Post on 31-Aug-2018
Impacto do resíduo de produtos dessecantes na exportação
CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE SOJA
13 DE JUNHO DE 2018
PEDRO MATOS
INTRODUÇÃO
A ANEC - Associação Nacional dosExportadores de Cereais - foi fundada em 1965 eatualmente dispõe de 12 contratos padrãocontemplando as exportações de soja, milho,trigo e seus derivados.
Os contratos ANEC estabelecem certasespecificações de qualidade e os casos omissossão amparados pela legislação brasileira. Noscasos de arbitragem, são utilizadas as normas eregras internacionais, notadamente as regras daFOSFA – Federation of Oils, Seeds and FatsAssociations.
DESSECANTES
Atualmente, os dessecantes mais usados no Brasil são:
• Paraquate• Diquate
Dentre os mais comercializados, o destaque é para o Paraquate, que tem larga utilização nas lavouras brasileiras.
Em 2016, a quantidade de Glifosato utilizada nas lavouras do país foi de 11.638,19 t de IA.
OS 10 ingredientes ativos mais vendidos - 2016Unidade de medida: toneladas de IA
Ingrediente Ativo Vendas (ton. IA) Ranking
Glifosato e seus sais 185.602,22 1º2,4-D 53.374,41 2ºMancozebe 33.232,94 3ºAtrazina 28.615,70 4ºÓleo mineral 27.801,09 5ºAcefato 24.858,68 6ºÓleo vegetal 17.259,26 7ºCarbendazim 13.364,67 8ºDicloreto de paraquate 11.638,19 9ºImidacloprido 9.165,97 10º
Na tabela abaixo, constam os 10 ingredientes ativos mais vendidos no Brasil:
Fonte: IBAMA / Consolidação de dados fornecidos pelas empresas registrantes de produtos técnicos, agrotóxicos e afins, conforme art. 41 do Decreto n° 4.074/2002Dados atualizados: 16/11/2017
LEGISLAÇÃO BRASILEIRA
A Resolução de Diretoria Colegiada da ANVISA – RDC Nº 177, de 21 de setembro
de 2017, determinou a proibição da utilização do Paraquate a partir de 22/09/2020, bem
como, estabeleceu algumas recomendações e exigências para sua comercialização até a
data em que se tornará proibido no território nacional.
Seguem abaixo os índices monográficos do Paraquate e do Diquate, através dos
quais são estabelecidos os LMR (Limites Máximos de Resíduos) nas diversas culturas em
que são aplicados:
Culturas LMR (mg/kg) Intervalo de Segurança
Algodão 0,2 7 dias
Arroz 0,5 7 dias
Banana 0,05 1 dia
Batata 0,2 (1)
Café 0,05 7 dias
Cana-de-açúcar 0,1 7 dias
Citros 0,05 1 dia
Feijão 0,05 (1)
Maçã 0,05 1 dia
Milho 0,1 7 dias
Soja 0,1 7 dias
Trigo 0,01 (1)
Uso agrícola: autorizado conforme indicado.
Modalidade de emprego: aplicação em pós-emergência das plantas infestantes nas culturas de algodão, arroz, banana, batata, café, cana-de-açúcar, citros, feijão, maçã, milho, soja e trigo.
ÍNDICE MONOGRAFICO NOME
P01 PARAQUATE
ÍNDICE MONOGRAFICO NOME
D21 DIQUATE
Uso agrícola: autorizado conformeindicado.
Modalidade de emprego: Aplicação em pós-emergência das plantas infestantes nas culturas de algodão, beterraba, café, cebola, citros, feijão, girassol, milho, pêssego e soja.
Aplicação como dessecante das culturas de arroz, batata, feijão e soja.
Culturas LMR (mg/kg) Intervalo deSegurança
Algodão 0,01 (1)
Arroz 0,2 7 dias
Batata 0,2 7 dias
Beterraba 0,1 1 dia
Café 0,1 16 dias
Cebola 0,1 1 dia
Citros 0,02 14 dias
Feijão 0,5 7 dias
Feijão 0,5 7 dias
Girassol 0,01 (1)
Milho 0,01 (1)
Pêssego 0,02 14 dias
Soja 0,2 (1)
Soja 0,2 7 dias
LEGISLAÇÃO INTERNACIONAL
O CODEX Alimentarius é a referência mundial para os limites de tolerância para Resíduos de Pesticidas.
