Tópicos em HISTORIA DA ECOLOGIA
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Transcript of Tópicos em HISTORIA DA ECOLOGIA
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Tópicos emHISTORIA DA ECOLOGIA
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Ernst H.P. A. Haeckel (1834-1919)
O termo “Ecologia” (Oikos + Logos) foi criado em 1866...
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Karl August Möbius (1825-1908)
Biocenose...
Alfred R. Wallace (1823-1913)Eugen Warming (1841-1924)
Seleção natural e ambiente Biogeografia
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Sir Arthur George Tansley (1871-1955)
Em 1935, definiu Ecosistema como "... the whole system ... including not only the organism-complex, but also the whole complex of physical factors forming what we call the environment ...”
POPULAÇÕES, COMUNIDADES & ECOSISTEMAS
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Frederick E. Clements (1874-1945)The view that communities are superorganisms that can only be understood as wholes
Henry Allan Gleason (1882-1975)the idea that communities are merely functions of populations, and are not organized in any way
A questão da estruturação das comunidades....
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Robert Whittaker (1920-1980)
Padrões em gradiente para comunidades;
-Partição da diversidade(alpha, beta, gamma)
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Teoria neutra de Hubbell (2001)
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Georgy Gause (1910-1986)
O principio da exclusão competitiva
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Alfred J. Lotka (1881-1966 )
Vito Volterra (1860-1940)
Comunidades e interações populacionais entre espécies
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Eugene Odum (1913-2002)
Howard Odum (1923-2002)
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Robert May (Lord May of Oxford) (1936- )
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Sir John Lawton (1945-)
http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/portal/page/portallive/0FFA826F5A0806B3E0440003BACD13A5
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Joseph Grinnell (1877 - 1939)
Charles S. Elton (1900-1991)
-“Papel” ou “local” que o organismo ocupa na natureza;-Nicho é uma característica do AMBIENTE;-Um nicho pode ser ocupado por duas espécies (Elton)-Duas espécies podem ocupar o mesmo nicho (Grinnel e Elton)
NICHO ECOLÓGICO E DIVERSIDADE
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George Evelyn Hutchinson (1903 –1991)
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1 a
1 b
1 c
F i g u r a 1 : E s q u e m a d a d e f i n i ç ã o d e n i c h o e c o l ó g i c o p r o p o s t a p o r H u t c h i n s o n ( 1 9 5 7 ) , p a r a u m a ( 1 a ) , d u a s ( 1 b ) e t r ê s ( 1 c ) d i m e n s õ e s ( v a r i á v e i s ) .
x 3 ' '
x 1 ' 'x 1 '
x 3 'x 2 '
x 2 ' '
x 1 ' x 1 ' '
x 2 '
x 2 ' '
x 1 ' x 1 ' '
O conceito de NICHO MULTIDIMENSIONAL
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Robert Helmer MacArthur (1930-1972)
E. O. Wilson
MacArthur, R. H. & Wilson, E. O. 1967. The theory of island biogeography. Monographs in population biology. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
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Robert E. Ricklefs
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J. H. Brown B. A. Maurer
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Edward O. Wilson
ECOLOGIA COMPORTAMENTAL...
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Paul Erlich (1932-)
A QUESTÃO “AMBIENTAL”(Ecologia no sentido de impactos antrópicos...)
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Edward O. Wilson
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