Español III Capítulo 4A el 5 de diciembre 20152014
Realidades 4A
¡El Imperfecto!
Realidades 2
METALección Preliminar Repasos del Imperfecto y VocabularioAl volver al colegio después la vacación
1. Realidades 2 Manos a la obra página 190 Vocabulario y gramática en repaso también se dice...
2. A Primera Vista Vocabulario y gramática en contexto
Página 186 El Mundo - y Más vocabulario
3. Página 187 La guardería infantil Vocabulario
4. AR verbs, Er and Ir verbs REGULAR Realidades 2 página 194 and on this Web Site
5. Irregular verbs in El Imperfecto- SER IR and VER Realidades 2 página 196 and on the website
Indirect Object Pronouns Remember - me te le nos os les
8. Videos from other students using the Imperfect Tense
1. El Imperfect: Part I
In a previous lesson, you learned that the imperfect is used for past actions that are not seen as completed. Use of the imperfect tense implies that the past action did not have a definite beginning or a definite end. You also learned how to conjugate regular -ar verbs. In this lesson, you will learn how to conjugate -er and -ir verbs, and become more familiar with the uses of the imperfect.
To conjugate regular -ar verbs in the imperfect, simply drop the ending (-ar) and add one of the following:abaabasabaábamosabaisaban
To conjugate regular -er and -ir verbs in the imperfect, simply drop the ending (-er or -ir) and add one of the following:íaíasíaíamosíaisían
Here are all three regular imperfect verb forms together:hablar comer vivir
hablaba comía vivía
hablabas comías vivías
hablaba comía vivía
hablábamos comíamos vivíamos
hablabais comíais vivíais
hablaban comían vivían
The imperfect is used for actions that were repeated habitually.Almorzábamos juntos todos los días.We would lunch together every day.Las señoras siempre charlaban por las mañanas.The ladies would always chat in the mornings.
The imperfect is used for actions that "set the stage" for another action.Yo leía cuando entró mi papá.I was reading when my papa entered. (note that "entered" is preterite)
The imperfect is used for telling time and stating one's age.Eran las siete de la noche.It was seven o'clock at night.La niña tenía cinco años.The little girl was five years old.
The above examples all fall within our general rule for using the imperfect:
EL IMPERFECTO Part I
The imperfect is used for past actions that are not seen as completed
Something that was happening…Something that happened often…
Imperfect: regular -er -ía-ías-ía-íamos-íais-íancomía, comías, comía, comíamos, comíais, comíanImperfect: regular -ir -ía-ías-ía-íamos-íais-íanvivía, vivías, vivía, vivíamos, vivíais, vivían
More examples of the Imperfect Tense in Spanish Note that the yo and él forms are identical; if the context leaves ambiguity as to which person was doing the action, be sure to use the pronoun.
Ir, ser, and ver are the only irregular verbs in the imperfecto.
Ir - to goyo iba nosotros íbamos
tú ibas vosotros ibaisél iba ellos iban
Ser - to beyo era nosotros éramos
tú eras vosotros eraisél era ellos eran
Ver - to seeyo veía nosotros veíamos
tú veías vosotros veíais
él veía ellos veían
Hablar - to talkyo hablaba nosotros hab
lábamos
tú hablabas vosotros hablabais
él hablaba ellos hablabanComer - to eat
yo comía nosotros comíamos
tú comías vosotros comíaisél comía ellos comían
Vivir - to liveyo vivía nosotros vivíamos
tú vivías vosotros vivíaisél vivía ellos vivían
El pretérito y el imperfecto:
The usage of the preterite and the imperfect is one of the most difficult aspects of Spanish for an English-speaker. Essentially, both the preterite and the imperfect are past tenses, much as the way "he did" and "he was doing" both express past action in English. The deciding factor between the two tenses is a characteristic of verbs not frequently talked about in English: aspect.
