The Geomorphological Settings of the Amazon Muddy Coastal Zone: an overview from remote sensing and...
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Transcript of The Geomorphological Settings of the Amazon Muddy Coastal Zone: an overview from remote sensing and...
The Geomorphological Settings of the Amazon Muddy Coastal Zone:
an overview from remote sensing and field ancillary data
Pedro Walfir M. Souza FilhoUniversidade Federal do Pará, Centro de Geociências
Centro de GeociênciasLaboratório de Análise de Imagens do Trópico Úmido
Geologic approach
Tectonic, physiographic, geomorphologic, sedimentologic, climatic and oceanographic information from the Amazon coastal zone were reviewed focusing on the factors leading to recognize different geomorphological settings of the Amazon coastal zone
PhysiographicPhysiographic aspects aspects
Low reliefLow reliefWide coastal Wide coastal plain and plain and continental continental shelfshelfHigh drainage High drainage densitydensity
© 2000 USGS
The control of structural framework on coastal The control of structural framework on coastal geomorphological settinggeomorphological setting
Morphostructural settings:
-Guyana coast
-Amapá coast
-Marajó island
- Pará/ Maranhão coast
Gorini & Brian, 1976
Sedimentary environments:coastal zone and continental shelf
Geomorphological Settings of the Amazon Muddy Coastal Zone
Souza Filho & Prost, 2002
Sector I: Guyana Coast - Muddy CapesSector I: Guyana Coast - Muddy CapesGeomorphological Investigation from ERS-1Geomorphological Investigation from ERS-1
Erosional Interbank and Depositional Erosional Interbank and Depositional
Mud Bank Zone in French GuianaMud Bank Zone in French Guiana
KourouCSG
Salut Islands
N
ERS-1 image © European Space Agency, 1992ERS-1 image © European Space Agency, 1992
Avicennia sp.
Mangrove
Mud Banks
Erosional Interbank
Depositional Mud Bank
Sector I: Amapá Coast Sector I: Amapá Coast Muddy Capes and Muddy Capes and Fringed MangrovesFringed Mangroves
Cunani Estuarine Mouth - AmapáCunani Estuarine Mouth - Amapá
ERS-1 image © ESA, March 16. 1992ERS-1 image © ESA, March 16. 1992
Mud bank
Beach ridge
Marsh
Marsh
Beach ridgeMud bank
N
Orange and Cassiporé capes - AmapáOrange and Cassiporé capes - Amapá
JERS-1 image © NASDA, Oct 31. 1996JERS-1 image © NASDA, Oct 31. 1996
Sector II: Lake region and Marajó IslandSector II: Lake region and Marajó IslandWet grasslandWet grassland
Franco Island, Gurijuba Channel- AmapáFranco Island, Gurijuba Channel- Amapá
ERS-1 image © ESA, 1992ERS-1 image © ESA, 1992
Emerged mud banks
Submerged mud banks
Grassland
Emerged mud bank
Grassland
Gurijuba channel
Franco Island
N
Lakes region - AmapáLakes region - AmapáJERS-1 image © NASDA, Oct 31. 1996JERS-1 image © NASDA, Oct 31. 1996
Sector III: Marajó IslandSector III: Marajó IslandWet grasslandWet grassland
Wet-grass land - MarajóWet-grass land - MarajóJERS-1 image © NASDA, Oct 31. 1996JERS-1 image © NASDA, Oct 31. 1996
Sector IV: Pará - Maranhão CoastSector IV: Pará - Maranhão CoastMacrotidal MangroveMacrotidal Mangrove
N
ERS-1 image © ESA, 1992ERS-1 image © ESA, 1992
Northeastern Pará StateNortheastern Pará State
Coastal Plateau
Mangroves
Savannah
Dune-Beach ridgeEbb-tidal delta
Muddy Coast:Muddy Coast:processes in different spatial scaleprocesses in different spatial scale
Mangrove coast
7.800 km2Souza Filho & Lara, in press
Geomorfological Investigation Based on Geomorfological Investigation Based on RADARSAT and Landsat TM Integrated ProductRADARSAT and Landsat TM Integrated ProductBragança Mangrove Coast - ParáBragança Mangrove Coast - Pará Coastal Features
a = intertidal mangrovesb = supratidal mangrovec = deforested mangroved = regenerated mangrovee = inner salt marsh f = outer salt marshg = chenier sand ridgeh = barrier-dune beach ridge,i = ebb-tidal deltaj = tidal sandflatk = submerse sandy bankl = tidal estuarine channel
82% muddy environments
Geomorfological Investigation...Geomorfological Investigation...
Geomorphological Map Geomorphological Map from SPC-SAR Integrated Productfrom SPC-SAR Integrated Product
Different muddy coastal sedimentary environments
Muddy Coast:Muddy Coast:processes in different time scaleprocesses in different time scale
Stratigraphic evolution of the Bragança Coastal Plain
What happened 2,100 years ago? Sandy coast Muddy coast
Medium-Term Shoreline Changes from Airborne (GEMS, Medium-Term Shoreline Changes from Airborne (GEMS, 1972) and Spaceborne (RADARSAT, 1998) SAR1972) and Spaceborne (RADARSAT, 1998) SAR
10 kmA
B
C
RADARSAT image: 1998 GEMS 1000 vector: 1972
Shoreline change: A = -1.500; B = -1.250; C = +1.250 28m
Medium-Term Shoreline Changes...Medium-Term Shoreline Changes...
Erosive shorelineErosive shoreline Progradational shorelineProgradational shoreline
RADARSAT image © Canadian Space Agency, 1998RADARSAT image © Canadian Space Agency, 1998
Shoreline change evaluation (1972 - 1998)Shoreline change evaluation (1972 - 1998)
Which are the main processes that control erosion/accretion along the time?
Shallow Water Morphology and Coastal Shallow Water Morphology and Coastal Processes from RADARSAT-1.Processes from RADARSAT-1.
RADARSAT image © Canadian Space Agency, 1998RADARSAT image © Canadian Space Agency, 1998
Summary of Coastal Studies on Amazon RegionSummary of Coastal Studies on Amazon Region
Distinct remote sensing systems with different configurations have provided high quality data for muddy coastal features identification in wet tropical environments.
The effective applicability of the remote sensing technology depends on the understanding of radar and optical RS fundamentals, digital image processing, field investigations and the knowledge about the discipline vs. application involved.
SAR data will provide to geoscientist a powerful terrain visualization of the coastal geomorphological units, which can not be acquired from field observations alone.
This lecture has shown the importance of using remote sensing as a fundamental tool for mapping and monitoring purposes in moist tropical coastal environments of the Amazon region.
Geomorphologic, stratigraphic and oceanographic processes must be understood on different time and spatial scale. How we can do this?
The great objective of many generations is:
Try to understand what is going on Amazon muddy coast?