wd¾Ól úoHdj - NIEnie.lk/pdffiles/tg/s12syl49.pdfii 37 2'0 úIh ks¾foaYfha wruqKq — iudchl...

xvi

wOHhk fmdÿ iy;sl m;% ^Wiia fm<&wOHhk fmdÿ iy;sl m;% ^Wiia fm<&wOHhk fmdÿ iy;sl m;% ^Wiia fm<&wOHhk fmdÿ iy;sl m;% ^Wiia fm<&wOHhk fmdÿ iy;sl m;% ^Wiia fm<&

12 jk iy 13 jk fYa%Ks12 jk iy 13 jk fYa%Ks12 jk iy 13 jk fYa%Ks12 jk iy 13 jk fYa%Ks12 jk iy 13 jk fYa%Ks

wd¾Ól úoHdjwd¾Ól úoHdjwd¾Ól úoHdjwd¾Ól úoHdjwd¾Ól úoHdj ixfYdaê; úIh ks¾foaYhixfYdaê; úIh ks¾foaYhixfYdaê; úIh ks¾foaYhixfYdaê; úIh ks¾foaYhixfYdaê; úIh ks¾foaYh

2012 isg ls%hd;aul fõ'2012 isg ls%hd;aul fõ'2012 isg ls%hd;aul fõ'2012 isg ls%hd;aul fõ'2012 isg ls%hd;aul fõ'

^úNd.h m<uqjrg 2012 j¾Ifha § meje;afõ'&

jHdmdr wOHhk fomd¾;fïka;=j

úoHd yd ;dlaIK mSGh

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

xvii

mgqk msgq wxlh

1'0 ye¢kaùu

2'0 úIh ks¾foaYfha wruqKq

3'0 ksmqK;d yd ksmqK;d uÜgïj, ixfYdaOkh lrk ,o úIh wka;¾.;h

4'0 ld,Éfþoj, nr ;eîu

5'0 ixfYdaê; úIh ks¾foaYh

6'0 bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%fudamdh

7'0 mdi,a m%;sm;a;s iy jevigyka ixúOdkh

8'0 ;lafiarej yd we.hSu

i

ii

iii - xiv

xv

1 - 47

48

49-50

50

i

1'0 ye¢kaùu

kj iyi%lf.a m<uqjk úIhud,d m%;sixialrK hgf;a 2009 j¾Ifha w'fmd'i' ^Wiia fm<& úIhOdrdjg ksmqK;d mdol úIhud,djla

mdi,a moaO;shg y÷kajd fok ,È' w'fmd'i' ^Wiia fm<& l,d yd jdKsc úoHd úIh Odrj,g wh;a b;d jeo.;a ckms%h úIhhla jk wd¾Ól

úoHdj úIh lafIa;%h ;=< we;s ù ;sfnk ld,Sk fjkiaùï yd f.da,Sh m%jK;d ie,ls,a,g .ksñka wd¾Ól úoHdj úIh ks¾foaYh i|yd

ksmqK;d mdol úIhud,djla y÷kajd fok ,È'

oekg jir ;=kla 03& mdi,a moaO;sh ;=< fuu úIhud,dj ls%hd;aul fjñka mj;shs' cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh yd wOHdmk wud;HdxYh

tlaj cd;sl uÜgñka lrk ,o m¾fhaIKfha ks.ukj,g wkqj kej; wd¾Ól úoHdj úIh ks¾foaYh ixialrKh lrk ,È' w'fmd'i' ^Wiia

fm< & uÜgfï orefjl=g w;HjYH hehs yefÕk úIh wka;¾.;h ;SrKh lr .=rejrhd mka;s ldurh ;=< ienE f,iu /f|k ld,h o

ie,ls,a,g f.k ixfYdaê; úIh ks¾foaYh ilia lr we;'

wd¾Ól úoHd úIh tÈfkod ñksia Ôú;hg ióm iudchSh úoHdjls' úúO iudchSh úoHd úIhj,ska ñksid iudcfha yeisfrk wdldrh

úúO oDIaÀ fldaKj,ska wOHhkh lrk w;r" ñksid iudcfha yeisfrk wdldrh wd¾Ól úoHd oDIaÀ fldaKhlska yeoEÍu fuu úIhfhka isÿ

flf¾' fnfyda l<ukdlrK yd jdKsc úoHd úIhkaj,g moku jkafka o wd¾Ól úoHdj nj mejish yels h' tfyhska fuu úIhh yodrK

isiqkag Wiia wOHdmk yd jD;a;Sh wOHdmk wjia:d o iq,N fõ' fndfyda jdKsc" l<ukdlrK yd .sKqïlrK jD;a;Sh mdGud,dj, § wd¾Ól

