topografia sim

8/18/2019 topografia sim

1/13

UNIVERSIDADE CEUMA

ARQUITETURA E URBANISMO

4º PERÍODO

PROF. GUSTAVO DI PAULA

BRUNO GONÇALVES ARAUJO – CPD:3525

TOPOGRAFIA

S!O LUÍS2"5


2/13

UNIVERSIDADE CEUMA

ARQUITETURA E URBANISMO

4º PERÍODO

PROF. GUSTAVO DI PAULA

BRUNO GONÇALVES ARAUJO – CPD:3525

TOPOGRAFIA

S!O LUÍS2"5

T#$%$&'( $ )*# $+#*)*,-$( $( P#(/*))(# G0)-$1( P$0&$ ((#*60)-( +#*),71*& +$#$(%-*,89( * ,(-$ ()*0,( %*,)-*.


3/13

SUMÁRIO

1.INTRODUÇÃO............................................................................................... 4

2.DESENVOLVIMENTO...................................................................................5

3. 1 PLANEJAMENTO DE LEVANTAMENTOS TOPOGRÁFICOS................6

3.2 CLASSIFICAÇÃO DE MÉTODOS.............................................................6

3.3 ETAPAS DE UM LEVANTAMENTO..........................................................7

3.4 TIPOS DE LEVANTAMENTOS TOPOGRÁFICOS EM FUNÇÃO DO

GRAU DE PRECISÃO......................................................................................

3.5 TIPOS DE LEVANTAMENTOS TOPOGRÁFICOS EM FUNÇÃO DOS

DADOS LEVANTADOS...................................................................................

3.6 APRESENTAÇÃO DOS MÉTODOS TRADICIONAIS...............................

3.7 ERRO NO USO DOS E!UIPAMENTOS.................................................1"

4. CONCLUSÃO.............................................................................................12

5.REFER#NCIAS $I$LIOGRÁFICAS...........................................................13


4/13

1.INTRODUÇÃO

A -(+(#$/$ -* +(# /,$&$* *-*#,$# ( (,-(#,( *,)9( *

+()89( #*&$-1$ * 0$ +(#89( &-$$ $ )0+*#/7* -*##*)-#* )* &*1$# *

(,-$ $ 0#1$-0#$ #*)0&-$,-* $ *)/*#$* -*##*)-#* ;ESPARTEL ".

O) ?-(() 0)$() +$#$ (&'*# () $() ,**))@#() +$#$ ( **0-$#

$ +&$,-$ ? '$$( * -(+(*-#$ 60* )* 1* * +&$,*-#$ * $&-*-#$.

A +&$,*-#$ ? $ #*+#*)*,-$89( * +#(*89( '(#(,-$& () *-$&'*)

*)-*,-*) ,$ )0+*#/7* $ $&-*-#$ *-*#,$ $) (-$) (0 )-,$)

1*#-$) * 0 *#-( ,*#( * +(,-() #*/*#() $( +&$,( '(#(,-$& *

+#(*89( ;ESPARTEL ".

A +(#-,$ $ T(+(#$/$ +$#$ $ $#60-*-0#$ ? #*-$ * ,**))@#$.

A( )* +#(*-$# 60$&60*# (%#$ ? ,**))@#( ( +#?1( &*1$,-$*,-( -(+(#@/(

( &0$# (,* $ *)$ *1*#$ )*# +&$,-$$ $7 $ +(#-,$ $

-(+(#$/$ 60* )* *,$##*$ ( &*1$,-$*,-( (0 *89( 60* *1*#@ )*#

+#*)( * $$+-$( $( -*##*,(.

N$ -(+(#$/$ '@ 0$ )?#* *-*,)$ * $-*#$) * )* ,9( '(01*#

0$() *)+*7/() (( 0 %( $,0)*( *)-*) $0*,-$)* $ '$,*

* -*# 0 #$,* ,*#( * *##(). E##() *))*) 60* +(* )*# * 60$&$*:

S)-*@-( #())*#( (0 $*,-$&. E)-* +#(%&*$ +&$ * 0$ $(#

+#*(0+$89( +(# +$#-* ( +#(/))(,$& * $ (,)*60H,$ (%)*#1$$ ? $

$+&$89( * +&$,*$*,-() *&$%(#$().