Every action has a beginning, a middle, and an end. When one wishes to focus on the middle of an action, the action is on-going, that is, nothing changes radically (which is not to say that nothing happens). For example, "he was eating" indicates the "middle" of the action of eating in the past. We don't know when he started to eat or when he finished (or even if he finished). We just know that at a certain time in the past, he was in the middle of eating. This focus on the middle of an action is called the imperfective aspect. Not surprisingly, it is associated with the imperfect tense in Spanish, for example:
hablaba I was speaking
viajábamos we used to travel
estaban they were
In each case, there is no notion that the action began or ended, only that at some point it was on-going. Notice, however, that English has three different, common ways to indicate the imperfect: the past progressive ("was speaking") to show that a single action continued, the "used to" construction to show that a series of separate actions continued, and the simple past, used particularly with verbs that show state of mind or body ("was," "thought," etc.) as ongoing in the past.If the imperfect is used to denote the middle of an action, the preterite is used to indicate the beginning or the end of an action. Sometimes it requires some thought to determine which part of the action is being described. For example, "The telephone rang at 8 last night" sounds like an action that is over and therefore we are describing the end of it. But the point of view is always some point in the past, in this case, at 8 last night. At that time, the telephone began to ring. It wasn't ringing at 7:59, but it very well might have rung until 8:01 or 8:02. When one says, "I shut the door," on the other hand, by the time one says that, the door is already shut; the action has been completed.There are many other ways to describe when one should use the imperfect or the preterite, but all of them are just different ways of describing the aspect of the verb in question. For example, one usually uses the imperfect to describe background (ongoing) actions and states, or something that was going on when another action
interrupted. Likewise, the preterite is used to describe a series of discrete actions that occurred in sequence and then were over. Of course, there are always some uses that do not necessarily fit the rule, such as the fact that one always tells time in the imperfect ("era la una"), and there are even some verbs whose meaning (or at least whose translation) changes when one uses one tense or the other. Here are a few examples; note that the standard meaning is the one reflected by the imperfect:Verb Preterite Imperfect
saber supe - "I found out" sabía - "I knew"
conocer conocí - "I met" conocía - "I knew"
querer quise - "I tried" quería - "I wanted"
In short, to express what was happening, What happened many times-often..... use the IMPERFECTO in SpanishMore Review of the Pretérito
El Pretérito
The Preterite tense is used to indicate a completed action in the past. something that was completed-finished in the past
Verbos regulares
-AR
-é-aste-ó-amos-asteis-aron
Verbos -er e -ir regulares
-í
-iste-ió-imos-isteis-ieron
______________________________________
Verbos irregulares
IRREGULAR CASES IN PRETÉRITO
Case I irregular below
DAR
DiDisteDio dimos disteisdieron
VER
ViVisteVioVimosVisteisVieron
Case II irregular
Caer
CaíCaísteCayóCaímosCaísteisCayeron.
OIR
OíOísteOyóOímosOísteisOyeron
CREER
CreíCreísteCreyóCreímosCreísteisCreyeron
LEER
LeíLeísteLeyóLeímosLeísteisleyeron
Case II also has-
All –uir verbs
ConstruirInfluir.....
Construir
ConstruíConstruísteConstruyóConstruímosConstruísteisConstruyeron
Case III SER AND IR
FuiFuisteFueFuimosFuisteisFueron
Ser
FuíFuisteFuéFuimosFuisteisFueron
JOTA group
Case IV
Jota group
All –cir verbs take the “J”
Decir
DijeDijstedijodijimosdijisteisdijeron
TRAER goes with the case IV verbsTrajeTrajisteTrajoTrajimosTrajisteisTrajeron
Case V “V” group
ESTAR TENER ANDAR
Estar
ESTUVEESTUVISTEESTUVOESTUVIMOSESTUVISTEISESTUVIERONANDAR
ANDUVEANDUVISTEANDUVOANDUVIMOSANDUVISTEISANDUVIERON
TENER
TUVE
TUVISTE
TUVO
TUVIMOS
TUVISTEIS
TUVIERON
Case VI Los independientes
Poner
PusePusistePusoPusimosPusisteisPusieron
Poder
Pude
Pudiste
Pudo Pudimos Pudisteis Pudieron
VenirVineViniste
VinoVinimosVinisteisVinieron
HacerHiceHicisteHizoHicimosHicisteisHicieron
Saber: to know a fact
Not used in conversation
In spoken Spanish it is used to mean “to have found out....!”
Supe SupisteSupoSupimos Supisteissupieron
knowing is a process
Saber- In order to say that you “knew....something” you must use th eimperfect tense form of the verb
SabíaSabíasSabíaSabíamosSabíaissabían
Yo no sabía la respuesta.
Querer - to want
You can not use the preperite form of the verb QUERER since ¨wanting¨ implies an on going sense of desire......
In conversational Spanish you must use the Imperfect form of the conjugation to indicate “wanting...or wanted”
Preterite form of the verb QUERER
QuiseQuisisteQuisoQuisimosQuisisteisQusieron
In spoken Spanish this means to have refused when the word NO comes before each conjugate.Yo no quise ir. I refused to go.
No qusimos ir de compras.We refused to go shopping.
No quiseNo quisisteNo quisoNi quisimosNo quisisteisNo quisieron
To expres “I wanted, you wanted, he/she wanted....”
you must use the imperfect form of the verb querer.
QueríaQueríasQueríaQueríamosQueríaisQuerían
Yo quería estudiar en la biblioteca.I wanted to study in the library.
Dormir
Dormí
Dormiste
Durmió
Dormimos
Dormisteis
Durmieron
PEDIR
Pedí
Pediste
Pidió
Pedimos
Pedisteis
Pidieron
Other e to i stem-changing verbs.....
Servir reir pedir dormir sonrei.........
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Case VIII
-Car qué
-Gar GUÉ
-Zar CÉ in the yo form
Tocar
Toqué
Tocaste
Tocó
Tocamos
Tocasteis
tocaron
-GAR verbs
LLEGAR
Llegué
Llegaste
Llegó
Llegamos
Llegasteis
llegaron
-ZAR verbs
Empezar
Empecé
Empezaste
empezó
Empezamos
Empezasteis
empezaron
Indirect Object Pronouns Again in REVIEW!
Don´t forget
HOME JOURNALS
5 to 10 minutes - at least 5 minutes per
night-
Of current lesson in
HOME JOURNALS!!!
Monday-Friday !!!
REVIEW THE VERBS IN THE VERB PACKET!
TAREA
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