100 Anos de Meteorologia No Brasil

7/22/2019 100 Anos de Meteorologia No Brasil

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Drescoe, 4::?


2/120

@e`gs Ohtlrhemogheos `l Metecgkeg he Zudcomeg (MOZ)(Miere Dresoclore `g Covrg, ]Z, Dresoc)

Gcovlore, Aedgce `l.

OHILP2 5:: ehgs `l iltlgrgcgkoe hg Dresoc2 5?:?-4::? 9 OHILP2

5:: ylers ga iltlgrgcgky oh Drezoc / Aedgce `l Gcovlore.

-- Drescoe, @A2 OHILP, 4::?.

54: p.

5. Iltlgrgcgkoe fostroe Dresoc. O. Ptucg.

Mgpyrokft

Ohstotutg Hemoghec `l Iltlgrgcgkoe

Zlsquose Dodcogkrstme l Omghgkrstme

]ulclhe Mgste Dreke Mglcfg

Ieroe Plrlzohfe Kecfer`g `l Mestrg

Essostlhtl `l Zlsquose

Lcozedltl Ngdeyesfo

Qlrsg li OhkcsDermcey Tgdlrt Mclilsfe

Zrgbltg Krstmg, L`otgreg l Mepe

]porec Mgiuhomeg

Oiprlssg Gslt

Krstme ]ehte L`wokls

::-::: M@\


3/120

Egs auhmoghrogs, iltlgrgcgkostes, gdslrve`grls, lh-klhflorgs, tmhomgs l òroklhtls `g OHILP qul f 5::ehgs vi tredecfeh`g òuturheilhtl he prlvosg `gtlipg hg Dresoc.

@lòmetl` tg OHILPs lipcgylls, iltlgrgcgkosts,gdslrvlrs, lhkohllrs, tlmfhomoehs eh` òrlmtgrs wfg agr tfl

pest 5:: ylers fevl dllh wgrnohk èocy agr wletflr agrlmestoh Drezoc.

@lòmetroe@lòmetgry


4/120


5/120

]uirog

]uiiery 1 Eprlslhteg / Agrlwgr`

6 Zrlamog / Zrlaeml

5: Ohtrgùg / Ohtrgùmtogh

5< Meptucg 5 / Mfeptlr 5

@gs Zroirògs eg Ohmog è Iltlgrgcgkoe MolhtstmeArgi tfl Lercolst Poils tg ]molhtostm Iltlgrgcgky

4? Meptucg 4 / Mfeptlr 4

E Oipcehteg g ]lrvog l Zrlvosg l PlipgPfl Oipclilhtetogh ga tfl [letflr Agrlmestohk ]lrvoml

0= Meptucg = / Mfeptlr =

E Eipcoeg è Iltlgrgcgkoe hg Plrrotrog DresoclorgPfl Lxpehsogh ga Iltlgrgcgky oh Drezoc


6/1201

OHILP - 5:: Ehgs `l Iltlgrgcgkoe hg Dresoc - 5?:?-4::?

OHILP - 5:: _lers ga Iltlgrgcgky oh Drezoc - 5?:?-4::?

Eprlslhteg

Agrlwgr`

G Ohstotutg Hemoghec `l Iltlgrgcgkoe mflke eg mlh-

tlhrog etohkoh`g ohqulstoghvlc lvgcug tlmhgckome

l queco`e`l `l prlvosg `g tlipg l `g mcoie. Li 4::?,

g ohstotutg evehgu hg sostlie `l ighotgreilhtg `eetigsalre, mgi e oipcehteg `l


7/120;

Eprlslhteg

Agrlwgr`

Eg mgipclter 5:: ehgs, g Ohstotutg tli mgig `l-

sestg g lstedlclmoilhtg `g Mlhtrg Qortuec `l Ighotg-

reilhtg, Zrlvosg l Eclrte `l Lvlhtgs Iltlgrgckomgs

]lvlrgs hes Tlkols ]uc l ]u`lstl, dli mgig Hgrtl lHgr`lstl è Eirome `g ]uc, li permlroe mgi gs slrvo-

gs `l iltlgrgcgkoe `gs pesls vozohfgs l mgi g epgog

è Grkehozeg Iltlgrgckome Iuhòec, è Ekhmoe Ls-

tetec `l Iltlgrgcgkoe è Lspehfe l è Iltlgarehml.

E eg mggr`lheè lhtrl gs pesls qul lstg sgd gs

ilsigs alhilhgs iltlgrgckomgs l mcoitomgs eu-

ilhte e quecoè`l ès prlvosls, plriotl ieogr igho-

tgreilhtg `gs alhilhgs l ilcfgr ertomuceg lhtrl

es `lalses movos `gs pesls lhvgcvo`gs.

Essoi, g Ohstotutg Hemoghec `l Iltlgrgcgkoe mgipcl-te 5:: ehgs mgig uie ohstotuog ig`lrhe, mghstvlc l

rlsploteè hg Dresoc l hg lxtlrogr. Qostg mgig rlalrhmoe

`l ]lrvog Hemoghec `l Iltlgrgcgkoe l `lsliplhfeh-

`g peplc rlclvehtl buhtg eg kgvlrhg, g Ohstotutg mghtro-

duo `l agrie sokhostmetove pere es pgctomes `l `lslhvgc-

voilhtg sustlhtvlc `g Zes.

Lste gdre `gmuilhte sue fostroe l lhmfl `l gr-

kucfg gs qul `lce pertomopei l gs qul `loxerei slu

clke`g.

[grc` Iltlgrgcgkomec Grkehozetogh, ga tfl ]pehosf ]tetlIltlgrgcgkomec Eklhmy eh` Iltlgarehml.

Pfl mggròhetl` emtogh ga mguhtrols wfomf sulr tflseil iltlgrgcgkomec eh` mcoietl rlkoils ohmrleslstfl quecoty ga agrlmests, eccgws dlttlr ighotgrohk ga tfl

pflhgilhe eh` oiprgvl` mggròhetogh dltwllh tfl movoc`lalhsl grkehozetoghs ga tfl mguhtrols ohvgcvl`.

Oh tfos wey, tfl Hetoghec Ohstotutl ga Iltlgrgcgkymgipcltls 5:: ylers es e ig`lrh ohstotutogh, rlcoedcl eh`rlsplmtl` oh Drezoc eh` edrge`. ]llh es e rlalrlhml eighkstHetoghec Iltlgrgcgkomec ]lrvomls eh` pceyohk e rlclvehtrgcl oh rlsplmt tg tfl kgvlrhilht, tfl Ohstotutl ienlse sokhostmeht mghtrodutogh tg tfl pgcomols ga susteohedcl`lvlcgpilht ga tfl mguhtry.

Pfos wgrn `gmuilhts ots stgry eh` stccs wotf pro`l tfgsl

wfg pertomopetl oh ots emtovotols eh` tfgsl wfg fevl clat ottflor clkemy.


8/1206



Zrlamog

Zrlaeml

Uueh`g g Ohstotutg Hemoghec `l Iltlgrgcgkoe (OH-ILP) ago mroe`g, li 56 `l hgvlidrg `l 5?:?, es rl`ls`l gdslrvels è Ierohfe l `g Plckreag Hemoghecmghstotuei e desl pere es prlvosls `g tlipg l gs evo-sgs lhtg òroko`gs egs hevlkehtls l egs ekromuctgrls.Fevoe ui cghkg l aesmohehtl meiohfg `l `lsmgdlrtesl mghstrug `g mghflmoilhtg e slr plrmgrro`g, dlimgig `l ohmgrpgreg `l hgves tlmhgcgkoes qul eplr-alogerei gs ilmehosigs `l mgclte, prgmlsseilhtg,prlvosg l òvuckeg `gs prgùtgs iltlgrgckomgs.

Eg cghkg `l slu plrmursg, e Ohstotuog eipcogu sueburosòg pere `lz òstrotgs iltlgrgckomgs l mghstruoug ieogr emlrvg `l è`gs mcoietgckomgs `g Dresoc. Zes-sgu pgr vroes lstrutures l `lhgiohels, kehfeh`g,plr`lh`g l rlmuplreh`g eutghgioe l prlstkog. Li

tgès lces, mghtgu mgi prgstssogheos `l vecgr, iuotgs`gs queos lhkreh`lmlrei e iltlgrgcgkoe dresoclore, `lo-xeh`g sokhostmetove mghtroduog pere autures klrels lprgblteh`g e Ohstotuog hg Zes l hg lxtlrogr.

Es ohagriels iltlgrgckomes l mcoietgckomes prg-ùzoès l òsslioheès plcg OHILP sg epcomeès lirles `l kreh`l oipgrthmoe lmghiome l sgmoec `g Zes

[flh tfl Hetoghec Ohstotutl ga Iltlgrgcgky (OHILP)wes mrletl`, gh Hgvlidlr 56, 5?:?, tfl Hevy gdslrvohk hl-twgrn eh` tfl Hetoghec Plclkrepf agril` tfl desos agr tflwletflr agrlmests, eh` werhohks wlrl eoil` et seocgrs ehàerilrs. Pflrl wes e cghk eh` aesmohetohk petf ga òsmgvlryeh` nhgwcl`kl duocòhk tg dl agccgwl`, es wlcc es tfl ohmgr-

pgretogh ga hlw tlmfhgcgkols plralmtohk tfl ilmfehosisga mgcclmtogh, prgmlssohk, agrlmestohk eh` òssliohetogh gailtlgrgcgkomec prgùmts.

Oh ùl mgursl, tfl Ohstotutogh lxtlh`l` ots burosòmtogh tgtlh iltlgrgcgkomec òstromts eh` mghstrumtl` tfl igst lx-tlhsovl mgcclmtogh ga mcoietgcgkomec ete oh Drezoc. Ot sulrl`verogus mfehkls oh strumturl eh` `lhgiohetogh, keohohk,cggsohk eh` rlmgvlrohk eutghgiy eh` prlstokl. Oh ecc ots agr-is ot mguc` mguht gh vecuedcl prgalssoghecs, iehy ga wfgi

clht prlstokl tg Drezocoeh iltlgrgcgky, clevohk dlfoh` e sok-hostmeht mghtrodutogh tg auturl klhlretoghs eh` e`òhk tgtfl aeil ga tfl Ohstotutogh dgtf oh Drezoc eh` edrge`.

Pfl iltlgrgcgkomec eh` mcoietgcgkomec ohagrietogh prg-ùml` eh` ossliohetl` dy OHILP os eppcol` oh erles ga krl-et lmghgiom eh` sgmogcgkomec oipgrtehml tg tfl Mguhtry,erles sumf es aeriohk, movoc `lalhsl, lmgcgky, wetlr rlsgur-

Ehtghog @ovohg Igure@orltgr `g OHILP@orlmtgr ga OHILP

Agtg2OHILP


9/120?

Zrlamog

Zrlaeml

mgig ekrgplmuroe, `lalse movoc, lmgcgkoe, rlmursgs f`ro-mgs, lhlrkoe, se`l pdcome, hevlkeg erle l iertoie,oh`stroe, turosig, lhtrl gutres.

rkg `g Iohostrog è Ekromucture, Zlmuroe l Edes-tlmoilhtg, `ls`l slu hesml`gurg, l rlprlslhtehtl plr-iehlhtl `g Dresoc buhtg Grkehozeg IltlgrgckomeIuhòec, ekhmoe lsplmoecozeè ès Hels \hoès, gOhstotutg tli e iossg `l prgvlr ohagriels iltlgrg-ckomes mghstvlos sgmolè`l dresoclore l `l mghtroduor`l agrie mghstrutove pere g `lslhvgcvoilhtg sustlht-vlc `g pes.

Lhtrl sues mghquostes etueos `lstemei-sl e sokhost-metove lxtlhsg `l sue rl`l mgi e eòg `l lstelsiltlgrgckomes eutgitomes, e eipcoeg `l slu perqulmgiputemoghec, e e`gg `l ig`lrhes tmhomes `l prl-

vosg `g tlipg l `g mcoie l e kerehtoe `l ui lclve`ghvlc `l setosaeg `l slus usurogs, plce lxmlchmoe èsohagriels iltlgrgckomes qul òspghodocoze.

Lste gdre rlskete l `gmuilhte e fostroe mlhtlhroe`g OHILP. ]ohtg-il fghre`g l grkucfgsg `l slr pertl`lste fostroe l ekre`lg e tg`gs gs qul mghtrodurei lmghtroduli pere slu sumlssg.

mls, lhlrky, pudcom flectf, ierohl hevoketogh eh` evoetogh,ohùstry eh` tgurosi, eighk gtflrs.

Eh grkeh ga tfl Iohostry ga Ekromucturl lvlr sohml otsmghmlptogh, eh` plriehlht rlprlslhtetovl ga Drezoc oh tfl[grc` Iltlgrgcgkomec Grkehozetogh, eh eklhmy ga tfl \ho-tl` Hetoghs, tfl Ohstotutls iossogh os tg prgvo`l rlcoedcl il-tlgrgcgkomec ohagrietogh tg Drezocoeh sgmolty, eh` tg ienl emghstrumtovl mghtrodutogh tg tfl susteohedcl `lvlcgpilhtga tfl mguhtry.

Eighkst ots rlmlht mghqulsts lipfesos sfguc` dl kovlhtg tfl sokhoaomeht krgwtf oh ots hltwgrn wotf tfl e`òtoghga eutgietom iltlgrgcgkomec stetoghs, tfl oiprgvlilht ohots mgiputetoghec aemocotols, tfl e`gptogh ga ig`lrh tlmf-hoquls ga wletflr eh` mcoietl agrlmestohk, eh` tfl kue-rehtll ga e fokf `lkrll ga setosaemtogh oh ots mcolhts, es e

rlsuct ga tfl lxmlcclhml ga tfl iltlgrgcgkomec ohagrietoghtfet ot prgvo`ls.

Pfos dggn rlmeccs tfl 5::-yler fostgry ga OHILP. O eifghgrl` eh` prgu` tg dl pert ga tfos fostgry eh` tg glriy tfehns tg ecc tfgsl wfg fevl mghtrodutl` tg ots summlss,dgtf pest eh` prlslht.


10/1205:



Ohtrgùg

Ohtrgùmtogh

G Ohstotutg Hemoghec `l Iltlgrgcgkoe OHILP hes-mlu mgig ui sltgr `g Gdslrvetrog Hemoghec `g Tog`l Behlorg, e @orltgroe `l Iltlgrgcgkoe l Estrghgioe,l pessgu pgr ohilres trehsagriels eg cghkg `lstlmlhtlhrog. Li igilhtgs, sgdrlvovlu krees eg lipl-hfg l `lòmeg `l fgilhs, molhtostes, plsquose`grlsl tmhomgs, qul `lòmerei dge pertl `l sues voès ls-trutureg l eg agrteclmoilhtg `g OHILP.

Ieos è ilte`l è fostroe è ohstotuog pesse-sl hgTog `l Behlorg, proilorg he sl`l `g GH, l hes `meèsslkuohtls hg ehtokg lòamog è Mee l Zlsme, `g Iohost-rog è Ekromucture. Li ile`gs è `meè `l 5?1:, g lh-tg ]lrvog `l Iltlgrgcgkoe trehsalro`g pere Drescoe,gh`l gs pcehlbe`grls è hgve Mepotec Al`lrec b fevoeirlslrve`g uie kreh`l rle pere es hgves ohstecels èIltlgrgcgkoe.

@ls`l g ohmog è ohstotumoghecozeg è rle hg Zes,iermeè plcg ehg `l 5?:?, molhtostes l lstuògsgs dre-soclorgs mgilerei e pertomoper `gs lvlhtgs ohtlrhe-mogheos è rle l e ohtlrmeidoer ohagriels mgi slusperls, sgdrltu`g gs qul b sl rluhoei he GrkehozegIltlgrgckome Iuhòec (GII). Mroeè li 56;= mgi esthecoè`l `l uhostmer gs sostlies iuhòeos `l slrvogsl plsquoses iltlgrgckomes, e GII mghstotue-sl lieidolhtl prgpmog pere qul eckuhs dresoclorgs b plrml-dlssli e hlmlssoè`l `l ohtlkrer g ]lrvog Iltlgrg-

Pfl Hetoghec Ohstotutl ga Iltlgrgcgky OHILP stertl`coal es e slmtgr ga tfl Tog `l Behlorg Hetoghec Gdslrvetgry,tfl Iltlgrgcgkomec eh` Estrghgiomec Eìohostretogh, eh`ùrohk tfl pest 5:: ylers fes uh`lrkghl ohhuilredcltrehsagrietoghs. Et mlrteoh pgohts ot survovl` tfehns tg tfllgrt eh` `lòmetogh ga ilh, smolhtosts, rlslermflrs eh`tlmfhomoehs, wfg `lòmetl` e kgg`cy pert ga tflor covls tgduocòhk eh` strlhktflhohk OHILP.