)(*,-* ( *-$+$) * +&$,*$*,-( **089( * $,@&)* *

$() 60* '(* +(*)* 1*# -#$%$&'() * $+( ( +(,-() ( -*##*,(

*/,() +*&$ *89( * ,0&() * $&,'$*,-() 60* +$))$ $(,)--07#* () *&**,-() %@)() +$#$ $ #*+#*)*,-$89( *(?-#$ $ @#*$.

N( *)#-#( )9( /*-() () @&0&() ,**))@#() () $() ;,0&() *

)-,$)> ,0*#$*,-* *-*#,$() ,( $+( **0-$)* ( *)*,'(

* +$+*& #*+#*)*,-$,( $ +#(*89( '(#(,-$& $ @#*$ &*1$,-$$.


5/13

2. DESENVOLVIMENTO

U$ $) $(#*) @#*$) * $-0$89( $ -(+(#$/$ )9( ()

&*1$,-$*,-() -(+(#@/() 60* (,))-* * -(( ( -#$%$&'( * $+( *

$%,*-* 60* +*#-* $ #*(&'$ * -#$-$*,-( $ ,/(#$89( ,**))@#$ K

+#(089( * 0$ +&$,-$ (0 $#-$ #*+#*)*,-$-1$ ( -*##*,( * *)-0(.

E)-* () #$,*) ?-(() #*(,'*() +$#$ $ #*$&$89( ()

&*1$,-$*,-() -(+(#@/() $$ 0 () 60$) #*(,$() +$#$ /*#*,-*)

)-0$8*):

– ( ?-(( &@))( 60* (,))-* ,$ #*(&'$ $ ,/(#$89(

#*-$*,-* ,( -*##*,( $ +$#-# * ,)-#0*,-() )+&*) * *89( (( ?

( $)( () -*((&-() *)-$8*) -(-$) * ,71*) +-(). E)-* ?-(( +*&(

%$( 0)-( 60* #*+#*)*,-$ $) +*&$ $(# (#()$* ,$ #*(&'$ $

,/(#$89( *)-@ $) ,$( +$#$ -#$%$&'() * *)$&$ *&*1$$ #*&$-1() $

+*60*,$) )0+*#/7*) -*##-(#$).

– ( ?-(( /(-(#$?-#( (,* ( #())( $ ,/(#$89( ? #*(&'(

$-#$1?) $ $,@&)* * /(-(#$$) ( -*##*,( (%-() $-#$1?) * /(-(#$/$

$?#*$ (0 * $*,) *,1$$) +(# )$-?&-*) $#-/$). E)-* ?-(( ?

,(#$&*,-* 0-&$( * &*1$,-$*,-() * )0+*#/7*) $) *-*,)$) *

*)$&$) ,/*#(#*) $$ $ /0&$* * (%-*# ,/(#$89( ,0()$ *

-$%? +(#60* () 0)-() /() )9( $(#*) ( 60* () ( ?-(( $,-*#(#.

O) &*1$,-$*,-() -(+(#@/() +(* )*# */*-0$() ( (0 )*

&$89( K #** *(?)$ ,$(,$&. A R** G*(?)$ N$(,$& ? $ ,/#$*)-#0-0#$ %@)$ (,* )* $+($

-($ $ $#-(#$/$ ( P$7) +*#-,( #*/*#*,$# *(#$/$*,-* 60$&60*#

+#(*-(. (+()-$ +(# 0 (,0,-( * 1?#-*) *(?)() $-*#$&$()

+(# ),$) *)-@1*) * 1)71*) ( ((#*,$$) (,'*$) 0$

*-*#,$89( +*#-*,* K G*(*)$. T#$-$)* * 0$ #** (+&*$ 1$

* /*#*,-*) (#*,) ;+#*#$ )*0,$ * -*#*#$> )*,( $ * -*#*#$

(#* +(# )*# $ $) *,)$ $ $) 0-&$$ * T(+(#$/$.


