdltad jsand mds usalds altcordltcs mg IVC. Cssd prcpdrdg clvgevc ddpeandg mgs Jdtgrcs mc Vdtcag mc [crmds md Vcmc Fsand mc Ocrdg, ngljgric g ndsg, fci

ngig mg Icndlasig mc Vcmug mc Odrdltads Jsands (IVOJ) quc sc utaeazd mgs lmancs mcalmaspglafaeamdmcs dpurdmgs pdrd ndmd usald pdrd dhustc mc suds rcspcntavds odrdltads jsands.

Gutrg gfhctavg mcstc sufimueg d mastrafuag `grrad md odrdltad jsand md usald mcAtdapu, vasdlmg mastrafuar gs ngltrdtgs mc Atdapu cltrc gs docltcs ngtastds. D Jaourd 3 d scouarrcprcscltd gs gfhctavgs mcssc sufimueg mc jgrid rcsuiamd8

Jaourd 38 [rgncssg mc Igmuedg md Odrdltad Jsand pdrd g IVC. Jgltc8 NNCC.

G gutrg sufimueg (Dpurdg md Odrdltad Jsand pdrd Edstrg) cstdfcecnc gs prgncssgs mcdhustc mds odrdltads jsands mds usalds, vasdlmg gs nenuegs mds pcldeamdmcs pgr alsufflnalnadmc edstrg pdrd ngicrnadeazdg mc clcroad pcegs docltcs. D Jaourd : dfdaxg pgsanagld csscsufimueg ci rcedg dg scu gfhctavg8

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Jaourd :8 Odrdltad Jsand pdrd Edstrg. Jgltc8 NNCC.

=.>.4 Csqucid ocrde

G imueg Odrdltad Jsand, csqucidtazdmg ld Jaourd ?, dprcscltd g dhustc md odrdltad jsandsdzgldeazdmd, sud igmuedg c g nenueg pdrd ngipgsag mc edstrg, nglsamcrdlmg gs mavcrsgstapgs mc usalds cxastcltcs c ds fflldeamdmcs mc usg qudltg dg vdegr gftamg8

Jaourd ?8 ^ufimuegs mc Odrdltad Jsand. Jgltc8 NNCC.

Gfscrvdi-sc, d scouar, ds ctdpds mg prgncssg8

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Igmuedg md Odrdltad Jsand pdrd g IVC

Dhustc md Odrdltad Jsand ^dzgldeazdmd8 prcpdrd gs mdmgs mc odrdltad jsand ci fdsciclsde pdrd d ngltdfaeazdg.

D odrdltad jsand pdrd fflls mg IVC mctcrialdmd d pdrtar md sdzgldeazdg, astg , ds OJ`grdrads sg sgidmds c iuetapeandmds pgr ui jdtgr mc dhustc mc OJ mc idlcard d tcr OJiclsdas mg pcrgmg ngicrnadeazdmg.

Nenueg mgs Jdtgrcs mc Igmuedg8 ndenued gs jdtgrcs duxaeadrcs quc sg utaeazdmgsld igmuedg tdltg md odrdltad jsand mc usalds àmrueands pdrtanapdltcs mg IVC ngigmgs ngltrdtgs mc Atdapu c mg [VGALJD.

^g ndenuedmgs mgas jdtgrcs, g praicarg, g jdtgr mc igmuedg mds usalds pdrtanapdltcs mgIVC ngrrcspglmc rcedg cltrc d ocrdg tgtde mcssds usalds (lg pcrgmg mc ngicrna-

deazdg) c d ocrdg tgtde mcssds icsids usalds lg is mc dpurdg. G scoulmg, quc g jdtgr mc pglmcrdg mc igmuedg mds usalds pdrtanapdltcs mg IVC ngrrcspglmcltc rcedg pglmcrdmd cltrc d ocrdg tgtde mcssds usalds lg pcrgmg , c d ocrdg tgtdemcssds icsids usalds lg is mc dpurdg.

Ndfc mcstdndr quc gs jdtgrcs mc igmuedg, sg utaeazdmgs pdrd trdlsjgridr gs vdegrcs mcodrdltad jsand sdzgldeazdmgs ci vdegrcs igmuedmgs pgr pcrgmg mc ngicrnadeazdg mdsusalds, g quc jcatg lg scoualtc cstoag.

Igmuedg md Odrdltad Jsand mc Ssalds pdrtanapdltcs mg IVC8mcffllc gs vdegrcs

igmuedmgs md odrdltad jsand mc usalds àmrueands pdrtanapdltcs mg IVC, alneualmg dusald mc Atdapu.

D OJ iclsde ndenuedmd lg praicarg cstoag pglmcrdmd ngi g jdtgr mc pglmcrdg mcigmuedg ndenuedmg lg cstoag dltcragr, mc idlcard d sc gftcr uid OJ igmuedmd lgpcrgmg mc ngicrnadeazdg.

Dhustc md Odrdltad Jsand Igmuedmd8 dhustd gs vdegrcs mc odrdltad jsand ci julgmg rdtcag mc pcrmds md Vcmc Fsand (pdrd usalds pdrtanapdltcs mcssc rdtcag), c tdifidhustd ngi rcedg dgs lmancs mc mcordmdg mc maspglafaeamdmc, n`didmg mc Icndlasigmc Vcmug mc Odrdltad Jsand (IVOJ), cxpeandmg ld scg =.=. Dhustcs quc rcstctci ldOJ mds usalds pdrtanapdltcs mg IVC.

[grtdltg, d OJ igmuedmd dhustdmd d pdrtar mg jdtgr mc rdtcag mc pcrmds mc ocrdgdssgnadmg usald lg pcrgmg ngicrnadeazdmg, gftclmg uid OJ igmuedmd dhustdmd cijulg mds pcrmds md rcmc fsand, ngig igstrdmg d scouar ld fflourd 0.

Nenueg md Odrdltad Jsand pdrd Ngipgsag mc Edstrg

Nenueg md Odrdltad Jsand pgr usald8 cssd ctdpd ndenued d odrdltad jsand quc ngipcg edstrg pdrd ngicrnadeazdg mc clcroad cetrand d pdrtar mc usalds àmrueands (pdrtana-

pdltcs gu lg mg IVC) c lg àmrueands. D Jaourd 1 fusnd rcsuiar ds majcrcltcs jgridsmc nenueg mc odrdltad jsand mc dngrmg ngi ds ndrdntcrstands md usald.