Igrl tfeh feca tfl fostgry ga tfl ohstotutogh pessl` ohTog `l Behlorg, strst et tfl fle`quertlrs ga tfl HetoghecGdslrvetgry, eh` oh sudslqulht lme`ls oh tfl gc` Fuhtohkeh` Aosflrols duocòhk ga tfl Iohostry ga Ekromucturl. Oh tflio`-5?1:s tfl Iltlgrgcgkomec ]lrvoml, es ot wes et tfettoil, wes trehsalrrl` tg Drescoe, wflrl tfgsl pcehhohk tflhlw Al`lrec Mepotec fe` ecrle`y rlslrvl` e cerkl erle agrtfl hlw Iltlgrgcgky ohsteccetoghs.

]ohml tfl dlkohhohk ga tfl ohstotutoghecozetogh ga tflerle oh tfl Mguhtry, iernl` dy tfl yler 5?:?, Drezocoehsmolhtosts stertl` tg pertomopetl oh ohtlrhetoghec lvlhts oh tflerle, eh` tg lxmfehkl ohagrietogh wotf tflor mgcclekuls,edgvl ecc, tfgsl essgmoetl` wotf tfl [grc` IltlgrgcgkomecGrkehozetogh ([IG). Mrletl` oh 56;=, wotf tfl purpgsl gauhoayohk tfl [grc`s iltlgrgcgkomec slrvomls eh` rlslermf,tfl [IG mghstotutl` e prgpotogus lhvorghilht agr sgilDrezocoehs tg ecrle`y plrmlovl tfl hll` tg ohtlkretl tflIltlgrgcgkomec ]lrvoml oh Drezoc, edgvl ecc oh volw ga ots krlet


11/12055

Ohtrgùg

Ohtrgùmtogh

]rol Togs Dresoclorgs2 Tog Zerehede (IK/KG/I]) l]g Dlhlòtg. Hg `lstequl, g slcg `g Tog Zerehede.Fgilhekli è LMP egs 5:: ehgs `g OHILP.

Drezocoeh Tovlrs slrols2 Zerehede Tovlr (IK/KG/I]) eh`]g Dlhlòtg. Fokfcokftl`, tfl Zerehede Tovlr. Fgiekldy tfl LMP agr tfl 5:: ylers ga OHILP.

]lcg Tog ]g Dlhlòtg (ZE) - oiekli he pkohe 5:.Agtgs2 LMP

]g Dlhlòtg Tovlr (ZE) steip - oiekl gh pekl 5:.

ckomg hg Dresoc, sgdrltu`g `lvo`g kreh`l lxtlhsg`g tlrrotrog l òstmucè`l `l emlssg li rlkols sli`lhsoè`l pgpucemoghec. Lste cute, qul tli mgig igtle ohtlkreg l uhostmeg `gs slrvogs `l iltlgrgcgkoehg Zes, trehsperlml mgig ui aetg iermehtl li kreh`lpertl è fostroe `g OHILP.

Gs slrvogs iltlgrgckomgs `l tg`g g iuh`g lstgfgbl ohtlkre`gs pgr ilog `g prgkreie `lhgiohe`g Qo-kochmoe Iltlgrgckome Iuhòec ([grc` [letflr [etmf),mroe`g plce GII li 5?1= mgi g gdbltovg `l mgclter,prgmlsser l òsslioher es ohagriels iltlgrgckomes`l tg`g g iuh`g. Es ohagriels vi òeroeilhtl `lsetcotls iltlgrgckomgs, iocferls `l lstels `l suplr-amol, lstels `l er suplrogr, lstels li does stxes ldoes `lrove hgs ierls, l gdslrvels rlecozeès pgrhevogs l elrghevls. Pg`gs lssls ohstruilhtgs mgipliuie rl`l home, etuecilhtl ohtlkreè pgr trs MlhtrgsIltlgrgckomgs Iuhòeos, Mlhtrgs Iltlgrgckomgs Tl-kogheos Lsplmoecoze`gs l gs ]lrvogs Iltlgrgckomgs He-mogheos. @ls`l ile`gs è `meè `l 5?;:, g Dresoc, ui`gs Mlhtrgs Iltlgrgckomgs Tlkogheos, rlspghsvlc plcetrehsiossg `l è`gs mgclte`gs he Eirome `g ]uc, pereg Mlhtrg Iltlgrgckomg Iuhòec `l [esfohktgh.

Fgbl g OHILP mghtedocoze eckuies kreh`ls rlecoze-ls sghfeès pgr slus o`lecoze`grls, mgig e rl`l `llstels iltlgrgckomes lspecfeès pgr tg`g g Zes, e

tlrrotgroec lxtlh` eh` tfl omucty ga emmlss tg rlkoghs ga cgwpgpucetogh `lhsoty. Pfos lgrt wfomf fes es ots tflil tflohtlkretogh eh` uhostmetogh ga tfl iltlgrgcgkomec slrvomlsoh tfl Mguhtry, epplers es e tre`liern oh tfl krletlr pertga tfl fostgry ga OHILP.

Pgèy, tfl wgrc`s iltlgrgcgkomec slrvomls erlohtlkretl` tfrgukf e prgkrei meccl` tfl [grc` [letflr[etmf, mrletl` dy tfl [IG oh 5?1= wotf tfl gdblmtovl gamgcclmtohk, prgmlssohk eh` òssliohetohk iltlgrgcgkomecohagrietogh argi tfl wfgcl [grc`. Pfl ohagrietogh mgilsèocy argi iltlgrgcgkomec setlccotls, tfguseh`s ga suraemlstetoghs, upplr eor sguhòhks stxl` eh` `roatohk dugys, eh`gdslrvetoghs merrol` gut dy sfops eh` eormreat. Ecc tflslohstruilhts mghstotutl e uhoqul hltwgrn, ohtlkretl` voetfrll [grc` Iltlgrgcgkomec Mlhtlrs, ]plmoecozl` TlkoghecIltlgrgcgkomec Mlhtlrs eh` Hetoghec Iltlgrgcgkomec]lrvomls. ]ohml tfl io` slvlhtols, Drezoc fes dllh ghl gatfl Tlkoghec Iltlgrgcgkomec Mlhtlrs, rlspghsodcl agr tfltrehsiossogh ga ète mgcclmtl` oh ]gutf Eilrome tg tfl[grc` Iltlgrgcgkomec Mlhtlr oh [esfohktgh.

Pgèy, OHILP meh pro`l otslca gh e huidlr ga krletemfolvlilhts ghcy rleil` edgut dy tfl Ohstotutls mrletgrs,sumf es tfl hltwgrn ga iltlgrgcgkomec stetoghs sprle`tfrgukfgut tfl Mguhtry, tfl ohtlkretogh wotf ohtlrhetoghecslrvomls, eh` tfl usl ga cleòhk l`kl tlmfhgcgkols, sumf eshuilromec wletflr eh` mcoietl agrlmestohk. Alw Drezocoeh


12/12054



ohtlkreg mgi gs slrvogs ohtlrhemogheos, l g usg `ltlmhgcgkoes `l pghte, mgig es qul sl epcomei ig-`lcekli huirome `g tlipg l mcoietgcgkoe. Zgumesohstotuols kgvlrheilhteos dresoclores, sgdrltu`g es`lòmeès e lstu`gs tlromgs l epcome`gs, b etohkoreie ierme `gs 5:: ehgs. , pgrtehtg, ohlkvlc e rlclvhmoe`l rlceter lste fostroe, qul rlfflltl igilhtgs sokhostmeto-vgs è fostroe dresoclore hg ctoig smucg.

Lstl covrg ago prgùzo`g mgi e mgcedgreg `l òvlr-ses plssges, qul mghtrodurei mgi `lpgoilhtgs pls-sgeos, `gmuilhtgs, l agtgkrestes fostromes. E rlmghstru-g ès proilores mohmg `meès è fostroe `g OHILPago pgssvlc, sgdrltu`g, krees eg tredecfg `lòme`g `glhklhflorg, iltlgrgcgkoste l lsmrotgr Bgequoi `l ]ei-peog Alrrez, qul eci `l lsmrlvlr covrgs sgdrl e fostroeè iltlgrgcgkoe hg Dresoc l hg iuh`g, tlvl g muoè`g`l rluhor `gmuilhtgs l rlmgrtls `l bgrhec eg cghkg `gsehgs li qul tredecfgu hg slrvog iltlgrgckomg. Eutg-rls qul g suml`lrei teidi agrei mghsucte`gs, ies dgi rlssecter qul g tredecfg `l ]eipeog Alrrez sliprl mote`g pgr lssls eutgrls.

Dusmeigs teidi mghtlxtuecozer e fostroe g OHILPmgi gs igilhtgs pgctomgs vovo`gs plcg Dresoc eg cghkg`lssl plrg`g `l 5:: ehgs, qul òrlte gu ohòrlteilhtlsliprl ealterei e Ohstotuog. E pertor è `meè `l5?1:, eci è ieogr aemocoè`l `l emlssg e `gmuilhtgs,

kgvlrhilht ohstotutoghs, edgvl ecc tfgsl `lòmetl` tg dgtftflgrltomec eh` eppcol` stuòls, meh mceoi e 5::-yler fostgry.Pfl rlclvehml ga rlcetohk tfos stgry os orrlautedcl, rlffllmtohkes ot gls sokhostmeht igilhts oh tfl fostgry ga Drezoc urohktfl pest 5:: ylers.

Pfos dggn wes prgùml` wotf tfl mgccedgretogh gaiehy plgpcl, wfg mghtrodutl` wotf plrsghec stetlilhts,`gmuilhts eh` fostgrom pfgtgkrepfs. Pfl rlmghstrumtogh gatfl strst < `lme`ls ga tfl stgry ga OHILP wes pgssodcl tfehns,edgvl ecc, tg tfl lòmetl` wgrn ga tfl lhkohllr, iltlgrgcgkosteh` wrotlr, Bgequoi `l ]eipeog Alrrez, wfg, oh e`òtogh tgwrotohk dggns edgut tfl fostgry ga iltlgrgcgky oh Drezoc eh`tfl [grc`, tggn merl tg mgcclmt `gmuilhts eh` hlwspeplrmuttohks tfrgukfgut tfl ylers ùrohk wfomf fl wgrnl` ohtfl iltlgrgcgkomec slrvoml. Eutfgrs wfg agccgwl` foi wlrlecsg mghsuctl`, dut ot sfguc` dl lipfesozl` tfet tfl wgrn ga]eipeog Alrrez os ohveroedcy motl` dy tflsl cetlr wrotlrs.

[l fevl ecsg ettliptl` tg pceml tfl stgry ga OHILPoh tfl mghtlxt ga tfl pgcotomec lvlhts lxplrolhml` dy Drezocecghk tfos 5::-yler plrog`, wfomf orlmtcy gr ohòrlmtcy fevlecweys elmtl` tfl Ohstotutogh. Es argi tfl `lme`l ga tfl5?1:s, epert argi lesolr emmlss tg `gmuilhts, ot wes ecsg

pgssodcl tg wgrn wotf stetlilhts argi plgpcl wfg wgrnl`,gr mghtohul tg wgrn oh OHILP.

Gh sthosfohk tfos dggn, ot os ecigst oipgssodcl hgt tgrlffllmt gh tfl iltomucgus eh` mghtohugus wgrn merrol`


13/1205=

Ohtrgùg

Ohtrgùmtogh

teidi tredecfeigs mgi `lpgoilhtgs `l plssgesqul tredecferei gu eohè lstg etoves hg OHILP.

Eg mgipclter lste gdre, quesl oipgssvlc hg rl-fflltor sgdrl g tredecfg iltomucgsg l mghthug qul il-tlgrgcgkostes `l tg`g g Zes rlecozei òeroeilhtl, f5:: ehgs, l sgdrl e prlslhe `g rlsucte`g òrog `lssltredecfg he voè `l tg`gs hs. Emgrèigs gcfeh`g pereagre e behlce, l iuotg g qul veigs aezlr urehtl g oe,lst rlcemoghe`g mgi g qul sedligs sgdrl gs fuigrls`g tlipg. Essoi, sli rlmlog `l lxeklrg, pg`ligs ò-zlr qul lcls, gs iltlgrgcgkostes, hgs ebuèi e pcehlberhgsses voès.

G dgi sedlr qul `g gutrg ce`g `lsse cokeg, fplssges epeoxgheès tredecfeh`g he prlvosg `g tli-pg. Dusmeigs hes pecevres `g iltlgrgcgkoste Cuoz Me-vecmehto, mflal `g Mlhtrg `l Ehcosl l Zrlvosg `g Pli-pg (MEZTL) `g OHILP, rlsuior g slhtoilhtg òrog `gsiltlgrgcgkostes qul etuei òrlteilhtl he prlvosg `gtlipg2

Li hgssg tredecfg hg f ighgtghoe. Pg`g òe mgig sl agssl ui hgvg `lsestg, pgos e etigsalre hge`grilml, iuotg òhiome. Kgstg `l plhser qul hs,prlvosgrls `g tlipg, tg`gs gs òes lhmghtreigs tg`gsgs òes plce arlhtl.

gut dy iltlgrgcgkosts argi tfl lhtorl Mguhtry agr tfl pest5:: ylers, eh` tfl prlslhml ga tfl rlsucts ga tfos wgrn ohgur èocy covls. [l ewenl cggnohk gut ga tfl woh`gw, ehìumf ga wfet wl erl tg `g ùrohk tfl èy os rlcetl` tgwfet wl nhgw edgut tfl wletflr. Pfus, wotfgut aler galxekklretogh, wl meh sey tfet tfly, tfl iltlgrgcgkosts,flcp us pceh gur èocy covls.

Ot os kgg` tg nhgw tfet gh tfl gtflr so`l ga tfos cohntflrl erl plgpcl pessoghetl edgut tflor wgrn oh wletflragrlmestohk. [l meh suiierozl tfl èocy slhtoilht gatfl iltlgrgcgkosts wfg pertomopetl òrlmtcy oh wletflragrlmestohk oh tfl wgr`s ga tfl iltlgrgcgkost, CuozMevecmehto, fle` ga tfl OHILPs [letflr Ehecysos ehÀgrlmestohk Mlhtlr (MEZTL)2

Pflrl os hg ighgtghy oh gur wgrn. Lvlry èy os conl ehlw mfecclhkl, agr tfl etigspflrl os `yheiom, ot `gls hgtscllp. O conl tg tfohn tfet lvlry èy wl, wletflr agrlmestlrs,lhmguhtlr ecc tfl èys efle`.


14/120


15/120

@gs Zroir`ogs eg Ohmog `e

Iltlgrgcgkoe Molhtstme

Argi tfl Lercolst Poils tg

]molhtostm Iltlgrgcgky

Meptucg 5

Mfeptlr 5


16/12051



@gs Zroirògs eg Ohmog è Iltlgrgcgkoe Molhtstme

Argi tfl Lercolst Poils tg ]molhtostm Iltlgrgcgky

E mgkoteg iltlgrgckome `l tg`gs gs tlipgs.Iltlgrgcgkomec tfohnohk os argi ecc toils.

(Bgequoi `l ]eipeog Alrrez)

rlmgrrlhtl he cotlreture sgdrl e fostroe è iltlg-rgcgkoe lclklr g fgili proiotovg, queh`g b `gte`g `leckuie mepemoè`l `l remogmhog, mgig quli proilorggdslrvgu e ohffluhmoe `g mcoie he voè sgdrl e Plrre. Zgr

lsse rezg, ]eipeog Alrrez, mgig gutrgs eutgrls, mghalrl iltlgrgcgkoe g stetus l uie es ieos ehtokes osmopco-hes `g mghflmoilhtg, eohè qul pr-molhtstmg, pgos quldesle`g uhomeilhtl he lxplrohmoe qul sl emuiucevemgi e gdslrveg `gs alhilhgs mcoietgckomgs. E rl-pltog ès lstels `g ehg, g igvoilhtg ès iers, eòrlg `gs vlhtgs, e ieogr gu ilhgr ohtlhsoè`ls èsmfuves l tliplste`ls, `ls`l iuotg ml`g grolhterei esels `g fgili li slu fedotet.

