1
LIGA DE AMADORES BRASILEIROS DE RAacuteDIO EMISSAtildeO ADMINISTRACcedilAtildeO DO DISTRITO FEDERAL
QTC Nordm 50-2017 ndash BRASIacuteLIA 16 DE DEZEMBRO DE 2017
ABERTURA
Estamos iniciando a leitura de mais um QTC da LABRE-DF
procurando trazer notiacutecias e informaccedilotildees de seu interesse Saudaccedilotildees aos amigos
radioamadores do Distrito Federal e do Entorno e a todos aqueles que nos brindam com
a sua audiecircncia Este boletim informativo eacute levado ao ar aos saacutebados agraves nove horas
(PT2) no modo VHF na frequecircncia de 145210 kHz (-600) e na frequecircncia de 146950
kHz (-600) frequecircncias de uso da LABRE-DF atualmente linkadas para esse propoacutesito
e tambeacutem na frequecircncia de 37500 MHz na Rodada QSU DO PLANALTO EM 80
METROS e quando possiacutevel em 40 metros na frequecircncia de 71350 kHz esta em data
e hora a serem previamente definidos mediante um voluntaacuterio para tal
PALAVRA DO PRESIDENTE Radioamadorismo atual e os modos digitais
Modalidades de comunicaccedilatildeo Satildeo diversas as modalidades de transmissotildees no radioamadorismo dentre elas telegrafia ou CW AM SSB-USBLSB FM FSK para os modos digitais SSTV RTTY packet e outros (Acesso via internet+software+radio) operaccedilatildeo via sateacutelite
NOTAS DA DIRETORIA Festividades de Natal e Ano Novo O que representam para os cristatildeos
Natal Origem Wikipeacutedia a enciclopeacutedia livre
2
Natal
Uma representaccedilatildeo da Natividade com uma aacutervore de Natal ao fundo
Seguido por Cristatildeos
Muitos natildeo-cristatildeos[1]
Tipo Cristatildeo de origem pagatilde
Data 25 de Dezembro
7 de Janeiro (cristatildeos ortodoxos)
6 de janeiro (cristatildeos armecircnios)[2]
Observaccedilotildees Celebra o Nascimento de Cristo
Natal ou Dia de Natal eacute um feriado e festival religioso cristatildeo[3] comemorado anualmente em 25 de dezembro (nos paiacuteses eslavos e ortodoxos cujos calendaacuterios eram baseados no calendaacuterio juliano o Natal eacute comemorado no dia 7 de janeiro) A data eacute o centro das festas de fim de ano e da temporada de feacuterias sendo no cristianismo o marco inicial do Ciclo do Natal que dura doze dias[4]
Originalmente destinada a celebrar o nascimento anual do Deus Sol no solstiacutecio de inverno (natalis invicti Solis)[5] a festividade foi ressignificada pela Igreja Catoacutelica no seacuteculo III para estimular a conversatildeo dos povos pagatildeos sob o domiacutenio do Impeacuterio Romano[6][7][8] e entatildeo passou a comemorar o nascimento de Jesus de Nazareacute[9][10]
Embora tradicionalmente seja um dia santificado cristatildeo o Natal eacute amplamente comemorado por muitos natildeo-cristatildeos[1][11]sendo que alguns de seus costumes populares e temas comemorativos tecircm origens preacute-cristatildes ou seculares Costumes populares modernos tiacutepicos do feriado incluem a troca de presentes e cartotildees a Ceia de Natal muacutesicas natalinas festas de igreja uma refeiccedilatildeo especial e a exibiccedilatildeo de decoraccedilotildees diferentes incluindo as aacutervores de Natal pisca-piscas e guirlandas visco preseacutepios e ilex Aleacutem disso o Papai Noel (conhecido como Pai Natal em Portugal) eacute uma figura mitoloacutegica popular em muitos paiacuteses associada com os presentes para crianccedilas[12]
Como a troca de presentes e muitos outros aspectos da festa de Natal envolvem um aumento da atividade econocircmica entre cristatildeos e natildeo-cristatildeos a festa tornou-se um acontecimento significativo e um periacuteodo chave de vendas para os varejistas e para as empresas O impacto econocircmico da comemoraccedilatildeo eacute um fator que tem crescido de forma constante ao longo dos uacuteltimos seacuteculos em muitas regiotildees do mundo
O Diretor Presidente da LABRE-DF e sua Diretoria Executiva desejam um FELIZ NATAL para todos os radioamadores do Distrito Federal labreanos ou natildeo com votos de um feliz dia de comemoraccedilatildeo e oraccedilatildeo com todos os seus familiares e amigos Louvado seja nosso Senhor Jesus Cristo Shalom Salam Alah
3
Recesso da LABRE-DF ndash 22 de dezembro de 2017 a 22 de janeiro de 2018 Em razatildeo das festividades de final de ano LABRE-DF estaraacute em recesso administrativo no periacuteodo de 22 de dezembro de 2017 a 22 de janeiro de 2018 Desejamos a todos os radioamadores do Distrito Federal e aqueles que nos recebem por este QTC boas comemoraccedilotildees com seus familiares e amigos e nossos desejos de sauacutede e grandes realizaccedilotildees par5a o ano de 2018 Lembre-se ainda se for dirigir natildeo beba se beber natildeo dirija
CONVITE
Corra para a LABRE-DF e venha participar conosco dos nossos encontros Frequente nossas repetidoras para bons QSOrsquos Lembre-se que eacute o olho do dono que faz o gado crescer Eacute um patrimocircnio que vem de nossos antecessores e por isso devemos preservaacute-lo pelo menos em respeito agraves suas memoacuterias Mas corra mesmo para se juntar a noacutes em confraternizaccedilatildeo e crescimento Ocupe nosso espaccedilo que resta com churrascos e farneacuteis Traga seus amigos esposas e filhos destes para nos conhecer e saber o que eacute o verdadeiro radioamadorismo
O QTC DA LABRE-DF NAtildeO SUBSITITUI O QTC DA LABRE (NACIONAL) (ITEM XII DO ART 2ordm DO ESTATUTO DA LABRE NACIONAL)
LABREANO NAtildeO ESQUECcedilA SUA CONTRIBUICcedilAtildeO SOCIAL O nosso porquinho continua vazio e saco vazio natildeo se potildee em peacute
4
Amigo Radioamador a LABREDF precisa de sua
colaboraccedilatildeo para continuar mantendo no ar nossas
repetidoras links realizando cursos promovendo
encontros etc A nossa anuidade este ano eacute no valor de R$
36000 (trezentos e sessenta reais) que poderaacute ser pago a
vista ou parcelado por semestre (R$ 18000) trimestre (R$
9000) ou mensal (R$ 3000)
Para efetuar pagamentos das mensalidades sugerimos fazecirc-los aos
saacutebados na sede da LABRE-DF a partir das 0900h ou depoacutesito na CEF avisando deste
procedimento ao nosso Diretor Presidente STUCKERT-PT2GTI pelo celular (61)
99674-7535 ou para a Secretaria da LABRE-DF para o devido controle
DIRETORIA DE RADIOESCOTISMO ndash LABRE-DF Diretor RENDY-PT2IQ
O QUE Eacute O RADIOESCOTISMO
RADIOESCOTISMO (adaptado da expressatildeo em inglecircs Radio Scouting)
RADIOESCOTISMO Atividades Escoteiras que incluem radiocomunicaccedilatildeo
5
Uniatildeo dos Escoteiros do Brasil Origem Wikipeacutedia a enciclopeacutedia livre
Organizaccedilatildeo Escotista
Dados da Organizaccedilatildeo
Nome Escoteiros do Brasil
Paiacutes Brasil
Sede Curitiba
Localizaccedilatildeo Por todo o territoacuterio brasileiro
Data de Fundaccedilatildeo 4 de novembro de 1924
Fundador Benjamin Sodreacute
Membros 100000 associados
A Uniatildeo dos Escoteiros do Brasil ou apenas Escoteiros do Brasil fundada em 4 de novembro de 1924 eacute uma sociedade civil de acircmbito nacional de direito privado e sem fins lucrativos de caraacuteter educacional cultural beneficente e filantroacutepico reconhecida de utilidade puacuteblica que congrega mais de 1265[1] Grupos Escoteiros no Brasil Em 2017 contava com mais de 80000[2] membros A UEB eacute filiada agrave Organizaccedilatildeo Mundial do Movimento Escoteiro
Organizaccedilatildeo Os Escoteiros do Brasil estatildeo organizados em 3 niacuteveis
O Nacional com autoridade em todo o Territoacuterio brasileiro
O Regional denominado Regiatildeo Escoteira podendo abranger uma ou mais unidades da federaccedilatildeo ou parte delas com autoridade sobre a aacuterea que lhe for fixada - normalmente compreende os Estados da Federaccedilatildeo
O Local constituiacutedo pelos Grupos Escoteiros e Seccedilotildees Escoteiras Autocircnomas que satildeo as organizaccedilotildees locais para a praacutetica do Escotismo
Referecircncias
6
1 Comunicaccedilatildeo Escoteiros do Brasil - Comissatildeo Nacional de Imagem e laquoEscoteiros do Brasilraquo wwwescoteirosorgbr Consultado em 22 de setembro de 2017
2 Comunicaccedilatildeo Escoteiros do Brasil - Comissatildeo Nacional de Imagem e laquoEscoteiros do Brasilraquo wwwescoteirosorgbr Consultado em 22 de setembro de 2017
BADEN POWELL PREVIU O INTERESSE DOS ESCOTEIROS PELO RAacuteDIO
NOTICIAS DA ANATEL BRASIacuteLIA DF
NOTA DE IMPRENSA
Reuniatildeo entre Anatel e Aneel
A Agecircncia Nacional de Telecomunicaccedilotildees (Anatel) e a Agecircncia Nacional de Energia Eleacutetrica
(Aneel) realizaram reuniatildeo na sede da Anatel nesta sexta-ffeira (1512) para discutir as questotildees
envolvendo as agecircncias reguladoras especialmente no tocante ao tema da ocupaccedilatildeo de pontos de
fixaccedilatildeo em infraestruturas de postes
CEMI Brasil bloqueia 91 milhotildees de celulares por roubo furto ou perda
Publicado Sexta 08 de Dezembro de 2017 14h30 | Uacuteltima atualizaccedilatildeo em Segunda 11 de Dezembro de 2017 10h20 | Acessos 802
A Agecircncia Nacional de Telecomunicaccedilotildees (Anatel) informa que em novembro de 2017 o Cadastro
Nacional de Estaccedilotildees Moacuteveis Impedidas (Cemi) registrou 9123567 de celulares bloqueados no Brasil
aumento de 119421 ou 133 em relaccedilatildeo a outubro deste ano
O Cemi manteacutem o registro dos aparelhos perdidos furtados ou roubados que estatildeo bloqueados Nos
uacuteltimos 12 meses foram impedidos de funcionar 1586458 aparelhos um aumento de 2105 em
relaccedilatildeo a novembro de 2016
7
No total de 9123567 de celulares que estavam bloqueados em novembro deste ano estatildeo aparelhos
impedidos por solicitaccedilatildeo direta dos usuaacuterios agraves empresas ou pelo registro de Boletim de Ocorrecircncia
junto agraves poliacutecias dos governos dos estados e do Distrito Federal
No Brasil em novembro deste ano eram 8975969 celulares impedidos por solicitaccedilatildeo direta de
usuaacuterios aumento de 103441 ou 117 em relaccedilatildeo a outubro de 2017 Nos uacuteltimos 12 meses os
usuaacuterios das operadoras de telefonia moacutevel solicitaram o bloqueio de mais de 1447689 aparelhos
Oacutergatildeos de seguranccedila
As poliacutecias estaduais e do Distrito Federal bloquearam 147598 celulares no Cemi ateacute novembro deste
ano Nos uacuteltimos 12 meses foram bloqueados 138769 aparelhos trabalho realizado em conjunto das
empresas e a aacutereas de seguranccedila dos estados
O maior nuacutemero de celulares bloqueados pelos oacutergatildeos de seguranccedila foram nos estados de Satildeo Paulo
90277 aparelhos Rio de Janeiro com 23289 e o Espiacuterito Santo com 9999 terminais
Desde marccedilo de 2016 quando comeccedilou a funcionar o sistema 23 secretarias de seguranccedila dos estados
e a do Distrito Federal jaacute assinaram o convecircnio com a Anatel para inscriccedilatildeo no Cemi Somente cinco
estados ainda natildeo firmaram o termo de adesatildeo ao Cadastro
Exterior
O sistema de bloqueio de celulares do Cemi eacute integrado agrave GSM Association base internacional de
aparelhos impedidos Os celulares bloqueados por operadoras no exterior totalizaram 39732184 no mecircs
de novembro deste ano Um aumento de 692196 ou 177 se comparado ao mecircs anterior Nos uacuteltimos
12 meses foram bloqueados mais 4584138 celulares ou 1304 pela GSM
O Cemi eacute supervisionado pela Anatel operacionalizado pela ABRTelecom e implementado pelas
prestadoras da telefonia moacutevel
COMO ESTAacute A ECONOMIA BRASILEIRA Doacutelar americano Cotaccedilatildeo de fechamento do doacutelar no dia 15122017 Sexta-feira
Doacutelar-dos-EUA
Data Taxa de Compra Taxa de Venda
15122017 33176 33182
8
O Banco Central natildeo assume qualquer responsabilidade pela natildeo simultaneidade ou falta das informaccedilotildees
prestadas assim como por eventuais erros de paridades das moedas ou qualquer outro salvo a paridade relativa ao doacutelar dos Estados Unidos da Ameacuterica em relaccedilatildeo ao Real Igualmente natildeo se responsabiliza pelos atrasos ou
indisponibilidade de serviccedilos de telecomunicaccedilatildeo interrupccedilatildeo falha ou pelas imprecisotildees no fornecimento dos serviccedilos ou informaccedilotildees Natildeo assume tambeacutem responsabilidade por qualquer perda ou dano oriundo de tais
interrupccedilotildees atrasos falhas ou imperfeiccedilotildees bem como pelo uso inadequado das informaccedilotildees contidas na transaccedilatildeo
Economia Brasileira atual dados iacutendices exportaccedilotildees importaccedilotildees inflaccedilatildeo PIB
setores da economia comeacutercio exterior importaccedilotildees saldo comercial parceiros econocircmicos produtos energia setores da economia brasileira
Economia brasileira entre as dez maiores do mundo
Introduccedilatildeo
Embora esteja passando por um momento de crise provocada principalmente por problemas poliacuteticos o Brasil ainda
apresenta uma economia forte e soacutelida O paiacutes eacute um grande produtor e exportador de mercadorias de diversos tipos
principalmente commodities minerais agriacutecolas e manufaturados As aacutereas de agricultura induacutestria e serviccedilos satildeo bem
desenvolvidas e encontram-se atualmente em bom momento de expansatildeo Considerado um paiacutes emergente o Brasil
ocupa o 9ordm lugar no ranking das maiores economias do mundo (em volume de PIB de 2016) O Brasil possui uma
economia aberta e inserida no processo de globalizaccedilatildeo
Informaccedilotildees iacutendices e dados da economia brasileira
Moeda Real (siacutembolo R$)
PIB de 2016 (Produto Interno Bruto) R$ 6267 trilhotildees ou US$ 2015 trilhotildees taxa de cacircmbio usada US$ 100 =
R$ 311 (em 07032017)
Renda per Capita de 2016 (PIB per capita) R$ 30407 ou US$ 9777 taxa de cacircmbio usada US$ 100 = R$ 311
(em 07032017)
Coeficiente de Gini 0495 (2013) alto
Evoluccedilatildeo do PIB nos uacuteltimos anos 13 (2001) 31 (2002) 12 (2003) 57 (2004) 31 (2005) 4 (2006)
6 (2007) 5 (2008) - 02 (2009) 76 (2010) 39 (2011) 1 (2012) 25 (2013) 01 (2014) -38 (2015)
-36 (2016)
Desempenho do PIB no ano de 2016 (de janeiro a dezembro) -36
Desempenho do PIB no ano de 2016 (de janeiro a marccedilo - 1ordm trimestre) -03 (em relaccedilatildeo ao trimestre anterior)
Desempenho do PIB no ano de 2016 (de abril a junho - 2ordm trimestre) -06 (em relaccedilatildeo ao trimestre anterior)
Desempenho do PIB no ano de 2016 (de julho a setembro - 3ordm trimestre) -08 (em relaccedilatildeo ao trimestre anterior)
9
Desempenho do PIB no ano de 2016 (de outubro a dezembro - 4ordm trimestre) -09 (em relaccedilatildeo ao trimestre
anterior)
PIB 2017 (1ordm trimestre) +10 (dado divulgado pelo IBGE em 01062017)
PIB 2017 (2ordm trimestre) +02 (dado divulgado pelo IBGE em 01092017)
PIB 2017 (3ordm trimestre) +01 (dado divulgado pelo IBGE em 01122017)
PIB 2017 em valores correntes No 1ordm trimestre R$ 1595 trilhatildeo (US$ 4938 bilhotildees ndash cotaccedilatildeo de 01062017 com
doacutelar a R$ 323) No 2ordm trimestre R$ 1639 trilhatildeo (US$ 5236 bilhotildees ndash cotaccedilatildeo de 01092017 com doacutelar a R$ 313)
No 3ordm trimestre R$ 1641 trilhatildeo (US$ 5018 bilhotildees - cotaccedilatildeo de 011217 com doacutelar a R$ 327)
Taxa de investimentos 164 do PIB (em 2016) 155 do PIB (no 2ordm trimestre de 2017)
Taxa de poupanccedila 139 do PIB (em 2016) 158 do PIB (no 2ordm trimestre de 2017)
Forccedila de trabalho 1042 milhotildees de trabalhadores (de agosto a outubro de 2017) 915 milhotildees ocupadas e 127
milhotildees desocupadas
Inflaccedilatildeo 629 (IPCA de 2016) | 028 (IPCA de novembro de 2017) | no acumulado do ano de 2017 (de janeiro a
novembro) 250
Taxa de desemprego 115 (taxa meacutedia anual de 2016) 122 (entre agosto e outubro de 2017) com 127 milhotildees
de desempregados
Brasileiros empregados (populaccedilatildeo ocupada) 915 milhotildees de pessoas (entre agosto e outubro de 2017 - IBGE)
Rendimento meacutedio dos trabalhadores brasileiros R$ 2127 (de agosto a outubro de 2017 - IBGE)
Taxa baacutesica de Juros do Banco Central (SELIC) 700 ao ano (referecircncia desde 06 de dezembro de 2017)
Salaacuterio Miacutenimo Nacional R$ 93700 (a partir de 1ordm de janeiro de 2017)
Diacutevida Externa US$ 315267 bilhotildees (setor puacuteblico e setor privado) - dados relativos a agosto de 2017 Fonte Banco
Central
Diacutevida Federal Externa R$ 12707 bilhotildees ou US$ 3878 bilhotildees (em outubro de 2017) - aumento de 688 em
relaccedilatildeo ao mecircs anterior
Diacutevida Puacuteblica Mobiliaacuteria Federal Interna (DPMFi) R$ 3311 trilhotildees (em outubro de 2017) - queda de 002 em
relaccedilatildeo ao mecircs anterior
Diacutevida Puacuteblica (porcentagem do PIB) 662 (em 2015)
Diacutevida puacuteblica federal em valores (diacutevida interna + externa) R$ 3438 trilhotildees (em outubro de 2017) - aumento de
022 em relaccedilatildeo ao mecircs anterior
Transaccedilotildees correntes (transaccedilotildees do Brasil com o exterior) deacuteficit de US$ 23507 bilhotildees (em dezembro de 2016)
- 13 do PIB (queda de 60 em relaccedilatildeo a 2015) No total do ano o deacuteficit foi de US$ 22 bilhotildees (122 do PIB)
Resultado primaacuterio do setor puacuteblico (uniatildeo estados e municiacutepios e suas estatais) deacuteficit de R$ 155791 bilhotildees
(em 2016) - 247 do PIB
Contas do Governo Federal (Tesouro Nacional Banco Central e Previdecircncia Social) deacuteficit de R$ 1623 bilhotildees
(em 2016) - representa 24 do PIB superaacutevit primaacuterio de R$ 5191 bilhotildees (em outubro de 2017) no acumulado de
2017 (de janeiro a outubro) deacuteficit de R$ 103243 bilhotildees
Reservas internacionais US$ 3705 bilhotildees (em outubro de 2017)
10
Produccedilatildeo industrial -66 (em 2016) em relaccedilatildeo ao ano anterior Em outubro de 2017 a atividade da induacutestria
brasileira cresceu 53 (em comparaccedilatildeo com o mesmo mecircs do ano anterior)
Arrecadaccedilatildeo federal (impostos e tributos recolhidos) R$ 1289 trilhatildeo (apoacutes abatimento da inflaccedilatildeo IPCA) no ano
de 2016 - queda de 297 em relaccedilatildeo ao ano anterior
Poupanccedila nacional bruta R$ 869 bilhotildees (ano de 2016)
Investimentos diretos no paiacutes (IDP) US$ 789 bilhotildees (em 2016) - 436 do PIB
Contas do Setor Puacuteblico (consolidado) superaacutevit primaacuterio de R$ 475 bilhotildees em outubro de 2017 Entre janeiro e
outubro de 2017 o deacuteficit eacute de R$ 7735 bilhotildees envolve governo federal estados municipios e empresas estatais
CANTINHO TEacuteCNICO
TECHNICAL CORNER
PSK31 From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
A waterfall display depicting several PSK31 transmissions at around 14070 kHz The green lines indicate a station that
is transmitting
PSK31 or Phase Shift Keying 31 Baud also BPSK31 and QPSK31 is a popular computer-sound card-generated radioteletype mode used primarily by amateur radio operators to conduct real-time keyboard-to-keyboard chat most often using frequencies in the high frequencyamateur radio bands (near-shortwave) PSK31 is distinguished from other digital modes in that it is specifically tuned to have a data rate close to typing speed and has an extremely narrow bandwidth allowing many conversations in the same bandwidth as a single voice channel This narrow bandwidth also concentrates the RF energy[citation needed] in a very narrow bandwidth allowing relatively low-power equipment (25 watts) to communicate globally using the same skywave propagation used by shortwave radio stations
Contents
[hide]
1History
2Use and implementation
11
3Resistance to interference
4Technical information
5BPSK31 and QPSK31 variants
6Spectrum efficiency compared to other modes
7Common frequencies
8References
9Further reading
10External links
History[edit]
PSK31 was developed and named by English amateur radio operator Peter Martinez (call sign G3PLX) and introduced to the wider amateur radio community in December 1998[1][2]
The 31 baud BPSK modulation system used in PSK31 was introduced by Pawel Jalocha (SP9VRC) in his SLOWBPSK program written for Motorolas EVM radio Instead of the traditional frequency-shift keying the information is transmitted by patterns of polarity-reversals (sometimes called 180-degree phase shifts) PSK31 was enthusiastically received and its usage grew like wildfire worldwide lending a new popularity and tone to the on-air conduct of digital communications[citation needed] Due to the efficiency of the mode it became and still remains especially popular with operators whose circumstances do not permit the erection of large antenna systems the use of high power or both
Use and implementation[edit]
A sample PSK31
transmission
MENU
000
The text Welcome to
Wikipedia the free
encyclopedia that anyone
can edit sent as PSK31
(QPSK)
Problems playing this file See media help
A PSK31 operator typically uses a single-sideband (SSB) transceiver connected to the sound card of a computer running PSK31 software When the operator enters a message for transmission the software produces an audio tone that sounds to the human ear like a continuous whistle with a slight warble This sound is then fed through either a microphone jack (using an intermediate resistive attenuator to reduce the sound cards output power to microphone levels) or an auxiliary connection into the transceiver from which it is transmitted [3]
From the perspective of the transmitter the sound amounts to little more than somebody whistling into the microphone However the software rapidly shifts the phase of the audio signal between two states (hence the name phase-shift keying) forming the character codes These phase shifts serve the same function as the two tones used in traditional RTTY and similar systems
To decode PSK31 the audio whistle received from the transceivers headphone output is fed into a computer sound cards audio input and software decodes it The software displays the decoded text[3]
Because PSK31 was developed for use through a computers sound card many programs have since been created to use the same technology for other modes such as RTTY Hellschreiber and Olivia MFSK So once it has been set up to run PSK31 a computer can be used to explore a variety of digital message transmission modes
12
Aside from a standard radio transceiver and a computer with a sound card very little equipment is required to use PSK31 Normally an older computer and a few cables will suffice and many PSK31 software applications are free Many operators now use a commercially available interfacemodem device (or nomic) between their computers and radios These devices incorporate the necessary impedance matching and sound level adjustment to permit the sound card output to be injected into the microphone input send the radios audio output to the sound card input and handle the radios transmit-receive switching Soundcard to radio interfaces typically use isolation transformers on both the send and receive audio paths to eliminate hum caused by ground-loops Recently introduced interfaces also incorporate their own sound card and can be powered and run from the computer via a single USB connection
Resistance to interference[edit]
Like other narrow band digital modes PSK31 can often overcome interference and poor propagation conditions in situations where voice or other methods of communication fail However PSK31 was designed only for leisure use by amateurs and due to its relatively slow speed and limited error control is not suitable for transmitting large blocks of data or text or critical data requiring high immunity from errors
PSK31 works well over propagation paths that preserve phase and resists fading (QSB) well However it can be adversely affected by propagation modesmdashsuch as transpolar pathsmdashwhere auroral flutter or multipathing can disrupt the signal phase continuity In such cases the use of QPSK (see below) is often beneficial
Some software supports PSK10 and PSK05 variants running at 10 baud and 5 baud respectively These slower speeds sacrifice throughput to provide greater resistance to noise and other interference Conversely PSK63 is increasingly used for faster exchanges especially during amateur radio contest operating
Technical information[edit]
Example of PSK31 modulation
PSK31 is typically created by software that generates an amplitude- and phase-modulated waveform that is converted to an audio frequency analog signal by a sound card In the most-commonly-used variant BPSK31 binary information is transmitted by either imparting a 180-degree phase shift (a binary zero) or no phase shift (a binary one) in each 32ms symbol interval The 180-degree phase shift for a zero bit code occurs at a null amplitude[4]
As shown in the figure a cosine filter is used to smooth the rise and fall times of the audio waveform and eliminate key clicks All subsequent amplification of the signal must be linear to preserve the modulation waveform and ensure minimum occupied bandwidth In practice this means limiting the transmit audio volume to below the level where the transmitter generates Automatic Level Control (ALC) feedback and disabling any audio compression or speech processing
The Varicode is a kind of Fibonacci code where the boundaries between character codes are marked by two or more consecutive zeros Like all Fibonacci codes since no character code contains more than one consecutive zero the software can easily identify the spaces between characters regardless of the length of the character The idle sequence sent when an operator is not typing is a continuous sequence of phase-shifts which do not print on the screen[2] Martinez arranged the character alphabet so that as in Morse code the more frequently occurring characters have the shortest encodings while rarer characters use longer encodings He named this encoding scheme varicode
PSK31s symbol rate of 3125 Hz was chosen because a normal typing speed of about 50 words per minute requires a bit rate of about 32 bits per second and specifically because 3125 Hz could easily be derived from the 8 kHz sample rate used in many DSP systems including those used in the computer sound cards
13
commonly used for PSK31 operation (3125 Hz is 8 kHz divided by 256 and so can be derived from 8 kHz by halving the frequency eight times in succession)
BPSK31 and QPSK31 variants[edit]
Colloquial usage of the term PSK31 in amateur radio usually implies the use of the most commonly used variant of PSK31 binary phase shift keying (BPSK) BPSK uses no error control but an allied mode QPSK31 quadrature phase shift keying uses four phases instead of two to provide a degree of forward error correction It is simple to switch from BPSK to QPSK if difficulties arise during a contact When QPSK is used after encoding into varicode the binary signal is further transformed into a quaternary set of phase shifts A sliding window of five bits is used to select one of the four possible phase shifts providing a means of error correction by spreading each bit of data across adjacent bits Successful decoding of an input bit requires a large number of phase shift sequences to be received causing a 20-bit 640-millisecond latency (delay) in the output of the decoder[5]
Spectrum efficiency compared to other modes[edit]
PSK31s efficiency and narrow bandwidth make it highly suitable for low-power and crowded-band operation PSK31 contacts can be conducted at less than 100 Hz separation so with disciplined operation at least twenty simultaneous PSK31 contacts can be carried out side-by-side in the 25 kHz bandwidth required for just one SSB voice contact
Common frequencies[edit]
The following amateur radio frequencies are commonly used for transmitting and receiving PSK31 signals They normally occupy the lower edge of each bands digital modes section PSK31 operators generally use upper sideband (USB) even on frequencies below 10 MHz where the convention normally calls for lower sideband This is because (a) signals then spread upwards into the digimode section from the base frequency and (b) using QPSK requires both stations to use the same sideband
PSK31 Frequencies[6]
Frequency Amateur Band
1838 MHz 160 meter
3580 MHz 80 meter
7035 MHz 40 meter (region 3)
7070 MHz 40 meter (regions 12)
10142 MHz 30 meter
14070 MHz 20 meter
14
18100 MHz 17 meter
21080 MHz 15 meter
24920 MHz 12 meter
28120 MHz 10 meter
50290 MHz 6 meter
144144 MHz 2 meter
22207 MHz 125 meter
4322 MHz 70 centimeter
909 MHz 33 centimeter
Current usage as of 2010 based on observation is centered on 707015 and 2107015 703515 is commonly used in Region 2 as of 2012 There is no authoritative list as the frequencies are determined by common convention
The IARU Region 1 Bandplan was revised in March 2009 to reflect the expanded 40 meter band The CW-only section within Europe Africa the Middle East and the former USSR is now 7000 to 7040 Region 2 - The Americas - followed in September 2013 Region 3 - South Asia and Australasia - has not yet synchronised its bandplan with Regions 1 and 2
References[edit]
1 Jump up^ The ARRL Handbook for Radio Communications 84th Ed (2007)9-13
2 ^ Jump up toa b Steven L Karty N5SK PSK31 Spec ARRL Website Retrieved 18 Dec 2010
3 ^ Jump up toa b Jacob Gillespie KD5TEN PSK31 guide Retrieved 2016-06-12
4 Jump up^ McDermott Tom (1998) Wireless Digital Communications Design and Theory Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Corporation p 50 ISBN 0-9644707-2-1
5 Jump up^ Peter Martinez G3PLX PSK31 theory Retrieved 2011-08-08
6 Jump up^ httpaintelbiehuespsk31html
Further reading[edit]
Martinez Peter PSK31 A new radio-teletype mode with a traditional philosophy (PDF) (November 1998)
Steve Ford WB8IMY (2001) Chapter 4 - PSK31 ARRLs HF digital handbook Newington CT The American Radio Relay League ISBN 0-87259-823-3
Meltz Steve The New HF Digital Modes - PSK31 QST April 1999 pp 50-51
15
Martinez Peter [1] PSK31 A New Radio-Teletype Mode RadCom December 1998 updated February 1999
External links[edit]
The Official PSK31 Page
PSK31 Setup and Operation | a PSK31 guide
PSK31 email discussion list with contests app reviews and more
European PSK Club
An online PSK31 receiver tuned to the active Ham band
Another PSK31 receiver in Ukraine
[hide]
v
t
e
Amateur radio digital modes
Frequency-shift keying (FSK)
RTTY
AMTOR SITOR
PACTOR
CLOVER2000
Packet radio (Bell 103
Bell 202)
Multiple frequency-shift keying (MFSK)
Olivia MFSK
Contestia
JT65
FSK441
JT6M
WSPR
Phase-shift keying (PSK)
PSK31
PSK63
Q15X25
COFDM MT63 (based on PSK)
Non-traditional digital modes
Hellschreiber (Feld-Hell)
On-off keying
Continuous wave
Modulated continuous wave
Pulse modulation
Frequency-hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
16
Categories
Quantized radio modulation modes
Packet radio
NOTAS SOCIAIS
ANIVERSARIANTES
Periacuteodo de 17 a 23 de dezembro de 2017
17 VILZIMAR FERREIRA GOMES CRISTALOIDE DE EDWARD SCHILLER-PT2PYC
17 MARCOS ANTONIO DE LIMA BRITO CRISTALOIDE DE ANTONIO DE BRITO-PT2OK
18 EULER DA VEIGA DIAS PT2PF
20 JORGE FLAVIO TEIXEIRA FERNANDES PT2IW REMIDO
21 FABIO DANIEL ROCHA DO NASCIMENTO PT2PRF
21 MARIA PAULA FERREIRA ARECO CRISTALOIDE DE JAFFER ARECO-PT2AZ
21 MARISA C SILVA OLIVEIRA CRISTALOIDE DE ANTONIO ISIDORIO DE OLIVEIRA-PT2AI
21 PEDRO PAULO VASCONCELOS CRISTALOIDE DE EDNEWTON DE VASCONCELOS-PT2EW
22 IRON ANTOcircNIO DOS SANTOS PT2IAS
22 PAULO WILSON DIAS DA SILVA CRISTALOIDE DE PAULO JOSEacuteDA SILVA-PT2APJ
23 RAUL DE ARAUacuteJO CARNEIRO PT2RAC
23 ANTOcircNIO BERTHOLDO GALVAtildeO PT2AG REMIDO
23 CELSO LUIZ KOGLER PP2CK
23 YARA GABRIELLE G DA CONCEICcedilAtildeO CRISTALOIDE DE LEONARDO GONCcedilALVES-PU2ABT
23 CRISTIANE JOFFILY PU2ARE CRISTALOIDE DE ICILIO JOFFILY-PT2IP
23 ANTONIO BERTHOLDO GALVAtildeO PT2AG
17
OBS SOLICITAMOS QUE TODOS OS COLEGAS LABREANOS COMPARECcedilAM Agrave SEDE DA
LABRE-DF PARA REALIZAREM RECADASTRAMENTO DE SEUS DADOS PARA MELHOR
CONTROLE INCLUSIVE COM ATUALIZACcedilAtildeO DE DEPENDENTES
DATAS COMEMORATIVAS
Periacuteodo de 17 a 23 de dezembro de 2017
Dia de Satildeo Laacutezaro
18SEG
Dia do Museoacutelogo
18SEG
Dia de Satildeo Zoacutezimo
20QUA
Dia do Mecacircnico
21QUI
Dia do Atleta
23SAacuteB
Dia do Vizinho
NOTIacuteCIAS DE DX
ARRL DX Bulletin ARLD050 (2017) - ARLD050 news
SB DX ARL $ARLD050
ARLD050 DX news
ZCZC AE50
QST de W1AW
DX Bulletin 50 ARLD050
From ARRL Headquarters
Newington CT December 14 2017
To all radio amateurs
SB DX ARL ARLD050
ARLD050 DX news
This weeks bulletin was made possible with information provided by
the OPDX Bulletin 425 DX News DXNL Contest Corral from QST and
the ARRL Contest Calendar and WA7BNM web sites Thanks to all
VIET NAM 3W Dirk DF2XG is QRV as 3W9XG from Hai Phong while here
on work assignment Activity is in his spare time on 40 to 10
meters using CW His length of stay is unknown QSL via operators
instructions
GEORGIA 4L Vlad UA4WHX will soon be QRV as 4LUA4WHX Activity
will be on 40 to 17 meters using CW SSB and RTTY His length of
stay is unknown QSL to home call
18
CYPRUS 5B Alex 5B4ALX is QRV as special event station 5B4XMAS
until December 31 Activity is on 160 to 10 meters using CW SSB
and various digital modes QSL via IZ4AMS
SENEGAL 6V Members of the Amateur Radio Association of Senegal
are QRV as 6V1A from Goree Island IOTA AF-045 until December 17
Activity is on the HF bands using CW and SSB QSL via 6W7JX
BARBADOS 8P Ernest J69Z is QRV as 8P9JB until January 2 2018
Activity is on 80 to 10 meters QSL direct to home call
PALESTINE E4 Elvira IV3FSG is QRV as E44YL from Bethlehem until
December 18 Activity is on the various HF bands using SSB and
possibly digital modes QSL via IK3GES
SOUTH COOK ISLANDS E5 Mauri AG1LE is QRV as E51DXX from
Rarotonga IOTA OC-013 until December 29 Activity is holiday
style on the HF bands using SSB PSK31 and FT8 QSL to home call
CANARY ISLANDS EA8 Rieder HB9FIH is QRV as EA8HB9FIH from El
Hierro Island IOTA AF-004 until the end of March 2018 Activity
is on 80 to 10 meters and possibly 6 meters using CW RTTY PSK
and some SSB QSL to home call
SOLOMON ISLANDS H4 Shane VK4KHZ is QRV as H44DA from Busone
Malaita Province until early January 2018 Activity is on 80 to 10
meters and satellite SO-50 but with a primary emphasis on 6
meters QSL direct to home call
REPUBLIC OF KOREA HL Special event call DT23WOP is QRV until
February 28 2018 during the Winter Olympic Games that will be held
here QSL via HL1IWD
DJIBOUTI J2 Dane S53T is QRV as J28ND until December 17
Activity is in his spare time on the HF bands using CW SSB and
RTTY QSL via S57DX
SVALBARD JW Morten LA4JSA is QRV as JW4JSA from Bear Island
IOTA EU-027 until June 1 2018 while on work assignment Activity
is in his spare time on the various HF bands QSL to home call
BELGIUM ON Members of the Club Radio Durnal will be QRV as
OT100BCA on December 17 from the Royal Castle of Laeken QSL via
ON4RCD
POLAND SP Special event station SN20WHL is QRV until December 20
to draw attention to the city of Torun that was put on the UNESCO
World Heritage List 20 years ago QSL via SP2TMT
CORSICA TK Georg NZ1C will be QRV as TKNZ1C from December 16 to
24 Activity will be holiday style on 40 to 10 meters using mainly
CW with some SSB RTTY PSK and FT8 QSL via DD5ZZ
19
UKRAINE UR Members of the amateur radio club Band are QRV as
EM25IWW until the end of the year to celebrate the clubs 25th
anniversary QSL via UR7IWW
INDIA VU Members of the Manipal Institute of Technology radio
club are QRV as AT6MIT until January 7 2018 to celebrate the
institutions 60th anniversary QSL via VU3BUN
ROMANIA YO Special event station YP2018HNY will be QRV from
December 15 to January 15 2018 to celebrate Christmas and the New
Year 2018 Activity will be on the HF bands QSL via YO3KPA
THIS WEEKEND ON THE RADIO The ARRL CW Rookie Roundup NCCC RTTY
Sprint 80-Meter QRP CW Fox Hunt NCCC CW Sprint UN DIGI Contest
AGB-Party Contest Russian 160-Meter Contest Feld Hell Sprint OK
DX RTTY Contest Padang DX Contest and the Croatian CW Contest are
all on tap for this upcoming weekend
The Run for the Bacon QRP CW Contest is scheduled for December 18
The CWops Mini-CWT CW Test Phone Fray and 40-Meter QRP CW Fox Hunt
are scheduled for December 20
Please see December QST page 73 and the ARRL and WA7BNM Contest
Web Sites for detailsNNNN EX
SK ndash SILENT KEY ndash PASSAMENTOS
Nihil
________________________________________________
ENCERRAMENTO
AGRADECEMOS AOS COLEGAS QUE ESTIVERAM ACOMPANHANDO NA NOSSA
TRANSMISSAtildeO Agrave DISTINTA ESCUTA DA ANATEL SE POR VENTURA NOS ESTEJA
MONITORANDO E A TODOS AQUELES QUE DE UMA MANEIRA OU DE OUTRA
TOMARAM CONHECIMENTO DESTE QTC LABRE-DF Nordm 502017 COMUNICADOS DE
FALHAS CRIacuteTICAS E APOIO DEVEM SER DIRIGIDOS AO DIRETOR DE
RADIOAMADORISMO RENDY-PT2IQ QUE AS ANALISARAacute E RESPONDERAacute SE
NECESSAacuteRIO ESTE QTC LABRE-DF OBSERVA SEMPRE O DIREITO DE CRIacuteTICA E
RESPOSTA NO MESMO ESPACcedilO UTILIZADO PARA A NOTA CONTESTADA SEMPRE
LEMBRANDO QUE O DIREITO TEM DUAS MAtildeOS DE DIRECcedilAtildeO
Brasiacutelia 16 DE DEZEMBRO DE 2017
PT2GTI ROBERTO FRANCA STUCKERT
DIRETOR-PRESIDENTE LABRE-DF
PT2IQ MIGUEL RENDY
DIRETOR DE RADIOAMADORISMO LABRE-DF
2
Natal
Uma representaccedilatildeo da Natividade com uma aacutervore de Natal ao fundo
Seguido por Cristatildeos
Muitos natildeo-cristatildeos[1]
Tipo Cristatildeo de origem pagatilde
Data 25 de Dezembro
7 de Janeiro (cristatildeos ortodoxos)
6 de janeiro (cristatildeos armecircnios)[2]
Observaccedilotildees Celebra o Nascimento de Cristo
Natal ou Dia de Natal eacute um feriado e festival religioso cristatildeo[3] comemorado anualmente em 25 de dezembro (nos paiacuteses eslavos e ortodoxos cujos calendaacuterios eram baseados no calendaacuterio juliano o Natal eacute comemorado no dia 7 de janeiro) A data eacute o centro das festas de fim de ano e da temporada de feacuterias sendo no cristianismo o marco inicial do Ciclo do Natal que dura doze dias[4]
Originalmente destinada a celebrar o nascimento anual do Deus Sol no solstiacutecio de inverno (natalis invicti Solis)[5] a festividade foi ressignificada pela Igreja Catoacutelica no seacuteculo III para estimular a conversatildeo dos povos pagatildeos sob o domiacutenio do Impeacuterio Romano[6][7][8] e entatildeo passou a comemorar o nascimento de Jesus de Nazareacute[9][10]
Embora tradicionalmente seja um dia santificado cristatildeo o Natal eacute amplamente comemorado por muitos natildeo-cristatildeos[1][11]sendo que alguns de seus costumes populares e temas comemorativos tecircm origens preacute-cristatildes ou seculares Costumes populares modernos tiacutepicos do feriado incluem a troca de presentes e cartotildees a Ceia de Natal muacutesicas natalinas festas de igreja uma refeiccedilatildeo especial e a exibiccedilatildeo de decoraccedilotildees diferentes incluindo as aacutervores de Natal pisca-piscas e guirlandas visco preseacutepios e ilex Aleacutem disso o Papai Noel (conhecido como Pai Natal em Portugal) eacute uma figura mitoloacutegica popular em muitos paiacuteses associada com os presentes para crianccedilas[12]
Como a troca de presentes e muitos outros aspectos da festa de Natal envolvem um aumento da atividade econocircmica entre cristatildeos e natildeo-cristatildeos a festa tornou-se um acontecimento significativo e um periacuteodo chave de vendas para os varejistas e para as empresas O impacto econocircmico da comemoraccedilatildeo eacute um fator que tem crescido de forma constante ao longo dos uacuteltimos seacuteculos em muitas regiotildees do mundo
O Diretor Presidente da LABRE-DF e sua Diretoria Executiva desejam um FELIZ NATAL para todos os radioamadores do Distrito Federal labreanos ou natildeo com votos de um feliz dia de comemoraccedilatildeo e oraccedilatildeo com todos os seus familiares e amigos Louvado seja nosso Senhor Jesus Cristo Shalom Salam Alah
3
Recesso da LABRE-DF ndash 22 de dezembro de 2017 a 22 de janeiro de 2018 Em razatildeo das festividades de final de ano LABRE-DF estaraacute em recesso administrativo no periacuteodo de 22 de dezembro de 2017 a 22 de janeiro de 2018 Desejamos a todos os radioamadores do Distrito Federal e aqueles que nos recebem por este QTC boas comemoraccedilotildees com seus familiares e amigos e nossos desejos de sauacutede e grandes realizaccedilotildees par5a o ano de 2018 Lembre-se ainda se for dirigir natildeo beba se beber natildeo dirija
CONVITE
Corra para a LABRE-DF e venha participar conosco dos nossos encontros Frequente nossas repetidoras para bons QSOrsquos Lembre-se que eacute o olho do dono que faz o gado crescer Eacute um patrimocircnio que vem de nossos antecessores e por isso devemos preservaacute-lo pelo menos em respeito agraves suas memoacuterias Mas corra mesmo para se juntar a noacutes em confraternizaccedilatildeo e crescimento Ocupe nosso espaccedilo que resta com churrascos e farneacuteis Traga seus amigos esposas e filhos destes para nos conhecer e saber o que eacute o verdadeiro radioamadorismo
O QTC DA LABRE-DF NAtildeO SUBSITITUI O QTC DA LABRE (NACIONAL) (ITEM XII DO ART 2ordm DO ESTATUTO DA LABRE NACIONAL)
LABREANO NAtildeO ESQUECcedilA SUA CONTRIBUICcedilAtildeO SOCIAL O nosso porquinho continua vazio e saco vazio natildeo se potildee em peacute
4
Amigo Radioamador a LABREDF precisa de sua
colaboraccedilatildeo para continuar mantendo no ar nossas
repetidoras links realizando cursos promovendo
encontros etc A nossa anuidade este ano eacute no valor de R$
36000 (trezentos e sessenta reais) que poderaacute ser pago a
vista ou parcelado por semestre (R$ 18000) trimestre (R$
9000) ou mensal (R$ 3000)
Para efetuar pagamentos das mensalidades sugerimos fazecirc-los aos
saacutebados na sede da LABRE-DF a partir das 0900h ou depoacutesito na CEF avisando deste
procedimento ao nosso Diretor Presidente STUCKERT-PT2GTI pelo celular (61)
99674-7535 ou para a Secretaria da LABRE-DF para o devido controle
DIRETORIA DE RADIOESCOTISMO ndash LABRE-DF Diretor RENDY-PT2IQ
O QUE Eacute O RADIOESCOTISMO
RADIOESCOTISMO (adaptado da expressatildeo em inglecircs Radio Scouting)
RADIOESCOTISMO Atividades Escoteiras que incluem radiocomunicaccedilatildeo
5
Uniatildeo dos Escoteiros do Brasil Origem Wikipeacutedia a enciclopeacutedia livre
Organizaccedilatildeo Escotista
Dados da Organizaccedilatildeo
Nome Escoteiros do Brasil
Paiacutes Brasil
Sede Curitiba
Localizaccedilatildeo Por todo o territoacuterio brasileiro
Data de Fundaccedilatildeo 4 de novembro de 1924
Fundador Benjamin Sodreacute
Membros 100000 associados
A Uniatildeo dos Escoteiros do Brasil ou apenas Escoteiros do Brasil fundada em 4 de novembro de 1924 eacute uma sociedade civil de acircmbito nacional de direito privado e sem fins lucrativos de caraacuteter educacional cultural beneficente e filantroacutepico reconhecida de utilidade puacuteblica que congrega mais de 1265[1] Grupos Escoteiros no Brasil Em 2017 contava com mais de 80000[2] membros A UEB eacute filiada agrave Organizaccedilatildeo Mundial do Movimento Escoteiro
Organizaccedilatildeo Os Escoteiros do Brasil estatildeo organizados em 3 niacuteveis
O Nacional com autoridade em todo o Territoacuterio brasileiro
O Regional denominado Regiatildeo Escoteira podendo abranger uma ou mais unidades da federaccedilatildeo ou parte delas com autoridade sobre a aacuterea que lhe for fixada - normalmente compreende os Estados da Federaccedilatildeo
O Local constituiacutedo pelos Grupos Escoteiros e Seccedilotildees Escoteiras Autocircnomas que satildeo as organizaccedilotildees locais para a praacutetica do Escotismo
Referecircncias
6
1 Comunicaccedilatildeo Escoteiros do Brasil - Comissatildeo Nacional de Imagem e laquoEscoteiros do Brasilraquo wwwescoteirosorgbr Consultado em 22 de setembro de 2017
2 Comunicaccedilatildeo Escoteiros do Brasil - Comissatildeo Nacional de Imagem e laquoEscoteiros do Brasilraquo wwwescoteirosorgbr Consultado em 22 de setembro de 2017
BADEN POWELL PREVIU O INTERESSE DOS ESCOTEIROS PELO RAacuteDIO
NOTICIAS DA ANATEL BRASIacuteLIA DF
