Trabalho de Ingles 01-03-2013

7/30/2019 Trabalho de Ingles 01-03-2013

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I. ACKNOWLEDGESMENT

The special appreciation for this work goes to my teacher because he always knew how to

gives us knowledge that will be very useful in the world of employment. The thank you 'is

also extended to colleagues who directly or indirectly contribute so that the acquisition of

knowledge be a reality.

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1. INTRODUTION

This work refers to an environmental management in the mine.

To complete a study of an environment management we must observe the mine law in vigor.

Earlier to the exploration works, is obligatory to present the environment management plan.

The environment management plan in the mine is to be classified according to the extension

of the mining activities.

The environment management plan is to be done to avoid the environment pollution.

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2. OBJECTIVES OF THE WORK

To Identify and characterize environmental components witch can be affected during

the exploration process.

Identify measures to mitigate the possible negative impacts.

3. RATONALE

The environmental management plan is of such importance that it should be accessible to all

members of a given mining project and also for those who are not directly involved. If the

majority had access to these management plans, the risk of danger would have reduced

because somehow the notion of danger and the induction system on safety standards in the

companies also encompass the nearer population.

4. MINE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

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Definition

According to (Bodner & Pardue, 1995, p-858, 859) management plan of a mine is one that is

done with the intention to prevent against environmental factors that could be modified by

man causing problems to man, flora, fauna, soil, water, air, climate, landscape and cultural

heritage of the property.

In my opinion, the environmental management plan of a mine aims to give a subsidy to the

research project, an environmental management program to minimize potential negative

impacts on the nature.

4.1. What is Required to Have an Environmental Relevant Management Plan?

Disagreeing with (McClellan, 1789, p-8) to make one excelent environmental plan, is

necessary:

Rising and bibliographical revision, Field Risings, that consisted in, Recognition of the study

area. Rising and description of the fauna, blooms, hydrograph, morphology, soils among

others. Interviews with the residents in that wanted area.

According to McClellan (1789 p-16), one bad environmental management can contaminatethe water making inappropriate for consumption, and it capable to destroy many membranes,

nucleon, chromosomes or mitochondria of cells, that impedes the necessary cellular divisions

resulting in die or reproducing of maligns cells.

According to Pardue (1995 p-6), bad environmental management can cause the existence of

dangerous minerals to the human body and the ambient, in general when the concentration is

high being noxious to humans and other forms of life.

In my view not specifically disagree with that mismanagement of mine "can easily

contaminate the water making it unfit for use, and capable of destroying various membranes,

nucleus, chromosomes and mitochondria of the cells, which inhibits the necessary cell

divisions resulting in his death or in the production of malignant cells "but my idea is in

agreement with the idea because Pardue, there is the environmental degradation and the

extinction of species.

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5. CONSEQUENCES CAUSED TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL DURING MINING

The environmental management plan of a mine can be developed from two sources:

Environmental management plan for an underground mine and open pit mine.

Environmental management plan for underground mine

(COSTA, 1998, p-22) quoting (Pardue 1995 p-13) refers to many industrial activities such as

mining; develop work in the underground environment, the duration of which can vary from

several days to dozens of years. The environment is changed and can cause harm to humans

through gases, dust, temperature, noise, subsidence and loosening of rocks, fire, radiation,

flooding, acid water, etc. when exceed the allowable limits. Therefore, experiments,

procedures, policies, managements, standards, impact assessment and other important

environmental advances are also definitely important to the underground environment.

Still on page 13 (Pardue 1995) says that the underground environment, as the external

environment is a dynamic system of mutual interaction and full of four important areas:

underground atmosphere, groundwater, rock and biological component (man). Bolivia, June

2006.

With regard to this case are valid mathematical models, techniques and management systems

developed for environmental impact assessment related to environmental factors:

temperature, toxic gases, dust, speed and flow of air, noise, explosion and fire, lighting, and

radiation, quantity and quality of groundwater and instability and detachment of rocks.

A Briefly summarized manner, in my view, environmental management applies to

underground mines in operation and new projects.

For example, when VALE started to explore coal in Moatize, they removed people from the

area because the products from mine are toxic and should attack or affect directly the peoplebecause these products can affect or pollute water end so on.

The dust from the activities can pollute the environment from the area and affect directly the

respirator system.

The noisy from the equipments and vibration from all activities can disturb the peace and the

repose of the people near the mine.

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Other example, is when VALE want to take the coal from the earth, sometimes they can use

explosives. This factor can affect directly the health of the people nearest the mine with

cardiac attack or other diseases.

All these factors, we can see ion mine environmental studies, and the remove of the people in

the area is much important.

5.1. Environmental Management Plan in Open Pit Mines

According to (CLEZAR, 1999, p. 133) disagreeing with (McClellan, 1789 p-88) Dependingon the level of activities to be developed may release large amounts of dust, particles drag

into rivers, so it is important to evaluate environmental management of a mine.

According to the nature, extent and intensity of the activity to be undertaken if a significant

impact on the physical environment, because the process of digging wells, trenches and

boreholes produce significant dust can affect or pollute air and people nearby.