He Ehtokuoè`l gs dedochogs b aezoei gdslrvelssgdrl es iuèhes `g tlipg l mflkevei e errosmer kl-

hlrecozels, mgig e qul ago `lsmgdlrte li uie pce-me `l derrg èteè `l 0::: e.M. qul ohtlkre g emlrvg

Ot os e rlmurrlht tflil oh wrotohks gh tfl fostgry gailtlgrgcgky tg lclmt proiotovl ieh, es sggh es fl emquorlse iohoiui mepemoty agr retoghec tfgukft, es tfl dlohkwfg strst gdslrvl` tfl ohfflulhml ga mcoietl gh coal gh tfos

pcehlt. Agr tfos rlesgh, ]eipeog Alrrez, bust es gtflreutfgrs, lh`gws iltlgrgcgky wotf tfl stetus ga ghl gatfl gc`lst stlc`s ga nhgwcl`kl, desl` purlcy gh lxplrolhmlemmuiucetl` tfrgukf gdslrvetoghs ga mcoietgcgkomec

pflhgilhe. Pfl rlpltotogh ga tfl slesghs, tfl igvlilhtga to`ls, tfl òrlmtogh ga tfl woh`s, tfl krletlr gr clsslrohtlhsoty ga reohaecc eh` stgris, fevl cghk kuo`l` tfldlfevogur ga ieh oh fos fedotet.

Oh ehtoquoty tfl Dedycghoehs ecrle`y ie`l gdslrvetoghsga tfl mfehkls oh wletflr eh` lvlh rosnl` klhlrecozetoghs2e mcey tedclt, tg dl aguh` oh tfl Drotosf Iuslui, ètl` 0:::

ylers DM, os ohsmrodl` wotf tfl tlxt E rohk erguh` tfl suhagrltlccs tfl mgiohk ga reoh.

Mepe `g Iltlgrgcgkome l Erosttlcls (=0: e.M.). Gdre ieos ehtokehg qul sl rlalrl e essuhtgs iltlgrgckomgs. Mrotome`g etuecilhtlplce ohlxeto`g, g tredecfg ago rlsplote`g mgig e eutgroè`l liIltlgrgcgkoe pgr quesl `gos ioc ehgs.Agtg2 Tlprgùg OHILP

Mgvlr ga Erostgtcls Iltlgrgcgkome (=0: DM) tfl gc`lst wgrn wfomfienls rlalrlhml tg iltlgrgcgky. Mrotomozl` hgweèys agr ots lrrgrs,tfl wgrn wes mghso`lrl` eh eutfgroty gh iltlgrgcgky agr hlercy twgtfguseh` ylers.

51




17/1205;



`g Iuslu `l Cgh`rls. Hlce lhmghtrei-sl gs òzlrls2Uueh`g ui ehlc mormuhè g ]gc, mfuve meor.

Hg iuh`g gmo`lhtec g ohmog `g lstu`g sgdrl g ilogeidolhtl etigsaromg ète `l ile`gs `g smucg OQ e.M.

queh`g g stcsgag krlkg Erosttlcls pudcomgu sue gdreIltlgrgcgkome , toreh`g g tlie è gdsmuroè`l iotgc-kome. G lhseog `l Erosttlcls dusmgu rluhor tg`g g mg-hflmoilhtg lhtg lxostlhtl sgdrl g tlipg l g mcoie,òsmgrrlh`g sgdrl lvlhtgs mgig es huvlhs, e mfuve, ehlvl, g vlhtg, gs trgvls l auremls. Lcl muhfgu g tlr-ig iltlgrgcgkoe lxtre`g è pecevre iltlgrg, qul likrlkg sokhostme g qul lst lclve`g gu mghto`g he etigs-alre. E vosg erostgtcome lhkcgdeve he iltlgrgcgkoe esmohmoes è tlrre `l agrie klrec, l hg eplhes g `gihoglsplmstmg `gs lstu`gs è etigsalre. Lre uie lxpcome-

g stcgsstme l lsplmucetove `gs alhilhgs etigsaro-mgs qul, eplser `l iuotes lsplmucels lquovgmeès, agoemlote pgr mlrme `l 4 ioc ehgs.

Eckuies `meès eps e Iltlgrgcgkome , g stcsgagkrlkg Plgarestg, òsmpucg `l Erosttlcls, pudcomgu g ls-tu`g Gs ]oheos `g Plipg, mghso`lre`g mgig e proiloregdre sgdrl prlvosls iltlgrgckomes he Lurgpe. Mgigtlstliuhfe è `lòmeg `gs krlkgs egs lstu`gs `gsalhilhgs etigsaromgs, eohè lhmghtreigs ohtemte liEtlhes e Pgrrl `gs Qlhtgs, uie lòstmeg li irigrlhg agrietg gmtgkghec, prgvevlcilhtl mghstruè pgr

vgcte `g ehg


18/12056



hg gpsmucg `l sue eutgroe ohtotuce`g Zlqulhg Fostromg`g ]lrvog `l Iltlgrgcgkoe (Tog `l Behlorg, 5?1=), essoioiekohgu gs igvoilhtgs `g mete-vlhtg2 Igcèè lidrghzl `gure`g, `lvlroe slr dlcg g lalotg meuse`g plcecuiohgse stkure `g Protg, c hg ectg `l g Fgrgcgkogh(hgil krlkg è`g Pgrrl).

Eps gs krlkgs, ago he Tlhesmlhe qul g iuh`g gmo-`lhtec essostou egs proilorgs kreh`ls evehgs he iltlg-rgcgkoe, sgdrltu`g mgi e ohvlhg `l ohstruilhtgs quloroei aemocoter g meiohfg pere g mghflmoilhtg molhtstmg`gs alhilhgs etigsaromgs, l `lslhvgcvlr e mepemoè-`l `l prlvlr g tlipg. Li 50 Gshedrumn, he Ecliehfe> Zeros l Qersvoe. Gs

Kecoclu Kecoclo (5


19/1205?



Lvehklcoste Pgrromlcco (51:6-510;) ohvlhtgr `g deriltrg `l ilrm-rog, mghflmo`g e prohmpog mgig tudg l Pgrromlcco.Agtg2 fttp2//upcge`.wonoilòe.grk/wonoplòe/mgiighs/d/d4/Codr:=1;.bpk

Lvehklcoste Pgrromlcco, (51:6-510;) ohvlhtgr ga tfl ilrmury dergiltlr,grokoheccy nhgwh es Pgrromlccos tudl.

è`gs mgclte`gs lrei lhvoe`gs rlkucerilhtl pere e ls-teg mlhtrec li Acgrlhe.

]eipeog Alrrez, li slu tredecfg sgdrl e iltlgrg-cgkoe hg Dresoc, clidre qul lste mohmoe ekuer`gu pgrsmucgs g surkoilhtg `gs proilorgs ohstruilhtgs `lilòg, ehtls `l evlhturer-sl li ohvlstokels pere`lsvlhèr alhilhgs et lhtg `lsmghflmo`gs. He Eh-tokuoè`l gs pcuvoiltrgs b lrei utocoze`gs he Mgrloe lhe Zeclstohe, iuotg ehtls è mfeieè aesl clktoie `gsproilorgs ohstruilhtgs iltlgrgckomgs, ohomoeè mgi gtlrigsmpog `l Kecoclu. E `lsmgdlrte `g prohmpog `g

deriltrg `l Pgrromlcco pgssodocotgu e ilòè è prlssgetigsarome, `lhgioheè pgr ]eipeog Alrrez mgig eieos almuhè è que`re e`gclsmlhtl è iltlgrgcgkoe.Ago g plrg`g qul oheukurgu e lvgcug `lssls eperl-cfgs, pgos ehtls g sthec g smucg VQOO gs lurgplus b uto-cozevei tlriiltrgs, pcuvoiltrgs, ehliiltrgs l etmgcltgrls `l grvecfg pere ilòls iltlgrgckomes.

Es proilores ilòls quehtotetoves hg Dresoc s ag-rei emghtlmlr hg smucg slkuohtl, li Dermlcgs, ehtokemepotec `g Eiezghes, l hg Tog `l Behlorg. Ies ]eipeogAlrrez, pgstlrogrilhtl mote`g pgr òvlrsgs eutgrls, ehe-

cosgu e fostroe è iltlgrgcgkoe hg Dresoc utocozeh`g gmghmlotg è clo `gs trs lste`gs, agriuceè plcg stcsgagarehms Eukustg Mgitl (5;?6-56 Gshedrumn oh Klriehy> Zeroseh` [ersew. Pfl ète mgcclmtl` wlrl slht rlkucercy tg emlhtrec stetogh oh Acgrlhml.

]eipeog Alrrez, oh fos wgrn gh iltlgrgcgky oh Drezoc,rlioh`s us tfet tfos smolhml fe` tg weot mlhturols agr tflepplerehml ga tfl strst ilesurohk ohstruilhts, dlagrlienohk ohvlstoketoghs eoil` et uhmgvlrohk pflhgilheuhnhgwh tocc tflh. Oh Ehtoquoty, reoh keukls wlrl usl` ohNgrle eh` Zeclstohl, cghk dlagrl tfl sg-meccl` clkotoietl

pfesl ga tfl strst iltlgrgcgkomec ohstruilhts, stertohk wotfKecoclgs tflrigsmgpl. Pfl òsmgvlry ga tfl prohmopcl ga

Pgrromlccos dergiltlr ie`l pgssodcl tfl ilesurlilht gaetigspflrom prlssurl, mghso`lrl` dy ]eipeog Alrrez es tfligst prgùmtovl ga iltlgrgcgkys e`gclsmlht ohstruilhts.Pfos wes tfl plrog` wfomf oheukuretl` tfl lvgcutogh gatflsl ohstruilhts, sohml dlagrl tfl lh` ga tfl 56tf mlhturyLurgplehs wlrl ecrle`y ienohk usl ga tflrigiltlrs, reohkeukls, ehligiltlrs, eh` lvlh `lw mgcclmtgrs, agr tfl

purpgsl ga iltlgrgcgkomec ilesurlilhts.Pfl strst quehtotetovl ilesurlilhts oh Drezoc wlrl ghcy

ie`l oh tfl hlxt mlhtury, oh Dermlcgs, tfl agrilr mepotecga Eiezghes, eh` oh Tog `l Behlorg. Dut ]eipeog Alrrez,

sudslqulhtcy motl` dy verogus eutfgrs, ehecyzl` tfl fostgryga iltlgrgcgky oh Drezoc usohk tfl mghmlpt ga tfl cew gatfrll stetls, agriucetl` dy tfl Arlhmf pfocgsgpflr Eukustl

Deriltrg `l ilrmrog `lslhvgcvo`g pgrPgrromlcco pere ilòr e prlssg etigsarome.Pgrromlcco gdslrvgu qul tgieh`g-sl ui tudg,mgi edlrture eplhes li uie lxtrlioè`ll mgipclteilhtl mflog `l ilrmrog queh`gohvlrto`g li ui vesocfe, mgi e ilsiesudsthmoe, e mgcuhe `l ilrmrog mghtoè hgtudg hg `lsmoe mgipclteilhtl. Lstedlclmoe-sl ui lquocdrog lhtrl g plsg è mgcuhe`l ilrmrog l e prlssg lxlrmoè plcg eretigsaromg.Agtg2 fttp2//www.vemuui-kuo`l.mgi/oiekls/iusluiW

tgrromlcco:4.koa

Ilrmury dergiltlr `lvlcgpl` dy Pgrromlccotg ilesurl etigspflrom prlssurl. Pgrromlccogdslrvl` tfet agr e tudl, mcgsl` et ghl lhèh` mgipcltlcy stccl` wotf ilrmury, wotf tflgplh lh` oiilrsl` oh tfl seil sudstehml, tfl

mgcuih ga ilrmury ò` hgt ruh gut mgipcltlcyohtg tfl cgwlr rlmopolht. Pflrl gmmurs ehlquocodroui dltwllh tfl wlokft ga tfl mgcuihga ilrmury eh` tfl prlssurl lxlrtl` dy tfletigspflrl.


20/1204:



cug `g mghflmoilhtg fuiehg. E stcgsgste mgitoehe

`lsthl qul es mghmlpls ohtlclmtueos è fuiehoè`lpessei pgr trs lste`gs tlromgs òstohtgs2 g lste`g tl-gckomg gu stmtmog, g lste`g ilteasomg gu edstretg, l glste`g molhtstmg gu pgsotovg.

Hlsse vosg mghmlotuec, e iltlgrgcgkoe dresoclore oho-moe-sl mgi e aesl lidroghroe `g socvmgce qul, mgigli gutrgs pesls, o`lhtostme l rlmghflml g mghflmoilh-tg b emuiuce`g plcgs hetovgs. Lssl emlrvg `l sedlrls,lidgre b mghteiohe`g pgr iotgs l ehoiosigs ruò-ilhterls, mghso`lre`g mgig g wletflr-cgrlè iltl-grgcgkoe dresoclore, g mghflmoilhtg agcmcromg `gs hògs

sgdrl g mcoie l g tlipg, rlpesse`g grecilhtl `l kl-reg e klreg, l pgstlrogrilhtl essoioce`g pgr slusmghquoste`grls drehmgs, e pertor `g smucg VQO. He gdreohtotuceè EGrkehozeg ]gmoec `gs Pupoheidsg eutgrAcgrlsteh Alrheh`ls òsmgrrl sgdrl lsse heg oh`klhequl, pgme è mflkeè `gs pgrtukulsls mghteve mgiuie pgpuceg lstoieè `l 5 iocfg `l plssges òvo-òè li trodgs qul gmupevei tgè e mgste dresoclore2 Esohagriels rlcetoves eg mghflmoilhtg `gs Pupohei-ds sgdrl g iuh`g heturec mormuhèhtl plriotli ohalrorqul lcls `lslhvgcvlrei rlspgstes lstmolhtls òehtl `l

iuotgs alhilhgs hetureos. Lssls mghflmoilhtgs lreiiuotg lxtlhsgs, oh`g è lsplmostmeg `l alhilhgsiltlgrgckomgs, l `l vrogs lspmoils ehoieos l vlkl-

Mgitl (5;?6-56


21/12045



teos l sue utocozeg et es tlhtetoves `l `gihog ikomgè heturlze.

E slkuhè aesl `lhgioheè `l iltlgrgcgkoe pr-molhtstme, `l trehsog edrehkl gs smucgs VQOO l VQOOO, lago mghso`lreè pgr ]eipeog Alrrez mgig ui cghkg pl-rg`g `l trehsog ùrehtl g quec eplhes ago lxpehò`gl eplraloge`g g mghflmoilhtg oh`klhe, l rlecozeèseckuies pgumes srols `l gdslrvels iltlgrgckomes`l mertlr ieos rokgrgsg. Hgs ehgs `l 5105, 5104 l 510=,g heturecoste eclig Bgrkl Iermkrevl rlecozgu gdslrve-ls, desleès eplhes li lstoietoves l mghstetels,`l alhilhgs mgig e òrlg `l vlhtgs l es mfuvesli Tlmoal, ùrehtl g plrg`g è `gioheg fgceh`lse.Hg smucg VQOOO surkli es proilores srols `l ilòls`l eckuhs lclilhtgs etigsaromgs, mgi e utocozeg `lohstruilhtgs mgig vligs hg que`rg edeoxg.