NOTA DE IMPRENSA
Reuniatildeo entre Anatel e Aneel
A Agecircncia Nacional de Telecomunicaccedilotildees (Anatel) e a Agecircncia Nacional de Energia Eleacutetrica
(Aneel) realizaram reuniatildeo na sede da Anatel nesta sexta-ffeira (1512) para discutir as questotildees
envolvendo as agecircncias reguladoras especialmente no tocante ao tema da ocupaccedilatildeo de pontos de
fixaccedilatildeo em infraestruturas de postes
CEMI Brasil bloqueia 91 milhotildees de celulares por roubo furto ou perda
Publicado Sexta 08 de Dezembro de 2017 14h30 | Uacuteltima atualizaccedilatildeo em Segunda 11 de Dezembro de 2017 10h20 | Acessos 802
A Agecircncia Nacional de Telecomunicaccedilotildees (Anatel) informa que em novembro de 2017 o Cadastro
Nacional de Estaccedilotildees Moacuteveis Impedidas (Cemi) registrou 9123567 de celulares bloqueados no Brasil
aumento de 119421 ou 133 em relaccedilatildeo a outubro deste ano
O Cemi manteacutem o registro dos aparelhos perdidos furtados ou roubados que estatildeo bloqueados Nos
uacuteltimos 12 meses foram impedidos de funcionar 1586458 aparelhos um aumento de 2105 em
relaccedilatildeo a novembro de 2016
7
No total de 9123567 de celulares que estavam bloqueados em novembro deste ano estatildeo aparelhos
impedidos por solicitaccedilatildeo direta dos usuaacuterios agraves empresas ou pelo registro de Boletim de Ocorrecircncia
junto agraves poliacutecias dos governos dos estados e do Distrito Federal
No Brasil em novembro deste ano eram 8975969 celulares impedidos por solicitaccedilatildeo direta de
usuaacuterios aumento de 103441 ou 117 em relaccedilatildeo a outubro de 2017 Nos uacuteltimos 12 meses os
usuaacuterios das operadoras de telefonia moacutevel solicitaram o bloqueio de mais de 1447689 aparelhos
Oacutergatildeos de seguranccedila
As poliacutecias estaduais e do Distrito Federal bloquearam 147598 celulares no Cemi ateacute novembro deste
ano Nos uacuteltimos 12 meses foram bloqueados 138769 aparelhos trabalho realizado em conjunto das
empresas e a aacutereas de seguranccedila dos estados
O maior nuacutemero de celulares bloqueados pelos oacutergatildeos de seguranccedila foram nos estados de Satildeo Paulo
90277 aparelhos Rio de Janeiro com 23289 e o Espiacuterito Santo com 9999 terminais
Desde marccedilo de 2016 quando comeccedilou a funcionar o sistema 23 secretarias de seguranccedila dos estados
e a do Distrito Federal jaacute assinaram o convecircnio com a Anatel para inscriccedilatildeo no Cemi Somente cinco
estados ainda natildeo firmaram o termo de adesatildeo ao Cadastro
Exterior
O sistema de bloqueio de celulares do Cemi eacute integrado agrave GSM Association base internacional de
aparelhos impedidos Os celulares bloqueados por operadoras no exterior totalizaram 39732184 no mecircs
de novembro deste ano Um aumento de 692196 ou 177 se comparado ao mecircs anterior Nos uacuteltimos
12 meses foram bloqueados mais 4584138 celulares ou 1304 pela GSM
O Cemi eacute supervisionado pela Anatel operacionalizado pela ABRTelecom e implementado pelas
prestadoras da telefonia moacutevel
COMO ESTAacute A ECONOMIA BRASILEIRA Doacutelar americano Cotaccedilatildeo de fechamento do doacutelar no dia 15122017 Sexta-feira
Doacutelar-dos-EUA
Data Taxa de Compra Taxa de Venda
15122017 33176 33182
8
O Banco Central natildeo assume qualquer responsabilidade pela natildeo simultaneidade ou falta das informaccedilotildees
prestadas assim como por eventuais erros de paridades das moedas ou qualquer outro salvo a paridade relativa ao doacutelar dos Estados Unidos da Ameacuterica em relaccedilatildeo ao Real Igualmente natildeo se responsabiliza pelos atrasos ou
indisponibilidade de serviccedilos de telecomunicaccedilatildeo interrupccedilatildeo falha ou pelas imprecisotildees no fornecimento dos serviccedilos ou informaccedilotildees Natildeo assume tambeacutem responsabilidade por qualquer perda ou dano oriundo de tais
interrupccedilotildees atrasos falhas ou imperfeiccedilotildees bem como pelo uso inadequado das informaccedilotildees contidas na transaccedilatildeo
Economia Brasileira atual dados iacutendices exportaccedilotildees importaccedilotildees inflaccedilatildeo PIB
setores da economia comeacutercio exterior importaccedilotildees saldo comercial parceiros econocircmicos produtos energia setores da economia brasileira
Economia brasileira entre as dez maiores do mundo
Introduccedilatildeo
Embora esteja passando por um momento de crise provocada principalmente por problemas poliacuteticos o Brasil ainda
apresenta uma economia forte e soacutelida O paiacutes eacute um grande produtor e exportador de mercadorias de diversos tipos
principalmente commodities minerais agriacutecolas e manufaturados As aacutereas de agricultura induacutestria e serviccedilos satildeo bem
desenvolvidas e encontram-se atualmente em bom momento de expansatildeo Considerado um paiacutes emergente o Brasil
ocupa o 9ordm lugar no ranking das maiores economias do mundo (em volume de PIB de 2016) O Brasil possui uma
economia aberta e inserida no processo de globalizaccedilatildeo
Informaccedilotildees iacutendices e dados da economia brasileira
Moeda Real (siacutembolo R$)
PIB de 2016 (Produto Interno Bruto) R$ 6267 trilhotildees ou US$ 2015 trilhotildees taxa de cacircmbio usada US$ 100 =
R$ 311 (em 07032017)
Renda per Capita de 2016 (PIB per capita) R$ 30407 ou US$ 9777 taxa de cacircmbio usada US$ 100 = R$ 311
(em 07032017)
Coeficiente de Gini 0495 (2013) alto
Evoluccedilatildeo do PIB nos uacuteltimos anos 13 (2001) 31 (2002) 12 (2003) 57 (2004) 31 (2005) 4 (2006)
6 (2007) 5 (2008) - 02 (2009) 76 (2010) 39 (2011) 1 (2012) 25 (2013) 01 (2014) -38 (2015)
-36 (2016)
Desempenho do PIB no ano de 2016 (de janeiro a dezembro) -36
Desempenho do PIB no ano de 2016 (de janeiro a marccedilo - 1ordm trimestre) -03 (em relaccedilatildeo ao trimestre anterior)
Desempenho do PIB no ano de 2016 (de abril a junho - 2ordm trimestre) -06 (em relaccedilatildeo ao trimestre anterior)
Desempenho do PIB no ano de 2016 (de julho a setembro - 3ordm trimestre) -08 (em relaccedilatildeo ao trimestre anterior)
9
Desempenho do PIB no ano de 2016 (de outubro a dezembro - 4ordm trimestre) -09 (em relaccedilatildeo ao trimestre
anterior)
PIB 2017 (1ordm trimestre) +10 (dado divulgado pelo IBGE em 01062017)
PIB 2017 (2ordm trimestre) +02 (dado divulgado pelo IBGE em 01092017)
PIB 2017 (3ordm trimestre) +01 (dado divulgado pelo IBGE em 01122017)
PIB 2017 em valores correntes No 1ordm trimestre R$ 1595 trilhatildeo (US$ 4938 bilhotildees ndash cotaccedilatildeo de 01062017 com
doacutelar a R$ 323) No 2ordm trimestre R$ 1639 trilhatildeo (US$ 5236 bilhotildees ndash cotaccedilatildeo de 01092017 com doacutelar a R$ 313)
No 3ordm trimestre R$ 1641 trilhatildeo (US$ 5018 bilhotildees - cotaccedilatildeo de 011217 com doacutelar a R$ 327)
Taxa de investimentos 164 do PIB (em 2016) 155 do PIB (no 2ordm trimestre de 2017)
Taxa de poupanccedila 139 do PIB (em 2016) 158 do PIB (no 2ordm trimestre de 2017)
Forccedila de trabalho 1042 milhotildees de trabalhadores (de agosto a outubro de 2017) 915 milhotildees ocupadas e 127
milhotildees desocupadas
Inflaccedilatildeo 629 (IPCA de 2016) | 028 (IPCA de novembro de 2017) | no acumulado do ano de 2017 (de janeiro a
novembro) 250
Taxa de desemprego 115 (taxa meacutedia anual de 2016) 122 (entre agosto e outubro de 2017) com 127 milhotildees
de desempregados
Brasileiros empregados (populaccedilatildeo ocupada) 915 milhotildees de pessoas (entre agosto e outubro de 2017 - IBGE)
Rendimento meacutedio dos trabalhadores brasileiros R$ 2127 (de agosto a outubro de 2017 - IBGE)
Taxa baacutesica de Juros do Banco Central (SELIC) 700 ao ano (referecircncia desde 06 de dezembro de 2017)
Salaacuterio Miacutenimo Nacional R$ 93700 (a partir de 1ordm de janeiro de 2017)
Diacutevida Externa US$ 315267 bilhotildees (setor puacuteblico e setor privado) - dados relativos a agosto de 2017 Fonte Banco
Central
Diacutevida Federal Externa R$ 12707 bilhotildees ou US$ 3878 bilhotildees (em outubro de 2017) - aumento de 688 em
relaccedilatildeo ao mecircs anterior
Diacutevida Puacuteblica Mobiliaacuteria Federal Interna (DPMFi) R$ 3311 trilhotildees (em outubro de 2017) - queda de 002 em
relaccedilatildeo ao mecircs anterior
Diacutevida Puacuteblica (porcentagem do PIB) 662 (em 2015)
Diacutevida puacuteblica federal em valores (diacutevida interna + externa) R$ 3438 trilhotildees (em outubro de 2017) - aumento de
022 em relaccedilatildeo ao mecircs anterior
Transaccedilotildees correntes (transaccedilotildees do Brasil com o exterior) deacuteficit de US$ 23507 bilhotildees (em dezembro de 2016)
- 13 do PIB (queda de 60 em relaccedilatildeo a 2015) No total do ano o deacuteficit foi de US$ 22 bilhotildees (122 do PIB)
Resultado primaacuterio do setor puacuteblico (uniatildeo estados e municiacutepios e suas estatais) deacuteficit de R$ 155791 bilhotildees
(em 2016) - 247 do PIB
Contas do Governo Federal (Tesouro Nacional Banco Central e Previdecircncia Social) deacuteficit de R$ 1623 bilhotildees
(em 2016) - representa 24 do PIB superaacutevit primaacuterio de R$ 5191 bilhotildees (em outubro de 2017) no acumulado de
2017 (de janeiro a outubro) deacuteficit de R$ 103243 bilhotildees
Reservas internacionais US$ 3705 bilhotildees (em outubro de 2017)
10
Produccedilatildeo industrial -66 (em 2016) em relaccedilatildeo ao ano anterior Em outubro de 2017 a atividade da induacutestria
brasileira cresceu 53 (em comparaccedilatildeo com o mesmo mecircs do ano anterior)
Arrecadaccedilatildeo federal (impostos e tributos recolhidos) R$ 1289 trilhatildeo (apoacutes abatimento da inflaccedilatildeo IPCA) no ano
de 2016 - queda de 297 em relaccedilatildeo ao ano anterior
Poupanccedila nacional bruta R$ 869 bilhotildees (ano de 2016)
Investimentos diretos no paiacutes (IDP) US$ 789 bilhotildees (em 2016) - 436 do PIB
Contas do Setor Puacuteblico (consolidado) superaacutevit primaacuterio de R$ 475 bilhotildees em outubro de 2017 Entre janeiro e
outubro de 2017 o deacuteficit eacute de R$ 7735 bilhotildees envolve governo federal estados municipios e empresas estatais
CANTINHO TEacuteCNICO
TECHNICAL CORNER
PSK31 From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
A waterfall display depicting several PSK31 transmissions at around 14070 kHz The green lines indicate a station that
is transmitting
PSK31 or Phase Shift Keying 31 Baud also BPSK31 and QPSK31 is a popular computer-sound card-generated radioteletype mode used primarily by amateur radio operators to conduct real-time keyboard-to-keyboard chat most often using frequencies in the high frequencyamateur radio bands (near-shortwave) PSK31 is distinguished from other digital modes in that it is specifically tuned to have a data rate close to typing speed and has an extremely narrow bandwidth allowing many conversations in the same bandwidth as a single voice channel This narrow bandwidth also concentrates the RF energy[citation needed] in a very narrow bandwidth allowing relatively low-power equipment (25 watts) to communicate globally using the same skywave propagation used by shortwave radio stations
Contents
[hide]
1History
2Use and implementation
11
3Resistance to interference
4Technical information
5BPSK31 and QPSK31 variants
6Spectrum efficiency compared to other modes
7Common frequencies
8References
9Further reading
10External links
History[edit]
PSK31 was developed and named by English amateur radio operator Peter Martinez (call sign G3PLX) and introduced to the wider amateur radio community in December 1998[1][2]
The 31 baud BPSK modulation system used in PSK31 was introduced by Pawel Jalocha (SP9VRC) in his SLOWBPSK program written for Motorolas EVM radio Instead of the traditional frequency-shift keying the information is transmitted by patterns of polarity-reversals (sometimes called 180-degree phase shifts) PSK31 was enthusiastically received and its usage grew like wildfire worldwide lending a new popularity and tone to the on-air conduct of digital communications[citation needed] Due to the efficiency of the mode it became and still remains especially popular with operators whose circumstances do not permit the erection of large antenna systems the use of high power or both
Use and implementation[edit]
A sample PSK31
transmission
MENU
000
The text Welcome to
Wikipedia the free
encyclopedia that anyone
can edit sent as PSK31
(QPSK)
Problems playing this file See media help
A PSK31 operator typically uses a single-sideband (SSB) transceiver connected to the sound card of a computer running PSK31 software When the operator enters a message for transmission the software produces an audio tone that sounds to the human ear like a continuous whistle with a slight warble This sound is then fed through either a microphone jack (using an intermediate resistive attenuator to reduce the sound cards output power to microphone levels) or an auxiliary connection into the transceiver from which it is transmitted [3]
From the perspective of the transmitter the sound amounts to little more than somebody whistling into the microphone However the software rapidly shifts the phase of the audio signal between two states (hence the name phase-shift keying) forming the character codes These phase shifts serve the same function as the two tones used in traditional RTTY and similar systems
To decode PSK31 the audio whistle received from the transceivers headphone output is fed into a computer sound cards audio input and software decodes it The software displays the decoded text[3]
Because PSK31 was developed for use through a computers sound card many programs have since been created to use the same technology for other modes such as RTTY Hellschreiber and Olivia MFSK So once it has been set up to run PSK31 a computer can be used to explore a variety of digital message transmission modes
12
Aside from a standard radio transceiver and a computer with a sound card very little equipment is required to use PSK31 Normally an older computer and a few cables will suffice and many PSK31 software applications are free Many operators now use a commercially available interfacemodem device (or nomic) between their computers and radios These devices incorporate the necessary impedance matching and sound level adjustment to permit the sound card output to be injected into the microphone input send the radios audio output to the sound card input and handle the radios transmit-receive switching Soundcard to radio interfaces typically use isolation transformers on both the send and receive audio paths to eliminate hum caused by ground-loops Recently introduced interfaces also incorporate their own sound card and can be powered and run from the computer via a single USB connection
Resistance to interference[edit]
Like other narrow band digital modes PSK31 can often overcome interference and poor propagation conditions in situations where voice or other methods of communication fail However PSK31 was designed only for leisure use by amateurs and due to its relatively slow speed and limited error control is not suitable for transmitting large blocks of data or text or critical data requiring high immunity from errors
PSK31 works well over propagation paths that preserve phase and resists fading (QSB) well However it can be adversely affected by propagation modesmdashsuch as transpolar pathsmdashwhere auroral flutter or multipathing can disrupt the signal phase continuity In such cases the use of QPSK (see below) is often beneficial
Some software supports PSK10 and PSK05 variants running at 10 baud and 5 baud respectively These slower speeds sacrifice throughput to provide greater resistance to noise and other interference Conversely PSK63 is increasingly used for faster exchanges especially during amateur radio contest operating
Technical information[edit]
Example of PSK31 modulation
PSK31 is typically created by software that generates an amplitude- and phase-modulated waveform that is converted to an audio frequency analog signal by a sound card In the most-commonly-used variant BPSK31 binary information is transmitted by either imparting a 180-degree phase shift (a binary zero) or no phase shift (a binary one) in each 32ms symbol interval The 180-degree phase shift for a zero bit code occurs at a null amplitude[4]
As shown in the figure a cosine filter is used to smooth the rise and fall times of the audio waveform and eliminate key clicks All subsequent amplification of the signal must be linear to preserve the modulation waveform and ensure minimum occupied bandwidth In practice this means limiting the transmit audio volume to below the level where the transmitter generates Automatic Level Control (ALC) feedback and disabling any audio compression or speech processing
The Varicode is a kind of Fibonacci code where the boundaries between character codes are marked by two or more consecutive zeros Like all Fibonacci codes since no character code contains more than one consecutive zero the software can easily identify the spaces between characters regardless of the length of the character The idle sequence sent when an operator is not typing is a continuous sequence of phase-shifts which do not print on the screen[2] Martinez arranged the character alphabet so that as in Morse code the more frequently occurring characters have the shortest encodings while rarer characters use longer encodings He named this encoding scheme varicode
PSK31s symbol rate of 3125 Hz was chosen because a normal typing speed of about 50 words per minute requires a bit rate of about 32 bits per second and specifically because 3125 Hz could easily be derived from the 8 kHz sample rate used in many DSP systems including those used in the computer sound cards
13
commonly used for PSK31 operation (3125 Hz is 8 kHz divided by 256 and so can be derived from 8 kHz by halving the frequency eight times in succession)
BPSK31 and QPSK31 variants[edit]
Colloquial usage of the term PSK31 in amateur radio usually implies the use of the most commonly used variant of PSK31 binary phase shift keying (BPSK) BPSK uses no error control but an allied mode QPSK31 quadrature phase shift keying uses four phases instead of two to provide a degree of forward error correction It is simple to switch from BPSK to QPSK if difficulties arise during a contact When QPSK is used after encoding into varicode the binary signal is further transformed into a quaternary set of phase shifts A sliding window of five bits is used to select one of the four possible phase shifts providing a means of error correction by spreading each bit of data across adjacent bits Successful decoding of an input bit requires a large number of phase shift sequences to be received causing a 20-bit 640-millisecond latency (delay) in the output of the decoder[5]
Spectrum efficiency compared to other modes[edit]
PSK31s efficiency and narrow bandwidth make it highly suitable for low-power and crowded-band operation PSK31 contacts can be conducted at less than 100 Hz separation so with disciplined operation at least twenty simultaneous PSK31 contacts can be carried out side-by-side in the 25 kHz bandwidth required for just one SSB voice contact
Common frequencies[edit]
The following amateur radio frequencies are commonly used for transmitting and receiving PSK31 signals They normally occupy the lower edge of each bands digital modes section PSK31 operators generally use upper sideband (USB) even on frequencies below 10 MHz where the convention normally calls for lower sideband This is because (a) signals then spread upwards into the digimode section from the base frequency and (b) using QPSK requires both stations to use the same sideband
PSK31 Frequencies[6]
Frequency Amateur Band
1838 MHz 160 meter
3580 MHz 80 meter
7035 MHz 40 meter (region 3)
7070 MHz 40 meter (regions 12)
10142 MHz 30 meter
14070 MHz 20 meter
14
18100 MHz 17 meter
21080 MHz 15 meter
24920 MHz 12 meter
28120 MHz 10 meter
50290 MHz 6 meter
144144 MHz 2 meter
22207 MHz 125 meter
4322 MHz 70 centimeter
909 MHz 33 centimeter
Current usage as of 2010 based on observation is centered on 707015 and 2107015 703515 is commonly used in Region 2 as of 2012 There is no authoritative list as the frequencies are determined by common convention
The IARU Region 1 Bandplan was revised in March 2009 to reflect the expanded 40 meter band The CW-only section within Europe Africa the Middle East and the former USSR is now 7000 to 7040 Region 2 - The Americas - followed in September 2013 Region 3 - South Asia and Australasia - has not yet synchronised its bandplan with Regions 1 and 2
References[edit]
1 Jump up^ The ARRL Handbook for Radio Communications 84th Ed (2007)9-13
2 ^ Jump up toa b Steven L Karty N5SK PSK31 Spec ARRL Website Retrieved 18 Dec 2010
3 ^ Jump up toa b Jacob Gillespie KD5TEN PSK31 guide Retrieved 2016-06-12
4 Jump up^ McDermott Tom (1998) Wireless Digital Communications Design and Theory Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Corporation p 50 ISBN 0-9644707-2-1
5 Jump up^ Peter Martinez G3PLX PSK31 theory Retrieved 2011-08-08
6 Jump up^ httpaintelbiehuespsk31html
Further reading[edit]
Martinez Peter PSK31 A new radio-teletype mode with a traditional philosophy (PDF) (November 1998)
Steve Ford WB8IMY (2001) Chapter 4 - PSK31 ARRLs HF digital handbook Newington CT The American Radio Relay League ISBN 0-87259-823-3
Meltz Steve The New HF Digital Modes - PSK31 QST April 1999 pp 50-51
15
Martinez Peter [1] PSK31 A New Radio-Teletype Mode RadCom December 1998 updated February 1999
External links[edit]
The Official PSK31 Page
PSK31 Setup and Operation | a PSK31 guide
PSK31 email discussion list with contests app reviews and more
European PSK Club
An online PSK31 receiver tuned to the active Ham band
Another PSK31 receiver in Ukraine
[hide]
v
t
e
Amateur radio digital modes
Frequency-shift keying (FSK)
RTTY
AMTOR SITOR
PACTOR
CLOVER2000
Packet radio (Bell 103
Bell 202)
Multiple frequency-shift keying (MFSK)
Olivia MFSK
Contestia
JT65
FSK441
JT6M
WSPR
Phase-shift keying (PSK)
PSK31
PSK63
Q15X25
COFDM MT63 (based on PSK)
Non-traditional digital modes
Hellschreiber (Feld-Hell)
On-off keying
Continuous wave
Modulated continuous wave
Pulse modulation
Frequency-hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
16
Categories
Quantized radio modulation modes
Packet radio
NOTAS SOCIAIS
ANIVERSARIANTES
Periacuteodo de 17 a 23 de dezembro de 2017
17 VILZIMAR FERREIRA GOMES CRISTALOIDE DE EDWARD SCHILLER-PT2PYC
17 MARCOS ANTONIO DE LIMA BRITO CRISTALOIDE DE ANTONIO DE BRITO-PT2OK
18 EULER DA VEIGA DIAS PT2PF
20 JORGE FLAVIO TEIXEIRA FERNANDES PT2IW REMIDO
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21 MARIA PAULA FERREIRA ARECO CRISTALOIDE DE JAFFER ARECO-PT2AZ
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21 PEDRO PAULO VASCONCELOS CRISTALOIDE DE EDNEWTON DE VASCONCELOS-PT2EW
22 IRON ANTOcircNIO DOS SANTOS PT2IAS
22 PAULO WILSON DIAS DA SILVA CRISTALOIDE DE PAULO JOSEacuteDA SILVA-PT2APJ
23 RAUL DE ARAUacuteJO CARNEIRO PT2RAC
23 ANTOcircNIO BERTHOLDO GALVAtildeO PT2AG REMIDO
23 CELSO LUIZ KOGLER PP2CK
23 YARA GABRIELLE G DA CONCEICcedilAtildeO CRISTALOIDE DE LEONARDO GONCcedilALVES-PU2ABT
23 CRISTIANE JOFFILY PU2ARE CRISTALOIDE DE ICILIO JOFFILY-PT2IP
23 ANTONIO BERTHOLDO GALVAtildeO PT2AG
17
OBS SOLICITAMOS QUE TODOS OS COLEGAS LABREANOS COMPARECcedilAM Agrave SEDE DA
LABRE-DF PARA REALIZAREM RECADASTRAMENTO DE SEUS DADOS PARA MELHOR
CONTROLE INCLUSIVE COM ATUALIZACcedilAtildeO DE DEPENDENTES
DATAS COMEMORATIVAS
Periacuteodo de 17 a 23 de dezembro de 2017
Dia de Satildeo Laacutezaro
18SEG
Dia do Museoacutelogo
18SEG
Dia de Satildeo Zoacutezimo
20QUA
Dia do Mecacircnico
21QUI
Dia do Atleta
23SAacuteB
Dia do Vizinho
NOTIacuteCIAS DE DX
ARRL DX Bulletin ARLD050 (2017) - ARLD050 news
SB DX ARL $ARLD050
ARLD050 DX news
ZCZC AE50
QST de W1AW
DX Bulletin 50 ARLD050
From ARRL Headquarters
Newington CT December 14 2017
To all radio amateurs
SB DX ARL ARLD050
ARLD050 DX news
This weeks bulletin was made possible with information provided by
the OPDX Bulletin 425 DX News DXNL Contest Corral from QST and
the ARRL Contest Calendar and WA7BNM web sites Thanks to all
VIET NAM 3W Dirk DF2XG is QRV as 3W9XG from Hai Phong while here
on work assignment Activity is in his spare time on 40 to 10
meters using CW His length of stay is unknown QSL via operators
instructions
GEORGIA 4L Vlad UA4WHX will soon be QRV as 4LUA4WHX Activity
will be on 40 to 17 meters using CW SSB and RTTY His length of
stay is unknown QSL to home call
18
CYPRUS 5B Alex 5B4ALX is QRV as special event station 5B4XMAS
until December 31 Activity is on 160 to 10 meters using CW SSB
and various digital modes QSL via IZ4AMS
SENEGAL 6V Members of the Amateur Radio Association of Senegal
are QRV as 6V1A from Goree Island IOTA AF-045 until December 17
Activity is on the HF bands using CW and SSB QSL via 6W7JX
BARBADOS 8P Ernest J69Z is QRV as 8P9JB until January 2 2018
Activity is on 80 to 10 meters QSL direct to home call
PALESTINE E4 Elvira IV3FSG is QRV as E44YL from Bethlehem until
December 18 Activity is on the various HF bands using SSB and
possibly digital modes QSL via IK3GES
SOUTH COOK ISLANDS E5 Mauri AG1LE is QRV as E51DXX from
Rarotonga IOTA OC-013 until December 29 Activity is holiday
style on the HF bands using SSB PSK31 and FT8 QSL to home call
CANARY ISLANDS EA8 Rieder HB9FIH is QRV as EA8HB9FIH from El
Hierro Island IOTA AF-004 until the end of March 2018 Activity
is on 80 to 10 meters and possibly 6 meters using CW RTTY PSK
and some SSB QSL to home call
SOLOMON ISLANDS H4 Shane VK4KHZ is QRV as H44DA from Busone
Malaita Province until early January 2018 Activity is on 80 to 10
meters and satellite SO-50 but with a primary emphasis on 6
meters QSL direct to home call
REPUBLIC OF KOREA HL Special event call DT23WOP is QRV until
February 28 2018 during the Winter Olympic Games that will be held
here QSL via HL1IWD
DJIBOUTI J2 Dane S53T is QRV as J28ND until December 17
Activity is in his spare time on the HF bands using CW SSB and
RTTY QSL via S57DX
SVALBARD JW Morten LA4JSA is QRV as JW4JSA from Bear Island
IOTA EU-027 until June 1 2018 while on work assignment Activity
is in his spare time on the various HF bands QSL to home call
BELGIUM ON Members of the Club Radio Durnal will be QRV as
OT100BCA on December 17 from the Royal Castle of Laeken QSL via
ON4RCD
POLAND SP Special event station SN20WHL is QRV until December 20
to draw attention to the city of Torun that was put on the UNESCO
World Heritage List 20 years ago QSL via SP2TMT
CORSICA TK Georg NZ1C will be QRV as TKNZ1C from December 16 to
24 Activity will be holiday style on 40 to 10 meters using mainly
CW with some SSB RTTY PSK and FT8 QSL via DD5ZZ
19
UKRAINE UR Members of the amateur radio club Band are QRV as
EM25IWW until the end of the year to celebrate the clubs 25th
anniversary QSL via UR7IWW
INDIA VU Members of the Manipal Institute of Technology radio
club are QRV as AT6MIT until January 7 2018 to celebrate the
institutions 60th anniversary QSL via VU3BUN
ROMANIA YO Special event station YP2018HNY will be QRV from
December 15 to January 15 2018 to celebrate Christmas and the New
Year 2018 Activity will be on the HF bands QSL via YO3KPA
THIS WEEKEND ON THE RADIO The ARRL CW Rookie Roundup NCCC RTTY
Sprint 80-Meter QRP CW Fox Hunt NCCC CW Sprint UN DIGI Contest
AGB-Party Contest Russian 160-Meter Contest Feld Hell Sprint OK
DX RTTY Contest Padang DX Contest and the Croatian CW Contest are
all on tap for this upcoming weekend
The Run for the Bacon QRP CW Contest is scheduled for December 18
The CWops Mini-CWT CW Test Phone Fray and 40-Meter QRP CW Fox Hunt
are scheduled for December 20
Please see December QST page 73 and the ARRL and WA7BNM Contest
Web Sites for detailsNNNN EX
SK ndash SILENT KEY ndash PASSAMENTOS
Nihil
________________________________________________
ENCERRAMENTO
AGRADECEMOS AOS COLEGAS QUE ESTIVERAM ACOMPANHANDO NA NOSSA
TRANSMISSAtildeO Agrave DISTINTA ESCUTA DA ANATEL SE POR VENTURA NOS ESTEJA
MONITORANDO E A TODOS AQUELES QUE DE UMA MANEIRA OU DE OUTRA
TOMARAM CONHECIMENTO DESTE QTC LABRE-DF Nordm 502017 COMUNICADOS DE
FALHAS CRIacuteTICAS E APOIO DEVEM SER DIRIGIDOS AO DIRETOR DE
RADIOAMADORISMO RENDY-PT2IQ QUE AS ANALISARAacute E RESPONDERAacute SE
NECESSAacuteRIO ESTE QTC LABRE-DF OBSERVA SEMPRE O DIREITO DE CRIacuteTICA E
RESPOSTA NO MESMO ESPACcedilO UTILIZADO PARA A NOTA CONTESTADA SEMPRE
LEMBRANDO QUE O DIREITO TEM DUAS MAtildeOS DE DIRECcedilAtildeO
Brasiacutelia 16 DE DEZEMBRO DE 2017
PT2GTI ROBERTO FRANCA STUCKERT
DIRETOR-PRESIDENTE LABRE-DF
PT2IQ MIGUEL RENDY
DIRETOR DE RADIOAMADORISMO LABRE-DF
3
Recesso da LABRE-DF ndash 22 de dezembro de 2017 a 22 de janeiro de 2018 Em razatildeo das festividades de final de ano LABRE-DF estaraacute em recesso administrativo no periacuteodo de 22 de dezembro de 2017 a 22 de janeiro de 2018 Desejamos a todos os radioamadores do Distrito Federal e aqueles que nos recebem por este QTC boas comemoraccedilotildees com seus familiares e amigos e nossos desejos de sauacutede e grandes realizaccedilotildees par5a o ano de 2018 Lembre-se ainda se for dirigir natildeo beba se beber natildeo dirija
CONVITE
Corra para a LABRE-DF e venha participar conosco dos nossos encontros Frequente nossas repetidoras para bons QSOrsquos Lembre-se que eacute o olho do dono que faz o gado crescer Eacute um patrimocircnio que vem de nossos antecessores e por isso devemos preservaacute-lo pelo menos em respeito agraves suas memoacuterias Mas corra mesmo para se juntar a noacutes em confraternizaccedilatildeo e crescimento Ocupe nosso espaccedilo que resta com churrascos e farneacuteis Traga seus amigos esposas e filhos destes para nos conhecer e saber o que eacute o verdadeiro radioamadorismo
O QTC DA LABRE-DF NAtildeO SUBSITITUI O QTC DA LABRE (NACIONAL) (ITEM XII DO ART 2ordm DO ESTATUTO DA LABRE NACIONAL)
LABREANO NAtildeO ESQUECcedilA SUA CONTRIBUICcedilAtildeO SOCIAL O nosso porquinho continua vazio e saco vazio natildeo se potildee em peacute
4
Amigo Radioamador a LABREDF precisa de sua
colaboraccedilatildeo para continuar mantendo no ar nossas
repetidoras links realizando cursos promovendo
encontros etc A nossa anuidade este ano eacute no valor de R$
36000 (trezentos e sessenta reais) que poderaacute ser pago a
vista ou parcelado por semestre (R$ 18000) trimestre (R$
9000) ou mensal (R$ 3000)
Para efetuar pagamentos das mensalidades sugerimos fazecirc-los aos
saacutebados na sede da LABRE-DF a partir das 0900h ou depoacutesito na CEF avisando deste
procedimento ao nosso Diretor Presidente STUCKERT-PT2GTI pelo celular (61)
99674-7535 ou para a Secretaria da LABRE-DF para o devido controle
DIRETORIA DE RADIOESCOTISMO ndash LABRE-DF Diretor RENDY-PT2IQ
O QUE Eacute O RADIOESCOTISMO
RADIOESCOTISMO (adaptado da expressatildeo em inglecircs Radio Scouting)
RADIOESCOTISMO Atividades Escoteiras que incluem radiocomunicaccedilatildeo
5
Uniatildeo dos Escoteiros do Brasil Origem Wikipeacutedia a enciclopeacutedia livre
Organizaccedilatildeo Escotista
Dados da Organizaccedilatildeo
Nome Escoteiros do Brasil
Paiacutes Brasil
Sede Curitiba
Localizaccedilatildeo Por todo o territoacuterio brasileiro
Data de Fundaccedilatildeo 4 de novembro de 1924
Fundador Benjamin Sodreacute
Membros 100000 associados
A Uniatildeo dos Escoteiros do Brasil ou apenas Escoteiros do Brasil fundada em 4 de novembro de 1924 eacute uma sociedade civil de acircmbito nacional de direito privado e sem fins lucrativos de caraacuteter educacional cultural beneficente e filantroacutepico reconhecida de utilidade puacuteblica que congrega mais de 1265[1] Grupos Escoteiros no Brasil Em 2017 contava com mais de 80000[2] membros A UEB eacute filiada agrave Organizaccedilatildeo Mundial do Movimento Escoteiro
Organizaccedilatildeo Os Escoteiros do Brasil estatildeo organizados em 3 niacuteveis
O Nacional com autoridade em todo o Territoacuterio brasileiro
O Regional denominado Regiatildeo Escoteira podendo abranger uma ou mais unidades da federaccedilatildeo ou parte delas com autoridade sobre a aacuterea que lhe for fixada - normalmente compreende os Estados da Federaccedilatildeo
O Local constituiacutedo pelos Grupos Escoteiros e Seccedilotildees Escoteiras Autocircnomas que satildeo as organizaccedilotildees locais para a praacutetica do Escotismo
Referecircncias
6
1 Comunicaccedilatildeo Escoteiros do Brasil - Comissatildeo Nacional de Imagem e laquoEscoteiros do Brasilraquo wwwescoteirosorgbr Consultado em 22 de setembro de 2017
2 Comunicaccedilatildeo Escoteiros do Brasil - Comissatildeo Nacional de Imagem e laquoEscoteiros do Brasilraquo wwwescoteirosorgbr Consultado em 22 de setembro de 2017
BADEN POWELL PREVIU O INTERESSE DOS ESCOTEIROS PELO RAacuteDIO
NOTICIAS DA ANATEL BRASIacuteLIA DF
NOTA DE IMPRENSA
Reuniatildeo entre Anatel e Aneel
A Agecircncia Nacional de Telecomunicaccedilotildees (Anatel) e a Agecircncia Nacional de Energia Eleacutetrica
(Aneel) realizaram reuniatildeo na sede da Anatel nesta sexta-ffeira (1512) para discutir as questotildees
envolvendo as agecircncias reguladoras especialmente no tocante ao tema da ocupaccedilatildeo de pontos de
fixaccedilatildeo em infraestruturas de postes
CEMI Brasil bloqueia 91 milhotildees de celulares por roubo furto ou perda
Publicado Sexta 08 de Dezembro de 2017 14h30 | Uacuteltima atualizaccedilatildeo em Segunda 11 de Dezembro de 2017 10h20 | Acessos 802
A Agecircncia Nacional de Telecomunicaccedilotildees (Anatel) informa que em novembro de 2017 o Cadastro
Nacional de Estaccedilotildees Moacuteveis Impedidas (Cemi) registrou 9123567 de celulares bloqueados no Brasil
aumento de 119421 ou 133 em relaccedilatildeo a outubro deste ano
O Cemi manteacutem o registro dos aparelhos perdidos furtados ou roubados que estatildeo bloqueados Nos
uacuteltimos 12 meses foram impedidos de funcionar 1586458 aparelhos um aumento de 2105 em
relaccedilatildeo a novembro de 2016
7
No total de 9123567 de celulares que estavam bloqueados em novembro deste ano estatildeo aparelhos
impedidos por solicitaccedilatildeo direta dos usuaacuterios agraves empresas ou pelo registro de Boletim de Ocorrecircncia
junto agraves poliacutecias dos governos dos estados e do Distrito Federal
No Brasil em novembro deste ano eram 8975969 celulares impedidos por solicitaccedilatildeo direta de
usuaacuterios aumento de 103441 ou 117 em relaccedilatildeo a outubro de 2017 Nos uacuteltimos 12 meses os
usuaacuterios das operadoras de telefonia moacutevel solicitaram o bloqueio de mais de 1447689 aparelhos
Oacutergatildeos de seguranccedila
As poliacutecias estaduais e do Distrito Federal bloquearam 147598 celulares no Cemi ateacute novembro deste
ano Nos uacuteltimos 12 meses foram bloqueados 138769 aparelhos trabalho realizado em conjunto das
empresas e a aacutereas de seguranccedila dos estados
O maior nuacutemero de celulares bloqueados pelos oacutergatildeos de seguranccedila foram nos estados de Satildeo Paulo
90277 aparelhos Rio de Janeiro com 23289 e o Espiacuterito Santo com 9999 terminais
Desde marccedilo de 2016 quando comeccedilou a funcionar o sistema 23 secretarias de seguranccedila dos estados
e a do Distrito Federal jaacute assinaram o convecircnio com a Anatel para inscriccedilatildeo no Cemi Somente cinco
estados ainda natildeo firmaram o termo de adesatildeo ao Cadastro
Exterior
O sistema de bloqueio de celulares do Cemi eacute integrado agrave GSM Association base internacional de
aparelhos impedidos Os celulares bloqueados por operadoras no exterior totalizaram 39732184 no mecircs
de novembro deste ano Um aumento de 692196 ou 177 se comparado ao mecircs anterior Nos uacuteltimos
12 meses foram bloqueados mais 4584138 celulares ou 1304 pela GSM
O Cemi eacute supervisionado pela Anatel operacionalizado pela ABRTelecom e implementado pelas
prestadoras da telefonia moacutevel
COMO ESTAacute A ECONOMIA BRASILEIRA Doacutelar americano Cotaccedilatildeo de fechamento do doacutelar no dia 15122017 Sexta-feira
Doacutelar-dos-EUA
Data Taxa de Compra Taxa de Venda
15122017 33176 33182
8
O Banco Central natildeo assume qualquer responsabilidade pela natildeo simultaneidade ou falta das informaccedilotildees
prestadas assim como por eventuais erros de paridades das moedas ou qualquer outro salvo a paridade relativa ao doacutelar dos Estados Unidos da Ameacuterica em relaccedilatildeo ao Real Igualmente natildeo se responsabiliza pelos atrasos ou
indisponibilidade de serviccedilos de telecomunicaccedilatildeo interrupccedilatildeo falha ou pelas imprecisotildees no fornecimento dos serviccedilos ou informaccedilotildees Natildeo assume tambeacutem responsabilidade por qualquer perda ou dano oriundo de tais
interrupccedilotildees atrasos falhas ou imperfeiccedilotildees bem como pelo uso inadequado das informaccedilotildees contidas na transaccedilatildeo
Economia Brasileira atual dados iacutendices exportaccedilotildees importaccedilotildees inflaccedilatildeo PIB
setores da economia comeacutercio exterior importaccedilotildees saldo comercial parceiros econocircmicos produtos energia setores da economia brasileira
Economia brasileira entre as dez maiores do mundo
Introduccedilatildeo
Embora esteja passando por um momento de crise provocada principalmente por problemas poliacuteticos o Brasil ainda
apresenta uma economia forte e soacutelida O paiacutes eacute um grande produtor e exportador de mercadorias de diversos tipos
principalmente commodities minerais agriacutecolas e manufaturados As aacutereas de agricultura induacutestria e serviccedilos satildeo bem
desenvolvidas e encontram-se atualmente em bom momento de expansatildeo Considerado um paiacutes emergente o Brasil
ocupa o 9ordm lugar no ranking das maiores economias do mundo (em volume de PIB de 2016) O Brasil possui uma
economia aberta e inserida no processo de globalizaccedilatildeo
Informaccedilotildees iacutendices e dados da economia brasileira
Moeda Real (siacutembolo R$)
PIB de 2016 (Produto Interno Bruto) R$ 6267 trilhotildees ou US$ 2015 trilhotildees taxa de cacircmbio usada US$ 100 =
R$ 311 (em 07032017)
Renda per Capita de 2016 (PIB per capita) R$ 30407 ou US$ 9777 taxa de cacircmbio usada US$ 100 = R$ 311
(em 07032017)
Coeficiente de Gini 0495 (2013) alto
Evoluccedilatildeo do PIB nos uacuteltimos anos 13 (2001) 31 (2002) 12 (2003) 57 (2004) 31 (2005) 4 (2006)
6 (2007) 5 (2008) - 02 (2009) 76 (2010) 39 (2011) 1 (2012) 25 (2013) 01 (2014) -38 (2015)
-36 (2016)
Desempenho do PIB no ano de 2016 (de janeiro a dezembro) -36
Desempenho do PIB no ano de 2016 (de janeiro a marccedilo - 1ordm trimestre) -03 (em relaccedilatildeo ao trimestre anterior)
Desempenho do PIB no ano de 2016 (de abril a junho - 2ordm trimestre) -06 (em relaccedilatildeo ao trimestre anterior)
Desempenho do PIB no ano de 2016 (de julho a setembro - 3ordm trimestre) -08 (em relaccedilatildeo ao trimestre anterior)
9
Desempenho do PIB no ano de 2016 (de outubro a dezembro - 4ordm trimestre) -09 (em relaccedilatildeo ao trimestre
anterior)
PIB 2017 (1ordm trimestre) +10 (dado divulgado pelo IBGE em 01062017)
PIB 2017 (2ordm trimestre) +02 (dado divulgado pelo IBGE em 01092017)
PIB 2017 (3ordm trimestre) +01 (dado divulgado pelo IBGE em 01122017)
PIB 2017 em valores correntes No 1ordm trimestre R$ 1595 trilhatildeo (US$ 4938 bilhotildees ndash cotaccedilatildeo de 01062017 com
doacutelar a R$ 323) No 2ordm trimestre R$ 1639 trilhatildeo (US$ 5236 bilhotildees ndash cotaccedilatildeo de 01092017 com doacutelar a R$ 313)
No 3ordm trimestre R$ 1641 trilhatildeo (US$ 5018 bilhotildees - cotaccedilatildeo de 011217 com doacutelar a R$ 327)
Taxa de investimentos 164 do PIB (em 2016) 155 do PIB (no 2ordm trimestre de 2017)
Taxa de poupanccedila 139 do PIB (em 2016) 158 do PIB (no 2ordm trimestre de 2017)
Forccedila de trabalho 1042 milhotildees de trabalhadores (de agosto a outubro de 2017) 915 milhotildees ocupadas e 127
milhotildees desocupadas
Inflaccedilatildeo 629 (IPCA de 2016) | 028 (IPCA de novembro de 2017) | no acumulado do ano de 2017 (de janeiro a
novembro) 250
Taxa de desemprego 115 (taxa meacutedia anual de 2016) 122 (entre agosto e outubro de 2017) com 127 milhotildees
de desempregados
Brasileiros empregados (populaccedilatildeo ocupada) 915 milhotildees de pessoas (entre agosto e outubro de 2017 - IBGE)
Rendimento meacutedio dos trabalhadores brasileiros R$ 2127 (de agosto a outubro de 2017 - IBGE)
Taxa baacutesica de Juros do Banco Central (SELIC) 700 ao ano (referecircncia desde 06 de dezembro de 2017)
Salaacuterio Miacutenimo Nacional R$ 93700 (a partir de 1ordm de janeiro de 2017)
Diacutevida Externa US$ 315267 bilhotildees (setor puacuteblico e setor privado) - dados relativos a agosto de 2017 Fonte Banco
Central
Diacutevida Federal Externa R$ 12707 bilhotildees ou US$ 3878 bilhotildees (em outubro de 2017) - aumento de 688 em
relaccedilatildeo ao mecircs anterior
Diacutevida Puacuteblica Mobiliaacuteria Federal Interna (DPMFi) R$ 3311 trilhotildees (em outubro de 2017) - queda de 002 em
relaccedilatildeo ao mecircs anterior
Diacutevida Puacuteblica (porcentagem do PIB) 662 (em 2015)
Diacutevida puacuteblica federal em valores (diacutevida interna + externa) R$ 3438 trilhotildees (em outubro de 2017) - aumento de
022 em relaccedilatildeo ao mecircs anterior
Transaccedilotildees correntes (transaccedilotildees do Brasil com o exterior) deacuteficit de US$ 23507 bilhotildees (em dezembro de 2016)
- 13 do PIB (queda de 60 em relaccedilatildeo a 2015) No total do ano o deacuteficit foi de US$ 22 bilhotildees (122 do PIB)
Resultado primaacuterio do setor puacuteblico (uniatildeo estados e municiacutepios e suas estatais) deacuteficit de R$ 155791 bilhotildees
(em 2016) - 247 do PIB
Contas do Governo Federal (Tesouro Nacional Banco Central e Previdecircncia Social) deacuteficit de R$ 1623 bilhotildees
(em 2016) - representa 24 do PIB superaacutevit primaacuterio de R$ 5191 bilhotildees (em outubro de 2017) no acumulado de
2017 (de janeiro a outubro) deacuteficit de R$ 103243 bilhotildees
Reservas internacionais US$ 3705 bilhotildees (em outubro de 2017)
10
Produccedilatildeo industrial -66 (em 2016) em relaccedilatildeo ao ano anterior Em outubro de 2017 a atividade da induacutestria
brasileira cresceu 53 (em comparaccedilatildeo com o mesmo mecircs do ano anterior)
Arrecadaccedilatildeo federal (impostos e tributos recolhidos) R$ 1289 trilhatildeo (apoacutes abatimento da inflaccedilatildeo IPCA) no ano
de 2016 - queda de 297 em relaccedilatildeo ao ano anterior
Poupanccedila nacional bruta R$ 869 bilhotildees (ano de 2016)
Investimentos diretos no paiacutes (IDP) US$ 789 bilhotildees (em 2016) - 436 do PIB
Contas do Setor Puacuteblico (consolidado) superaacutevit primaacuterio de R$ 475 bilhotildees em outubro de 2017 Entre janeiro e
outubro de 2017 o deacuteficit eacute de R$ 7735 bilhotildees envolve governo federal estados municipios e empresas estatais
CANTINHO TEacuteCNICO
TECHNICAL CORNER
PSK31 From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
A waterfall display depicting several PSK31 transmissions at around 14070 kHz The green lines indicate a station that
is transmitting
PSK31 or Phase Shift Keying 31 Baud also BPSK31 and QPSK31 is a popular computer-sound card-generated radioteletype mode used primarily by amateur radio operators to conduct real-time keyboard-to-keyboard chat most often using frequencies in the high frequencyamateur radio bands (near-shortwave) PSK31 is distinguished from other digital modes in that it is specifically tuned to have a data rate close to typing speed and has an extremely narrow bandwidth allowing many conversations in the same bandwidth as a single voice channel This narrow bandwidth also concentrates the RF energy[citation needed] in a very narrow bandwidth allowing relatively low-power equipment (25 watts) to communicate globally using the same skywave propagation used by shortwave radio stations