No que se refere aos dessecantes abordados nesta apresentação, o CODEX estabelece os seguintes LMR para as mais diversas culturas:
057 - ParaquatFunctional class: Herbicide
Commodity MRLYear of
AdoptionSymbol
Almond hulls 0.01 mg/Kg 2006 (*)
Assorted tropical and sub-tropical fruits - inedible
peel0.01 mg/Kg 2006 (*)
Berries and other small fruits 0.01 mg/Kg 2006 (*)
Citrus fruits 0.02 mg/Kg 2006
Cotton seed 2 mg/Kg 2006
Edible offal (mammalian) 0.05 mg/Kg 2006
Eggs 0.005 mg/Kg 2006 (*)
Fruiting vegetables other than cucurbits 0.05 mg/Kg 2006
Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits 0.02 mg/Kg 2006
Hops, Dry 0.1 mg/Kg 2006
Leafy vegetables 0.07 mg/Kg 2006
Maize 0.03 mg/Kg 2006
Maize flour 0.05 mg/Kg 2006
Maize fodder (dry) 10 mg/Kg 2006 dry wt
(*): At or about the limit of determination.
dry wt: Dry Weight.
Meat (from mammals other than marine
mammals)0.005 mg/Kg 2006
Milks 0.005 mg/Kg 2006 (*)
Pome fruits 0.01 mg/Kg 2006 (*)
Poultry meat 0.005 mg/Kg 2006 (*)
Poultry, Edible offal of 0.005 mg/Kg 2006 (*)
Pulses 0.5 mg/Kg 2006
Rice 0.05 mg/Kg 2010
Rice straw and fodder, Dry 0.05 mg/Kg 2010
Root and tuber vegetables 0.05 mg/Kg 2006
Sorghum 0.03 mg/Kg 2006
Sorghum straw and fodder, Dry 0.3 mg/Kg 2006 dry wt
Soya bean fodder 0.5 mg/Kg 2006 dry wt
Stone fruits 0.01 mg/Kg 2006 (*)
Sunflower seed 2 mg/Kg 2006
Table Olives 0.1 mg/Kg 2006
Tea, Green, Black (black, fermented and dried) 0.2 mg/Kg 2006
031 - DiquatFunctional class: Herbicide
Commodity MRLYear of
AdoptionSymbol Note
Banana 0.02 mg/Kg 2014 (*)
Barley 5 mg/Kg 1999
Beans (dry) 0.2 mg/Kg 1999
Cajou (pseudofruit) 0.02 mg/Kg 2014 (*)
Cashew apple 0.02 mg/Kg 2014 (*)
Cashew nut 0.02 mg/Kg 2014 (*)
Citrus fruits 0.02 mg/Kg 2014 (*)
Coffee beans 0.02 mg/Kg 2014 (*)
Edible offal (mammalian) 0.05 mg/Kg 1999 (*)
Eggs 0.05 mg/Kg 1999 (*)
Fruiting vegetables other than cucurbits 0.01 mg/Kg 2014 (*)(except sweetcorn, fungi and mushrooms)
Lentil (dry) 0.2 mg/Kg 1999
Meat (from mammals other than marine mammals)
0.05 mg/Kg 1999 (*)
Milks 0.01 mg/Kg 1999 (*)
Oats 2 mg/Kg 1999
Pea hay or pea fodder (dry) 50 mg/Kg 2014
Peas (dry) 0.3 mg/Kg 2014
Pome fruits 0.02 mg/Kg 2014 (*)
Potato 0.1 mg/Kg 2014
Poultry meat 0.05 mg/Kg 1999 (*)
Poultry, Edible offal of 0.05 mg/Kg 1999 (*)
Rape seed 1.5 mg/Kg 2014
Soybean (dry) 0.3 mg/Kg 2014
Stone fruits 0.02 mg/Kg 2014 (*)
Strawberry 0.05 mg/Kg 2014 (*)
Sunflower seed 0.9 mg/Kg 2014
Wheat 2 mg/Kg 1999
Wheat bran, Unprocessed 2 mg/Kg 1999
Wheat flour 0.5 mg/Kg 1999
Wheat wholemeal 2 mg/Kg 1999
(*): At or about the limit of determination.