]rols tlipgreos mghflmoès hg Dresoc hgs smucgs VQOOO l VOVNhgwh Poil ]lrols agr Drezoc oh tfl 56tf eh` 5?tf Mlhturols

Zlrg`g Cgmec Eutgr @lsmrog

5;


22/12044



G usg sostlitomg `l ohstruilhtgs pere e ilòg`gs lvlhtgs etigsaromgs ieos mgiuhs s tlr ohmog hgDresoc e pertor `g smucg VOV, qul `lsthl e tlrmlore aeslmfeieè `l iltlgrgcgkoe molhtstme. g smucg liqul tu`g perlml emghtlmlr eg ilsig tlipg hg pe-hgreie è iltlgrgcgkoe iuhòec, mgi e ohvlhg gueplralogeilhtg `l ohstruilhtgs> g euilhtg `l lstu-`gs he asome l he ietlitome rlcemoghe`gs gu epcomvlos iltlgrgcgkoe> e iuctopcomeg `l gdslrvetrogs l ègrkehozeg `l pgstgs, qul pgssodocotgu e lcedgregès proilores mertes sohtomes mgi e shtlsl ès mghò-ls `g tlipg li kreh`ls rles. E ohvlhg `g tlc-kreag, li 560 tfl

iuctopcometogh ga gdslrvetgrols eh` tfl grkehozetogh ga

gdslrvetogh pgsts, ienohk pgssodcl tfl prgùmtogh ga tfl

strst syhgptom mferts, syhtflsozohk wletflr mghòtoghs gvlr

cerkl erles. Pfl ohvlhtogh ga tfl tlclkrepf, oh 560


23/1204=



Agcfe `l rgstg `g covrg `l dgcltohs ilhseos`l gdslrvels è lsteg `l Ghòhe (DE).Buhfg e gutudrg, 5?:=.Agtg2 OHILP

Arghtospolml ga tfl dggn ga ightfcygdslrvetoghs duccltohs argi tfl Ghòhe (DE)stetogh. Buhl tg Gmtgdlr, 5?:=.

Tlkostrgsrlecoze`gs liGhòhe (DE). 6 `l

bucfg `l 5?:=.Agtg2 OHILP

Gdslrvetoghsmerrol` gut ohGhòhe (DE). Bucy6, 5?:=.

kehozeg ès etovoè`ls iltlgrgckomes hgs lste`gsdresoclorgs.

G klkreag l sgmocgkg dresoclorg reòme`g li Zeros,

Mercgs @lcke`g `l Mervecfg, pudcomgu li Cgh`rls, li5?5;, e gdre Itgrgcgkol ù Drsoc, gh`l, gdslrve ]ei-peog Alrrez, agrei rluhoès es ohagriels fostromesieos mgipcltes sgdrl es huilrgses srols `l gdslrve-ls rlecozeès hg Dresoc `ls`l es ieos ehtokes et g pl-rg`g `l pudcomeg `g covrg.

\i iermg fostromg oipgrtehtl `g pghtg `l vosteohstotumoghec ago e mroeg pgr @. Zl`rg O, li 5< `l gutu-drg `l 564;, `g Oiplroec Gdslrvetrog `g Tog `l Behlo-rg, qul tohfe lhtrl sues sthecoè`ls ohomoeos e grolhteg`l ecuhgs ès lsmgces iocoterls `l tlrre l ier. Mgi e

mroeg `g Gdslrvetrog ohomoerei-sl gs prgmlòilhtgsmolhtstmgs qul eckuies meès ieos ter`l prgpomoeroeig hesmoilhtg è mcoietgcgkoe hg Dresoc. Lidgre eplhesli 5600 es proilores gdslrvels iltlgrgckomes epe-rlei hgs erquovgs `g Gdslrvetrog, he òrlg `l ]gu-colr `l ]euvl, b sl prlhuhmoeve g evehg `lste rle `gmghflmoilhtg hg ilog molhtstmg l ohtlclmtuec è mepotec`g Oiprog. Eci òstg, `ls`l e `meè `l =: `g smucgVOV, vrogs ertokgs sgdrl e mcoietgcgkoe `g Tog `l Behlorgagrei pudcome`gs he Tlvoste Iòmemerogme.

Li 5601, g Gdslrvetrog ago trehsalro`g pere g Io-

hostrog è Kulrre, l pessgu e mfeier-sl GdslrvetrogOiplroec. @l 56


24/12040



òroes `gs lclilhtgs etigsaromgs rlkostre`gs hequl-ce ohstotuog. Hg OO Oiprog, li 56;5, g Gdslrvetrog rltore`g è eìohostreg iocoter l rlgrkehoze`g plcghgvg òrltgr, g estrhgig arehms Liiehulc Coeos.

Es gdslrvels rlecozeès ùrehtl e klstg `l Coeos,mghso`lreès mgig g iermg fostromg qul meremtlrozee oipcehteg ès desls tlromes ès mohmoes etigs-aromes hg Dresoc, s agrei pudcomeès hgs Eheos `g Gd-slrvetrog e pertor `l 5660, plcg estrhgig dlcke CusMrucs, qul `ls`l 5665 essuiore g merkg `l òrltgr `gGdslrvetrog. E pertor `lssl plrg`g, e pudcomeg `gsè`gs mcoietgckomgs `g Tog `l Behlorg tgrhgu-sl ieosrlkucer.

Lhtrl gs poghlorgs hgs lstu`gs mcoietgckomgs qulmghtrodurei sokhostmetoveilhtl mgi g evehg `lssl

mghflmoilhtg hg Dresoc, ]eipeog Alrrez `lsteme g tre-decfg `g eclig Arl`lromg @relhlrt l `g iltlgrgcgkos-te eustremg Bucous Fehh, lssl ctoig mghso`lre`g mgigeutgroè`l ixoie he pgme mgi sue pudcomeg Feh-`dumf `lr Ncoietgcgkolgdre auhèilhtec è mohmoe èetigsalre. @relhlrt ago g proilorg mcoietgcgkoste e `ls-mrlvlr l òsmutor sgdrl g mcoie dresoclorg mgig ui tg`g.]lus proilorgs lsdggs agrei òvucke`gs he Tlvoste `lLhklhferoe (566


25/1204f g ohalcoz rluitomg mgi ui deriltrg e pucser limeè ertomuceg> f g mecgsg reduklhtg, mubgs ps b pgrso slhsvlos, eohè prlsslhtli gs ekuemlorgs> f g topg rl-sthe`g, qul etore ui gcfer pere g mu (s vlzls, e agre`g fdotg, clve-g e mghtlhter-sl mgi g tltg), merrlke gsgdrlmlhfg, ilòte l auciohe gs dlmogs mgi e dgrresmeoiohlhtl> (...). Eps òsmgrrlr sgdrl lssls l gutrgs topgs,]eipeog Alrrez ohomoe e lxpcomeg l mgig l aetg sl aeze prlvosg `g tlipg2 \i ]lrvog `l Zrlvosg `g Plipg`l mertlr gstmoec, alotg plcg Lste`g li dlhlamog è mgcl-tovoè`l, mghsostl li heè ilhgs qul mlhtlhes `l lste-

ls iltlgrgckomes, tgès cokeès plcg tlckreag, l mubgslhmerrlke`gs sg gdroke`gs e aezlr soiuctehleilhtl`ltlrioheès gdslrvels, uie gu ues vlzls pgr oe, les tlclkreaerli, sli `ligre, e ui pgstg mlhtrec.

Hg ehg slkuohtl mroeg è @IE ago pudcomeè uielòg `g Dgcltoi Iltlgrgckomg Ehg 5?5:, ohtotuceèGdslrvels Iltlgrgckomes alotes hg Gdslrvetrog He-moghec `g Tog `l Behlorgl hes Lstels è Tl`l Hemoghec,gh`l e slg `l Iltlgrgcgkoe l Asome `g Kcgdg è @IEeprlslhte ui pehgreie è sotueg `gs pgstgs l ès

[grc` Iltlgrgcgky slmtogh wes tesnl` wotf merryohk gutstuòls ga `rgukfts, ga tfl dlfevogur ga fokfs eh` cgws oh tflrovlrs, eh` ga wletflr agrlmestohk. Emmgr ohk tg Alrrez foislca,Mghmlrhohk `rgukfts eh` fy`rgcgkomec prgdclis, hgtfohkwes `ghl. [letflr agrlmestohk fe` igrl cumn ().

Oh e`òtogh tg fos tlmfhomec eh` prgalssoghec eptotu`ls,]eipeog Alrrez wes eh lxmlcclht wrotlr, òsmopcohl` eh`mghsteht oh tfl prgùmtogh ga ertomcls agr hlwspeplrs, tecnseh` mghalrlhmls. Gh Behuery 5;, 5?5=, fl pudcosfl` e cghkertomcl oh tfl Tog `l Behlorg Bgurhec ga Mgiilrml, wflrl fltecnl` edgut wletflr agrlmestohk, tfl rgcl ga tfl stetl, tflagrlmestlrs (iltlgrgcgkosts) eh` tfl stetus ga iltlgrgcgkyoh Drezoc. [l lxtremt argi tfos `lteocl` ertomcl eh lxmlrptwfomf `lighstretls hgt ghcy tfl eutfgrs lclkeht ylt soipclòèmtomosi, dut ecsg fos edocoty tg ienl foislca uh`lrstgg`wotf mghso`lredcl kgg` fuigr.

Pflrl erl iehy typls prgpflts ga tfl wletflr estflrl erl premtotoghlrs ga tfl ilòmohl ga mfercetehs eh`

agcn ilòmohl2 tflrl os tfl uhtorohk stu`lht ga ehoiecs,wfgsl mferemtlrostom sokhs eppler tg tfli tg prgvo`l tfldlst agrltlccohk ga mfehkls oh tfl wletflr> tflrl os tfluhfeppy rfluietom wotf e dergiltlr oh lvlry bgoht> tflrlos tfl duhogh-ro``lh mgipceohlr wfgsl allt, ecrle`y gvlr-slhsotovl, agrltlcc tfl reohs> tflrl os tfl rlsthl` typl, wfgkcehmls es tfl sny (sgiltoils, tfl agrml ga fedot cle`sfoi tg dl setosstl` wotf tfl mlocohk), reosls fos lyldrgws,ilòtetls eh` auciohetls ekeohst tfl oògts wotf tfloiiohlht stgri> (). Eatlr òsmgursohk edgut tflsl eh`


34/120=0



gtflr typls, ]eipeog Alrrez sterts eh lxpcehetogh ga fgwghl rleccy `gls wletflr agrlmestohk2 E [letflr Agrlmestohk]lrvoml ga eh gmoec heturl, merrol` gut dy tfl stetl agr tfldlhlstt ga tfl pgpucetogh, mghsosts ga hg clss tfeh fuh`rl`sga iltlgrgcgkomec stetoghs, ecc mghhlmtl` dy tlclkrepf,wfgsl ieheklrs erl gdcokl` tg ienl kovlh soiuctehlgusgdslrvetoghs ghml gr twoml plr èy, eh` tlclkrepf tfliwotfgut lcey tg e mlhtrec cgmetogh.

Oh tfl yler agccgwohk tfl mrletogh ga tfl @IE eh lòtoghga tfl Iltlgrgcgkomec Duccltoh _ler 5?5: wes pudcosfl`wotf tfl totcl Iltlgrgcgkomec gdslrvetoghs merrol` gut ettfl Hetoghec Gdslrvetgry, Tog `l Behlorg, eh` et HetoghecHltwgrn ]tetoghs, wflrl tfl @IEs slmtogh gh Zfysomec eh`Kcgdec Iltlgrgcgky prlslhts e pehgreie ga tfl stetoghseh` iltlgrgcgkomec gdslrvetoghs gvlr tfl lhtorl mguhtry. Ohtfl prlaeml tg tfl pudcometogh, tfl òrlmtgr, Flhroqul Igrozl,lxpceohs edgut iltlgrgcgkomec òstromts2 Et tfl prlslhttoil, lemf stetl tlrrotgry agris eh erle mgrrlspghòhk tge iltlgrgcgkomec òstromt. [flh lemf òstromt pgsslssls e

hltwgrn wotf e `lhsoty ga et clest ghl stetogh plr 4:,:::ni, eh` e iohoiui ga tlh stetoghs, e mlhtrec pgst wocc dloipcehtl`, wfomf wocc tenl gvlr tfl orlmt ieheklilht ga tflslrvoml, slhòhk ecc tfl hlmlssery ète tg tfl Tog `l BehlorgHetoghec Gdslrvetgry wfomf mggròhetls tfl wfgcl slrvoml.\htoc tflsl mghòtoghs erl aucstccl`, tfl Hetoghec Gdslrvetgrywocc òrlmtcy eìohostlr tfl òstromt hltwgrns ga stetoghs.

Igrozl ecsg mgiilhts oh tfos prleidcl tg tfl Duccltoh tfetuhtoc tfet toil, epert argi Tog `l Behlorg, dlagrl tfl mrletoghga tfl al`lrec slrvoml (@IE), ghcy tfl stetl ga ]g Zeucg fe` eslrvoml mghagriohk tg tfl ohtlrhetoghec stehèr`s lstedcosfl`

dy tfl Ohtlrhetoghec Iltlgrgcgkomec Grkehozetogh. Es e rlsuct gatfos, Tog eh` ]g Zeucg wlrl tfl ghcy twg stetls mghso`lrl` strstmcess argi tfl pgoht ga volw ga tflor mepemoty agr iltlgrgcgkomec

Tlkostrg `g slrvog iltlgrgckomg `l Blquo (DE).Buhfg `l 5?54.Agtg2 OHILP

Tleòhks argi tfl iltlgrgcgkomec slrvoml ga Blquo(DE). Buhl, 5?54.

gdslrvels iltlgrgckomes li tg`g g Zes. Hg Zrlamogè pudcomeg g òrltgr Flhroqul Igrozl aez uie lxpce-heg sgdrl gs òstrotgs iltlgrgckomgs2 Etuecilhtl,meè tlrrotrog lsteùec agrie uie mormuhsmrog ekrmgcee quec mgrrlspgh`l ui òstrotg iltlgrgckomg. Uueh`gmeè òstrotg pgssuor uie rl`l mgi e `lhsoè`l `l, plcgilhgs, uie lsteg pgr 4:.::: ni, tlh`g, hg ihoig,`lz lstels, or slr auhè`g rlsplmtoveilhtl, ui pgstg

mlhtrec, qul tgier e slu merkg e klrhmoe òrlte `g slr-vog, lhvoeh`g eg Gdslrvetrog Hemoghec g TB qul oro-kl eg mghbuhtg tg`gs gs è`gs hlmlssrogs. Et g prl-lhmfoilhtg `lstes mghòls, g Gdslrvetrog Hemogheceìohostrer òrlteilhtl es lstels ès rl`ls òstroteos.

Igrozl mgilhte eohè hlssl prliducg `g Dgcltoiqul et equlce ète, eci `g Tog `l Behlorg, sgilhtl glste`g `l ]g Zeucg b pgssue ui slrvog rlkuceroze-`g ehtls è mroeg `g slrvog al`lrec (@IE), `l emgr`gmgi es hgries l pe`rls ohtlrhemogheos lstedlclmo`gsplce GIO. Zgrtehtg, Tog l ]g Zeucg lrei gs homgs lste-

`gs mghso`lre`gs `l proilore mcessl `g pghtg `l vosteè mepemoè`l pere gdslrvels iltlgrgckomes. G ls-te`g `g Tog Kreh`l `g ]uc ago g proilorg e sgcomoter g dl-hlamog `l euxcog galrlmo`g plcg Kgvlrhg Al`lrec peregs lste`gs rlqulrlhtls, pere equosog `l ohstruilhtgsl ohsteceg `l lstels iltlgrgckomes.

Li 5?5:, b fguvl ui euilhtg mghso`lrvlc `g h-ilrg `l lstels è rl`l iltlgrgckome hemoghec, kreeseg liplhfg è rlmi mroeè @IE. Hg lhtehtg, e `lig-re he ohsteceg ès hgves lstels, sgieè òstmucè-`l li rlmruter plssgec quecostme`g hg ohtlrogr `gs lste-

`gs, liplrrevei e plrsplmtove `l tgrher gplremoghec g]lrvog `l Zrlvosg `g Plipg. Zere tlrigs uie hggè òstmucè`l qul lxostoe `l gdtlhg `l ohagriels


35/120= mfgre sli sl sedlr pgrqu, l dgi queh`g hg trgvlbe `l e klhtl tlrvghte`l `l or pere `ldeoxg è meie.

Pfl sny os conl e mepromogus wgieh, ghl igilhte kcgwohk siocl, tfl hlxt ilhemohk ehklr, mryohk,wotfgut nhgwohk wfy> eh` ot os e kgg` tfohk wflhtflrl os hg tfuh`lr tg ienl us weht tg fo`l uh`lrtfl dl`.

(Bgrhec `g Mgiilrmog 55 `l buhfg `l 5?56 -Eutgr `lsmghflmo`g)

epplerl` wotf tfl agccgwohk fle`cohls2Pfl Hetoghec Gdslrvetgry oh agmus2 oheukuretogh ga e

hlw slrvoml, wletflr agrlmestohk agr ekromucturl (Kezlte `lHgtmoes).