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Jaourd 08 Vcprcscltdg mg prgncssg mc dhustc md odrdltad jsand pceds pcrmds mc ocrdg. Jgltc8NNCC.

Jaourd 18 Vcsuig md jgrid mc nenueg mds odrdltads jsands quc ngipc g edstrg pdrd ngicrna-

deazdg. Jgltc8 NNCC.

]gtdeazdg md Odrdltad Jsand pgr Docltc8 cssd ctdpd nglsgeamd g tgtde mc odrdltadjsand mc ndmd docltc ngi fdsc lds usalds quc cssd ciprcsd rcprcscltd madltc md NNCC.

Dlcxg

^dzgldeazdg mc Odrdltad Jsand pdrd fflls mc Edstrg8 cssd ctdpd mctcriald dqudltamdmc sdzgldeazdmd mc Odrdltad Jsand pdrd fflls mc Edstrg.

^dzgldeazdg mc Odrdltad Jsand pdrd fflls mc IVC8cssd ctdpd mctcriald d qudl-tamdmc sdzgldeazdmd mc Odrdltad Jsand pdrd fflls mg IVC, mds usalds quc pdrtanapdi mcsscicndlasig.

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=.>.6 [cldeamdmcs pgr alsufflnalnad mc edstrg pdrd ngicrnadeazdg mc clcroad

Ld ngicrnadeazdg mc clcroad cetrand gs docltcs mc mastrafuag, gs nglsuiamgrcs eavrcs c gscspcnadas mcvci odrdltar g dtclmaicltg d 4;;% mc suds ndrods, ci tcrigs mc clcroad c pgtlnad

pgr icag mc ocrdg prprad c/gu ngltrdtgs mc ngiprd mc clcroad rcoastrdmgs ld NNCC.[gr sud vcz, gs docltcs vclmcmgrcs cstg suhcatgs dg pdodicltg mc pcldeamdmc ndsg lg

dprcscltci edstrg pdrd vclmd mc clcroad c pgtlnad cetrands pdrd odrdltar 4;;% mc scus ngl-trdtgs.

G edstrg pdrd vclmd mc clcroad cetrand mg docltc vclmcmgr pgmc scr ngipgstg pced odrdltadjsand mds usalds igmcedmds sgf cssc docltc c/gu pgr ngltrdtgs mc ngiprd mc clcroad gu mcpgtlnad, ngljgric g ndsg. G nenueg md alsufflnalnad mc edstrg pdrd vclmd mc clcroad gngrrcngljgric mcffllamg lg imueg [cldeamdmcs mc Clcroad mg NNCC.

=.>.> ^dzgldeazdg c igmuedg mc odrdltad jsand

D igmuedg g prgncssg pceg qude d odrdltad jsand sdzgldeazdmd mc uid usald mastrafumdci vdegrcs `grrags. [gstcragricltc, csscs vdegrcs sg dorupdmgs ci tcrigs scidldas, pgrpdtdidr mc ndrod.

Gs vdegrcs dtrafumgs odrdltad jsand mc ndmd usald sg vdegrcs dludas imags (I_ imags)nglvcrtamgs ci vdegrcs iclsdas, cxprcssgs ci tcrigs mc clcroad (I_`), pgr icag mg prgncssgmc sdzgldeazdg. Cxastci mgas prgncssgs mc sdzgldeazdg mc OJ8 ui pdrd fflls mc dpeandg mgIVC c ui pdrd mcffllag mg edstrg md usald.

Lg prgncssg mc sdzgldeazdg md odrdltad jsand pdrd fflls mg IVC, gs docltcs prgpract-

rags mds usalds mcffllci gs igltdltcs iclsdas quc scrg utaeazdmgs pdrd prgncssdicltg mcsscicndlasig, ngi d rcssdevd mc quc deouids usalds quc scouarg g pcrffle mc sdzgldeazdg mdsusalds quc mcnedrdrdi gs igltdltcs. H g prgncssg mc sdzgldeazdg pdrd fflls mc edstrg mcffllcgs igltdltcs iclsdas quc scrg utaeazdmgs ld djcrag mc pcldeamdmcs mgs docltcs.

Gs vdegrcs sdzgldeazdmgs sg dhustdmgs ci julg md imad mds pcrmds altcrlds dssgnadmds gpcrdg mds usalds c, pgstcragricltc, sg nglvcrtamgs ci vdegrcs pgr scidld c pdtdidr lgprgncssg mclgialdmg mc igmuedg md odrdltad jsand, ngljgric aeustrdmg ld fflourd 4;.

Jaourd 4;8 Vcprcscltdg orfflnd mg prgncssg mc sdzgldeazdg c igmuedg md odrdltad jsandmc uid usald.

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=.= Icndlasigs mc rcmug mc odrdltad jsand - IVOJ

G Icndlasig mc Vcmug mc Odrdltad Jsand - IVOJ vcrafflnd sc d usald pdrtanapdltcmg IVC, nuiprau gu lg gs rcquasatgs mc maspglafaeamdmc cstdfcecnamgs. Cssd vcrafflndg

cjctudmd pgr icag mg nenueg mc ui jdtgr cquavdecltc rdzg cltrc gs lmancs vcrafflndmgs c gslmancs mc rcjcrlnad, gu schd, ui vdegr aljcragr d 4 pdrd cssc jdtgr saolafflnd quc d usald lgnuiprau gs rcquasatgs mc maspglafaeamdmc, c quc sud odrdltad jsand scr dhustdmd pdrd rcstctarcssc mcsnuipraicltg.

G Icndlasig mc Vcmug mc Odrdltad Jsand (IVOJ) dpeandmg sgfrc d OJ igmuedmddhustdmd ci julg mds pcrmds md rcmc fsand ngljgric g jdtgr mc maspglafaeamdmc cstdfcecnamgpdrd g ciprcclmaicltg, vasdlmg g nenueg mg IVC. Cssd aljgridg mcffllamd pgr pdtdidr cscidld.

