Tema Conservação da Biodiversidade Painel Marcelo Tabarelli, Tabarelli.pdf · Perspectiva para...
Transcript of Tema Conservação da Biodiversidade Painel Marcelo Tabarelli, Tabarelli.pdf · Perspectiva para...
A Secundarização da Floresta e o Futuro da
Biodiversidade da Mata Atlântica
Marcelo Tabarelli
UFPE
www.ufpe.br/ecoplan/
Perturbações antrópicas levam a secondarização da floresta!
(capoerização)
Principais achados na floresta Atlântica;
Resposta da florestas as perturbações;
Fatores que controlam a resposta;
Perspectiva para biodiversidade da floresta Atlântica;
Agenda necessária de conservação e pesquisa.
Paisagens intactas
Paisagens antrópicas
Forest cover and structural connectivity+ -
Perturbações antrópicas
Land-use intensification
Tabarelli et al. 2008 Biotropica
0
20
40
60
80
100
Pioneer
species
Emergent
species
Canopy
species
Understory
species
Vertebrate
dispersed
species
Ecological groups
Perc
en
tag
e o
f tr
ee s
pecie
s
Forest edge
Forest interior
Source: Oliveira et al. 2004 Oryx
Proliferação de plantas pioneiras na floresta Atlântica
© Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
Inconspicuous flowers, pollinated by
“diverse small insects” (DSI) are
more frequent in edge-affected
habitats and within pioneers
© Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
© Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
© Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
Floral Type
Non-inconspicuous/open flowers are
more frequent in forest interior plots and within old-growth flora
Brush flowers Tube flower
Flag flowersCamera flower
Floral Types
Pequenos fragmentos suportam…
50% of tree species richness;
30% of large-seeded species;
40% of shade-tolerant species;
25% of emergent tree species;
< 25% tree species pollinated by vertebrates.
Santos et al. 2008 Biol. Conserv.
Girão et al. 2007 PLoS One
Oliveira et al. 2008 Forest Ecol & Manag
ks
ja
ed
abc
g f
ha e
ab
e
Tempo pós fragmentação
e
b
ba
Convergência ou homogeneização biótica
Fragmentos florestais
Proliferação de pioneiras
Declínio das espécies da floresta madura
Log10
Distance between pairs of subregions (Km)
1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8
Jacc
ard
's S
imila
rity
Ind
ex
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
Similaridade taxonômica da floresta Atlântica nordestina
Lobo et al. (2011). Diversity and Distributions
20% increment on similarity
Pre 1980
Post 1980
Habitat Fragmentation
Edge
effectsFire Logging Hunting
Forest structural collapseElimination of frugivores
Pioneer
proliferation
Early-successional systems
Decline of shade-tolerant
trees
Source: Tabarelli et al. 2008 Biotropica
Criação de bordas florestais
Floresta madura
Floresta secundária inicial
Secondarização dos remanescentes florestais
Time after initial disturbance
Early successional
Mid-successional
Old-growth stage
+
-
Resposta da floresta as perturbações antrópicas
Matrix harshness
Old-growth taxa favoring
Pioneer favoring
Time after initial disturbance
Early successional
Mid-successional
Old-growth stage
+
-
Environmental extremes
Resposta da floresta as perturbações antrópicas
Old-growth taxa favoring
Pioneer favoring
Time after initial disturbance
Early successional
Mid-successional
Old-growth stage
+
-
Collection of forest products
Old-growth taxa favoring
Pioneer favoring
Resposta da floresta as perturbações antrópicas
Time after disturbance
Sp
ec
ies
ric
hn
es
s
Fu
nc
tio
na
ld
ivers
ity
Bio
ma
ss
Pri
ma
ry p
rod
uc
tivit
y
Secondarization
Forest regeneration
Early succ. Mid-successional Late successional
Dinâmica do ecossistema florestal
>90% < 50% < 30% < 10%
Intact FragmentedVariegated Relictual
Bio
div
ers
ity r
ete
ntion
+
-
Ecolo
gic
al serv
ices
Need f
or
managem
ent
Econom
ic v
alu
e o
f fo
rest
undisturbed
disturbed
Forest cover
Socia
l and c
ultura
l div
ers
ity
Land-use intensification
Landscape type
Predição...
Poucas espécies irão persistir nas
paisagens antrópicas!!!!
(moradores de floresta secundárias)
Tabarelli (2010) Biotropica
Any conservation strategy
that fails to safeguard
large blocks of core
primary forests has limited
potential for biodiversity
conservation, provision of
ecological services, and
long-term human well-
being based on forestry
activities.
Corredores de biodiversidade
Santos et al. (2008) Biological Conservation
Abordagem promissora
Human disturbances
Habitat loss and fragmentation;
Edge effects;
Disruption of species interactions
Over-exploitation;
Fire;
Climate change (climatic extremes).
Biodiversity-controlled
processes Ecological services;
Goods provision;
Conservation services;
Human cultural diversification;
Human well-being;
Human-society vulnerability to
global changes.
Secondarization Secondarization
shape shape
Agradecimentos!
Colaboradores
Dr Carlos A. Peres (UEA)
Dr Rainer Wirth (UK)
Dr Inara R Leal (UFPE)
Dr Ariadna F. Lopes (UFPE)
Ricardo Rodrigues (ESALQ)
Jean Paul Metzger (USP)
Time do laboratório
Dr Felipe P Melo
MSc Severino R Pinto
MSc Antonio Aguiar
MSc Edgar Silva
MSc Waness Almeida
MSc Gabriel Mendes