Biorrefinarias: Máquinas de Produção de Energia e Armazenamento Geológico de Carbono
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Biorrefinarias: Máquinas de Produção de Energia e Armazenamento Geológico de Carbono Paulo Seleghim Jr. [email protected] Café com Física Café com Física IFSC/USP IFSC/USP
description
Café com Física IFSC /USP. Biorrefinarias: Máquinas de Produção de Energia e Armazenamento Geológico de Carbono. Paulo Seleghim Jr. [email protected]. The problem. Energy use by humankind. Power to sustain our life processes. 2500 cal/day. 2000 W. 120 W. 90 W. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Biorrefinarias: Máquinas de Produção de Energia e Armazenamento Geológico de Carbono
Biorrefinarias: Máquinas de Produção de Energia e Armazenamento Geológico de
CarbonoPaulo Seleghim Jr.
Café com FísicaCafé com FísicaIFSC/USPIFSC/USP
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Power to sustain our life processes
Power to support our lifestyle
2500 cal/day
120 W
90 W
2000 W
500 EJ/year
2300 W7 billion people
industry + agriculture (28% = )
transportation sector (27% )
services + residences (36% )
Energy use by humankind
Typical sugarcane millTypical sugarcane millNon-renewable Carbon based economy
CO2
energychemical compounds
petroleum
Typical sugarcane millTypical sugarcane millFossil carbon based economy
Typical sugarcane millTypical sugarcane millRenewable neutral carbon based economy
energybiochemical compounds
CO2
Typical sugarcane millTypical sugarcane millFossil carbon based economy
Typical sugarcane millTypical sugarcane millFossil carbon based economy
Already engenders tremendous socio-economic impacts on…
HUMAN CONDITION !
Typical sugarcane millTypical sugarcane millRenewable negative carbon based economy
energy - biochemical compounds
CO2
CO2
CO2
Typical sugarcane millTypical sugarcane millFossil carbon based economy
Typical sugarcane millTypical sugarcane millFossil carbon based economy
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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
frequency (%)
area (kha)
$
plantation external
limit (r)
filed operations cost ~ r3
economies of scale ~r2
viability limit
Typical sugarcane mill
state of São Paulo
Agriculture / Industry equilibrium
Typical sugarcane millAgro-Industrial Reference Unit – Processing Scales
30 kha500 tsc/h
lowerviability limit
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Agricultural production + Logistics + Industrial Processing
20 – 40 kha
sunlight water CO2
sugar(35 t/h)
ethanol(42 m3/h)
electricity(50 MW)
solids1-10 t/h
vinasse500 m3/h
CO2
2 t/h
harvesting500 t/h
field op.
water1000 t/h
nutrients (1 ton/h)
200 MUS$
Agro-Industrial Reference Unit – Processing Scales
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Carbon capture and storage
Fermentation: 2 tCO2/h
Bagasse and straw combustion: 89 tCO2/h
Potential CO2 capture for a reference sugarcane mill
Annual CO2 capture and storage by the sugarcane sector One mill: 0.43 MtCO2/year
Number of mills: 450 average proc. rate 500tsc/h
Annual CCS: 292 MtCO2/year
Annual CO2 Brazilian emissions
~ 400 MtCo2/year
dewatering
water
molasses
mechanicalprocessing
juiceextraction
cookingcrystallization
juicefermentation
sugarcentrifugation
winedistillation
boiler andturbines
sugar cane500 tc/h
ethanol43-76 m3/h
juice
bagasse150 t/h
sugar0-65 t/h
CO2
2 t/h
vinasse500 m3/h
electricity40-50 MW
straw
dewatering
dewatering
water
molasses
mechanicalprocessing
juiceextraction
cookingcrystallization
juicefermentation
sugarcentrifugation
winedistillation
boiler andturbines
sugar cane500 tc/h
ethanol43-76 m3/h
juice
bagasse
150 t/h
sugar0-65 t/h
fermentable sugars
bagassepre-treatment
cellulosehydrolization
NFFs
CO2
2 t/h
vinasse500 m3/h
electricity20-30 MW
bagasse150 t/h
straw
dewatering
dewatering
water
CO2
2 t/h
vinasse500 m3/h
molasses
mechanicalprocessing
juiceextraction
cookingcrystallization
juicefermentation
sugarcentrifugation