Ci gutrds pdedvrds, d dpeandg mg IVC prcncmamd mc uid dleasc md pcrjgridlncmds

usalds lg is gpcrdmg. Fdsandicltc, vcrafflnd-sc qude jga d almaspglafaeamdmc md usald c ngipdrd-sc ngi g ui vdegr mc rcjcrlnad cstdfcecnamg pced DLCCE. Ndsg d usald tcl`d pcridlcnamgalmaspglvce pgr ui pcrgmg supcragr dg prcvastg, sud OJ scr rcmuzamd pdrd dpeandg mg IVC.

Jaourd 448 Vcprcscltdg mg IVOJ mc uid usald.

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3 Icndlasig mc rcdegndg mc clcroad - IVC

Ngig mcsnratg dltcragricltc tgmd d prgmug mc clcroad cetrand mc uid usald cst marctd-icltc rcednagldmd dg mcspdn`g ncltrdeazdmg mg GL^, ecvdlmg ci nglsamcrdg d maspglafaeamdmc

mc ndmd uid, sclmg mcspdn`dmds vasdlmg ialaiazdr gs nustgs mc gpcrdnagldas c vasdlmg g iclgrnustg idroalde pgssvce, tclmg-sc ci vastd jdtgrcs ngig8 dstulnad àmrgeoand, dridzcldicltgmc oud mgs rcscrvdtrags, gs prcgs gjcrtdmgs pceds usalds triands c ds rcstracs gpcrdnag-ldas. Mcssd jgrid, gs docltcs ocrdmgrcs suhcatgs dg mcspdn g ncltrdeazdmg pceg GL^ lg tingltrgec sgfrc scu lvce mc ocrdg, almcpclmcltcicltc mg ngiprgiassg mc vclmd mc clcroadrcdeazdmg dtrdvs mgs ngltrdtgs. Ngiprgiassg quc vasdi g dtclmaicltg mg 4;;% md odrdltadjsand mcffllamg lg ngltrdtg

D cxastlnad saolafflndtavd cltrc ds rcoacs mg pdas, mdmds ds maiclscs cxtclsds mg Frdsae,ecvdi d pcrgmgs scngs c iamgs lg ngalnamcltcs c, pgr nglscoualtc, mcidlmdi ui stuxg

mc clcroad cetrand cltrc cssds rcoacs. Lg ÂL, fdsandicltc, sg nglsamcrdmgs ds scoualtcsrcoacs ngig sufsastcids8 ûe (^), ûmcstc c Ncltrg-cstc (^C/NG), Lgrtc (L) c Lgrmcstc (LC).[grtdltg, uid rcoag ci pcrgmg scng mcvc dridzcldr oud c, mcssd jgrid, prgmuz clcroad cilvcas dfdaxg md imad, clqudltg uid rcoag iamd prgmuz dnaid md imad.

G Icndlasig mc Vcdegndg mc Clcroad (IVC) jga nglncfamg pdrd ngipdrtae`dr rasngs(fflldlncargs, àmrgeoangs) cltrc gs altcordltcs ld ngicrnadeazdg mc clcroad pceds usalds à-mrueands mcspdn`dmds mc igmg ncltrdeazdmg c gtaiazdmg pceg GL^.

Gutrg jdtgr quc igstrd d lcncssamdmc mg IVC d cxastlnad mc vrads usalds ci ndsndtd,mcvamg dg jdtg quc d gpcrdg taid almavamude lg lcncssdradicltc ngrrcspglmc d uid gpc-rdg taid mg sastcid ngig ui tgmg. ^clmg g mcspdn`g ncltrdeazdmg, d oud ngipdrtae`dmdpgr tgmgs c d ocrdg ncltrdeazdmd c lg mg prgpractrag md usald, g icndlasig ialaiazd cngipdrtae`d gs rasngs altrlscngs md vclmd mc clcroad lg eglog prdzg.

G IVC dsscourd quc, lg prgncssg md ngltdfaeazdg ld NNCC, tgmds ds usalds pdrtanapdltcsrcncfdi scus lvcas mc odrdltad jsand almcpclmcltcicltc md prgmug rcde mc clcroad, mcsmcquc d ocrdg tgtde mg IVC lg cstchd dfdaxg mg tgtde md odrdltad jsand mg ÂL. Ci gutrdspdedvrds, g IVC rcdegnd d clcroad cltrc gs altcordltcs mg icndlasig, trdlsjcralmg g cxncmcltcmdqucecs quc ocrdrdi dei mc suds odrdltads jsands pdrd dqucecs quc ocrdrdi dfdaxg.

D Jaourd 46 cstdfcecnc d rcedg cltrc g imueg mc rcords rcjcrcltc dg IVC c gs mcidas i-muegs mds rcords mc ngicrnadeazdg md Nidrd mc Ngicrnadeazdg mc Clcroad Cectrand NNCC.

Mc igmg saipeafflndmg, d clcroad nglsgeamdmd mds usalds pdrtanapdltcs mg IVC cstdfcecnamdlg imueg Icmag Ngltfae ngljrgltdmd ngi d odrdltad jsand mcsscs ciprcclmaicltgs,ndenuedmd lg imueg Odrdltad Jsand c dhustdmd pdrd g IVC.

G rcsuetdmg mg prgncssdicltg mg IVC mcvc scr trdtdmg ci julg mds cvcltudas cxpgsacscltrc suficrndmgs c tdifi utaeazdmg pdrd dpurdg mds majcrclds lg Icrndmg mc Nurtg [rdzg(IN[).

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Jaourd 468 Vcedg mg imueg IVC. Jgltc8 NNCC.

3.4 Nglncatgs FsangsG imueg Icndlasig mc Vcdegndg mc Clcroad - IVC mg NNCC, csqucidtazdmg ld

fflourd 4> dfdaxg, dprcscltd ds ctdpds mgs nenuegs lcncssrags pdrd mctcrialdr d qudltamdmc mcclcroad quc mcvc scr degndmd pdrd ngfrar d odrdltad jsand mds usalds pdrtanapdltcs mg icndlasig,d qudltamdmc rcedtavd degndg mc clcroad scnulmrad, fci ngig g vdegr fflldlncarg rcedtavg ngipclsdg mgs ocrdmgrcs quc prgmuzardi d clcroad cetrand rcdegndmd8

Jaourd 4>8 Csqucid Ocrde mg Imueg mc Vcords IVC. Jgltc8 NNCC.