Contents
[hide]
1History
2Use and implementation
11
3Resistance to interference
4Technical information
5BPSK31 and QPSK31 variants
6Spectrum efficiency compared to other modes
7Common frequencies
8References
9Further reading
10External links
History[edit]
PSK31 was developed and named by English amateur radio operator Peter Martinez (call sign G3PLX) and introduced to the wider amateur radio community in December 1998[1][2]
The 31 baud BPSK modulation system used in PSK31 was introduced by Pawel Jalocha (SP9VRC) in his SLOWBPSK program written for Motorolas EVM radio Instead of the traditional frequency-shift keying the information is transmitted by patterns of polarity-reversals (sometimes called 180-degree phase shifts) PSK31 was enthusiastically received and its usage grew like wildfire worldwide lending a new popularity and tone to the on-air conduct of digital communications[citation needed] Due to the efficiency of the mode it became and still remains especially popular with operators whose circumstances do not permit the erection of large antenna systems the use of high power or both
Use and implementation[edit]
A sample PSK31
transmission
MENU
000
The text Welcome to
Wikipedia the free
encyclopedia that anyone
can edit sent as PSK31
(QPSK)
Problems playing this file See media help
A PSK31 operator typically uses a single-sideband (SSB) transceiver connected to the sound card of a computer running PSK31 software When the operator enters a message for transmission the software produces an audio tone that sounds to the human ear like a continuous whistle with a slight warble This sound is then fed through either a microphone jack (using an intermediate resistive attenuator to reduce the sound cards output power to microphone levels) or an auxiliary connection into the transceiver from which it is transmitted [3]
From the perspective of the transmitter the sound amounts to little more than somebody whistling into the microphone However the software rapidly shifts the phase of the audio signal between two states (hence the name phase-shift keying) forming the character codes These phase shifts serve the same function as the two tones used in traditional RTTY and similar systems
To decode PSK31 the audio whistle received from the transceivers headphone output is fed into a computer sound cards audio input and software decodes it The software displays the decoded text[3]
Because PSK31 was developed for use through a computers sound card many programs have since been created to use the same technology for other modes such as RTTY Hellschreiber and Olivia MFSK So once it has been set up to run PSK31 a computer can be used to explore a variety of digital message transmission modes
12
Aside from a standard radio transceiver and a computer with a sound card very little equipment is required to use PSK31 Normally an older computer and a few cables will suffice and many PSK31 software applications are free Many operators now use a commercially available interfacemodem device (or nomic) between their computers and radios These devices incorporate the necessary impedance matching and sound level adjustment to permit the sound card output to be injected into the microphone input send the radios audio output to the sound card input and handle the radios transmit-receive switching Soundcard to radio interfaces typically use isolation transformers on both the send and receive audio paths to eliminate hum caused by ground-loops Recently introduced interfaces also incorporate their own sound card and can be powered and run from the computer via a single USB connection
Resistance to interference[edit]
Like other narrow band digital modes PSK31 can often overcome interference and poor propagation conditions in situations where voice or other methods of communication fail However PSK31 was designed only for leisure use by amateurs and due to its relatively slow speed and limited error control is not suitable for transmitting large blocks of data or text or critical data requiring high immunity from errors
PSK31 works well over propagation paths that preserve phase and resists fading (QSB) well However it can be adversely affected by propagation modesmdashsuch as transpolar pathsmdashwhere auroral flutter or multipathing can disrupt the signal phase continuity In such cases the use of QPSK (see below) is often beneficial
Some software supports PSK10 and PSK05 variants running at 10 baud and 5 baud respectively These slower speeds sacrifice throughput to provide greater resistance to noise and other interference Conversely PSK63 is increasingly used for faster exchanges especially during amateur radio contest operating
Technical information[edit]
Example of PSK31 modulation
PSK31 is typically created by software that generates an amplitude- and phase-modulated waveform that is converted to an audio frequency analog signal by a sound card In the most-commonly-used variant BPSK31 binary information is transmitted by either imparting a 180-degree phase shift (a binary zero) or no phase shift (a binary one) in each 32ms symbol interval The 180-degree phase shift for a zero bit code occurs at a null amplitude[4]
As shown in the figure a cosine filter is used to smooth the rise and fall times of the audio waveform and eliminate key clicks All subsequent amplification of the signal must be linear to preserve the modulation waveform and ensure minimum occupied bandwidth In practice this means limiting the transmit audio volume to below the level where the transmitter generates Automatic Level Control (ALC) feedback and disabling any audio compression or speech processing
The Varicode is a kind of Fibonacci code where the boundaries between character codes are marked by two or more consecutive zeros Like all Fibonacci codes since no character code contains more than one consecutive zero the software can easily identify the spaces between characters regardless of the length of the character The idle sequence sent when an operator is not typing is a continuous sequence of phase-shifts which do not print on the screen[2] Martinez arranged the character alphabet so that as in Morse code the more frequently occurring characters have the shortest encodings while rarer characters use longer encodings He named this encoding scheme varicode
PSK31s symbol rate of 3125 Hz was chosen because a normal typing speed of about 50 words per minute requires a bit rate of about 32 bits per second and specifically because 3125 Hz could easily be derived from the 8 kHz sample rate used in many DSP systems including those used in the computer sound cards
13
commonly used for PSK31 operation (3125 Hz is 8 kHz divided by 256 and so can be derived from 8 kHz by halving the frequency eight times in succession)
BPSK31 and QPSK31 variants[edit]
Colloquial usage of the term PSK31 in amateur radio usually implies the use of the most commonly used variant of PSK31 binary phase shift keying (BPSK) BPSK uses no error control but an allied mode QPSK31 quadrature phase shift keying uses four phases instead of two to provide a degree of forward error correction It is simple to switch from BPSK to QPSK if difficulties arise during a contact When QPSK is used after encoding into varicode the binary signal is further transformed into a quaternary set of phase shifts A sliding window of five bits is used to select one of the four possible phase shifts providing a means of error correction by spreading each bit of data across adjacent bits Successful decoding of an input bit requires a large number of phase shift sequences to be received causing a 20-bit 640-millisecond latency (delay) in the output of the decoder[5]
Spectrum efficiency compared to other modes[edit]
PSK31s efficiency and narrow bandwidth make it highly suitable for low-power and crowded-band operation PSK31 contacts can be conducted at less than 100 Hz separation so with disciplined operation at least twenty simultaneous PSK31 contacts can be carried out side-by-side in the 25 kHz bandwidth required for just one SSB voice contact
Common frequencies[edit]
The following amateur radio frequencies are commonly used for transmitting and receiving PSK31 signals They normally occupy the lower edge of each bands digital modes section PSK31 operators generally use upper sideband (USB) even on frequencies below 10 MHz where the convention normally calls for lower sideband This is because (a) signals then spread upwards into the digimode section from the base frequency and (b) using QPSK requires both stations to use the same sideband
PSK31 Frequencies[6]
Frequency Amateur Band
1838 MHz 160 meter
3580 MHz 80 meter
7035 MHz 40 meter (region 3)
7070 MHz 40 meter (regions 12)
10142 MHz 30 meter
14070 MHz 20 meter
14
18100 MHz 17 meter
21080 MHz 15 meter
24920 MHz 12 meter
28120 MHz 10 meter
50290 MHz 6 meter
144144 MHz 2 meter
22207 MHz 125 meter
4322 MHz 70 centimeter
909 MHz 33 centimeter
Current usage as of 2010 based on observation is centered on 707015 and 2107015 703515 is commonly used in Region 2 as of 2012 There is no authoritative list as the frequencies are determined by common convention
The IARU Region 1 Bandplan was revised in March 2009 to reflect the expanded 40 meter band The CW-only section within Europe Africa the Middle East and the former USSR is now 7000 to 7040 Region 2 - The Americas - followed in September 2013 Region 3 - South Asia and Australasia - has not yet synchronised its bandplan with Regions 1 and 2
References[edit]
1 Jump up^ The ARRL Handbook for Radio Communications 84th Ed (2007)9-13
2 ^ Jump up toa b Steven L Karty N5SK PSK31 Spec ARRL Website Retrieved 18 Dec 2010
3 ^ Jump up toa b Jacob Gillespie KD5TEN PSK31 guide Retrieved 2016-06-12
4 Jump up^ McDermott Tom (1998) Wireless Digital Communications Design and Theory Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Corporation p 50 ISBN 0-9644707-2-1
5 Jump up^ Peter Martinez G3PLX PSK31 theory Retrieved 2011-08-08
6 Jump up^ httpaintelbiehuespsk31html
Further reading[edit]
Martinez Peter PSK31 A new radio-teletype mode with a traditional philosophy (PDF) (November 1998)
Steve Ford WB8IMY (2001) Chapter 4 - PSK31 ARRLs HF digital handbook Newington CT The American Radio Relay League ISBN 0-87259-823-3
Meltz Steve The New HF Digital Modes - PSK31 QST April 1999 pp 50-51
15
Martinez Peter [1] PSK31 A New Radio-Teletype Mode RadCom December 1998 updated February 1999
External links[edit]
The Official PSK31 Page
PSK31 Setup and Operation | a PSK31 guide
PSK31 email discussion list with contests app reviews and more
European PSK Club
An online PSK31 receiver tuned to the active Ham band
Another PSK31 receiver in Ukraine
[hide]
v
t
e
Amateur radio digital modes
Frequency-shift keying (FSK)
RTTY
AMTOR SITOR
PACTOR
CLOVER2000
Packet radio (Bell 103
Bell 202)
Multiple frequency-shift keying (MFSK)
Olivia MFSK
Contestia
JT65
FSK441
JT6M
WSPR
Phase-shift keying (PSK)
PSK31
PSK63
Q15X25
COFDM MT63 (based on PSK)
Non-traditional digital modes
Hellschreiber (Feld-Hell)
On-off keying
Continuous wave
Modulated continuous wave
Pulse modulation
Frequency-hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
16
Categories
Quantized radio modulation modes
Packet radio
NOTAS SOCIAIS
ANIVERSARIANTES
Periacuteodo de 17 a 23 de dezembro de 2017
17 VILZIMAR FERREIRA GOMES CRISTALOIDE DE EDWARD SCHILLER-PT2PYC
17 MARCOS ANTONIO DE LIMA BRITO CRISTALOIDE DE ANTONIO DE BRITO-PT2OK
18 EULER DA VEIGA DIAS PT2PF
20 JORGE FLAVIO TEIXEIRA FERNANDES PT2IW REMIDO
21 FABIO DANIEL ROCHA DO NASCIMENTO PT2PRF
21 MARIA PAULA FERREIRA ARECO CRISTALOIDE DE JAFFER ARECO-PT2AZ
21 MARISA C SILVA OLIVEIRA CRISTALOIDE DE ANTONIO ISIDORIO DE OLIVEIRA-PT2AI
21 PEDRO PAULO VASCONCELOS CRISTALOIDE DE EDNEWTON DE VASCONCELOS-PT2EW
22 IRON ANTOcircNIO DOS SANTOS PT2IAS
22 PAULO WILSON DIAS DA SILVA CRISTALOIDE DE PAULO JOSEacuteDA SILVA-PT2APJ
23 RAUL DE ARAUacuteJO CARNEIRO PT2RAC
23 ANTOcircNIO BERTHOLDO GALVAtildeO PT2AG REMIDO
23 CELSO LUIZ KOGLER PP2CK
23 YARA GABRIELLE G DA CONCEICcedilAtildeO CRISTALOIDE DE LEONARDO GONCcedilALVES-PU2ABT
23 CRISTIANE JOFFILY PU2ARE CRISTALOIDE DE ICILIO JOFFILY-PT2IP
23 ANTONIO BERTHOLDO GALVAtildeO PT2AG
17
OBS SOLICITAMOS QUE TODOS OS COLEGAS LABREANOS COMPARECcedilAM Agrave SEDE DA
LABRE-DF PARA REALIZAREM RECADASTRAMENTO DE SEUS DADOS PARA MELHOR
CONTROLE INCLUSIVE COM ATUALIZACcedilAtildeO DE DEPENDENTES
DATAS COMEMORATIVAS
Periacuteodo de 17 a 23 de dezembro de 2017
Dia de Satildeo Laacutezaro
18SEG
Dia do Museoacutelogo
18SEG
Dia de Satildeo Zoacutezimo
20QUA
Dia do Mecacircnico
21QUI
Dia do Atleta
23SAacuteB
Dia do Vizinho
NOTIacuteCIAS DE DX
ARRL DX Bulletin ARLD050 (2017) - ARLD050 news
SB DX ARL $ARLD050
ARLD050 DX news
ZCZC AE50
QST de W1AW
DX Bulletin 50 ARLD050
From ARRL Headquarters
Newington CT December 14 2017
To all radio amateurs
SB DX ARL ARLD050
ARLD050 DX news
This weeks bulletin was made possible with information provided by
the OPDX Bulletin 425 DX News DXNL Contest Corral from QST and
the ARRL Contest Calendar and WA7BNM web sites Thanks to all
VIET NAM 3W Dirk DF2XG is QRV as 3W9XG from Hai Phong while here
on work assignment Activity is in his spare time on 40 to 10
meters using CW His length of stay is unknown QSL via operators
instructions
GEORGIA 4L Vlad UA4WHX will soon be QRV as 4LUA4WHX Activity
will be on 40 to 17 meters using CW SSB and RTTY His length of
stay is unknown QSL to home call
18
CYPRUS 5B Alex 5B4ALX is QRV as special event station 5B4XMAS
until December 31 Activity is on 160 to 10 meters using CW SSB
and various digital modes QSL via IZ4AMS
SENEGAL 6V Members of the Amateur Radio Association of Senegal
are QRV as 6V1A from Goree Island IOTA AF-045 until December 17
Activity is on the HF bands using CW and SSB QSL via 6W7JX
BARBADOS 8P Ernest J69Z is QRV as 8P9JB until January 2 2018
Activity is on 80 to 10 meters QSL direct to home call
PALESTINE E4 Elvira IV3FSG is QRV as E44YL from Bethlehem until
December 18 Activity is on the various HF bands using SSB and
possibly digital modes QSL via IK3GES
SOUTH COOK ISLANDS E5 Mauri AG1LE is QRV as E51DXX from
Rarotonga IOTA OC-013 until December 29 Activity is holiday
style on the HF bands using SSB PSK31 and FT8 QSL to home call
CANARY ISLANDS EA8 Rieder HB9FIH is QRV as EA8HB9FIH from El
Hierro Island IOTA AF-004 until the end of March 2018 Activity
is on 80 to 10 meters and possibly 6 meters using CW RTTY PSK
and some SSB QSL to home call
SOLOMON ISLANDS H4 Shane VK4KHZ is QRV as H44DA from Busone
Malaita Province until early January 2018 Activity is on 80 to 10
meters and satellite SO-50 but with a primary emphasis on 6
meters QSL direct to home call
REPUBLIC OF KOREA HL Special event call DT23WOP is QRV until
February 28 2018 during the Winter Olympic Games that will be held
here QSL via HL1IWD
DJIBOUTI J2 Dane S53T is QRV as J28ND until December 17
Activity is in his spare time on the HF bands using CW SSB and
RTTY QSL via S57DX
SVALBARD JW Morten LA4JSA is QRV as JW4JSA from Bear Island
IOTA EU-027 until June 1 2018 while on work assignment Activity
is in his spare time on the various HF bands QSL to home call
BELGIUM ON Members of the Club Radio Durnal will be QRV as
OT100BCA on December 17 from the Royal Castle of Laeken QSL via
ON4RCD
POLAND SP Special event station SN20WHL is QRV until December 20
to draw attention to the city of Torun that was put on the UNESCO
World Heritage List 20 years ago QSL via SP2TMT
CORSICA TK Georg NZ1C will be QRV as TKNZ1C from December 16 to
24 Activity will be holiday style on 40 to 10 meters using mainly
CW with some SSB RTTY PSK and FT8 QSL via DD5ZZ
19
UKRAINE UR Members of the amateur radio club Band are QRV as
EM25IWW until the end of the year to celebrate the clubs 25th
anniversary QSL via UR7IWW
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club are QRV as AT6MIT until January 7 2018 to celebrate the
institutions 60th anniversary QSL via VU3BUN
ROMANIA YO Special event station YP2018HNY will be QRV from
December 15 to January 15 2018 to celebrate Christmas and the New
Year 2018 Activity will be on the HF bands QSL via YO3KPA
THIS WEEKEND ON THE RADIO The ARRL CW Rookie Roundup NCCC RTTY
Sprint 80-Meter QRP CW Fox Hunt NCCC CW Sprint UN DIGI Contest
AGB-Party Contest Russian 160-Meter Contest Feld Hell Sprint OK
DX RTTY Contest Padang DX Contest and the Croatian CW Contest are
all on tap for this upcoming weekend
The Run for the Bacon QRP CW Contest is scheduled for December 18
The CWops Mini-CWT CW Test Phone Fray and 40-Meter QRP CW Fox Hunt
are scheduled for December 20
Please see December QST page 73 and the ARRL and WA7BNM Contest
Web Sites for detailsNNNN EX
SK ndash SILENT KEY ndash PASSAMENTOS
Nihil
________________________________________________
ENCERRAMENTO
AGRADECEMOS AOS COLEGAS QUE ESTIVERAM ACOMPANHANDO NA NOSSA
TRANSMISSAtildeO Agrave DISTINTA ESCUTA DA ANATEL SE POR VENTURA NOS ESTEJA
MONITORANDO E A TODOS AQUELES QUE DE UMA MANEIRA OU DE OUTRA
TOMARAM CONHECIMENTO DESTE QTC LABRE-DF Nordm 502017 COMUNICADOS DE
FALHAS CRIacuteTICAS E APOIO DEVEM SER DIRIGIDOS AO DIRETOR DE
RADIOAMADORISMO RENDY-PT2IQ QUE AS ANALISARAacute E RESPONDERAacute SE
NECESSAacuteRIO ESTE QTC LABRE-DF OBSERVA SEMPRE O DIREITO DE CRIacuteTICA E
RESPOSTA NO MESMO ESPACcedilO UTILIZADO PARA A NOTA CONTESTADA SEMPRE
LEMBRANDO QUE O DIREITO TEM DUAS MAtildeOS DE DIRECcedilAtildeO
Brasiacutelia 16 DE DEZEMBRO DE 2017
PT2GTI ROBERTO FRANCA STUCKERT
DIRETOR-PRESIDENTE LABRE-DF
PT2IQ MIGUEL RENDY
DIRETOR DE RADIOAMADORISMO LABRE-DF
4
Amigo Radioamador a LABREDF precisa de sua
colaboraccedilatildeo para continuar mantendo no ar nossas
repetidoras links realizando cursos promovendo
encontros etc A nossa anuidade este ano eacute no valor de R$
36000 (trezentos e sessenta reais) que poderaacute ser pago a
vista ou parcelado por semestre (R$ 18000) trimestre (R$
9000) ou mensal (R$ 3000)
Para efetuar pagamentos das mensalidades sugerimos fazecirc-los aos
saacutebados na sede da LABRE-DF a partir das 0900h ou depoacutesito na CEF avisando deste
procedimento ao nosso Diretor Presidente STUCKERT-PT2GTI pelo celular (61)
99674-7535 ou para a Secretaria da LABRE-DF para o devido controle
DIRETORIA DE RADIOESCOTISMO ndash LABRE-DF Diretor RENDY-PT2IQ
O QUE Eacute O RADIOESCOTISMO
RADIOESCOTISMO (adaptado da expressatildeo em inglecircs Radio Scouting)
RADIOESCOTISMO Atividades Escoteiras que incluem radiocomunicaccedilatildeo
5
Uniatildeo dos Escoteiros do Brasil Origem Wikipeacutedia a enciclopeacutedia livre
Organizaccedilatildeo Escotista
Dados da Organizaccedilatildeo
Nome Escoteiros do Brasil
Paiacutes Brasil
Sede Curitiba
Localizaccedilatildeo Por todo o territoacuterio brasileiro
Data de Fundaccedilatildeo 4 de novembro de 1924
Fundador Benjamin Sodreacute
Membros 100000 associados
A Uniatildeo dos Escoteiros do Brasil ou apenas Escoteiros do Brasil fundada em 4 de novembro de 1924 eacute uma sociedade civil de acircmbito nacional de direito privado e sem fins lucrativos de caraacuteter educacional cultural beneficente e filantroacutepico reconhecida de utilidade puacuteblica que congrega mais de 1265[1] Grupos Escoteiros no Brasil Em 2017 contava com mais de 80000[2] membros A UEB eacute filiada agrave Organizaccedilatildeo Mundial do Movimento Escoteiro
Organizaccedilatildeo Os Escoteiros do Brasil estatildeo organizados em 3 niacuteveis
O Nacional com autoridade em todo o Territoacuterio brasileiro
O Regional denominado Regiatildeo Escoteira podendo abranger uma ou mais unidades da federaccedilatildeo ou parte delas com autoridade sobre a aacuterea que lhe for fixada - normalmente compreende os Estados da Federaccedilatildeo
O Local constituiacutedo pelos Grupos Escoteiros e Seccedilotildees Escoteiras Autocircnomas que satildeo as organizaccedilotildees locais para a praacutetica do Escotismo
Referecircncias
6
1 Comunicaccedilatildeo Escoteiros do Brasil - Comissatildeo Nacional de Imagem e laquoEscoteiros do Brasilraquo wwwescoteirosorgbr Consultado em 22 de setembro de 2017
2 Comunicaccedilatildeo Escoteiros do Brasil - Comissatildeo Nacional de Imagem e laquoEscoteiros do Brasilraquo wwwescoteirosorgbr Consultado em 22 de setembro de 2017
BADEN POWELL PREVIU O INTERESSE DOS ESCOTEIROS PELO RAacuteDIO
NOTICIAS DA ANATEL BRASIacuteLIA DF
NOTA DE IMPRENSA
Reuniatildeo entre Anatel e Aneel
A Agecircncia Nacional de Telecomunicaccedilotildees (Anatel) e a Agecircncia Nacional de Energia Eleacutetrica
(Aneel) realizaram reuniatildeo na sede da Anatel nesta sexta-ffeira (1512) para discutir as questotildees
envolvendo as agecircncias reguladoras especialmente no tocante ao tema da ocupaccedilatildeo de pontos de
fixaccedilatildeo em infraestruturas de postes
CEMI Brasil bloqueia 91 milhotildees de celulares por roubo furto ou perda
Publicado Sexta 08 de Dezembro de 2017 14h30 | Uacuteltima atualizaccedilatildeo em Segunda 11 de Dezembro de 2017 10h20 | Acessos 802
A Agecircncia Nacional de Telecomunicaccedilotildees (Anatel) informa que em novembro de 2017 o Cadastro
Nacional de Estaccedilotildees Moacuteveis Impedidas (Cemi) registrou 9123567 de celulares bloqueados no Brasil
aumento de 119421 ou 133 em relaccedilatildeo a outubro deste ano
O Cemi manteacutem o registro dos aparelhos perdidos furtados ou roubados que estatildeo bloqueados Nos
uacuteltimos 12 meses foram impedidos de funcionar 1586458 aparelhos um aumento de 2105 em
relaccedilatildeo a novembro de 2016
7
No total de 9123567 de celulares que estavam bloqueados em novembro deste ano estatildeo aparelhos
impedidos por solicitaccedilatildeo direta dos usuaacuterios agraves empresas ou pelo registro de Boletim de Ocorrecircncia
junto agraves poliacutecias dos governos dos estados e do Distrito Federal
No Brasil em novembro deste ano eram 8975969 celulares impedidos por solicitaccedilatildeo direta de
usuaacuterios aumento de 103441 ou 117 em relaccedilatildeo a outubro de 2017 Nos uacuteltimos 12 meses os
usuaacuterios das operadoras de telefonia moacutevel solicitaram o bloqueio de mais de 1447689 aparelhos
Oacutergatildeos de seguranccedila
As poliacutecias estaduais e do Distrito Federal bloquearam 147598 celulares no Cemi ateacute novembro deste
ano Nos uacuteltimos 12 meses foram bloqueados 138769 aparelhos trabalho realizado em conjunto das
empresas e a aacutereas de seguranccedila dos estados
O maior nuacutemero de celulares bloqueados pelos oacutergatildeos de seguranccedila foram nos estados de Satildeo Paulo
90277 aparelhos Rio de Janeiro com 23289 e o Espiacuterito Santo com 9999 terminais
Desde marccedilo de 2016 quando comeccedilou a funcionar o sistema 23 secretarias de seguranccedila dos estados
e a do Distrito Federal jaacute assinaram o convecircnio com a Anatel para inscriccedilatildeo no Cemi Somente cinco
estados ainda natildeo firmaram o termo de adesatildeo ao Cadastro
Exterior
O sistema de bloqueio de celulares do Cemi eacute integrado agrave GSM Association base internacional de
aparelhos impedidos Os celulares bloqueados por operadoras no exterior totalizaram 39732184 no mecircs
de novembro deste ano Um aumento de 692196 ou 177 se comparado ao mecircs anterior Nos uacuteltimos
12 meses foram bloqueados mais 4584138 celulares ou 1304 pela GSM
O Cemi eacute supervisionado pela Anatel operacionalizado pela ABRTelecom e implementado pelas
prestadoras da telefonia moacutevel
COMO ESTAacute A ECONOMIA BRASILEIRA Doacutelar americano Cotaccedilatildeo de fechamento do doacutelar no dia 15122017 Sexta-feira
Doacutelar-dos-EUA
Data Taxa de Compra Taxa de Venda
15122017 33176 33182
8
O Banco Central natildeo assume qualquer responsabilidade pela natildeo simultaneidade ou falta das informaccedilotildees
prestadas assim como por eventuais erros de paridades das moedas ou qualquer outro salvo a paridade relativa ao doacutelar dos Estados Unidos da Ameacuterica em relaccedilatildeo ao Real Igualmente natildeo se responsabiliza pelos atrasos ou
indisponibilidade de serviccedilos de telecomunicaccedilatildeo interrupccedilatildeo falha ou pelas imprecisotildees no fornecimento dos serviccedilos ou informaccedilotildees Natildeo assume tambeacutem responsabilidade por qualquer perda ou dano oriundo de tais
interrupccedilotildees atrasos falhas ou imperfeiccedilotildees bem como pelo uso inadequado das informaccedilotildees contidas na transaccedilatildeo
Economia Brasileira atual dados iacutendices exportaccedilotildees importaccedilotildees inflaccedilatildeo PIB
setores da economia comeacutercio exterior importaccedilotildees saldo comercial parceiros econocircmicos produtos energia setores da economia brasileira
Economia brasileira entre as dez maiores do mundo
Introduccedilatildeo
Embora esteja passando por um momento de crise provocada principalmente por problemas poliacuteticos o Brasil ainda
apresenta uma economia forte e soacutelida O paiacutes eacute um grande produtor e exportador de mercadorias de diversos tipos
principalmente commodities minerais agriacutecolas e manufaturados As aacutereas de agricultura induacutestria e serviccedilos satildeo bem
desenvolvidas e encontram-se atualmente em bom momento de expansatildeo Considerado um paiacutes emergente o Brasil
ocupa o 9ordm lugar no ranking das maiores economias do mundo (em volume de PIB de 2016) O Brasil possui uma
economia aberta e inserida no processo de globalizaccedilatildeo
Informaccedilotildees iacutendices e dados da economia brasileira
Moeda Real (siacutembolo R$)
PIB de 2016 (Produto Interno Bruto) R$ 6267 trilhotildees ou US$ 2015 trilhotildees taxa de cacircmbio usada US$ 100 =
R$ 311 (em 07032017)
Renda per Capita de 2016 (PIB per capita) R$ 30407 ou US$ 9777 taxa de cacircmbio usada US$ 100 = R$ 311
(em 07032017)
Coeficiente de Gini 0495 (2013) alto
Evoluccedilatildeo do PIB nos uacuteltimos anos 13 (2001) 31 (2002) 12 (2003) 57 (2004) 31 (2005) 4 (2006)
6 (2007) 5 (2008) - 02 (2009) 76 (2010) 39 (2011) 1 (2012) 25 (2013) 01 (2014) -38 (2015)
-36 (2016)
Desempenho do PIB no ano de 2016 (de janeiro a dezembro) -36
Desempenho do PIB no ano de 2016 (de janeiro a marccedilo - 1ordm trimestre) -03 (em relaccedilatildeo ao trimestre anterior)
Desempenho do PIB no ano de 2016 (de abril a junho - 2ordm trimestre) -06 (em relaccedilatildeo ao trimestre anterior)
Desempenho do PIB no ano de 2016 (de julho a setembro - 3ordm trimestre) -08 (em relaccedilatildeo ao trimestre anterior)
9
Desempenho do PIB no ano de 2016 (de outubro a dezembro - 4ordm trimestre) -09 (em relaccedilatildeo ao trimestre
anterior)
PIB 2017 (1ordm trimestre) +10 (dado divulgado pelo IBGE em 01062017)
PIB 2017 (2ordm trimestre) +02 (dado divulgado pelo IBGE em 01092017)
PIB 2017 (3ordm trimestre) +01 (dado divulgado pelo IBGE em 01122017)
PIB 2017 em valores correntes No 1ordm trimestre R$ 1595 trilhatildeo (US$ 4938 bilhotildees ndash cotaccedilatildeo de 01062017 com
doacutelar a R$ 323) No 2ordm trimestre R$ 1639 trilhatildeo (US$ 5236 bilhotildees ndash cotaccedilatildeo de 01092017 com doacutelar a R$ 313)
No 3ordm trimestre R$ 1641 trilhatildeo (US$ 5018 bilhotildees - cotaccedilatildeo de 011217 com doacutelar a R$ 327)
Taxa de investimentos 164 do PIB (em 2016) 155 do PIB (no 2ordm trimestre de 2017)
Taxa de poupanccedila 139 do PIB (em 2016) 158 do PIB (no 2ordm trimestre de 2017)
Forccedila de trabalho 1042 milhotildees de trabalhadores (de agosto a outubro de 2017) 915 milhotildees ocupadas e 127
milhotildees desocupadas
Inflaccedilatildeo 629 (IPCA de 2016) | 028 (IPCA de novembro de 2017) | no acumulado do ano de 2017 (de janeiro a
novembro) 250
Taxa de desemprego 115 (taxa meacutedia anual de 2016) 122 (entre agosto e outubro de 2017) com 127 milhotildees
de desempregados
Brasileiros empregados (populaccedilatildeo ocupada) 915 milhotildees de pessoas (entre agosto e outubro de 2017 - IBGE)
Rendimento meacutedio dos trabalhadores brasileiros R$ 2127 (de agosto a outubro de 2017 - IBGE)
Taxa baacutesica de Juros do Banco Central (SELIC) 700 ao ano (referecircncia desde 06 de dezembro de 2017)
Salaacuterio Miacutenimo Nacional R$ 93700 (a partir de 1ordm de janeiro de 2017)
Diacutevida Externa US$ 315267 bilhotildees (setor puacuteblico e setor privado) - dados relativos a agosto de 2017 Fonte Banco
Central
Diacutevida Federal Externa R$ 12707 bilhotildees ou US$ 3878 bilhotildees (em outubro de 2017) - aumento de 688 em
relaccedilatildeo ao mecircs anterior
Diacutevida Puacuteblica Mobiliaacuteria Federal Interna (DPMFi) R$ 3311 trilhotildees (em outubro de 2017) - queda de 002 em
relaccedilatildeo ao mecircs anterior
Diacutevida Puacuteblica (porcentagem do PIB) 662 (em 2015)
Diacutevida puacuteblica federal em valores (diacutevida interna + externa) R$ 3438 trilhotildees (em outubro de 2017) - aumento de
022 em relaccedilatildeo ao mecircs anterior
Transaccedilotildees correntes (transaccedilotildees do Brasil com o exterior) deacuteficit de US$ 23507 bilhotildees (em dezembro de 2016)
- 13 do PIB (queda de 60 em relaccedilatildeo a 2015) No total do ano o deacuteficit foi de US$ 22 bilhotildees (122 do PIB)
Resultado primaacuterio do setor puacuteblico (uniatildeo estados e municiacutepios e suas estatais) deacuteficit de R$ 155791 bilhotildees
(em 2016) - 247 do PIB
Contas do Governo Federal (Tesouro Nacional Banco Central e Previdecircncia Social) deacuteficit de R$ 1623 bilhotildees
(em 2016) - representa 24 do PIB superaacutevit primaacuterio de R$ 5191 bilhotildees (em outubro de 2017) no acumulado de
2017 (de janeiro a outubro) deacuteficit de R$ 103243 bilhotildees
Reservas internacionais US$ 3705 bilhotildees (em outubro de 2017)
10
Produccedilatildeo industrial -66 (em 2016) em relaccedilatildeo ao ano anterior Em outubro de 2017 a atividade da induacutestria
brasileira cresceu 53 (em comparaccedilatildeo com o mesmo mecircs do ano anterior)
Arrecadaccedilatildeo federal (impostos e tributos recolhidos) R$ 1289 trilhatildeo (apoacutes abatimento da inflaccedilatildeo IPCA) no ano
de 2016 - queda de 297 em relaccedilatildeo ao ano anterior
Poupanccedila nacional bruta R$ 869 bilhotildees (ano de 2016)
Investimentos diretos no paiacutes (IDP) US$ 789 bilhotildees (em 2016) - 436 do PIB
Contas do Setor Puacuteblico (consolidado) superaacutevit primaacuterio de R$ 475 bilhotildees em outubro de 2017 Entre janeiro e
outubro de 2017 o deacuteficit eacute de R$ 7735 bilhotildees envolve governo federal estados municipios e empresas estatais
CANTINHO TEacuteCNICO
TECHNICAL CORNER
PSK31 From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
A waterfall display depicting several PSK31 transmissions at around 14070 kHz The green lines indicate a station that
is transmitting
PSK31 or Phase Shift Keying 31 Baud also BPSK31 and QPSK31 is a popular computer-sound card-generated radioteletype mode used primarily by amateur radio operators to conduct real-time keyboard-to-keyboard chat most often using frequencies in the high frequencyamateur radio bands (near-shortwave) PSK31 is distinguished from other digital modes in that it is specifically tuned to have a data rate close to typing speed and has an extremely narrow bandwidth allowing many conversations in the same bandwidth as a single voice channel This narrow bandwidth also concentrates the RF energy[citation needed] in a very narrow bandwidth allowing relatively low-power equipment (25 watts) to communicate globally using the same skywave propagation used by shortwave radio stations
Contents
[hide]
1History
2Use and implementation
11
3Resistance to interference
4Technical information
5BPSK31 and QPSK31 variants
6Spectrum efficiency compared to other modes
7Common frequencies
8References
9Further reading
10External links
History[edit]
PSK31 was developed and named by English amateur radio operator Peter Martinez (call sign G3PLX) and introduced to the wider amateur radio community in December 1998[1][2]
The 31 baud BPSK modulation system used in PSK31 was introduced by Pawel Jalocha (SP9VRC) in his SLOWBPSK program written for Motorolas EVM radio Instead of the traditional frequency-shift keying the information is transmitted by patterns of polarity-reversals (sometimes called 180-degree phase shifts) PSK31 was enthusiastically received and its usage grew like wildfire worldwide lending a new popularity and tone to the on-air conduct of digital communications[citation needed] Due to the efficiency of the mode it became and still remains especially popular with operators whose circumstances do not permit the erection of large antenna systems the use of high power or both
Use and implementation[edit]
A sample PSK31
transmission
MENU
000
The text Welcome to
Wikipedia the free
encyclopedia that anyone
can edit sent as PSK31
(QPSK)
Problems playing this file See media help
A PSK31 operator typically uses a single-sideband (SSB) transceiver connected to the sound card of a computer running PSK31 software When the operator enters a message for transmission the software produces an audio tone that sounds to the human ear like a continuous whistle with a slight warble This sound is then fed through either a microphone jack (using an intermediate resistive attenuator to reduce the sound cards output power to microphone levels) or an auxiliary connection into the transceiver from which it is transmitted [3]
From the perspective of the transmitter the sound amounts to little more than somebody whistling into the microphone However the software rapidly shifts the phase of the audio signal between two states (hence the name phase-shift keying) forming the character codes These phase shifts serve the same function as the two tones used in traditional RTTY and similar systems
To decode PSK31 the audio whistle received from the transceivers headphone output is fed into a computer sound cards audio input and software decodes it The software displays the decoded text[3]
Because PSK31 was developed for use through a computers sound card many programs have since been created to use the same technology for other modes such as RTTY Hellschreiber and Olivia MFSK So once it has been set up to run PSK31 a computer can be used to explore a variety of digital message transmission modes
12
Aside from a standard radio transceiver and a computer with a sound card very little equipment is required to use PSK31 Normally an older computer and a few cables will suffice and many PSK31 software applications are free Many operators now use a commercially available interfacemodem device (or nomic) between their computers and radios These devices incorporate the necessary impedance matching and sound level adjustment to permit the sound card output to be injected into the microphone input send the radios audio output to the sound card input and handle the radios transmit-receive switching Soundcard to radio interfaces typically use isolation transformers on both the send and receive audio paths to eliminate hum caused by ground-loops Recently introduced interfaces also incorporate their own sound card and can be powered and run from the computer via a single USB connection
Resistance to interference[edit]
Like other narrow band digital modes PSK31 can often overcome interference and poor propagation conditions in situations where voice or other methods of communication fail However PSK31 was designed only for leisure use by amateurs and due to its relatively slow speed and limited error control is not suitable for transmitting large blocks of data or text or critical data requiring high immunity from errors
PSK31 works well over propagation paths that preserve phase and resists fading (QSB) well However it can be adversely affected by propagation modesmdashsuch as transpolar pathsmdashwhere auroral flutter or multipathing can disrupt the signal phase continuity In such cases the use of QPSK (see below) is often beneficial
Some software supports PSK10 and PSK05 variants running at 10 baud and 5 baud respectively These slower speeds sacrifice throughput to provide greater resistance to noise and other interference Conversely PSK63 is increasingly used for faster exchanges especially during amateur radio contest operating
Technical information[edit]
Example of PSK31 modulation
PSK31 is typically created by software that generates an amplitude- and phase-modulated waveform that is converted to an audio frequency analog signal by a sound card In the most-commonly-used variant BPSK31 binary information is transmitted by either imparting a 180-degree phase shift (a binary zero) or no phase shift (a binary one) in each 32ms symbol interval The 180-degree phase shift for a zero bit code occurs at a null amplitude[4]
As shown in the figure a cosine filter is used to smooth the rise and fall times of the audio waveform and eliminate key clicks All subsequent amplification of the signal must be linear to preserve the modulation waveform and ensure minimum occupied bandwidth In practice this means limiting the transmit audio volume to below the level where the transmitter generates Automatic Level Control (ALC) feedback and disabling any audio compression or speech processing
The Varicode is a kind of Fibonacci code where the boundaries between character codes are marked by two or more consecutive zeros Like all Fibonacci codes since no character code contains more than one consecutive zero the software can easily identify the spaces between characters regardless of the length of the character The idle sequence sent when an operator is not typing is a continuous sequence of phase-shifts which do not print on the screen[2] Martinez arranged the character alphabet so that as in Morse code the more frequently occurring characters have the shortest encodings while rarer characters use longer encodings He named this encoding scheme varicode
PSK31s symbol rate of 3125 Hz was chosen because a normal typing speed of about 50 words per minute requires a bit rate of about 32 bits per second and specifically because 3125 Hz could easily be derived from the 8 kHz sample rate used in many DSP systems including those used in the computer sound cards
13
commonly used for PSK31 operation (3125 Hz is 8 kHz divided by 256 and so can be derived from 8 kHz by halving the frequency eight times in succession)
BPSK31 and QPSK31 variants[edit]
Colloquial usage of the term PSK31 in amateur radio usually implies the use of the most commonly used variant of PSK31 binary phase shift keying (BPSK) BPSK uses no error control but an allied mode QPSK31 quadrature phase shift keying uses four phases instead of two to provide a degree of forward error correction It is simple to switch from BPSK to QPSK if difficulties arise during a contact When QPSK is used after encoding into varicode the binary signal is further transformed into a quaternary set of phase shifts A sliding window of five bits is used to select one of the four possible phase shifts providing a means of error correction by spreading each bit of data across adjacent bits Successful decoding of an input bit requires a large number of phase shift sequences to be received causing a 20-bit 640-millisecond latency (delay) in the output of the decoder[5]
Spectrum efficiency compared to other modes[edit]
PSK31s efficiency and narrow bandwidth make it highly suitable for low-power and crowded-band operation PSK31 contacts can be conducted at less than 100 Hz separation so with disciplined operation at least twenty simultaneous PSK31 contacts can be carried out side-by-side in the 25 kHz bandwidth required for just one SSB voice contact
Common frequencies[edit]
The following amateur radio frequencies are commonly used for transmitting and receiving PSK31 signals They normally occupy the lower edge of each bands digital modes section PSK31 operators generally use upper sideband (USB) even on frequencies below 10 MHz where the convention normally calls for lower sideband This is because (a) signals then spread upwards into the digimode section from the base frequency and (b) using QPSK requires both stations to use the same sideband
PSK31 Frequencies[6]
Frequency Amateur Band
1838 MHz 160 meter
3580 MHz 80 meter
7035 MHz 40 meter (region 3)
7070 MHz 40 meter (regions 12)
10142 MHz 30 meter
14070 MHz 20 meter
14
18100 MHz 17 meter
21080 MHz 15 meter
24920 MHz 12 meter
28120 MHz 10 meter
50290 MHz 6 meter
144144 MHz 2 meter
22207 MHz 125 meter
4322 MHz 70 centimeter
909 MHz 33 centimeter
Current usage as of 2010 based on observation is centered on 707015 and 2107015 703515 is commonly used in Region 2 as of 2012 There is no authoritative list as the frequencies are determined by common convention
The IARU Region 1 Bandplan was revised in March 2009 to reflect the expanded 40 meter band The CW-only section within Europe Africa the Middle East and the former USSR is now 7000 to 7040 Region 2 - The Americas - followed in September 2013 Region 3 - South Asia and Australasia - has not yet synchronised its bandplan with Regions 1 and 2
References[edit]
1 Jump up^ The ARRL Handbook for Radio Communications 84th Ed (2007)9-13
2 ^ Jump up toa b Steven L Karty N5SK PSK31 Spec ARRL Website Retrieved 18 Dec 2010
3 ^ Jump up toa b Jacob Gillespie KD5TEN PSK31 guide Retrieved 2016-06-12
4 Jump up^ McDermott Tom (1998) Wireless Digital Communications Design and Theory Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Corporation p 50 ISBN 0-9644707-2-1
5 Jump up^ Peter Martinez G3PLX PSK31 theory Retrieved 2011-08-08
6 Jump up^ httpaintelbiehuespsk31html
Further reading[edit]
Martinez Peter PSK31 A new radio-teletype mode with a traditional philosophy (PDF) (November 1998)
Steve Ford WB8IMY (2001) Chapter 4 - PSK31 ARRLs HF digital handbook Newington CT The American Radio Relay League ISBN 0-87259-823-3
Meltz Steve The New HF Digital Modes - PSK31 QST April 1999 pp 50-51
15
Martinez Peter [1] PSK31 A New Radio-Teletype Mode RadCom December 1998 updated February 1999
External links[edit]
The Official PSK31 Page
PSK31 Setup and Operation | a PSK31 guide
PSK31 email discussion list with contests app reviews and more
European PSK Club
An online PSK31 receiver tuned to the active Ham band
Another PSK31 receiver in Ukraine
[hide]
v
t
e
Amateur radio digital modes
Frequency-shift keying (FSK)
RTTY
AMTOR SITOR
PACTOR
CLOVER2000
Packet radio (Bell 103
Bell 202)
Multiple frequency-shift keying (MFSK)
Olivia MFSK
Contestia
JT65
FSK441
JT6M
WSPR
Phase-shift keying (PSK)
PSK31
PSK63
Q15X25
COFDM MT63 (based on PSK)
Non-traditional digital modes
Hellschreiber (Feld-Hell)
On-off keying
Continuous wave
Modulated continuous wave
Pulse modulation
Frequency-hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
16
Categories
Quantized radio modulation modes
Packet radio
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ANIVERSARIANTES
Periacuteodo de 17 a 23 de dezembro de 2017
17 VILZIMAR FERREIRA GOMES CRISTALOIDE DE EDWARD SCHILLER-PT2PYC
17 MARCOS ANTONIO DE LIMA BRITO CRISTALOIDE DE ANTONIO DE BRITO-PT2OK
18 EULER DA VEIGA DIAS PT2PF
20 JORGE FLAVIO TEIXEIRA FERNANDES PT2IW REMIDO
21 FABIO DANIEL ROCHA DO NASCIMENTO PT2PRF
21 MARIA PAULA FERREIRA ARECO CRISTALOIDE DE JAFFER ARECO-PT2AZ
21 MARISA C SILVA OLIVEIRA CRISTALOIDE DE ANTONIO ISIDORIO DE OLIVEIRA-PT2AI
21 PEDRO PAULO VASCONCELOS CRISTALOIDE DE EDNEWTON DE VASCONCELOS-PT2EW
22 IRON ANTOcircNIO DOS SANTOS PT2IAS
22 PAULO WILSON DIAS DA SILVA CRISTALOIDE DE PAULO JOSEacuteDA SILVA-PT2APJ
23 RAUL DE ARAUacuteJO CARNEIRO PT2RAC
23 ANTOcircNIO BERTHOLDO GALVAtildeO PT2AG REMIDO
23 CELSO LUIZ KOGLER PP2CK
23 YARA GABRIELLE G DA CONCEICcedilAtildeO CRISTALOIDE DE LEONARDO GONCcedilALVES-PU2ABT