RECLAMAÇÃO DA EUROPA EM 2016
Em 2016, através de comunicado da GAFTA, The Grain and Feed Trade Association, o
mercado Brasileiro tomou conhecimento sobre a possibilidade de cargas de farelo de soja do Brasil
com limites de Paraquate acima do máximo estabelecido pela Europa (0,02 mg/kg).
31 - August - 2016
To: All Members No.GN/2016/278
Dear Members,
Trade Alert: Possible Marginal Exceedences of Paraquat levels in Soybeans and Products from Brazil to
EU and request for data
Paraquat: is a herbicide legally used in North and South America on several crops including soybeans. It may
be applied on soybeans before harvest (as a harvest aid or desiccant). It is not authorised in the EU and a Maximum Residue Level (MRL) of 0.02 mg/kg is app lied in the EU
COCERAL have informed that it is likely there have been some MRL exceedences relating to paraquat
residues detected in products derived from Brazilian soybeans imported into EU.
A (possible) marginal exceedence of the level of paraquat residues in soybean products derived from soybeans imported from Brazil has been detected in the EU
Both authorities and operators carried out monitoring on different consignments of Brazilian soybeans and derived products and similar results found. Sector faced with variability and uncertainty around testing and sampling due to different technical capacities of labs and need to ensure harmonised approach and EU Guidance documents adhered to and calerer application of the measurement of uncertainty and its guidance.
There is no information on the level of paraquat in imported meals from Brazil and /or levels in soybeans or soybean products from other geographies, but at this point it is simply to alert members to the current situation
COCERAL and FEDIOL are requesting a meeting with the European Commission. It is expected that this issue
could be discussed at the next Regulatory Committee meeting scheduled on the 22nd of September with member
states. Please can members provide in confidence any data available o n paraquat test results to help the case and find a quick solution.
We will continue to keep members informed of developments.
Na sequência, em 2/9/2016, foi realizada reunião em Bruxelas na qual participaram:
COCERAL - Comité du Commerce des céréales, aliments du bétail, oléagineux, huile d'olive, huiles et graisses et agrofournitures.
FEDIOL - The federation representing the European Vegetable Oil and Protein meal Industry in Europe.
FEFAC - The European Feed Manufacturers’ Federation
SYNGENTA
Segue resumo da reunião:
COCERAL Internal note Brussels 5 September 2016Meeting with Syngenta on Paraquat2 September 2016
Short minutes
COCERAL, FEDIOL and FEFAC met with a Syngenta representative to exchange on the issue of paraquat in soybeans.
Without disclosing company-sensitive information, COCERAL, FEDIOL and FEFAC gave Syngenta an outline of the situation at stake.
Syngenta shared the following information:
Paraquat being off patent since years, it is marketed in several Third Countries not only by Syngenta.Paraquat is used in 3 different agronomic practices:
Pre-emergence weed control(before sowing) – no detectable residues;Inter-row weed control – no detectable residues;Desiccant – it may lead to detectable residues above the 0.02 mg/kg MRL even if Paraquat is used in full compliancewith the label indications (this was confirmed by Syngenta as a known structural characteristic of the substance);
As regards the major soybean-producing countries, Paraquat is authorised in Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Nigeria, Paraguay, South Africa, Uganda, USA. Syngenta sells Paraquat in all of them except China and Uganda. However, where Syngenta sells Paraquat, its products represent less than 50% of the market, whilst the major part is represented by generic products.
The Codex MRL for Paraquat in soybean is 0.5 mg/kg, the EU MRL is 0.02 mg/kg, the Brazil MRL is 0.1 mg/kg, the USA MRL is 0.7 mg/kg, the Australia MRL is 1 mg/kg and Japan MRL is 0.1 mg/kg.
It is the first time in 16 years that Syngenta is reported an MRL exceedance with Paraquat. It has never been notified before in the global register system.
According to Syngenta, one of the substitutes for Paraquat is Diquat. However: It is much more expensive than Paraquat thus farmers around the world are not always keen on use it.