6/13

A +(#-,$ * &$# () &*1$,-$*,-() -(+(#@/() K #** *(?)$

,$(,$& #*)* ,( /$-( * 60* * $)( )*$ ,**))@#( )* +(*# +#(**#

+()-*#(#*,-* $ $&-*#$8*) () *)() )* /0&$*) * $(# 0$

1* 60* () $#() *(?)() )9( #*/*#H,$) /$) * ,9( )0)*+-71*) *

*)$+$#**#.

3. 1 PLANEJAMENTO DE LEVANTAMENTOS TOPOGRÁFICOS

(* * $ -*() $( ,())( )+(# 0 ,*#( 1$#$( *

*60+$*,-() ( () 60$) +(* )*# /*-( 0 &*1$,-$*,-( -(+(#@/(

*+*,*,( (%1$*,-* ( #(# * ( +#$( *(). E)-*) $)+*-()

+(* (,(,$# $)( -*,'$() 1@#() #*0#)() $( )+(# 0$ %($ (0

@ *)9( $( ,71*& ( +&$,*$*,-(.

C(( (+(,*,-*) +#,+$) ( +&$,*$*,-( * &*1$,-$*,-()

-(+(#@/() +(*() (,)*#$# $) )*0,-*): #(# -?,( /$-(#

*(,( +#$( * **089( * #*0#)(). S* 60*#*# )-,0# * -*#()

* +(#-,$ 60$&60*# *)-*) (+(,*,-*) * +&$,*$*,-( -(#,$)*

+*#$-1( *,(,-#$# 0 (+#())( *,-#* *&$) +(# /(#$ $ (%-*#)* 0$

)(&089( 60* $#$,-$ $ 60$&$* $ %$( 0)-(. U &*1$,-$*,-( -(+(#@/(

? 0 (,0,-( * (+*#$8*) ( $ /,$&$* * *-*#,$# $ +()89(

#*&$-1$ * +(,-() ,$ )0+*#/7* -*##*)-#*.

A) *-*#,$8*) 9()* +(# *( * *8*) &,*$#*) * $,0&$#*)

&$,( () +(,-() *)#-(#*) () (%*-() $ )*#* #*+#*)*,-$() (

+()-*#(# +#(*))$*,-( * (*&( $-*@-( $*60$(.

P$#-,()* ( (,*-( * 60* T(+(#$/$ ? 0 $)( +$#-0&$# $

G*(*)$ +(*)* $/#$# 60* () ?-(() +&$,?-#() ( /,) *&*1$,-$*,-( +&$,-$89( (0 +()(,$*,-( *1* )*# *,$#$()

)0$#$*,-* (( $+&$8*) $ *(*-#$ +&$,$.

3.2 CLASSIFICAÇÃO DE MÉTODOS

Q0$,( /$&$)* )(%#* ?-(() +(*)* &$))/@&() * () #0+()

)-,-(): E,1(&1* () ?-(() 0$ )(&089( )* 1*#/$ +(# *( * 0$

-#$,)/(#$89( * ((#*,$$) +(&$#*) * $#-*)$,$): I##$$89(


7/13

P(&(,$&.

E,1(&1* () ?-(() %$)*$() ,$ )(&089( * -#,0&():

I,-*#)*89( D#*-$

I,-*#)*89( I,1*#)$

T#$,0&$89(

O) +#,+$) ?-(() 0-&$() )9(: -#$,0&$89( * ?-(( $

+(&(,$& +$#$ $ +&$,*-#$ * ,1*&$*,-( *(?-#( +$#$ $ $&-*-#$.