23 CRISTIANE JOFFILY PU2ARE CRISTALOIDE DE ICILIO JOFFILY-PT2IP
23 ANTONIO BERTHOLDO GALVAtildeO PT2AG
17
OBS SOLICITAMOS QUE TODOS OS COLEGAS LABREANOS COMPARECcedilAM Agrave SEDE DA
LABRE-DF PARA REALIZAREM RECADASTRAMENTO DE SEUS DADOS PARA MELHOR
CONTROLE INCLUSIVE COM ATUALIZACcedilAtildeO DE DEPENDENTES
DATAS COMEMORATIVAS
Periacuteodo de 17 a 23 de dezembro de 2017
Dia de Satildeo Laacutezaro
18SEG
Dia do Museoacutelogo
18SEG
Dia de Satildeo Zoacutezimo
20QUA
Dia do Mecacircnico
21QUI
Dia do Atleta
23SAacuteB
Dia do Vizinho
NOTIacuteCIAS DE DX
ARRL DX Bulletin ARLD050 (2017) - ARLD050 news
SB DX ARL $ARLD050
ARLD050 DX news
ZCZC AE50
QST de W1AW
DX Bulletin 50 ARLD050
From ARRL Headquarters
Newington CT December 14 2017
To all radio amateurs
SB DX ARL ARLD050
ARLD050 DX news
This weeks bulletin was made possible with information provided by
the OPDX Bulletin 425 DX News DXNL Contest Corral from QST and
the ARRL Contest Calendar and WA7BNM web sites Thanks to all
VIET NAM 3W Dirk DF2XG is QRV as 3W9XG from Hai Phong while here
on work assignment Activity is in his spare time on 40 to 10
meters using CW His length of stay is unknown QSL via operators
instructions
GEORGIA 4L Vlad UA4WHX will soon be QRV as 4LUA4WHX Activity
will be on 40 to 17 meters using CW SSB and RTTY His length of
stay is unknown QSL to home call
18
CYPRUS 5B Alex 5B4ALX is QRV as special event station 5B4XMAS
until December 31 Activity is on 160 to 10 meters using CW SSB
and various digital modes QSL via IZ4AMS
SENEGAL 6V Members of the Amateur Radio Association of Senegal
are QRV as 6V1A from Goree Island IOTA AF-045 until December 17
Activity is on the HF bands using CW and SSB QSL via 6W7JX
BARBADOS 8P Ernest J69Z is QRV as 8P9JB until January 2 2018
Activity is on 80 to 10 meters QSL direct to home call
PALESTINE E4 Elvira IV3FSG is QRV as E44YL from Bethlehem until
December 18 Activity is on the various HF bands using SSB and
possibly digital modes QSL via IK3GES
SOUTH COOK ISLANDS E5 Mauri AG1LE is QRV as E51DXX from
Rarotonga IOTA OC-013 until December 29 Activity is holiday
style on the HF bands using SSB PSK31 and FT8 QSL to home call
CANARY ISLANDS EA8 Rieder HB9FIH is QRV as EA8HB9FIH from El
Hierro Island IOTA AF-004 until the end of March 2018 Activity
is on 80 to 10 meters and possibly 6 meters using CW RTTY PSK
and some SSB QSL to home call
SOLOMON ISLANDS H4 Shane VK4KHZ is QRV as H44DA from Busone
Malaita Province until early January 2018 Activity is on 80 to 10
meters and satellite SO-50 but with a primary emphasis on 6
meters QSL direct to home call
REPUBLIC OF KOREA HL Special event call DT23WOP is QRV until
February 28 2018 during the Winter Olympic Games that will be held
here QSL via HL1IWD
DJIBOUTI J2 Dane S53T is QRV as J28ND until December 17
Activity is in his spare time on the HF bands using CW SSB and
RTTY QSL via S57DX
SVALBARD JW Morten LA4JSA is QRV as JW4JSA from Bear Island
IOTA EU-027 until June 1 2018 while on work assignment Activity
is in his spare time on the various HF bands QSL to home call
BELGIUM ON Members of the Club Radio Durnal will be QRV as
OT100BCA on December 17 from the Royal Castle of Laeken QSL via
ON4RCD
POLAND SP Special event station SN20WHL is QRV until December 20
to draw attention to the city of Torun that was put on the UNESCO
World Heritage List 20 years ago QSL via SP2TMT
CORSICA TK Georg NZ1C will be QRV as TKNZ1C from December 16 to
24 Activity will be holiday style on 40 to 10 meters using mainly
CW with some SSB RTTY PSK and FT8 QSL via DD5ZZ
19
UKRAINE UR Members of the amateur radio club Band are QRV as
EM25IWW until the end of the year to celebrate the clubs 25th
anniversary QSL via UR7IWW
INDIA VU Members of the Manipal Institute of Technology radio
club are QRV as AT6MIT until January 7 2018 to celebrate the
institutions 60th anniversary QSL via VU3BUN
ROMANIA YO Special event station YP2018HNY will be QRV from
December 15 to January 15 2018 to celebrate Christmas and the New
Year 2018 Activity will be on the HF bands QSL via YO3KPA
THIS WEEKEND ON THE RADIO The ARRL CW Rookie Roundup NCCC RTTY
Sprint 80-Meter QRP CW Fox Hunt NCCC CW Sprint UN DIGI Contest
AGB-Party Contest Russian 160-Meter Contest Feld Hell Sprint OK
DX RTTY Contest Padang DX Contest and the Croatian CW Contest are
all on tap for this upcoming weekend
The Run for the Bacon QRP CW Contest is scheduled for December 18
The CWops Mini-CWT CW Test Phone Fray and 40-Meter QRP CW Fox Hunt
are scheduled for December 20
Please see December QST page 73 and the ARRL and WA7BNM Contest
Web Sites for detailsNNNN EX
SK ndash SILENT KEY ndash PASSAMENTOS
Nihil
________________________________________________
ENCERRAMENTO
AGRADECEMOS AOS COLEGAS QUE ESTIVERAM ACOMPANHANDO NA NOSSA
TRANSMISSAtildeO Agrave DISTINTA ESCUTA DA ANATEL SE POR VENTURA NOS ESTEJA
MONITORANDO E A TODOS AQUELES QUE DE UMA MANEIRA OU DE OUTRA
TOMARAM CONHECIMENTO DESTE QTC LABRE-DF Nordm 502017 COMUNICADOS DE
FALHAS CRIacuteTICAS E APOIO DEVEM SER DIRIGIDOS AO DIRETOR DE
RADIOAMADORISMO RENDY-PT2IQ QUE AS ANALISARAacute E RESPONDERAacute SE
NECESSAacuteRIO ESTE QTC LABRE-DF OBSERVA SEMPRE O DIREITO DE CRIacuteTICA E
RESPOSTA NO MESMO ESPACcedilO UTILIZADO PARA A NOTA CONTESTADA SEMPRE
LEMBRANDO QUE O DIREITO TEM DUAS MAtildeOS DE DIRECcedilAtildeO
Brasiacutelia 16 DE DEZEMBRO DE 2017
PT2GTI ROBERTO FRANCA STUCKERT
DIRETOR-PRESIDENTE LABRE-DF
PT2IQ MIGUEL RENDY
DIRETOR DE RADIOAMADORISMO LABRE-DF
5
Uniatildeo dos Escoteiros do Brasil Origem Wikipeacutedia a enciclopeacutedia livre
Organizaccedilatildeo Escotista
Dados da Organizaccedilatildeo
Nome Escoteiros do Brasil
Paiacutes Brasil
Sede Curitiba
Localizaccedilatildeo Por todo o territoacuterio brasileiro
Data de Fundaccedilatildeo 4 de novembro de 1924
Fundador Benjamin Sodreacute
Membros 100000 associados
A Uniatildeo dos Escoteiros do Brasil ou apenas Escoteiros do Brasil fundada em 4 de novembro de 1924 eacute uma sociedade civil de acircmbito nacional de direito privado e sem fins lucrativos de caraacuteter educacional cultural beneficente e filantroacutepico reconhecida de utilidade puacuteblica que congrega mais de 1265[1] Grupos Escoteiros no Brasil Em 2017 contava com mais de 80000[2] membros A UEB eacute filiada agrave Organizaccedilatildeo Mundial do Movimento Escoteiro
Organizaccedilatildeo Os Escoteiros do Brasil estatildeo organizados em 3 niacuteveis
O Nacional com autoridade em todo o Territoacuterio brasileiro
O Regional denominado Regiatildeo Escoteira podendo abranger uma ou mais unidades da federaccedilatildeo ou parte delas com autoridade sobre a aacuterea que lhe for fixada - normalmente compreende os Estados da Federaccedilatildeo
O Local constituiacutedo pelos Grupos Escoteiros e Seccedilotildees Escoteiras Autocircnomas que satildeo as organizaccedilotildees locais para a praacutetica do Escotismo
Referecircncias
6
1 Comunicaccedilatildeo Escoteiros do Brasil - Comissatildeo Nacional de Imagem e laquoEscoteiros do Brasilraquo wwwescoteirosorgbr Consultado em 22 de setembro de 2017
2 Comunicaccedilatildeo Escoteiros do Brasil - Comissatildeo Nacional de Imagem e laquoEscoteiros do Brasilraquo wwwescoteirosorgbr Consultado em 22 de setembro de 2017
BADEN POWELL PREVIU O INTERESSE DOS ESCOTEIROS PELO RAacuteDIO
NOTICIAS DA ANATEL BRASIacuteLIA DF
NOTA DE IMPRENSA
Reuniatildeo entre Anatel e Aneel
A Agecircncia Nacional de Telecomunicaccedilotildees (Anatel) e a Agecircncia Nacional de Energia Eleacutetrica
(Aneel) realizaram reuniatildeo na sede da Anatel nesta sexta-ffeira (1512) para discutir as questotildees
envolvendo as agecircncias reguladoras especialmente no tocante ao tema da ocupaccedilatildeo de pontos de
fixaccedilatildeo em infraestruturas de postes
CEMI Brasil bloqueia 91 milhotildees de celulares por roubo furto ou perda
Publicado Sexta 08 de Dezembro de 2017 14h30 | Uacuteltima atualizaccedilatildeo em Segunda 11 de Dezembro de 2017 10h20 | Acessos 802
A Agecircncia Nacional de Telecomunicaccedilotildees (Anatel) informa que em novembro de 2017 o Cadastro
Nacional de Estaccedilotildees Moacuteveis Impedidas (Cemi) registrou 9123567 de celulares bloqueados no Brasil
aumento de 119421 ou 133 em relaccedilatildeo a outubro deste ano
O Cemi manteacutem o registro dos aparelhos perdidos furtados ou roubados que estatildeo bloqueados Nos
uacuteltimos 12 meses foram impedidos de funcionar 1586458 aparelhos um aumento de 2105 em
relaccedilatildeo a novembro de 2016
7
No total de 9123567 de celulares que estavam bloqueados em novembro deste ano estatildeo aparelhos
impedidos por solicitaccedilatildeo direta dos usuaacuterios agraves empresas ou pelo registro de Boletim de Ocorrecircncia
junto agraves poliacutecias dos governos dos estados e do Distrito Federal
No Brasil em novembro deste ano eram 8975969 celulares impedidos por solicitaccedilatildeo direta de
usuaacuterios aumento de 103441 ou 117 em relaccedilatildeo a outubro de 2017 Nos uacuteltimos 12 meses os
usuaacuterios das operadoras de telefonia moacutevel solicitaram o bloqueio de mais de 1447689 aparelhos
Oacutergatildeos de seguranccedila
As poliacutecias estaduais e do Distrito Federal bloquearam 147598 celulares no Cemi ateacute novembro deste
ano Nos uacuteltimos 12 meses foram bloqueados 138769 aparelhos trabalho realizado em conjunto das
empresas e a aacutereas de seguranccedila dos estados
O maior nuacutemero de celulares bloqueados pelos oacutergatildeos de seguranccedila foram nos estados de Satildeo Paulo
90277 aparelhos Rio de Janeiro com 23289 e o Espiacuterito Santo com 9999 terminais
Desde marccedilo de 2016 quando comeccedilou a funcionar o sistema 23 secretarias de seguranccedila dos estados
e a do Distrito Federal jaacute assinaram o convecircnio com a Anatel para inscriccedilatildeo no Cemi Somente cinco
estados ainda natildeo firmaram o termo de adesatildeo ao Cadastro
Exterior
O sistema de bloqueio de celulares do Cemi eacute integrado agrave GSM Association base internacional de
aparelhos impedidos Os celulares bloqueados por operadoras no exterior totalizaram 39732184 no mecircs
de novembro deste ano Um aumento de 692196 ou 177 se comparado ao mecircs anterior Nos uacuteltimos
12 meses foram bloqueados mais 4584138 celulares ou 1304 pela GSM
O Cemi eacute supervisionado pela Anatel operacionalizado pela ABRTelecom e implementado pelas
prestadoras da telefonia moacutevel
COMO ESTAacute A ECONOMIA BRASILEIRA Doacutelar americano Cotaccedilatildeo de fechamento do doacutelar no dia 15122017 Sexta-feira
Doacutelar-dos-EUA
Data Taxa de Compra Taxa de Venda
15122017 33176 33182
8
O Banco Central natildeo assume qualquer responsabilidade pela natildeo simultaneidade ou falta das informaccedilotildees
prestadas assim como por eventuais erros de paridades das moedas ou qualquer outro salvo a paridade relativa ao doacutelar dos Estados Unidos da Ameacuterica em relaccedilatildeo ao Real Igualmente natildeo se responsabiliza pelos atrasos ou
indisponibilidade de serviccedilos de telecomunicaccedilatildeo interrupccedilatildeo falha ou pelas imprecisotildees no fornecimento dos serviccedilos ou informaccedilotildees Natildeo assume tambeacutem responsabilidade por qualquer perda ou dano oriundo de tais
interrupccedilotildees atrasos falhas ou imperfeiccedilotildees bem como pelo uso inadequado das informaccedilotildees contidas na transaccedilatildeo
Economia Brasileira atual dados iacutendices exportaccedilotildees importaccedilotildees inflaccedilatildeo PIB
setores da economia comeacutercio exterior importaccedilotildees saldo comercial parceiros econocircmicos produtos energia setores da economia brasileira
Economia brasileira entre as dez maiores do mundo
Introduccedilatildeo
Embora esteja passando por um momento de crise provocada principalmente por problemas poliacuteticos o Brasil ainda
apresenta uma economia forte e soacutelida O paiacutes eacute um grande produtor e exportador de mercadorias de diversos tipos
principalmente commodities minerais agriacutecolas e manufaturados As aacutereas de agricultura induacutestria e serviccedilos satildeo bem
desenvolvidas e encontram-se atualmente em bom momento de expansatildeo Considerado um paiacutes emergente o Brasil
ocupa o 9ordm lugar no ranking das maiores economias do mundo (em volume de PIB de 2016) O Brasil possui uma
economia aberta e inserida no processo de globalizaccedilatildeo
Informaccedilotildees iacutendices e dados da economia brasileira
Moeda Real (siacutembolo R$)
PIB de 2016 (Produto Interno Bruto) R$ 6267 trilhotildees ou US$ 2015 trilhotildees taxa de cacircmbio usada US$ 100 =
R$ 311 (em 07032017)
Renda per Capita de 2016 (PIB per capita) R$ 30407 ou US$ 9777 taxa de cacircmbio usada US$ 100 = R$ 311
(em 07032017)
Coeficiente de Gini 0495 (2013) alto
Evoluccedilatildeo do PIB nos uacuteltimos anos 13 (2001) 31 (2002) 12 (2003) 57 (2004) 31 (2005) 4 (2006)
6 (2007) 5 (2008) - 02 (2009) 76 (2010) 39 (2011) 1 (2012) 25 (2013) 01 (2014) -38 (2015)
-36 (2016)
Desempenho do PIB no ano de 2016 (de janeiro a dezembro) -36
Desempenho do PIB no ano de 2016 (de janeiro a marccedilo - 1ordm trimestre) -03 (em relaccedilatildeo ao trimestre anterior)
Desempenho do PIB no ano de 2016 (de abril a junho - 2ordm trimestre) -06 (em relaccedilatildeo ao trimestre anterior)
Desempenho do PIB no ano de 2016 (de julho a setembro - 3ordm trimestre) -08 (em relaccedilatildeo ao trimestre anterior)
9
Desempenho do PIB no ano de 2016 (de outubro a dezembro - 4ordm trimestre) -09 (em relaccedilatildeo ao trimestre
anterior)
PIB 2017 (1ordm trimestre) +10 (dado divulgado pelo IBGE em 01062017)
PIB 2017 (2ordm trimestre) +02 (dado divulgado pelo IBGE em 01092017)
PIB 2017 (3ordm trimestre) +01 (dado divulgado pelo IBGE em 01122017)
PIB 2017 em valores correntes No 1ordm trimestre R$ 1595 trilhatildeo (US$ 4938 bilhotildees ndash cotaccedilatildeo de 01062017 com
doacutelar a R$ 323) No 2ordm trimestre R$ 1639 trilhatildeo (US$ 5236 bilhotildees ndash cotaccedilatildeo de 01092017 com doacutelar a R$ 313)
No 3ordm trimestre R$ 1641 trilhatildeo (US$ 5018 bilhotildees - cotaccedilatildeo de 011217 com doacutelar a R$ 327)
Taxa de investimentos 164 do PIB (em 2016) 155 do PIB (no 2ordm trimestre de 2017)
Taxa de poupanccedila 139 do PIB (em 2016) 158 do PIB (no 2ordm trimestre de 2017)
Forccedila de trabalho 1042 milhotildees de trabalhadores (de agosto a outubro de 2017) 915 milhotildees ocupadas e 127
milhotildees desocupadas
Inflaccedilatildeo 629 (IPCA de 2016) | 028 (IPCA de novembro de 2017) | no acumulado do ano de 2017 (de janeiro a
novembro) 250
Taxa de desemprego 115 (taxa meacutedia anual de 2016) 122 (entre agosto e outubro de 2017) com 127 milhotildees
de desempregados
Brasileiros empregados (populaccedilatildeo ocupada) 915 milhotildees de pessoas (entre agosto e outubro de 2017 - IBGE)
Rendimento meacutedio dos trabalhadores brasileiros R$ 2127 (de agosto a outubro de 2017 - IBGE)
Taxa baacutesica de Juros do Banco Central (SELIC) 700 ao ano (referecircncia desde 06 de dezembro de 2017)
Salaacuterio Miacutenimo Nacional R$ 93700 (a partir de 1ordm de janeiro de 2017)
Diacutevida Externa US$ 315267 bilhotildees (setor puacuteblico e setor privado) - dados relativos a agosto de 2017 Fonte Banco
Central
Diacutevida Federal Externa R$ 12707 bilhotildees ou US$ 3878 bilhotildees (em outubro de 2017) - aumento de 688 em
relaccedilatildeo ao mecircs anterior
Diacutevida Puacuteblica Mobiliaacuteria Federal Interna (DPMFi) R$ 3311 trilhotildees (em outubro de 2017) - queda de 002 em
relaccedilatildeo ao mecircs anterior
Diacutevida Puacuteblica (porcentagem do PIB) 662 (em 2015)
Diacutevida puacuteblica federal em valores (diacutevida interna + externa) R$ 3438 trilhotildees (em outubro de 2017) - aumento de
022 em relaccedilatildeo ao mecircs anterior
Transaccedilotildees correntes (transaccedilotildees do Brasil com o exterior) deacuteficit de US$ 23507 bilhotildees (em dezembro de 2016)
- 13 do PIB (queda de 60 em relaccedilatildeo a 2015) No total do ano o deacuteficit foi de US$ 22 bilhotildees (122 do PIB)
Resultado primaacuterio do setor puacuteblico (uniatildeo estados e municiacutepios e suas estatais) deacuteficit de R$ 155791 bilhotildees
(em 2016) - 247 do PIB
Contas do Governo Federal (Tesouro Nacional Banco Central e Previdecircncia Social) deacuteficit de R$ 1623 bilhotildees
(em 2016) - representa 24 do PIB superaacutevit primaacuterio de R$ 5191 bilhotildees (em outubro de 2017) no acumulado de
2017 (de janeiro a outubro) deacuteficit de R$ 103243 bilhotildees
Reservas internacionais US$ 3705 bilhotildees (em outubro de 2017)
10
Produccedilatildeo industrial -66 (em 2016) em relaccedilatildeo ao ano anterior Em outubro de 2017 a atividade da induacutestria
brasileira cresceu 53 (em comparaccedilatildeo com o mesmo mecircs do ano anterior)
Arrecadaccedilatildeo federal (impostos e tributos recolhidos) R$ 1289 trilhatildeo (apoacutes abatimento da inflaccedilatildeo IPCA) no ano
de 2016 - queda de 297 em relaccedilatildeo ao ano anterior
Poupanccedila nacional bruta R$ 869 bilhotildees (ano de 2016)
Investimentos diretos no paiacutes (IDP) US$ 789 bilhotildees (em 2016) - 436 do PIB
Contas do Setor Puacuteblico (consolidado) superaacutevit primaacuterio de R$ 475 bilhotildees em outubro de 2017 Entre janeiro e
outubro de 2017 o deacuteficit eacute de R$ 7735 bilhotildees envolve governo federal estados municipios e empresas estatais
CANTINHO TEacuteCNICO
TECHNICAL CORNER
PSK31 From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
A waterfall display depicting several PSK31 transmissions at around 14070 kHz The green lines indicate a station that
is transmitting
PSK31 or Phase Shift Keying 31 Baud also BPSK31 and QPSK31 is a popular computer-sound card-generated radioteletype mode used primarily by amateur radio operators to conduct real-time keyboard-to-keyboard chat most often using frequencies in the high frequencyamateur radio bands (near-shortwave) PSK31 is distinguished from other digital modes in that it is specifically tuned to have a data rate close to typing speed and has an extremely narrow bandwidth allowing many conversations in the same bandwidth as a single voice channel This narrow bandwidth also concentrates the RF energy[citation needed] in a very narrow bandwidth allowing relatively low-power equipment (25 watts) to communicate globally using the same skywave propagation used by shortwave radio stations
Contents
[hide]
1History
2Use and implementation
11
3Resistance to interference
4Technical information
5BPSK31 and QPSK31 variants
6Spectrum efficiency compared to other modes
7Common frequencies
8References
9Further reading
10External links
History[edit]
PSK31 was developed and named by English amateur radio operator Peter Martinez (call sign G3PLX) and introduced to the wider amateur radio community in December 1998[1][2]
The 31 baud BPSK modulation system used in PSK31 was introduced by Pawel Jalocha (SP9VRC) in his SLOWBPSK program written for Motorolas EVM radio Instead of the traditional frequency-shift keying the information is transmitted by patterns of polarity-reversals (sometimes called 180-degree phase shifts) PSK31 was enthusiastically received and its usage grew like wildfire worldwide lending a new popularity and tone to the on-air conduct of digital communications[citation needed] Due to the efficiency of the mode it became and still remains especially popular with operators whose circumstances do not permit the erection of large antenna systems the use of high power or both
Use and implementation[edit]
A sample PSK31
transmission
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The text Welcome to
Wikipedia the free
encyclopedia that anyone
can edit sent as PSK31
(QPSK)
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A PSK31 operator typically uses a single-sideband (SSB) transceiver connected to the sound card of a computer running PSK31 software When the operator enters a message for transmission the software produces an audio tone that sounds to the human ear like a continuous whistle with a slight warble This sound is then fed through either a microphone jack (using an intermediate resistive attenuator to reduce the sound cards output power to microphone levels) or an auxiliary connection into the transceiver from which it is transmitted [3]
From the perspective of the transmitter the sound amounts to little more than somebody whistling into the microphone However the software rapidly shifts the phase of the audio signal between two states (hence the name phase-shift keying) forming the character codes These phase shifts serve the same function as the two tones used in traditional RTTY and similar systems
To decode PSK31 the audio whistle received from the transceivers headphone output is fed into a computer sound cards audio input and software decodes it The software displays the decoded text[3]
Because PSK31 was developed for use through a computers sound card many programs have since been created to use the same technology for other modes such as RTTY Hellschreiber and Olivia MFSK So once it has been set up to run PSK31 a computer can be used to explore a variety of digital message transmission modes
12
Aside from a standard radio transceiver and a computer with a sound card very little equipment is required to use PSK31 Normally an older computer and a few cables will suffice and many PSK31 software applications are free Many operators now use a commercially available interfacemodem device (or nomic) between their computers and radios These devices incorporate the necessary impedance matching and sound level adjustment to permit the sound card output to be injected into the microphone input send the radios audio output to the sound card input and handle the radios transmit-receive switching Soundcard to radio interfaces typically use isolation transformers on both the send and receive audio paths to eliminate hum caused by ground-loops Recently introduced interfaces also incorporate their own sound card and can be powered and run from the computer via a single USB connection
Resistance to interference[edit]
Like other narrow band digital modes PSK31 can often overcome interference and poor propagation conditions in situations where voice or other methods of communication fail However PSK31 was designed only for leisure use by amateurs and due to its relatively slow speed and limited error control is not suitable for transmitting large blocks of data or text or critical data requiring high immunity from errors
PSK31 works well over propagation paths that preserve phase and resists fading (QSB) well However it can be adversely affected by propagation modesmdashsuch as transpolar pathsmdashwhere auroral flutter or multipathing can disrupt the signal phase continuity In such cases the use of QPSK (see below) is often beneficial
Some software supports PSK10 and PSK05 variants running at 10 baud and 5 baud respectively These slower speeds sacrifice throughput to provide greater resistance to noise and other interference Conversely PSK63 is increasingly used for faster exchanges especially during amateur radio contest operating
Technical information[edit]
Example of PSK31 modulation
PSK31 is typically created by software that generates an amplitude- and phase-modulated waveform that is converted to an audio frequency analog signal by a sound card In the most-commonly-used variant BPSK31 binary information is transmitted by either imparting a 180-degree phase shift (a binary zero) or no phase shift (a binary one) in each 32ms symbol interval The 180-degree phase shift for a zero bit code occurs at a null amplitude[4]
As shown in the figure a cosine filter is used to smooth the rise and fall times of the audio waveform and eliminate key clicks All subsequent amplification of the signal must be linear to preserve the modulation waveform and ensure minimum occupied bandwidth In practice this means limiting the transmit audio volume to below the level where the transmitter generates Automatic Level Control (ALC) feedback and disabling any audio compression or speech processing
The Varicode is a kind of Fibonacci code where the boundaries between character codes are marked by two or more consecutive zeros Like all Fibonacci codes since no character code contains more than one consecutive zero the software can easily identify the spaces between characters regardless of the length of the character The idle sequence sent when an operator is not typing is a continuous sequence of phase-shifts which do not print on the screen[2] Martinez arranged the character alphabet so that as in Morse code the more frequently occurring characters have the shortest encodings while rarer characters use longer encodings He named this encoding scheme varicode
PSK31s symbol rate of 3125 Hz was chosen because a normal typing speed of about 50 words per minute requires a bit rate of about 32 bits per second and specifically because 3125 Hz could easily be derived from the 8 kHz sample rate used in many DSP systems including those used in the computer sound cards
13
commonly used for PSK31 operation (3125 Hz is 8 kHz divided by 256 and so can be derived from 8 kHz by halving the frequency eight times in succession)
BPSK31 and QPSK31 variants[edit]
Colloquial usage of the term PSK31 in amateur radio usually implies the use of the most commonly used variant of PSK31 binary phase shift keying (BPSK) BPSK uses no error control but an allied mode QPSK31 quadrature phase shift keying uses four phases instead of two to provide a degree of forward error correction It is simple to switch from BPSK to QPSK if difficulties arise during a contact When QPSK is used after encoding into varicode the binary signal is further transformed into a quaternary set of phase shifts A sliding window of five bits is used to select one of the four possible phase shifts providing a means of error correction by spreading each bit of data across adjacent bits Successful decoding of an input bit requires a large number of phase shift sequences to be received causing a 20-bit 640-millisecond latency (delay) in the output of the decoder[5]
Spectrum efficiency compared to other modes[edit]
PSK31s efficiency and narrow bandwidth make it highly suitable for low-power and crowded-band operation PSK31 contacts can be conducted at less than 100 Hz separation so with disciplined operation at least twenty simultaneous PSK31 contacts can be carried out side-by-side in the 25 kHz bandwidth required for just one SSB voice contact
Common frequencies[edit]
The following amateur radio frequencies are commonly used for transmitting and receiving PSK31 signals They normally occupy the lower edge of each bands digital modes section PSK31 operators generally use upper sideband (USB) even on frequencies below 10 MHz where the convention normally calls for lower sideband This is because (a) signals then spread upwards into the digimode section from the base frequency and (b) using QPSK requires both stations to use the same sideband
PSK31 Frequencies[6]
Frequency Amateur Band
1838 MHz 160 meter
3580 MHz 80 meter
7035 MHz 40 meter (region 3)
7070 MHz 40 meter (regions 12)
10142 MHz 30 meter
14070 MHz 20 meter
14
18100 MHz 17 meter
21080 MHz 15 meter
24920 MHz 12 meter
28120 MHz 10 meter
50290 MHz 6 meter
144144 MHz 2 meter
22207 MHz 125 meter
4322 MHz 70 centimeter
909 MHz 33 centimeter
Current usage as of 2010 based on observation is centered on 707015 and 2107015 703515 is commonly used in Region 2 as of 2012 There is no authoritative list as the frequencies are determined by common convention
The IARU Region 1 Bandplan was revised in March 2009 to reflect the expanded 40 meter band The CW-only section within Europe Africa the Middle East and the former USSR is now 7000 to 7040 Region 2 - The Americas - followed in September 2013 Region 3 - South Asia and Australasia - has not yet synchronised its bandplan with Regions 1 and 2
References[edit]
1 Jump up^ The ARRL Handbook for Radio Communications 84th Ed (2007)9-13
2 ^ Jump up toa b Steven L Karty N5SK PSK31 Spec ARRL Website Retrieved 18 Dec 2010
3 ^ Jump up toa b Jacob Gillespie KD5TEN PSK31 guide Retrieved 2016-06-12
4 Jump up^ McDermott Tom (1998) Wireless Digital Communications Design and Theory Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Corporation p 50 ISBN 0-9644707-2-1
5 Jump up^ Peter Martinez G3PLX PSK31 theory Retrieved 2011-08-08
6 Jump up^ httpaintelbiehuespsk31html
Further reading[edit]
Martinez Peter PSK31 A new radio-teletype mode with a traditional philosophy (PDF) (November 1998)
Steve Ford WB8IMY (2001) Chapter 4 - PSK31 ARRLs HF digital handbook Newington CT The American Radio Relay League ISBN 0-87259-823-3
Meltz Steve The New HF Digital Modes - PSK31 QST April 1999 pp 50-51
15
Martinez Peter [1] PSK31 A New Radio-Teletype Mode RadCom December 1998 updated February 1999
External links[edit]
The Official PSK31 Page
PSK31 Setup and Operation | a PSK31 guide
PSK31 email discussion list with contests app reviews and more
European PSK Club
An online PSK31 receiver tuned to the active Ham band
Another PSK31 receiver in Ukraine
[hide]
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t
e
Amateur radio digital modes
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16
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NOTAS SOCIAIS
ANIVERSARIANTES
Periacuteodo de 17 a 23 de dezembro de 2017
17 VILZIMAR FERREIRA GOMES CRISTALOIDE DE EDWARD SCHILLER-PT2PYC
17 MARCOS ANTONIO DE LIMA BRITO CRISTALOIDE DE ANTONIO DE BRITO-PT2OK
18 EULER DA VEIGA DIAS PT2PF
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23 RAUL DE ARAUacuteJO CARNEIRO PT2RAC
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23 CELSO LUIZ KOGLER PP2CK
23 YARA GABRIELLE G DA CONCEICcedilAtildeO CRISTALOIDE DE LEONARDO GONCcedilALVES-PU2ABT
23 CRISTIANE JOFFILY PU2ARE CRISTALOIDE DE ICILIO JOFFILY-PT2IP
23 ANTONIO BERTHOLDO GALVAtildeO PT2AG
17
OBS SOLICITAMOS QUE TODOS OS COLEGAS LABREANOS COMPARECcedilAM Agrave SEDE DA
LABRE-DF PARA REALIZAREM RECADASTRAMENTO DE SEUS DADOS PARA MELHOR
CONTROLE INCLUSIVE COM ATUALIZACcedilAtildeO DE DEPENDENTES
DATAS COMEMORATIVAS
Periacuteodo de 17 a 23 de dezembro de 2017
Dia de Satildeo Laacutezaro
18SEG
Dia do Museoacutelogo
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Dia de Satildeo Zoacutezimo
20QUA
Dia do Mecacircnico
21QUI
Dia do Atleta
23SAacuteB
Dia do Vizinho
NOTIacuteCIAS DE DX
ARRL DX Bulletin ARLD050 (2017) - ARLD050 news
SB DX ARL $ARLD050
ARLD050 DX news
ZCZC AE50
QST de W1AW
DX Bulletin 50 ARLD050
From ARRL Headquarters
Newington CT December 14 2017
To all radio amateurs
SB DX ARL ARLD050
ARLD050 DX news
This weeks bulletin was made possible with information provided by
the OPDX Bulletin 425 DX News DXNL Contest Corral from QST and
the ARRL Contest Calendar and WA7BNM web sites Thanks to all
VIET NAM 3W Dirk DF2XG is QRV as 3W9XG from Hai Phong while here
on work assignment Activity is in his spare time on 40 to 10
meters using CW His length of stay is unknown QSL via operators
instructions
GEORGIA 4L Vlad UA4WHX will soon be QRV as 4LUA4WHX Activity
will be on 40 to 17 meters using CW SSB and RTTY His length of
stay is unknown QSL to home call
18
CYPRUS 5B Alex 5B4ALX is QRV as special event station 5B4XMAS
until December 31 Activity is on 160 to 10 meters using CW SSB
and various digital modes QSL via IZ4AMS
SENEGAL 6V Members of the Amateur Radio Association of Senegal
are QRV as 6V1A from Goree Island IOTA AF-045 until December 17
Activity is on the HF bands using CW and SSB QSL via 6W7JX
BARBADOS 8P Ernest J69Z is QRV as 8P9JB until January 2 2018
Activity is on 80 to 10 meters QSL direct to home call
PALESTINE E4 Elvira IV3FSG is QRV as E44YL from Bethlehem until
December 18 Activity is on the various HF bands using SSB and
possibly digital modes QSL via IK3GES
SOUTH COOK ISLANDS E5 Mauri AG1LE is QRV as E51DXX from
Rarotonga IOTA OC-013 until December 29 Activity is holiday
style on the HF bands using SSB PSK31 and FT8 QSL to home call
CANARY ISLANDS EA8 Rieder HB9FIH is QRV as EA8HB9FIH from El
Hierro Island IOTA AF-004 until the end of March 2018 Activity
is on 80 to 10 meters and possibly 6 meters using CW RTTY PSK
and some SSB QSL to home call
SOLOMON ISLANDS H4 Shane VK4KHZ is QRV as H44DA from Busone
Malaita Province until early January 2018 Activity is on 80 to 10
meters and satellite SO-50 but with a primary emphasis on 6
meters QSL direct to home call
REPUBLIC OF KOREA HL Special event call DT23WOP is QRV until
February 28 2018 during the Winter Olympic Games that will be held
here QSL via HL1IWD
DJIBOUTI J2 Dane S53T is QRV as J28ND until December 17
Activity is in his spare time on the HF bands using CW SSB and
RTTY QSL via S57DX
SVALBARD JW Morten LA4JSA is QRV as JW4JSA from Bear Island
IOTA EU-027 until June 1 2018 while on work assignment Activity
is in his spare time on the various HF bands QSL to home call
BELGIUM ON Members of the Club Radio Durnal will be QRV as
OT100BCA on December 17 from the Royal Castle of Laeken QSL via
ON4RCD
POLAND SP Special event station SN20WHL is QRV until December 20
to draw attention to the city of Torun that was put on the UNESCO
World Heritage List 20 years ago QSL via SP2TMT
CORSICA TK Georg NZ1C will be QRV as TKNZ1C from December 16 to
24 Activity will be holiday style on 40 to 10 meters using mainly
CW with some SSB RTTY PSK and FT8 QSL via DD5ZZ
19
UKRAINE UR Members of the amateur radio club Band are QRV as
EM25IWW until the end of the year to celebrate the clubs 25th
anniversary QSL via UR7IWW
INDIA VU Members of the Manipal Institute of Technology radio
club are QRV as AT6MIT until January 7 2018 to celebrate the
institutions 60th anniversary QSL via VU3BUN
ROMANIA YO Special event station YP2018HNY will be QRV from
December 15 to January 15 2018 to celebrate Christmas and the New
Year 2018 Activity will be on the HF bands QSL via YO3KPA
THIS WEEKEND ON THE RADIO The ARRL CW Rookie Roundup NCCC RTTY
Sprint 80-Meter QRP CW Fox Hunt NCCC CW Sprint UN DIGI Contest
AGB-Party Contest Russian 160-Meter Contest Feld Hell Sprint OK
DX RTTY Contest Padang DX Contest and the Croatian CW Contest are
all on tap for this upcoming weekend
The Run for the Bacon QRP CW Contest is scheduled for December 18
The CWops Mini-CWT CW Test Phone Fray and 40-Meter QRP CW Fox Hunt
are scheduled for December 20
Please see December QST page 73 and the ARRL and WA7BNM Contest
Web Sites for detailsNNNN EX
SK ndash SILENT KEY ndash PASSAMENTOS
Nihil
________________________________________________
ENCERRAMENTO
AGRADECEMOS AOS COLEGAS QUE ESTIVERAM ACOMPANHANDO NA NOSSA
TRANSMISSAtildeO Agrave DISTINTA ESCUTA DA ANATEL SE POR VENTURA NOS ESTEJA
MONITORANDO E A TODOS AQUELES QUE DE UMA MANEIRA OU DE OUTRA
TOMARAM CONHECIMENTO DESTE QTC LABRE-DF Nordm 502017 COMUNICADOS DE
FALHAS CRIacuteTICAS E APOIO DEVEM SER DIRIGIDOS AO DIRETOR DE
RADIOAMADORISMO RENDY-PT2IQ QUE AS ANALISARAacute E RESPONDERAacute SE
NECESSAacuteRIO ESTE QTC LABRE-DF OBSERVA SEMPRE O DIREITO DE CRIacuteTICA E
RESPOSTA NO MESMO ESPACcedilO UTILIZADO PARA A NOTA CONTESTADA SEMPRE
LEMBRANDO QUE O DIREITO TEM DUAS MAtildeOS DE DIRECcedilAtildeO
Brasiacutelia 16 DE DEZEMBRO DE 2017
PT2GTI ROBERTO FRANCA STUCKERT
DIRETOR-PRESIDENTE LABRE-DF
PT2IQ MIGUEL RENDY
DIRETOR DE RADIOAMADORISMO LABRE-DF
6
1 Comunicaccedilatildeo Escoteiros do Brasil - Comissatildeo Nacional de Imagem e laquoEscoteiros do Brasilraquo wwwescoteirosorgbr Consultado em 22 de setembro de 2017
2 Comunicaccedilatildeo Escoteiros do Brasil - Comissatildeo Nacional de Imagem e laquoEscoteiros do Brasilraquo wwwescoteirosorgbr Consultado em 22 de setembro de 2017
BADEN POWELL PREVIU O INTERESSE DOS ESCOTEIROS PELO RAacuteDIO
NOTICIAS DA ANATEL BRASIacuteLIA DF
NOTA DE IMPRENSA
Reuniatildeo entre Anatel e Aneel
A Agecircncia Nacional de Telecomunicaccedilotildees (Anatel) e a Agecircncia Nacional de Energia Eleacutetrica
(Aneel) realizaram reuniatildeo na sede da Anatel nesta sexta-ffeira (1512) para discutir as questotildees
envolvendo as agecircncias reguladoras especialmente no tocante ao tema da ocupaccedilatildeo de pontos de
fixaccedilatildeo em infraestruturas de postes
CEMI Brasil bloqueia 91 milhotildees de celulares por roubo furto ou perda
Publicado Sexta 08 de Dezembro de 2017 14h30 | Uacuteltima atualizaccedilatildeo em Segunda 11 de Dezembro de 2017 10h20 | Acessos 802
A Agecircncia Nacional de Telecomunicaccedilotildees (Anatel) informa que em novembro de 2017 o Cadastro
Nacional de Estaccedilotildees Moacuteveis Impedidas (Cemi) registrou 9123567 de celulares bloqueados no Brasil
aumento de 119421 ou 133 em relaccedilatildeo a outubro deste ano
O Cemi manteacutem o registro dos aparelhos perdidos furtados ou roubados que estatildeo bloqueados Nos
uacuteltimos 12 meses foram impedidos de funcionar 1586458 aparelhos um aumento de 2105 em
relaccedilatildeo a novembro de 2016
7
No total de 9123567 de celulares que estavam bloqueados em novembro deste ano estatildeo aparelhos
impedidos por solicitaccedilatildeo direta dos usuaacuterios agraves empresas ou pelo registro de Boletim de Ocorrecircncia
junto agraves poliacutecias dos governos dos estados e do Distrito Federal
No Brasil em novembro deste ano eram 8975969 celulares impedidos por solicitaccedilatildeo direta de
usuaacuterios aumento de 103441 ou 117 em relaccedilatildeo a outubro de 2017 Nos uacuteltimos 12 meses os
usuaacuterios das operadoras de telefonia moacutevel solicitaram o bloqueio de mais de 1447689 aparelhos
Oacutergatildeos de seguranccedila
As poliacutecias estaduais e do Distrito Federal bloquearam 147598 celulares no Cemi ateacute novembro deste
ano Nos uacuteltimos 12 meses foram bloqueados 138769 aparelhos trabalho realizado em conjunto das
empresas e a aacutereas de seguranccedila dos estados
O maior nuacutemero de celulares bloqueados pelos oacutergatildeos de seguranccedila foram nos estados de Satildeo Paulo
90277 aparelhos Rio de Janeiro com 23289 e o Espiacuterito Santo com 9999 terminais
Desde marccedilo de 2016 quando comeccedilou a funcionar o sistema 23 secretarias de seguranccedila dos estados
e a do Distrito Federal jaacute assinaram o convecircnio com a Anatel para inscriccedilatildeo no Cemi Somente cinco
estados ainda natildeo firmaram o termo de adesatildeo ao Cadastro
Exterior
O sistema de bloqueio de celulares do Cemi eacute integrado agrave GSM Association base internacional de
aparelhos impedidos Os celulares bloqueados por operadoras no exterior totalizaram 39732184 no mecircs
de novembro deste ano Um aumento de 692196 ou 177 se comparado ao mecircs anterior Nos uacuteltimos
12 meses foram bloqueados mais 4584138 celulares ou 1304 pela GSM
O Cemi eacute supervisionado pela Anatel operacionalizado pela ABRTelecom e implementado pelas
prestadoras da telefonia moacutevel
COMO ESTAacute A ECONOMIA BRASILEIRA Doacutelar americano Cotaccedilatildeo de fechamento do doacutelar no dia 15122017 Sexta-feira
Doacutelar-dos-EUA
Data Taxa de Compra Taxa de Venda
15122017 33176 33182
8
O Banco Central natildeo assume qualquer responsabilidade pela natildeo simultaneidade ou falta das informaccedilotildees
prestadas assim como por eventuais erros de paridades das moedas ou qualquer outro salvo a paridade relativa ao doacutelar dos Estados Unidos da Ameacuterica em relaccedilatildeo ao Real Igualmente natildeo se responsabiliza pelos atrasos ou
indisponibilidade de serviccedilos de telecomunicaccedilatildeo interrupccedilatildeo falha ou pelas imprecisotildees no fornecimento dos serviccedilos ou informaccedilotildees Natildeo assume tambeacutem responsabilidade por qualquer perda ou dano oriundo de tais
interrupccedilotildees atrasos falhas ou imperfeiccedilotildees bem como pelo uso inadequado das informaccedilotildees contidas na transaccedilatildeo
Economia Brasileira atual dados iacutendices exportaccedilotildees importaccedilotildees inflaccedilatildeo PIB
setores da economia comeacutercio exterior importaccedilotildees saldo comercial parceiros econocircmicos produtos energia setores da economia brasileira
Economia brasileira entre as dez maiores do mundo
Introduccedilatildeo
Embora esteja passando por um momento de crise provocada principalmente por problemas poliacuteticos o Brasil ainda
apresenta uma economia forte e soacutelida O paiacutes eacute um grande produtor e exportador de mercadorias de diversos tipos
principalmente commodities minerais agriacutecolas e manufaturados As aacutereas de agricultura induacutestria e serviccedilos satildeo bem
desenvolvidas e encontram-se atualmente em bom momento de expansatildeo Considerado um paiacutes emergente o Brasil
ocupa o 9ordm lugar no ranking das maiores economias do mundo (em volume de PIB de 2016) O Brasil possui uma
economia aberta e inserida no processo de globalizaccedilatildeo
Informaccedilotildees iacutendices e dados da economia brasileira
Moeda Real (siacutembolo R$)
PIB de 2016 (Produto Interno Bruto) R$ 6267 trilhotildees ou US$ 2015 trilhotildees taxa de cacircmbio usada US$ 100 =
R$ 311 (em 07032017)
Renda per Capita de 2016 (PIB per capita) R$ 30407 ou US$ 9777 taxa de cacircmbio usada US$ 100 = R$ 311
(em 07032017)
Coeficiente de Gini 0495 (2013) alto
Evoluccedilatildeo do PIB nos uacuteltimos anos 13 (2001) 31 (2002) 12 (2003) 57 (2004) 31 (2005) 4 (2006)
6 (2007) 5 (2008) - 02 (2009) 76 (2010) 39 (2011) 1 (2012) 25 (2013) 01 (2014) -38 (2015)
-36 (2016)
Desempenho do PIB no ano de 2016 (de janeiro a dezembro) -36
Desempenho do PIB no ano de 2016 (de janeiro a marccedilo - 1ordm trimestre) -03 (em relaccedilatildeo ao trimestre anterior)
Desempenho do PIB no ano de 2016 (de abril a junho - 2ordm trimestre) -06 (em relaccedilatildeo ao trimestre anterior)
Desempenho do PIB no ano de 2016 (de julho a setembro - 3ordm trimestre) -08 (em relaccedilatildeo ao trimestre anterior)
9
Desempenho do PIB no ano de 2016 (de outubro a dezembro - 4ordm trimestre) -09 (em relaccedilatildeo ao trimestre
anterior)
PIB 2017 (1ordm trimestre) +10 (dado divulgado pelo IBGE em 01062017)
PIB 2017 (2ordm trimestre) +02 (dado divulgado pelo IBGE em 01092017)
PIB 2017 (3ordm trimestre) +01 (dado divulgado pelo IBGE em 01122017)
PIB 2017 em valores correntes No 1ordm trimestre R$ 1595 trilhatildeo (US$ 4938 bilhotildees ndash cotaccedilatildeo de 01062017 com
doacutelar a R$ 323) No 2ordm trimestre R$ 1639 trilhatildeo (US$ 5236 bilhotildees ndash cotaccedilatildeo de 01092017 com doacutelar a R$ 313)
No 3ordm trimestre R$ 1641 trilhatildeo (US$ 5018 bilhotildees - cotaccedilatildeo de 011217 com doacutelar a R$ 327)
Taxa de investimentos 164 do PIB (em 2016) 155 do PIB (no 2ordm trimestre de 2017)
Taxa de poupanccedila 139 do PIB (em 2016) 158 do PIB (no 2ordm trimestre de 2017)
Forccedila de trabalho 1042 milhotildees de trabalhadores (de agosto a outubro de 2017) 915 milhotildees ocupadas e 127
milhotildees desocupadas
Inflaccedilatildeo 629 (IPCA de 2016) | 028 (IPCA de novembro de 2017) | no acumulado do ano de 2017 (de janeiro a
novembro) 250
Taxa de desemprego 115 (taxa meacutedia anual de 2016) 122 (entre agosto e outubro de 2017) com 127 milhotildees
de desempregados
Brasileiros empregados (populaccedilatildeo ocupada) 915 milhotildees de pessoas (entre agosto e outubro de 2017 - IBGE)
Rendimento meacutedio dos trabalhadores brasileiros R$ 2127 (de agosto a outubro de 2017 - IBGE)
Taxa baacutesica de Juros do Banco Central (SELIC) 700 ao ano (referecircncia desde 06 de dezembro de 2017)
Salaacuterio Miacutenimo Nacional R$ 93700 (a partir de 1ordm de janeiro de 2017)
Diacutevida Externa US$ 315267 bilhotildees (setor puacuteblico e setor privado) - dados relativos a agosto de 2017 Fonte Banco
