Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investigação e Desenvolvimento em Lisboa...

Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investigação e Desenvolvimento em Lisboa

Ontology Building Process: The Wine Domain

João Graça, Márcio Mourão, Orlando Anunciação, Pedro Monteiro, H. Sofia Pinto, and Virgílio Loureiro


Summary

• Context• Ontology• Wine Domain• Existing Wine Ontologies • Ontology Building Process

– Knowledge acquisition– Conceptualization– Evaluation– Formalization

• Future work


Context

• Project for a Post-Graduate Course– Building an Ontology

• Team– 4 students from Artificial Intelligence area

• Theoretical knowledge• No prior practical experience


Ontology

• What is an ontology– Concepts of a domain represented as:

• Classes - collection of individuals

• Instances – individuals

– Concepts are hierarchically organized• subclass, instance-of

– Other domain dependent relations• produced-in, producer, produced-by


Wine Domain

• Type classified according to three main dimensions– Wine making process

• White, Rosé and Red

– Grape maturity state

– Fermentation process

WineAccordingMaturityState

Unripe Mature OverMature

WineAccordingFermentation

Sweet

Sparkling

Table


Wine

• Classification– Wine dimensions

• Wine type (process, maturity, fermentation)

– Grape variety

– Harvesting year

– Producer

– Region

• Classification System– European: Defines requirements for a wine

– Rest of the World: Producer asserts the quality of the wine

• Characteristics– Measurable: alcohol percentage, tannin level and degree of acidity

– Ambiguous: vision, aroma and flavor


Existing Wine Ontologies

• Noy and McGuinness, 2001– Mismatches between concepts and relations acquired and

represented• Ex: Dessert Wines

– Lack of restrictions• Red wine with white grapes is possible

• Conclusion– A new ontology to be built from scratch


Ontology Building Process

• Knowledge Acquisition• Conceptualization• Evaluation• Formalization


Knowledge Acquisition

• First Stage– Sources: Books and Internet

• Unstructured information

• Different definitions for the same concept

– Result• A glossary

• A general view about the domain

• Second Stage– Found a Wine Domain Expert

• Structured interviews


Conceptualization (first stage)

• Conceptual model based on First Stage– Brainstorming into a Blackboard

– Attempt to create a model from concepts

– General Conceptual Model


Conceptualization (second stage)

• First stage conceptual model evaluated by the Expert– Introduction of abstract concepts – Removal of very specific concepts– New simpler conceptual model

• Covers about 90% of the Domain


Formalization

• OntoEdit– Proprietary tool– Beta Tester Program

• Concepts– Classes & Instances

• Relations between concepts– Attribute values of classes were restricted

• Impossible to create a red wine with only white grapes

• Impossible to assign a French region to a Portuguese wine


Results

• OntoEdit has a built in Inference Engine: Ontobroker– Queries represented in F-Logic:– Auxiliar predicate:

FORALL Wine,Year, GrapeVariety hasGrapeVarietyYear(Wine,Year, GrapeVariety) <- Wine:#Wine[#hasYear»Year], Wine[#hasGrapeVariety‑» GrapeVariety].

- Query – Select all grapes that were used in wines from the year 2001FORALL Wine,GrapeVariety <- hasGrapeVarietyYear (Vinho,2001,Casta).

Wine GrapeVariety

Quinta de Roriz Tinto Reserva 2001 Touriga Nacional

Quinta de Roriz Tinto Reserva 2001 Tinta Roriz

Quinta do Cotto Tinto 2001 Touriga Nacional


Future Work

• Refine the ontology

• Wine advisory system– Dialogue system

• Increase the knowledge base

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