3.3 ETAPAS DE UM LEVANTAMENTO

3.3." P&$,*$*,-(

E)-$%*&**,-( * *)+*/$8*) * +#*)9( * (,-#(&*

A,@&)* )(%#* (0*,-() $#-(#@/() +#**)-*,-*)

V)-$ +#*&,$# * ,)+*89(

S*&*89( * ?-(() * ,)-#0*,-()

S*&*89( () ?-(() * @&0&( ;(+*,)$8*)>

S*&*89( $ /(#$ * #*+#*)*,-$89( * $+#*)*,-$89(.

3.3.2 E*089(

I+&$,-$89( () +(,-() ,**))@#()

M*8*) * $+( ( #*)-#( $) (%)*#1$8*)

P(*#@ *1*,-0$&*,-* '$1*# $$+-$8*) ( +#(*-( * /0,89( *+$#-0&$#$*) ,9( *-*-$$) ,$ /$)* * +&$,*$*,-(.

3.3.3 C@&0&()C(,&0)*)R*&$-#()

E*089( /,$& () @&0&() * +#*+$#$89( () $() +$#$ *)*,'(

R*$89( * #*&$-#( *)#*1*,( -(() () +$))() )*0() ,( +#(*-(

%* (( #*)0&-$() (%-().


8/13

3.4 TIPOS DE LEVANTAMENTOS TOPOGRÁFICOS EM FUNÇÃO DO

GRAU DE PRECISÃO

•

E+*-( #@+( +(0( +#*)( ) 0-&$,( -#*,$ * %))(&$*89( ) * )-,$) (0 * )-,$) * -(() () $0-*) (0

#0().• R*0&$# $(# +#*)9( ,( 7,( ( -#*,$ * -*((&-( *89( *

)-,$) * ,0&() ;( +#*#( * (#*,-$89( * () *$)

(,(?-#()>.• P#*)9( &*1$,-$*,-() -(+(#@/() +$#$ /,) *)+*$) ( $)

*H,$) 60$,-( $() *60+$*,-() * +#(**,-() 0-&$().

3.5 TIPOS DE LEVANTAMENTOS TOPOGRÁFICOS EM FUNÇÃO DOS

DADOS LEVANTADOS

• P&$,?-#(): /(#$ * *,)*) +&$,$)• A&-?-#(): #*&*1(• P&$,$&-?-#(): /(#$ * *,)*) +&$,$) * #*&*1( * 0 *)(

&*1$,-$*,-(.

3.6 APRESENTAÇÃO DOS MÉTODOS TRADICIONAIS

3.=." M?-(( $ P(&(,$& F*'$$ – ?-(( +#,+$& *

&*1$,-$*,-( +&$,?-#( #*0&$#

U)$ (( *)-#0-0#$ * $+(( 0$ +(&(,$& /*'$$. A +$#-# ()

1?#-*) $ +(&(,$& **)* () ,0&() ,-*#,() * $) )-,$) ()

$&,'$*,-(). P(* )*# 0)$( ,$ -(+(#$/$ #*0&$# ;( -*((&-( * -#*,$ ,(

7,( * +#(*))$*,-( $,$&7-( () $() ( $0)-$*,-( () *##() *

*89(> (( -$%? ,$ -(+(#$/$ *+*-$ ;%))(&$ * -#*,$ *

+#(*))$*,-( #@/( () $()>.

E))* ?-(( +*#-* $ $1$&$89( * (##*89( () *##() $,0&$#*) *

&,*$#*) (*-() ,$) *8*) * $+(. E &*1$,-$*,-() #*0&$#*)

*))*) *##() *1* )*# -#$-$() * /(#$ $,$&7-$.


9/13

3.=.2 M?-(() )*0,@#() +$#$ &*1$,-$*,-() +&$,?-#() –

0-&$)* $))($( $( ?-(( +#,+$&.

N( $)( * *)-$# 0-&$,( -*((&-( ( ?-(( )*0,@#( $)

0-&$( ? ( ?-(( $ ##$$89( ;(0 ((#*,$$ +(&$#>. A +$#-# * 0⇒

+(,-( * 0$ #*89( ;A> (0 0$ %$)* (,'*$ ;> *-*#,$)* $ +()89(

* 0 +(,-( *,( 0 ,0&( * 0$ )-,$.