Central
Diacutevida Federal Externa R$ 12707 bilhotildees ou US$ 3878 bilhotildees (em outubro de 2017) - aumento de 688 em
relaccedilatildeo ao mecircs anterior
Diacutevida Puacuteblica Mobiliaacuteria Federal Interna (DPMFi) R$ 3311 trilhotildees (em outubro de 2017) - queda de 002 em
relaccedilatildeo ao mecircs anterior
Diacutevida Puacuteblica (porcentagem do PIB) 662 (em 2015)
Diacutevida puacuteblica federal em valores (diacutevida interna + externa) R$ 3438 trilhotildees (em outubro de 2017) - aumento de
022 em relaccedilatildeo ao mecircs anterior
Transaccedilotildees correntes (transaccedilotildees do Brasil com o exterior) deacuteficit de US$ 23507 bilhotildees (em dezembro de 2016)
- 13 do PIB (queda de 60 em relaccedilatildeo a 2015) No total do ano o deacuteficit foi de US$ 22 bilhotildees (122 do PIB)
Resultado primaacuterio do setor puacuteblico (uniatildeo estados e municiacutepios e suas estatais) deacuteficit de R$ 155791 bilhotildees
(em 2016) - 247 do PIB
Contas do Governo Federal (Tesouro Nacional Banco Central e Previdecircncia Social) deacuteficit de R$ 1623 bilhotildees
(em 2016) - representa 24 do PIB superaacutevit primaacuterio de R$ 5191 bilhotildees (em outubro de 2017) no acumulado de
2017 (de janeiro a outubro) deacuteficit de R$ 103243 bilhotildees
Reservas internacionais US$ 3705 bilhotildees (em outubro de 2017)
10
Produccedilatildeo industrial -66 (em 2016) em relaccedilatildeo ao ano anterior Em outubro de 2017 a atividade da induacutestria
brasileira cresceu 53 (em comparaccedilatildeo com o mesmo mecircs do ano anterior)
Arrecadaccedilatildeo federal (impostos e tributos recolhidos) R$ 1289 trilhatildeo (apoacutes abatimento da inflaccedilatildeo IPCA) no ano
de 2016 - queda de 297 em relaccedilatildeo ao ano anterior
Poupanccedila nacional bruta R$ 869 bilhotildees (ano de 2016)
Investimentos diretos no paiacutes (IDP) US$ 789 bilhotildees (em 2016) - 436 do PIB
Contas do Setor Puacuteblico (consolidado) superaacutevit primaacuterio de R$ 475 bilhotildees em outubro de 2017 Entre janeiro e
outubro de 2017 o deacuteficit eacute de R$ 7735 bilhotildees envolve governo federal estados municipios e empresas estatais
CANTINHO TEacuteCNICO
TECHNICAL CORNER
PSK31 From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
A waterfall display depicting several PSK31 transmissions at around 14070 kHz The green lines indicate a station that
is transmitting
PSK31 or Phase Shift Keying 31 Baud also BPSK31 and QPSK31 is a popular computer-sound card-generated radioteletype mode used primarily by amateur radio operators to conduct real-time keyboard-to-keyboard chat most often using frequencies in the high frequencyamateur radio bands (near-shortwave) PSK31 is distinguished from other digital modes in that it is specifically tuned to have a data rate close to typing speed and has an extremely narrow bandwidth allowing many conversations in the same bandwidth as a single voice channel This narrow bandwidth also concentrates the RF energy[citation needed] in a very narrow bandwidth allowing relatively low-power equipment (25 watts) to communicate globally using the same skywave propagation used by shortwave radio stations
Contents
[hide]
1History
2Use and implementation
11
3Resistance to interference
4Technical information
5BPSK31 and QPSK31 variants
6Spectrum efficiency compared to other modes
7Common frequencies
8References
9Further reading
10External links
History[edit]
PSK31 was developed and named by English amateur radio operator Peter Martinez (call sign G3PLX) and introduced to the wider amateur radio community in December 1998[1][2]
The 31 baud BPSK modulation system used in PSK31 was introduced by Pawel Jalocha (SP9VRC) in his SLOWBPSK program written for Motorolas EVM radio Instead of the traditional frequency-shift keying the information is transmitted by patterns of polarity-reversals (sometimes called 180-degree phase shifts) PSK31 was enthusiastically received and its usage grew like wildfire worldwide lending a new popularity and tone to the on-air conduct of digital communications[citation needed] Due to the efficiency of the mode it became and still remains especially popular with operators whose circumstances do not permit the erection of large antenna systems the use of high power or both
Use and implementation[edit]
A sample PSK31
transmission
MENU
000
The text Welcome to
Wikipedia the free
encyclopedia that anyone
can edit sent as PSK31
(QPSK)
Problems playing this file See media help
A PSK31 operator typically uses a single-sideband (SSB) transceiver connected to the sound card of a computer running PSK31 software When the operator enters a message for transmission the software produces an audio tone that sounds to the human ear like a continuous whistle with a slight warble This sound is then fed through either a microphone jack (using an intermediate resistive attenuator to reduce the sound cards output power to microphone levels) or an auxiliary connection into the transceiver from which it is transmitted [3]
From the perspective of the transmitter the sound amounts to little more than somebody whistling into the microphone However the software rapidly shifts the phase of the audio signal between two states (hence the name phase-shift keying) forming the character codes These phase shifts serve the same function as the two tones used in traditional RTTY and similar systems
To decode PSK31 the audio whistle received from the transceivers headphone output is fed into a computer sound cards audio input and software decodes it The software displays the decoded text[3]
Because PSK31 was developed for use through a computers sound card many programs have since been created to use the same technology for other modes such as RTTY Hellschreiber and Olivia MFSK So once it has been set up to run PSK31 a computer can be used to explore a variety of digital message transmission modes
12
Aside from a standard radio transceiver and a computer with a sound card very little equipment is required to use PSK31 Normally an older computer and a few cables will suffice and many PSK31 software applications are free Many operators now use a commercially available interfacemodem device (or nomic) between their computers and radios These devices incorporate the necessary impedance matching and sound level adjustment to permit the sound card output to be injected into the microphone input send the radios audio output to the sound card input and handle the radios transmit-receive switching Soundcard to radio interfaces typically use isolation transformers on both the send and receive audio paths to eliminate hum caused by ground-loops Recently introduced interfaces also incorporate their own sound card and can be powered and run from the computer via a single USB connection
Resistance to interference[edit]
Like other narrow band digital modes PSK31 can often overcome interference and poor propagation conditions in situations where voice or other methods of communication fail However PSK31 was designed only for leisure use by amateurs and due to its relatively slow speed and limited error control is not suitable for transmitting large blocks of data or text or critical data requiring high immunity from errors
PSK31 works well over propagation paths that preserve phase and resists fading (QSB) well However it can be adversely affected by propagation modesmdashsuch as transpolar pathsmdashwhere auroral flutter or multipathing can disrupt the signal phase continuity In such cases the use of QPSK (see below) is often beneficial
Some software supports PSK10 and PSK05 variants running at 10 baud and 5 baud respectively These slower speeds sacrifice throughput to provide greater resistance to noise and other interference Conversely PSK63 is increasingly used for faster exchanges especially during amateur radio contest operating
Technical information[edit]
Example of PSK31 modulation
PSK31 is typically created by software that generates an amplitude- and phase-modulated waveform that is converted to an audio frequency analog signal by a sound card In the most-commonly-used variant BPSK31 binary information is transmitted by either imparting a 180-degree phase shift (a binary zero) or no phase shift (a binary one) in each 32ms symbol interval The 180-degree phase shift for a zero bit code occurs at a null amplitude[4]
As shown in the figure a cosine filter is used to smooth the rise and fall times of the audio waveform and eliminate key clicks All subsequent amplification of the signal must be linear to preserve the modulation waveform and ensure minimum occupied bandwidth In practice this means limiting the transmit audio volume to below the level where the transmitter generates Automatic Level Control (ALC) feedback and disabling any audio compression or speech processing
The Varicode is a kind of Fibonacci code where the boundaries between character codes are marked by two or more consecutive zeros Like all Fibonacci codes since no character code contains more than one consecutive zero the software can easily identify the spaces between characters regardless of the length of the character The idle sequence sent when an operator is not typing is a continuous sequence of phase-shifts which do not print on the screen[2] Martinez arranged the character alphabet so that as in Morse code the more frequently occurring characters have the shortest encodings while rarer characters use longer encodings He named this encoding scheme varicode
PSK31s symbol rate of 3125 Hz was chosen because a normal typing speed of about 50 words per minute requires a bit rate of about 32 bits per second and specifically because 3125 Hz could easily be derived from the 8 kHz sample rate used in many DSP systems including those used in the computer sound cards
13
commonly used for PSK31 operation (3125 Hz is 8 kHz divided by 256 and so can be derived from 8 kHz by halving the frequency eight times in succession)
BPSK31 and QPSK31 variants[edit]
Colloquial usage of the term PSK31 in amateur radio usually implies the use of the most commonly used variant of PSK31 binary phase shift keying (BPSK) BPSK uses no error control but an allied mode QPSK31 quadrature phase shift keying uses four phases instead of two to provide a degree of forward error correction It is simple to switch from BPSK to QPSK if difficulties arise during a contact When QPSK is used after encoding into varicode the binary signal is further transformed into a quaternary set of phase shifts A sliding window of five bits is used to select one of the four possible phase shifts providing a means of error correction by spreading each bit of data across adjacent bits Successful decoding of an input bit requires a large number of phase shift sequences to be received causing a 20-bit 640-millisecond latency (delay) in the output of the decoder[5]
Spectrum efficiency compared to other modes[edit]
PSK31s efficiency and narrow bandwidth make it highly suitable for low-power and crowded-band operation PSK31 contacts can be conducted at less than 100 Hz separation so with disciplined operation at least twenty simultaneous PSK31 contacts can be carried out side-by-side in the 25 kHz bandwidth required for just one SSB voice contact
Common frequencies[edit]
The following amateur radio frequencies are commonly used for transmitting and receiving PSK31 signals They normally occupy the lower edge of each bands digital modes section PSK31 operators generally use upper sideband (USB) even on frequencies below 10 MHz where the convention normally calls for lower sideband This is because (a) signals then spread upwards into the digimode section from the base frequency and (b) using QPSK requires both stations to use the same sideband
PSK31 Frequencies[6]
Frequency Amateur Band
1838 MHz 160 meter
3580 MHz 80 meter
7035 MHz 40 meter (region 3)
7070 MHz 40 meter (regions 12)
10142 MHz 30 meter
14070 MHz 20 meter
14
18100 MHz 17 meter
21080 MHz 15 meter
24920 MHz 12 meter
28120 MHz 10 meter
50290 MHz 6 meter
144144 MHz 2 meter
22207 MHz 125 meter
4322 MHz 70 centimeter
909 MHz 33 centimeter
Current usage as of 2010 based on observation is centered on 707015 and 2107015 703515 is commonly used in Region 2 as of 2012 There is no authoritative list as the frequencies are determined by common convention
The IARU Region 1 Bandplan was revised in March 2009 to reflect the expanded 40 meter band The CW-only section within Europe Africa the Middle East and the former USSR is now 7000 to 7040 Region 2 - The Americas - followed in September 2013 Region 3 - South Asia and Australasia - has not yet synchronised its bandplan with Regions 1 and 2
References[edit]
1 Jump up^ The ARRL Handbook for Radio Communications 84th Ed (2007)9-13
2 ^ Jump up toa b Steven L Karty N5SK PSK31 Spec ARRL Website Retrieved 18 Dec 2010
3 ^ Jump up toa b Jacob Gillespie KD5TEN PSK31 guide Retrieved 2016-06-12
4 Jump up^ McDermott Tom (1998) Wireless Digital Communications Design and Theory Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Corporation p 50 ISBN 0-9644707-2-1
5 Jump up^ Peter Martinez G3PLX PSK31 theory Retrieved 2011-08-08
6 Jump up^ httpaintelbiehuespsk31html
Further reading[edit]
Martinez Peter PSK31 A new radio-teletype mode with a traditional philosophy (PDF) (November 1998)
Steve Ford WB8IMY (2001) Chapter 4 - PSK31 ARRLs HF digital handbook Newington CT The American Radio Relay League ISBN 0-87259-823-3
Meltz Steve The New HF Digital Modes - PSK31 QST April 1999 pp 50-51
15
Martinez Peter [1] PSK31 A New Radio-Teletype Mode RadCom December 1998 updated February 1999
External links[edit]
The Official PSK31 Page
PSK31 Setup and Operation | a PSK31 guide
PSK31 email discussion list with contests app reviews and more
European PSK Club
An online PSK31 receiver tuned to the active Ham band
Another PSK31 receiver in Ukraine
[hide]
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t
e
Amateur radio digital modes
Frequency-shift keying (FSK)
RTTY
AMTOR SITOR
PACTOR
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Packet radio (Bell 103
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16
Categories
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NOTAS SOCIAIS
ANIVERSARIANTES
Periacuteodo de 17 a 23 de dezembro de 2017
17 VILZIMAR FERREIRA GOMES CRISTALOIDE DE EDWARD SCHILLER-PT2PYC
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Periacuteodo de 17 a 23 de dezembro de 2017
Dia de Satildeo Laacutezaro
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NOTIacuteCIAS DE DX
ARRL DX Bulletin ARLD050 (2017) - ARLD050 news
SB DX ARL $ARLD050
ARLD050 DX news
ZCZC AE50
QST de W1AW
DX Bulletin 50 ARLD050
From ARRL Headquarters
Newington CT December 14 2017
To all radio amateurs
SB DX ARL ARLD050
ARLD050 DX news
This weeks bulletin was made possible with information provided by
the OPDX Bulletin 425 DX News DXNL Contest Corral from QST and
the ARRL Contest Calendar and WA7BNM web sites Thanks to all
VIET NAM 3W Dirk DF2XG is QRV as 3W9XG from Hai Phong while here
on work assignment Activity is in his spare time on 40 to 10
meters using CW His length of stay is unknown QSL via operators
instructions
GEORGIA 4L Vlad UA4WHX will soon be QRV as 4LUA4WHX Activity
will be on 40 to 17 meters using CW SSB and RTTY His length of
stay is unknown QSL to home call
18
CYPRUS 5B Alex 5B4ALX is QRV as special event station 5B4XMAS
until December 31 Activity is on 160 to 10 meters using CW SSB
and various digital modes QSL via IZ4AMS
SENEGAL 6V Members of the Amateur Radio Association of Senegal
are QRV as 6V1A from Goree Island IOTA AF-045 until December 17
Activity is on the HF bands using CW and SSB QSL via 6W7JX
BARBADOS 8P Ernest J69Z is QRV as 8P9JB until January 2 2018
Activity is on 80 to 10 meters QSL direct to home call
PALESTINE E4 Elvira IV3FSG is QRV as E44YL from Bethlehem until
December 18 Activity is on the various HF bands using SSB and
possibly digital modes QSL via IK3GES
SOUTH COOK ISLANDS E5 Mauri AG1LE is QRV as E51DXX from
Rarotonga IOTA OC-013 until December 29 Activity is holiday
style on the HF bands using SSB PSK31 and FT8 QSL to home call
CANARY ISLANDS EA8 Rieder HB9FIH is QRV as EA8HB9FIH from El
Hierro Island IOTA AF-004 until the end of March 2018 Activity
is on 80 to 10 meters and possibly 6 meters using CW RTTY PSK
and some SSB QSL to home call
SOLOMON ISLANDS H4 Shane VK4KHZ is QRV as H44DA from Busone
Malaita Province until early January 2018 Activity is on 80 to 10
meters and satellite SO-50 but with a primary emphasis on 6
meters QSL direct to home call
REPUBLIC OF KOREA HL Special event call DT23WOP is QRV until
February 28 2018 during the Winter Olympic Games that will be held
here QSL via HL1IWD
DJIBOUTI J2 Dane S53T is QRV as J28ND until December 17
Activity is in his spare time on the HF bands using CW SSB and
RTTY QSL via S57DX
SVALBARD JW Morten LA4JSA is QRV as JW4JSA from Bear Island
IOTA EU-027 until June 1 2018 while on work assignment Activity
is in his spare time on the various HF bands QSL to home call
BELGIUM ON Members of the Club Radio Durnal will be QRV as
OT100BCA on December 17 from the Royal Castle of Laeken QSL via
ON4RCD
POLAND SP Special event station SN20WHL is QRV until December 20
to draw attention to the city of Torun that was put on the UNESCO
World Heritage List 20 years ago QSL via SP2TMT
CORSICA TK Georg NZ1C will be QRV as TKNZ1C from December 16 to
24 Activity will be holiday style on 40 to 10 meters using mainly
CW with some SSB RTTY PSK and FT8 QSL via DD5ZZ
19
UKRAINE UR Members of the amateur radio club Band are QRV as
EM25IWW until the end of the year to celebrate the clubs 25th
anniversary QSL via UR7IWW
INDIA VU Members of the Manipal Institute of Technology radio
club are QRV as AT6MIT until January 7 2018 to celebrate the
institutions 60th anniversary QSL via VU3BUN
ROMANIA YO Special event station YP2018HNY will be QRV from
December 15 to January 15 2018 to celebrate Christmas and the New
Year 2018 Activity will be on the HF bands QSL via YO3KPA
THIS WEEKEND ON THE RADIO The ARRL CW Rookie Roundup NCCC RTTY
Sprint 80-Meter QRP CW Fox Hunt NCCC CW Sprint UN DIGI Contest
AGB-Party Contest Russian 160-Meter Contest Feld Hell Sprint OK
DX RTTY Contest Padang DX Contest and the Croatian CW Contest are
all on tap for this upcoming weekend
The Run for the Bacon QRP CW Contest is scheduled for December 18
The CWops Mini-CWT CW Test Phone Fray and 40-Meter QRP CW Fox Hunt
are scheduled for December 20
Please see December QST page 73 and the ARRL and WA7BNM Contest
Web Sites for detailsNNNN EX
SK ndash SILENT KEY ndash PASSAMENTOS
Nihil
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ENCERRAMENTO
AGRADECEMOS AOS COLEGAS QUE ESTIVERAM ACOMPANHANDO NA NOSSA
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MONITORANDO E A TODOS AQUELES QUE DE UMA MANEIRA OU DE OUTRA
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FALHAS CRIacuteTICAS E APOIO DEVEM SER DIRIGIDOS AO DIRETOR DE
RADIOAMADORISMO RENDY-PT2IQ QUE AS ANALISARAacute E RESPONDERAacute SE
NECESSAacuteRIO ESTE QTC LABRE-DF OBSERVA SEMPRE O DIREITO DE CRIacuteTICA E
RESPOSTA NO MESMO ESPACcedilO UTILIZADO PARA A NOTA CONTESTADA SEMPRE
LEMBRANDO QUE O DIREITO TEM DUAS MAtildeOS DE DIRECcedilAtildeO
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PT2GTI ROBERTO FRANCA STUCKERT
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7
No total de 9123567 de celulares que estavam bloqueados em novembro deste ano estatildeo aparelhos
impedidos por solicitaccedilatildeo direta dos usuaacuterios agraves empresas ou pelo registro de Boletim de Ocorrecircncia
junto agraves poliacutecias dos governos dos estados e do Distrito Federal
No Brasil em novembro deste ano eram 8975969 celulares impedidos por solicitaccedilatildeo direta de
usuaacuterios aumento de 103441 ou 117 em relaccedilatildeo a outubro de 2017 Nos uacuteltimos 12 meses os
usuaacuterios das operadoras de telefonia moacutevel solicitaram o bloqueio de mais de 1447689 aparelhos
Oacutergatildeos de seguranccedila
As poliacutecias estaduais e do Distrito Federal bloquearam 147598 celulares no Cemi ateacute novembro deste
ano Nos uacuteltimos 12 meses foram bloqueados 138769 aparelhos trabalho realizado em conjunto das
empresas e a aacutereas de seguranccedila dos estados
O maior nuacutemero de celulares bloqueados pelos oacutergatildeos de seguranccedila foram nos estados de Satildeo Paulo
90277 aparelhos Rio de Janeiro com 23289 e o Espiacuterito Santo com 9999 terminais
Desde marccedilo de 2016 quando comeccedilou a funcionar o sistema 23 secretarias de seguranccedila dos estados
e a do Distrito Federal jaacute assinaram o convecircnio com a Anatel para inscriccedilatildeo no Cemi Somente cinco
estados ainda natildeo firmaram o termo de adesatildeo ao Cadastro
Exterior
O sistema de bloqueio de celulares do Cemi eacute integrado agrave GSM Association base internacional de
aparelhos impedidos Os celulares bloqueados por operadoras no exterior totalizaram 39732184 no mecircs
de novembro deste ano Um aumento de 692196 ou 177 se comparado ao mecircs anterior Nos uacuteltimos
12 meses foram bloqueados mais 4584138 celulares ou 1304 pela GSM
O Cemi eacute supervisionado pela Anatel operacionalizado pela ABRTelecom e implementado pelas
prestadoras da telefonia moacutevel
COMO ESTAacute A ECONOMIA BRASILEIRA Doacutelar americano Cotaccedilatildeo de fechamento do doacutelar no dia 15122017 Sexta-feira
Doacutelar-dos-EUA
Data Taxa de Compra Taxa de Venda
15122017 33176 33182
8
O Banco Central natildeo assume qualquer responsabilidade pela natildeo simultaneidade ou falta das informaccedilotildees
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Economia Brasileira atual dados iacutendices exportaccedilotildees importaccedilotildees inflaccedilatildeo PIB
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Economia brasileira entre as dez maiores do mundo
Introduccedilatildeo
Embora esteja passando por um momento de crise provocada principalmente por problemas poliacuteticos o Brasil ainda
apresenta uma economia forte e soacutelida O paiacutes eacute um grande produtor e exportador de mercadorias de diversos tipos
principalmente commodities minerais agriacutecolas e manufaturados As aacutereas de agricultura induacutestria e serviccedilos satildeo bem
desenvolvidas e encontram-se atualmente em bom momento de expansatildeo Considerado um paiacutes emergente o Brasil
ocupa o 9ordm lugar no ranking das maiores economias do mundo (em volume de PIB de 2016) O Brasil possui uma
economia aberta e inserida no processo de globalizaccedilatildeo
Informaccedilotildees iacutendices e dados da economia brasileira
Moeda Real (siacutembolo R$)
PIB de 2016 (Produto Interno Bruto) R$ 6267 trilhotildees ou US$ 2015 trilhotildees taxa de cacircmbio usada US$ 100 =
R$ 311 (em 07032017)
Renda per Capita de 2016 (PIB per capita) R$ 30407 ou US$ 9777 taxa de cacircmbio usada US$ 100 = R$ 311
(em 07032017)
Coeficiente de Gini 0495 (2013) alto
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6 (2007) 5 (2008) - 02 (2009) 76 (2010) 39 (2011) 1 (2012) 25 (2013) 01 (2014) -38 (2015)
-36 (2016)
Desempenho do PIB no ano de 2016 (de janeiro a dezembro) -36
Desempenho do PIB no ano de 2016 (de janeiro a marccedilo - 1ordm trimestre) -03 (em relaccedilatildeo ao trimestre anterior)
Desempenho do PIB no ano de 2016 (de abril a junho - 2ordm trimestre) -06 (em relaccedilatildeo ao trimestre anterior)
Desempenho do PIB no ano de 2016 (de julho a setembro - 3ordm trimestre) -08 (em relaccedilatildeo ao trimestre anterior)
9
Desempenho do PIB no ano de 2016 (de outubro a dezembro - 4ordm trimestre) -09 (em relaccedilatildeo ao trimestre
anterior)
PIB 2017 (1ordm trimestre) +10 (dado divulgado pelo IBGE em 01062017)
PIB 2017 (2ordm trimestre) +02 (dado divulgado pelo IBGE em 01092017)
PIB 2017 (3ordm trimestre) +01 (dado divulgado pelo IBGE em 01122017)
PIB 2017 em valores correntes No 1ordm trimestre R$ 1595 trilhatildeo (US$ 4938 bilhotildees ndash cotaccedilatildeo de 01062017 com
doacutelar a R$ 323) No 2ordm trimestre R$ 1639 trilhatildeo (US$ 5236 bilhotildees ndash cotaccedilatildeo de 01092017 com doacutelar a R$ 313)
No 3ordm trimestre R$ 1641 trilhatildeo (US$ 5018 bilhotildees - cotaccedilatildeo de 011217 com doacutelar a R$ 327)
Taxa de investimentos 164 do PIB (em 2016) 155 do PIB (no 2ordm trimestre de 2017)
Taxa de poupanccedila 139 do PIB (em 2016) 158 do PIB (no 2ordm trimestre de 2017)
Forccedila de trabalho 1042 milhotildees de trabalhadores (de agosto a outubro de 2017) 915 milhotildees ocupadas e 127
milhotildees desocupadas
Inflaccedilatildeo 629 (IPCA de 2016) | 028 (IPCA de novembro de 2017) | no acumulado do ano de 2017 (de janeiro a
novembro) 250
Taxa de desemprego 115 (taxa meacutedia anual de 2016) 122 (entre agosto e outubro de 2017) com 127 milhotildees
de desempregados
Brasileiros empregados (populaccedilatildeo ocupada) 915 milhotildees de pessoas (entre agosto e outubro de 2017 - IBGE)
Rendimento meacutedio dos trabalhadores brasileiros R$ 2127 (de agosto a outubro de 2017 - IBGE)
Taxa baacutesica de Juros do Banco Central (SELIC) 700 ao ano (referecircncia desde 06 de dezembro de 2017)
Salaacuterio Miacutenimo Nacional R$ 93700 (a partir de 1ordm de janeiro de 2017)
Diacutevida Externa US$ 315267 bilhotildees (setor puacuteblico e setor privado) - dados relativos a agosto de 2017 Fonte Banco
Central
Diacutevida Federal Externa R$ 12707 bilhotildees ou US$ 3878 bilhotildees (em outubro de 2017) - aumento de 688 em
relaccedilatildeo ao mecircs anterior
Diacutevida Puacuteblica Mobiliaacuteria Federal Interna (DPMFi) R$ 3311 trilhotildees (em outubro de 2017) - queda de 002 em
relaccedilatildeo ao mecircs anterior
Diacutevida Puacuteblica (porcentagem do PIB) 662 (em 2015)
Diacutevida puacuteblica federal em valores (diacutevida interna + externa) R$ 3438 trilhotildees (em outubro de 2017) - aumento de
022 em relaccedilatildeo ao mecircs anterior
Transaccedilotildees correntes (transaccedilotildees do Brasil com o exterior) deacuteficit de US$ 23507 bilhotildees (em dezembro de 2016)
- 13 do PIB (queda de 60 em relaccedilatildeo a 2015) No total do ano o deacuteficit foi de US$ 22 bilhotildees (122 do PIB)
Resultado primaacuterio do setor puacuteblico (uniatildeo estados e municiacutepios e suas estatais) deacuteficit de R$ 155791 bilhotildees
(em 2016) - 247 do PIB
Contas do Governo Federal (Tesouro Nacional Banco Central e Previdecircncia Social) deacuteficit de R$ 1623 bilhotildees
(em 2016) - representa 24 do PIB superaacutevit primaacuterio de R$ 5191 bilhotildees (em outubro de 2017) no acumulado de
2017 (de janeiro a outubro) deacuteficit de R$ 103243 bilhotildees
Reservas internacionais US$ 3705 bilhotildees (em outubro de 2017)
10
Produccedilatildeo industrial -66 (em 2016) em relaccedilatildeo ao ano anterior Em outubro de 2017 a atividade da induacutestria
brasileira cresceu 53 (em comparaccedilatildeo com o mesmo mecircs do ano anterior)
Arrecadaccedilatildeo federal (impostos e tributos recolhidos) R$ 1289 trilhatildeo (apoacutes abatimento da inflaccedilatildeo IPCA) no ano
de 2016 - queda de 297 em relaccedilatildeo ao ano anterior
Poupanccedila nacional bruta R$ 869 bilhotildees (ano de 2016)
Investimentos diretos no paiacutes (IDP) US$ 789 bilhotildees (em 2016) - 436 do PIB
Contas do Setor Puacuteblico (consolidado) superaacutevit primaacuterio de R$ 475 bilhotildees em outubro de 2017 Entre janeiro e
outubro de 2017 o deacuteficit eacute de R$ 7735 bilhotildees envolve governo federal estados municipios e empresas estatais
CANTINHO TEacuteCNICO
TECHNICAL CORNER
PSK31 From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
A waterfall display depicting several PSK31 transmissions at around 14070 kHz The green lines indicate a station that
is transmitting
PSK31 or Phase Shift Keying 31 Baud also BPSK31 and QPSK31 is a popular computer-sound card-generated radioteletype mode used primarily by amateur radio operators to conduct real-time keyboard-to-keyboard chat most often using frequencies in the high frequencyamateur radio bands (near-shortwave) PSK31 is distinguished from other digital modes in that it is specifically tuned to have a data rate close to typing speed and has an extremely narrow bandwidth allowing many conversations in the same bandwidth as a single voice channel This narrow bandwidth also concentrates the RF energy[citation needed] in a very narrow bandwidth allowing relatively low-power equipment (25 watts) to communicate globally using the same skywave propagation used by shortwave radio stations
Contents
[hide]
1History
2Use and implementation
11
3Resistance to interference
4Technical information
5BPSK31 and QPSK31 variants
6Spectrum efficiency compared to other modes
7Common frequencies
8References
9Further reading
10External links
History[edit]
PSK31 was developed and named by English amateur radio operator Peter Martinez (call sign G3PLX) and introduced to the wider amateur radio community in December 1998[1][2]
The 31 baud BPSK modulation system used in PSK31 was introduced by Pawel Jalocha (SP9VRC) in his SLOWBPSK program written for Motorolas EVM radio Instead of the traditional frequency-shift keying the information is transmitted by patterns of polarity-reversals (sometimes called 180-degree phase shifts) PSK31 was enthusiastically received and its usage grew like wildfire worldwide lending a new popularity and tone to the on-air conduct of digital communications[citation needed] Due to the efficiency of the mode it became and still remains especially popular with operators whose circumstances do not permit the erection of large antenna systems the use of high power or both
Use and implementation[edit]
A sample PSK31
transmission
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The text Welcome to
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A PSK31 operator typically uses a single-sideband (SSB) transceiver connected to the sound card of a computer running PSK31 software When the operator enters a message for transmission the software produces an audio tone that sounds to the human ear like a continuous whistle with a slight warble This sound is then fed through either a microphone jack (using an intermediate resistive attenuator to reduce the sound cards output power to microphone levels) or an auxiliary connection into the transceiver from which it is transmitted [3]
From the perspective of the transmitter the sound amounts to little more than somebody whistling into the microphone However the software rapidly shifts the phase of the audio signal between two states (hence the name phase-shift keying) forming the character codes These phase shifts serve the same function as the two tones used in traditional RTTY and similar systems
To decode PSK31 the audio whistle received from the transceivers headphone output is fed into a computer sound cards audio input and software decodes it The software displays the decoded text[3]
Because PSK31 was developed for use through a computers sound card many programs have since been created to use the same technology for other modes such as RTTY Hellschreiber and Olivia MFSK So once it has been set up to run PSK31 a computer can be used to explore a variety of digital message transmission modes
12
Aside from a standard radio transceiver and a computer with a sound card very little equipment is required to use PSK31 Normally an older computer and a few cables will suffice and many PSK31 software applications are free Many operators now use a commercially available interfacemodem device (or nomic) between their computers and radios These devices incorporate the necessary impedance matching and sound level adjustment to permit the sound card output to be injected into the microphone input send the radios audio output to the sound card input and handle the radios transmit-receive switching Soundcard to radio interfaces typically use isolation transformers on both the send and receive audio paths to eliminate hum caused by ground-loops Recently introduced interfaces also incorporate their own sound card and can be powered and run from the computer via a single USB connection
Resistance to interference[edit]
Like other narrow band digital modes PSK31 can often overcome interference and poor propagation conditions in situations where voice or other methods of communication fail However PSK31 was designed only for leisure use by amateurs and due to its relatively slow speed and limited error control is not suitable for transmitting large blocks of data or text or critical data requiring high immunity from errors
PSK31 works well over propagation paths that preserve phase and resists fading (QSB) well However it can be adversely affected by propagation modesmdashsuch as transpolar pathsmdashwhere auroral flutter or multipathing can disrupt the signal phase continuity In such cases the use of QPSK (see below) is often beneficial
Some software supports PSK10 and PSK05 variants running at 10 baud and 5 baud respectively These slower speeds sacrifice throughput to provide greater resistance to noise and other interference Conversely PSK63 is increasingly used for faster exchanges especially during amateur radio contest operating
Technical information[edit]
Example of PSK31 modulation
PSK31 is typically created by software that generates an amplitude- and phase-modulated waveform that is converted to an audio frequency analog signal by a sound card In the most-commonly-used variant BPSK31 binary information is transmitted by either imparting a 180-degree phase shift (a binary zero) or no phase shift (a binary one) in each 32ms symbol interval The 180-degree phase shift for a zero bit code occurs at a null amplitude[4]
As shown in the figure a cosine filter is used to smooth the rise and fall times of the audio waveform and eliminate key clicks All subsequent amplification of the signal must be linear to preserve the modulation waveform and ensure minimum occupied bandwidth In practice this means limiting the transmit audio volume to below the level where the transmitter generates Automatic Level Control (ALC) feedback and disabling any audio compression or speech processing
The Varicode is a kind of Fibonacci code where the boundaries between character codes are marked by two or more consecutive zeros Like all Fibonacci codes since no character code contains more than one consecutive zero the software can easily identify the spaces between characters regardless of the length of the character The idle sequence sent when an operator is not typing is a continuous sequence of phase-shifts which do not print on the screen[2] Martinez arranged the character alphabet so that as in Morse code the more frequently occurring characters have the shortest encodings while rarer characters use longer encodings He named this encoding scheme varicode
PSK31s symbol rate of 3125 Hz was chosen because a normal typing speed of about 50 words per minute requires a bit rate of about 32 bits per second and specifically because 3125 Hz could easily be derived from the 8 kHz sample rate used in many DSP systems including those used in the computer sound cards
13
commonly used for PSK31 operation (3125 Hz is 8 kHz divided by 256 and so can be derived from 8 kHz by halving the frequency eight times in succession)
BPSK31 and QPSK31 variants[edit]
Colloquial usage of the term PSK31 in amateur radio usually implies the use of the most commonly used variant of PSK31 binary phase shift keying (BPSK) BPSK uses no error control but an allied mode QPSK31 quadrature phase shift keying uses four phases instead of two to provide a degree of forward error correction It is simple to switch from BPSK to QPSK if difficulties arise during a contact When QPSK is used after encoding into varicode the binary signal is further transformed into a quaternary set of phase shifts A sliding window of five bits is used to select one of the four possible phase shifts providing a means of error correction by spreading each bit of data across adjacent bits Successful decoding of an input bit requires a large number of phase shift sequences to be received causing a 20-bit 640-millisecond latency (delay) in the output of the decoder[5]
Spectrum efficiency compared to other modes[edit]
PSK31s efficiency and narrow bandwidth make it highly suitable for low-power and crowded-band operation PSK31 contacts can be conducted at less than 100 Hz separation so with disciplined operation at least twenty simultaneous PSK31 contacts can be carried out side-by-side in the 25 kHz bandwidth required for just one SSB voice contact
Common frequencies[edit]
The following amateur radio frequencies are commonly used for transmitting and receiving PSK31 signals They normally occupy the lower edge of each bands digital modes section PSK31 operators generally use upper sideband (USB) even on frequencies below 10 MHz where the convention normally calls for lower sideband This is because (a) signals then spread upwards into the digimode section from the base frequency and (b) using QPSK requires both stations to use the same sideband
PSK31 Frequencies[6]
Frequency Amateur Band
1838 MHz 160 meter
3580 MHz 80 meter
7035 MHz 40 meter (region 3)
7070 MHz 40 meter (regions 12)
10142 MHz 30 meter
14070 MHz 20 meter
14
18100 MHz 17 meter
21080 MHz 15 meter
24920 MHz 12 meter
28120 MHz 10 meter
50290 MHz 6 meter
144144 MHz 2 meter
22207 MHz 125 meter
4322 MHz 70 centimeter
909 MHz 33 centimeter
Current usage as of 2010 based on observation is centered on 707015 and 2107015 703515 is commonly used in Region 2 as of 2012 There is no authoritative list as the frequencies are determined by common convention
The IARU Region 1 Bandplan was revised in March 2009 to reflect the expanded 40 meter band The CW-only section within Europe Africa the Middle East and the former USSR is now 7000 to 7040 Region 2 - The Americas - followed in September 2013 Region 3 - South Asia and Australasia - has not yet synchronised its bandplan with Regions 1 and 2
References[edit]
1 Jump up^ The ARRL Handbook for Radio Communications 84th Ed (2007)9-13
2 ^ Jump up toa b Steven L Karty N5SK PSK31 Spec ARRL Website Retrieved 18 Dec 2010
3 ^ Jump up toa b Jacob Gillespie KD5TEN PSK31 guide Retrieved 2016-06-12
4 Jump up^ McDermott Tom (1998) Wireless Digital Communications Design and Theory Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Corporation p 50 ISBN 0-9644707-2-1
5 Jump up^ Peter Martinez G3PLX PSK31 theory Retrieved 2011-08-08
6 Jump up^ httpaintelbiehuespsk31html
Further reading[edit]
Martinez Peter PSK31 A new radio-teletype mode with a traditional philosophy (PDF) (November 1998)
Steve Ford WB8IMY (2001) Chapter 4 - PSK31 ARRLs HF digital handbook Newington CT The American Radio Relay League ISBN 0-87259-823-3
Meltz Steve The New HF Digital Modes - PSK31 QST April 1999 pp 50-51
15
Martinez Peter [1] PSK31 A New Radio-Teletype Mode RadCom December 1998 updated February 1999
External links[edit]
The Official PSK31 Page
PSK31 Setup and Operation | a PSK31 guide
PSK31 email discussion list with contests app reviews and more
European PSK Club
An online PSK31 receiver tuned to the active Ham band
Another PSK31 receiver in Ukraine
[hide]
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Amateur radio digital modes
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16
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To all radio amateurs
SB DX ARL ARLD050
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This weeks bulletin was made possible with information provided by
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VIET NAM 3W Dirk DF2XG is QRV as 3W9XG from Hai Phong while here
on work assignment Activity is in his spare time on 40 to 10
meters using CW His length of stay is unknown QSL via operators
instructions
GEORGIA 4L Vlad UA4WHX will soon be QRV as 4LUA4WHX Activity
will be on 40 to 17 meters using CW SSB and RTTY His length of
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18
CYPRUS 5B Alex 5B4ALX is QRV as special event station 5B4XMAS
until December 31 Activity is on 160 to 10 meters using CW SSB
and various digital modes QSL via IZ4AMS
SENEGAL 6V Members of the Amateur Radio Association of Senegal
are QRV as 6V1A from Goree Island IOTA AF-045 until December 17
Activity is on the HF bands using CW and SSB QSL via 6W7JX
BARBADOS 8P Ernest J69Z is QRV as 8P9JB until January 2 2018
Activity is on 80 to 10 meters QSL direct to home call
PALESTINE E4 Elvira IV3FSG is QRV as E44YL from Bethlehem until
December 18 Activity is on the various HF bands using SSB and
possibly digital modes QSL via IK3GES
SOUTH COOK ISLANDS E5 Mauri AG1LE is QRV as E51DXX from
Rarotonga IOTA OC-013 until December 29 Activity is holiday
style on the HF bands using SSB PSK31 and FT8 QSL to home call
CANARY ISLANDS EA8 Rieder HB9FIH is QRV as EA8HB9FIH from El
Hierro Island IOTA AF-004 until the end of March 2018 Activity
is on 80 to 10 meters and possibly 6 meters using CW RTTY PSK
and some SSB QSL to home call
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REPUBLIC OF KOREA HL Special event call DT23WOP is QRV until
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here QSL via HL1IWD
DJIBOUTI J2 Dane S53T is QRV as J28ND until December 17
Activity is in his spare time on the HF bands using CW SSB and
RTTY QSL via S57DX
SVALBARD JW Morten LA4JSA is QRV as JW4JSA from Bear Island
IOTA EU-027 until June 1 2018 while on work assignment Activity
is in his spare time on the various HF bands QSL to home call
BELGIUM ON Members of the Club Radio Durnal will be QRV as
OT100BCA on December 17 from the Royal Castle of Laeken QSL via
ON4RCD
POLAND SP Special event station SN20WHL is QRV until December 20
to draw attention to the city of Torun that was put on the UNESCO
World Heritage List 20 years ago QSL via SP2TMT
CORSICA TK Georg NZ1C will be QRV as TKNZ1C from December 16 to
24 Activity will be holiday style on 40 to 10 meters using mainly
CW with some SSB RTTY PSK and FT8 QSL via DD5ZZ
19
UKRAINE UR Members of the amateur radio club Band are QRV as
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THIS WEEKEND ON THE RADIO The ARRL CW Rookie Roundup NCCC RTTY
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8
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9
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Reservas internacionais US$ 3705 bilhotildees (em outubro de 2017)
10
Produccedilatildeo industrial -66 (em 2016) em relaccedilatildeo ao ano anterior Em outubro de 2017 a atividade da induacutestria
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PSK31 From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
A waterfall display depicting several PSK31 transmissions at around 14070 kHz The green lines indicate a station that
is transmitting
PSK31 or Phase Shift Keying 31 Baud also BPSK31 and QPSK31 is a popular computer-sound card-generated radioteletype mode used primarily by amateur radio operators to conduct real-time keyboard-to-keyboard chat most often using frequencies in the high frequencyamateur radio bands (near-shortwave) PSK31 is distinguished from other digital modes in that it is specifically tuned to have a data rate close to typing speed and has an extremely narrow bandwidth allowing many conversations in the same bandwidth as a single voice channel This narrow bandwidth also concentrates the RF energy[citation needed] in a very narrow bandwidth allowing relatively low-power equipment (25 watts) to communicate globally using the same skywave propagation used by shortwave radio stations
Contents
[hide]
1History
2Use and implementation
11