Pfl Iltlgrgcgky eh` Estrghgiy Eìohostretogh tgoheukuretl e hlw slrvoml (E Hgotl).

[letflr agrlmestohk wfet os tfos oipgrteht slrvomltfet wocc dl oheukuretl` tgigrrgw7 (G Oiplroec).

Tleòhk tfos eh` gtflr ietlroec, rlpgrts eh` ertomcls

pudcosfl` oh tfl Tog prlss dltwllh 5?5= eh` 5?4:, tflprlstokl eh` mferosie emfolvl` dy tfl [letflr Agrlmestohk]lrvoml eh`, edgvl ecc, ots prohmopec prgtekghost, ]eipeogAlrrez, os lvo`lht. Es argi 5?5;, tfl hlwspeplrs dlkehrlkucer pudcometogh ga tfl wletflr agrlmest, tgkltflr wotfiltlgrgcgkomec ohagrietogh agr evoetogh, tfl hevy eh`,edgvl ecc, ekromucturl. Eh` sohml tfl rggts ga tfos stgry erloh Tog `l Behlorg, rleòhk tfl hlwspeplrs ga tfl toil, wfetmetmf tfl lyl erl tfl prohmopec mghmlrhs tfet cl` tfl merogmes(plgpcl argi Tog) tg dl ohtlrlstl` oh tfl wletflr agrlmest tfl mghòtogh ga tfl dlemfls eh` Merhovec, et e toil wflh

tfl merhovec iermfls eh` dcgmns oh tfl strllts stocc ohvgcvl` ecerkl pert ga tfl pgpucetogh ga tfl moty.Pfl erle ga mcoietgcgky ecsg e`vehml` mghso`lredcy et


38/120=6



Mfgvlr7

Hg Mfgvlr hg Merhevec7

Porl-hgs `lste ohmlrtlze, @r., òssligs e ].]. eg

aezlr e plrkuhte qul tg`g merogme fgbl aez.

G @r. ]eipeog Alrrez, lsdgeh`g ui sgrrosg he

stsoghgioe, rlspgh`lu-hgs2

- Oipgssvlc! ] aezligs prlvosls pere es 40

fgres slkuohtls. G Merhevec lst tg cghkl...

- Ies, mfgvlr7 Hg mfgvlr7...rlpltoigs

ohquoltgs...

- g qul tg`g g Tog qulr sedlr. G tlclaghl tocohte

ohmlssehtlilhtl, l lu s ceilhtg hg pg`lr

setosaezlr e murogsoè`l klrec è pgpuceg.

- Hli uie pecevre trehqocoze`gre pg`l èr E

Tue7 Hg f lsplrehe `l dgi tlipg7

- Mgig cfl òssl, s pg`ligs aezlr prlvosls

pere es 40 fgres slkuohtls. Ies, slh`g e iòe

`g iec tlipg `l `lz òes, l b mfgvlh`g f

eckuhs òes, prgvvlc qul èquo et c, g ]gc

vgctl e drocfer l hgvg. prgvvlc, hg esslkurg,

hg lsteigs eperlcfe`gs pere tec prlvosg,mghmcuou ]ue Lxmlchmoe.

(Prlmfg `l lhtrlvoste pudcomeè hg bgrhec merogme

E Tue, li 4; `l alvlrlorg `l 5?5?).

[occ ot gr wght ot reoh et Merhovec7

Tlsgcvl gur `gudts @gmtgr, wl seo` tg ]] gh esnohk

tfl qulstogh tfet lvlry merogme os esnohk tgèy.

@r. ]eipeog Alrrez, siocohk klhtcy, rlpcol`2

- Oipgssodcl! [l ghcy ienl agrlmests agr tfl hlxt 40

fgurs. Merhevec os tgg aer oh tfl auturl

- Dut wocc ot gr wght ot reoh7... wl ohsostl`- Ots wfet tfl wfgcl ga Tog wehts tg nhgw. Pfl

pfghl tohncls ohmlssehtcy, eh` O ei ghcy sgrry hgt

tg dl edcl setosay tfl murogsoty ga tfl pudcom.

- Hg sggtfohk wgr` agr E Tue7 Hg fgpl ga kgg`

wletflr7

- Es O tgc` ygu, wl meh ghcy ienl agrlmests agr

tfl hlxt 40 fgurs. Dut, sohml wl fevl fe` de`

wletflr agr tfl pest tlh èys, eh` ot fes ecrle`y

dllh reohohk agr tfl pest alw èys, ots conlcy tfet dy

tflh tfl ]uh wocc dl sfohohk ekeoh. Zrgdedcl, hgt

kuerehtll , wl erl hgt lquoppl` agr ienohk sumf

agrlmests, mghmcu`l` Fos Lxmlcclhmy.

(Zert ga eh ohtlrvolw pudcosfl` oh tfl Tog hlwspeplr

E Tue ( Pfl ]trllt) gh Aldruery 4;, 5?5?).


39/120=?

E Oipcehteg `g ]lrvog `l Zrlvosg `l Plipg

Pfl Oipclilhtetogh ga tfl [letflr Agrlmestohk ]lrvoml

Klgkraomg l Lthgkraomg,gdre qul ùrehtl `meès agomghsucteè l moteè pgr lsplmoecostes è rle, hg Dresocl hg Lxtlrogr.

Hg meipg è Estrghgioe, ui aetg iligrvlc emgh-

tlmlu li ieog `l 5?5?, queh`g g Gdslrvetrog Hemoghecmggr`lhgu e lxplòg ohkclse qul gdslrvgu g lmcopsltgtec `g ]gc, li ]gdrec, hg Mler. G alhilhg, teidigdslrve`g he Ocfe Zrhmopl (hg erquopcekg `l ]g Pgil Zrhmopl), mghtroduou pere e mgiprgveg è tlgroe èrlcetovoè`l `l Lohstloh, eg sl mghsteter g `lsvog sgaro`gplce cuz ès lstrlces hg auh`g `g mu, meuse`g plcg mei-pg krevotemoghec `lvo`g iesse `g ]gc. E lsmgcfe è moè-`l `l ]gdrec ago suklroè pgr Flhroqul Igrozl, e pertor `llstu`gs mcoietgckomgs l lsmgcfoè plce lquopl `g TgyecKrllhwomf Gdslrvetgry pere gdslrveg `g alhilhg.

Mlrme `l `gos ehgs eps g ohmog ès gplrels `g]lrvog `l Zrlvosg `g Plipg, ]eipeog Alrrez pesse e`lalh`lr pudcomeilhtl uie rlagrie hg GdslrvetrogHemoghec mgi e slpereg l eutghgioe è rle `l Il-tlgrgcgkoe. Li ietroe pudcomeè hg bgrhec E Tue, `l 46`l ekgstg `l 5?5?, lcl aece ès trs prohmopeos rezls qulg igtovevei hlssl pclotg2

5 Li pertl hlhfuie `g iuh`g lst ui slrvogiltlgrgckomg hemoghec coke`g Estrghgioe, Klg`-soe l Klgasome, mghbuhteilhtl, mgig lhtrl hs. Lssefodroòzeg lstlrocoze`gre (...) pg`lroe slr eìossvlc

queh`g iuotg et g lstedlclmoilhtg `gs tredecfgs prl-coioherls, ecos f iuotg b tlriohe`gs. 4 E Iltlgrg-cgkoe pere prlster rlecilhtl, li kreh`l lsmece, slrvogs

Emeipeilhtg è lxplòg dresoclore he Zree `g Zetrgmhog li ]gdrec (ML) peregdslrveg `g lmcopsl sgcer, 5?5?.Agtg2 OHILP

Pfl Drezocoeh lxplòtoghs meip et tfl Zree `g Zetrgmhog oh ]gdrec (ML) agrgdslrvetogh ga tfl 5?5? sgcer lmcopsl.

tfos toil, wotf tfl lxpehsogh ga tfl hetoghec mcoietgcgkomechltwgrn, ienohk pgssodcl agr plgpcl conl @lcke`g l Mervecfg,

Earhog Zloxgtg eh` Igrozl foislca, eighkst gtflrs, tglxpeh` tflor nhgwcl`kl eh` stuòls ga tfl Drezocoeh mcoietl.

Pfl òrlmtgr ga tfl @IE pudcosfl` e ighgkrepf lhtotcl`Mghtrodutogh tg tfl ]tu`y ga tfl Mcoietl ga Drezoc, es pert gatfl Fostgromec, Klgkrepfomec eh` Ltfhgkrepfomec @omtoghery,e wgrn wfomf wes mghsuctl` eh` motl` dy splmoecosts oh Drezoceh` edrge` agr `lme`ls eatlr ots pudcometogh.

Oh tfl stlc` ga estrghgiy, e iligredcl gmmurrlhml tggnpceml oh Iey 5?5?, wflh tfl Hetoghec Gdslrvetgry mggr ohetlèh Lhkcosf lxplòtogh tg gdslrvl tfl tgtec lmcopsl ga tfl suhwfomf gmmurrl` oh ]gdrec, Mler. Pfl lmcopsl, ecsg gdslrvl` ettfl Ocfe Zrhmopl, mghtrodutl` tg tfl prgga ga Lohstlohs tflgryga rlcetovoty voe tfl gdslrvetogh ga tfl dlhòhk ga cokft reys

argi sters dy tfl krevotetoghec stlc` ga tfl ]uh. Pfl mfgoml gatfl moty ga ]gdrec wes sukklstl` dy Flhroqul Igrozl, gh tfldesos ga mcoietgcgkomec stuòls eh` emmlptl` dy tfl tlei argitfl Tgyec Krllhwomf Gdslrvetgry tg gdslrvl tfl lmcopsl.

Edgut twg ylers eatlr tfl stert ga gplretoghs ga tfl[letflr Agrlmestohk ]lrvoml, ]eipeog Alrrez meccl` pudcomcyagr e rlstrumturohk ga tfl Hetoghec Gdslrvetgry, wotf tflslperetogh eh` eutghgiy ga tfl erle ga Iltlgrgcgky. Oheh ertomcl pudcosfl` oh tfl hlwspeplr E Tue gh Eukust 46,5?5?, fl spgnl ga tfl tfrll ieoh rlesghs agr tfos rlqulst.

5. Hgwflrl oh tfl [grc` os e hetoghec iltlgrgcgkomec

slrvoml essgmoetl` wotf Estrghgiy, Klg`lsy eh` Klgpfysoms,tgkltflr, es ot os wotf us. Pfos stlrocl fydroòzetogh () iokftbust dl eìossodcl uhtoc tfl lstedcosfilht ga ohotoec stuòls, e


40/1200:



vecogsgs eg ekromuctgr, eg hevlkehtl l eg evoe`gr, rlqulreipcgs rlmursgs greilhtrogs l òrlg lxmcusove.Ieogr `gteg s pg`lr vor queh`g g Ohstotutg cgkrer`lighstrer, eohè qul ig`lsteilhtl, g slu vecoilhtg

prtomg. E òrlg lxmcusove s vovlc ilòehtl e sl-pereg edsgcute `gs etueos slrvogs fltlrmcotgs, l s`lplh`l, alcozilhtl, `l ui soipcls klstg `g Kgvlrhg.= E etuec rlpertog keste ehuecilhtl mgi e Iltl-grgcgkoe pere ieos `l


41/12005

E Oipcehteg `g ]lrvog `l Zrlvosg `l Plipg

Pfl Oipclilhtetogh ga tfl [letflr Agrlmestohk ]lrvoml

Lquopl `l ohkclsls, eilromehgs l dresoclorgs hegdslrveg `g lmcopsl sgcer he moè`l `l ]gdrec(ML), li 4? `l ieog `l 5?5?.Agtg2 OHILP

Plei mgipgsl` ga Lhkcosf, Eilromehs eh`Drezocoehs oh ]gdrec agr tfl gdslrvetogh ga tfl sgcer

lmcopsl ga Iey 4?, 5?5?.

Li 4< `l ieog `l 5?45, g iohostrg ]oils Cgpls essoheg `lmrltg h 50.64;, gh`l lxtohkul e @IE l li slu cu-ker mroe ùes ohstotuols g Gdslrvetrog Hemoghec l e@orltgroe l Iltlgrgcgkoe, mghsteè lsse ctoie orlg`l slu kreh`l `lalhsgr, Bgequoi `l ]eipeog Alrrez. Hgilsig ehg g Gdslrvetrog Hemoghec, sgd e òrlg `lFlhroqul Igrozl, ago `lsthotoveilhtl ohstece`g hg Igrrg`l ]g Behurog, li ]g Mrostvg, hg Tog `l Behlorg. Ls-tevei essoi slpere`gs g tlipg l es lstrlces.

]oils Cgpls sokhl` lmrll H. 50,64;, lxtohkuosfohk tfl @IEeh`, oh ots pceml, mrletohk twg hlw ohstotutoghs tfl HetoghecGdslrvetgry eh` tfl Iltlgrgcgkomec Eìohostretogh,

pcemohk oh mferkl ga tfl cettlr ots krlet mfeipogh, Bgequoi`l ]eipeog Alrrez. @urohk tfl seil yler tfl HetoghecGdslrvetgry, uh`lr tfl òrlmtogh ga Flhroqul Igrozl, wes

plriehlhtcy ohsteccl` et tfl Igrrg `l ]g Behurog oh ]gMrostgvg, Tog `l Behlorg. Pfus tfl flevlhs eh` tfl wletflrwlrl slperetl`.


42/120


43/120

Meptucg =

Mfeptlr =

E Eipcoeg `e Iltlgrgcgkoe

hg Plrrotrog Dresoclorg

Pfl Lxpehsogh ga

Iltlgrgcgky oh Drezoc

Agtg2 Erquovg K. Lrieng


44/12000



E Eipcoeg è Iltlgrgcgkoe hg Plrrotrog Dresoclorg

Pfl Lxpehsogh ga Iltlgrgcgky oh Drezoc

Agrei hlmlssrogs ieos `l =: ehgs pere qul sthecilhtl ui etg gstmoecrlmghflmlssl e uhostmeg `g slrvog iltlgrgckomg dresoclorg (5?:?-5?05).Ot tggn igrl tfeh =: ylers dlagrl eh gmoec emt stheccy rlmgkhosl` tfl uhostmetoghga tfl Drezocoeh iltlgrgcgkomec slrvoml (5?:?-5?05).

E hgve aesl ohstotumoghec è Iltlgrgcgkoe hg Dresoc,ekgre mgi e plrsplmtove `l meiohfer mgi ieogr eutg-hgioe eps e slpereg è rle `l Estrghgioe, emgh-tlml li ui igilhtg `l kreh`ls iuèhes hg Tog `l

Behlorg, mepotec al`lrec `g Zes. Es rlagries pere ig`lr-hozeg l sehleilhtg è moè`l ohomoeès he proilore`meè `g smucg VV, mucioherei li ui krehògsglvlhtg ohtlrhemoghec edlrtg eg iuh`g li sltlidrg `l5?44 e Lxpgsog `g Mlhtlhrog è Oh`lplh`hmoe `gDresoc, qul trehsagrigu g Tog `l Behlorg he ieos aesmo-hehtl moè`l è Eirome Cetohe, `l emgr`g mgi gs bgr-heos è pgme. Ieos `l = iocfls `l plssges mormucereiplcgs pevocfls è alore, edlrte plcg prlso`lhtl Lpotmog

Pfl hlw ohstotutoghec pfesl ga iltlgrgcgky ohDrezoc, hgw wotf tfl prgsplmt ga igvohk agrwer` wotfkrletlr eutghgiy, eatlr ots slperetogh argi tfl erle gaestrghgiy, fepplhl` et e toil ga krlet mfehkls oh Tog

`l Behlorg, al`lrec mepotec ga tfl mguhtry. Pfl rlagriseoil` et ig`lrhozohk eh` mclehohk up tfl moty, stertlòh tfl aorst `lme`l ga tfl 4:tf mlhtury, muciohetl` ohe krehògsl ohtlrhetoghec lvlht gplh tg tfl [grcòh ]lptlidlr, 5?44 tfl Mlhtlhery Lxfodotogh ga tflOh`lplh`lhml ga Drezoc, wfomf trehsagril` Tog ohtg tfligst aesmohetohk moty ga Cetoh Eilrome, emmgròhk tgtfl hlwspeplrs ga tfl toil. Igrl tfeh = ioccogh plgpclvosotl` tfl pevocoghs ga tfl aeor, gplhl` dy Zrlso`lht


45/1200 `lslhvgcvlu-sl g slrvog `l prlvosg`l tlipg, edermeh`g tg`g g suc `g tlrrotrog hemoghec>

fgusl dlcgw. Ecsg ienohk pert ga tfos ermfotlmturec krgup,tfl Iuslui ga Heturec Fostgry wes oheukuretl` oh 5?44,stertohk ots emtovotols oh twg rggis ga tfl agrilr Mese `gPrli `l Ertocferoe (Ertocclry Preoh Fgusl usueccy nhgwh

bust es tfl Preoh Fgusl) e duocòhk mghtokugus wotf tflGdslrvetgry Pgwlr. Pfl tgwlr wes nhgmnl` `gwh sgiltoil cetlr, tg ienl wey agr eh evlhul, eh` tfl Iuslui,rlstgrl` oh tfl 5?;:s, igvl` ohtg tfl agrilr ]ehtoekg Agrt.