P$#$ ) 0)$# -#*,$ ( ?-(( $ 0)-$+()89( * -#,0&() ? 0 ()

,$() D*-*#,$)* $ +()89( * 0 +(,-( *,( $) 0$)⇒

)-,$) *,-#* *))* +(,-( * $) *-#*$*) * 0$ %$)* (,'*$ ;>.

3.=.3 N1*&$*,-( G*(?-#( – ?-(( +#,+$& * &*1$,-$*,-(

$&-?-#(.

A&-*-#$ ? $ +$#-* $ -(+(#$/$ 60* -* +(# (%*-1( $ *-*#,$89(

$) $&-0#$) () +(,-() ( -*##*,( * #*&$89( $ 0$ )0+*#/7* '(#(,-$& *

#*/*#H,$.

O N1*&$*,-( G*(?-#( ;)+&*) (0 (+()-(> ? ( +#,+$& * $)

+#*)( ?-(( * &*1$,-$*,-( $&-?-#( +() +*#-* ( $0)-$*,-( ()

*##(). U-&$)* * 0 ,71*& * #$ +$#$ $ *-*#,$89( $) $&-0#$) ()

+(,-(). A &($&$89( () +(,-() ? /*-$ +#*1$*,-* $-#$1?) (

&*1$,-$*,-( +&$,?-#(. O ?-(( ( ,1*&$*,-( *(?-#( $+#*)*,-$

&-$8*) +$#$ 0)( * -*##*,() $*,-$().

O ,1*&$*,-( *(?-#( * +(,-() -(+(#@/() $&-?-#() %$)*$

)* ,$ 1)$$ '(#(,-$& $-#$1?) * 0 ,71*& * &0,*-$ )(%#* #$)

(&($$) 1*#-$&*,-* )(%#* () +(,-(). P(* )*# 0 ,1*&$*,-(

*(?-#( )+&*) 60$,( ) 0$ *)-$89( +*#-* 1)$# -(() () +(,-() $

,1*&$# (0 ,1*&$*,-( *(?-#( (+()-( 60$,( ,**))-$ $)

*)-$8*) +$#$ &*1$,-$# -(() () +(,-() $&-?-#() * 0 &*1$,-$*,-(-(+(#@/(.


10/13

3.=.4 L*1$,-$*,-( T$60*(?-#( – ?-(( )*0,@#( *

&*1$,-$*,-( -(+(#@/( 0)$( * /(#$ (+&**,-$# +#,+$&*,-*

+$#$ *,)/$# +(,-() $&-?-#().

A T$60*(*-#$ ? 0 ?-(( * &*1$,-$*,-( +&$,$&-?-#( ,( 60$&

$) *8*) * )-,$) '(#(,-$) * * /*#*,8$) * ,71*& )9( #*$&$$)

* /(#$ ,#*-$ 0-&$,()* () +#,7+() $ -#(,(*-#$. S9( 0-&$()

* $+( ( -*((&-( * $ #$.

N9( ? +())71*& $1$&$# () *##() (*-() ,$) *8*) * $+(

+(# ))( ? 0 ?-(( )*0,@#( 60* 1* (+&**,-$# () ?-(()

+#,+$). A) 1$,-$*,) *))* ?-(( ? )0$ #$+* * $$+-$%&$* $

-*##*,() $*,-$().