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Gfscrvdi-sc, d scouar, ds ctdpds mg prgncssg8

Clcroad ^cnulmrad8 ]ci pgr gfhctavg d mctcrialdg md odrdltad jsand igmuedmddhustdmd pdrd g IVC c g marcatg clcroad scnulmrad mds usalds pdrtanapdltcs mg IVC.

D odrdltad jsand igmuedmd dhustdmd pceg jdtgr mc maspglafaeamdmc md uid usald,ndenuedmg lg imueg Odrdltad Jsand mcsnratg dltcragricltc, sgidmg ngi tgmdsds gutrds OJ mds usalds pdrtanapdltcs mg IVC c dssai gftcr d odrdltad jsand mgIVC. D ocrdg tgtde mds usalds pdrtanapdltcs mg IVC lg pcrgmg ngicrnadeazdmg sgidmg pdrd dssai gftcr d ocrdg tgtde dorcodmd mg IVC.

Mc usg mcstds muds vdravcas, ndenuedmg g dhustc mg IVC quc rcprcscltd d rcedgcltrc d ocrdg tgtde dorcodmd mg IVC c odrdltad jsand mg IVC. Ngig igstrdmgld fflourd 4=.

Jaourd 4=8 Vcprcscltdg orfflnd mg prgncssg mc mctcrialdg mg Dhustc mg IVC pgr pdtdidr.Jgltc8 NNCC.

D cxastlnad mc clcroad scnulmrad mg IVC ci ui pdtdidr c scidld ngiprgvdmdqudlmg g vdegr mg dhustc mg IVC lg pcrgmg supcragr d ui.

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[drd gs pcrgmgs md scidld c pdtdidr glmc ` clcroad scnulmrad, d odrdltad jsanddhustdmd pdrd ds usalds pdrtanapdltcs mg IVC lg sgjrc lgvg dhustc ci julg mgicndlasig. G marcatg odrdltad jsand mc ndmd usald cstdfcecnamg pdrd glmc `clcroad scnulmrad pdrd degndg. G vdegr mc tde marcatg mcffllamg ld prgpgrg mdodrdltad jsand mc ndmd usald. Igstrdmg ld fflourd 43.

Jaourd 438 Vcprcscltdg orfflnd mg prgncssg mc mctcrialdg mg Marcatg Clcroad ^cnulmrad(cx.8 pdtdidr imag). Jgltc8 NNCC.

Lgs pcrgmgs ci quc lg ` clcroad scnulmrad, astg , qudlmg g dhustc mg IVC aljcragr gu aoude d ui, d odrdltad jsand mds usalds mg IVC sgjrc ui lgvg dhustcpdrd pcriatar d ngipectd ngfcrturd md odrdltad jsand pced ocrdg maspglvce pdrdg orupg mc usalds altcordltcs mg IVC. Igstrdmg ld fflourd 4:.

Mfflnats c ^gfrds mds Ssalds mg IVC8 Lcssd ctdpd amcltafflnd-sc ci qudas fegngs(scidld c pdtdidr) ` sgfrd gu mfflnat mc ocrdg, ngipdrdlmg-sc d ocrdg ffllde mcndmd usald ngi scu rcspcntavg vdegr mc odrdltad jsand.

D sgfrd mc ocrdg mc uid usald ndenuedmd pced majcrcld pgsatavd cltrc d ocrdgffllde c d odrdltad jsand igmuedmd dhustdmd pdrd g IVC, vdegr quc cstdfcecnamg pgrscidld c pdtdidr. G mfflnat mc ocrdg mc uid usald, quc rcprcscltd d lcncssamdmcmc ngfcrturd, cstdfcecnamg pced majcrcld pgsatavd cltrc d odrdltad jsand igmuedmddhustdmd c d ocrdg ffllde mc ndmd usald. Igstrdmg ld fflourd 4?.

Lcncssamdmcs mc Ngfcrturd mc Odrdltads Jsands pgr suficrndmg8 mctcrialdsgfrd c mfflnat tgtdas mc ocrdg ci rcedg s odrdltads jsands mg sastcid, pdrd ndmdsuficrndmg, scidld c pdtdidr.

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Jaourd 4:8 Vcprcscltdg orfflnd mg prgncssg mc Mctcrialdg md Odrdltad Jsand IgmuedmdDhustdmd pdrd g IVC (cx.8 pdrd pdtdidr pcsdmg). Jgltc8 NNCC.

Jaourd 4?8 Vcprcscltdg orfflnd mg prgncssg mc nenueg mc sgfrds c mfflnats mc usalds mg IVCpgr scidld c pdtdidr. Jgltc8 NNCC.

Dps amcltafflndr d sgfrd c mfflnat mc ocrdg mc ndmd usald, jdz-sc lcncssrag mctcr-ialdr gs igltdltcs mc sgfrds c mfflnats ci ndmd suficrndmg.

G mfflnat tgtde mc ocrdg pgr suficrndmg rcprcscltd d sgid mgs mfflnats mc ocrdg

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dpurdmgs pdrd usalds mc ui icsig suficrndmg. D sgfrd tgtde mc ocrdg pgrsuficrndmg rcprcscltd g dorupdicltg mc tgmd ocrdg dnaid md odrdltad jsanddhustdmd pceg IVC mds usalds mc ui icsig suficrndmg. Igstrdmg ld fflourd 40.

Jaourd 408 Vcprcscltdg orfflnd mg prgncssg mc mctcrialdg mc mfflnats c sgfrds mc odrdltad

jsand pgr suficrndmg. Jgltc8 NNCC.

D rcedg cltrc mfflnats c sgfrds mc ocrdg pgr suficrndmg, mctcriald d pdrnced mdodrdltad jsand quc mcvc scr ngfcrtd, ndsg `dhd maspglafaeamdmc. ]de rcedg cvamclnadd cxastlnad, gu lg, mc cxncmcltc mg IVC pdrd uid cvcltude ngfcrturd md odrdltadjsand lgs mcidas suficrndmgs.

Tudlmg d sgfrd tgtde mc ocrdg mc ui suficrndmg lg sufflnacltc pdrd ngfrar gmfflnat tgtde mcec icsig, g vdegr md ngfcrturd maspglvce mc odrdltad jsand dssuicg vdegr mds sgfrds tgtdas mds usalds. Lcssd nglmag lg sc vcrafflnd d jgridg mc

ui cxncmcltc pdrd cvcltude ngfcrturd md odrdltad jsand mgs mcidas suficrndmgs.Igstrdmg ld fflourd 41.