Also the soil will suffer large magnitude of the negative activity.

Existence of steady streams can carry waste to the water.

Noise can frighten some animals, and can be dangerous during the activities, therefore is to

take safety measures.

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6. MITIGATION MEASURES

Not all mining activities are harmful, but considering that mining activities are pollutants of

the environment, mitigation measures must be taken.

If in the area of future research are people habiting there, is important to transfer this people

to safe places and little prone to these harmful agents.

When transferring the population to safety places is the responsibility of the involved

company to pay for all mobilization and accommodation.

In some cases the company must pay some indemnification to the population, depending on

the pre-existing conditions.

It is the responsibility of the company to create a normal social life, such as construction of

schools, shops, hospitals, churches, markets and water sources.

It is the obligation of the company to maintain the social infrastructure while in the

exploration phase. (www.ebah.com/mitigation_measures/uyi23?to/ga3907.pdf)

During the process of line cutting and clearing for drilling, some vegetated places will be cut

and or removed. In such cases is to avoid cutting of trees with economic value, after the work

finished the vegetation will be restored.

The Accesses to Drilling areas will be made perpendicular to the roads in order to minimize

the destruction of vegetation.

To Minimize the noise, appropriate equipment are to be acquired. Example: Caps and noisedumpers.

Periodic submission of workers to medical control to observe the level of toxic exposure.

(CLEZAR, 1999, p.148)

In my view, there is environmental pollution because some mining companies not implement

dont respect the mining environmental law in vigor.

If follow the environmental management plan the impact would reduce significantly.

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7. Waste Disposal

For the management of rejected material or debris (Drilling operations) or excavated material

from trenches and pits, is to proceed as following:

Packing the material in drums and burial in secure and properly marked places;

Use of the same material for filling of trenches and pits excavated during the rehabilitation;

The holes are plugged with cement to seal any contact with the atmosphere;

(www.cetem.com.br/rejeitos+nas+minas/download56bia+pdf.pdf)

For The management of groundwater will be taken the following measures:

Use of protective covers by intersecting an aquifer during drilling operations;

keeping the water in reservoir for later analysis in the laboratory.

Prevent high content of contaminated water not extend over long distances.

(www.adilsoncuri.com.blogspot water minereatments.docx)

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II. RECOMMENDATIONS

For hazards that mining can cause to human life would be to recommend a detailed study to

determine the feasibility of population resettling in the area where they had been thriving off

of the negative effects.

The excavation of trenches and wells are to be properly capped or protected and the noise

should be minimized to avoid forcing the migration of animals from their habitat.

I recommend the exploration works be done in the dry season to avoid water contamination.


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III. CONCLUSION

During the study concluded that management of environmental impacts of a mine is made in

two parts, both the surface and the underground.

Environmental management is the correct way for further work in this way prevents the

environment and possible contamination.

The environmental management study of a mine should be deep to avoid mistakes.

The environmental management plan of a mine is made to predict the subsequent activity,

whether it will be harmful to people or not.

If so, you must remove the population for secure zones.

For the management of the underground environment the environmental management system

is applicable (EMS) ISO 14001 and the integrated management system for environment,

health, safety (EHS).

A good environmental management plan of a mine means good results.


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IV. BIBLIOGRAPHY

1- BODNER, G. & H. PARDUE, (1995), Chemistry. An Experimental Science. 2nd Edition,

John Wiley & Sons. USA,

2- COSTA, J. C. A., (1998), Anlise De Redes De Ventilao - Estudo de Caso Mina

Medrado-BA, Campina Grande: (Dissertao de Mestrado).

3- CLEZAR, C. A., NOGUEIRA, A. C. R., (1999), Ventilao industrial, Florianpolis Ed.

da UFSC, So Paulo.

4- MCCLELLAN J., (1789), Manual of Mineralogy. After James D. Dana. John Wiley &

Sons. Paper Editor, USA.

5- Mozambican Mineral Resources Minstry, (2005) Requisitos Ambientais Para as

Actividades Mineiras. Direco Nacional de Minas. Departamento de Meio Ambiente .

Maputo, Mozambique.

6- VOABIL, C., (1996); Etapas de Elaborao de Uma Avaliao de Impacto Ambiental.Direco Nacional de Gesto de Recursos Naturais. MICOA- Maputo.

7- www.ebah.com/mitigation_measures/uyi23?to/ga3907.pdf

8- www.cetem.com.br/rejeitos+nas+minas/download56bia+pdf.pdf

9- www.adilsoncuri.com.blogspot/water_mine_treatments.docx
http://www.ebah.com/mitigation_measures/uyi23?to/ga3907.pdfhttp://www.cetem.com.br/rejeitos+nas+minas/download56bia+pdf.pdfhttp://www.adilsoncuri.com.blogspot/water_mine_treatments.docxhttp://www.ebah.com/mitigation_measures/uyi23?to/ga3907.pdfhttp://www.cetem.com.br/rejeitos+nas+minas/download56bia+pdf.pdfhttp://www.adilsoncuri.com.blogspot/water_mine_treatments.docx

Trabalho de Ingles 01-03-2013

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