Maria João Pereira

CERENA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa

SEMINÁRIO SOBRE "MINERAÇÃO DE ATERROS EM PORTUGAL: OPORTUNIDADE OU FICÇÃO CIENTÍFICA?"

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INFOGRAPHICS PUBLISHED – on-going work

21 oktober 2015

EURELCO SGA 2

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In Portugal

Present landfills

urban waste - 32

industrial non hazardous waste - 8 + ≈ 3000 related with quarries

industrial hazardous waste - 5 (3 from mining activities)

Closed landfills

old dumpsites – 341sanitary landfills - 6abandoned mines - 197

Source: Bernardo Rafael

dejcaoceiroquinho.blogspot.com

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In view of the development of a new circular economy package ELFM is

considered:

Enhanced Landfill Mining

“the safe conditioning, excavation and integrated valorization of (historic and/or future) landfilled

waste streams as both materials (Waste-to-Material) and energy (Waste-to-Energy), using innovative

transformation technologies and respecting the most stringent social and ecological criteria.”

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(Enhanced) Landfill Mining within a broader Recycling strategy

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Enhanced Landfill Mining (ELFM) has gradually obtained more coverage and

credibility in the EU:

• Flanders: Multi-actor research consortium since 2008www.elfm.eu

• Several national research projects are running in Flanders (IWT O&O ELFM, MIP ICON PLASMAT), Wallonia, the Netherlands, Germany, Sweden, Finland, the Baltic Region, Austria, etc.

• Construction EUROPEAN ENHANCED LANDFILL MINING Consortium in marcwww.eurelco.org

• EURELCO received EIP RMC Status

• ELFM to be part of new EIT KIC on Raw Materials

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Non-technical barriers are manifest:

• Legal (e.g. Landfill Directive &Waste Framework Directive)

• Social acceptance (NIMBYISM)

• Economics (public versus private benefits)

• Resistance by several (traditional)industrial sectors

Nevertheless, acceptance of the concept and commercial

breakthrough of ELFM less straightforward than for urban mining of critical

metals

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Establishmentof EURELCO

– March 11, 2014

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Members

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EURELCO Management Structure

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EURELCO National ELFM Consortia

Schematic diagram of the envisaged network of national ELFM Consortium networks

CERENA (Instituto Superior Técnico – Lisbon University)

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Multidisciplinary

Integrative

Multi-scaleFunded by private companies, public institutions andFCT (UID/ECI/04028/2013)

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Mission andvision

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Mission. To be a an open, quadruple helix network that supports the required

technological, legal, social, economic, environmental and organisational innovation

with respect to Enhanced Landfill Mining withinthe context of a transition to a circular,

low carbon economy.

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Enhanced Landfill Mining – transdisciplinary science

Quadruple Helix Innovation

• Government, Academia, Industry and Citizens collaborating together to drive structural changes far beyond the scope of any one organisation could achieve on it’s own

• Involve all stakeholders in quadruple helix to innovate and experiment in real world settings, in creating frictionless ecosystems

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Vision. By 2020 Enhanced Landfill Mining is implemented EU wide as a key component of a resource efficient, circular andlow carbon economy. The EU’s 150.000 to 500.000 landfillsprovide for a substantial part of the EU’s material, energy

and land needs. ELFM has paved the way for breakthroughexploration, separation, transformation and upcycling

technologies that are also used for recycling/urban miningof newly produced waste and residues.

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ELFM potential

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Impact of ELFM on a EU-scale (see Jones et al., 2013)

Economic benefits

• Avoidance of landfill remediation costs:0,1-1 trillion € (if ELMIRE is used for all EU-landfills)

• A new resource recovery economy, with significant short, medium and long term potential for EU SMEs in EU-27 and in the rest of the world: CH4 extraction (in situ); Organic based materials (WtM or WtE) (ex situ); Metals (ex situ); Materials for building and construction (ex situ)

• Recovery of valuable land (in situ or ex situ)

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Impact of ELFM on a EU-scale (see Jones et al., 2013)

Strategic benefits

• Improve the EU’s materials autonomy through resource recovery:• Reducing pressure on primary raw materials (fossil fuels and non-energy raw materials)

• Fostering the use of secondary raw materials:

• Aggregate figure: Up to 5% of the current DMC/year for EU-27, for 25 years

• Plasmarok slag (a.o. replacement for cement clinker): 250–840 Mtonne for 25 years

• Improve the EU’s energy autonomy through resource recovery:• Contributing to the EU’s renewable energy target through accelerated CH4 uptake through in situ LFM:

7 million TOE ~3% of the EU-27 renewable energy target for 2020)

• Contributing to EU’s renewable energy target (WtE from SRF (mixed organic) from ex situ LFM: an additional 0,4-1,1 million TOE )

• Building up on more sustainable production and consumption patterns

• Founding of a world-leading European competence centre on Effective Landfill Mining

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Impact of ELFM on a EU-scale (see Jones et al., 2013)

Health and environment• Lower the EU’s carbon footprint (benchmark with direct EU-27 CO2(eq) emissions:

4600 Mtonne CO2(eq)/year):

• Avoided CO2(eq) emissions due to in situ CH4 mining of 112 – 139 Mtonne/year;

• Avoided CO2(eq) emissions due to net carbon balance, from a full EU-27 ex situ LFM approach(versus in situ only approach, for 150.000-500.000 landfills): extra 15 - 75 Mtonne CO2(eq)/year

• With carbon sequestration techniques, this overall CO2(eq.) benefit can be significantly increased.

• Plasmarok slag replacing cement clinker: 3-11 Mtonne CO2(eq)/year

• Use of CO2 in horticulture (not addressed in ELMIRE)

• Carbon Capture and Storage or Enhanced Coal Bed Methane for WtE facility(not ELMIRE’s scope)

• Land reclamation ( >2800 - 6000 km², available for nature, urban, industrial etc. purposes)

• Avoiding human health and environmental issues in the future dueto landfill pollution problems

• Reducing environmental & health impact associated withprimary mining of energy and non-energy materials

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Impact of ELFM on a EU-scale (see Jones et al., 2013)

Social benefits

• Creation of new jobs associated with the start-up of new,SME-driven markets:

• Up to 800 FTE new jobs for the Remo landfill site (ex situ mining)

• Up to 240.000-800.000 new jobs in EU-27 (for full implementation of ELMIRE framework)

• Generation of transition management expertise relevant to other SCP domains as well

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Muito obrigada!