Ectfgukf fl lhmguhtlrl` òmuctols rokft argi tfl stert,wotf cemn ga tlmfhomec plrsghhlc eh` ohsumolht auhòhktg merry gut tfl prgkrei fl fe` pcehhl`, ]eipeog Alrreziehekl` tg oipclilht e kgg`cy pert ga tfl gdblmtovls flfe` prgpgsl` oh fos eìohostretogh. Alrrez foislca suiilùp tfl emfolvlilhts ga tfl strst ylers ga fos iehètl esòrlmtgr2

Dltwllh 5?45 eh` 5?4=, tfl lxpehsogh ga tflmcoietgcgkomec hltwgrn mghtohul` eh` ehhuec duccltohswlrl pudcosfl`, tfgukf iumf `lceyl`> tfl wletflragrlmestohk slrvoml wes `lvlcgpl`, ohmcuòhk ecc tfl sgutf

ga tfl mguhtry> oh verogus pgohts sliepfgrl sokhecs wlrlohsteccl` agr stgri werhohk> tfl elrgcgkomec slrvoml wesstertl`, uhoqul oh Drezoc, ohmcuòhk tfl mghstrumtogh, oh

Hgvg lòamog è @orltgroe `l Iltlgrgcgkoe, Zghte `g Mecedgug (TB), 5?4=. Mghstru`g e prohmpog mgigpertl ohtlkrehtl è Lxpgsog `g Mlhtlhrog è Oh`lplh`hmoe, edrokeroe gs slrvogs iltlgrgckomgs hepertl suplrogr l uie mese `l mf he pertl ohalrogr.Agtg2 Erquovg K. Lrieng

Pfl Iltlgrgcgkomec Eìohostretoghs hlw duocòhk, @uhklgh Zgoht (TB), 5?4=. Grokoheccy duoct es pert ga tflMlhtlhery ga Oh`lplh`lhml Lxfodotogh, ot wes tg fgusl tfl iltlgrgcgkomec slrvoml oh ots upplr pert eh` e tle-rggisoh tfl cgwlr.


47/1200;



ohstecerei-sl vrogs pgstgs sliearomgs pere evosgs `l

tlipgreos> ohomogu-sl g slrvog elrgckomg, mgipclte-ilhtl ohòtg hg Zes, edrehklh`g g ilsig e mghstru-g li Eclkrltl (T]) l oipgrtehtl pgstg l sghèklhspgr ilog `l pepekeogs mlcucerls> rltgigu-sl g slrvog`l iltlgrgcgkoe iertoie (lidroghrog mgi Eiromg]ocve`g, l f iuotg lxtohtg), eipcoeh`g-g mghso`lrevlc-ilhtl mgi e mggplreg `l uie mlhtlhe `l hevogs èierohfe ilrmehtl lstrehklore> mroerei-sl gs ohòsplh-svlos slrvogs `l iltlgrgcgkoe ekrmgce l prlvosg `llhmflhtls `l rogs, mgileh`g plcg Zerede, mgi rl-sucte`gs emoie `l quecqulr lxplmtetove> l, sthecilhtl,

etoverei-sl plsquoses ehtokes l lhmlterei-sl gutres hgGdslrvetrog `g Ohstotutg Mlhtrec `g Tog `l Behlorg.Peidi hlssl plrg`g, li edroc `l 5?44, ago cehe-

è e Tlvoste Ilhsec `l Iltlgrgcgkoemgi uie mgclthle`l eutgroe `g lhklhflorg l iltlgrgcgkoste Igemor ]oc-ve, òstroduè li vrogs hilrgs sgd g ttucgZrgvrdogsIltlg-Ekrrogs.

Eclkrltl (T]) ga eh oipgrteht sguhòhk stetogh usohk mlccucer

notls> tfl ierotoil iltlgrgcgkomec slrvoml wes rl-stertl`(lidryghom oh Eiromg ]ocve`gs toil, eh` cghk lxtohmt),mghso`lredcy lxpeh`l` wotf tfl flcp ga erguh` e fuh`rl`sfops ga tfl agrlokh ilrmfeht ierohl> ohòsplhsedclslrvomls ga ekromucturec iltlgrgcgky eh` agrlmestohk ga rovlrfflgg`s, stertohk wotf tfl Zerede rovlr, wotf rlsucts dlygh`lxplmtetoghs> eh`, stheccy, lercolr rlslermf prgblmts wlrl rl-emtovetl` eh` hlw ghls wlrl stertl` et tfl gdslrvetgry gatfl Mlhtrec Ohstotutl ga Tog `l Behlorg.

Ecsg oh tfos plrog`, oh Eproc, 5?44, tfl IghtfcyIltlgrgcgkomec Bgurhec wes ceuhmfl`, wotf e mgcclmtogh

eutfgrl` dy tfl lhkohllr eh` iltlgrgcgkost Igemor ]ocve,òvo`l` ohtg verogus huidlrs uh`lr tfl totcl Iltlg-EkreroehZrgvlrds.

Es e rlsuct ga ecc tflsl lgrts, Drezoc wes preosl` ùrohktfl


48/12006



Mgig rlsucte`g `l tg`es lsses els, g Dresoc ago lcg-koe`g `urehtl e


49/1200?



Qosote `l Ecdlrt Lohstloh eg Gdslrvetrog Hemoghec li :? `l ieog `l 5?4


50/120


51/120 m) GdslrvetrogIltlgrgckomg> `) Tl`l Iltlgrgckome> l l) ]uplrohtlh-`hmoe `l Ietlroec.

Hg lhtehtg, pgumg ieos `l 5 ehg `lpgos, g `lmrltg

h 4=.?;?, `l 6 `l ierg `l 5?=0, lxtohkul e @orltgroeKlrec `l Zlsquoses Molhtstmes, l `lsilidre g Ohstotutgmroe`g hg ehg ehtlrogr. E slg `l fo`rgiltroe veo pere

@urohk tfl sfgrt toil tfet fl wes òrlmtgr, Teuc Vevolr,eighkst gtflr emfolvlilhts, ohstotutl` e treohohkmgursl agr tfl iltlgrgcgky plrsghhlc, wfomf meil tg dlmggròhetl` dy tfl lhkohllr Kestg ]eoht Iertoh. Teuc Zorls

Vevolr òrlmtl` tfl Iltlgrgcgkomec Eìohostretogh agr clsstfeh 4 ylers dlagrl dlohk sudstotutl` dy Eh`re`l IertohsMgste, e prgalssgr ga pfysoms argi tfl Lsmgce Zgcotmhome(eh lhkohllrohk aemucty).

Pfl iohostlr ga Ekromucturl oh tfl prgvosoghec kgvlrhilhtga Kltcog Qerkes, Buerlz Pvgre, ohstoketl` e rlagri gatfl erle wfomf wes tg òrlmtcy elmt tfl iltlgrgcgkomecslmtgr. Pfl `lmrll H. 44, d) stvltlmfhomec slmtoghs es agccgws2 Elrgcgky, Mcoietgcgky eh`Tlslermf, [letflr Agrlmestohk, Fy`rgcgky eh` EkromucturecLmgcgky> m) Iltlgrgcgkomec Gdslrvetgry> `) IltlgrgcgkomecHltwgrn> l) Ietlroecs ]uplrohtlh`lhmy.

Fgwlvlr, cottcl igrl tfeh e yler cetlr, `lmrll H. 4=,?;?ga Iermf 6, 5?=0, lxtohkuosfl` tfl Klhlrec @orlmtgretl ga]molhtostm Tlslermf, eh` òsiehtcl` tfl ohstotutl mrletl`tfl prlvogus yler. Pfl fy`rgcgky slmtogh wlht tg tfl [etlrs

]lrvoml ga tfl Hetoghec @lpertilht ga Iohlrec Zrgùmtogh,tfl ekromucturec lmgcgky slmtogh wes feh`l` gvlr tgtfl Ohstotutl ga Qlkltedcl Dogcgky ga tfl @lpertilht ga


52/120 eh` tfl gtflr iltlgrgcgkomec slrvomlswlht tg tfl @lpertilht ga Movoc Evoetogh ga tfl Iohostry gaPrehspgrt eh` Zudcom [grns.

Pfos pucvlrozetogh ga tfl ohstotutoghec strumturl wfomf,ectfgukf arekocl, lxostl` oh tfl iltlgrgcgkomec erle, wes

fokfcy prlbuòmoec tg tfl lvgcutogh ga tfl slmtgr eh` lvlhmrletl` rlvlrsls oh sgil ga tfl lercolr emfolvlilhts.@urohk tfl agur ylers ùrohk wfomf tfl Ohstotutl gaIltlgrgcgky wes sudgròhetl tg tfl Iohostry ga Prehspgrteh` Zudcom [grns, ecc tfl rlkucer pudcometoghs mrletlèh` ieohteohl` dy tfl Iltlgrgcgkomec Eìohostretoghwlrl lotflr lxtohkuosfl` gr susplh`l`. Ghcy tfl wletflrmferts wlrl mghtohul`, ecdlot orrlkucercy, tgkltflr wotf tfliltlg-ekreroeh duccltohs.

Pfl pertomopetogh ga Drezoc oh tfl ]lmgh` OhtlrhetoghecZgcer _ler (5?=4-5?==), wfomf ohvgcvl` e iohoiui ga

lxplhsl oh volw ga tfl oipgrtehml ga tfl lvlht, wes e aeocurldlmeusl tfl Drezocoeh Kgvlrhilht wes hgt òspgsl` tgohvlst tfl hlmlssery auh`s. Pfl ]lmgh` Zgcer _ler ohvgcvl`stuòls ga ecc gdslrvetoghs argi tfl pgcer rlkoghs, mepedclga oiprgvohk wletflr agrlmestohk agr trevlc dy eor, ceh` eh`sle. Agrty agur hetoghs pertomopetl` eh` e vest quehtotyga ète wes mgcclmtl`. E [grc` ète mlhtlr wes mrletlùh`lr tfl òrlmtogh ga tfl Ohtlrhetoghec IltlgrgcgkomecGrkehozetogh.

Zere`gxomeccy, ghl meh hgtl e sokhostmeht ohmrlesl ohohòvoùec rlslermf oh iltlgrgcgky, stertohk oh tfl io`-

tfortols. Pwg heils steh` gut urohk tfos plrog` oh dy vortulga tfl wgrn tfly merrol` gut `lsmrodohk tfl etigspflrommormucetogh oh Drezoc eh` ]gutf Eilrome. Pflsl wlrl tfl

G lhklhflorg l iltlgrgcgkoste Eècdlrtg ]lrre.Agtg2 Emlrvg Bucoehg ]lrre

Lhkohllr eh` iltlgrgcgkost Eècdlrtg ]lrre.


53/120


54/120


55/120 deh`lore ezuc tlipg eilee-`gr> ffliuce prlte pgr moie gu pgr deoxg `l meè ui`gs ig`lcgs emoie, ohòmeve tliplreture li esmlhsggu `lmchog rlsplmtoveilhtl. Fevoe teidi e deh`lore

drehme mgi g mlhtrg vlrilcfg l drehmg, gu g mlhtrgprltg, pere ohòmeg `l agrtl esmlhsg gu agrtl `lmchogè tliplreture.

rlspghsodcl agr tfl Ohstotutl ga Iltlgrgcgky, wes hgiohetl`tg tenl gvlr tfl òrlmtogh ga tfl Iltlgrgcgkomec ]lrvoml.

]gil ightfs dlagrl tfos ohstotutoghec mfehkl, tflfle`quertlrs ga tfl Ohstotutl ga Iltlgrgcgky oh tflGdslrvetgry Pgwlr stertl` tg dl `ligcosfl` tg ienl weyagr tfl mghstrumtogh ga e hlw evlhul. Gh Gmtgdlr =, 5?=6,tfl hlwspeplr, @orog è Hgotl (Hokft @oery) pudcosfl`

eh ertomcl lhtotcl` Dot dy dot tfl iltlgrgcgkomec slrvomlstgwlr os vehosfohk, tecnohk edgut tfl `ligcotogh ga tflduocòhk eh` qulstoghohk tfl stetl ga tfl ohstruilhts oh ot.Oh eh ohtlrvolw wotf tfl peplr, Prebehg Tlos, òrlmtgr ga Movoc

Evoetogh (@EM) et tfl toil, tg wfomf tfl Ohstotutl wes stoccsudgròhetl`, kuerehtll` tfet tfl ohstruilhts wguc` dl

prgtlmtl` eh` tfet tfl Ohstotutl ga Iltlgrgcgky wguc` dltrehsalrrl` tg e hlw cgmetogh oh tfl hler auturl.

Oh aemt, oh 5?0:, tfl fle`quertlrs ga tfl Iltlgrgcgkomec]lrvoml wlrl trehsalrrl` tg tfl dcul eh` wfotl wletflr uhstedcl (wotf grwotfgut reoh)> dcul fflek tfrletlhohk reoh2 dcemn plhhehtedgvl gr dlcgw tfl ieoh fflek ohòmetl` rosohk gr aeccohk

tliplreturl rlsplmtovlcy. Pflrl wes ecsg e wfotl fflek wotf erl` eh` wfotl mlhtlr, gr e dcemn mlhtlr, tg ohòmetl e strghkrosl gr aecc oh tfl tliplreturl.

Lhklhflorg l iltlgrgcgkoste Arehmosmg Vevolr Tg`rokuls `l ]guzehgile`g pere essuior e òrlg `g ]lrvog `l Iltlgrgcgkoe,mroe`g li 4= `l `lzlidrg `l 5?=6 li sudstotuog eg Ohstotutg `lIltlgrgcgkoe.Agtg2 Tlprgùg OHILP

Lhkohllr eh` iltlgrgcgkost Arehmosmg Vevolr Tg`rokuls `l ]guzehgiohetl` tg tenl gvlr tfl òrlmtogh ga tfl Iltlgrgcgkomec ]lrvoml,mrletl` oh @lmlidlr, 5?=6, sudstotutohk tfl Ohstotutl ga Iltlgrgcgky.


56/120 0 - Iohes Klreos> 1 -Zlrheidumg> ; - Zer> l 6 Ietg Krgssg.

Mgi g ]lrvog `l Iltlgrgcgkoe uhostme`g, g òrltgrArehmosmg Vevolr Tg`rokuls `l ]guze iehtlvl-sl arlh-tl è ohstotuog et g slu aeclmoilhtg, li 5? `l buhfg`l 5? 0tf Iohes Klreos> 1tf Zlrheidumg> ;tf Zer> 6tf Ietg Krgssg.

[otf tfl Iltlgrgcgkomec ]lrvoml uhostl` tfl òrlmtgr,Arehmosmg Vevolr Tg`rokuls `l ]guze, steyl` es fle` ga tflohstotutogh uhtoc fos `letf gh Buhl 5?, 5?


57/120


58/120


59/120

E Agrieg `l Iltlgrgcgkostes

l e Tlvgcug Lcltrhome

Pfl Preohohk ga Iltlgrgcgkosts

eh` tfl Lclmtrghoms Tlvgcutogh

Meptucg 0

Mfeptlr 0


60/1201:



E Agrieg l Iltlgrgcgkostes l e Tlvgcug Lcltrhome

Pfl Preohohk ga Iltlgrgcgkosts eh tfl Lclmtrghoms Tlvgcutogh

Es plrsplmtoves qul sl eprlslhtei sg tg ieos drocfehtls, quehtg ieos rlmghflmoè

pgr tg`g iuh`g e auhg e iltlgrgcgkoe li tgès es els fuiehes.Pfl prgsplmts erl drokftlr oh prgpgrtogh tg tfl rlmgkhotogh dy lvlrydg`y ga tfl rgcl gailtlgrgcgky oh ecc fuieh emtovotols.

