Processamento Sísmico Fundamentos
Leo Nascimento
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Falhamentos Geológicos
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•Frequencia de Nyquist ( 2*Δ t ) -1
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Fluxo
de Trabalho
Field Data
Geometria
residual
Empilhamento
Análise Velan
MigraçãoPre-empilhamento
Estaticas
Pre-processamento empilhamento migração
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Pre-empilhamento
Reamostragem ( 2ms 4ms ) Correção Estática ( terra ) – efeitos da zona de baixa velocidade e elevação.Remoção dos efeitos do instrumento.Remoção dos fantasmas ( mar )Remoção dos efeitos da fonte ( mar )Remoção Múltiplas Dominio do tiro ( FFID ) x CMP ( CDP ).
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Dispositivo de registro bipartido simétrico com tiro entre as estacas (Stack-array)
Dispositivo básico com seis canais
Combinação de três tiros consecutivos com IPT = IE
Multiplicidade → 1 1 2 2 3 3 2 2 1 1
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FAMILIA CDP
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Fluxo
de Trabalho
Field Data
Geometria
residual
Empilhamento
Análise Velan
MigraçãoPre-empilhamento
Estaticas
Pre-processamento empilhamento migração
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Correção de NMO
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Fluxo
de Trabalho
Field Data
Geometria
residual
Empilhamento
Análise Velan
MigraçãoPre-empilhamento
Estaticas
Pre-processamento empilhamento migração
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Sismograma de Tiros ( FFID )
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CDP ou CMP
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Seção empilhada
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Seção migrada
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Fluxo
de TrabalhoField Data
Stk Mig
Load Geometry
Velocity AnalysisDMO
Multiple Rejection
Deconvolution
Gain
Filter
Migration
Trace Decimation
DeSignature
Residual Statics
Near Traces
Vel CDPs
QC Shots
Archival Shots
Trace Edits
Mute
DMO gathers
Decon Shots
Migrated Offsets
Smashed Shots
NMO
Migration
Stack
QC Stack
Stack
NMO
Demult CDPs
Filter
Mute
QC Stack
Stack
NMO
QC Stack
Stack
NMO
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Processamento 4D
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Same data processed by 6 different contractors
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Respuesta tradicional de Amplitud
10,000 ft
Channel Channel ““AA””
Channel Channel ““BB””
FaultFault--Controlled ChannelControlled Channel
Point BarPoint Bar 1
0
Amplitude
analysis window length = 100ms
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Tuning Cube, Amplitude at Frequency = 16 hz
10,000 ft
NorthNorth--South ExtentSouth Extentof Channel of Channel ““AA””
DelineationDelineation
Channel Channel ““AA””
Channel Channel ““BB””
FaultFault--Controlled ChannelControlled Channel
Point BarPoint Bar 1
0
Amplitude
analysis window length = 100ms
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Tuning Cube, Amplitude at Frequency = 26 hz
10,000 ft
NorthNorth--South ExtentSouth Extentof Channel of Channel ““AA””
DelineationDelineation
Channel Channel ““AA””
Channel Channel ““BB””
FaultFault--Controlled ChannelControlled Channel
Point BarPoint Bar 1
0
Amplitude
analysis window length = 100ms
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GEOFÍSICA do PETRÓLEO
Tecnologia GeofísicaLeo Nascimento
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Métodos Geofísicos MagnéticoRadiométricoEletromagnéticoGPRsensoreamento remotoGravitacionalSísmico
Agenda
Métodos Geofísicos MagnéticoRadiométricoEletromagnéticoGPRsensoreamento remotoGravitacionalSísmico
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Método Gravimétrico
LatitudeElevaçãoTopografiaMaréDensidade
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Correção LatitudeCorreção ElevaçãoCorreção Terreno
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Mapa Bouguer
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Mapa de ProfundidadeDo embasamento
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Metodo Sísmico
Princípio fisico Propagação de onda mecânica.Tipos de onda Corpo / SuperficieOndas Elásticas (corpo) Compressiva ( p )/Cisalhante ( s )Propagação Reflexão / TransmissãoObjetivo da aquisição Regional / semidetalhe / detalheTipos de aquisição Superficial / fundo do mar ( Ocean Bottom Cable ) / sismica de poço ( Vertical Seismic Profile )Metodologia de aquisição 2D; 3D; 4D;Ambiente Mar / terraReceptores Hidrofone / geofoneFontes sísmicas Canhão de ar / explosivosEquipamento de Registro SismógrafoMídias de gravação Fitas Magnéticas / discos rígidosModelos de negócios Contratados / Spec
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1º. Sismógrafo
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INCIDÊNCIA DE UMA ONDA SÍSMICA
Sen(Θ1) = Sen(Θ2) V1 V2
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O Sismograma
Geophones
* Seismic Energy Source
*Shot 1
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Sismograma
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Geophones*Shot 1
HV
D
E
2E2= (2H)2 + D2
Dividindo por V2
T2 = to2
+ (D/V)2
E
H
*
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A hipérbole
Hipérbole
t2 = t02 + D2/V2
t0
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V1 = 1500 m/s
V2 = 6000 m/s
V3 = 2800 m/s
V4 = 4000 m/s
OFFSET
CAÇIO
00:01
Offset
Tempo
(s)
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CAÇIO
00:02
Offset
Tempo
(s)
V1 = 1500 m/s
V2 = 6000 m/s
V3 = 2800 m/s
V4 = 4000 m/s
© 2009 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. 18 OFFSET
CAÇIO
00:03
Offset
Tempo
(s)
V1 = 1500 m/s
V2 = 6000 m/s
V3 = 2800 m/s
V4 = 4000 m/s
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CAÇIO
01:00
Offset
Tempo
(s)
V1 = 1500 m/s
V2 = 6000 m/s
V3 = 2800 m/s
V4 = 4000 m/s
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Modelo com camada de alta velocidade
1500 m/s
6000 m/s
2800 m/s
4000 m/s
Dado Sintético
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What is really going on?
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What is really going on?
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Terrestre - Explosivo
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Geofones
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Aquisição
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