Apresentação_Literatura

8/8/2019 Apresentação_Literatura

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ENGLISH LITERATURE

ROMANTICISM

Karla DayannaKarla Dayanna - - Lucineide AraújoLucineide Araújo - - Renan CerveiraRenan Cerveira



ROMANTICISM IN EUROPE

In Germany is called "Sturm und Drang", so "passionand feeling".

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832).In France Romanticism was developed later than inother countries.

In England, Romanticism was preceded by a periodcalled Pre-Romanticism, while Romanticism wasdivided into 2 different periods: 1st and 2ndgeneration.



PRE-ROMANTICISM

Poetry in Pre-Romanticism had 3 main ideas:1. Introspection: where the poet reveals inner feelings

and emotions2. Sensibility: where the poet in particular shows the

passions created by love

3. Love for nature: where the poet is alone in thecountryside showing his feelings in contact withnature.



ROMANTICISM

Romantic period goes from the second half of theXVIII century to the first half of the X IX century, so

from George III to Queen Victoria.

H istorical events :

French RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

Agricultural Revolution



For literature, Romanticism was just opposite of the

Enlighment:

ENLIGHT ENMENT ROMANT ICISM

-there is a static vision of the world

-there is conservatism

-there is rationality

-there is uniformity of ideas

- the most important subjects arephysic and maths

-there is a dynamic vision of the world

-there is a revolution

-there are sentiments or feelings

-there is diversity of ideas

- the most important subjects arebiology and, later, genetics.



THE FIRST GENERATION OF

ROMANTIC POETS

William Blake, William Wordsworth and SamuelTaylor Coleridge

The most important concept is nature (Pantheism)

Sublime : Freedom in expression feelings.



THE SECOND GENERATION OF

ROMANTIC POETS

George Gordon Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley and JohnKeats.

Refusal of real world

Sometimes use of drugs.



PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY

(179 2 - 18 22 )



AUTHOR S LIFE

Percy Bysshe Shelley was born in 1792, into awealthy Sussex family

He was influenced by William GodwinThe Necessity of Atheism

He married Godwin s daughter, Mary Wollstonecraft,

the author of FrankesteinShelley belongs to the younger generation of EnglishRomantic poets (which also included John Keats andthe infamous Lord Byron)



ANALYSISOde to the west wind by Percy B . Shelley

O , W ILD West Wind, thou breath of Autumn's being, (A)

Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead (B)

Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing, (A)

Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red, (B)

Pestilence-stricken multitudes: O , thou, (C)

Who chariotest to their dark wintry bed (B)

The winged seeds, where they lie cold and low, (C)

Each like a corpse within its grave, until (D)

Thine azure sister of the spring shall blow (C)

Her clarion o'er the dreaming earth, and fill (D)

(Driving sweet buds like flocks to feed in air) (E)

With living hues and odours plain and hill: (D)

Wild Spirit, which art moving every where; (E)

Destroyer and preserver; hear, O , hear! (E)



Thou on whose stream, 'mid the steep sky's commotion,

Loose clouds like earth's decaying leaves are shed,

Shook from the tangled boughs of Heaven and O cean,

Angels of rain and lightning: there are spreadO n the blue surface of thine airy surge,

Like the bright hair uplifted from the head

O f some fierce Mænad, even from the dim vergeO f the horizon to the zenith's height

The locks of the approaching storm. Thou dirge

O f the dying year, to which this closing night

Will be the dome of a vast sepulchre,

Vaulted with all thy congregated might

O f vapours, from whose solid atmosphere

Black rain, and fire, and hail will burst: O , hear!



Thou who didst waken from his summer dreams

The blue Mediterranean, where he lay,

Lulled by the coil of his crystalline streams,

Beside a pumice isle in Baiæ's bay,

And saw in sleep old palaces and towers

Quivering within the wave's intenser day,

All overgrown with azure moss and flowers

So sweet, the sense faints picturing them!

Thou For whose path the Atlantic's level powers

Cleave themselves into chasms, while far below

The sea-blooms and the oozy woods which wear

The sapless foliage of the ocean, know

40 Thy voice, and suddenly grow grey with fear,

And tremble and despoil themselves: O , hear!



If I were a dead leaf thou mightest bear;If I were a swift cloud to fly with thee;

A wave to pant beneath thy power, and share

The impulse of thy strength, only less free

Than thou, O , uncontroulable! If evenI were as in my boyhood, and could be

The comrade of thy wanderings over heaven,As then, when to outstrip thy skiey speed

Scarce seemed a vision; I would ne'er have striven

As thus with thee in prayer in my sore need.

O ! lift me as a wave, a leaf, a cloud!I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!

A heavy weight of hours has chained and bowedO ne too like thee: tameless, and swift, and proud.



Make me thy lyre, even as the forest is:

What if my leaves are falling like its own!

The tumult of thy mighty harmonies

Will take from both a deep, autumnal tone,

Sweet though in sadness. Be thou, spirit fierce,

My spirit! Be thou me, impetuous one!

Drive my dead thoughts over the universe

Like withered leaves to quicken a new birth!

And, by the incantation of this verse,

Scatter, as from an unextinguished hearth

Ashes and sparks, my words among mankind!Be through my lips to unawakened earth

The trumpet of a prophecy! O , wind,If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?



F igures of speech

MetaphorSimile

Allusion



SHELLEY S STYLE

The central thematic concerns of Shelley s poetry arelargely the same themes that defined Romanticism,especially among the younger English poets of

Shelley s era: beauty, the passions, nature, politicalliberty, creativity, and the sanctity of the imagination.

Shelley s intense feelings about beauty andexpression are documented in poems such as O deto the West Wind and To a Skylark, in which heinvokes metaphors from nature to characterize hisrelationship to his art.



Shelley was able to believe thatpoetry makes people and societybetter; his poetry is suffused with this

kind of inspired moral optimism,which he hoped would affect hisreaders sensuously, spiritually, andmorally, all at the same time.



MAJOR THEMES

T he Power of Nature : Shelley discusses the power of both seen and unseen nature throughout his entirecanon.

Atheism : The theme of a godless universe cannot be

separated from Shelley s continuous reference to theinspiration he received from Nature.



Oppression/Injustice/ Tyranny/Power :Although Shelley expresses it in manydifferent ways, the idea of a majoritybeing unjustly ruled by an oppressivefew (with sometimes the few beingunjustly persecuted by the many) isperhaps the most common theme inShelley s work.

Revolution/Mutation/Change/Cycle :Given Shelley's general discontent, it isno surprise to see Shelley frequentlyconsidering the theme of change.



Inspiration : Shelley never stoppedbelieving in the changes that couldend all oppression in this world (in theWestern world in particular).

Narcissism/Vanity/Self : Argumentscan be made for either side of thecoin: O n the one hand, Shelley can beviewed as a selfish and adulterous

lover, an absentee father, and adisloyal countryman. O n the otherhand, he is a bard devoted to altruisticgoals and especially freedom.



Immortality vs . Mortality : Shelleydid not really challenge theapparently scientific proof of

mortality, but he did struggle withthe notion of death in spirit.



THANK YOU!!

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