winedistillation
boiler andturbines
sugar cane500 tc/h
ethanol43-76 m3/h
juice
bagasse150 t/h
sugar0-65 t/h
fermentable sugars
bagassepre-treatment
cellulosehydrolization
NFFs
photo-bioreactor
extractionseparation
transes-terification
biodiesel /chemicals
broth
glycerin
nutrientsnutrients
waterwater
electricity10-20 MW
bagasse150 t/h
straw
chemicals
waterwater
dewatering
dewatering
water
CO2
2 t/h
vinasse500 m3/h
molasses
mechanicalprocessing
juiceextraction
cookingcrystallization
juicefermentation
sugarcentrifugation
winedistillation
boiler andturbines
sugar cane500 tc/h
ethanol43-76 m3/h
juice
bagasse150 t/h
sugar0-65 t/h
fermentable sugars
bagassepre-treatment
cellulosehydrolization
NFFs
anaerobic digestion
electricity10-20 MW
bagasse150 t/h
straw
methane
nutrientsnutrients
dewatering
dewatering
water
CO2
2 t/h
vinasse500 m3/h
molasses
mechanicalprocessing
juiceextraction
cookingcrystallization
juicefermentation
sugarcentrifugation
winedistillation
sugar cane500 tc/h
electricity~10 MW
ethanol43-76 m3/h
juice
bagasse150 t/h
sugar0-65 t/h
fermentable sugars
bagassepre-treatment
cellulosehydrolization
NFFs
CO2
bagasse150 t/h
straw
chemicals
waterwater
anaerobic digestion
methane
nutrientsnutrients
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Production of supercritical CO2 from oxycombustion
cyclone condensereconomizer
biomass
boiler
superheater
power cycle
evaporator
N2
water
supercritical CO2 unit
air
CO2
CO2
air separation unit
oxyfuel boiler
scCO2
power
O2
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Temperature oC
Entropy kJ/kg/oC
separaçãoH2O
pressão de injeção no
reservatório
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Carbon capture and storage
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Carbon capture and storage
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Carbon capture and storage
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Carbon capture and storage
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Carbon capture and storage
Oil and gas 2.5 Gtenough for 6 years
Saline aquifers 2000 Gtenough for 5000 years
Pre-salt ???
CO2 storage capacity (CarbMap project)
Sugarcane sector 292Mta,
total Brazilian emissions 400Mta…
Example of commercial plants in operation
Reference sugarcane mill: 0.43 MtCO2/year
Global CCS Institute 2012, The Global Status of CCS: 2012
Example of commercial plants in operation
Reference sugarcane mill: 0.43 MtCO2/year
Global CCS Institute 2012, The Global Status of CCS: 2012
operatingparamete
rs
Process optimization approach
uniform random
ethanol +electricity + scCO2
characteristicdistributions
Inputs that miximize outputs
How to set the control variables in order to increase probability of optimal
conversion, given the variability of all uncontrolled variables ?
dewatering
dewatering
water
CO2
2 t/h
vinasse500 m3/h
molasses
mechanicalprocessing
juiceextraction
cookingcrystallization
juicefermentation
sugarcentrifugation
winedistillation
Ox
yco
mb
ust
ion
bo
iler a
nd
turb
ine
s
electricity~10 MW
ethanol43-76 m3/h
juice
bagasse150 t/h
sugar0-65 t/h
fermentable sugars
bagassepre-treatment
cellulosehydrolization
NFFs
CO2
bagasse150 t/h
straw
chemicals
water
anaerobic digestion
methane
nutrients
Process optimization approach
Monte Carlo simulations (simplified example)
dewatering
dewatering
water
molasses
mechanicalprocessing
juiceextraction
cookingcrystallization
juicefermentation
sugarcentrifugation
winedistillation
boiler andturbines
juice
bagasse
150 t/h
sugar0-65 t/h
fermentable sugars
bagassepre-treatment
cellulosehydrolization
NFFs
CO2
2 t/h
vinasse500 m3/h
bagasse150 t/h
straw
Process optimization approach
control variable
stochastic variables
dewatering
dewatering
water
molasses
mechanicalprocessing
juiceextraction
cookingcrystallization
juicefermentation
sugarcentrifugation
winedistillation
boiler andturbines
juice
bagasse
150 t/h
sugar0-65 t/h
fermentable sugars
bagassepre-treatment
cellulosehydrolization
NFFs