(Eh`r Qoeut, GII)

Eckuhs ehgs eps e cghke klstg `l Arehmosmg VevolrTg`rokuls `l ]guze arlhtl `g ]lrvog `l Iltlgrgcgkoe,e Grkehozeg Iltlgrgckome Iuhòec (GII), qul li5?


61/12015

E Agrieg `l Iltlgrgcgkostes l e Tlvgcug Lcltrhome

Pfl Preohohk ga Iltlgrgcgkosts eh` tfl Lclmtrghoms Tlvgcutogh

qul sl eprlslhtei egs iltlgrgcgkostes sg tg ieosdrocfehtls, quehtg ieos rlmghflmoè pgr tg`g iuh`ge auhg è iltlgrgcgkoe li tgès es els fuiehes.G @lmhog ès Hels \hoès pere g @lslhvgcvoilhtg

Lmghiomg l ]gmoec, essoi lsplrg, `lvlr eìotor lssevlrè`l sgdrltu`g plces eutgroè`ls kgvlrheilhteosqul eohè ti `voès e lssl rlsplotg.

Hlstl mghtlxtg e Grkehozeg Iltlgrgckome Iuh-òec, li pclhe lxpehsg, meè òe ieos ohòsplhsvlcpere rlecozer es terlaes prlvostes li sue Mghvlhg l, ls-plmoecilhtl, pere aemocoter e mggplreg iuhòec oiprls-moh`vlc lhtrl gs ]lrvogs Iltlgrgckomgs, agilhter esepcomels e iltlgrgcgkoe s ovlrses etovoè`ls fuie-hes l prgigvlr e plsquose l g lhsohg è iltlgrgcgkoe.

@ls`l equlce pgme, es `ltlriohels è GII

b tohfei rlffllxgs òrltgs l quesl oilòetgs hes etovo-è`ls iltlgrgckomes `l tg`g g iuh`g. Hg Dresoc, equlstg `g lhsohg è iltlgrgcgkoe mgile e sl ls-truturer e pertor `g sthec è `meè `l 5?


62/12014



Li buhfg `l 5?eh` Cus Destg Coie, wfg steyl` agr twg ylers (Eproc, 5?14

tg Iey 5?10).@lspotl tfl ohstotutoghec ohstedocoty ga tfos plrog`, eh

oipgrteht lvlht iernl` tfl stert ga tfl lxpehsogh ga tflkrgup ga kreùetl iltlgrgcgkosts oh Drezoc. Pfos wes tflstert ga tfl Meipeokh agr tfl Agrietogh ga Iltlgrgcgkosts,MEIL, oipcehtl` dy tfl Fokflr Lùmetogh Eìohostretogh gatfl Iohostry ga Lùmetogh eh` Mucturl, ùrohk tfl BusmlcohgNudotsmfln kgvlrhilht.

Pfl iltlgrgcgkost, Qlre Iecae Zlrlore eh` tfl wrotlr Ecmor]poherò, eutfgrs ga Iligrols ga tfl [letflr (4::=), rlcetloh tflor dggn tfl ohotoec stlps wfomf cl` tg tfl mrletogh ga tfl

strst uh`lrkreùetl clvlc mgursl oh iltlgrgcgky oh Drezoc.Oh 5?14, wotf tfl rlgrkehozetogh ga tfl Iohostry ga

Ekromucturl, tfl Iltlgrgcgkomec ]lrvoml wes ecsg rlgrkehozl`.Pfl lxlmutovl mrletl`, oh tfl seil yler oh tfl Iohostry, tflAl`lrec Auh` agr Aeriohk, wotf auh`s argi verogus sgurmls,ieohcy argi =% ga tfl tex rlvlhul ga tfl Mguhtry. Ehekrllilht sokhl` oh 5?1=, dy tfl pertols ohvgcvl`, ecrle`yùrohk tfl kgvlrhilht ga Bgg Kgucert, lstedcosfl` tfl

pereiltlrs eh` tfl murromucui tg dl e`gptl` dy tfl mgursl,suppgrtl` wotf rlsgurmls argi tfl Auh`. Et tfl ceuhmf gatfl ekrllilht, es motl` dy Iecae Zlrlore eh` ]poherò, tfgsl

rlspghsodcl agr tfl hlw mgursl spgnl2Pfl Meipeokh agr tfl Agrietogh ga Iltlgrgcgkosts, ohtfos emt rlprlslhtl` dy tfl òrlmtgr ga Fokflr Lùmetogh ga


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Cloture `l mertes iltlgrgckomes.Agtg2 OHILP

Tleòhk iltlgrgcgkomec mferts.

e slr e`gte`g plcg mursg, prgigvo`g mgi rlmursgs `gAuh`g. He edlrture `g emgr`g, mote`g pgr Iecae Zlrlorel ]poherò, iehoalstei-sl es ohstotuols rlspghsvlosplce edlrture `g hgvg mursg2

E Meipehfe `l Agrieg `l Iltlgrgcgkostes, hls-tl etg rlprlslhteè plcg òrltgr `l Lhsohg ]uplrogr `gIohostrog è Lùmeg l Mucture, prgalssgr @urilvecProkulorg Ilh`ls, èquo pgr òehtl `lsokheè MEIL, le Aemucè`l Hemoghec `l Aocgsgste, Mohmoes l Cltres è\hovlrsoè`l `g Dresoc, rlprlslhteè plcg slu òrltgr,prgalssgr Bgs `l Aeroe Kls ]gdrohfg, èquo pgr òehtl`lsokheè Aemucè`l, l g Mlhtrg Dresoclorg `l ZlsquosesAsomes (MDZA), rlprlslhte`g plcg slu voml-prlso`lhtlli lxlrmmog, `r. Ecior `l Mestrg, ehuli li essoher gprlslhtl emgr`g, `lstohe`g e iehtlr ui mursg `l il-

tlgrgcgkoe, dli mgig ohmlhtover g eplralogeilhtg l eòausg è mohmoe iltlgrgckome.

G mursg mgi ùreg `l quetrg ehgs l `lstohe`g agrieg `l demferos li iltlgrgcgkoe, auhmogheroehg @lperteilhtg `l Asome è Aemucè`l> e MEIL lrerlspghsvlc plcg agrhlmoilhtg è vlrde al`lrec `lsto-heè iehutlhg `g mursg, ohmcusovl pere dgcses `llstu`gs> l g MDZA mgcgmeroe òspgsog `g mursg `liltlgrgcgkoe e sue dodcogtlme, cedgretrogs l `lieos ohs-tecels pere e rlecozeg `l euces, plsquoses l gutres

tfl Iohostry ga Lùmetogh eh` Mucturl, Zrgalssgr @urilvecProkulorg Ilh`ls, argi hgw gh tg dl meccl` MEIL, eh` tflHetoghec Aemucty ga Zfocgsgpfy, ]molhmls eh` Clttlrs ga tfl\hovlrsoty ga Drezoc, rlprlslhtl` dy ots òrlmtgr, Zrgalssgr Bgs

`l Aeroe Kls ]gdrohfg, argi hgw gh tg dl rlalrrl` tg estfl Aemucty, eh` tfl Drezocoeh Mlhtlr agr Tlslermf oh Zfysoms(MDZA), rlprlslhtl` dy ots emtohk voml-prlso`lht, @r. Ecior lMestrg, epprgvl oh ots sokhohk tfl prlslht ekrllilht, eoilèt ieohteohohk e iltlgrgcgky mgursl, eh` lhmgurekohk tfl

plralmtogh eh` òusogh ga iltlgrgcgkomec smolhml.Pfl agur-yler mgursl, eoil` et agriohk Demflcgrs oh

Iltlgrgcgky, wes tg auhmtogh oh tfl Zfysoms @lpertilht gatfl Aemucty> MEIL wes rlspghsodcl agr prgvoòhk tfl al`lrecauh`s tg ieohteoh tfl mgursl, ohmcuòhk smfgcersfops, eh`tfl MDZA wes tg put ots cedgretgrols, codrery eh` gtflr

ohsteccetoghs et tfl òspgsec ga tfl iltlgrgcgky mgursl,wotf tfl eoi ga ienohk pgssodcl mcessls, rlslermf eh`gtflr emtovotols ga mgiigh ohtlrlst. Pfl strst mcess wes tgstert tfl mgursl oh 5?10. \p uhtoc tfos pgoht tfl heil ga tflIltlgrgcgkomec ]lrvoml ò` hgt eppler oh tfl ekrllilht.Dut pgcotomec lvlhts eh` kgg` cumn, wfomf cl` e hlw orlmtgrtg tenl gvlr tfl Iltlgrgcgkomec ]lrvoml, sgilwfet mfehkl`tfl mgursl ohtlh`l` oh tfl ekrllilht.

Pfl agccgwohk os wgrtf tlccohk oh `lteoc dlmeusl ga tfluhlxplmtl` wey oh wfomf lvlhts gmmurrl`. Oh Eproc 5?10, wotf


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etovoè`ls `l ohtlrlssl mgiui. E proilore turie `lvl-roe oheukurer g mursg li 5?10. G hgil `g ]lrvog `lIltlgrgcgkoe, et lhtg, hg eperlmoe hg emgr`g. Iesemghtlmoilhtgs pgctomgs l g emesg agrtuotg, qul clvgu

ui hgvg òrltgr e essuior g ]lrvog `l Iltlgrgcgkoe,iuèrei ui pgumg gs ruigs prlvostgs plcg emgr`g.

Lsse pessekli ilrlml slr rlceteè mgi eckuhs `l-tecfls, plce agrie ohusoteè li qul gs aetgs emghtlml-rei. Li edroc `l 5?10, b mgi g rlkoil iocoter rlmi-lstedlclmo`g hg Dresoc, g prgalssgr Blsus Ier`lh `gs]ehtgs, qul fevoe emede`g `l mflker è Ohkcetlrre mgiui ttucg `l ps-`gutgre`g gutgrke`g plcg MghslcfgDrothomg, iohostreve euces hg @lperteilhtg `l Asome lIltlgrgcgkoe è Lsmgce ]uplrogr `l Ekromucture Cuoz `lUulorgz (L]ECU \]Z), li Zoremomede, ohtlrogr `l ]gZeucg. Cgkg he proilore euce, ui ecuhg plrkuhtgu-cfl

edrupteilhtl2 - Zrgalssgr, g slhfgr qulr slr òrltgr èIltlgrgcgkoe Hemoghec7 E plrkuhte surprllh`lu egprgalssgr qul, mgi ui iostg `l orghoe l ohmrlùcoè`l,òssl qul mlrteilhtl emloteroe g merkg, qul lre g ieosectg he rle, ies qulstoghgu g ecuhg sgdrl mgig pg`l-roe lcl galrlmlr-cfl g merkg, eg qul g repez rlspgh`lu2Ilu peo, Gsmer Pfgipsgh Acgrls, ago hgile`g ghtliplcg Kgvlrhg pere slr g iohostrg è Ekromucture. Lcl ilplòu pere ohòmer eckui prgalssgr, lhtg sl g slhfgrplriotor, vgu aecer mgi lcl.

Ier`lh emlotgu g lsestg. Li pgumgs oes, g prgalssgr

`l Zoremomede lsteve he Zree VQ, he sl`l `g Iohostrogè Ekromucture, gh`l ago rlmldo`g plcg prprog iohostrgPfgipsgh Acgrls. Eps uie drlvl mghvlrse, g iohostrgclvgu-g pere g mflal `l Kedohltl, qul g emgipehfguet g lòamog è Mee l Zlsme (hgil è`g eg ilsigpròg gh`l stmeve g Lhtrlpgstg Al`lrec è Zlsme) l c`loxgu-g s pere essuior, sli hlhfuie mlroihoe, gmerkg `l òrltgr `g ]lrvog `l Iltlgrgcgkoe. Ier`lh rl-clidre equlcl igilhtg mghstrehkl`gr l ohscotg2

Mflkulo l aeclo cgkg mgi g slmrltrog `g òrltgr CusDestg Coie, qul lu lsteve c pere essuior g merkg `lcl. Gòrltgr gcfgu-il l, sli ozlr uie pecevre, mgcgmgu g pe-

clt l ago-sl lidgre. Essuio g merkg essoi, sli pepos,sli heè agriec. Ier`lh mghte qul sue kreh`l sgrtl agomghflmlr g Cleh`rg Tetosdghhe, qul lre ehtokg hg ]lr-

]gclhoè`l `l oheukureg è sece ]eipeog Alrrezhg pròg è Mee l Zlsme, sl`l `g lhtg ]lrvog `lIltlgrgcgkoe. òrlote, Blsus Ier`lh `gs ]ehtgs c ui tlxtg

`l ]eipeog Alrrez pere ecuhgs l perlhtls mgig fgilheklieg iltlgrgcgkoste.Agtg2 OHILP

Agriec oheukuretogh ga tfl ]eipeog Alrrez fecc oh tfl Fuhtohkeh` Aosflrols Duocòhk, fle`quertlrs ga tfl Iltlgrgcgkomec]lrvoml et tfl toil. Gh tfl rokft, Blsus Ier`lh `gs ]ehtgs rle`se tlxt dy ]eipeog Alrrez tg stu`lhts eh` rlcetovls oh trodutl tgtfl iltlgrgcgkost.

tfl iocotery rlkoil rlmlhtcy lstedcosfl` oh Drezoc, ZrgalssgrBlsus Ier lh `gs ]ehtgs, wfg fe` bust errovl` argi Lhkceh`,wflrl fl fe` dllh lhkekl` oh pgst-`gmtgrec stuòls uh`lrtfl euspomls ga tfl Drotosf Mguhmoc, teukft mcessls oh tfl@lpertilht ga Zfysoms eh` Iltlgrgcgky ga tfl ]uplrogr ]mfggcga Ekromucturl Cuoz `l Uulrgz (L]ECU \]Z), oh Zoremomede,ohtlrogr ga ]g Zeucg. Tokft oh tfl strst mcess e stu`lht edruptcyesnl` foi2 - Zrgalssgr, wguc` ygu conl tg dl orlmtgr ga DrezocoehIltlgrgcgky7 Pfl qulstogh surprosl` tfl Zrgalssgr wfg, wotf eioxturl ga orghy eh` ohmrlòdocoty, seo` tfet fl wguc` mlrteohcy

emmlpt tfl pgsotogh, wfomf wes tfl fokflst oh tfl erle, dutesnl` tfl stu`lht fgw fl mguc` glr foi tfl pgst, tg wfomftfl stu`lht rlpcol`2 Iy aetflr, Gsmer Pfgipsgh Acgrls, weshgiohetl` ylstlrèy dy tfl kgvlrhilht tg dl Iohostlrga Ekromucturl. Fl esnl` il tg sukklst tfl heil ga sgilZrgalssgr, sg oa ygu `ght ioh`, O wocc splen tg foi.

Ier`lh emmlptl` tfl mfecclhkl. [otfoh e alw èystfl Zrgalssgr wes oh tfl Zree 5


65/1201 e oipclilhteg `l uie rl`l dsome `llstels `l gdslrveg l `l tlclmgiuhomels, mgi gusg `l oieklhs `l setcotls> l g mrlsmoilhtg è pertomo-

peg dresoclore hes etovoè`ls è Grkehozeg Iltlgrg-ckome Iuhòec.

Fguvl teidi ùes iuèhes hg hgil è ohsto-tuog, `lvo`g e ectlrels he lstruture `g Iohostrog èEkromucture. E proilore ago li 1 `l ieog l 5?;5, queh`gpessgu e `lhgioher-sl @lperteilhtg `l Iltlgrgcgkoe(@LILP), l e gutre gmgrrl li 46 `l hgvlidrg `l 5?;;,queh`g e ohstotuog kehfe eutghgioe eìohostretovel sthehmlore, l rlmldl g hgil `l Ohstotutg Hemoghec `lIltlgrgcgkoe mgi e sokce OHLILP.