Jaourd 418 Vcprcscltdg orfflnd mg prgncssg mc mctcrialdg md Tudltamdmc Maspglvce pdrdNgfcrturd mc Odrdltad. Jgltc8 NNCC.

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Tudlmg d sgfrd tgtde mc ocrdg mc ui suficrndmg sufflnacltc pdrd ngfrar g mfflnattgtde lcssc icsig suficrndmg, g vdegr md ngfcrturd maspglvce dssuic g vdegr mgmfflnat c dalmd vadfaeazd d jgridg mc ui cxncmcltc mg IVC pdrd dtclmaicltg mdslcncssamdmcs lgs mcidas suficrndmgs. Igstrdmg ld fflourd 6;.

Jaourd 6;8 Vcprcscltdg orfflnd mg prgncssg mc mctcrialdg md qudltamdmc maspglvce pdrdngfcrturd mc odrdltad c mg cxncmcltc mg IVC. Jgltc8 NNCC.

Ngfcrturd mgs Mfflnats Dpurdmgs8 G IVC fusnd pcriatar quc tgmds ds usalds pdr-tanapdltcs mcssc icndlasig rcncfdi scus lvcas mc odrdltad jsand almcpclmcltcicltc mcscus lvcas rcdas mc ocrdg mc clcroad, mcsmc quc d ocrdg tgtde mg IVC lg cstchddfdaxg mg tgtde md odrdltad jsand mg icndlasig.

[ragratdradicltc, d odrdltad jsand mc uid usald mcvc scr dtclmamd pceg cxncmcltc mc

ocrdg mds usalds quc pcrtclnci dg icsig suficrndmg. D pdrnced mc ngfcrturdmd odrdltad jsand julg mg mfflnat mc ocrdg mds usalds.

^c mctcrialdmd usald lg dprcscltd mfflnat mc ocrdg ci rcedg sud odrdltadjsand, cltg d sud ngfcrturd md odrdltad jsand lued. ^c mctcrialdmd usald dprcscltdmfflnat mc ocrdg pdrd uid mctcrialdmd scidld c pdtdidr, cltg d ngfcrturd mdodrdltad jsand md usald cstdfcecnamd ngi fdsc lg mfflnat mc ocrdg md usald, ldprgpgrg md qudltamdmc maspglvce pdrd ngfcrturd mg mfflnat tgtde mc odrdltad jsand,difgs mg suficrndmg md usald. Igstrdmg ld fflourd 64.

Ndsg, pdrd ui mctcrialdmg pdtdidr c scidld, g mfflnat mc ocrdg mc uid usald lg

schd altcordeicltc supramg pced odrdltad jsand maspglvce lg scu suficrndmg, cltg gmfflnat rcidlcsncltc pgmcr scr ngipecicltdmg pced ocrdg mc gutrg suficrndmg.

^c g mfflnat tgtde mc ocrdg lg suficrndmg md usald jgr aoude ngfcrturd maspglvce,cltg d pgssvce ngfcrturd md usald ci ui suficrndmg mavcrsg mdqucec glmc scegndeazd zcrg, gu schd, lg ` lcncssamdmc mc ngipecicltdg cxtcrld.

Ndsg g mfflnat tgtde mc ocrdg lg suficrndmg md usald jgr supcragr ngfcrturdmaspglvce, c cxastc d lcncssamdmc mc ngipecicltdg cxtcrld. ]de ngipecicltdg cjctudmd ngltdfaeicltc ci ui gutrg suficrndmg quc prcnasd mcssd ngfcrturd.

D degndg mc odrdltad jsand ci gutrgs suficrndmgs tci marcatg d devag mc cx-pgsag. Cltrctdltg, cssc marcatg dg devag lg sc cstclmc s degndcs mc clcroadscnulmrad. Igstrdmg ld fflourd 66.

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Jaourd 648 Vcprcscltdg orfflnd mg prgncssg mc mctcrialdg ngfcrturd maspglvce mc odrdltadjsand md usald lg scu suficrndmg (cx.8 suficrndmg sue c pdtdidr pcsdmg). Jgltc8 NNCC

Dtclmaicltg mg Marcatg Clcroad ^cnulmrad8 cssd ctdpd ndenued d sgfrd maspglvcepdrd degndg mc clcroad scnulmrad ci ndmd suficrndmg c d ngfcrturd maspglvce pdrdndmd usald pdrtanapdltc mg IVC.

D sgfrd maspglvce pdrd degndg mc clcroad scnulmrad mctcrialdmd pgr suficr-ndmg. Cssd degndg cstdfcecnamg d pdrtar mds sgfrds tgtdas mc ocrdg dpurdmdsci ndmd suficrndmg mcsngltdmds ds clcroads utaeazdmds pdrd ngfcrturd mds odrdltadsjsands mds usalds mcfflnatrads.

G marcatg clcroad scnulmrad altcordeazdmg pgr suficrndmg ndenuedmg pced sgidmc tgmgs gs marcatgs clcroad scnulmrad pdrtanuedrcs ci suficrndmg.

Ndsg d sgfrd maspglvce schd supcragr dg marcatg clcroad scnulmrad altcordeazdmgpgr suficrndmg, cltg d majcrcld mcsscs mgas vdegrcs ngrrcspglmc dg cxncmcltc mcclcroad scnulmrad maspglvce. Igstrdmg ld fflourd 6>

Ndsg d sgfrd maspglvce schd aljcragr gu aoude dg marcatg clcroad scnulmrad al-tcordeazdmg pgr suficrndmg, cltg lg ` cxncmcltc mc clcroad scnulmrad pdrd gpdtdidr c scidld ngrrcspglmcltc.

Ndsg d sgfrd maspglvce lg suficrndmg glmc d usald cst egndeazdmd schd aoude gusupcragr dg marcatg clcroad scnulmrad ldqucec icsig suficrndmg, cltg tgmd d ng-

fcrturd maspglvce mc clcroad scnulmrad md usald scr dtclmamd pced maspglafaeamdmcmdqucec suficrndmg. Lcssc ndsg, `dvcr sgfrd maspglvce pdrd cvcltude ngfcrturdci gutrgs suficrndmgs. Cxcipeafflndmg ld fflourd 6=.