úoHdj úIhla jYfhka yeoEÍfï wjia:dj isiqkag ,efí' tfuka u wd¾Ól úoHdj" ñksia Ôú;hg ióm úIhhla jk fyhska fuu úIh bf.k

.kakd isiqkag iudcfha Ôj;aùu i|yd fyd| mokula imhkq we;' fuu úIh id¾:l j yodrk isiqka YS% ,xld wd¾Ólfha ;sridr ixj¾Okhg

ld¾hlaIu j yd M,odhS j odhl úh yels ksmqK;dj,ska fyì mqrjeishka fõ hehs wfmalaId flf¾'

ii37

2'0 úIh ks¾foaYfha wruqKq

� iudchl uQ,sl wd¾Ól m%Yak úoHd;aul j úYaf,aIKh lsÍu yd tu uQ,sl wd¾Ól m%Yak ksrdlrKh lsÍu msKsi fhdod .; yels úl,am l%u

ms<sn| j úpdrd;aul wjfndaOhla ,nd§u'

� wd¾Ól ixl,am yd kHdh fhdod .ksñka m%dfhda.sl wd¾Ól m%Yak yd Wmk;s úYaf,aIKh i|yd wjYH l=i,;d ,nd§u'

� id¾j wd¾Ól úp,Hhkaf.a yeisÍu yd tu úp,H w;r mj;sk wka;¾ iïnkaO;d f;areï .ekSug ie,eiaùu'

� fjf<|fmd<l wdh;k yd mqoa.,hka ;d¾lsl j yeisfrk wdldrh úu¾IKh lsÍug fm<Uùu'

� wd¾Ól úoHdkql+, j is;Su i|yd wjYH jk ;d¾lsl Ñka;kh we;s lsÍu'

� úúO wd¾Ól úoHd ixl,am ms<sn| j ms<s.;a w¾:l:k wOHhkhg wjia:d ,nd§u'

� fjf<|fmd< l%uhla Tiafia id¾j wd¾Ól wruqKq <Õd lr .ekSu i|yd rch ueÈy;a jk wdldrh ms<sn| úuid ne,Sug fhduq lsÍu'

� mj;sk wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;s úpdrYS,S j ú.%y lsÍfï yelshdj ,nd§u'

� wd¾Ól ixj¾Okfha úúO;aj ;=,kd;aul j úuiSug wjYH l=i,;d ,nd§u'

� wd¾Ól úoHd úIh úYaf,aIKd;aul j meyeÈ,s lsÍu i|yd wjYH uQ,sl ksmqK;d ,nd§u'

� wka;¾cd;sl fjf<|dfï yd uQ,Hfha jeo.;alu yd f.da,ShlrKh w;r we;s iïnkaO;dj fmkajd§u'

� YS% ,xld wd¾Ólfha ld¾h idOkh ms<sn| j úpdrd;aul j ±lSug yels l=i,;d j¾Okh lsÍu'

� iudcfha hy meje;aug lghq;= lsÍu i|yd wjYH mokula ,nd§u'

� Wiia wOHdmkhg fhduqùu i|yd fhda.H mokula ,nd§u'

iii

bj;a lsÍï yd iSud lsÍïksmqK;dj yd ksmqK;d uÜgï

3'0 ksmqK;d yd ksmqK;d uÜgïj, ixfYdaOkh lrk ,o úIh wka;¾.;h

1'3 wd¾Ól ú.%y i|yd m%ia;dr yd iólrK Ndú; lrhs'

1'7 ksIamdok yelshd udhsu weiqßka úúO wdjiaÓl msßjeh ;;a;aj

bÈßm;a lrhs'

1'8 wd¾Ólhl iïm;a Ndú;h" ksIamdok yelshd udhsï jl%h weiqfrka

bÈßm;a lrhs'

1'9 idOl M,odhs;dj j¾Okh l< yels wdldr ;¾ldkql+, j m%ldY lrhs'

1'12 úúO ks¾Kdhl Ndú; lrñka wd¾Ól moaO;s j¾. lrhs'

• by; ksmqK;d uÜgu " fjf<|fmd< ú.%y i|yd m%ia;dr

yd iólrKNdú; lrhs'" f,i fjkia lr fojk

ksmqK;dj hgf;a ksmqK;d uÜgu 2'2 fj; f.khdu'

• wd¾Ól úp,Hhka Ndú; fkdlr X iy Y úp,Hhka

wdY%fhka m%ia;dr yd iólrK Ndú;hg yqre lsÍu'

• wvqjk wdjiaÓl msßjeh bj;a lsÍu'

• 1'9 ksmqK;d uÜgfuka bj;a l< "M,odhs;dj w¾:

oelaùu yd M,odhs;dj uekSu " hk fldgia 1'8 ksmqK;d

uÜgfï úIh wka;¾.;hg we;=<;a lsÍu'