Li 5?16, pgr ilog `l rlmursgs ecgme`gs hg ]lrvog

`l Iltlgrgcgkoe l grouh`gs è Ekhmoe `gs Lste`gs\ho`gs pere g @lslhvgcvoilhtg Ohtlrhemoghec (\]EO@),ago ohomoe`g ui pcehg dsomg l lilrklhtl `l lxpehsgè rl`l mcoietgckome hg Dresoc, mgi e ohsteceg `l46= lstels mcoietgckomes prohmopeos l 46? lstelsgròhroes. Peidi li 5?16 ago ohsteceè uie lstegrestrle`gre `l setcotls iltlgrgckomgs he Kuehedere.Gutres lstels `g khlrg agrei ohsteceès pgstlrogr-ilhtl li Drescoe (5?;5), li ]g Zeucg l Zgrtg Eclkrl,lsses ùes ctoies li 5?;=. Gutre hgvoè`l tlmhgcko-me ùrehtl e òrlg `l Qlhlreh`g Zlrlore, ago e oipceh-

teg `g slrvog `l iomrgstciekli `g erquovg tmhomg`l gdslrvels iltlgrgckomes, li seces mgi tliplre-ture l uioè`l mghtrgceès.

Mlhtrg Tlkoghec `lPlclmgiuhomels`l Drescoe Mlhtrec`l Prehsiossg.]ltlidrg `l 5?;;.Agtg2 OHILP

TlkoghecPlclmgiiuhometoghsMlhtlr ga Drescoe Prehsiossogh Mlhtlr.]lptlidlr, 5?;;.

tfl iohostlr ga Ekromucturl, agur ùrohk tfl kgvlrhilhtga Mestlcg Drehmg, eh` ghl ùrohk tfet ga Iersfec Mgstel ]ocve. @urohk tfl eìohostretogh ga tfl slmgh` iohostlrga Ekromucturl ga tfl Mestlcg Drehmg kgvlrhilht, tflekrghgiost, Fukg `l Eciloè Clil, stertl` tfl wgrn gatrehsalrrohk tfl fle`quertlrs ga tfl Iltlgrgcgkomec ]lrvomltg Dresocoe, dltwllh Buhl 5?10 eh` Hgvlidlr 5?1 tfloipclilhtetogh ga e desom hltwgrn ga gdslrvohk stetoghstgkltflr wotf tlclmgiiuhometoghs eh` tfl usl ga setlccotl

oiekls> eh` tfl krgwohk pertomopetogh oh tfl emtovotols gatfl [grc` Iltlgrgcgkomec Grkehozetogh.

Pflrl wlrl ecsg twg mfehkls oh tfl heil ga tflohstotutogh, gwohk tg ectlretoghs oh tfl strumturl ga tfl Iohostryga Ekromucturl. Pfl strst wes gh Iey 1, 5?;5, wflh ot dlmeiltfl @lpertilht ga Iltlgrgcgky (@LILP), eh` tfl slmgh`wes gh Hgvlidlr 46, 5?;;, wflh tfl ohstotutogh keohlèìohostretovl eh` sthehmoec eutghgiy uh`lr tfl heil gaHetoghec Ohstotutl ga Iltlgrgcgky, wotf tfl emrghyi OHLILP.

Oh 5?16, voe rlsgurmls eccgmetl` tg tfl Iltlgrgcgkomec]lrvoml eh` grokohetohk oh tfl \hotl` ]tetls Eklhmy agr

Ohtlrhetoghec @lvlcgpilht (\]EO@), e desom pceh agrlxpehsogh ga tfl Drezocoeh mcoietgcgkomec hltwgrn wesstertl`, wotf tfl ohsteccetogh ga 46= proiery mcoietgcgkomec


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Gutrg esplmtg `lsteme`g hlssl plrg`g ago g euilh-tg è pertomopeg dresoclore hes els è GII. G lh-klhflorg dresoclorg Bgs `l Eroietle, qul etuecilhtl òrltgr `g ]ostlie `l Ohagrieg è GII, li Klhldre,he ]ue, tredecfgu mgi g mlc. Qlhlreh`g he sl`l liDrescoe, lhtrl 5?;= l 5?;?. Eroietle aece sgdrl e prlslh-e `g Dresoc he GII hequlce pgme2 G mlc. Qlhlreh`glre iuotg rlsplote`g he GII l iehtohfe uie rlcegscoè mgi gs `lieos òrltgrls `gs ]lrvogs Iltlgrgc-komgs è Eirome `g ]uc, qul g lclklrei uhehoililh-tl prlso`lhtl è Essgmoeg Tlkoghec Plrmlore è GII.Lcl muoève `l iehtlr e rlprlslhtetovoè`l `g Dresoc hesmgiossls tmhomes è GII.

Bgs `l Eroietle tredecfgu he ohsteceg ès proilo-res lstels `l rlmlpg `l setcotls iltlgrgckomgsplcg OHLILP l he oipcehteg è rl`l dsome `l lste-ls `l gdslrveg l tlclmgiuhomels, qul ohmcueigs mormuotgs ohtlrhemogheos mgi [esfohktgh, Dulhgs Eo-rls l Ieremeodg, he Qlhlzulce.

G òrltgr `g ]lrvog `l Iltlgrgcgkoe he pgme, Tgdlrtg Qlhlreh`g Zlrlore,oheukure e lsteg mcoietgckome `l @oeiehtohe (IK), li 55`l ierg `l 5?;4.Agtg2 OHILP

Pfl òrlmtgr ga tfl Iltlgrgcgkomec ]lrvoml ga tfl toil, Tgdlrtg Qlhlreh`g Zlrlore,oheukuretls tfl mcoietgcgkomec stetogh ga @oeiehtohe (IK), gh Iermf 55, 5?;4.

stetoghs eh` 46? gròhery ghls. Ecsg ohsteccl` oh 5?16 wese setlccotl tremnohk stetogh agr iltlgrgcgkomec setlccotls ohKuehedere. Gtflr stetoghs ga tfos sgrt wlrl sudslqulhtcyohsteccl` oh Dresocoe (5?;5), oh ]g Zeucg eh` Zgrtg Eclkrl,oh 5?;=. Ehgtflr tlmfhgcgkomec hgvlcty ùrohk tfleìohostretogh ga Qlhlreh`g Zlrlore wes tfl oipcehtetoghga e iomrgstci slrvoml agr tfl tlmfhomec ermfovls gailtlgrgcgkomec gdslrvetoghs, oh mcoietl-mghtrgccl` rggis.

Ehgtflr oipgrteht esplmt ga tfos plrog` wes tflohmrlesl` pertomopetogh ga Drezoc oh tfl emtovotols ga tfl [IG.Pfl Drezocoeh iltlgrgcgkost, Bgs `l Eroietle wfg, et tfl

prlslht toil os òrlmtgr ga ohagrietogh systlis et tfl [IGoh Klhlve, ]wotzlrceh`, wgrnl` wotf Mgcghlc Qlhlreh`get tfl fle`quertlrs oh Dresocoe, dltwllh 5?;= eh` 5?;?.

Eroietle splens ga tfl Drezocoeh prlslhml oh tfl [IG ettfet toil2 Mgcghlc Qlhlhlreh`g wes krletcy rlsplmtlèt tfl [IG eh` fe` e sgco` rlcetoghsfop wotf tfl gtflròrlmtgrs ga ]gutf Eilromeh Iltlgrgcgkomec ]lrvomls, wfglclmtl` foi uhehoiguscy es prlso`lht ga tfl Pfor` Tlkoghec


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Mgi e hgve sl`l ohsteceè li Drescoe, lssl plrg`g`l lalrvlsmhmoe tlmhgckome pgssodocotgu e rlecozeg `lgutrgs evehgs oipgrtehtls, lhtrl gs queos sl `lstemei2- Oipcehteg `l 556 lstels `l suplramol pcehlbe-

ès pere mghstotuor e Tl`l `l Qokochmoe Iltlgrgcko-me Iuhòec, ohtlkreè pgr tg`gs gs pesls ilidrgsè GII.

- Oipclilhteg è Tl`l `l Plclmgiuhomels, gpl-remoghecozeè li ui Mlhtrg Tlkoghec, mohmg MlhtrgsMgcltgrls, hgvl Mlhtrgs ]udmgcltgrls l lstelsiltlgrgckomes prohmopeos. G Mlhtrg Tlkoghec `lPlclmgiuhomels (MTP ), li Drescoe, ago coke`g ò-rlteilhtl mgi g Mlhtrg Iltlgrgckomg Iuhòec `l[esfohktgh.

- Oipcehteg `l ui dehmg `l è`gs iltlgrgcko-

mgs pgr ilog `l ui mghvhog strie`g mgi g OHZL( pgme Ohstotutg `l Zlsquoses Lspemoeos), qul sl lh-merrlkgu `l trehsalror pere sttes iekhtomes gs è`gsrlalrlhtls prgùg mcoietgckome rlecozeè lhtrl5?15 l 5?;:.Lidgre agssl cguvvlc tg`g lssl lsagrg pere `gter g

Zes `l uie rl`l `l lstels iltlgrgckomes l `l tlcl-mgiuhomels, eci `l lstels restrle`gres `l setco-tls iltlgrgckomgs, eohè lre pgumg pere edrehklr tg`gg tlrrotrog dresoclorg.

Li 5< `l ierg `l 5?;?, g mgrghlc è Elrghutome

Mcg`gior Zeòcfe Ecvls è ]ocve hgile`g pere essuiore òrlg `g OHLILP, li sudstotuog eg mlc. Qlhlreh`gZlrlore. E hgileg ago ui `gs proilorgs etgs `g iohos-trg è Ekromucture Ehthog @lcsti Hlttg, qul ùrehtl gkgvlrhg `g klhlrec Bgg Deptoste Aokulorl`g, essuioupgr ui murtg plrg`g (5< `l ierg e 5< `l ekgstg `l5?;?) e peste è Ekromucture. G mlc. Zeòcfe tohfe uiedge agrieg li iltlgrgcgkoe, mgi mursgs rlecoze`gshg Dresoc l Lste`gs \ho`gs, l lxplrohmoe `l ieos `l=: ehgs li etovoè`ls iltlgrgckomes è Elrghutome,lxlrmoès li vrogs pghtgs `g Zes.

Eplser `l tg`g g liplhfg `l slus ehtlmlssgrls, lclrlclidre gs prgdclies qul `lvlroe lharlhter eg essuiore òrlg `g OHLILP. Lu b lsteve molhtl ès kreh`ls

Essgmoetogh ga tfl [IG. Fl tggn merl tg ieohteoh Drezocoehrlprlslhtetovls oh tfl tlmfhomec mgiiossoghs ga tfl [IG.

Bgs l Eroietle wgrnl` gh tfl ohsteccetogh ga OHLILPs strstiltlgrgcgkomec setlccotl rlmlptogh stetoghs eh` oh tfl ohsteccetogh

ga e desom hltwgrn ga gdslrvohk eh` tlclmgiiuhometoghsstetoghs, wfomf ohmcu`l` ohtlrhetoghec cohns wotf [esfohktgh,Dulhgs Eorls eh` Ieremeodg, oh Qlhlzulce.

[otf tfl ohsteccetogh ga tfl fle`quertlrs oh Dresocoe, tfosplrog` ga tlmfhgcgkomec llrvlsmlhml ie`l pgssodcl gtflroipgrteht e`vehmls, eighkst wfomf wl iey lipfesozl2- Ohsteccetogh ga 556 suraeml stetoghs pcehhl` tg mghstotutl

tfl [grc` Iltlgrgcgkomec Qokocehml Hltwgrn, wfomfohmcu`l` ecc ilidlr stetls ga tfl [IG.

- Oipclilhtetogh ga tfl Plclmgiiuhometoghs Hltwgrn,wotf e Tlkoghec Mlhtlr, stvl Mgcclmtogh Mlhtlrs, hohl

Mgcclmtogh ]ud-Mlhtlrs eh` prohmopec iltlgrgcgkomecstetoghs. Pfl Tlkoghec Plclmgiiuhometoghs Mlhtlr(MTP), oh Dresocoe, wes mghhlmtl` òrlmtcy tg tfl [grcÌltlgrgcgkomec Mlhtlr oh [esfohktgh.

- Ohsteccetogh ga e iltlgrgcgkomec ète dehn voe ehekrllilht wotf OHZL (et tfet toil tfl Ohstotutl ga ]pemlTlslermf), wfomf ekrll` tg trehsalr mcoietgcgkomec ètegdteohl` dltwllh 5?15 eh` 5?;5 tg iekhltom tepl.

Ectfgukf ecc tfos lgrt tg prgvo`l tfl Mguhtry wotf ehltwgrn ga iltlgrgcgkomec stetoghs, tlclmgiiuhometoghseh` setlccotl rlmlovohk stetoghs wes preoslwgrtfy, ot wes

ohsumolht tg mgvlr tfl wfgcl Drezocoeh ceh`-iess.Gh Iermf 5


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Auhmoghrog buhtg eg klre`gr `l lhlrkoe,lquopeilhtg hlmlssrog pere lvoter eohtlrrupg `l lhvog l rlmlpg `l è`gs.Mghtekli (Tlkog `l ]gdreòhfg - moè`lsetcotl `l Drescoe), `meè `l 5?6:.Agtg2 OHILP

Plmfhomoeh, sletl` dy tfl pgwlr klhlretgr

lsslhtoec tg evgo` pgwlr gutekls ùrohk tflslhòhk gr rlmlptogh ga ète. Mghtekli (Hler]gdreòhfg Dresocoe setlccotl moty), 5?6:s.

Mlhtrg Tlkoghec `l Plclmgiuhomels `lDrescoe Tlmlpg. ]ltlidrg `l 5?;;.Agtg2 OHILP

Tlkoghec Plclmgiiuhometoghs Mlhtlr gaDrescoe Tlmlptogh. ]lptlidlr, 5?;;.

]ltgr `l Tòg l Tlmlpg `l @e`gsIltlgrgckomgs. ]l`l `g OHILP, Drescoe.Agtg2 OHILP

Teòg eh` Iltlgrgcgkomec @ete Tlmlptogh

]lmtgr. OHILP Fle`quertlrs, Drescoe.


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òstmucè`ls, mgig e aecte `l iltlgrgcgkostes, li tg`gsgs hvlos, `l lquopeilhtgs l ohstruilhtgs ig`lrhgs

l, prohmopecilhtl, ui greilhtg ohsustmolhtl pere eetuecozeg `gs sostlies l ès rl`ls iltlgrgckomes,eci `gs mlhtrgs `l lstu`gs l prlvosg `l tlipg, l `lplsquoses mcoietgckomes tg hlmlssroes eg `lslhvgcvo-ilhtg lmghiomg l sgmoec `g Zes, rlcete Zeòcfe.

Aetgs hgtvlos emghtlmlrei ùrehtl e klstg `lZeòcfe, mgig e `lsthog è Zgctome l @orltrozls Klreospere g Lhsohg è Iltlgrgcgkoe hg Dresoc, `lsthoè plcgILM li `lzlidrg `l 5?;6> e rlkuceilhteg è prg-stssg `l iltlgrgcgkoste, plce Clo h 1.6= l e rlecozeg ès proilores lxplòls

dresoclores Ehtrtoè, mgi pertomopeg `l iltlgrgcg-kostes `g OHLILP, e pertor `l 5?60.

Eci `l uie ohtlhse igdocozeg pere pgssodocoterui euilhtg lxprlssovg `l iltlgrgcgkostes mgi agr-ieg lsplmstme, g OHLILP, sgd e òrlg `l Zeòcfe,mghtroduou mgi e galrte `l mursgs pere prgstssogheos `lgutrgs pesls. @urehtl e proilore ilte`l è `meè `l5?6:, iltlgrgcgkostes `l Ehkgce, Igeidoqul, Kuoh-Dosseu, Dgcvoe l Zerekueo, arlqlhterei mursgs l kreù-eg l lsplmoecozeg li aemucè`ls l mursgs hg Dresoc.

Zeòcfe teidi mghtohugu e ohtlhsostmer es rlcels

dresoclores mgi e GII, gh`l gmupgu ui `gs merkgs `lvoml-prlso`lhtl, b prxoig eg sthec l sue klstg hg OHL-ILP. He pgme, mgi e mgcedgreg `gs L\E l è Eclie-hfe, l pgr ilog `g Zrgkreie `l Mggplreg Qgcuhtroeè GII, agrei e`quoro`gs gs proilorgs mgipute`grlsutocoze`gs pere uhor gs mlhtrgs `l prgkhstomg l prlvosg`g tlipg `g Dresoc, mgi gs prohmopeos mlhtrgs `l tlclmg-iuhomels iuhòeos l rlkogheos l tg`gs gs pesls.

Li 5< `l ieog `l 5?6


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100 Anos de Meteorologia No Brasil

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