afixos
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Transcript of afixos
Afixos - O conhecimento de alguns afixos básicos facilita a apreensão de itens lexicais desconhecidos. Na palavra transformation, por exemplo, o leitor poderá encontrar:
TRANS + FORM + ATION prefixo radical sufixo
Prefixos - Os prefixos alteram o significado e não a função sintática das palavras. Entre os mais conhecidos encontram-se aqueles que apresentam significado oposto. A seguir apresentamos algumas tabelas com os prefixos distribuídos de acordo com seu significado.
Prefixos negativosPrefixos Significado Exemplos
un-
the opposite of
unfair in- insaneim- (before labials) improperil- (before /l/) illogicalir- (before /r/) irrelevantdis- dislike, disloyalnon- not non-smoker mis- wrongly misconducta lacking amoral
Prefixos reversativosPrefixo Significado Exemplos
un-reverter uma ação
unwrap, unpackde- decode, defrostdis- disconnect, disinfect
Prefixos pejorativosPrefixo Significado Exemplos
mis- wrongly miscalculatemal- badly maltreat, malfunctionpseudo- false, imitation pseudo-scientific, pseudo-
intellectual
Prefixos que indicam grau ou tamanhoPrefixo Significado Exemplos
over- too much overdressedunder- too little undercookmini- little mini-car, mini-skirthyper- extra specially hypersensitiveultra- beyond ultra-modernarch- supreme, highest, worst archduke, arch-enemy,
archbishopsuper- above, more than superman, supernaturalout- to do something better, outweigh, outrun
fastersur- over and above surchargesub- under, lower than subhuman, subnormal
Prefixos locativosPrefixo Significado Exemplos
inter- between, among internationalsuper- over, above superstructuretrans- across transatlantic sub- under subway
Prefixos que indicam tempo Prefixo Significado Exemplos
ante-pre-fore-
beforeantecedentpre-war, pre-schoolforetell
prime- first primarypost- after post-warex- former ex-president, ex-husbandre- again rebuild, re-evaluate
Prefixos que indicam quantidadePrefixo Significado Exemplos
mono-, uni- one monotheism, unilateralbi-, di- two bilingual, dipoletri- three tripartite, trident multi-, poly- many multi-racial, polysyllabic
Prefixos que indicam atitudePrefixo Significado Exemplos
pro- for, on the side of pro-American, pro-Communist
anti- against anti-social, anti-warco- together, with,
accompanyingcoexist, cooperate
counter- against, in opposition to counteract, counter-revolution
Outros prefixos Prefixo Significado Exemplos
auto- self autobiographyneo- new, revived neo-Gothicpan- all, world-wide pan-Africanproto- first, original proto-typesemi- half semicirclevice- substitute vice-president
A seguir apresentaremos os sufixos mais comuns:
Sufixos para a formação de substantivosSufixo Significado Exemplos
let, ette, y diminutive Booklet, cigarette, daddyess- feminine Actress, lionessful- a quantity contained in mouthful, spoonful-ist, -ast, -ian one who studies or applies to artist, enthusiast, musician-ance
action, state, quality, fact, condition, instance, relation
distance-ence independence-ness happiness, kindness-ion, -ation, -ition religion, action, definition-ment government, involvement-ity complexity-ism optimism-dom, -hood freedom, childhood-ship,ery friendship, nunnery-er, -or agent, doer, or one appointed
to actteacher, director
-al, -age, -ing the act of, the result of removal, drainage, learning
Sufixos para a formação de adjetivosSufixo Significado Exemplos
-al-ar-ic-ical-y-like
having the quality of, the appearance of, the aspect of
vital, mortallunarcomicelectricalgreasyboxlike
-able-ible
capable of being eatableillegible
-ous possessing a quality in a high degree
numerous-ful plentiful-less without careless
-ish describing nation, creed; possessing a quality in a
slight degree
English, Irish, childish
-ed possessing a quality of any kind
gifted, moneyed
-ive, ing conveying an active sense receptive, active, charmingsome provoking or causing tiresomeworthy deserving noteworthy
Sufixos para a formação de verbosSufixo Significado Exemplos
-ize/-ise-ify-en
causativepopularize, fertiliseterrify, beautifydarken, lengthen
Sufixos para a formação de advérbios Sufixo Significado Exemplos
-ly in a ... manner happily, strangely
Fonte : PINTO Abuendia Padilha. Ingles Instrumental. Recife: UFPE, 2007.