• fuu ksmqK;d uÜgu iïmQ¾Kfhka bj;a lr tys

"M,odhs;dj w¾: oelaùu yd M,odhs;dj uekSu" fldgia

1'8 ksmqK;d uÜgu fj;g f.khdu'

• " mßj¾;k wd¾Ól" ks¾jpkhg yd ksoiqka iemhSug

muKla iSud lsÍu'

iv


2'1 wd¾Ól úYaf,aIKh wkqj fjf<|fmd< j¾. lrhs'

2'3 ñ, yd b,a¨ï m%udKh w;r iïnkaO;dj ú.%y lrhs'

2'5 ñ, b,a¨ï kuH;d m%fNao y÷kd .ekSug kuH;dj .Kkh lrhs'

2'15 ksIamdok nÿ" fjf<|fmd< ls%hdldß;ajhg n,mdk wdldrh úuihs'

• y;rjk ksmqK;dfõ we;=<;a my; i|yka fldgia idOlfjf<|fmd< hg;g we;=<;a lsÍu'• ksIamdok idOl i|yd b,a¨u ^jHq;amkak b,a¨u&

• ksIamdok idOl i|yd f.ùï^noql=,sh" wd¾Ól noql=,sh" jegqma"fmd,S iy wd¾Ól ,dNh&

• b,a¨ï kS;shg fya;= hgf;a tk " ySkjk wdka;slWmfhda.s;dj" hk fldgi bj;aa lsÍu'

• b,a¨ï kS;shg mgyeks wjia:d hgf;a tk "iufmalaIKNdKav " hk fldgi bj;a lsÍu'

• pdm ñ, b,a¨ï kuH;dj• iQ;%h yd .Kkh fldgia bj;a lsÍu

• "jákdlï u; nÿ mekùu" ye¢kaùug muKla iSud lsÍu'• .Kkh lsÍu iy nÿj, n,mEï bÈaßm;a lsÍu" tall

noaog muKla iSud lsÍu'

v


• tall noaola wdY%fhka muKla nÿ nr fn§hdu$ nÿ

wdmd;h meyeÈ,s lsÍu

• tall noaola wdY%fhka muKla b,a¨ï yd iemhqï

kuH;dj wkqj nÿ nr fn§hdu meyeÈ,s lsÍu'

• ksIamdolhdg ,ndfok jákdlï u; iykdOdrh

fláfhka ye¢kaùug muKla iSud lsÍu'

• iykdOdrj, n,mEu bÈßm;a lsÍu tall iykdOdrhg

muKla iSud lsÍu'

• b,a¨ï yd iemhqï kuH;dj wkqj iykdOdrfha jdish

fn§hdu tall iykdOdrh wdY%fhka meyeÈ,s lsÍu'

• ksIamdok ixúOdk

• ksIamdok wdh;k

• jHdmdr ixúOdk

• mßudKdkql+, M, kHdh hgf;a mj;sk

"^f,aLkhla wdY%fhka&"

hk fldgi bj;a lsÍu

2'16 b,a¨ï kuH;dj yd iemhqï kuH;dj wkqj nÿ nr fn§ hk wdldrh

ú.%y lrhs'

2'17 ksIamdok iykdOdr fjf<|fmd< ls%hdldß;ajhg n,mdk wdldrh

úuihs'

3'1 ksIamdok ls%hdj,sfha iajNdjh úYaf,aIKh lrhs'

vi


4'0 idOl fjf<|fmd< yeisÍu úYaf,aIKh lrhs'

5'1 id¾j wd¾Ól l<ukdlrKh i|yd wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;s fhdod .kakdwdldrh úuid n,hs'

5'6 úhoï m%fõYhg wkqj cd;sl .sKqï ilia lsÍfï iQodku m%o¾Ykh

lrhs'

• ksmqK;dj iïmQ¾Kfhka bj;a lsÍu

• fuu ksmqK;d uÜgu " id¾j wd¾Ól wruqKq úuid n,hs'"f,i fjkia lsÍu'

• id¾j wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;s• uQ,H m%;sm;a;s• rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;s• wdodhï m%;sm;a;s

• iuia; iemhqï m%j¾Ok m%;sm;a;s

• Rcq md,k m%;sm;a;s

• úfoaY fjf<| m%;sm;a;s

hk fldgia úIh ks¾foaYfha fjk;a ia:dkj, § idlÉPd

jk neúka fuu ksmqK;d uÜgñka bj;a lsÍu'

• uq¿ iïm;a iy tajdfha Wmfhdackh ,xldfõ ixLHd o;a;

weiqfrka meyeÈ,s lsÍu'

vii


5'7 wdodhï m%fõYh wkqj cd;sl .sKqï ilia lsÍfï iQodku m%o¾Ykhlrhs'

5'8 cd;sl .sKqïj, m%dfhda.sl Ndú; úuihs'

