Water Footprint of Bioenergy
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Water Footprint of Bioenergy Rita Monteiro [email protected] Brasília,– 29 de março de 2013 Brasília, 19 de março de 2013
Transcript of Water Footprint of Bioenergy
Water Footprint of Bioenergy Rita Monteiro
Brasília,– 29 de março de 2013
Brasília, 19 de março de 2013
Fluxo de água virtual
WATER FOOTPRINT
GREEN WATER
+
BLUE WATER
+
GRAY WATER
Life Cycle Assessment -APPROACH
Rita [email protected]
WATER FOOTPRINT
Because there are different approaches to the same term, the need arises to STANDARDIZATION
“The way that many parts are integrated into the whole is more
important than the parties themselves alone ..." Fritjof Capra
Rita [email protected]
cradle
• Extraction of natural resources and energy
...• Processing resources / inputs
...• Product production
...• Packaging and Distribution
...• Use
grave• Final disposal / recycling
•Tr
ansp
ort
Life Cycle of Bioenergy
energy
materials
water
solid waste effluents
Analysis of Inventoryatmospheric emissions
Produt
energy
fertilizers
water
solid waste
effluents
Bioenergy – Agriculture stageatmospheric emissions
Product (s)
agricultural lime
agrochemicals
• Runoff• leaching
Impact Assessment
energy
fertilizers
water
solid waste
effluents
Water use – LOCAL IMPACTSatmospheric emissions
Product (s)
agricultural lime
agrochemicals
• Runoff• leaching
LOCAL IMPACTS RELATED TO WATER USE -
� Water Availability� Eutrophication� Fresh Water Aquatic Ecotoxicity� Marine Aquatic Ecotoxicity� Human Toxicity� Terrestrial Ecotoxicity� Acidification� Abiotic Depletion� Marine sediment Ecotoxicity� Fresh Water sediment ecotoxicity� Carcinogens
Water Footprint of Bioenergy in BrazilPreliminary Assessment
The importance of local assessment
Ethanol usines in Brazil
( source: www.epe.gov.br (2011))
Energy from Ethanol
Currently, sugar cane and itsderivatives are the secondmain source of primary energynational energy and ethanolconsumption is already higherthan petrol.
Map of oilseeds for biodiesel in Brazilsource: http://geografiaegeopolitica.blogspot.com/2010/06/o-programa-nacional-de-biodiesel.html (2011))
Energy from Biodiesel
Besides ethanol,biodiesel alsoalready has asignificant share inthe fuel matrix.
Mapa de localização das Florestas energéticas no Brasil( source: Serviço Florestal Brasileiro / http://mundogeo.com/blog/2000/01/01/florestas-energeticas-visao-territorial-e-geotecnologias/)
Energy from forests
Forests are alsoconsidered energysources of renewableenergy within thecontext ofAGROENERGY
Map of water availability in Brazil( source: ANA – Agência Nacional da Águas)
Water Resources Management in Brazil
Brazil has 12% ofwater availability in theworld, distributed in 12river basin districts.However thisdistribution is unevenacross the country,because 75% ofavailable water inBrazil is allocated inthe Amazon region,where there is aconcentration of only5% of the population.
Amazon Region74% of the available water5% of population
other regions26% of the available water95% of population
Map of water availability in Brazil( source: ANA – Agência Nacional da Águas)
The evaluation of thepossibility of watershortages in Brazil(the ratio betweenwater withdrawal andconsumptive use forlocal availability)suggests an overviewof critical regions
Water Resources Management in Brazil
possibility of water shortages = water withdrawal / consumptive use
Stages of development of an ISO standard
J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O
Circulado pelo ISO
TC207/SC5 proposta de
um NWIP
ACEITAÇÃO DO NWIP
Formação do grupo de
trabalho
PRIMEIRA REUNIÃO
(Estocolmo - Suécia):
Título, Escopo, e
estrutura - PWD1
Elaboração do PWD1
comentários PWD1
SEGUNDA REUNIÃO
(Leon - México): rev.
dos comentários
Elaboração do PWD2
comentários PWD2
TERCEIRA REUNIÃO
2009 2010 2011
J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D
Circulado pelo ISO
2009 2010 2011 2012
TERCEIRA REUNIÃO
(Lausane - Suíça): rev.
dos comentários
Elaboração do PWD3
comentários PWD3
QUARTA REUNIÃO
(Oslo - Noruega): rev.
dos comentários -
VOTO (PWD3=WD1)
Elaboração do WD2
comentários WD2
QUINTA REUNIÃO (São
Paulo- Brasil): rev. dos
comentários - VOTO
(WD2=CD1)
Elaboração do CD1
J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
(WD2=CD1)
Elaboração do CD1
comentários CD1
SEXTA REUNIÃO
(Bangkok - Thailandia):
rev. dos comentários -
VOTO (CD2)
Elaboração do CD2
comentários CD2
SÉTIMA REUNIÃO
(Padova - Itália): rev.
dos comentários -
VOTO (CD2 = DIS)
Elaboração do DIS 1
comentários DIS1
OITAVA REUNIÃO
(África do Sul): rev. dos
comentários - VOTO
DE EVOLUÇÃO (FDIS?)
ISO / DIS 14046 - Environmental management -WATER FOOTPRINT - Principles, requirements and guidelines
• Water Footprint: metric to quantify the potential environmental impacts related to WATER
WATER FOOTPRINT ASSESSMENT according to ISO 14046
• It is based on a life cycle assessment (with 4-stages)– Goal and scope definition
– Inventories analyse
– Impact assessment
– Interpretation
• It is modular ( the different phases of the life cycle can be added to represent the water footprint)
• It can identify potential impacts in relation to water
• It includes relevant geographical and temporal dimensions
• It identifies the amount of use and changes in water quality
• A WATER FOOTPRINT must necessarily include some kind of impact assessment (The results of an inventory can be reported, but should not be reported as a "water footprint".)
• The evaluation can be made as a stand alone assessment or as part of an LCA, (compreensive approach)
• If the evaluation is done as a Stand-Alone assessment, the result must have a qualifier in the name (i.e. WAF - Water AVAILABILITY Footprint)
• Regional aspects must necessarily be considered
THE WORK CONTINUES TO ...
• Definitions / requirements for inventories
How the use of ISO 14046 can help organizations?
• assess the magnitude of the (s) potential (s) impact (s) environmental (s) in relation to water;
• identify opportunities to reduce potential impacts related to water in various stages of life cycle;
• develop strategic management of water-related risks;
• facilitate water efficiency in products, processes, and organizational level;
• inform decision makers from government, industry and non-governmental organizations of potential (s) impacts related to water associated for each product protuction(eg, for the purpose of strategic planning, prioritization, product design or resource investment decisions );