3Resistance to interference
4Technical information
5BPSK31 and QPSK31 variants
6Spectrum efficiency compared to other modes
7Common frequencies
8References
9Further reading
10External links
History[edit]
PSK31 was developed and named by English amateur radio operator Peter Martinez (call sign G3PLX) and introduced to the wider amateur radio community in December 1998[1][2]
The 31 baud BPSK modulation system used in PSK31 was introduced by Pawel Jalocha (SP9VRC) in his SLOWBPSK program written for Motorolas EVM radio Instead of the traditional frequency-shift keying the information is transmitted by patterns of polarity-reversals (sometimes called 180-degree phase shifts) PSK31 was enthusiastically received and its usage grew like wildfire worldwide lending a new popularity and tone to the on-air conduct of digital communications[citation needed] Due to the efficiency of the mode it became and still remains especially popular with operators whose circumstances do not permit the erection of large antenna systems the use of high power or both
Use and implementation[edit]
A sample PSK31
transmission
MENU
000
The text Welcome to
Wikipedia the free
encyclopedia that anyone
can edit sent as PSK31
(QPSK)
Problems playing this file See media help
A PSK31 operator typically uses a single-sideband (SSB) transceiver connected to the sound card of a computer running PSK31 software When the operator enters a message for transmission the software produces an audio tone that sounds to the human ear like a continuous whistle with a slight warble This sound is then fed through either a microphone jack (using an intermediate resistive attenuator to reduce the sound cards output power to microphone levels) or an auxiliary connection into the transceiver from which it is transmitted [3]
From the perspective of the transmitter the sound amounts to little more than somebody whistling into the microphone However the software rapidly shifts the phase of the audio signal between two states (hence the name phase-shift keying) forming the character codes These phase shifts serve the same function as the two tones used in traditional RTTY and similar systems
To decode PSK31 the audio whistle received from the transceivers headphone output is fed into a computer sound cards audio input and software decodes it The software displays the decoded text[3]
Because PSK31 was developed for use through a computers sound card many programs have since been created to use the same technology for other modes such as RTTY Hellschreiber and Olivia MFSK So once it has been set up to run PSK31 a computer can be used to explore a variety of digital message transmission modes
12
Aside from a standard radio transceiver and a computer with a sound card very little equipment is required to use PSK31 Normally an older computer and a few cables will suffice and many PSK31 software applications are free Many operators now use a commercially available interfacemodem device (or nomic) between their computers and radios These devices incorporate the necessary impedance matching and sound level adjustment to permit the sound card output to be injected into the microphone input send the radios audio output to the sound card input and handle the radios transmit-receive switching Soundcard to radio interfaces typically use isolation transformers on both the send and receive audio paths to eliminate hum caused by ground-loops Recently introduced interfaces also incorporate their own sound card and can be powered and run from the computer via a single USB connection
Resistance to interference[edit]
Like other narrow band digital modes PSK31 can often overcome interference and poor propagation conditions in situations where voice or other methods of communication fail However PSK31 was designed only for leisure use by amateurs and due to its relatively slow speed and limited error control is not suitable for transmitting large blocks of data or text or critical data requiring high immunity from errors
PSK31 works well over propagation paths that preserve phase and resists fading (QSB) well However it can be adversely affected by propagation modesmdashsuch as transpolar pathsmdashwhere auroral flutter or multipathing can disrupt the signal phase continuity In such cases the use of QPSK (see below) is often beneficial
Some software supports PSK10 and PSK05 variants running at 10 baud and 5 baud respectively These slower speeds sacrifice throughput to provide greater resistance to noise and other interference Conversely PSK63 is increasingly used for faster exchanges especially during amateur radio contest operating
Technical information[edit]
Example of PSK31 modulation
PSK31 is typically created by software that generates an amplitude- and phase-modulated waveform that is converted to an audio frequency analog signal by a sound card In the most-commonly-used variant BPSK31 binary information is transmitted by either imparting a 180-degree phase shift (a binary zero) or no phase shift (a binary one) in each 32ms symbol interval The 180-degree phase shift for a zero bit code occurs at a null amplitude[4]
As shown in the figure a cosine filter is used to smooth the rise and fall times of the audio waveform and eliminate key clicks All subsequent amplification of the signal must be linear to preserve the modulation waveform and ensure minimum occupied bandwidth In practice this means limiting the transmit audio volume to below the level where the transmitter generates Automatic Level Control (ALC) feedback and disabling any audio compression or speech processing
The Varicode is a kind of Fibonacci code where the boundaries between character codes are marked by two or more consecutive zeros Like all Fibonacci codes since no character code contains more than one consecutive zero the software can easily identify the spaces between characters regardless of the length of the character The idle sequence sent when an operator is not typing is a continuous sequence of phase-shifts which do not print on the screen[2] Martinez arranged the character alphabet so that as in Morse code the more frequently occurring characters have the shortest encodings while rarer characters use longer encodings He named this encoding scheme varicode
PSK31s symbol rate of 3125 Hz was chosen because a normal typing speed of about 50 words per minute requires a bit rate of about 32 bits per second and specifically because 3125 Hz could easily be derived from the 8 kHz sample rate used in many DSP systems including those used in the computer sound cards
13
commonly used for PSK31 operation (3125 Hz is 8 kHz divided by 256 and so can be derived from 8 kHz by halving the frequency eight times in succession)
BPSK31 and QPSK31 variants[edit]
Colloquial usage of the term PSK31 in amateur radio usually implies the use of the most commonly used variant of PSK31 binary phase shift keying (BPSK) BPSK uses no error control but an allied mode QPSK31 quadrature phase shift keying uses four phases instead of two to provide a degree of forward error correction It is simple to switch from BPSK to QPSK if difficulties arise during a contact When QPSK is used after encoding into varicode the binary signal is further transformed into a quaternary set of phase shifts A sliding window of five bits is used to select one of the four possible phase shifts providing a means of error correction by spreading each bit of data across adjacent bits Successful decoding of an input bit requires a large number of phase shift sequences to be received causing a 20-bit 640-millisecond latency (delay) in the output of the decoder[5]
Spectrum efficiency compared to other modes[edit]
PSK31s efficiency and narrow bandwidth make it highly suitable for low-power and crowded-band operation PSK31 contacts can be conducted at less than 100 Hz separation so with disciplined operation at least twenty simultaneous PSK31 contacts can be carried out side-by-side in the 25 kHz bandwidth required for just one SSB voice contact
Common frequencies[edit]
The following amateur radio frequencies are commonly used for transmitting and receiving PSK31 signals They normally occupy the lower edge of each bands digital modes section PSK31 operators generally use upper sideband (USB) even on frequencies below 10 MHz where the convention normally calls for lower sideband This is because (a) signals then spread upwards into the digimode section from the base frequency and (b) using QPSK requires both stations to use the same sideband
PSK31 Frequencies[6]
Frequency Amateur Band
1838 MHz 160 meter
3580 MHz 80 meter
7035 MHz 40 meter (region 3)
7070 MHz 40 meter (regions 12)
10142 MHz 30 meter
14070 MHz 20 meter
14
18100 MHz 17 meter
21080 MHz 15 meter
24920 MHz 12 meter
28120 MHz 10 meter
50290 MHz 6 meter
144144 MHz 2 meter
22207 MHz 125 meter
4322 MHz 70 centimeter
909 MHz 33 centimeter
Current usage as of 2010 based on observation is centered on 707015 and 2107015 703515 is commonly used in Region 2 as of 2012 There is no authoritative list as the frequencies are determined by common convention
The IARU Region 1 Bandplan was revised in March 2009 to reflect the expanded 40 meter band The CW-only section within Europe Africa the Middle East and the former USSR is now 7000 to 7040 Region 2 - The Americas - followed in September 2013 Region 3 - South Asia and Australasia - has not yet synchronised its bandplan with Regions 1 and 2
References[edit]
1 Jump up^ The ARRL Handbook for Radio Communications 84th Ed (2007)9-13
2 ^ Jump up toa b Steven L Karty N5SK PSK31 Spec ARRL Website Retrieved 18 Dec 2010
3 ^ Jump up toa b Jacob Gillespie KD5TEN PSK31 guide Retrieved 2016-06-12
4 Jump up^ McDermott Tom (1998) Wireless Digital Communications Design and Theory Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Corporation p 50 ISBN 0-9644707-2-1
5 Jump up^ Peter Martinez G3PLX PSK31 theory Retrieved 2011-08-08
6 Jump up^ httpaintelbiehuespsk31html
Further reading[edit]
Martinez Peter PSK31 A new radio-teletype mode with a traditional philosophy (PDF) (November 1998)
Steve Ford WB8IMY (2001) Chapter 4 - PSK31 ARRLs HF digital handbook Newington CT The American Radio Relay League ISBN 0-87259-823-3
Meltz Steve The New HF Digital Modes - PSK31 QST April 1999 pp 50-51
15
Martinez Peter [1] PSK31 A New Radio-Teletype Mode RadCom December 1998 updated February 1999
External links[edit]
The Official PSK31 Page
PSK31 Setup and Operation | a PSK31 guide
PSK31 email discussion list with contests app reviews and more
European PSK Club
An online PSK31 receiver tuned to the active Ham band
Another PSK31 receiver in Ukraine
[hide]
v
t
e
Amateur radio digital modes
Frequency-shift keying (FSK)
RTTY
AMTOR SITOR
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CLOVER2000
Packet radio (Bell 103
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Contestia
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16
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ANIVERSARIANTES
Periacuteodo de 17 a 23 de dezembro de 2017
17 VILZIMAR FERREIRA GOMES CRISTALOIDE DE EDWARD SCHILLER-PT2PYC
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Periacuteodo de 17 a 23 de dezembro de 2017
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NOTIacuteCIAS DE DX
ARRL DX Bulletin ARLD050 (2017) - ARLD050 news
SB DX ARL $ARLD050
ARLD050 DX news
ZCZC AE50
QST de W1AW
DX Bulletin 50 ARLD050
From ARRL Headquarters
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To all radio amateurs
SB DX ARL ARLD050
ARLD050 DX news
This weeks bulletin was made possible with information provided by
the OPDX Bulletin 425 DX News DXNL Contest Corral from QST and
the ARRL Contest Calendar and WA7BNM web sites Thanks to all
VIET NAM 3W Dirk DF2XG is QRV as 3W9XG from Hai Phong while here
on work assignment Activity is in his spare time on 40 to 10
meters using CW His length of stay is unknown QSL via operators
instructions
GEORGIA 4L Vlad UA4WHX will soon be QRV as 4LUA4WHX Activity
will be on 40 to 17 meters using CW SSB and RTTY His length of
stay is unknown QSL to home call
18
CYPRUS 5B Alex 5B4ALX is QRV as special event station 5B4XMAS
until December 31 Activity is on 160 to 10 meters using CW SSB
and various digital modes QSL via IZ4AMS
SENEGAL 6V Members of the Amateur Radio Association of Senegal
are QRV as 6V1A from Goree Island IOTA AF-045 until December 17
Activity is on the HF bands using CW and SSB QSL via 6W7JX
BARBADOS 8P Ernest J69Z is QRV as 8P9JB until January 2 2018
Activity is on 80 to 10 meters QSL direct to home call
PALESTINE E4 Elvira IV3FSG is QRV as E44YL from Bethlehem until
December 18 Activity is on the various HF bands using SSB and
possibly digital modes QSL via IK3GES
SOUTH COOK ISLANDS E5 Mauri AG1LE is QRV as E51DXX from
Rarotonga IOTA OC-013 until December 29 Activity is holiday
style on the HF bands using SSB PSK31 and FT8 QSL to home call
CANARY ISLANDS EA8 Rieder HB9FIH is QRV as EA8HB9FIH from El
Hierro Island IOTA AF-004 until the end of March 2018 Activity
is on 80 to 10 meters and possibly 6 meters using CW RTTY PSK
and some SSB QSL to home call
SOLOMON ISLANDS H4 Shane VK4KHZ is QRV as H44DA from Busone
Malaita Province until early January 2018 Activity is on 80 to 10
meters and satellite SO-50 but with a primary emphasis on 6
meters QSL direct to home call
REPUBLIC OF KOREA HL Special event call DT23WOP is QRV until
February 28 2018 during the Winter Olympic Games that will be held
here QSL via HL1IWD
DJIBOUTI J2 Dane S53T is QRV as J28ND until December 17
Activity is in his spare time on the HF bands using CW SSB and
RTTY QSL via S57DX
SVALBARD JW Morten LA4JSA is QRV as JW4JSA from Bear Island
IOTA EU-027 until June 1 2018 while on work assignment Activity
is in his spare time on the various HF bands QSL to home call
BELGIUM ON Members of the Club Radio Durnal will be QRV as
OT100BCA on December 17 from the Royal Castle of Laeken QSL via
ON4RCD
POLAND SP Special event station SN20WHL is QRV until December 20
to draw attention to the city of Torun that was put on the UNESCO
World Heritage List 20 years ago QSL via SP2TMT
CORSICA TK Georg NZ1C will be QRV as TKNZ1C from December 16 to
24 Activity will be holiday style on 40 to 10 meters using mainly
CW with some SSB RTTY PSK and FT8 QSL via DD5ZZ
19
UKRAINE UR Members of the amateur radio club Band are QRV as
EM25IWW until the end of the year to celebrate the clubs 25th
anniversary QSL via UR7IWW
INDIA VU Members of the Manipal Institute of Technology radio
club are QRV as AT6MIT until January 7 2018 to celebrate the
institutions 60th anniversary QSL via VU3BUN
ROMANIA YO Special event station YP2018HNY will be QRV from
December 15 to January 15 2018 to celebrate Christmas and the New
Year 2018 Activity will be on the HF bands QSL via YO3KPA
THIS WEEKEND ON THE RADIO The ARRL CW Rookie Roundup NCCC RTTY
Sprint 80-Meter QRP CW Fox Hunt NCCC CW Sprint UN DIGI Contest
AGB-Party Contest Russian 160-Meter Contest Feld Hell Sprint OK
DX RTTY Contest Padang DX Contest and the Croatian CW Contest are
all on tap for this upcoming weekend
The Run for the Bacon QRP CW Contest is scheduled for December 18
The CWops Mini-CWT CW Test Phone Fray and 40-Meter QRP CW Fox Hunt
are scheduled for December 20
Please see December QST page 73 and the ARRL and WA7BNM Contest
Web Sites for detailsNNNN EX
SK ndash SILENT KEY ndash PASSAMENTOS
Nihil
________________________________________________
ENCERRAMENTO
AGRADECEMOS AOS COLEGAS QUE ESTIVERAM ACOMPANHANDO NA NOSSA
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MONITORANDO E A TODOS AQUELES QUE DE UMA MANEIRA OU DE OUTRA
TOMARAM CONHECIMENTO DESTE QTC LABRE-DF Nordm 502017 COMUNICADOS DE
FALHAS CRIacuteTICAS E APOIO DEVEM SER DIRIGIDOS AO DIRETOR DE
RADIOAMADORISMO RENDY-PT2IQ QUE AS ANALISARAacute E RESPONDERAacute SE
NECESSAacuteRIO ESTE QTC LABRE-DF OBSERVA SEMPRE O DIREITO DE CRIacuteTICA E
RESPOSTA NO MESMO ESPACcedilO UTILIZADO PARA A NOTA CONTESTADA SEMPRE
LEMBRANDO QUE O DIREITO TEM DUAS MAtildeOS DE DIRECcedilAtildeO
Brasiacutelia 16 DE DEZEMBRO DE 2017
PT2GTI ROBERTO FRANCA STUCKERT
DIRETOR-PRESIDENTE LABRE-DF
PT2IQ MIGUEL RENDY
DIRETOR DE RADIOAMADORISMO LABRE-DF
9
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anterior)
PIB 2017 (1ordm trimestre) +10 (dado divulgado pelo IBGE em 01062017)
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doacutelar a R$ 323) No 2ordm trimestre R$ 1639 trilhatildeo (US$ 5236 bilhotildees ndash cotaccedilatildeo de 01092017 com doacutelar a R$ 313)
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10
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outubro de 2017 o deacuteficit eacute de R$ 7735 bilhotildees envolve governo federal estados municipios e empresas estatais
CANTINHO TEacuteCNICO
TECHNICAL CORNER
PSK31 From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
A waterfall display depicting several PSK31 transmissions at around 14070 kHz The green lines indicate a station that
is transmitting
PSK31 or Phase Shift Keying 31 Baud also BPSK31 and QPSK31 is a popular computer-sound card-generated radioteletype mode used primarily by amateur radio operators to conduct real-time keyboard-to-keyboard chat most often using frequencies in the high frequencyamateur radio bands (near-shortwave) PSK31 is distinguished from other digital modes in that it is specifically tuned to have a data rate close to typing speed and has an extremely narrow bandwidth allowing many conversations in the same bandwidth as a single voice channel This narrow bandwidth also concentrates the RF energy[citation needed] in a very narrow bandwidth allowing relatively low-power equipment (25 watts) to communicate globally using the same skywave propagation used by shortwave radio stations
Contents
[hide]
1History
2Use and implementation
11
3Resistance to interference
4Technical information
5BPSK31 and QPSK31 variants
6Spectrum efficiency compared to other modes
7Common frequencies
8References
9Further reading
10External links
History[edit]
PSK31 was developed and named by English amateur radio operator Peter Martinez (call sign G3PLX) and introduced to the wider amateur radio community in December 1998[1][2]
The 31 baud BPSK modulation system used in PSK31 was introduced by Pawel Jalocha (SP9VRC) in his SLOWBPSK program written for Motorolas EVM radio Instead of the traditional frequency-shift keying the information is transmitted by patterns of polarity-reversals (sometimes called 180-degree phase shifts) PSK31 was enthusiastically received and its usage grew like wildfire worldwide lending a new popularity and tone to the on-air conduct of digital communications[citation needed] Due to the efficiency of the mode it became and still remains especially popular with operators whose circumstances do not permit the erection of large antenna systems the use of high power or both
Use and implementation[edit]
A sample PSK31
transmission
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000
The text Welcome to
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encyclopedia that anyone
can edit sent as PSK31
(QPSK)
Problems playing this file See media help
A PSK31 operator typically uses a single-sideband (SSB) transceiver connected to the sound card of a computer running PSK31 software When the operator enters a message for transmission the software produces an audio tone that sounds to the human ear like a continuous whistle with a slight warble This sound is then fed through either a microphone jack (using an intermediate resistive attenuator to reduce the sound cards output power to microphone levels) or an auxiliary connection into the transceiver from which it is transmitted [3]
From the perspective of the transmitter the sound amounts to little more than somebody whistling into the microphone However the software rapidly shifts the phase of the audio signal between two states (hence the name phase-shift keying) forming the character codes These phase shifts serve the same function as the two tones used in traditional RTTY and similar systems
To decode PSK31 the audio whistle received from the transceivers headphone output is fed into a computer sound cards audio input and software decodes it The software displays the decoded text[3]
Because PSK31 was developed for use through a computers sound card many programs have since been created to use the same technology for other modes such as RTTY Hellschreiber and Olivia MFSK So once it has been set up to run PSK31 a computer can be used to explore a variety of digital message transmission modes
12
Aside from a standard radio transceiver and a computer with a sound card very little equipment is required to use PSK31 Normally an older computer and a few cables will suffice and many PSK31 software applications are free Many operators now use a commercially available interfacemodem device (or nomic) between their computers and radios These devices incorporate the necessary impedance matching and sound level adjustment to permit the sound card output to be injected into the microphone input send the radios audio output to the sound card input and handle the radios transmit-receive switching Soundcard to radio interfaces typically use isolation transformers on both the send and receive audio paths to eliminate hum caused by ground-loops Recently introduced interfaces also incorporate their own sound card and can be powered and run from the computer via a single USB connection
Resistance to interference[edit]
Like other narrow band digital modes PSK31 can often overcome interference and poor propagation conditions in situations where voice or other methods of communication fail However PSK31 was designed only for leisure use by amateurs and due to its relatively slow speed and limited error control is not suitable for transmitting large blocks of data or text or critical data requiring high immunity from errors
PSK31 works well over propagation paths that preserve phase and resists fading (QSB) well However it can be adversely affected by propagation modesmdashsuch as transpolar pathsmdashwhere auroral flutter or multipathing can disrupt the signal phase continuity In such cases the use of QPSK (see below) is often beneficial
Some software supports PSK10 and PSK05 variants running at 10 baud and 5 baud respectively These slower speeds sacrifice throughput to provide greater resistance to noise and other interference Conversely PSK63 is increasingly used for faster exchanges especially during amateur radio contest operating
Technical information[edit]
Example of PSK31 modulation
PSK31 is typically created by software that generates an amplitude- and phase-modulated waveform that is converted to an audio frequency analog signal by a sound card In the most-commonly-used variant BPSK31 binary information is transmitted by either imparting a 180-degree phase shift (a binary zero) or no phase shift (a binary one) in each 32ms symbol interval The 180-degree phase shift for a zero bit code occurs at a null amplitude[4]
As shown in the figure a cosine filter is used to smooth the rise and fall times of the audio waveform and eliminate key clicks All subsequent amplification of the signal must be linear to preserve the modulation waveform and ensure minimum occupied bandwidth In practice this means limiting the transmit audio volume to below the level where the transmitter generates Automatic Level Control (ALC) feedback and disabling any audio compression or speech processing
The Varicode is a kind of Fibonacci code where the boundaries between character codes are marked by two or more consecutive zeros Like all Fibonacci codes since no character code contains more than one consecutive zero the software can easily identify the spaces between characters regardless of the length of the character The idle sequence sent when an operator is not typing is a continuous sequence of phase-shifts which do not print on the screen[2] Martinez arranged the character alphabet so that as in Morse code the more frequently occurring characters have the shortest encodings while rarer characters use longer encodings He named this encoding scheme varicode
PSK31s symbol rate of 3125 Hz was chosen because a normal typing speed of about 50 words per minute requires a bit rate of about 32 bits per second and specifically because 3125 Hz could easily be derived from the 8 kHz sample rate used in many DSP systems including those used in the computer sound cards
13
commonly used for PSK31 operation (3125 Hz is 8 kHz divided by 256 and so can be derived from 8 kHz by halving the frequency eight times in succession)
BPSK31 and QPSK31 variants[edit]
Colloquial usage of the term PSK31 in amateur radio usually implies the use of the most commonly used variant of PSK31 binary phase shift keying (BPSK) BPSK uses no error control but an allied mode QPSK31 quadrature phase shift keying uses four phases instead of two to provide a degree of forward error correction It is simple to switch from BPSK to QPSK if difficulties arise during a contact When QPSK is used after encoding into varicode the binary signal is further transformed into a quaternary set of phase shifts A sliding window of five bits is used to select one of the four possible phase shifts providing a means of error correction by spreading each bit of data across adjacent bits Successful decoding of an input bit requires a large number of phase shift sequences to be received causing a 20-bit 640-millisecond latency (delay) in the output of the decoder[5]
Spectrum efficiency compared to other modes[edit]
PSK31s efficiency and narrow bandwidth make it highly suitable for low-power and crowded-band operation PSK31 contacts can be conducted at less than 100 Hz separation so with disciplined operation at least twenty simultaneous PSK31 contacts can be carried out side-by-side in the 25 kHz bandwidth required for just one SSB voice contact
Common frequencies[edit]
The following amateur radio frequencies are commonly used for transmitting and receiving PSK31 signals They normally occupy the lower edge of each bands digital modes section PSK31 operators generally use upper sideband (USB) even on frequencies below 10 MHz where the convention normally calls for lower sideband This is because (a) signals then spread upwards into the digimode section from the base frequency and (b) using QPSK requires both stations to use the same sideband
PSK31 Frequencies[6]
Frequency Amateur Band
1838 MHz 160 meter
3580 MHz 80 meter
7035 MHz 40 meter (region 3)
7070 MHz 40 meter (regions 12)
10142 MHz 30 meter
14070 MHz 20 meter
14
18100 MHz 17 meter
21080 MHz 15 meter
24920 MHz 12 meter
28120 MHz 10 meter
50290 MHz 6 meter
144144 MHz 2 meter
22207 MHz 125 meter
4322 MHz 70 centimeter
909 MHz 33 centimeter
Current usage as of 2010 based on observation is centered on 707015 and 2107015 703515 is commonly used in Region 2 as of 2012 There is no authoritative list as the frequencies are determined by common convention
The IARU Region 1 Bandplan was revised in March 2009 to reflect the expanded 40 meter band The CW-only section within Europe Africa the Middle East and the former USSR is now 7000 to 7040 Region 2 - The Americas - followed in September 2013 Region 3 - South Asia and Australasia - has not yet synchronised its bandplan with Regions 1 and 2
References[edit]
1 Jump up^ The ARRL Handbook for Radio Communications 84th Ed (2007)9-13
2 ^ Jump up toa b Steven L Karty N5SK PSK31 Spec ARRL Website Retrieved 18 Dec 2010
3 ^ Jump up toa b Jacob Gillespie KD5TEN PSK31 guide Retrieved 2016-06-12
4 Jump up^ McDermott Tom (1998) Wireless Digital Communications Design and Theory Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Corporation p 50 ISBN 0-9644707-2-1
5 Jump up^ Peter Martinez G3PLX PSK31 theory Retrieved 2011-08-08
6 Jump up^ httpaintelbiehuespsk31html
Further reading[edit]
Martinez Peter PSK31 A new radio-teletype mode with a traditional philosophy (PDF) (November 1998)
Steve Ford WB8IMY (2001) Chapter 4 - PSK31 ARRLs HF digital handbook Newington CT The American Radio Relay League ISBN 0-87259-823-3
Meltz Steve The New HF Digital Modes - PSK31 QST April 1999 pp 50-51
15
Martinez Peter [1] PSK31 A New Radio-Teletype Mode RadCom December 1998 updated February 1999
External links[edit]
The Official PSK31 Page
PSK31 Setup and Operation | a PSK31 guide
PSK31 email discussion list with contests app reviews and more
European PSK Club
An online PSK31 receiver tuned to the active Ham band
Another PSK31 receiver in Ukraine
[hide]
v
t
e
Amateur radio digital modes
Frequency-shift keying (FSK)
RTTY
AMTOR SITOR
PACTOR
CLOVER2000
Packet radio (Bell 103
Bell 202)
Multiple frequency-shift keying (MFSK)
Olivia MFSK
Contestia
JT65
FSK441
JT6M
WSPR
Phase-shift keying (PSK)
PSK31
PSK63
Q15X25
COFDM MT63 (based on PSK)
Non-traditional digital modes
Hellschreiber (Feld-Hell)
On-off keying
Continuous wave
Modulated continuous wave
Pulse modulation
Frequency-hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
16
Categories
Quantized radio modulation modes
Packet radio
NOTAS SOCIAIS
ANIVERSARIANTES
Periacuteodo de 17 a 23 de dezembro de 2017
17 VILZIMAR FERREIRA GOMES CRISTALOIDE DE EDWARD SCHILLER-PT2PYC
17 MARCOS ANTONIO DE LIMA BRITO CRISTALOIDE DE ANTONIO DE BRITO-PT2OK
18 EULER DA VEIGA DIAS PT2PF
20 JORGE FLAVIO TEIXEIRA FERNANDES PT2IW REMIDO
21 FABIO DANIEL ROCHA DO NASCIMENTO PT2PRF
21 MARIA PAULA FERREIRA ARECO CRISTALOIDE DE JAFFER ARECO-PT2AZ
21 MARISA C SILVA OLIVEIRA CRISTALOIDE DE ANTONIO ISIDORIO DE OLIVEIRA-PT2AI
21 PEDRO PAULO VASCONCELOS CRISTALOIDE DE EDNEWTON DE VASCONCELOS-PT2EW
22 IRON ANTOcircNIO DOS SANTOS PT2IAS
22 PAULO WILSON DIAS DA SILVA CRISTALOIDE DE PAULO JOSEacuteDA SILVA-PT2APJ
23 RAUL DE ARAUacuteJO CARNEIRO PT2RAC
23 ANTOcircNIO BERTHOLDO GALVAtildeO PT2AG REMIDO
23 CELSO LUIZ KOGLER PP2CK
23 YARA GABRIELLE G DA CONCEICcedilAtildeO CRISTALOIDE DE LEONARDO GONCcedilALVES-PU2ABT
23 CRISTIANE JOFFILY PU2ARE CRISTALOIDE DE ICILIO JOFFILY-PT2IP
23 ANTONIO BERTHOLDO GALVAtildeO PT2AG
17
OBS SOLICITAMOS QUE TODOS OS COLEGAS LABREANOS COMPARECcedilAM Agrave SEDE DA
LABRE-DF PARA REALIZAREM RECADASTRAMENTO DE SEUS DADOS PARA MELHOR
CONTROLE INCLUSIVE COM ATUALIZACcedilAtildeO DE DEPENDENTES
DATAS COMEMORATIVAS
Periacuteodo de 17 a 23 de dezembro de 2017
Dia de Satildeo Laacutezaro
18SEG
Dia do Museoacutelogo
18SEG
Dia de Satildeo Zoacutezimo
20QUA
Dia do Mecacircnico
21QUI
Dia do Atleta
23SAacuteB
Dia do Vizinho
NOTIacuteCIAS DE DX
ARRL DX Bulletin ARLD050 (2017) - ARLD050 news
SB DX ARL $ARLD050
ARLD050 DX news
ZCZC AE50
QST de W1AW
DX Bulletin 50 ARLD050
From ARRL Headquarters
Newington CT December 14 2017
To all radio amateurs
SB DX ARL ARLD050
ARLD050 DX news
This weeks bulletin was made possible with information provided by
the OPDX Bulletin 425 DX News DXNL Contest Corral from QST and
the ARRL Contest Calendar and WA7BNM web sites Thanks to all
VIET NAM 3W Dirk DF2XG is QRV as 3W9XG from Hai Phong while here
on work assignment Activity is in his spare time on 40 to 10
meters using CW His length of stay is unknown QSL via operators
instructions
GEORGIA 4L Vlad UA4WHX will soon be QRV as 4LUA4WHX Activity
will be on 40 to 17 meters using CW SSB and RTTY His length of
stay is unknown QSL to home call
18
CYPRUS 5B Alex 5B4ALX is QRV as special event station 5B4XMAS
until December 31 Activity is on 160 to 10 meters using CW SSB
and various digital modes QSL via IZ4AMS
SENEGAL 6V Members of the Amateur Radio Association of Senegal
are QRV as 6V1A from Goree Island IOTA AF-045 until December 17
Activity is on the HF bands using CW and SSB QSL via 6W7JX
BARBADOS 8P Ernest J69Z is QRV as 8P9JB until January 2 2018
Activity is on 80 to 10 meters QSL direct to home call
PALESTINE E4 Elvira IV3FSG is QRV as E44YL from Bethlehem until
December 18 Activity is on the various HF bands using SSB and
possibly digital modes QSL via IK3GES
SOUTH COOK ISLANDS E5 Mauri AG1LE is QRV as E51DXX from
Rarotonga IOTA OC-013 until December 29 Activity is holiday
style on the HF bands using SSB PSK31 and FT8 QSL to home call
CANARY ISLANDS EA8 Rieder HB9FIH is QRV as EA8HB9FIH from El
Hierro Island IOTA AF-004 until the end of March 2018 Activity
is on 80 to 10 meters and possibly 6 meters using CW RTTY PSK
and some SSB QSL to home call
SOLOMON ISLANDS H4 Shane VK4KHZ is QRV as H44DA from Busone
Malaita Province until early January 2018 Activity is on 80 to 10
meters and satellite SO-50 but with a primary emphasis on 6
meters QSL direct to home call
REPUBLIC OF KOREA HL Special event call DT23WOP is QRV until
February 28 2018 during the Winter Olympic Games that will be held
here QSL via HL1IWD
DJIBOUTI J2 Dane S53T is QRV as J28ND until December 17
Activity is in his spare time on the HF bands using CW SSB and
RTTY QSL via S57DX
SVALBARD JW Morten LA4JSA is QRV as JW4JSA from Bear Island
IOTA EU-027 until June 1 2018 while on work assignment Activity
is in his spare time on the various HF bands QSL to home call
BELGIUM ON Members of the Club Radio Durnal will be QRV as
OT100BCA on December 17 from the Royal Castle of Laeken QSL via
ON4RCD
POLAND SP Special event station SN20WHL is QRV until December 20
to draw attention to the city of Torun that was put on the UNESCO
World Heritage List 20 years ago QSL via SP2TMT
CORSICA TK Georg NZ1C will be QRV as TKNZ1C from December 16 to
24 Activity will be holiday style on 40 to 10 meters using mainly
CW with some SSB RTTY PSK and FT8 QSL via DD5ZZ
19
UKRAINE UR Members of the amateur radio club Band are QRV as
EM25IWW until the end of the year to celebrate the clubs 25th
anniversary QSL via UR7IWW
INDIA VU Members of the Manipal Institute of Technology radio
club are QRV as AT6MIT until January 7 2018 to celebrate the
institutions 60th anniversary QSL via VU3BUN
ROMANIA YO Special event station YP2018HNY will be QRV from
December 15 to January 15 2018 to celebrate Christmas and the New
Year 2018 Activity will be on the HF bands QSL via YO3KPA
THIS WEEKEND ON THE RADIO The ARRL CW Rookie Roundup NCCC RTTY
Sprint 80-Meter QRP CW Fox Hunt NCCC CW Sprint UN DIGI Contest
AGB-Party Contest Russian 160-Meter Contest Feld Hell Sprint OK
DX RTTY Contest Padang DX Contest and the Croatian CW Contest are
all on tap for this upcoming weekend
The Run for the Bacon QRP CW Contest is scheduled for December 18
The CWops Mini-CWT CW Test Phone Fray and 40-Meter QRP CW Fox Hunt
are scheduled for December 20
Please see December QST page 73 and the ARRL and WA7BNM Contest
Web Sites for detailsNNNN EX
SK ndash SILENT KEY ndash PASSAMENTOS
Nihil
________________________________________________
ENCERRAMENTO
AGRADECEMOS AOS COLEGAS QUE ESTIVERAM ACOMPANHANDO NA NOSSA
TRANSMISSAtildeO Agrave DISTINTA ESCUTA DA ANATEL SE POR VENTURA NOS ESTEJA
MONITORANDO E A TODOS AQUELES QUE DE UMA MANEIRA OU DE OUTRA
TOMARAM CONHECIMENTO DESTE QTC LABRE-DF Nordm 502017 COMUNICADOS DE
FALHAS CRIacuteTICAS E APOIO DEVEM SER DIRIGIDOS AO DIRETOR DE
RADIOAMADORISMO RENDY-PT2IQ QUE AS ANALISARAacute E RESPONDERAacute SE
NECESSAacuteRIO ESTE QTC LABRE-DF OBSERVA SEMPRE O DIREITO DE CRIacuteTICA E
RESPOSTA NO MESMO ESPACcedilO UTILIZADO PARA A NOTA CONTESTADA SEMPRE
LEMBRANDO QUE O DIREITO TEM DUAS MAtildeOS DE DIRECcedilAtildeO
Brasiacutelia 16 DE DEZEMBRO DE 2017
PT2GTI ROBERTO FRANCA STUCKERT
DIRETOR-PRESIDENTE LABRE-DF
PT2IQ MIGUEL RENDY
DIRETOR DE RADIOAMADORISMO LABRE-DF
10
Produccedilatildeo industrial -66 (em 2016) em relaccedilatildeo ao ano anterior Em outubro de 2017 a atividade da induacutestria
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CANTINHO TEacuteCNICO
TECHNICAL CORNER
PSK31 From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
A waterfall display depicting several PSK31 transmissions at around 14070 kHz The green lines indicate a station that
is transmitting
PSK31 or Phase Shift Keying 31 Baud also BPSK31 and QPSK31 is a popular computer-sound card-generated radioteletype mode used primarily by amateur radio operators to conduct real-time keyboard-to-keyboard chat most often using frequencies in the high frequencyamateur radio bands (near-shortwave) PSK31 is distinguished from other digital modes in that it is specifically tuned to have a data rate close to typing speed and has an extremely narrow bandwidth allowing many conversations in the same bandwidth as a single voice channel This narrow bandwidth also concentrates the RF energy[citation needed] in a very narrow bandwidth allowing relatively low-power equipment (25 watts) to communicate globally using the same skywave propagation used by shortwave radio stations
Contents
[hide]
1History
2Use and implementation
11
3Resistance to interference
4Technical information
5BPSK31 and QPSK31 variants
6Spectrum efficiency compared to other modes
7Common frequencies
8References
9Further reading
10External links
History[edit]
PSK31 was developed and named by English amateur radio operator Peter Martinez (call sign G3PLX) and introduced to the wider amateur radio community in December 1998[1][2]
The 31 baud BPSK modulation system used in PSK31 was introduced by Pawel Jalocha (SP9VRC) in his SLOWBPSK program written for Motorolas EVM radio Instead of the traditional frequency-shift keying the information is transmitted by patterns of polarity-reversals (sometimes called 180-degree phase shifts) PSK31 was enthusiastically received and its usage grew like wildfire worldwide lending a new popularity and tone to the on-air conduct of digital communications[citation needed] Due to the efficiency of the mode it became and still remains especially popular with operators whose circumstances do not permit the erection of large antenna systems the use of high power or both
Use and implementation[edit]
A sample PSK31
transmission
MENU
000
The text Welcome to
Wikipedia the free
encyclopedia that anyone
can edit sent as PSK31
(QPSK)
Problems playing this file See media help
A PSK31 operator typically uses a single-sideband (SSB) transceiver connected to the sound card of a computer running PSK31 software When the operator enters a message for transmission the software produces an audio tone that sounds to the human ear like a continuous whistle with a slight warble This sound is then fed through either a microphone jack (using an intermediate resistive attenuator to reduce the sound cards output power to microphone levels) or an auxiliary connection into the transceiver from which it is transmitted [3]
From the perspective of the transmitter the sound amounts to little more than somebody whistling into the microphone However the software rapidly shifts the phase of the audio signal between two states (hence the name phase-shift keying) forming the character codes These phase shifts serve the same function as the two tones used in traditional RTTY and similar systems
To decode PSK31 the audio whistle received from the transceivers headphone output is fed into a computer sound cards audio input and software decodes it The software displays the decoded text[3]
Because PSK31 was developed for use through a computers sound card many programs have since been created to use the same technology for other modes such as RTTY Hellschreiber and Olivia MFSK So once it has been set up to run PSK31 a computer can be used to explore a variety of digital message transmission modes
12
Aside from a standard radio transceiver and a computer with a sound card very little equipment is required to use PSK31 Normally an older computer and a few cables will suffice and many PSK31 software applications are free Many operators now use a commercially available interfacemodem device (or nomic) between their computers and radios These devices incorporate the necessary impedance matching and sound level adjustment to permit the sound card output to be injected into the microphone input send the radios audio output to the sound card input and handle the radios transmit-receive switching Soundcard to radio interfaces typically use isolation transformers on both the send and receive audio paths to eliminate hum caused by ground-loops Recently introduced interfaces also incorporate their own sound card and can be powered and run from the computer via a single USB connection
Resistance to interference[edit]
Like other narrow band digital modes PSK31 can often overcome interference and poor propagation conditions in situations where voice or other methods of communication fail However PSK31 was designed only for leisure use by amateurs and due to its relatively slow speed and limited error control is not suitable for transmitting large blocks of data or text or critical data requiring high immunity from errors
PSK31 works well over propagation paths that preserve phase and resists fading (QSB) well However it can be adversely affected by propagation modesmdashsuch as transpolar pathsmdashwhere auroral flutter or multipathing can disrupt the signal phase continuity In such cases the use of QPSK (see below) is often beneficial
Some software supports PSK10 and PSK05 variants running at 10 baud and 5 baud respectively These slower speeds sacrifice throughput to provide greater resistance to noise and other interference Conversely PSK63 is increasingly used for faster exchanges especially during amateur radio contest operating
Technical information[edit]
Example of PSK31 modulation
PSK31 is typically created by software that generates an amplitude- and phase-modulated waveform that is converted to an audio frequency analog signal by a sound card In the most-commonly-used variant BPSK31 binary information is transmitted by either imparting a 180-degree phase shift (a binary zero) or no phase shift (a binary one) in each 32ms symbol interval The 180-degree phase shift for a zero bit code occurs at a null amplitude[4]
As shown in the figure a cosine filter is used to smooth the rise and fall times of the audio waveform and eliminate key clicks All subsequent amplification of the signal must be linear to preserve the modulation waveform and ensure minimum occupied bandwidth In practice this means limiting the transmit audio volume to below the level where the transmitter generates Automatic Level Control (ALC) feedback and disabling any audio compression or speech processing
The Varicode is a kind of Fibonacci code where the boundaries between character codes are marked by two or more consecutive zeros Like all Fibonacci codes since no character code contains more than one consecutive zero the software can easily identify the spaces between characters regardless of the length of the character The idle sequence sent when an operator is not typing is a continuous sequence of phase-shifts which do not print on the screen[2] Martinez arranged the character alphabet so that as in Morse code the more frequently occurring characters have the shortest encodings while rarer characters use longer encodings He named this encoding scheme varicode
PSK31s symbol rate of 3125 Hz was chosen because a normal typing speed of about 50 words per minute requires a bit rate of about 32 bits per second and specifically because 3125 Hz could easily be derived from the 8 kHz sample rate used in many DSP systems including those used in the computer sound cards
13
commonly used for PSK31 operation (3125 Hz is 8 kHz divided by 256 and so can be derived from 8 kHz by halving the frequency eight times in succession)
BPSK31 and QPSK31 variants[edit]