5'9 cd;sl .sKqïj, iSud u;=lr olajhs'

• úfoaY .sKqï yd cd;sl .sKqï w;r iïnkaO;dj fláfhkaye¢kaùug muKla iSud lsÍu'

• o< foaYSh b;=reï iy cd;sl b;=reï YS% ,xldfõ ixLHdo;a; weiqfrka meyeÈ,s lsÍu'

• fuu ksmqK;d uÜgfï• YS% ,xldfõ cd;sl .sKqï• cd;sl ksuejqfï ixhq;sh yd uE;ld,Sk fjkiaùï• lDIsld¾ñl" ld¾ñl yd fiajdj, wdxYsl odhl;ajh• lDIsld¾ñl" ld¾ñl yd fiajd wxYhkays uE;ld,Sk

m%jK;d• cd;sl ksuejqu fnodyeÍu'• talmqoa., ksuejqu$ wdodhu

hk fldgia úIh ks¾foaYfha fjk;a ia:dkj, §idlÉPd flfrk neúka bj;aa lr my; i|yka fldgiawe;=<;a lsÍu'

• wd¾Ól jDoaêh uekSu'• tal mqoa., m%;sYS¾I wdodhu• wdxYsl odhl;ajh

• 5'9 ksmqK;d uÜgfuys úIh wka;¾.;h fuu ksmqK;duÜgug tl;= lsÍu'

• 5'9 ksmqK;d uÜgu bj;a lr ksmqK;d uÜgfï wka;¾.;h

5'8 ksmqK;d uÜgu fj; f.khdu'

viii


6'5 újD; wd¾Ólhl iu;=,s;h ;SrKh jk wdldrh úuihs'

7'1 idudkH ñ, uÜgug wdYS%; ñkqï ú.%y lrhs'

7'2 YS% ,xldfõ idudkH ñ, uÜgfï fjkiaùu uksk ñ, o¾Yl úuid

n,hs'

• mßfNdackh Ys%;h (C)

• b;=reï Ys%;h

• wdfhdack (I)

• rdcH úhou

• rcfha ñ,§ .ekSu (G)

• ixl%du (TR)

• iajdh;a; nÿ (T)

hk fldgia 6'4 ksmqK;d uÜgfï § idlÉPd flfrk

neúka 6'5 ksmqK;d uÜgfuka bj;a lsÍu'

• " ñ, o¾Yl" fláfhka ye¢kaùug muKla iSud lsÍu'

• " YS% ,xldfõ mdßfNda.sl ñ, o¾Ylh" fldgi bj;a lsÍu'

ix


7'4 WoaOukh ú.%y lrk úúO m%fõY wkqidrfhka WoaOukhg n,mdkfya;= iy m%;súmdl úYaf,aIKh lrhs'

8'3 YS% ,xldfõ uqo,a iemhqu úYaf,aIKd;aul j mÍlaId lrhs'

8'4 YS% ,xldfõ uQ,H moaO;sh j¾. lrhs'

• jHqyd;aul WoaOukh bj;a lsÍu'

• mq¿,a uqo,a iemhqu (M5) bj;a lsÍu

• uy nexl=fõ j;alï weiqfrka• uy nexl=fõ j.lSu weiqfrka

fjkqjg "uy nexl=fõ j;alï yd j.lSïweiqfrka"f,i fjkia lsßu'

• fuu ksmqK;d uÜgfï• YS% ,xld uy nexl=j• n,m;%,dNS jdKsc nexl=• n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl=• ,shdmÈxÑ uQ,H iud.ï• iuqmldr .%dóh nexl=• iliqrejï yd Kh fok iuqmldr iñ;s• úfYaIs; l,anÿ iud.ï• m%d:ñl fjf<÷ka• jKsla nexl=• fldgia ;e/õldr iud.ï• tall Ndr• jHjidhl m%d.aOk iud.ï• Kh fYa%Ks.; lsÍfï wdh;k• rlaIK iud.ï• fiajl w¾:idOl wruqo,

x


• fiajl Ndrldr wruqo,• wksl=;a w¾:idOl wruqo,a• rdcH fiajd w¾:idOl wruqo,hk fldgia bj;a lsÍu'

• uQ,H m%;sm;a;s iïfma%IK hdka;%Kh bj;a lsÍu'

• m%d.aOk fjf<|fmd<

• w¾: oelaùu

• m%d.aOk fjf<|fmd<g wh;a wdh;k

hk fldgia bj;a lsÍu'

8'7 YS% ,xldfõ uQ,H m%;sm;a;s WmlrKj, Ndú; úuihs'

8'8 YS% ,xldfõ uQ,H fjf<|fmd< úYaf,aIKh lrhs'

xi


10'1 wka;¾cd;sl fjf<|dug mokï jQ idOl úu¾Ykh lrhs'