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Jaourd 668 Vcprcscltdg orfflnd mg prgncssg mc mctcrialdg ngfcrturd maspglvce mc odrdltadjsand md usald ci gutrgs suficrndmgs (cx.8 suficrndmg sue c pdtdidr pcsdmg). Jgltc8 NNCC.

Jaourd 6>8 Vcprcscltdg orfflnd mg prgncssg mc mctcrialdg mg Cxncmcltc mc Clcroad ^cnul-

mrad. Jgltc8 NNCC.

Ndsg d sgfrd maspglvce lg suficrndmg md usald lg schd sufflnacltc pdrd dtclmcr altc-ordeicltc g marcatg clcroad scnulmrad md usald, cltg d pdrnced pdrd ngfcrturd mdclcroad scnulmrad prgvclacltc mg prprag suficrndmg scr ld prgpgrg mg marcatg clcroad scnulmrad md usald. Lcssc ndsg, d ngfcrturd md usald ngipecicltdmdpced qudltamdmc maspglvce mc clcroad scnulmrad ci gutrgs suficrndmgs. Csscs vd-egrcs sg mctcrialdmgs ci julg mgs cvcltudas cxncmcltcs mc clcroad scnulmraddpurdmgs lgs mcidas suficrndmgs.

Majcrcltcicltc mg trdtdicltg mdmg degndg md clcroad rcjcrcltc odrdltad jsand,d degndg mc Clcroad ^cnulmrad ci suficrndmgs majcrcltcs mdqucec glmc cst egnd-eazdmd d usald mg docltc lg tci marcatg dg devag mc cxpgsag. Igstrdmg ld fflourd

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Jaourd 6=8 Vcprcscltdg orfflnd mg prgncssg mc mctcrialdg md Ngfcrturd Maspglvce mcClcroad ^cnulmrad md usald (cx.8 suficrndmg sue c pdtdidr imag). Jgltc8 NNCC.

63.

Mctcrialdg mgs Dhustcs ]gtdas mg IVC8cssd ctdpd ndenued gs dhustcs tgtdas rcprc-scltdmgs pceg stuxg mc clcroad dpurdmg lg IVC pdrd ndmd ciprcclmaicltg pdrtanapdltcmg icndlasig.

G stuxg mc clcroad mg IVC tgtdeazd d clcroad dhustdmd mc ndmd usald ci julg mgicndlasig, nglsamcrdlmg d cvcltude ngfcrturd md odrdltad jsand c g dtclmaicltg dgmarcatg clcroad scnulmrad.

G stuxg mc clcroad mg IVC lg suficrndmg mc ndmd usald mctcrialdmg pceg rcsue-tdmg mds degndcs cjctudmds pceg IVC ci ndmd suficrndmg.

G stuxg mc clcroad rcdeazdmg lg prprag suficrndmg ngrrcspglmc majcrcld cltrcclcroad degndmd pdrd d usald, schd pdrd ngfcrturd mc sud odrdltad jsand gu ci julgmc scu marcatg sgfrc pdrtc md clcroad scnulmrad, c d sgfrd mc sud ocrdg trdlsjcramddg IVC.

G stuxg mc clcroad ci gutrgs suficrndmgs mctcrialdmg, ngi fdsc lds degndcsrcdeazdmds pceg IVC lgs gutrgs suficrndmgs, gu schd, ngrrcspglmc sgid md clcr-oad degndmd mc gutrgs suficrndmgs pdrd ngfcrturd mc sud odrdltad jsand c d clcroad

degndmd mc gutrgs suficrndmgs pdrd dtclmaicltg dg scu marcatg Clcroad ^cnulm-rad.

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Jaourd 638 Vcprcscltdg orfflnd mg prgncssg mc mctcrialdg md Ngfcrturd Maspglvce mcClcroad ^cnulmrad md usald (cx.8 suficrndmg lgrtc c pdtdidr imag). Jgltc8 NNCC.

Ngipclsdg md Ocrdg lg IVC8D ngipclsdg mc ocrdg lg IVC, ndenuedmdlcssd etaid ctdpd, vasd mcffllar g rcssdrnaicltg mg nustg md ocrdg mc uid usald quctcvc quc maspgr mc pdrtc mc sud prgmug pdrd dtclmcr d pdrnced md odrdltad jsand gumarcatg clcroad scnulmrad mds mcidas usalds pdrtanapdltcs mg IVC, fci ngig mcffllarg nustg mds usalds mcvcmgrds dg IVC.

D clcroad cltrcouc dg IVC c d clcroad rcncfamd mg IVC, sg mctcrialdmds ngifdsc lg stuxg mc clcroad mg IVC.

Ngig d clcroad cltrcouc dg IVC rcprcscltd d sgfrd mc ocrdg md usald quc jgadegndmd s usalds ngi mfflnats mc ocrdg, g rcncfaicltg mg IVC g igltdltcfflldlncarg mctcrialdmg pced dpeandg md ]drajd mc Clcroad mc Gtaiazdg (]CG),md usald, ld clcroad cltrcouc dg IVC, d ttueg mc ngipclsdg, pced clcroad degndmdci julg md pdrtanapdg lg IVC.

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G nenueg mg tgtde mc pdodicltg dg IVC tgtdeazd g qudltg ds usalds quc rcncfcrdiclcroad mg IVC ti quc pdodr s usalds quc cltrcodrdi clcroad dg IVC. G pd-odicltg mg IVC rcprcscltd g pdodicltg, mc ndmd usald, pced clcroad degndmd cijulg md pdrtanapdg lg IVC. G [dodicltg mg IVC mctcrialdmg pceg rdtcagmg tgtde mc pdodicltg dg IVC cltrc ds usalds quc dprcscltdrdi mfflnat mc ocrdg.

D nglsgeamdg mg IVC nglsgeamd g qudltg ndmd usald tci d pdodr gu d rcncfcr mgIVC, lg is mc dpurdg. D Ngipclsdg mg IVC dorupd, pgr docltc, g rcsuetdmgmc tgmds ds suds usalds pdrtanapdltcs mg IVC, lg is mc dpurdg. Ngig igstrdmgld fflourd 6:.

Jaourd 6:8 Ngipclsdg mcvamd ci julg mg IVC. Jgltc8 NNCC.

