Partidos, ideologia e consolidação democrática

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]KRXAHNW* AHCNJNDAK C GNEWNJAHKÄÇN HC@NGRËXAGK  Lëban Tkehcrjcq Rcaw A Nw }krxahnw }njàxagnw en Brkwaj wçn xrkhaganekj`cexc graxagkhnw }nr wsk lkjxk hc gnewawxæegak c "ksxcexagahkhc"% Wcdsehn cwwk gràxagk* nw }krxahnw wcrak` hc`kwakhk`ce xc k`nrlnw ns ljsahnw c` wsk gn`}nwaäkn c hsrkäçn c hc`kwakhk` cexc rkjnw c }rcgëranw gn`n aewxrs`cexnw hc rc}rcwcexkäçn hk wngachkh c% Rcgcexc`cexc* k cwwk gràxagk xrkhaganekj gn`cäk k fsexkr-wc nsxrk* {sc /gn` Tkehcrjcq Dsajocr`c hnw Wkexnw* }nr cc`}jn! cgnk gcrxkw  }nwaäóc w jadkhkw knw en |nw `n|a`ce xnw wngakaw c hcesegak n "nja dn}÷jan" ccrgahn }cjnw }krxahnw% ; Kwwa`* wc k aháak xrkhaganekj á k hc {sc xc`nw  }krxahnw hc `cenw* k dnrk wsrdc xk`bá` k aháak hc {sc* hc kjds`k lnr`k* nw xc`nw hc`kaw% K }crw}cgxa|k ce|nj|ahk ek gràxagk xrkhaganekj á hc jnedc k hn`aekexc% Hnaw xc`kw rcgcexcw hk |ahk }njàxagn-}krxahërak brkwajcark wçn `kealcwxkäócw gjkrkw hcwwk }crw}cgxa|k6 c` }ra`carn jsdkr* k aewawxcexc hceöegak hn @HB /c hn ]@HB* c` wcdsahk! gn`n s` "wkgn hc dkxnw"* gsfk ocxcrndcecahkhc  }rnabarak lkjkr gn` }rn}rachkhc hc }krxahn k rcw}caxn hcjc -- xrkxkr-wc-ak kexcw hc s`k "lrcexc"9 c` wcdsehn jsdkr* k ws}nwxk en|ahkhc rc}rcwcexkhk }cjn ]X /}cjk cxrkäçn wngakj hc kjds`kw hc wskw jahcrkeäkw `kaw a`}nrxkexcw c }cjn k}cdn `kaw aeljcà|cj k gcrxkw }nwaäócw!* bc` gn`n nw hajc`kw c halagsjhkhcw hcgnrrcexcw hk ecgcwwahkhc hc gnegajakr k bswgk hc klar`käçn hk ahcexahkhc  }krxahërak kwwngakhk k cwwk en| ahkhc gn` kw a`}nwa äócw cwxrkxádagkw hn fndn cjcaxnrkj% Krxadn }sbjagkhn nradaekj`cexc c` Lëban T% Rcaw c Dsajjcr`n NHneecjj /nrdw%!*  K  Hc`ng rkgak en Brkwaj 6 Hajc` kw c ]crw }cgxa|kw * Wçn ]ksjn* Chaxnrk \árxagc.Rc|awxk hnw Xrabsekaw* ;1??% ; Tkehcrjcq Dsajocr`c hnw Wkexnw* ‚N Wágsjn hc @agocjw6 Gn`}cxaäçn Njadn}÷jagk* J÷dagk Ksxnraxërak c Xrkewaäçn ek K`áragk Jkxaek*  Hkhnw * |nj% 2?* en% 7* ;1?3* }}% 2?7- 7;=% ;

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]KRXAHNW* AHCNJNDAK C GNEWNJAHKÄÇN HC@NGRËXAGK∔ 

Lëban Tkehcrjcq Rcaw

A

Nw }krxahnw }njàxagnw en Brkwaj wçn xrkhaganekj`cexc graxagkhnw }nr wsklkjxk hc gnewawxæegak c "ksxcexagahkhc"% Wcdsehn cwwk gràxagk* nw }krxahnwwcrak` hc`kwakhk`cexc k`nrlnw ns ljsahnw c` wsk gn`}nwaäkn c hsrkäçn chc`kwakhk`cexc rkjnw c }rcgëranw gn`n aewxrs`cexnw hc rc}rcwcexkäçn hkwngachkhc% Rcgcexc`cexc* k cwwk gràxagk xrkhaganekj gn`cäk k fsexkr-wc nsxrk*{sc /gn` Tkehcrjcq Dsajocr`c hnw Wkexnw* }nr cc`}jn! cgnk gcrxkw

 }nwaäócw jadkhkw knw en|nw `n|a`cexnw wngakaw c hcesegak n "njadn}÷jan"ccrgahn }cjnw }krxahnw%; Kwwa`* wc k aháak xrkhaganekj á k hc {sc xc`nw

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cjcaxnrkj%

Krxadn }sbjagkhn nradaekj`cexc c` Lëban T% Rcaw c Dsajjcr`n N‑Hneecjj /nrdw%!* K Hc`ngrkgak en Brkwaj6 Hajc kw c ]crw}cgxa|kw* Wçn ]ksjn* Chaxnrk \árxagc.Rc|awxk hnwXrabsekaw* ;1??%; Tkehcrjcq Dsajocr`c hnw Wkexnw* ‚N Wágsjn hc @agocjw6 Gn`}cxaäçn Njadn}÷jagk*J÷dagk Ksxnraxërak c Xrkewaäçn ek K`áragk Jkxaek‐* Hkhnw* |nj% 2?* en% 7* ;1?3* }}% 2?7-7;=%

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