10'2 wka;¾cd;sl fjf<|dfï § wdrlaIKjd§ m%;sm;a;sj,ska we;s lrk

n,mEï úYaf,aIKh lrhs'

10'9 wka;¾cd;sl wd¾Ól iyfhda.S;dj i|yd ls%hd;aul jk úúO wd¾Ól

ixúOdkj, jeo.;alu úuihs'

• wka;¾cd;sl fjf<|dfï § jdis" iaÓ;sh iy .;sl f,i

fjk fjk u idlÉPdlsrSug wjYH fkdjk neúka

• iaÓ;sl jdis

• .;sl jdis

• ;dlaIKsl oekqu yqjudrej

• l<ukdlrK olaI;d yqjudrej

hk fldgia bj;a lsÍu'

• (GSP+) fjf<| jrK ms<sn| fmdÿ l%uh bj;a lsßu

• wd¾Ól taldnoaOùu ye¢kaùug muKla iSud lsÍu'

• wd¾Ól taldnoaOùï hgf;a tk my;

i|yka Wm ud;Dld bj;a lsÍu'

• j¾Kd;aul fjf<| ms<sfj;a (GSP+)

• ksoyia fjf<| m%foaY

• ;Srenÿ ix.ï

xii


• fmdÿ fjf<|fmd<• wd¾Ól ix.ï• YS% ,xldj yd bkaÈhdj w;r fhdacs; úia;S¾K wd¾Ól

iyfhda.s;d .súiqu (CEPA)• oaù md¾Yaùh iy nyq md¾Yaùh fjf<| .súiqïj,g fuys

we;=<;a lr we;s ksoiqkaj,g wu;r j fuu lafIa;%hgwod< ld,dkqrEmS fjkiaùï ms<sn| wjfndaOh jeo.;a fõ'

• wdishkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j (ADB) bj;a lsrSu'• wka;¾cd;sl uQ,H wruqo, (IMF)• f,dal nexl= uq¿j (WBG)

hk wdh;kj, wruqKq iy ld¾hhkams<sn| ye¢kaùug muKla iSud lsÍu'

• " ft;sydisl ls%hdj,shla f,if.da,ShlrKh" fldgibj;a lsrSu'

• fuu ksmqK;d uÜgu " wd¾Ól ms<sn| f,dal nexl=j¾.SlrKh ;=,kd;aul j ú.%y lrñka ;srir ixj¾Okhw.h lrhs'" f,i fjkia lsrSu'• wd¾:sl ms<sn| wka;¾cd;sl j¾.SlrKh wd¾Òl ms<sn|

f,dal nexl= j¾.SlrKh f,i fjkia lsrSu'• f,dal nexl= j¾.SlrKh• wfkl=;a j¾.SlrKh• ixj¾Okh ms<sn| cd;Hka;r úúO;aj hk fldgia bj;a

lsÍu'

10'10 wka;¾cd;sl uQ,H wdh;kj, ld¾hh úuihs'

10'11 ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk rgj, f.da,ShlrKfhka we;s jk n,mEuú.%y lrhs'

11'3 ixj¾Okfha úúO;ajh ;=,kd;aul j ú.%y lrñka ;srir ixj¾Okhw.h lrhs'

xiii


• 11'7 ksmqK;d uÜgfï my; i|yka fldgia úIh

wka;¾.;hg tl;= lsÍu'

• wd¾Ól j¾Okh iy oßø;dj

• È<sÿ ck;djg ys;lr wd¾Ól jDoaê m%;sm;a;s

• udkj oßø;d o¾Ylh fjkqjg nyqudkSh oßø;d o¾Ylh

we;=<;a lsÍu'

• 11'5 ksmqK;d uÜggfï § idlÉPd flfrk neúka ksmqK;d

uÜgu iïmq¾Kfhka bj;a lsÍu'

• fiajd úhqla;sfha m%;súmdl bj;a lsÍu'

• ksmqK;d uÜgu iïmq¾Kfhka u bj;a lsÍu

11'5 orso%;d ixl,amh ú.%y lrñka th ñkqï lrk whqre olajhs'

11'7 wd¾Ól j¾Okh yd oßø;dj w;r iïnkaO;dj ú.%y lrhs'

11'10 YS% ,xldfõ fiajd kshqla;sfha yd fiajd úhqla;sfha m%udKd;aul yd

jHQyd;aul ;;a;aj úuid n,hs'

11'11 YS% ,xldfõ Y%u fjf<|fmd< wdYS%; újdÈ; lreKq úuihs'

xiv

• by; ksmqK;d uÜgu" ksoyiska miq YS% ,xldfõ wd¾Ól

j¾Okfha rgdj úYaf,aIKh lrhs'" f,i fjkia lsÍu'