It could also be an issue in the EU since its re-authorisation is under discussion and the Commission proposed its withdrawal.
COCERAL, FEDIOL and FEFAC asked if Syngenta would be supportive for an Import Tolerance (IT) application, in case it would be confirmed that it is not an isolated case.
Syngenta is not in the position to reply now, but tentatively it seemed that they may not be interested in, especially in absence of evidence of a problem with the present MRL.
All parties involved expressed the surprise for this case happening now, since nothing from a regulatory point of view has recently changed.
Action points:
COCERAL and FEDIOL to continue gathering data on the situation in order to understand whether it is an isolated case / specific problem with Brazilian consignments or a more general issue.
Following the mapping exercise, to reconvene with Syngenta and better discuss the possibility to ask for an IT.
Syngenta to verify if they can share with operators the specific method of analysis to detect Paraquat (which they have used in their different dossiers with EFSA).
Syngenta to verify if they have any GAP guidance document for the use of Paraquat (that could be distributed to soybean farmers in Brazil by Syngenta and COCERAL, FEDIOL and FEFAC Brazilian counterparts)
Exportações Brasileiras – Soja em grãos
PORTOSANTOS
PARANAGUÁ
RIO GRANDE
SÃO LUIS/ITAQUI/P.D.M.
SÃO FRANCISCO DO SUL
VITORIA
ITACOATIARA
BARCARENA
SANTAREM
IMBITUBA
ARATU/COTEGIPE
ILHEUS
TMIB - BARRA DOS COQUEIROS / SERGIPE
SANTANA
TOTAL
2017 201616.569.399 14.529.389
11.279.090 7.922.307
12.394.220 9.283.275
6.034.221 3.821.835
5.008.544 4.020.201
3.832.478 2.803.020
2.108.687 1.922.468
4.442.135 2.245.546
1.910.853 1.594.396
989.852 1.058.877
2.923.026 1.246.547
92.699 61.820
- 20.581
34.000 -
67.619.202 50.530.261
JANEIRO / DEZEMBRO
Estado US$ FOB Volume (Ton)
MATO GROSSO 1.964.245.243 5.220.410
PARANA 1.081.919.722 3.211.238
GOIAS 713.896.353 2.054.308
RIO GRANDE DO SUL 635.656.050 2.048.532
BAHIA 298.254.951 945.638
MATO GROSSO DO SUL 110.790.748 327.202
MINAS GERAIS 106.399.538 183.808
SAO PAULO 46.084.422 136.191
MARANHAO 8.963.350 27.500
PIAUI 3.921.149 11.801
SANTA CATARINA 2.901.442 9.528
TOCANTINS 229.830 687
PARA 68.549 215
Total Acumulado 4.973.331.347 14.177.057
Exportação Brasileira – Farelo de Soja
Fonte: ALICEWEB/MDIC
EXPORTAÇÃO BRASILEIRA UNIÃO EUROPEIA
SEMENTES E FRUTOS
OLEAGINOSOS,GRÃOS,SEMENTES,ETC.
2017 (JAN/DEZ)
2016(JAN/DEZ)
2017/2016(JAN-DEZ)
ValorUS$ FOB
ValorUS$ FOB
Var. relUS$ %
2.032.803.270 2.029.901.073 0,14
Com exceção do mercado Europeu (LMR = 0,02 mg/kg), para todos os demais destinos o LMR Brasileiro de
0,1 mg/kg para o Paraquate, está enquadrado em todas as especificações, inclusive a estabelecida pelo CODEX.
A COCERAL continua monitorando as cargas Brasileiras de Soja e subprodutos por ocasião da chegada dos
navios em portos Europeus, notadamente o farelo de soja.
A detecção de resíduos de Paraquate poderá ensejar a paralização do comércio com a Europa, bem como,
iniciar um processo de controle de resíduos, cujas consequências são imprevisíveis e que, certamente, impactarão as
exportações, com prejuízos para toda a cadeia do Complexo Soja Brasileiro.
CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS
Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 1656 – 8 andar – Conjunto 8A.Jardim Paulistano – São Paulo – SP.Tels.: (11) 3039-5599 - 3039-5597
Pedro Matos