Colloquial usage of the term PSK31 in amateur radio usually implies the use of the most commonly used variant of PSK31 binary phase shift keying (BPSK) BPSK uses no error control but an allied mode QPSK31 quadrature phase shift keying uses four phases instead of two to provide a degree of forward error correction It is simple to switch from BPSK to QPSK if difficulties arise during a contact When QPSK is used after encoding into varicode the binary signal is further transformed into a quaternary set of phase shifts A sliding window of five bits is used to select one of the four possible phase shifts providing a means of error correction by spreading each bit of data across adjacent bits Successful decoding of an input bit requires a large number of phase shift sequences to be received causing a 20-bit 640-millisecond latency (delay) in the output of the decoder[5]
Spectrum efficiency compared to other modes[edit]
PSK31s efficiency and narrow bandwidth make it highly suitable for low-power and crowded-band operation PSK31 contacts can be conducted at less than 100 Hz separation so with disciplined operation at least twenty simultaneous PSK31 contacts can be carried out side-by-side in the 25 kHz bandwidth required for just one SSB voice contact
Common frequencies[edit]
The following amateur radio frequencies are commonly used for transmitting and receiving PSK31 signals They normally occupy the lower edge of each bands digital modes section PSK31 operators generally use upper sideband (USB) even on frequencies below 10 MHz where the convention normally calls for lower sideband This is because (a) signals then spread upwards into the digimode section from the base frequency and (b) using QPSK requires both stations to use the same sideband
PSK31 Frequencies[6]
Frequency Amateur Band
1838 MHz 160 meter
3580 MHz 80 meter
7035 MHz 40 meter (region 3)
7070 MHz 40 meter (regions 12)
10142 MHz 30 meter
14070 MHz 20 meter
14
18100 MHz 17 meter
21080 MHz 15 meter
24920 MHz 12 meter
28120 MHz 10 meter
50290 MHz 6 meter
144144 MHz 2 meter
22207 MHz 125 meter
4322 MHz 70 centimeter
909 MHz 33 centimeter
Current usage as of 2010 based on observation is centered on 707015 and 2107015 703515 is commonly used in Region 2 as of 2012 There is no authoritative list as the frequencies are determined by common convention
The IARU Region 1 Bandplan was revised in March 2009 to reflect the expanded 40 meter band The CW-only section within Europe Africa the Middle East and the former USSR is now 7000 to 7040 Region 2 - The Americas - followed in September 2013 Region 3 - South Asia and Australasia - has not yet synchronised its bandplan with Regions 1 and 2
References[edit]
1 Jump up^ The ARRL Handbook for Radio Communications 84th Ed (2007)9-13
2 ^ Jump up toa b Steven L Karty N5SK PSK31 Spec ARRL Website Retrieved 18 Dec 2010
3 ^ Jump up toa b Jacob Gillespie KD5TEN PSK31 guide Retrieved 2016-06-12
4 Jump up^ McDermott Tom (1998) Wireless Digital Communications Design and Theory Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Corporation p 50 ISBN 0-9644707-2-1
5 Jump up^ Peter Martinez G3PLX PSK31 theory Retrieved 2011-08-08
6 Jump up^ httpaintelbiehuespsk31html
Further reading[edit]
Martinez Peter PSK31 A new radio-teletype mode with a traditional philosophy (PDF) (November 1998)
Steve Ford WB8IMY (2001) Chapter 4 - PSK31 ARRLs HF digital handbook Newington CT The American Radio Relay League ISBN 0-87259-823-3
Meltz Steve The New HF Digital Modes - PSK31 QST April 1999 pp 50-51
15
Martinez Peter [1] PSK31 A New Radio-Teletype Mode RadCom December 1998 updated February 1999
External links[edit]
The Official PSK31 Page
PSK31 Setup and Operation | a PSK31 guide
PSK31 email discussion list with contests app reviews and more
European PSK Club
An online PSK31 receiver tuned to the active Ham band
Another PSK31 receiver in Ukraine
[hide]
v
t
e
Amateur radio digital modes
Frequency-shift keying (FSK)
RTTY
AMTOR SITOR
PACTOR
CLOVER2000
Packet radio (Bell 103
Bell 202)
Multiple frequency-shift keying (MFSK)
Olivia MFSK
Contestia
JT65
FSK441
JT6M
WSPR
Phase-shift keying (PSK)
PSK31
PSK63
Q15X25
COFDM MT63 (based on PSK)
Non-traditional digital modes
Hellschreiber (Feld-Hell)
On-off keying
Continuous wave
Modulated continuous wave
Pulse modulation
Frequency-hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
16
Categories
Quantized radio modulation modes
Packet radio
NOTAS SOCIAIS
ANIVERSARIANTES
Periacuteodo de 17 a 23 de dezembro de 2017
17 VILZIMAR FERREIRA GOMES CRISTALOIDE DE EDWARD SCHILLER-PT2PYC
17 MARCOS ANTONIO DE LIMA BRITO CRISTALOIDE DE ANTONIO DE BRITO-PT2OK
18 EULER DA VEIGA DIAS PT2PF
20 JORGE FLAVIO TEIXEIRA FERNANDES PT2IW REMIDO
21 FABIO DANIEL ROCHA DO NASCIMENTO PT2PRF
21 MARIA PAULA FERREIRA ARECO CRISTALOIDE DE JAFFER ARECO-PT2AZ
21 MARISA C SILVA OLIVEIRA CRISTALOIDE DE ANTONIO ISIDORIO DE OLIVEIRA-PT2AI
21 PEDRO PAULO VASCONCELOS CRISTALOIDE DE EDNEWTON DE VASCONCELOS-PT2EW
22 IRON ANTOcircNIO DOS SANTOS PT2IAS
22 PAULO WILSON DIAS DA SILVA CRISTALOIDE DE PAULO JOSEacuteDA SILVA-PT2APJ
23 RAUL DE ARAUacuteJO CARNEIRO PT2RAC
23 ANTOcircNIO BERTHOLDO GALVAtildeO PT2AG REMIDO
23 CELSO LUIZ KOGLER PP2CK
23 YARA GABRIELLE G DA CONCEICcedilAtildeO CRISTALOIDE DE LEONARDO GONCcedilALVES-PU2ABT
23 CRISTIANE JOFFILY PU2ARE CRISTALOIDE DE ICILIO JOFFILY-PT2IP
23 ANTONIO BERTHOLDO GALVAtildeO PT2AG
17
OBS SOLICITAMOS QUE TODOS OS COLEGAS LABREANOS COMPARECcedilAM Agrave SEDE DA
LABRE-DF PARA REALIZAREM RECADASTRAMENTO DE SEUS DADOS PARA MELHOR
CONTROLE INCLUSIVE COM ATUALIZACcedilAtildeO DE DEPENDENTES
DATAS COMEMORATIVAS
Periacuteodo de 17 a 23 de dezembro de 2017
Dia de Satildeo Laacutezaro
18SEG
Dia do Museoacutelogo
18SEG
Dia de Satildeo Zoacutezimo
20QUA
Dia do Mecacircnico
21QUI
Dia do Atleta
23SAacuteB
Dia do Vizinho
NOTIacuteCIAS DE DX
ARRL DX Bulletin ARLD050 (2017) - ARLD050 news
SB DX ARL $ARLD050
ARLD050 DX news
ZCZC AE50
QST de W1AW
DX Bulletin 50 ARLD050
From ARRL Headquarters
Newington CT December 14 2017
To all radio amateurs
SB DX ARL ARLD050
ARLD050 DX news
This weeks bulletin was made possible with information provided by
the OPDX Bulletin 425 DX News DXNL Contest Corral from QST and
the ARRL Contest Calendar and WA7BNM web sites Thanks to all
VIET NAM 3W Dirk DF2XG is QRV as 3W9XG from Hai Phong while here
on work assignment Activity is in his spare time on 40 to 10
meters using CW His length of stay is unknown QSL via operators
instructions
GEORGIA 4L Vlad UA4WHX will soon be QRV as 4LUA4WHX Activity
will be on 40 to 17 meters using CW SSB and RTTY His length of
stay is unknown QSL to home call
18
CYPRUS 5B Alex 5B4ALX is QRV as special event station 5B4XMAS
until December 31 Activity is on 160 to 10 meters using CW SSB
and various digital modes QSL via IZ4AMS
SENEGAL 6V Members of the Amateur Radio Association of Senegal
are QRV as 6V1A from Goree Island IOTA AF-045 until December 17
Activity is on the HF bands using CW and SSB QSL via 6W7JX
BARBADOS 8P Ernest J69Z is QRV as 8P9JB until January 2 2018
Activity is on 80 to 10 meters QSL direct to home call
PALESTINE E4 Elvira IV3FSG is QRV as E44YL from Bethlehem until
December 18 Activity is on the various HF bands using SSB and
possibly digital modes QSL via IK3GES
SOUTH COOK ISLANDS E5 Mauri AG1LE is QRV as E51DXX from
Rarotonga IOTA OC-013 until December 29 Activity is holiday
style on the HF bands using SSB PSK31 and FT8 QSL to home call
CANARY ISLANDS EA8 Rieder HB9FIH is QRV as EA8HB9FIH from El
Hierro Island IOTA AF-004 until the end of March 2018 Activity
is on 80 to 10 meters and possibly 6 meters using CW RTTY PSK
and some SSB QSL to home call
SOLOMON ISLANDS H4 Shane VK4KHZ is QRV as H44DA from Busone
Malaita Province until early January 2018 Activity is on 80 to 10
meters and satellite SO-50 but with a primary emphasis on 6
meters QSL direct to home call
REPUBLIC OF KOREA HL Special event call DT23WOP is QRV until
February 28 2018 during the Winter Olympic Games that will be held
here QSL via HL1IWD
DJIBOUTI J2 Dane S53T is QRV as J28ND until December 17
Activity is in his spare time on the HF bands using CW SSB and
RTTY QSL via S57DX
SVALBARD JW Morten LA4JSA is QRV as JW4JSA from Bear Island
IOTA EU-027 until June 1 2018 while on work assignment Activity
is in his spare time on the various HF bands QSL to home call
BELGIUM ON Members of the Club Radio Durnal will be QRV as
OT100BCA on December 17 from the Royal Castle of Laeken QSL via
ON4RCD
POLAND SP Special event station SN20WHL is QRV until December 20
to draw attention to the city of Torun that was put on the UNESCO
World Heritage List 20 years ago QSL via SP2TMT
CORSICA TK Georg NZ1C will be QRV as TKNZ1C from December 16 to
24 Activity will be holiday style on 40 to 10 meters using mainly
CW with some SSB RTTY PSK and FT8 QSL via DD5ZZ
19
UKRAINE UR Members of the amateur radio club Band are QRV as
EM25IWW until the end of the year to celebrate the clubs 25th
anniversary QSL via UR7IWW
INDIA VU Members of the Manipal Institute of Technology radio
club are QRV as AT6MIT until January 7 2018 to celebrate the
institutions 60th anniversary QSL via VU3BUN
ROMANIA YO Special event station YP2018HNY will be QRV from
December 15 to January 15 2018 to celebrate Christmas and the New
Year 2018 Activity will be on the HF bands QSL via YO3KPA
THIS WEEKEND ON THE RADIO The ARRL CW Rookie Roundup NCCC RTTY
Sprint 80-Meter QRP CW Fox Hunt NCCC CW Sprint UN DIGI Contest
AGB-Party Contest Russian 160-Meter Contest Feld Hell Sprint OK
DX RTTY Contest Padang DX Contest and the Croatian CW Contest are
all on tap for this upcoming weekend
The Run for the Bacon QRP CW Contest is scheduled for December 18
The CWops Mini-CWT CW Test Phone Fray and 40-Meter QRP CW Fox Hunt
are scheduled for December 20
Please see December QST page 73 and the ARRL and WA7BNM Contest
Web Sites for detailsNNNN EX
SK ndash SILENT KEY ndash PASSAMENTOS
Nihil
________________________________________________
ENCERRAMENTO
AGRADECEMOS AOS COLEGAS QUE ESTIVERAM ACOMPANHANDO NA NOSSA
TRANSMISSAtildeO Agrave DISTINTA ESCUTA DA ANATEL SE POR VENTURA NOS ESTEJA
MONITORANDO E A TODOS AQUELES QUE DE UMA MANEIRA OU DE OUTRA
TOMARAM CONHECIMENTO DESTE QTC LABRE-DF Nordm 502017 COMUNICADOS DE
FALHAS CRIacuteTICAS E APOIO DEVEM SER DIRIGIDOS AO DIRETOR DE
RADIOAMADORISMO RENDY-PT2IQ QUE AS ANALISARAacute E RESPONDERAacute SE
NECESSAacuteRIO ESTE QTC LABRE-DF OBSERVA SEMPRE O DIREITO DE CRIacuteTICA E
RESPOSTA NO MESMO ESPACcedilO UTILIZADO PARA A NOTA CONTESTADA SEMPRE
LEMBRANDO QUE O DIREITO TEM DUAS MAtildeOS DE DIRECcedilAtildeO
Brasiacutelia 16 DE DEZEMBRO DE 2017
PT2GTI ROBERTO FRANCA STUCKERT
DIRETOR-PRESIDENTE LABRE-DF
PT2IQ MIGUEL RENDY
DIRETOR DE RADIOAMADORISMO LABRE-DF
11
3Resistance to interference
4Technical information
5BPSK31 and QPSK31 variants
6Spectrum efficiency compared to other modes
7Common frequencies
8References
9Further reading
10External links
History[edit]
PSK31 was developed and named by English amateur radio operator Peter Martinez (call sign G3PLX) and introduced to the wider amateur radio community in December 1998[1][2]
The 31 baud BPSK modulation system used in PSK31 was introduced by Pawel Jalocha (SP9VRC) in his SLOWBPSK program written for Motorolas EVM radio Instead of the traditional frequency-shift keying the information is transmitted by patterns of polarity-reversals (sometimes called 180-degree phase shifts) PSK31 was enthusiastically received and its usage grew like wildfire worldwide lending a new popularity and tone to the on-air conduct of digital communications[citation needed] Due to the efficiency of the mode it became and still remains especially popular with operators whose circumstances do not permit the erection of large antenna systems the use of high power or both
Use and implementation[edit]
A sample PSK31
transmission
MENU
000
The text Welcome to
Wikipedia the free
encyclopedia that anyone
can edit sent as PSK31
(QPSK)
Problems playing this file See media help
A PSK31 operator typically uses a single-sideband (SSB) transceiver connected to the sound card of a computer running PSK31 software When the operator enters a message for transmission the software produces an audio tone that sounds to the human ear like a continuous whistle with a slight warble This sound is then fed through either a microphone jack (using an intermediate resistive attenuator to reduce the sound cards output power to microphone levels) or an auxiliary connection into the transceiver from which it is transmitted [3]
From the perspective of the transmitter the sound amounts to little more than somebody whistling into the microphone However the software rapidly shifts the phase of the audio signal between two states (hence the name phase-shift keying) forming the character codes These phase shifts serve the same function as the two tones used in traditional RTTY and similar systems
To decode PSK31 the audio whistle received from the transceivers headphone output is fed into a computer sound cards audio input and software decodes it The software displays the decoded text[3]
Because PSK31 was developed for use through a computers sound card many programs have since been created to use the same technology for other modes such as RTTY Hellschreiber and Olivia MFSK So once it has been set up to run PSK31 a computer can be used to explore a variety of digital message transmission modes
12
Aside from a standard radio transceiver and a computer with a sound card very little equipment is required to use PSK31 Normally an older computer and a few cables will suffice and many PSK31 software applications are free Many operators now use a commercially available interfacemodem device (or nomic) between their computers and radios These devices incorporate the necessary impedance matching and sound level adjustment to permit the sound card output to be injected into the microphone input send the radios audio output to the sound card input and handle the radios transmit-receive switching Soundcard to radio interfaces typically use isolation transformers on both the send and receive audio paths to eliminate hum caused by ground-loops Recently introduced interfaces also incorporate their own sound card and can be powered and run from the computer via a single USB connection
Resistance to interference[edit]
Like other narrow band digital modes PSK31 can often overcome interference and poor propagation conditions in situations where voice or other methods of communication fail However PSK31 was designed only for leisure use by amateurs and due to its relatively slow speed and limited error control is not suitable for transmitting large blocks of data or text or critical data requiring high immunity from errors
PSK31 works well over propagation paths that preserve phase and resists fading (QSB) well However it can be adversely affected by propagation modesmdashsuch as transpolar pathsmdashwhere auroral flutter or multipathing can disrupt the signal phase continuity In such cases the use of QPSK (see below) is often beneficial
Some software supports PSK10 and PSK05 variants running at 10 baud and 5 baud respectively These slower speeds sacrifice throughput to provide greater resistance to noise and other interference Conversely PSK63 is increasingly used for faster exchanges especially during amateur radio contest operating
Technical information[edit]
Example of PSK31 modulation
PSK31 is typically created by software that generates an amplitude- and phase-modulated waveform that is converted to an audio frequency analog signal by a sound card In the most-commonly-used variant BPSK31 binary information is transmitted by either imparting a 180-degree phase shift (a binary zero) or no phase shift (a binary one) in each 32ms symbol interval The 180-degree phase shift for a zero bit code occurs at a null amplitude[4]
As shown in the figure a cosine filter is used to smooth the rise and fall times of the audio waveform and eliminate key clicks All subsequent amplification of the signal must be linear to preserve the modulation waveform and ensure minimum occupied bandwidth In practice this means limiting the transmit audio volume to below the level where the transmitter generates Automatic Level Control (ALC) feedback and disabling any audio compression or speech processing
The Varicode is a kind of Fibonacci code where the boundaries between character codes are marked by two or more consecutive zeros Like all Fibonacci codes since no character code contains more than one consecutive zero the software can easily identify the spaces between characters regardless of the length of the character The idle sequence sent when an operator is not typing is a continuous sequence of phase-shifts which do not print on the screen[2] Martinez arranged the character alphabet so that as in Morse code the more frequently occurring characters have the shortest encodings while rarer characters use longer encodings He named this encoding scheme varicode
PSK31s symbol rate of 3125 Hz was chosen because a normal typing speed of about 50 words per minute requires a bit rate of about 32 bits per second and specifically because 3125 Hz could easily be derived from the 8 kHz sample rate used in many DSP systems including those used in the computer sound cards
13
commonly used for PSK31 operation (3125 Hz is 8 kHz divided by 256 and so can be derived from 8 kHz by halving the frequency eight times in succession)
BPSK31 and QPSK31 variants[edit]
Colloquial usage of the term PSK31 in amateur radio usually implies the use of the most commonly used variant of PSK31 binary phase shift keying (BPSK) BPSK uses no error control but an allied mode QPSK31 quadrature phase shift keying uses four phases instead of two to provide a degree of forward error correction It is simple to switch from BPSK to QPSK if difficulties arise during a contact When QPSK is used after encoding into varicode the binary signal is further transformed into a quaternary set of phase shifts A sliding window of five bits is used to select one of the four possible phase shifts providing a means of error correction by spreading each bit of data across adjacent bits Successful decoding of an input bit requires a large number of phase shift sequences to be received causing a 20-bit 640-millisecond latency (delay) in the output of the decoder[5]
Spectrum efficiency compared to other modes[edit]
PSK31s efficiency and narrow bandwidth make it highly suitable for low-power and crowded-band operation PSK31 contacts can be conducted at less than 100 Hz separation so with disciplined operation at least twenty simultaneous PSK31 contacts can be carried out side-by-side in the 25 kHz bandwidth required for just one SSB voice contact
Common frequencies[edit]
The following amateur radio frequencies are commonly used for transmitting and receiving PSK31 signals They normally occupy the lower edge of each bands digital modes section PSK31 operators generally use upper sideband (USB) even on frequencies below 10 MHz where the convention normally calls for lower sideband This is because (a) signals then spread upwards into the digimode section from the base frequency and (b) using QPSK requires both stations to use the same sideband
PSK31 Frequencies[6]
Frequency Amateur Band
1838 MHz 160 meter
3580 MHz 80 meter
7035 MHz 40 meter (region 3)
7070 MHz 40 meter (regions 12)
10142 MHz 30 meter
14070 MHz 20 meter
14
18100 MHz 17 meter
21080 MHz 15 meter
24920 MHz 12 meter
28120 MHz 10 meter
50290 MHz 6 meter
144144 MHz 2 meter
22207 MHz 125 meter
4322 MHz 70 centimeter
909 MHz 33 centimeter
Current usage as of 2010 based on observation is centered on 707015 and 2107015 703515 is commonly used in Region 2 as of 2012 There is no authoritative list as the frequencies are determined by common convention
The IARU Region 1 Bandplan was revised in March 2009 to reflect the expanded 40 meter band The CW-only section within Europe Africa the Middle East and the former USSR is now 7000 to 7040 Region 2 - The Americas - followed in September 2013 Region 3 - South Asia and Australasia - has not yet synchronised its bandplan with Regions 1 and 2
References[edit]
1 Jump up^ The ARRL Handbook for Radio Communications 84th Ed (2007)9-13
2 ^ Jump up toa b Steven L Karty N5SK PSK31 Spec ARRL Website Retrieved 18 Dec 2010
3 ^ Jump up toa b Jacob Gillespie KD5TEN PSK31 guide Retrieved 2016-06-12
4 Jump up^ McDermott Tom (1998) Wireless Digital Communications Design and Theory Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Corporation p 50 ISBN 0-9644707-2-1
5 Jump up^ Peter Martinez G3PLX PSK31 theory Retrieved 2011-08-08
6 Jump up^ httpaintelbiehuespsk31html
Further reading[edit]
Martinez Peter PSK31 A new radio-teletype mode with a traditional philosophy (PDF) (November 1998)
Steve Ford WB8IMY (2001) Chapter 4 - PSK31 ARRLs HF digital handbook Newington CT The American Radio Relay League ISBN 0-87259-823-3
Meltz Steve The New HF Digital Modes - PSK31 QST April 1999 pp 50-51
15
Martinez Peter [1] PSK31 A New Radio-Teletype Mode RadCom December 1998 updated February 1999
External links[edit]
The Official PSK31 Page
PSK31 Setup and Operation | a PSK31 guide
PSK31 email discussion list with contests app reviews and more
European PSK Club
An online PSK31 receiver tuned to the active Ham band
Another PSK31 receiver in Ukraine
[hide]
v
t
e
Amateur radio digital modes
Frequency-shift keying (FSK)
RTTY
AMTOR SITOR
PACTOR
CLOVER2000
Packet radio (Bell 103
Bell 202)
Multiple frequency-shift keying (MFSK)
Olivia MFSK
Contestia
JT65
FSK441
JT6M
WSPR
Phase-shift keying (PSK)
PSK31
PSK63
Q15X25
COFDM MT63 (based on PSK)
Non-traditional digital modes
Hellschreiber (Feld-Hell)
On-off keying
Continuous wave
Modulated continuous wave
Pulse modulation
Frequency-hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
16
Categories
Quantized radio modulation modes
Packet radio
NOTAS SOCIAIS
ANIVERSARIANTES
Periacuteodo de 17 a 23 de dezembro de 2017
17 VILZIMAR FERREIRA GOMES CRISTALOIDE DE EDWARD SCHILLER-PT2PYC
17 MARCOS ANTONIO DE LIMA BRITO CRISTALOIDE DE ANTONIO DE BRITO-PT2OK
18 EULER DA VEIGA DIAS PT2PF
20 JORGE FLAVIO TEIXEIRA FERNANDES PT2IW REMIDO
21 FABIO DANIEL ROCHA DO NASCIMENTO PT2PRF
21 MARIA PAULA FERREIRA ARECO CRISTALOIDE DE JAFFER ARECO-PT2AZ
21 MARISA C SILVA OLIVEIRA CRISTALOIDE DE ANTONIO ISIDORIO DE OLIVEIRA-PT2AI
21 PEDRO PAULO VASCONCELOS CRISTALOIDE DE EDNEWTON DE VASCONCELOS-PT2EW
22 IRON ANTOcircNIO DOS SANTOS PT2IAS
22 PAULO WILSON DIAS DA SILVA CRISTALOIDE DE PAULO JOSEacuteDA SILVA-PT2APJ
23 RAUL DE ARAUacuteJO CARNEIRO PT2RAC
23 ANTOcircNIO BERTHOLDO GALVAtildeO PT2AG REMIDO
23 CELSO LUIZ KOGLER PP2CK
23 YARA GABRIELLE G DA CONCEICcedilAtildeO CRISTALOIDE DE LEONARDO GONCcedilALVES-PU2ABT
23 CRISTIANE JOFFILY PU2ARE CRISTALOIDE DE ICILIO JOFFILY-PT2IP
23 ANTONIO BERTHOLDO GALVAtildeO PT2AG
17
OBS SOLICITAMOS QUE TODOS OS COLEGAS LABREANOS COMPARECcedilAM Agrave SEDE DA
LABRE-DF PARA REALIZAREM RECADASTRAMENTO DE SEUS DADOS PARA MELHOR
CONTROLE INCLUSIVE COM ATUALIZACcedilAtildeO DE DEPENDENTES
DATAS COMEMORATIVAS
Periacuteodo de 17 a 23 de dezembro de 2017
Dia de Satildeo Laacutezaro
18SEG
Dia do Museoacutelogo
18SEG
Dia de Satildeo Zoacutezimo
20QUA
Dia do Mecacircnico
21QUI
Dia do Atleta
23SAacuteB
Dia do Vizinho
NOTIacuteCIAS DE DX
ARRL DX Bulletin ARLD050 (2017) - ARLD050 news
SB DX ARL $ARLD050
ARLD050 DX news
ZCZC AE50
QST de W1AW
DX Bulletin 50 ARLD050
From ARRL Headquarters
Newington CT December 14 2017
To all radio amateurs
SB DX ARL ARLD050
ARLD050 DX news
This weeks bulletin was made possible with information provided by
the OPDX Bulletin 425 DX News DXNL Contest Corral from QST and
the ARRL Contest Calendar and WA7BNM web sites Thanks to all
VIET NAM 3W Dirk DF2XG is QRV as 3W9XG from Hai Phong while here
on work assignment Activity is in his spare time on 40 to 10
meters using CW His length of stay is unknown QSL via operators
instructions
GEORGIA 4L Vlad UA4WHX will soon be QRV as 4LUA4WHX Activity
will be on 40 to 17 meters using CW SSB and RTTY His length of
stay is unknown QSL to home call
18
CYPRUS 5B Alex 5B4ALX is QRV as special event station 5B4XMAS
until December 31 Activity is on 160 to 10 meters using CW SSB
and various digital modes QSL via IZ4AMS
SENEGAL 6V Members of the Amateur Radio Association of Senegal
are QRV as 6V1A from Goree Island IOTA AF-045 until December 17
Activity is on the HF bands using CW and SSB QSL via 6W7JX
BARBADOS 8P Ernest J69Z is QRV as 8P9JB until January 2 2018
Activity is on 80 to 10 meters QSL direct to home call
PALESTINE E4 Elvira IV3FSG is QRV as E44YL from Bethlehem until
December 18 Activity is on the various HF bands using SSB and
possibly digital modes QSL via IK3GES
SOUTH COOK ISLANDS E5 Mauri AG1LE is QRV as E51DXX from
Rarotonga IOTA OC-013 until December 29 Activity is holiday
style on the HF bands using SSB PSK31 and FT8 QSL to home call
CANARY ISLANDS EA8 Rieder HB9FIH is QRV as EA8HB9FIH from El
Hierro Island IOTA AF-004 until the end of March 2018 Activity
is on 80 to 10 meters and possibly 6 meters using CW RTTY PSK
and some SSB QSL to home call
SOLOMON ISLANDS H4 Shane VK4KHZ is QRV as H44DA from Busone
Malaita Province until early January 2018 Activity is on 80 to 10
meters and satellite SO-50 but with a primary emphasis on 6
meters QSL direct to home call
REPUBLIC OF KOREA HL Special event call DT23WOP is QRV until
February 28 2018 during the Winter Olympic Games that will be held
here QSL via HL1IWD
DJIBOUTI J2 Dane S53T is QRV as J28ND until December 17
Activity is in his spare time on the HF bands using CW SSB and
RTTY QSL via S57DX
SVALBARD JW Morten LA4JSA is QRV as JW4JSA from Bear Island
IOTA EU-027 until June 1 2018 while on work assignment Activity
is in his spare time on the various HF bands QSL to home call
BELGIUM ON Members of the Club Radio Durnal will be QRV as
OT100BCA on December 17 from the Royal Castle of Laeken QSL via
ON4RCD
POLAND SP Special event station SN20WHL is QRV until December 20
to draw attention to the city of Torun that was put on the UNESCO
World Heritage List 20 years ago QSL via SP2TMT
CORSICA TK Georg NZ1C will be QRV as TKNZ1C from December 16 to
24 Activity will be holiday style on 40 to 10 meters using mainly
CW with some SSB RTTY PSK and FT8 QSL via DD5ZZ
19
UKRAINE UR Members of the amateur radio club Band are QRV as
EM25IWW until the end of the year to celebrate the clubs 25th
anniversary QSL via UR7IWW
INDIA VU Members of the Manipal Institute of Technology radio
club are QRV as AT6MIT until January 7 2018 to celebrate the
institutions 60th anniversary QSL via VU3BUN
ROMANIA YO Special event station YP2018HNY will be QRV from
December 15 to January 15 2018 to celebrate Christmas and the New
Year 2018 Activity will be on the HF bands QSL via YO3KPA
THIS WEEKEND ON THE RADIO The ARRL CW Rookie Roundup NCCC RTTY
Sprint 80-Meter QRP CW Fox Hunt NCCC CW Sprint UN DIGI Contest
AGB-Party Contest Russian 160-Meter Contest Feld Hell Sprint OK
DX RTTY Contest Padang DX Contest and the Croatian CW Contest are
all on tap for this upcoming weekend
The Run for the Bacon QRP CW Contest is scheduled for December 18
The CWops Mini-CWT CW Test Phone Fray and 40-Meter QRP CW Fox Hunt
are scheduled for December 20
Please see December QST page 73 and the ARRL and WA7BNM Contest
Web Sites for detailsNNNN EX
SK ndash SILENT KEY ndash PASSAMENTOS
Nihil
________________________________________________
ENCERRAMENTO
AGRADECEMOS AOS COLEGAS QUE ESTIVERAM ACOMPANHANDO NA NOSSA
TRANSMISSAtildeO Agrave DISTINTA ESCUTA DA ANATEL SE POR VENTURA NOS ESTEJA
MONITORANDO E A TODOS AQUELES QUE DE UMA MANEIRA OU DE OUTRA
TOMARAM CONHECIMENTO DESTE QTC LABRE-DF Nordm 502017 COMUNICADOS DE
FALHAS CRIacuteTICAS E APOIO DEVEM SER DIRIGIDOS AO DIRETOR DE
RADIOAMADORISMO RENDY-PT2IQ QUE AS ANALISARAacute E RESPONDERAacute SE
NECESSAacuteRIO ESTE QTC LABRE-DF OBSERVA SEMPRE O DIREITO DE CRIacuteTICA E
RESPOSTA NO MESMO ESPACcedilO UTILIZADO PARA A NOTA CONTESTADA SEMPRE
LEMBRANDO QUE O DIREITO TEM DUAS MAtildeOS DE DIRECcedilAtildeO
Brasiacutelia 16 DE DEZEMBRO DE 2017
PT2GTI ROBERTO FRANCA STUCKERT
DIRETOR-PRESIDENTE LABRE-DF
PT2IQ MIGUEL RENDY
DIRETOR DE RADIOAMADORISMO LABRE-DF
12
Aside from a standard radio transceiver and a computer with a sound card very little equipment is required to use PSK31 Normally an older computer and a few cables will suffice and many PSK31 software applications are free Many operators now use a commercially available interfacemodem device (or nomic) between their computers and radios These devices incorporate the necessary impedance matching and sound level adjustment to permit the sound card output to be injected into the microphone input send the radios audio output to the sound card input and handle the radios transmit-receive switching Soundcard to radio interfaces typically use isolation transformers on both the send and receive audio paths to eliminate hum caused by ground-loops Recently introduced interfaces also incorporate their own sound card and can be powered and run from the computer via a single USB connection
Resistance to interference[edit]
Like other narrow band digital modes PSK31 can often overcome interference and poor propagation conditions in situations where voice or other methods of communication fail However PSK31 was designed only for leisure use by amateurs and due to its relatively slow speed and limited error control is not suitable for transmitting large blocks of data or text or critical data requiring high immunity from errors
PSK31 works well over propagation paths that preserve phase and resists fading (QSB) well However it can be adversely affected by propagation modesmdashsuch as transpolar pathsmdashwhere auroral flutter or multipathing can disrupt the signal phase continuity In such cases the use of QPSK (see below) is often beneficial
Some software supports PSK10 and PSK05 variants running at 10 baud and 5 baud respectively These slower speeds sacrifice throughput to provide greater resistance to noise and other interference Conversely PSK63 is increasingly used for faster exchanges especially during amateur radio contest operating
Technical information[edit]
Example of PSK31 modulation
PSK31 is typically created by software that generates an amplitude- and phase-modulated waveform that is converted to an audio frequency analog signal by a sound card In the most-commonly-used variant BPSK31 binary information is transmitted by either imparting a 180-degree phase shift (a binary zero) or no phase shift (a binary one) in each 32ms symbol interval The 180-degree phase shift for a zero bit code occurs at a null amplitude[4]
As shown in the figure a cosine filter is used to smooth the rise and fall times of the audio waveform and eliminate key clicks All subsequent amplification of the signal must be linear to preserve the modulation waveform and ensure minimum occupied bandwidth In practice this means limiting the transmit audio volume to below the level where the transmitter generates Automatic Level Control (ALC) feedback and disabling any audio compression or speech processing
The Varicode is a kind of Fibonacci code where the boundaries between character codes are marked by two or more consecutive zeros Like all Fibonacci codes since no character code contains more than one consecutive zero the software can easily identify the spaces between characters regardless of the length of the character The idle sequence sent when an operator is not typing is a continuous sequence of phase-shifts which do not print on the screen[2] Martinez arranged the character alphabet so that as in Morse code the more frequently occurring characters have the shortest encodings while rarer characters use longer encodings He named this encoding scheme varicode
PSK31s symbol rate of 3125 Hz was chosen because a normal typing speed of about 50 words per minute requires a bit rate of about 32 bits per second and specifically because 3125 Hz could easily be derived from the 8 kHz sample rate used in many DSP systems including those used in the computer sound cards
13
commonly used for PSK31 operation (3125 Hz is 8 kHz divided by 256 and so can be derived from 8 kHz by halving the frequency eight times in succession)
BPSK31 and QPSK31 variants[edit]
Colloquial usage of the term PSK31 in amateur radio usually implies the use of the most commonly used variant of PSK31 binary phase shift keying (BPSK) BPSK uses no error control but an allied mode QPSK31 quadrature phase shift keying uses four phases instead of two to provide a degree of forward error correction It is simple to switch from BPSK to QPSK if difficulties arise during a contact When QPSK is used after encoding into varicode the binary signal is further transformed into a quaternary set of phase shifts A sliding window of five bits is used to select one of the four possible phase shifts providing a means of error correction by spreading each bit of data across adjacent bits Successful decoding of an input bit requires a large number of phase shift sequences to be received causing a 20-bit 640-millisecond latency (delay) in the output of the decoder[5]
Spectrum efficiency compared to other modes[edit]
PSK31s efficiency and narrow bandwidth make it highly suitable for low-power and crowded-band operation PSK31 contacts can be conducted at less than 100 Hz separation so with disciplined operation at least twenty simultaneous PSK31 contacts can be carried out side-by-side in the 25 kHz bandwidth required for just one SSB voice contact
Common frequencies[edit]
The following amateur radio frequencies are commonly used for transmitting and receiving PSK31 signals They normally occupy the lower edge of each bands digital modes section PSK31 operators generally use upper sideband (USB) even on frequencies below 10 MHz where the convention normally calls for lower sideband This is because (a) signals then spread upwards into the digimode section from the base frequency and (b) using QPSK requires both stations to use the same sideband
PSK31 Frequencies[6]
Frequency Amateur Band
1838 MHz 160 meter
3580 MHz 80 meter
7035 MHz 40 meter (region 3)
7070 MHz 40 meter (regions 12)
10142 MHz 30 meter
14070 MHz 20 meter
14
18100 MHz 17 meter
21080 MHz 15 meter
24920 MHz 12 meter
28120 MHz 10 meter
50290 MHz 6 meter
144144 MHz 2 meter
22207 MHz 125 meter
4322 MHz 70 centimeter
909 MHz 33 centimeter
Current usage as of 2010 based on observation is centered on 707015 and 2107015 703515 is commonly used in Region 2 as of 2012 There is no authoritative list as the frequencies are determined by common convention
The IARU Region 1 Bandplan was revised in March 2009 to reflect the expanded 40 meter band The CW-only section within Europe Africa the Middle East and the former USSR is now 7000 to 7040 Region 2 - The Americas - followed in September 2013 Region 3 - South Asia and Australasia - has not yet synchronised its bandplan with Regions 1 and 2
References[edit]
1 Jump up^ The ARRL Handbook for Radio Communications 84th Ed (2007)9-13
2 ^ Jump up toa b Steven L Karty N5SK PSK31 Spec ARRL Website Retrieved 18 Dec 2010
3 ^ Jump up toa b Jacob Gillespie KD5TEN PSK31 guide Retrieved 2016-06-12
4 Jump up^ McDermott Tom (1998) Wireless Digital Communications Design and Theory Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Corporation p 50 ISBN 0-9644707-2-1
5 Jump up^ Peter Martinez G3PLX PSK31 theory Retrieved 2011-08-08
6 Jump up^ httpaintelbiehuespsk31html
Further reading[edit]
Martinez Peter PSK31 A new radio-teletype mode with a traditional philosophy (PDF) (November 1998)
Steve Ford WB8IMY (2001) Chapter 4 - PSK31 ARRLs HF digital handbook Newington CT The American Radio Relay League ISBN 0-87259-823-3
Meltz Steve The New HF Digital Modes - PSK31 QST April 1999 pp 50-51
15
Martinez Peter [1] PSK31 A New Radio-Teletype Mode RadCom December 1998 updated February 1999
External links[edit]
The Official PSK31 Page
PSK31 Setup and Operation | a PSK31 guide
PSK31 email discussion list with contests app reviews and more
European PSK Club
An online PSK31 receiver tuned to the active Ham band
Another PSK31 receiver in Ukraine
[hide]
v
t
e
Amateur radio digital modes
Frequency-shift keying (FSK)
RTTY
AMTOR SITOR
PACTOR
CLOVER2000
Packet radio (Bell 103
Bell 202)
Multiple frequency-shift keying (MFSK)
Olivia MFSK
Contestia
JT65
FSK441
JT6M
WSPR
Phase-shift keying (PSK)
PSK31
PSK63
Q15X25
COFDM MT63 (based on PSK)
Non-traditional digital modes
Hellschreiber (Feld-Hell)
On-off keying
Continuous wave
Modulated continuous wave
Pulse modulation
Frequency-hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
16
Categories
Quantized radio modulation modes
Packet radio
NOTAS SOCIAIS
ANIVERSARIANTES
Periacuteodo de 17 a 23 de dezembro de 2017
17 VILZIMAR FERREIRA GOMES CRISTALOIDE DE EDWARD SCHILLER-PT2PYC
17 MARCOS ANTONIO DE LIMA BRITO CRISTALOIDE DE ANTONIO DE BRITO-PT2OK
18 EULER DA VEIGA DIAS PT2PF
20 JORGE FLAVIO TEIXEIRA FERNANDES PT2IW REMIDO
21 FABIO DANIEL ROCHA DO NASCIMENTO PT2PRF
21 MARIA PAULA FERREIRA ARECO CRISTALOIDE DE JAFFER ARECO-PT2AZ
21 MARISA C SILVA OLIVEIRA CRISTALOIDE DE ANTONIO ISIDORIO DE OLIVEIRA-PT2AI
21 PEDRO PAULO VASCONCELOS CRISTALOIDE DE EDNEWTON DE VASCONCELOS-PT2EW
22 IRON ANTOcircNIO DOS SANTOS PT2IAS
22 PAULO WILSON DIAS DA SILVA CRISTALOIDE DE PAULO JOSEacuteDA SILVA-PT2APJ
23 RAUL DE ARAUacuteJO CARNEIRO PT2RAC
23 ANTOcircNIO BERTHOLDO GALVAtildeO PT2AG REMIDO
23 CELSO LUIZ KOGLER PP2CK
23 YARA GABRIELLE G DA CONCEICcedilAtildeO CRISTALOIDE DE LEONARDO GONCcedilALVES-PU2ABT
23 CRISTIANE JOFFILY PU2ARE CRISTALOIDE DE ICILIO JOFFILY-PT2IP
23 ANTONIO BERTHOLDO GALVAtildeO PT2AG
17
OBS SOLICITAMOS QUE TODOS OS COLEGAS LABREANOS COMPARECcedilAM Agrave SEDE DA
LABRE-DF PARA REALIZAREM RECADASTRAMENTO DE SEUS DADOS PARA MELHOR
CONTROLE INCLUSIVE COM ATUALIZACcedilAtildeO DE DEPENDENTES
DATAS COMEMORATIVAS
Periacuteodo de 17 a 23 de dezembro de 2017
Dia de Satildeo Laacutezaro
18SEG
Dia do Museoacutelogo
18SEG
Dia de Satildeo Zoacutezimo
20QUA
Dia do Mecacircnico
21QUI
Dia do Atleta
23SAacuteB
Dia do Vizinho
NOTIacuteCIAS DE DX
ARRL DX Bulletin ARLD050 (2017) - ARLD050 news
SB DX ARL $ARLD050
ARLD050 DX news
ZCZC AE50
QST de W1AW
DX Bulletin 50 ARLD050
From ARRL Headquarters
Newington CT December 14 2017
To all radio amateurs
SB DX ARL ARLD050
ARLD050 DX news
This weeks bulletin was made possible with information provided by
the OPDX Bulletin 425 DX News DXNL Contest Corral from QST and
the ARRL Contest Calendar and WA7BNM web sites Thanks to all
VIET NAM 3W Dirk DF2XG is QRV as 3W9XG from Hai Phong while here
on work assignment Activity is in his spare time on 40 to 10
meters using CW His length of stay is unknown QSL via operators
instructions
GEORGIA 4L Vlad UA4WHX will soon be QRV as 4LUA4WHX Activity
will be on 40 to 17 meters using CW SSB and RTTY His length of
stay is unknown QSL to home call
18
CYPRUS 5B Alex 5B4ALX is QRV as special event station 5B4XMAS
until December 31 Activity is on 160 to 10 meters using CW SSB
and various digital modes QSL via IZ4AMS
SENEGAL 6V Members of the Amateur Radio Association of Senegal
are QRV as 6V1A from Goree Island IOTA AF-045 until December 17
Activity is on the HF bands using CW and SSB QSL via 6W7JX
BARBADOS 8P Ernest J69Z is QRV as 8P9JB until January 2 2018
Activity is on 80 to 10 meters QSL direct to home call
PALESTINE E4 Elvira IV3FSG is QRV as E44YL from Bethlehem until
December 18 Activity is on the various HF bands using SSB and
possibly digital modes QSL via IK3GES
SOUTH COOK ISLANDS E5 Mauri AG1LE is QRV as E51DXX from
Rarotonga IOTA OC-013 until December 29 Activity is holiday
style on the HF bands using SSB PSK31 and FT8 QSL to home call
CANARY ISLANDS EA8 Rieder HB9FIH is QRV as EA8HB9FIH from El
Hierro Island IOTA AF-004 until the end of March 2018 Activity
is on 80 to 10 meters and possibly 6 meters using CW RTTY PSK
and some SSB QSL to home call
SOLOMON ISLANDS H4 Shane VK4KHZ is QRV as H44DA from Busone
Malaita Province until early January 2018 Activity is on 80 to 10
meters and satellite SO-50 but with a primary emphasis on 6
meters QSL direct to home call
REPUBLIC OF KOREA HL Special event call DT23WOP is QRV until
February 28 2018 during the Winter Olympic Games that will be held
here QSL via HL1IWD
DJIBOUTI J2 Dane S53T is QRV as J28ND until December 17
Activity is in his spare time on the HF bands using CW SSB and
RTTY QSL via S57DX
SVALBARD JW Morten LA4JSA is QRV as JW4JSA from Bear Island
IOTA EU-027 until June 1 2018 while on work assignment Activity
is in his spare time on the various HF bands QSL to home call
BELGIUM ON Members of the Club Radio Durnal will be QRV as
OT100BCA on December 17 from the Royal Castle of Laeken QSL via
ON4RCD
POLAND SP Special event station SN20WHL is QRV until December 20
to draw attention to the city of Torun that was put on the UNESCO
World Heritage List 20 years ago QSL via SP2TMT
CORSICA TK Georg NZ1C will be QRV as TKNZ1C from December 16 to
24 Activity will be holiday style on 40 to 10 meters using mainly
CW with some SSB RTTY PSK and FT8 QSL via DD5ZZ
19
UKRAINE UR Members of the amateur radio club Band are QRV as
EM25IWW until the end of the year to celebrate the clubs 25th
anniversary QSL via UR7IWW
INDIA VU Members of the Manipal Institute of Technology radio
club are QRV as AT6MIT until January 7 2018 to celebrate the
institutions 60th anniversary QSL via VU3BUN
ROMANIA YO Special event station YP2018HNY will be QRV from
December 15 to January 15 2018 to celebrate Christmas and the New
Year 2018 Activity will be on the HF bands QSL via YO3KPA
THIS WEEKEND ON THE RADIO The ARRL CW Rookie Roundup NCCC RTTY
Sprint 80-Meter QRP CW Fox Hunt NCCC CW Sprint UN DIGI Contest
AGB-Party Contest Russian 160-Meter Contest Feld Hell Sprint OK
DX RTTY Contest Padang DX Contest and the Croatian CW Contest are
all on tap for this upcoming weekend
The Run for the Bacon QRP CW Contest is scheduled for December 18
The CWops Mini-CWT CW Test Phone Fray and 40-Meter QRP CW Fox Hunt
are scheduled for December 20
Please see December QST page 73 and the ARRL and WA7BNM Contest
Web Sites for detailsNNNN EX
SK ndash SILENT KEY ndash PASSAMENTOS
Nihil
________________________________________________
ENCERRAMENTO
AGRADECEMOS AOS COLEGAS QUE ESTIVERAM ACOMPANHANDO NA NOSSA
TRANSMISSAtildeO Agrave DISTINTA ESCUTA DA ANATEL SE POR VENTURA NOS ESTEJA
MONITORANDO E A TODOS AQUELES QUE DE UMA MANEIRA OU DE OUTRA
TOMARAM CONHECIMENTO DESTE QTC LABRE-DF Nordm 502017 COMUNICADOS DE
FALHAS CRIacuteTICAS E APOIO DEVEM SER DIRIGIDOS AO DIRETOR DE
RADIOAMADORISMO RENDY-PT2IQ QUE AS ANALISARAacute E RESPONDERAacute SE
NECESSAacuteRIO ESTE QTC LABRE-DF OBSERVA SEMPRE O DIREITO DE CRIacuteTICA E
RESPOSTA NO MESMO ESPACcedilO UTILIZADO PARA A NOTA CONTESTADA SEMPRE
LEMBRANDO QUE O DIREITO TEM DUAS MAtildeOS DE DIRECcedilAtildeO
Brasiacutelia 16 DE DEZEMBRO DE 2017
PT2GTI ROBERTO FRANCA STUCKERT
DIRETOR-PRESIDENTE LABRE-DF
PT2IQ MIGUEL RENDY
DIRETOR DE RADIOAMADORISMO LABRE-DF
13
commonly used for PSK31 operation (3125 Hz is 8 kHz divided by 256 and so can be derived from 8 kHz by halving the frequency eight times in succession)
BPSK31 and QPSK31 variants[edit]
Colloquial usage of the term PSK31 in amateur radio usually implies the use of the most commonly used variant of PSK31 binary phase shift keying (BPSK) BPSK uses no error control but an allied mode QPSK31 quadrature phase shift keying uses four phases instead of two to provide a degree of forward error correction It is simple to switch from BPSK to QPSK if difficulties arise during a contact When QPSK is used after encoding into varicode the binary signal is further transformed into a quaternary set of phase shifts A sliding window of five bits is used to select one of the four possible phase shifts providing a means of error correction by spreading each bit of data across adjacent bits Successful decoding of an input bit requires a large number of phase shift sequences to be received causing a 20-bit 640-millisecond latency (delay) in the output of the decoder[5]