• uq¿ iïm;a

• o<foaYSh ksIamdÈ;h

• wdkhkh

• iïm;a Wmfhdackh

• mßfNdackh

• wdfhdackh

• wdkhkh

• b;=reï

• foaYSh b;=reï

• cd;sl b;=reï

• hk fldgia 5'6 iy 5'7 ksmqK;d uÜgïj,g we;=<;a

fldg we;s ksid fuu ksmqK;d uÜgfuka bj;a lsÍu'

12'2 ksoyiska miq YS% ,xldfõ uq¿ iïm;a iy tys Wmfhdackh úuiñka

wd¾Ól j¾Okfha rgdj úYaf,aIKh lrhs'


xv

^1&

^2&

^3&

^4&

^5&

^6&

^7&

^8&

^9&

^10&

^11&

wd¾Ól moaO;shl uQ,sl wd¾Ól m%Yakh úi|d .kakd wdldrh úYaf,aIKh lrhs'

fjf<|fmd<l l=gqïn jHdmdr wdh;k ;d¾lsl f,i yeisfrk wdldrh úYaf,aIKh lrhs'

fjf<|fmd< ;=< ksIamdok ixúOdk ;d¾lsl j yeisfrk wdldrh .fõIKh lrhs'

id¾j wd¾Ól ls%hdldß;ajh ie,ls,a,g .ksñka cd;sl .sKqï ilia lsÍfï iQodku

m%o¾Ykh lrhs'

id¾j wd¾Ól iu;=,s;h ;SrKh jk wdldrh ú.%y lrhs'

id¾j wd¾Ól ls%hdldß;ajhg n,mdk ñ, uÜgïj, fjkiaùu úYaf,aIKh lrhs'

wd¾Ólfha ls%hdldß;ajhg uqo,a yd nexl= moaO;sh odhl jk wdldrh úYaf,aIKh lrhs'

id¾j wd¾Ól wruqKq <Õd lr .ekSfuys,d rch ueÈy;a jk wdldrh úu¾Ykh lrhs'

úfoaY fjf<|du yd uq,H rgl iuia; wd¾Ólhlg we;s lrk n,mEu úYaf,aIKh lrhs'

ixúOdkfha úúO;ajh ;=,kd;aul j ú.%y lrñka ;sridr ixj¾Okhg odhl ùfï we,au

m%o¾Ykh lrhs'

ksoyfika miq YS% ,xld wd¾Ólfha ls%hdldß;ajh ;=,kd;aul j w.hhs'

70

110

35

50

35

25

48

65

65

57

40

600

58

95

30

42

30

19

39

55

55

47

30

500

12

15

05

08

05

06

09

10

10

10

10

100

ksmqK;dj wkq

wxlh

mj;sk

ld,Éfþo

m%udKh

wka;¾.;h

i|yd

ld,Éfþo

4'0 ld,Éfþoj, nr ;eîu

xv

ls%hdldrlï

i|yd

ld,Éfþo

ksmqK;djksmqK;djksmqK;djksmqK;djksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d uÜgï úIh wka;¾.;h úIh wka;¾.;h úIh wka;¾.;h úIh wka;¾.;h úIh wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo ld,Éfþo ld,Éfþo ld,Éfþo ld,Éfþo

1

1'1'1'1'1' wd¾Ól

moaO;shl uQ,sl

wd¾Ól m%Yakh

úi|d .kakd

wdldrh

úYaf,aIKh

lrhs'

7070707070

1'1 wd¾Ól úoHdj iudchSh

úoHdjla nj ;yjqre lrhs'

1'2 ;SrK .ekSu i|yd wd¾Ól

úoHdfõ kHdhd;aul yd

jHjydßl moku fhdod

.kshs'

� w¾Ól úoHdj ks¾jpkh

� wd¾Ól úoHd;aul j is;Su

� iudchSh úoHdjla f,i wd¾Ól úoHdj

� wd¾Ól úoHdj bf.kSfï jeo.;alu

� h:dkqrEmS yd wNsu;dkqrEmS wd¾Ól úoHdj

� iQlaIau yd id¾j wd¾Ól úoHdj

� wd¾Ól úoHdfõ l%ufõoh

� wdlD;s

� Wml,amk

� kHdhhka

5'0 ixfYdaê; úIh ks¾foaYh5'0 ixfYdaê; úIh ks¾foaYh5'0 ixfYdaê; úIh ks¾foaYh5'0 ixfYdaê; úIh ks¾foaYh5'0 ixfYdaê; úIh ks¾foaYh


2

1'3 NdKav yd fiajd

mßfNdackfhka

wjYH;d yd jqjukd ;Dma;su;a

jk nj fmkajd fohs'

1'4 NdKav yd fiajd ksIamdokhg

Ndú;lrk iïm;a j¾. lrhs'