3.7 ERROS NO USO DOS E!UIPAMENTOS

C(( ? +())71*& *# ( +*#/*89( ( *##( )* -(#,$ +$#-* *

60$&60*# *89(. P$#$ ,$# () *##() * *89( * -(+(#$/$ *1*

)* -($# 0$() *)+*$) 0#$,-* () &*1$,-$*,-() * $0)-$# () *##()

;$1$&$# * #*)-#%0#> $,-*) * 0)$# () $() &*1$,-$(). I,*+*,*,-* (

*60+$*,-( * *89( (0 -+( * *89( *)-* )0&-$,*$*,-* 1@#()

-+() * /(,-*) * *##():

3.." E##() ,( 0)( $ -#*,$

*##() ))-*@-():

,9( $/*#89( ( (+#*,-( $ -#*,$

*$*#$$ $-*,@#$ 1*#-$& ; -#*,$ ,9( *)-$$ > (0 '(#(,-$& ; *##(

* $&,'$*,-( >

,9( 1*#-$&$* $ %$&$

,9( '(#(,-$&$* $ -#*,$

1$#$89( ( (+#*,-( $ -#*,$ +*&$ -*+*#$-0#$ ;)(& 0-( /(#-*>.


11/13

*##() #())*#():

*,$,( ,( ,*#( * -#*,$$) *##( ,( $0)-* ( *#( $ /-$ *,$,( ,( )*,-( $ #$0$89( $ /-$ *##( * $,(-$89(

3..2 E##() ,( 0)( ( -*((&-(

*##() ))-*@-():

/$&-$ * +*#+*,0&$#$* *,-#* () 3 *() ( $+$#*&'( ;1*#-$&

'(#(,-$& * * (&$89(>. E##( *&,$( +*&$ ?$ * 0$)

&*-0#$) ( ,0&( 0$ ( $ &0,*-$ ,(#$& (0-#$ ( $ &0,*-$

,1*#-$. +*#/*89( ,$ 1)9( () 7#0&() * &*-0#$ () ,0&()

;&%()>. E)-* *##( ? $-*,0$(: +*&() +#(*))() * #*-*#$89( *

#*+*-89( ; 1@#$) &*-0#$) ( *)( ,0&( '(#(,-$& 0)$,()*

$ ?$> (0 +*&$ ?$ * &*-0#$) ( ,0&( 1*#-$& ( &0,*-$

,(#$& * ,1*#-$.

*##() #())*#(): @ ,)-$&$89( ( $+$#*&'( ; /$*# (,# *( 1*#-$& ( +(,-(

-(+(#@/( * ,1*&$# (##*-$*,-* ( $+$#*&'(> *##( * 1)$$ ;+#(0#$# 1)$# ( $) +#( ( )(&( +$#$ ,0#

( *##( +#(1*,*,-* $ ,9( 1*#-$&$* $ %$&$ (0 #$> *##( * &*-0#$ * *##( * $,(-$89(.

4.CONCLUSÃO

A +$#-# *)-* -#$%$&'( (,&0)* 60* * #*/*#H,$ $()

L*1$,-$*,-() T(+(#@/() $ T(+(#$/$ ? %$)*$$. P(# *( * )0$)

/*#*,-*) /(#$) * $+&$89( (%-H)* *+() * -(( ( +&$,*$*,-(

-$( 0$ $,@&)* * $() )-,-$). I))( ? #*/&*-( (( (*&() *

L*1$,-$*,-() T(+(#@/() /*#*,-*).


12/13

P*#*%*0)* $)) 60* () L*1$,-$*,-() T(+(#@/() ,$ T(+(#$/$

? * +(#-,$ ),/$-1$ ? 0$ $,0$& * ,$8*) $ )*# )*0(

+$#$ 60* ,( / * 0$ $,@&)* * @#*$ -*,'$() 0 %( #*)0&-$(.

5. REFER#NCIAS $I$LIOGRÁFICAS

ESPARTEL L?&). C%&'( )* T(+(,&-/-. "*. P(#-( A&*#* – RS:E-(#$ O G&(%( "


13/13

D)+(,71*& *:'--+:*,*(#$/$./.0&.+-(0*,-()(Z$+((Z$0&$)-(+(#$/$.+/Y A*))( * " D*. 2"5.

C(*/(' '(:&* L*--*(' T(+(,&8/('D)+(,71*& *

:'--+:.*)-.+%*$.+-W&*1-(+Z1&,(-*)Z-(+(".+/Y A*))(

* 2 D*. 2"5.

topografia sim

Documents

Transcript of topografia sim