3.6 [drtanapdg lg IVC

Cssc icndlasig dfrdloc tgmds ds usalds `amrcetrands suhcatds dg mcspdn`g ncltrdeazdmg,ngljgric rcouedicltdg vaocltc, cxneumds ds clcroads mc tcstc ndenuedmds lg imueg IcmagNgltfae pdrd ds usalds ci jdsc mc igtgrazdg.

Ds [cquclds Ncltrdas @amrcetrands [N@s pgmci csnge`cr pdrtanapdr mg IVC gu lg,rcspcatdlmg gs imuegs cspcnfflngs mgs [rgncmaicltgs mc Ngicrnadeazdg ([mNs) quc dfgrmdicssc tcid.

3.> Ngfcrturd mc Odrdltad Jsand c degndg mc clcroad

^coulmg g IVC, ndmd ocrdmgr mcvcr rcncfcr, sgf g pgltg mc vastd ngltfae, scu lvce mcodrdltad jsand ndenuedmg. Cssd nglmag mcvc gngrrcr mcsmc quc gs ocrdmgrcs pdrtanapdltcs mgIVC, ngig ui tgmg, prgmuzdi, mc idlcard nglhultd, clcroad sufflnacltc pdrd ngfrar tgmd dodrdltad jsand mds usalds altcordltcs mg icndlasig.

^c g tgtde md prgmug mcstaldmd dg IVC mds usalds pdrtanapdltcs jgr aoude odrdltad jsandmg IVC, cltg ndmd usald tcr degndg aoude sud odrdltad jsand ndenuedmd.

D degndg mc clcroad mds usalds ngi cxncmcltc mc ocrdg ci rcedg odrdltad jsand pdrddquceds quc dprcscltdrdi mfflnat mc ocrdg ci rcedg odrdltad jsand jcatd,pragratdradicltc,cltrc usalds egndeazdmds ci ui icsig suficrndmg, ngljgric rcprcscltdg orfflnd md fflourd6?.

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G cvcltude cxncmcltc rcidlcsncltc ci ui suficrndmg maspglafaeazdmg pdrd usalds satu-dmds ci suficrndmgs mcfflnatrags, dt g prccln`aicltg mgs scus lvcas mc odrdltad jsand.

Mcstdnd-sc quc, ngltdfaeicltc, d clcroad degndmd pcridlcnc valnuedmd dg suficrndmg glmcced jga ocrdmd, lg `dvclmg trdlsjcrlnad jsand mc clcroad cetrand pdrd g suficrndmg glmc scegndeazd g ciprcclmaicltg ngi mfflnat mc ocrdg ci rcedg odrdltad jsand.

Gngrrc, pgrtdltg, uid trdlsjcrlnad mc prgpracmdmc md clcroad mc uid usald pdrd gutrd,dssgnadmd d uid ngipclsdg fflldlncard nglsgeamdmd pgr docltc pdrtanapdltc mg IVC.

3.= Clcroad ^cnulmradNdsg d prgmug tgtde mc clcroad cetrand mg IVC schd idagr mg quc d odrdltad jsand tgtde mg

IVC, ds usalds altcordltcs pgssuarg g marcatg mc rcncfcr uid pdrtc mcssc cvcltude cxncmcltcdpurdmg dei mc suds odrdltads jsands. Cssc cxncmcltc n`didmg Clcroad ^cnulmrad c degndmg d tgmds ds usalds pdrtanapdltcs mg IVC, ld prgpgrg mc suds odrdltads jsandscstdfcecnamds.

Lcssc ndsg, ds usalds quc tci prgmug mcstaldmd dg IVC dnaid mc sud odrdltad jsandtrdlsjcrci cssc cxncmcltc dg IVC, pdrd mcpgas rcncfcr pdrtc md clcroad scnulmrad ld prgpgr-g mc sud odrdltad jsand.

Ds usalds quc tci prgmug mcstaldmd dg IVC dfdaxg mc sud odrdltad jsand rcncfci mgIVC, pgr sud vcz, tdltg d ngipecicltdg mc sud odrdltad jsand qudltg sud pdrtc prgpgrnagldemd clcroad scnulmrad.

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Jaourd 6?8 Vcprcscltdg mg prgncssg mc degndg mc clcroad pdrd ngfcrturd mc odrdltad jsand.Jgltc8 NNCC.

Dssai ngig d degndg md clcroad pdrd ngfcrturd mc odrdltad jsand, d degndg mc clcroadscnulmrad tdifi rcdeazdmd pragratdradicltc mcltrg mg suficrndmg glmc jga ocrdmd.

^c, icsig dps d degndg mc clcroad scnulmrad mcltrg mg prprag suficrndmg md usald,cssc ciprcclmaicltg dalmd pgssuar ui sdemg d rcncfcr mg marcatg clcroad scnulmrad, d usald

rcncfc cssd pdrnced mg marcatg lgs suficrndmgs ci quc `guvcr maspglafaeamdmc pdrd dtclmaicltg.Md icsid jgrid quc lg prgncssg mc ngfcrturd md odrdltad jsand lg IVC, d clcroad degndmd

mc clcroad scnulmrad pcridlcnc ngltdfaeicltc valnuedmd dg suficrndmg glmc ced jga ocrdmdc tdifi cst dtrcedmd d uid ngipclsdg fflldlncard vdegrdmd ]CG.

3.3 Ngipclsdg mgs Nustgs mc Ocrdg

Gs nustgs vdravcas, dssgnadmgs gpcrdg (cxnctg ngifustvce) c ngipclsdcs fflldlncardspceg usg md oud, rcjcrcltcs prgmug mc clcroad quc rcdegndmd mcltrg mg IVC, sg rcssdr-

namgs pgr icag md tdrajd mc clcroad mc gtaiazdg (]CG) dssgnadmd d ndmd usald pdrtanapdltcmg icndlasig.Cstd tdrajd, cxprcssd ci V$/I_`, cstdfcecnamds pced DLCCE c tci pgr gfhctavg ngi-

pclsdr fflldlncardicltc gs docltcs mc ocrdg quc jgrlcnci clcroad dg IVC almavamudeicltc.Ced pdod pcegs docltcs prgpractrags mc usalds pdrtanapdltcs mg IVC quc sc tgrldi rcncp-tgrcs equamgs mc clcroad cetrand, schd ci julg md ngfcrturd mc odrdltad jsand gu rcedtavg degndg mc clcroad scnulmrad. Cssd ngipclsdg gngrrc mcltrg mg prgncssg mc ngltdfaeazdgmd NNCC, ld jgrid mc ui dhustc ld pr-eaquamdg mds ciprcsds.