1'5 úl,am m%fhdack iys; iSñ;

iïm;aj,ska wiSñ; jqjukd

imqrd .ekSug ;d¾lsl j ;SrK

.kshs'

� ñksia wjYH;d

� ñksia jqjukd

� wjYH;d yd jqjukd w;r fjki

� NdKav yd fiajd

� wd¾Ól NdKav

� wd¾Ól fkdjk NdKav

� iïm;a

� iïm;a j¾. lsÍu

� wd¾Ól iïm;a yd wd¾Ól fkdjk iïm;a

� m%;sIaGdmkh l< yels yd m%;sIaGdmkh l< fkdyels iïm;a

� ksIamdok idOl

� N+ñh

� Y%uh

� m%d.aOkh

� jHjidhl;ajh

� ysÕlu

� wiSñ; jqjukd

� iSñ; iïm;a

� úl,am m%fhdack iys; wd¾Ól iïm;a

� f;dard .ekSu

� wdjiaÓl msßjeh


3

06

1'6ksIamdok yelshd udhsu weiqßkaa

úúO wdjiaÓl msßjeh ;;a;aj

bÈßm;a lrhs'

1'7 wd¾Ólhl iïm;a Ndú;h"

ksIamdok yelshd udhsï jl%h

weiqfrka bÈßm;a lrhs'

� ksIamdok yelshd udhsu

� w¾: ±laùu

� Wml,amk

� ;Srl

� ixLHd;aul j yd m%ia;dßl j wdjiaÓl msßjeh bÈßm;a lsÍu'

� ia:djr wdjiaÓl msßjeh

� jefvk wdjiaÓl msßjeh

� jvd;a ;d;aúl ;;a;ajhla f,i jefvk wdjiaÓl msßjeh yd Bg fya;=

� iïm;a Ndú;h

� ysÕlu

� iïm;a mQ¾K yd Wmßu ld¾hlaIu Wmfhdackh

� iïm;a W!k Wmfhdackh yd wld¾hlaIu Wmfhdackh

� ksIamdok Odß;dfõ fjkiaùu ^ksIamdok yelshdj fjkiaùu'&

� iïm;a iïydrh fjkiaùu'

� M,odhs;dj w¾: oelaùu yd M,odhs;dj uekSu

� M,odhS;dj fjkiaùu'

� ;dlaIKh

� udkj m%d.aOkh

� l<ukdlrKh

� Y%u úNckh yd úfYaISlrKh


4

1'8 iïm;a iy ksuejqu

ld¾hlaIu j fnodyeÍu

ms<sn| ;SrK .kshs'

1'9 wd¾Ól moaO;shl ;SrK

.kakd md¾Yajhkaf.a yeisÍu

wdo¾Ykh lrhs'

� uQ,sl wd¾Ól m%Yak

� iïm;a fjka lsßu

� l=ula fldmuK ksmojkafka o@

� ksIamdokh

� flfia ksmojkafka o@

� ksIamdÈ;h fnodyeÍu

� ld i|yd ksmojkafka o@

� wd¾Ól moaO;s

� w¾: ±laùu

� uQ,sldx.

� wd¾Ól moaO;shl ;SrK .kakd lKavdhï

� l=gqïn

� rch

� jHdmdr wdh;k

� fjk;a

� lïlre ixúOdk

� rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk

� iïnkaëlrK hdka;%Kh

� ñ, hdka;%Kh

� ie,iqï hdka;%Kh$ úOdk hka;%Kh

� kS;s yd fr.=,dis

� kS;s rduqj

� ls%hdud¾.

� m%;sm;a;s

� m%;sudk iy iïm%odhhka

� mqreÿ yd ixialD;sh


5

� úúO wd¾Ól moaO;s

� wd¾Ól moaO;s j¾. lsÍfï ks¾Kdhl

� iïm;a ysñldÍ;ajh

� uQ,sl wd¾Ól m%Yak iïnkaëlrK hdka;%Kh

� idkqn, iemhSfï iajrEmh

� fjf<|fmd< w¾: l%uh

� ,dlaIKsl

� ls%hdldÍ;ajh

� ñf,ys ld¾hNdrh

� úOdk w¾:l%uh

� ,dlaIKsl

� ls%hdldÍ;ajh

� ñY% w¾: l%uh

� ,dlaIKsl

� ls%hdldÍ;ajh

� mßj¾;k wd¾Ól

ms<sn| flá ye¢kaùu

1'10 úúO ks¾Kdhl Ndú; lrñka

wd¾Ól moaO;s j¾. lrhs'


6

105

2'1 wd¾Ól úYaf,aIKh wkqj

fj<|fmd< j¾. lrhs'

2'2fjf<|fmd< ú.%y i|yd

m%ia;dr yd iólrK Ndú;

lrhs'

� fjf<|fmd<

� fjf<|fmd< j¾.

