Sinopse das Novas Normas de Segurança NFPA

Sinopsis de las nuevas normas de seguridad NFPA

Overview of NFPA and the Standards Making Progress

Sultan Javeri

NFPA – National Fire Proteccion Association (USA)

Overview of NFPA Overview of NFPA &&

The Standards making ProcessThe Standards making Process

NFPAPortugal conference 2006

Who is the NFPA?

�� Voluntary Membership AssociationVoluntary Membership Association

�� NotNot--forfor--ProfitProfit

�� IndependentIndependent

�� Member OrganizationMember Organization

What is the Purpose of NFPA?

�� Mission: Reduce the worldwide burdenMission: Reduce the worldwide burden

of fire and other hazards on the quality of of fire and other hazards on the quality of

life by providing and advocating ...life by providing and advocating ...�� ScientificallyScientifically--based consensus codes & standardsbased consensus codes & standards

�� ResearchResearch

�� Training and Training and

�� EducationEducation

�� Organized in 1896Organized in 1896

�� Headquarters: Quincy, MA, USAHeadquarters: Quincy, MA, USA

�� Regional Offices throughout the U.S. and Regional Offices throughout the U.S. and

Canada, and also Reps throughout the WorldCanada, and also Reps throughout the World

�� NFPA MembershipNFPA Membership::■■ Approximately 78,000 membersApproximately 78,000 members

■■ More than 80 trade and More than 80 trade and

professional organizationsprofessional organizations

What is our History?

How is the NFPA organised?

16 NFPA Membership Sections

AEBO Aviation BFSSystems Education Electrical

IFMAFS&Tech EdFire Service Health Care Industrial

Latin Am Metro ChiefsLodging Rail Research Wildland

� Business & Industry 20%

� Healthcare Facilities 11%

� Fire service 24%

� Insurance 6%

� Government Organisations 7%

� Architects & Engineers 8%

� Fire Equipment Manufacturers 6%

� Professional associations 2%

� Others 16%

Who is the NFPA?

Financing

How is the NFPA funded?

�Revenues� Sale of publications� Member Subscriptions� Seminars� Subventions� Contributions

� Costs

� Publications

� Electronic Materiel

� Service to Members

Principle Activities of NFPA

� Public Education

� Professional Development Training

� Codes and Standards

How does NFPA accomplish its Mission?

Public Education

NFPA is Mission Driven:Public Education

300 communities using 300 communities using

Risk WatchRisk Watch

33 states and provinces33 states and provinces

22NDND Pilot in UKPilot in UK

� Easy to use

� Kindergarten through grade 8

NFPA is Mission Driven:Public Education

Remembering When

� In general, older adults 65 years old and older are twice as likely to be killed in a fire, compared to the population at large. By age 75, that risk increases to three times that of the general population — four times at age 85.

NFPA is Mission Driven:Public Education

� Smoke alarms

� USA national average of homes with smoke alarms (according to a phone survey)

96%

NFPA is Mission Driven:Public Education

NFPA is Mission Driven:Public Education

� 47.5% of homes where smoke alarms were tested, the alarms did not work

� Battery was dead 38.5%

� Battery was missing 16.5%

� Battery was disconnected 15.6%

� Other 43.8%

�� In In 43%43% of homes with smoke alarms, the of homes with smoke alarms, the

alarms were more than 10 years old.alarms were more than 10 years old.

Professional Development Training

� Electrical

� Alarm Code

� Life Safety Code

� Automatic Sprinklers

� Other Customised Seminars

NFPA is Mission Driven:Professional Training

NFPA is Mission Driven:Professional Training

Fundamentals

� 1) ~78,000 Members

� 2) Board of Directors

� Approximately 23 members

� Elected by Membership

� 3) Standards Council

� 4) Technical Committees

NFPA is Mission Driven: NFPA Codes & Standards Process

� 3) Standards Council

� 13 Members

� Appointed by Board

� Responsibilities:

� A) Adjudicate appeals

� B) Issue documents & TIAs

� C) Appoint Committee members

� D) Assign Committee scopes

� Typically meet 4 times/year

NFPA is Mission Driven: NFPA Codes & Standards Process

� 4) Technical Committees

� These are the “consensus bodies” in system

� Typical maximum size of 30

� Overall; ~ 7,000 Volunteers

� ~ 225 Technical Committees, balanced by interest categories

� ~ 300 Codes & Standards

NFPA is Mission Driven: NFPA Codes & Standards Process

� 4) Technical Committees

� Membership is continually monitored

� All members reappointed annually

� Inactive members removed

� Don’t need to be general NFPA member to be a TC member

NFPA is Mission Driven: NFPA Codes & Standards Process

� 4) Technical Committees

� Carefully balanced by 9 interest categories

(1) Applied Research/Testing Laboratory; (2) Consumer; (3) Enforcing Authority; (4) Installer/Maintainer; (5) Insurance; (6) Labor; (7) Manufacturer; (8) Special Expert; (9) User

� 1/3 Balance Rule:

A committee can never have more than 1/3 of its membership from any one interest category

NFPA is Mission Driven: NFPA Codes & Standards Process

Inherent safeguard against dominance

� 1/3 Balance Rule:

A committee can never have more

than 1/3 of its membership from any one interest category

� Consensus Requirement:

� Minimum 2/3 on all changes

� Some situations require ¾ majority

NFPA is Mission Driven: NFPA Codes & Standards Process

� Essentials of the NFPA system� Due process

� Openness

� Lack of dominance

� Allows us to find society’s balance between:� Acceptable risk

� Commitment of resources

NFPA is Mission Driven: NFPA Codes & Standards Process

A Uniquely Open Process

Call for Proposals (CFP)

Report on Proposals (ROP)

Report on Comments

(ROC)

Technical Committee Report (TCR) Session

of the Annual Meeting

Standards Council Consideration/Issuance

� In summary, balance of:

� Consensus Body TCs

� Extensive Public Input

� 1) Call for Proposals

� 2) Report on Proposals (ROP)

� 3) Report on Comments (ROC)

� 4) TCR Session of Annual Meeting

� 5) SC Consideration/Issuance (Appeals)

� Approximately 104 week revision cycles for most documents (2 years)

A Uniquely Open Process

Resources to Help Support NFPA Documents

� Statistical Data

� Event Analysis

� Research

� Other:

� Public education; Literature archives; Member conferences; Advisory services; Higher learning, etc…

� NFPA One Stop Data Shop (OSDS)

� Premier source of fire data

� Gathered from multiple sources

� Directly available to TCs

Resources to Help Support NFPA Documents

� NFPA Fire Investigations

� Conducts on-site investigations

� Focuses on event analysis and lessons learned

� Recent examples:

� World Trade Center 9/11/01

� The Station – Warwick, RI

Resources to Help Support NFPA Documents

� Fire Protection Research Foundation (FPRF)

� Clarifies need for research

� Establishes funding sources

� Facilitates research project

� Disseminates results

Resources to Help Support NFPA Documents

In Closing…

� NFPA codes & standards establish the “will of society” on technical safety subjects

� In court of public opinion, they help find society’s balance between:

� Acceptable risk

� Commitment of resources

� Essentials of the NFPA system

� Due process

� Openness

� Lack of dominance

C) Process Step 1: Call for Proposals

� Public notices call for proposals

� Each document has proposal closing date

� Can be submitted by anyone (except staff)

� Proposals can request any change within a document

� d) For every proposal, TC must:

� Accept;

� Reject;

� Accept in principle; or

� Accept in part

Other than accept, TC substantiation must be provided to afford proposer opportunity for rebuttal at next stage

Process Step 2: Report on Proposals

C) Process Step 2: Report on Proposals

� e) TC is letter balloted on all actions (2/3 majority required)

� f) All proposals published (in ROP) & widely distributed

Process Step 3: Report on Comments

� a) Anyone can comment on any proposed change (in ROP)

� b) Blank comment form in the front of each ROP and on web

� c) TC meets and…

� Acts on all comments

� Generates own comments

For every comment, TC must:

� Accept; Reject; Accept in principle / part; Hold (if new material)

TC is letter balloted on all actions (2/3 majority required)

All comments published (in ROC) & widely distributed

C) Process Step 3: Report on Comments

� a) Public input gathering session

� For those documents on which additional input has been identified through the filing and validation of a Notice of Intent to Make a Motion

� b) Agenda: Discussion of Documents that have received Certified Motions

� c) Vote by NFPA general membership (must be member for at least 180 days)

C) Process Step 4: TCR Session at Annual Meeting

� a) Adjudication of all outstanding appeals

� Hearings are held with concerned parties

� Final changes are limited to appeals

� Approach similar to U.S. court system

� b) Documents are issued based on entire processing record

Process Step 5: Standards Council Issuance