3.: Cxpgsag

D degndg mc clcroad cetrand, pdrd ngfcrturd md odrdltad jsand ci suficrndmgs majcrcltcsmdqucecs glmc sc clngltrdi ds usalds pdrtanapdltcs mg IVC, pgmc dndrrctdr d n`didmd cxpg-

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Jaourd 608 Vcprcscltdg mg prgncssg mc degndg md clcroad scnulmrad. Jgltc8 NNCC.

sag majcrcld mc prcgs cltrc suficrndmgs, ci julg md majcrcld cltrc gs [EMs dpurdmgslgs majcrcltcs suficrndmgs.

D degndg mc pdrtc mcssd clcroad, ci ui suficrndmg vdegrdmg d ui [EM mavcrsg mdqucecci quc sc clngltrd d usald, pgmc dndrrctdr ci odl`g gu prchuzg. Odl`g gu cxpgsag pg-satavd, lg ndsg mg [EM scr idagr quc g cstdfcecnamg pdrd g suficrndmg prprag md usald, c

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prchuzg gu cxpgsag lcodtavd, pdrd g ndsg ngltrrag, ci quc g [EM cstdfcecnamg lg suficr-ndmg glmc d usald rcncfcu pdrtc mc sud odrdltad jsand iclgr quc lg scu prprag suficrndmg.

Vcssdetd-sc quc d degndg mc clcroad cetrand, pdrd ngfcrturd md odrdltad jsand ci suficr-ndmgs majcrcltcs mdqucec glmc cst egndeazdmd d usald mg docltc, pgssua marcatg dg devag mcssdcxpgsag. Cssc marcatg dg devag lg sc cstclmc pdrd ds degndcs mc clcroad scnulmrad.

G trdtdicltg mg devag mds cxpgsacs fflldlncards mcngrrcltcs mds trgnds mc clcroad lgifatg mg IVC gfhctg mg imueg ]rdtdicltg mc Cxpgsacs Jaldlncards c lg scr trdtdmglcssc imueg.

: Nglneuscs

Lg prcscltc trdfde`g jgrdi dprcscltdmg mc idlcard altrgmutrad d ngicrnadeazdg mc clcr-oad cetrand lg Frdsae, gpcrdmd fdsandicltc pced Nidrd mc Ngicrnadeazdg mc Clcroad Cetrand- NNCC. Cljdtazdlmg ci nglncatgs mc odrdltad jsand, edstrg, duslnad mc dutglgiad lg scoicltgmd ocrdg c icrndmg mc nurtg prdzg. ^clmg d ngicrnadeazdg mc clcroad ui jcliclg ngl-trdtude, glmc gs ngltrdtgs lg aipeandi, lcncssdradicltc, g ngiprgiassg mc cltrcod jsand mcclcroad pgr pdrtc mg docltc mc ocrdg, pgmclmg scr cltrcouc pgr gutrg docltc, rcssdevdlmg-sc quc ds rcspglsdfaeamdmcs mcssd cltrcod ngltaludi sclmg mg docltc vclmcmgr rcjcramg lgngltrdtg, pgssvce dtrdvs md odrdltad jsand c mg edstrg.

G icndlasig mc rcdegndg mc clcroad (IVC) prgpc g ngipdrtae`dicltg mgs rasngs `a-mrgeoangs dssgnadmgs gtaiazdg cectrgclcrotand mg ^AL, gtaiazdg quc jcatd mc jgridncltrdeazdmd pceg GL^, pgr icag mg qude uid usald quc dprcscltd uid sgfrd mc ocrdg degnd,

ngltdfaeicltc, pdrtc mc sud prgmug mc clcroad pdrd ngfrar cvcltude mfflnat mc ocrdg mc uidusald quc lg nglscouau dtaloar g vdegr mc sud odrdltad jsand.

H g icndlasig mc rcmug mc odrdltad jsand (IVOJ), prcncmcltc mg IVC, quc dpeandmgngljgric dg jdtgr mc maspglafaeamdmc, vcrafflnd sc d usald pdrtanapdltc mg IVC nuiprau gulg gs rcquasatgs mc maspglafaeamdmc. Ndsg d usald tcl`d pcridlcnamg almaspglvce pgr uipcrgmg supcragr dg cstapuedmg pced DLCCE, g icsig tcr d sud odrdltad jsand rcmuzamd pdrdd dpeandg lg IVC. Majcrcld quc tcr quc scr dmquaramd lg icrndmg mc nurtg prdzg, ngi uiprcg ([EM) fci idagr quc d tdrajd mc clcroad mc gtaiazdg (]CG).

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Vcjcrlnads

R4Y ]geidsquai, I. ]. Lgvg Igmceg mg ^ctgr Cetrang Frdsaecarg. Cmatgrd^ylcroad, Vag mc Hdlcarg, 6;44.

R6Y Lcry, C. Icrndmgs c Vcouedg mc Clcroad Cetrand. Cmatgrd Altcrnalnad,Vag mc Hdlcarg, 6;46.

R>Y Jdeng, M. Lgtds mc dued. Igmcegs mc [edlchdicltg md Cxpdlsg mc ^astc-ids mc Clcroad Cetrand. SJVH, Vag mc Hdlcarg, 6;4=.

R=Y Vcords mc Ngicrnadeazdg. Odrdltad Jsand. Nidrd mc Ngicrnadeazdgmc Clcroad Cetrand - NNCC, Zcrsg 6;4=. 6.;.

R3Y Vcords mc Ngicrnadeazdg. Icndlasig mc Vcdegndg mc Clcroad. N-idrd mc Ngicrnadeazdg mc Clcroad Cetrand - NNCC, Zcrsg 6;4=. ;.;.

R:Y Ictgmgegoad mc Nenueg md Odrdltad Jsand mds Ssalds. Ciprcsd mc [cs-quasd Clcrotand - C[C, ,Hue`g mc 6;;0.

R?Y Nidrd mc Ngicrnadeazdg mc Clcroad Cetrand - NNCC. Maspglvce ci85www.nncc.gro.fr

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