Spectrum efficiency compared to other modes[edit]
PSK31s efficiency and narrow bandwidth make it highly suitable for low-power and crowded-band operation PSK31 contacts can be conducted at less than 100 Hz separation so with disciplined operation at least twenty simultaneous PSK31 contacts can be carried out side-by-side in the 25 kHz bandwidth required for just one SSB voice contact
Common frequencies[edit]
The following amateur radio frequencies are commonly used for transmitting and receiving PSK31 signals They normally occupy the lower edge of each bands digital modes section PSK31 operators generally use upper sideband (USB) even on frequencies below 10 MHz where the convention normally calls for lower sideband This is because (a) signals then spread upwards into the digimode section from the base frequency and (b) using QPSK requires both stations to use the same sideband
PSK31 Frequencies[6]
Frequency Amateur Band
1838 MHz 160 meter
3580 MHz 80 meter
7035 MHz 40 meter (region 3)
7070 MHz 40 meter (regions 12)
10142 MHz 30 meter
14070 MHz 20 meter
14
18100 MHz 17 meter
21080 MHz 15 meter
24920 MHz 12 meter
28120 MHz 10 meter
50290 MHz 6 meter
144144 MHz 2 meter
22207 MHz 125 meter
4322 MHz 70 centimeter
909 MHz 33 centimeter
Current usage as of 2010 based on observation is centered on 707015 and 2107015 703515 is commonly used in Region 2 as of 2012 There is no authoritative list as the frequencies are determined by common convention
The IARU Region 1 Bandplan was revised in March 2009 to reflect the expanded 40 meter band The CW-only section within Europe Africa the Middle East and the former USSR is now 7000 to 7040 Region 2 - The Americas - followed in September 2013 Region 3 - South Asia and Australasia - has not yet synchronised its bandplan with Regions 1 and 2
References[edit]
1 Jump up^ The ARRL Handbook for Radio Communications 84th Ed (2007)9-13
2 ^ Jump up toa b Steven L Karty N5SK PSK31 Spec ARRL Website Retrieved 18 Dec 2010
3 ^ Jump up toa b Jacob Gillespie KD5TEN PSK31 guide Retrieved 2016-06-12
4 Jump up^ McDermott Tom (1998) Wireless Digital Communications Design and Theory Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Corporation p 50 ISBN 0-9644707-2-1
5 Jump up^ Peter Martinez G3PLX PSK31 theory Retrieved 2011-08-08
6 Jump up^ httpaintelbiehuespsk31html
Further reading[edit]
Martinez Peter PSK31 A new radio-teletype mode with a traditional philosophy (PDF) (November 1998)
Steve Ford WB8IMY (2001) Chapter 4 - PSK31 ARRLs HF digital handbook Newington CT The American Radio Relay League ISBN 0-87259-823-3
Meltz Steve The New HF Digital Modes - PSK31 QST April 1999 pp 50-51
15
Martinez Peter [1] PSK31 A New Radio-Teletype Mode RadCom December 1998 updated February 1999
External links[edit]
The Official PSK31 Page
PSK31 Setup and Operation | a PSK31 guide
PSK31 email discussion list with contests app reviews and more
European PSK Club
An online PSK31 receiver tuned to the active Ham band
Another PSK31 receiver in Ukraine
[hide]
v
t
e
Amateur radio digital modes
Frequency-shift keying (FSK)
RTTY
AMTOR SITOR
PACTOR
CLOVER2000
Packet radio (Bell 103
Bell 202)
Multiple frequency-shift keying (MFSK)
Olivia MFSK
Contestia
JT65
FSK441
JT6M
WSPR
Phase-shift keying (PSK)
PSK31
PSK63
Q15X25
COFDM MT63 (based on PSK)
Non-traditional digital modes
Hellschreiber (Feld-Hell)
On-off keying
Continuous wave
Modulated continuous wave
Pulse modulation
Frequency-hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
16
Categories
Quantized radio modulation modes
Packet radio
NOTAS SOCIAIS
ANIVERSARIANTES
Periacuteodo de 17 a 23 de dezembro de 2017
17 VILZIMAR FERREIRA GOMES CRISTALOIDE DE EDWARD SCHILLER-PT2PYC
17 MARCOS ANTONIO DE LIMA BRITO CRISTALOIDE DE ANTONIO DE BRITO-PT2OK
18 EULER DA VEIGA DIAS PT2PF
20 JORGE FLAVIO TEIXEIRA FERNANDES PT2IW REMIDO
21 FABIO DANIEL ROCHA DO NASCIMENTO PT2PRF
21 MARIA PAULA FERREIRA ARECO CRISTALOIDE DE JAFFER ARECO-PT2AZ
21 MARISA C SILVA OLIVEIRA CRISTALOIDE DE ANTONIO ISIDORIO DE OLIVEIRA-PT2AI
21 PEDRO PAULO VASCONCELOS CRISTALOIDE DE EDNEWTON DE VASCONCELOS-PT2EW
22 IRON ANTOcircNIO DOS SANTOS PT2IAS
22 PAULO WILSON DIAS DA SILVA CRISTALOIDE DE PAULO JOSEacuteDA SILVA-PT2APJ
23 RAUL DE ARAUacuteJO CARNEIRO PT2RAC
23 ANTOcircNIO BERTHOLDO GALVAtildeO PT2AG REMIDO
23 CELSO LUIZ KOGLER PP2CK
23 YARA GABRIELLE G DA CONCEICcedilAtildeO CRISTALOIDE DE LEONARDO GONCcedilALVES-PU2ABT
23 CRISTIANE JOFFILY PU2ARE CRISTALOIDE DE ICILIO JOFFILY-PT2IP
23 ANTONIO BERTHOLDO GALVAtildeO PT2AG
17
OBS SOLICITAMOS QUE TODOS OS COLEGAS LABREANOS COMPARECcedilAM Agrave SEDE DA
LABRE-DF PARA REALIZAREM RECADASTRAMENTO DE SEUS DADOS PARA MELHOR
CONTROLE INCLUSIVE COM ATUALIZACcedilAtildeO DE DEPENDENTES
DATAS COMEMORATIVAS
Periacuteodo de 17 a 23 de dezembro de 2017
Dia de Satildeo Laacutezaro
18SEG
Dia do Museoacutelogo
18SEG
Dia de Satildeo Zoacutezimo
20QUA
Dia do Mecacircnico
21QUI
Dia do Atleta
23SAacuteB
Dia do Vizinho
NOTIacuteCIAS DE DX
ARRL DX Bulletin ARLD050 (2017) - ARLD050 news
SB DX ARL $ARLD050
ARLD050 DX news
ZCZC AE50
QST de W1AW
DX Bulletin 50 ARLD050
From ARRL Headquarters
Newington CT December 14 2017
To all radio amateurs
SB DX ARL ARLD050
ARLD050 DX news
This weeks bulletin was made possible with information provided by
the OPDX Bulletin 425 DX News DXNL Contest Corral from QST and
the ARRL Contest Calendar and WA7BNM web sites Thanks to all
VIET NAM 3W Dirk DF2XG is QRV as 3W9XG from Hai Phong while here
on work assignment Activity is in his spare time on 40 to 10
meters using CW His length of stay is unknown QSL via operators
instructions
GEORGIA 4L Vlad UA4WHX will soon be QRV as 4LUA4WHX Activity
will be on 40 to 17 meters using CW SSB and RTTY His length of
stay is unknown QSL to home call
18
CYPRUS 5B Alex 5B4ALX is QRV as special event station 5B4XMAS
until December 31 Activity is on 160 to 10 meters using CW SSB
and various digital modes QSL via IZ4AMS
SENEGAL 6V Members of the Amateur Radio Association of Senegal
are QRV as 6V1A from Goree Island IOTA AF-045 until December 17
Activity is on the HF bands using CW and SSB QSL via 6W7JX
BARBADOS 8P Ernest J69Z is QRV as 8P9JB until January 2 2018
Activity is on 80 to 10 meters QSL direct to home call
PALESTINE E4 Elvira IV3FSG is QRV as E44YL from Bethlehem until
December 18 Activity is on the various HF bands using SSB and
possibly digital modes QSL via IK3GES
SOUTH COOK ISLANDS E5 Mauri AG1LE is QRV as E51DXX from
Rarotonga IOTA OC-013 until December 29 Activity is holiday
style on the HF bands using SSB PSK31 and FT8 QSL to home call
CANARY ISLANDS EA8 Rieder HB9FIH is QRV as EA8HB9FIH from El
Hierro Island IOTA AF-004 until the end of March 2018 Activity
is on 80 to 10 meters and possibly 6 meters using CW RTTY PSK
and some SSB QSL to home call
SOLOMON ISLANDS H4 Shane VK4KHZ is QRV as H44DA from Busone
Malaita Province until early January 2018 Activity is on 80 to 10
meters and satellite SO-50 but with a primary emphasis on 6
meters QSL direct to home call
REPUBLIC OF KOREA HL Special event call DT23WOP is QRV until
February 28 2018 during the Winter Olympic Games that will be held
here QSL via HL1IWD
DJIBOUTI J2 Dane S53T is QRV as J28ND until December 17
Activity is in his spare time on the HF bands using CW SSB and
RTTY QSL via S57DX
SVALBARD JW Morten LA4JSA is QRV as JW4JSA from Bear Island
IOTA EU-027 until June 1 2018 while on work assignment Activity
is in his spare time on the various HF bands QSL to home call
BELGIUM ON Members of the Club Radio Durnal will be QRV as
OT100BCA on December 17 from the Royal Castle of Laeken QSL via
ON4RCD
POLAND SP Special event station SN20WHL is QRV until December 20
to draw attention to the city of Torun that was put on the UNESCO
World Heritage List 20 years ago QSL via SP2TMT
CORSICA TK Georg NZ1C will be QRV as TKNZ1C from December 16 to
24 Activity will be holiday style on 40 to 10 meters using mainly
CW with some SSB RTTY PSK and FT8 QSL via DD5ZZ
19
UKRAINE UR Members of the amateur radio club Band are QRV as
EM25IWW until the end of the year to celebrate the clubs 25th
anniversary QSL via UR7IWW
INDIA VU Members of the Manipal Institute of Technology radio
club are QRV as AT6MIT until January 7 2018 to celebrate the
institutions 60th anniversary QSL via VU3BUN
ROMANIA YO Special event station YP2018HNY will be QRV from
December 15 to January 15 2018 to celebrate Christmas and the New
Year 2018 Activity will be on the HF bands QSL via YO3KPA
THIS WEEKEND ON THE RADIO The ARRL CW Rookie Roundup NCCC RTTY
Sprint 80-Meter QRP CW Fox Hunt NCCC CW Sprint UN DIGI Contest
AGB-Party Contest Russian 160-Meter Contest Feld Hell Sprint OK
DX RTTY Contest Padang DX Contest and the Croatian CW Contest are
all on tap for this upcoming weekend
The Run for the Bacon QRP CW Contest is scheduled for December 18
The CWops Mini-CWT CW Test Phone Fray and 40-Meter QRP CW Fox Hunt
are scheduled for December 20
Please see December QST page 73 and the ARRL and WA7BNM Contest
Web Sites for detailsNNNN EX
SK ndash SILENT KEY ndash PASSAMENTOS
Nihil
________________________________________________
ENCERRAMENTO
AGRADECEMOS AOS COLEGAS QUE ESTIVERAM ACOMPANHANDO NA NOSSA
TRANSMISSAtildeO Agrave DISTINTA ESCUTA DA ANATEL SE POR VENTURA NOS ESTEJA
MONITORANDO E A TODOS AQUELES QUE DE UMA MANEIRA OU DE OUTRA
TOMARAM CONHECIMENTO DESTE QTC LABRE-DF Nordm 502017 COMUNICADOS DE
FALHAS CRIacuteTICAS E APOIO DEVEM SER DIRIGIDOS AO DIRETOR DE
RADIOAMADORISMO RENDY-PT2IQ QUE AS ANALISARAacute E RESPONDERAacute SE
NECESSAacuteRIO ESTE QTC LABRE-DF OBSERVA SEMPRE O DIREITO DE CRIacuteTICA E
RESPOSTA NO MESMO ESPACcedilO UTILIZADO PARA A NOTA CONTESTADA SEMPRE
LEMBRANDO QUE O DIREITO TEM DUAS MAtildeOS DE DIRECcedilAtildeO
Brasiacutelia 16 DE DEZEMBRO DE 2017
PT2GTI ROBERTO FRANCA STUCKERT
DIRETOR-PRESIDENTE LABRE-DF
PT2IQ MIGUEL RENDY
DIRETOR DE RADIOAMADORISMO LABRE-DF
14
18100 MHz 17 meter
21080 MHz 15 meter
24920 MHz 12 meter
28120 MHz 10 meter
50290 MHz 6 meter
144144 MHz 2 meter
22207 MHz 125 meter
4322 MHz 70 centimeter
909 MHz 33 centimeter
Current usage as of 2010 based on observation is centered on 707015 and 2107015 703515 is commonly used in Region 2 as of 2012 There is no authoritative list as the frequencies are determined by common convention
The IARU Region 1 Bandplan was revised in March 2009 to reflect the expanded 40 meter band The CW-only section within Europe Africa the Middle East and the former USSR is now 7000 to 7040 Region 2 - The Americas - followed in September 2013 Region 3 - South Asia and Australasia - has not yet synchronised its bandplan with Regions 1 and 2
References[edit]
1 Jump up^ The ARRL Handbook for Radio Communications 84th Ed (2007)9-13
2 ^ Jump up toa b Steven L Karty N5SK PSK31 Spec ARRL Website Retrieved 18 Dec 2010
3 ^ Jump up toa b Jacob Gillespie KD5TEN PSK31 guide Retrieved 2016-06-12
4 Jump up^ McDermott Tom (1998) Wireless Digital Communications Design and Theory Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Corporation p 50 ISBN 0-9644707-2-1
5 Jump up^ Peter Martinez G3PLX PSK31 theory Retrieved 2011-08-08
6 Jump up^ httpaintelbiehuespsk31html
Further reading[edit]
Martinez Peter PSK31 A new radio-teletype mode with a traditional philosophy (PDF) (November 1998)
Steve Ford WB8IMY (2001) Chapter 4 - PSK31 ARRLs HF digital handbook Newington CT The American Radio Relay League ISBN 0-87259-823-3
Meltz Steve The New HF Digital Modes - PSK31 QST April 1999 pp 50-51
15
Martinez Peter [1] PSK31 A New Radio-Teletype Mode RadCom December 1998 updated February 1999
External links[edit]
The Official PSK31 Page
PSK31 Setup and Operation | a PSK31 guide
PSK31 email discussion list with contests app reviews and more
European PSK Club
An online PSK31 receiver tuned to the active Ham band
Another PSK31 receiver in Ukraine
[hide]
v
t
e
Amateur radio digital modes
Frequency-shift keying (FSK)
RTTY
AMTOR SITOR
PACTOR
CLOVER2000
Packet radio (Bell 103
Bell 202)
Multiple frequency-shift keying (MFSK)
Olivia MFSK
Contestia
JT65
FSK441
JT6M
WSPR
Phase-shift keying (PSK)
PSK31
PSK63
Q15X25
COFDM MT63 (based on PSK)
Non-traditional digital modes
Hellschreiber (Feld-Hell)
On-off keying
Continuous wave
Modulated continuous wave
Pulse modulation
Frequency-hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
16
Categories
Quantized radio modulation modes
Packet radio
NOTAS SOCIAIS
ANIVERSARIANTES
Periacuteodo de 17 a 23 de dezembro de 2017
17 VILZIMAR FERREIRA GOMES CRISTALOIDE DE EDWARD SCHILLER-PT2PYC
17 MARCOS ANTONIO DE LIMA BRITO CRISTALOIDE DE ANTONIO DE BRITO-PT2OK
18 EULER DA VEIGA DIAS PT2PF
20 JORGE FLAVIO TEIXEIRA FERNANDES PT2IW REMIDO
21 FABIO DANIEL ROCHA DO NASCIMENTO PT2PRF
21 MARIA PAULA FERREIRA ARECO CRISTALOIDE DE JAFFER ARECO-PT2AZ
21 MARISA C SILVA OLIVEIRA CRISTALOIDE DE ANTONIO ISIDORIO DE OLIVEIRA-PT2AI
21 PEDRO PAULO VASCONCELOS CRISTALOIDE DE EDNEWTON DE VASCONCELOS-PT2EW
22 IRON ANTOcircNIO DOS SANTOS PT2IAS
22 PAULO WILSON DIAS DA SILVA CRISTALOIDE DE PAULO JOSEacuteDA SILVA-PT2APJ
23 RAUL DE ARAUacuteJO CARNEIRO PT2RAC
23 ANTOcircNIO BERTHOLDO GALVAtildeO PT2AG REMIDO
23 CELSO LUIZ KOGLER PP2CK
23 YARA GABRIELLE G DA CONCEICcedilAtildeO CRISTALOIDE DE LEONARDO GONCcedilALVES-PU2ABT
23 CRISTIANE JOFFILY PU2ARE CRISTALOIDE DE ICILIO JOFFILY-PT2IP
23 ANTONIO BERTHOLDO GALVAtildeO PT2AG
17
OBS SOLICITAMOS QUE TODOS OS COLEGAS LABREANOS COMPARECcedilAM Agrave SEDE DA
LABRE-DF PARA REALIZAREM RECADASTRAMENTO DE SEUS DADOS PARA MELHOR
CONTROLE INCLUSIVE COM ATUALIZACcedilAtildeO DE DEPENDENTES
DATAS COMEMORATIVAS
Periacuteodo de 17 a 23 de dezembro de 2017
Dia de Satildeo Laacutezaro
18SEG
Dia do Museoacutelogo
18SEG
Dia de Satildeo Zoacutezimo
20QUA
Dia do Mecacircnico
21QUI
Dia do Atleta
23SAacuteB
Dia do Vizinho
NOTIacuteCIAS DE DX
ARRL DX Bulletin ARLD050 (2017) - ARLD050 news
SB DX ARL $ARLD050
ARLD050 DX news
ZCZC AE50
QST de W1AW
DX Bulletin 50 ARLD050
From ARRL Headquarters
Newington CT December 14 2017
To all radio amateurs
SB DX ARL ARLD050
ARLD050 DX news
This weeks bulletin was made possible with information provided by
the OPDX Bulletin 425 DX News DXNL Contest Corral from QST and
the ARRL Contest Calendar and WA7BNM web sites Thanks to all
VIET NAM 3W Dirk DF2XG is QRV as 3W9XG from Hai Phong while here
on work assignment Activity is in his spare time on 40 to 10
meters using CW His length of stay is unknown QSL via operators
instructions
GEORGIA 4L Vlad UA4WHX will soon be QRV as 4LUA4WHX Activity
will be on 40 to 17 meters using CW SSB and RTTY His length of
stay is unknown QSL to home call
18
CYPRUS 5B Alex 5B4ALX is QRV as special event station 5B4XMAS
until December 31 Activity is on 160 to 10 meters using CW SSB
and various digital modes QSL via IZ4AMS
SENEGAL 6V Members of the Amateur Radio Association of Senegal
are QRV as 6V1A from Goree Island IOTA AF-045 until December 17
Activity is on the HF bands using CW and SSB QSL via 6W7JX
BARBADOS 8P Ernest J69Z is QRV as 8P9JB until January 2 2018
Activity is on 80 to 10 meters QSL direct to home call
PALESTINE E4 Elvira IV3FSG is QRV as E44YL from Bethlehem until
December 18 Activity is on the various HF bands using SSB and
possibly digital modes QSL via IK3GES
SOUTH COOK ISLANDS E5 Mauri AG1LE is QRV as E51DXX from
Rarotonga IOTA OC-013 until December 29 Activity is holiday
style on the HF bands using SSB PSK31 and FT8 QSL to home call
CANARY ISLANDS EA8 Rieder HB9FIH is QRV as EA8HB9FIH from El
Hierro Island IOTA AF-004 until the end of March 2018 Activity
is on 80 to 10 meters and possibly 6 meters using CW RTTY PSK
and some SSB QSL to home call
SOLOMON ISLANDS H4 Shane VK4KHZ is QRV as H44DA from Busone
Malaita Province until early January 2018 Activity is on 80 to 10
meters and satellite SO-50 but with a primary emphasis on 6
meters QSL direct to home call
REPUBLIC OF KOREA HL Special event call DT23WOP is QRV until
February 28 2018 during the Winter Olympic Games that will be held
here QSL via HL1IWD
DJIBOUTI J2 Dane S53T is QRV as J28ND until December 17
Activity is in his spare time on the HF bands using CW SSB and
RTTY QSL via S57DX
SVALBARD JW Morten LA4JSA is QRV as JW4JSA from Bear Island
IOTA EU-027 until June 1 2018 while on work assignment Activity
is in his spare time on the various HF bands QSL to home call
BELGIUM ON Members of the Club Radio Durnal will be QRV as
OT100BCA on December 17 from the Royal Castle of Laeken QSL via
ON4RCD
POLAND SP Special event station SN20WHL is QRV until December 20
to draw attention to the city of Torun that was put on the UNESCO
World Heritage List 20 years ago QSL via SP2TMT
CORSICA TK Georg NZ1C will be QRV as TKNZ1C from December 16 to
24 Activity will be holiday style on 40 to 10 meters using mainly
CW with some SSB RTTY PSK and FT8 QSL via DD5ZZ
19
UKRAINE UR Members of the amateur radio club Band are QRV as
EM25IWW until the end of the year to celebrate the clubs 25th
anniversary QSL via UR7IWW
INDIA VU Members of the Manipal Institute of Technology radio
club are QRV as AT6MIT until January 7 2018 to celebrate the
institutions 60th anniversary QSL via VU3BUN
ROMANIA YO Special event station YP2018HNY will be QRV from
December 15 to January 15 2018 to celebrate Christmas and the New
Year 2018 Activity will be on the HF bands QSL via YO3KPA
THIS WEEKEND ON THE RADIO The ARRL CW Rookie Roundup NCCC RTTY
Sprint 80-Meter QRP CW Fox Hunt NCCC CW Sprint UN DIGI Contest
AGB-Party Contest Russian 160-Meter Contest Feld Hell Sprint OK
DX RTTY Contest Padang DX Contest and the Croatian CW Contest are
all on tap for this upcoming weekend
The Run for the Bacon QRP CW Contest is scheduled for December 18
The CWops Mini-CWT CW Test Phone Fray and 40-Meter QRP CW Fox Hunt
are scheduled for December 20
Please see December QST page 73 and the ARRL and WA7BNM Contest
Web Sites for detailsNNNN EX
SK ndash SILENT KEY ndash PASSAMENTOS
Nihil
________________________________________________
ENCERRAMENTO
AGRADECEMOS AOS COLEGAS QUE ESTIVERAM ACOMPANHANDO NA NOSSA
TRANSMISSAtildeO Agrave DISTINTA ESCUTA DA ANATEL SE POR VENTURA NOS ESTEJA
MONITORANDO E A TODOS AQUELES QUE DE UMA MANEIRA OU DE OUTRA
TOMARAM CONHECIMENTO DESTE QTC LABRE-DF Nordm 502017 COMUNICADOS DE
FALHAS CRIacuteTICAS E APOIO DEVEM SER DIRIGIDOS AO DIRETOR DE
RADIOAMADORISMO RENDY-PT2IQ QUE AS ANALISARAacute E RESPONDERAacute SE
NECESSAacuteRIO ESTE QTC LABRE-DF OBSERVA SEMPRE O DIREITO DE CRIacuteTICA E
RESPOSTA NO MESMO ESPACcedilO UTILIZADO PARA A NOTA CONTESTADA SEMPRE
LEMBRANDO QUE O DIREITO TEM DUAS MAtildeOS DE DIRECcedilAtildeO
Brasiacutelia 16 DE DEZEMBRO DE 2017
PT2GTI ROBERTO FRANCA STUCKERT
DIRETOR-PRESIDENTE LABRE-DF
PT2IQ MIGUEL RENDY
DIRETOR DE RADIOAMADORISMO LABRE-DF
15
Martinez Peter [1] PSK31 A New Radio-Teletype Mode RadCom December 1998 updated February 1999
External links[edit]
The Official PSK31 Page
PSK31 Setup and Operation | a PSK31 guide
PSK31 email discussion list with contests app reviews and more
European PSK Club
An online PSK31 receiver tuned to the active Ham band
Another PSK31 receiver in Ukraine
[hide]
v
t
e
Amateur radio digital modes
Frequency-shift keying (FSK)
RTTY
AMTOR SITOR
PACTOR
CLOVER2000
Packet radio (Bell 103
Bell 202)
Multiple frequency-shift keying (MFSK)
Olivia MFSK
Contestia
JT65
FSK441
JT6M
WSPR
Phase-shift keying (PSK)
PSK31
PSK63
Q15X25
COFDM MT63 (based on PSK)
Non-traditional digital modes
Hellschreiber (Feld-Hell)
On-off keying
Continuous wave
Modulated continuous wave
Pulse modulation
Frequency-hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
16
Categories
Quantized radio modulation modes
Packet radio
NOTAS SOCIAIS
ANIVERSARIANTES
Periacuteodo de 17 a 23 de dezembro de 2017
17 VILZIMAR FERREIRA GOMES CRISTALOIDE DE EDWARD SCHILLER-PT2PYC
17 MARCOS ANTONIO DE LIMA BRITO CRISTALOIDE DE ANTONIO DE BRITO-PT2OK
18 EULER DA VEIGA DIAS PT2PF
20 JORGE FLAVIO TEIXEIRA FERNANDES PT2IW REMIDO
21 FABIO DANIEL ROCHA DO NASCIMENTO PT2PRF
21 MARIA PAULA FERREIRA ARECO CRISTALOIDE DE JAFFER ARECO-PT2AZ
21 MARISA C SILVA OLIVEIRA CRISTALOIDE DE ANTONIO ISIDORIO DE OLIVEIRA-PT2AI
21 PEDRO PAULO VASCONCELOS CRISTALOIDE DE EDNEWTON DE VASCONCELOS-PT2EW
22 IRON ANTOcircNIO DOS SANTOS PT2IAS
22 PAULO WILSON DIAS DA SILVA CRISTALOIDE DE PAULO JOSEacuteDA SILVA-PT2APJ
23 RAUL DE ARAUacuteJO CARNEIRO PT2RAC
23 ANTOcircNIO BERTHOLDO GALVAtildeO PT2AG REMIDO
23 CELSO LUIZ KOGLER PP2CK
23 YARA GABRIELLE G DA CONCEICcedilAtildeO CRISTALOIDE DE LEONARDO GONCcedilALVES-PU2ABT
23 CRISTIANE JOFFILY PU2ARE CRISTALOIDE DE ICILIO JOFFILY-PT2IP
23 ANTONIO BERTHOLDO GALVAtildeO PT2AG
17
OBS SOLICITAMOS QUE TODOS OS COLEGAS LABREANOS COMPARECcedilAM Agrave SEDE DA
LABRE-DF PARA REALIZAREM RECADASTRAMENTO DE SEUS DADOS PARA MELHOR
CONTROLE INCLUSIVE COM ATUALIZACcedilAtildeO DE DEPENDENTES
DATAS COMEMORATIVAS
Periacuteodo de 17 a 23 de dezembro de 2017
Dia de Satildeo Laacutezaro
18SEG
Dia do Museoacutelogo
18SEG
Dia de Satildeo Zoacutezimo
20QUA
Dia do Mecacircnico
21QUI
Dia do Atleta
23SAacuteB
Dia do Vizinho
NOTIacuteCIAS DE DX
ARRL DX Bulletin ARLD050 (2017) - ARLD050 news
SB DX ARL $ARLD050
ARLD050 DX news
ZCZC AE50
QST de W1AW
DX Bulletin 50 ARLD050
From ARRL Headquarters
Newington CT December 14 2017
To all radio amateurs
SB DX ARL ARLD050
ARLD050 DX news
This weeks bulletin was made possible with information provided by
the OPDX Bulletin 425 DX News DXNL Contest Corral from QST and
the ARRL Contest Calendar and WA7BNM web sites Thanks to all
VIET NAM 3W Dirk DF2XG is QRV as 3W9XG from Hai Phong while here
on work assignment Activity is in his spare time on 40 to 10
meters using CW His length of stay is unknown QSL via operators
instructions
GEORGIA 4L Vlad UA4WHX will soon be QRV as 4LUA4WHX Activity
will be on 40 to 17 meters using CW SSB and RTTY His length of
stay is unknown QSL to home call
18
CYPRUS 5B Alex 5B4ALX is QRV as special event station 5B4XMAS
until December 31 Activity is on 160 to 10 meters using CW SSB
and various digital modes QSL via IZ4AMS
SENEGAL 6V Members of the Amateur Radio Association of Senegal
are QRV as 6V1A from Goree Island IOTA AF-045 until December 17
Activity is on the HF bands using CW and SSB QSL via 6W7JX
BARBADOS 8P Ernest J69Z is QRV as 8P9JB until January 2 2018
Activity is on 80 to 10 meters QSL direct to home call
PALESTINE E4 Elvira IV3FSG is QRV as E44YL from Bethlehem until
December 18 Activity is on the various HF bands using SSB and
possibly digital modes QSL via IK3GES
SOUTH COOK ISLANDS E5 Mauri AG1LE is QRV as E51DXX from
Rarotonga IOTA OC-013 until December 29 Activity is holiday
style on the HF bands using SSB PSK31 and FT8 QSL to home call
CANARY ISLANDS EA8 Rieder HB9FIH is QRV as EA8HB9FIH from El
Hierro Island IOTA AF-004 until the end of March 2018 Activity
is on 80 to 10 meters and possibly 6 meters using CW RTTY PSK
and some SSB QSL to home call
SOLOMON ISLANDS H4 Shane VK4KHZ is QRV as H44DA from Busone
Malaita Province until early January 2018 Activity is on 80 to 10
meters and satellite SO-50 but with a primary emphasis on 6
meters QSL direct to home call
REPUBLIC OF KOREA HL Special event call DT23WOP is QRV until
February 28 2018 during the Winter Olympic Games that will be held
here QSL via HL1IWD
DJIBOUTI J2 Dane S53T is QRV as J28ND until December 17
Activity is in his spare time on the HF bands using CW SSB and
RTTY QSL via S57DX
SVALBARD JW Morten LA4JSA is QRV as JW4JSA from Bear Island
IOTA EU-027 until June 1 2018 while on work assignment Activity
is in his spare time on the various HF bands QSL to home call
BELGIUM ON Members of the Club Radio Durnal will be QRV as
OT100BCA on December 17 from the Royal Castle of Laeken QSL via
ON4RCD
POLAND SP Special event station SN20WHL is QRV until December 20
to draw attention to the city of Torun that was put on the UNESCO
World Heritage List 20 years ago QSL via SP2TMT
CORSICA TK Georg NZ1C will be QRV as TKNZ1C from December 16 to
24 Activity will be holiday style on 40 to 10 meters using mainly
CW with some SSB RTTY PSK and FT8 QSL via DD5ZZ
19
UKRAINE UR Members of the amateur radio club Band are QRV as
EM25IWW until the end of the year to celebrate the clubs 25th
anniversary QSL via UR7IWW
INDIA VU Members of the Manipal Institute of Technology radio
club are QRV as AT6MIT until January 7 2018 to celebrate the
institutions 60th anniversary QSL via VU3BUN
ROMANIA YO Special event station YP2018HNY will be QRV from
December 15 to January 15 2018 to celebrate Christmas and the New
Year 2018 Activity will be on the HF bands QSL via YO3KPA
THIS WEEKEND ON THE RADIO The ARRL CW Rookie Roundup NCCC RTTY
Sprint 80-Meter QRP CW Fox Hunt NCCC CW Sprint UN DIGI Contest
AGB-Party Contest Russian 160-Meter Contest Feld Hell Sprint OK
DX RTTY Contest Padang DX Contest and the Croatian CW Contest are
all on tap for this upcoming weekend
The Run for the Bacon QRP CW Contest is scheduled for December 18
The CWops Mini-CWT CW Test Phone Fray and 40-Meter QRP CW Fox Hunt
are scheduled for December 20
Please see December QST page 73 and the ARRL and WA7BNM Contest
Web Sites for detailsNNNN EX
SK ndash SILENT KEY ndash PASSAMENTOS
Nihil
________________________________________________
ENCERRAMENTO
AGRADECEMOS AOS COLEGAS QUE ESTIVERAM ACOMPANHANDO NA NOSSA
TRANSMISSAtildeO Agrave DISTINTA ESCUTA DA ANATEL SE POR VENTURA NOS ESTEJA
MONITORANDO E A TODOS AQUELES QUE DE UMA MANEIRA OU DE OUTRA
TOMARAM CONHECIMENTO DESTE QTC LABRE-DF Nordm 502017 COMUNICADOS DE
FALHAS CRIacuteTICAS E APOIO DEVEM SER DIRIGIDOS AO DIRETOR DE
RADIOAMADORISMO RENDY-PT2IQ QUE AS ANALISARAacute E RESPONDERAacute SE
NECESSAacuteRIO ESTE QTC LABRE-DF OBSERVA SEMPRE O DIREITO DE CRIacuteTICA E
RESPOSTA NO MESMO ESPACcedilO UTILIZADO PARA A NOTA CONTESTADA SEMPRE
LEMBRANDO QUE O DIREITO TEM DUAS MAtildeOS DE DIRECcedilAtildeO
Brasiacutelia 16 DE DEZEMBRO DE 2017
PT2GTI ROBERTO FRANCA STUCKERT
DIRETOR-PRESIDENTE LABRE-DF
PT2IQ MIGUEL RENDY
DIRETOR DE RADIOAMADORISMO LABRE-DF
16
Categories
Quantized radio modulation modes
Packet radio
NOTAS SOCIAIS
ANIVERSARIANTES
Periacuteodo de 17 a 23 de dezembro de 2017
17 VILZIMAR FERREIRA GOMES CRISTALOIDE DE EDWARD SCHILLER-PT2PYC
17 MARCOS ANTONIO DE LIMA BRITO CRISTALOIDE DE ANTONIO DE BRITO-PT2OK
18 EULER DA VEIGA DIAS PT2PF
20 JORGE FLAVIO TEIXEIRA FERNANDES PT2IW REMIDO
21 FABIO DANIEL ROCHA DO NASCIMENTO PT2PRF
21 MARIA PAULA FERREIRA ARECO CRISTALOIDE DE JAFFER ARECO-PT2AZ
21 MARISA C SILVA OLIVEIRA CRISTALOIDE DE ANTONIO ISIDORIO DE OLIVEIRA-PT2AI
21 PEDRO PAULO VASCONCELOS CRISTALOIDE DE EDNEWTON DE VASCONCELOS-PT2EW
22 IRON ANTOcircNIO DOS SANTOS PT2IAS
22 PAULO WILSON DIAS DA SILVA CRISTALOIDE DE PAULO JOSEacuteDA SILVA-PT2APJ
23 RAUL DE ARAUacuteJO CARNEIRO PT2RAC
23 ANTOcircNIO BERTHOLDO GALVAtildeO PT2AG REMIDO
23 CELSO LUIZ KOGLER PP2CK
23 YARA GABRIELLE G DA CONCEICcedilAtildeO CRISTALOIDE DE LEONARDO GONCcedilALVES-PU2ABT
23 CRISTIANE JOFFILY PU2ARE CRISTALOIDE DE ICILIO JOFFILY-PT2IP
23 ANTONIO BERTHOLDO GALVAtildeO PT2AG
17
OBS SOLICITAMOS QUE TODOS OS COLEGAS LABREANOS COMPARECcedilAM Agrave SEDE DA
LABRE-DF PARA REALIZAREM RECADASTRAMENTO DE SEUS DADOS PARA MELHOR
CONTROLE INCLUSIVE COM ATUALIZACcedilAtildeO DE DEPENDENTES
DATAS COMEMORATIVAS
Periacuteodo de 17 a 23 de dezembro de 2017
Dia de Satildeo Laacutezaro
18SEG
Dia do Museoacutelogo
18SEG
Dia de Satildeo Zoacutezimo
20QUA
Dia do Mecacircnico
21QUI
Dia do Atleta
23SAacuteB
Dia do Vizinho
NOTIacuteCIAS DE DX
ARRL DX Bulletin ARLD050 (2017) - ARLD050 news
SB DX ARL $ARLD050
ARLD050 DX news
ZCZC AE50
QST de W1AW
DX Bulletin 50 ARLD050
From ARRL Headquarters
Newington CT December 14 2017
To all radio amateurs
SB DX ARL ARLD050
ARLD050 DX news
This weeks bulletin was made possible with information provided by
the OPDX Bulletin 425 DX News DXNL Contest Corral from QST and
the ARRL Contest Calendar and WA7BNM web sites Thanks to all
VIET NAM 3W Dirk DF2XG is QRV as 3W9XG from Hai Phong while here
on work assignment Activity is in his spare time on 40 to 10
meters using CW His length of stay is unknown QSL via operators
instructions
GEORGIA 4L Vlad UA4WHX will soon be QRV as 4LUA4WHX Activity
will be on 40 to 17 meters using CW SSB and RTTY His length of
stay is unknown QSL to home call
18
CYPRUS 5B Alex 5B4ALX is QRV as special event station 5B4XMAS
until December 31 Activity is on 160 to 10 meters using CW SSB
and various digital modes QSL via IZ4AMS
SENEGAL 6V Members of the Amateur Radio Association of Senegal
are QRV as 6V1A from Goree Island IOTA AF-045 until December 17
Activity is on the HF bands using CW and SSB QSL via 6W7JX
BARBADOS 8P Ernest J69Z is QRV as 8P9JB until January 2 2018
Activity is on 80 to 10 meters QSL direct to home call
PALESTINE E4 Elvira IV3FSG is QRV as E44YL from Bethlehem until
December 18 Activity is on the various HF bands using SSB and
possibly digital modes QSL via IK3GES
SOUTH COOK ISLANDS E5 Mauri AG1LE is QRV as E51DXX from
Rarotonga IOTA OC-013 until December 29 Activity is holiday
style on the HF bands using SSB PSK31 and FT8 QSL to home call
CANARY ISLANDS EA8 Rieder HB9FIH is QRV as EA8HB9FIH from El
Hierro Island IOTA AF-004 until the end of March 2018 Activity
is on 80 to 10 meters and possibly 6 meters using CW RTTY PSK
and some SSB QSL to home call
SOLOMON ISLANDS H4 Shane VK4KHZ is QRV as H44DA from Busone
Malaita Province until early January 2018 Activity is on 80 to 10
meters and satellite SO-50 but with a primary emphasis on 6
meters QSL direct to home call
REPUBLIC OF KOREA HL Special event call DT23WOP is QRV until
February 28 2018 during the Winter Olympic Games that will be held
here QSL via HL1IWD
DJIBOUTI J2 Dane S53T is QRV as J28ND until December 17
Activity is in his spare time on the HF bands using CW SSB and
RTTY QSL via S57DX
SVALBARD JW Morten LA4JSA is QRV as JW4JSA from Bear Island
IOTA EU-027 until June 1 2018 while on work assignment Activity
is in his spare time on the various HF bands QSL to home call
BELGIUM ON Members of the Club Radio Durnal will be QRV as
OT100BCA on December 17 from the Royal Castle of Laeken QSL via
ON4RCD
POLAND SP Special event station SN20WHL is QRV until December 20
to draw attention to the city of Torun that was put on the UNESCO
World Heritage List 20 years ago QSL via SP2TMT
CORSICA TK Georg NZ1C will be QRV as TKNZ1C from December 16 to
24 Activity will be holiday style on 40 to 10 meters using mainly
CW with some SSB RTTY PSK and FT8 QSL via DD5ZZ
19
UKRAINE UR Members of the amateur radio club Band are QRV as
EM25IWW until the end of the year to celebrate the clubs 25th
anniversary QSL via UR7IWW
INDIA VU Members of the Manipal Institute of Technology radio
club are QRV as AT6MIT until January 7 2018 to celebrate the
institutions 60th anniversary QSL via VU3BUN
ROMANIA YO Special event station YP2018HNY will be QRV from
December 15 to January 15 2018 to celebrate Christmas and the New
Year 2018 Activity will be on the HF bands QSL via YO3KPA
THIS WEEKEND ON THE RADIO The ARRL CW Rookie Roundup NCCC RTTY
Sprint 80-Meter QRP CW Fox Hunt NCCC CW Sprint UN DIGI Contest
AGB-Party Contest Russian 160-Meter Contest Feld Hell Sprint OK
DX RTTY Contest Padang DX Contest and the Croatian CW Contest are
all on tap for this upcoming weekend
The Run for the Bacon QRP CW Contest is scheduled for December 18
The CWops Mini-CWT CW Test Phone Fray and 40-Meter QRP CW Fox Hunt
are scheduled for December 20
Please see December QST page 73 and the ARRL and WA7BNM Contest
Web Sites for detailsNNNN EX
SK ndash SILENT KEY ndash PASSAMENTOS
Nihil
________________________________________________
ENCERRAMENTO
AGRADECEMOS AOS COLEGAS QUE ESTIVERAM ACOMPANHANDO NA NOSSA
TRANSMISSAtildeO Agrave DISTINTA ESCUTA DA ANATEL SE POR VENTURA NOS ESTEJA
MONITORANDO E A TODOS AQUELES QUE DE UMA MANEIRA OU DE OUTRA
TOMARAM CONHECIMENTO DESTE QTC LABRE-DF Nordm 502017 COMUNICADOS DE
FALHAS CRIacuteTICAS E APOIO DEVEM SER DIRIGIDOS AO DIRETOR DE
RADIOAMADORISMO RENDY-PT2IQ QUE AS ANALISARAacute E RESPONDERAacute SE
NECESSAacuteRIO ESTE QTC LABRE-DF OBSERVA SEMPRE O DIREITO DE CRIacuteTICA E
RESPOSTA NO MESMO ESPACcedilO UTILIZADO PARA A NOTA CONTESTADA SEMPRE
LEMBRANDO QUE O DIREITO TEM DUAS MAtildeOS DE DIRECcedilAtildeO
Brasiacutelia 16 DE DEZEMBRO DE 2017
PT2GTI ROBERTO FRANCA STUCKERT
DIRETOR-PRESIDENTE LABRE-DF
PT2IQ MIGUEL RENDY
DIRETOR DE RADIOAMADORISMO LABRE-DF
17
OBS SOLICITAMOS QUE TODOS OS COLEGAS LABREANOS COMPARECcedilAM Agrave SEDE DA
LABRE-DF PARA REALIZAREM RECADASTRAMENTO DE SEUS DADOS PARA MELHOR
CONTROLE INCLUSIVE COM ATUALIZACcedilAtildeO DE DEPENDENTES
DATAS COMEMORATIVAS
Periacuteodo de 17 a 23 de dezembro de 2017
Dia de Satildeo Laacutezaro
18SEG
Dia do Museoacutelogo
18SEG
Dia de Satildeo Zoacutezimo
20QUA
Dia do Mecacircnico
21QUI
Dia do Atleta
23SAacuteB
Dia do Vizinho
NOTIacuteCIAS DE DX
ARRL DX Bulletin ARLD050 (2017) - ARLD050 news
SB DX ARL $ARLD050
ARLD050 DX news
ZCZC AE50
QST de W1AW
DX Bulletin 50 ARLD050
From ARRL Headquarters
Newington CT December 14 2017
To all radio amateurs
SB DX ARL ARLD050
ARLD050 DX news
This weeks bulletin was made possible with information provided by
the OPDX Bulletin 425 DX News DXNL Contest Corral from QST and
the ARRL Contest Calendar and WA7BNM web sites Thanks to all
VIET NAM 3W Dirk DF2XG is QRV as 3W9XG from Hai Phong while here
on work assignment Activity is in his spare time on 40 to 10
meters using CW His length of stay is unknown QSL via operators
instructions
GEORGIA 4L Vlad UA4WHX will soon be QRV as 4LUA4WHX Activity
will be on 40 to 17 meters using CW SSB and RTTY His length of
stay is unknown QSL to home call
18
CYPRUS 5B Alex 5B4ALX is QRV as special event station 5B4XMAS
until December 31 Activity is on 160 to 10 meters using CW SSB
and various digital modes QSL via IZ4AMS
SENEGAL 6V Members of the Amateur Radio Association of Senegal
are QRV as 6V1A from Goree Island IOTA AF-045 until December 17
Activity is on the HF bands using CW and SSB QSL via 6W7JX
BARBADOS 8P Ernest J69Z is QRV as 8P9JB until January 2 2018
Activity is on 80 to 10 meters QSL direct to home call
PALESTINE E4 Elvira IV3FSG is QRV as E44YL from Bethlehem until
December 18 Activity is on the various HF bands using SSB and
possibly digital modes QSL via IK3GES
SOUTH COOK ISLANDS E5 Mauri AG1LE is QRV as E51DXX from
Rarotonga IOTA OC-013 until December 29 Activity is holiday
style on the HF bands using SSB PSK31 and FT8 QSL to home call
CANARY ISLANDS EA8 Rieder HB9FIH is QRV as EA8HB9FIH from El
Hierro Island IOTA AF-004 until the end of March 2018 Activity
is on 80 to 10 meters and possibly 6 meters using CW RTTY PSK
and some SSB QSL to home call
SOLOMON ISLANDS H4 Shane VK4KHZ is QRV as H44DA from Busone
Malaita Province until early January 2018 Activity is on 80 to 10
meters and satellite SO-50 but with a primary emphasis on 6
meters QSL direct to home call
REPUBLIC OF KOREA HL Special event call DT23WOP is QRV until
February 28 2018 during the Winter Olympic Games that will be held
here QSL via HL1IWD
DJIBOUTI J2 Dane S53T is QRV as J28ND until December 17
Activity is in his spare time on the HF bands using CW SSB and
RTTY QSL via S57DX
SVALBARD JW Morten LA4JSA is QRV as JW4JSA from Bear Island
IOTA EU-027 until June 1 2018 while on work assignment Activity
is in his spare time on the various HF bands QSL to home call
BELGIUM ON Members of the Club Radio Durnal will be QRV as
OT100BCA on December 17 from the Royal Castle of Laeken QSL via
ON4RCD
POLAND SP Special event station SN20WHL is QRV until December 20
to draw attention to the city of Torun that was put on the UNESCO
World Heritage List 20 years ago QSL via SP2TMT
CORSICA TK Georg NZ1C will be QRV as TKNZ1C from December 16 to
24 Activity will be holiday style on 40 to 10 meters using mainly
CW with some SSB RTTY PSK and FT8 QSL via DD5ZZ
19
UKRAINE UR Members of the amateur radio club Band are QRV as
EM25IWW until the end of the year to celebrate the clubs 25th
anniversary QSL via UR7IWW
INDIA VU Members of the Manipal Institute of Technology radio
club are QRV as AT6MIT until January 7 2018 to celebrate the
institutions 60th anniversary QSL via VU3BUN
ROMANIA YO Special event station YP2018HNY will be QRV from
December 15 to January 15 2018 to celebrate Christmas and the New
Year 2018 Activity will be on the HF bands QSL via YO3KPA
THIS WEEKEND ON THE RADIO The ARRL CW Rookie Roundup NCCC RTTY
Sprint 80-Meter QRP CW Fox Hunt NCCC CW Sprint UN DIGI Contest
AGB-Party Contest Russian 160-Meter Contest Feld Hell Sprint OK
DX RTTY Contest Padang DX Contest and the Croatian CW Contest are
all on tap for this upcoming weekend
The Run for the Bacon QRP CW Contest is scheduled for December 18
The CWops Mini-CWT CW Test Phone Fray and 40-Meter QRP CW Fox Hunt
are scheduled for December 20
Please see December QST page 73 and the ARRL and WA7BNM Contest
Web Sites for detailsNNNN EX
SK ndash SILENT KEY ndash PASSAMENTOS
Nihil
________________________________________________
ENCERRAMENTO
AGRADECEMOS AOS COLEGAS QUE ESTIVERAM ACOMPANHANDO NA NOSSA
TRANSMISSAtildeO Agrave DISTINTA ESCUTA DA ANATEL SE POR VENTURA NOS ESTEJA
MONITORANDO E A TODOS AQUELES QUE DE UMA MANEIRA OU DE OUTRA
TOMARAM CONHECIMENTO DESTE QTC LABRE-DF Nordm 502017 COMUNICADOS DE
FALHAS CRIacuteTICAS E APOIO DEVEM SER DIRIGIDOS AO DIRETOR DE
RADIOAMADORISMO RENDY-PT2IQ QUE AS ANALISARAacute E RESPONDERAacute SE
NECESSAacuteRIO ESTE QTC LABRE-DF OBSERVA SEMPRE O DIREITO DE CRIacuteTICA E
RESPOSTA NO MESMO ESPACcedilO UTILIZADO PARA A NOTA CONTESTADA SEMPRE
LEMBRANDO QUE O DIREITO TEM DUAS MAtildeOS DE DIRECcedilAtildeO
Brasiacutelia 16 DE DEZEMBRO DE 2017
PT2GTI ROBERTO FRANCA STUCKERT
DIRETOR-PRESIDENTE LABRE-DF
PT2IQ MIGUEL RENDY
DIRETOR DE RADIOAMADORISMO LABRE-DF
18
CYPRUS 5B Alex 5B4ALX is QRV as special event station 5B4XMAS
until December 31 Activity is on 160 to 10 meters using CW SSB
and various digital modes QSL via IZ4AMS
SENEGAL 6V Members of the Amateur Radio Association of Senegal
are QRV as 6V1A from Goree Island IOTA AF-045 until December 17
Activity is on the HF bands using CW and SSB QSL via 6W7JX
BARBADOS 8P Ernest J69Z is QRV as 8P9JB until January 2 2018
Activity is on 80 to 10 meters QSL direct to home call
PALESTINE E4 Elvira IV3FSG is QRV as E44YL from Bethlehem until
December 18 Activity is on the various HF bands using SSB and
possibly digital modes QSL via IK3GES
SOUTH COOK ISLANDS E5 Mauri AG1LE is QRV as E51DXX from
Rarotonga IOTA OC-013 until December 29 Activity is holiday
style on the HF bands using SSB PSK31 and FT8 QSL to home call
CANARY ISLANDS EA8 Rieder HB9FIH is QRV as EA8HB9FIH from El
Hierro Island IOTA AF-004 until the end of March 2018 Activity
is on 80 to 10 meters and possibly 6 meters using CW RTTY PSK
and some SSB QSL to home call
SOLOMON ISLANDS H4 Shane VK4KHZ is QRV as H44DA from Busone
Malaita Province until early January 2018 Activity is on 80 to 10
meters and satellite SO-50 but with a primary emphasis on 6
meters QSL direct to home call
REPUBLIC OF KOREA HL Special event call DT23WOP is QRV until
February 28 2018 during the Winter Olympic Games that will be held
here QSL via HL1IWD
DJIBOUTI J2 Dane S53T is QRV as J28ND until December 17
Activity is in his spare time on the HF bands using CW SSB and
RTTY QSL via S57DX
SVALBARD JW Morten LA4JSA is QRV as JW4JSA from Bear Island
IOTA EU-027 until June 1 2018 while on work assignment Activity
is in his spare time on the various HF bands QSL to home call
BELGIUM ON Members of the Club Radio Durnal will be QRV as
OT100BCA on December 17 from the Royal Castle of Laeken QSL via
ON4RCD
POLAND SP Special event station SN20WHL is QRV until December 20
to draw attention to the city of Torun that was put on the UNESCO
World Heritage List 20 years ago QSL via SP2TMT
CORSICA TK Georg NZ1C will be QRV as TKNZ1C from December 16 to
24 Activity will be holiday style on 40 to 10 meters using mainly
CW with some SSB RTTY PSK and FT8 QSL via DD5ZZ
19
UKRAINE UR Members of the amateur radio club Band are QRV as
EM25IWW until the end of the year to celebrate the clubs 25th
anniversary QSL via UR7IWW
INDIA VU Members of the Manipal Institute of Technology radio
club are QRV as AT6MIT until January 7 2018 to celebrate the
institutions 60th anniversary QSL via VU3BUN
ROMANIA YO Special event station YP2018HNY will be QRV from
December 15 to January 15 2018 to celebrate Christmas and the New
Year 2018 Activity will be on the HF bands QSL via YO3KPA
THIS WEEKEND ON THE RADIO The ARRL CW Rookie Roundup NCCC RTTY
Sprint 80-Meter QRP CW Fox Hunt NCCC CW Sprint UN DIGI Contest
AGB-Party Contest Russian 160-Meter Contest Feld Hell Sprint OK
DX RTTY Contest Padang DX Contest and the Croatian CW Contest are
all on tap for this upcoming weekend
The Run for the Bacon QRP CW Contest is scheduled for December 18
The CWops Mini-CWT CW Test Phone Fray and 40-Meter QRP CW Fox Hunt
are scheduled for December 20
Please see December QST page 73 and the ARRL and WA7BNM Contest
Web Sites for detailsNNNN EX
SK ndash SILENT KEY ndash PASSAMENTOS
Nihil
________________________________________________
ENCERRAMENTO
AGRADECEMOS AOS COLEGAS QUE ESTIVERAM ACOMPANHANDO NA NOSSA
TRANSMISSAtildeO Agrave DISTINTA ESCUTA DA ANATEL SE POR VENTURA NOS ESTEJA
MONITORANDO E A TODOS AQUELES QUE DE UMA MANEIRA OU DE OUTRA
TOMARAM CONHECIMENTO DESTE QTC LABRE-DF Nordm 502017 COMUNICADOS DE
FALHAS CRIacuteTICAS E APOIO DEVEM SER DIRIGIDOS AO DIRETOR DE
RADIOAMADORISMO RENDY-PT2IQ QUE AS ANALISARAacute E RESPONDERAacute SE
NECESSAacuteRIO ESTE QTC LABRE-DF OBSERVA SEMPRE O DIREITO DE CRIacuteTICA E
RESPOSTA NO MESMO ESPACcedilO UTILIZADO PARA A NOTA CONTESTADA SEMPRE
LEMBRANDO QUE O DIREITO TEM DUAS MAtildeOS DE DIRECcedilAtildeO
Brasiacutelia 16 DE DEZEMBRO DE 2017
PT2GTI ROBERTO FRANCA STUCKERT
DIRETOR-PRESIDENTE LABRE-DF
PT2IQ MIGUEL RENDY
DIRETOR DE RADIOAMADORISMO LABRE-DF
19
UKRAINE UR Members of the amateur radio club Band are QRV as
EM25IWW until the end of the year to celebrate the clubs 25th
anniversary QSL via UR7IWW
INDIA VU Members of the Manipal Institute of Technology radio
club are QRV as AT6MIT until January 7 2018 to celebrate the
institutions 60th anniversary QSL via VU3BUN
ROMANIA YO Special event station YP2018HNY will be QRV from
December 15 to January 15 2018 to celebrate Christmas and the New
Year 2018 Activity will be on the HF bands QSL via YO3KPA
THIS WEEKEND ON THE RADIO The ARRL CW Rookie Roundup NCCC RTTY
Sprint 80-Meter QRP CW Fox Hunt NCCC CW Sprint UN DIGI Contest
AGB-Party Contest Russian 160-Meter Contest Feld Hell Sprint OK
DX RTTY Contest Padang DX Contest and the Croatian CW Contest are
all on tap for this upcoming weekend
The Run for the Bacon QRP CW Contest is scheduled for December 18
The CWops Mini-CWT CW Test Phone Fray and 40-Meter QRP CW Fox Hunt
are scheduled for December 20
Please see December QST page 73 and the ARRL and WA7BNM Contest
Web Sites for detailsNNNN EX
SK ndash SILENT KEY ndash PASSAMENTOS
Nihil
________________________________________________
ENCERRAMENTO
AGRADECEMOS AOS COLEGAS QUE ESTIVERAM ACOMPANHANDO NA NOSSA
TRANSMISSAtildeO Agrave DISTINTA ESCUTA DA ANATEL SE POR VENTURA NOS ESTEJA
MONITORANDO E A TODOS AQUELES QUE DE UMA MANEIRA OU DE OUTRA
TOMARAM CONHECIMENTO DESTE QTC LABRE-DF Nordm 502017 COMUNICADOS DE
FALHAS CRIacuteTICAS E APOIO DEVEM SER DIRIGIDOS AO DIRETOR DE
RADIOAMADORISMO RENDY-PT2IQ QUE AS ANALISARAacute E RESPONDERAacute SE
NECESSAacuteRIO ESTE QTC LABRE-DF OBSERVA SEMPRE O DIREITO DE CRIacuteTICA E
RESPOSTA NO MESMO ESPACcedilO UTILIZADO PARA A NOTA CONTESTADA SEMPRE
LEMBRANDO QUE O DIREITO TEM DUAS MAtildeOS DE DIRECcedilAtildeO
Brasiacutelia 16 DE DEZEMBRO DE 2017
PT2GTI ROBERTO FRANCA STUCKERT
DIRETOR-PRESIDENTE LABRE-DF
PT2IQ MIGUEL RENDY
DIRETOR DE RADIOAMADORISMO LABRE-DF
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