CO2
2 t/h
vinasse500 m3/h
bagasse150 t/h
straw
Monte Carlo simulations (simplified example)
Simulation variables
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Carbon capture and storage by a sugarcane mill
Optimization approach – operation envelope
power(MW)
ethanol(m3/h)
baseline ethanolproduction (meth,min)
baseline powergeneration (Wmin)
maximum powergeneration (Wmax)
maximum ethanolproduction (meth,max)
energyconservation
operatingenvelope
target operating region
dewatering
dewatering
water
molasses
mechanicalprocessing
juiceextraction
cookingcrystallization
juicefermentation
sugarcentrifugation
winedistillation
boiler andturbines
ethanol43-76 m3/h
juice
bagasse
150 t/h
sugar0-65 t/h
fermentable sugars
bagassepre-treatment
cellulosehydrolization
NFFs
CO2
2 t/h
vinasse500 m3/h
electricity20-30 MW
bagasse150 t/h
straw
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Carbon capture and storage by a sugarcane mill
Optimization approach – operation envelope
power(MW)
ethanol(m3/h)
baseline ethanolproduction (meth,min)
baseline powergeneration (Wmin)
maximum powergeneration (Wmax)
maximum ethanolproduction (meth,max)
energyconservation
operatingenvelope
target operating region
scCO2
dewatering
dewatering
water
CO2
2 t/h
vinasse500 m3/h
molasses
mechanicalprocessing
juiceextraction
cookingcrystallization
juicefermentation
sugarcentrifugation
winedistillation
Ox
yco
mb
ust
ion
bo
iler a
nd
turb
ine
s
electricity~10 MW
ethanol43-76 m3/h
juice
bagasse150 t/h
sugar0-65 t/h
fermentable sugars
bagassepre-treatment
cellulosehydrolization
NFFs
CO2
bagasse150 t/h
straw
chemicals
water
anaerobic digestion
methane
nutrients
power(MW)
ethanol(m3/h)
baseline ethanolproduction (meth,min)
baseline powergeneration (Wmin)
maximum powergeneration (Wmax)
maximum ethanolproduction (meth,max)
energyconservation
operatingenvelope
target operating region
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Carbon capture and storage by a sugarcane mill
Optimization approach – operation envelope
scCO2
dewatering
dewatering
water
CO2
2 t/h
vinasse500 m3/h
molasses
mechanicalprocessing
juiceextraction
cookingcrystallization
juicefermentation
sugarcentrifugation
winedistillation
Ox
yco
mb
ust
ion
bo
iler a
nd
turb
ine
s
electricity~10 MW
ethanol43-76 m3/h
juice
bagasse150 t/h
sugar0-65 t/h
fermentable sugars
bagassepre-treatment
cellulosehydrolization
NFFs
CO2
bagasse150 t/h
straw
chemicals
water
anaerobic digestion
methane
nutrients
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Processing pathways (hem. are fermented or burned)
Conversion of sugarcane into ethanol and electricity
de-wateringcombustion
de-wateringcombustion
hydrolysisfermentation
cellulose hemicellulose lignin sucroseashes water
ethanol energy
c1 c2 c3
C6H10O5 C5H8O4 C73H139O13
pre-treatmentfermentation
fiber sucroseashes water
a f s w
tops + leaveswater + sucrose
bagassejuice straw
energy conservation limit
Process optimization approach
control results: fiber + water contents
More fiber and less water
(53%) litigation: dewatering versus sc water content
13% to 25% fiber
70 %to 55% water
Process optimization approach
burning x hydrolysis (hemicelluloses are burned)
optimality optimality
Two optimal operating states85% + 15%
15%t +o 85%
Process optimization approach
burning x hydrolysis (hemicelluloses are fermented)
Much more robust conversion process !
Process optimization approach
more lignin, more hemicellulosesless cellulose
fiber composition (hemicelluloses are burned)
Process optimization approach
idem, slightly more robust process
fiber composition (hemicelluloses are fermented)
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sucrose/starch (+water)
lignocellulosic fiber (-water)
Industrial biorefineries evolution
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1G+2G BRFs will evolve to 1G2G and possibly to 2G only
BRFs at much higher processing scales…
Obrigado…Paulo Seleghim Jr.
Café com FísicaCafé com FísicaIFSC/USPIFSC/USP