� NdKav yd fiajd fjf<|fmd<

� idOl fjf<|fmd<

� ksIamdok idOl i|yd b,a¨u ^jHq;amkak b,a¨u&

� ksIamdok idOl i|yd f.ùï

^nÿl=,sh" wd¾Ól nÿl=,sh" jegqma" fmd<sh iy wd¾Ól ,dNh&

� úp,H w;r iïnkaO;dj

� iajdh;a; úp,Hh

� mrdh;a; úp,Hh

� Ok yd RK iïnkaO;d

� Ok nEjqu yd RK nEjqu

� m%ia;dr yd iólrK

� f¾Çh m%ia;dr

� f¾Çh iólrK

2' fjf<|fmd<l

l=gqïn yd

jHdmdr wdh;k

;d¾lsl f,i

yeisfrk

wdldrh

úYaf,aIKh

lrhs'


7

� b,a u

� ks¾jpkh

� fm!oa.,sl b,aü

� fjf<|fmd< b,aü

� b,a¨ï kHdh

� fm!oa.,sl b,aü

� fjf<|fmd< b,a u

� b,a¨ï Ys%;h

� fm!oa.,sl b,a¨ï Ys%;h

� fjf<|fmd< b,a¨ï Ys%;h

� b,a¨ï kS;sh

� b,a¨ï kS;sh m%ldY lrk l%u

� b,a¨ï f,aLkh

� b,a¨ï jl%h

� b,a¨ï iólrKh

� b,a¨ï kS;shg fya;=

� wdodhï m%;súmdlh

� wdfoaYk m%;súmdlh

� b,a¨ï kS;shg mgyeks wjia:d

� .s*ka NdKav

� m%o¾Ykd;aul NdKav

2'3 fjf<|fmd<l b,aü

;SrKh ùu flfrys n,mdk

idOl úuihs'

2'4ñ, yd b,a¨ï m%udKh w;r

iïnkaO;dj ú.%y lrhs'


8

2'5b,a¨ï m%udKfha fjkiaùu

yd b,aü fjkiaùu w;r

fjki ikaikaokh lrhs'

2'6 ñ, b,a¨ï kuH;d m%fNao

y÷kd .ekSug kuH;dj

.Kkh lrhs'

2'7 ñ, b,a¨ï kuH;dj wkqj

fjf<|fmd<l ;d¾lsl j

;SrK .kakd whqre úuihs'

� b,a¨ï m%udKh fjkiaùu

� b,a¨ï m%udKh jeäùu

� b,a¨ï m%udKh wvqùu

� b,aü fjkiaùu

� b,aü jeäùu

� b,aü wvqùu

� kuH;d ixl,amh

� w¾: oelaùu

� ñ, b,a¨ï kuH;dj

� w¾: oelaùu

� ,laIH ñ, b,a¨ï kuH;dj

� iQ;%h yd .Kkh

� ix.=Klh wkqj kuH;d m%fNao

� mq¾K wkuH

� wkuH

� talSh kuH

� kuH

� mQ¾K kuH

� ñ, b,a¨ï kuH;dj iy b,a¨ï jl%fha nEjqu

� ñ, b,a¨ï kuH;dj yd b,a¨ï iólrKh

� ñ, b,a¨ï kuH;d ;Srl

� ñ, b,a¨ï kuH;dj yd mdßfNda.sl meyeou$ jHdmdßl wh Ndrh

� ñ, b,a¨ï kuH;dfõ m%dfhda.sl jeo.;alu


9

2'8 yria ñ, b,a¨ï kuH;dj

wkqj fjf<|fmd<l

;d¾lsl j ;SrK .kakd

whqre úuihs'

2'9 wdodhï b,a ï kuH;dj wkqj



2'10 fjf<|fmd<l iemhqu

;SrKh ùu flfrys n,mdk

idOl úYaf,aIKh lrhs'

� yria ñ, b,a¨ï kuH;dj

� w¾: oelaùu

� iQ;%h yd .Kkh

� ix.=Klh wkqj NdKav j¾.

� wdfoaYk NdKav

� wkqmQrl NdKav

� yria ñ, b,a¨ï kuH;djfha m%dfhda.sl jeo.;alu

� wdodhï b,a¨ï kuH;dj

� w¾: oelaùu

� iQ;%h yd .Kkh

� ix.=Klh wkqj NdKav j¾. lsÍu'

� idudkH NdKav

� w;HjYH NdKav

� iqfLdamfNda.S NdKav

� nd, NdKav

� wdodhï b,a¨ï kuH;djfha m%dfhda.sl jeo.;alu

� iemhqu

� w¾: oelaùu

� wdh;khl iemhqu

� fjf<|fmd< iemhqu


10

� iemhqï kHdh

� iemhqï Ys%;h

� iemhqï kS;sh

� iemhqï kS;sh m%ldY lrk l%u

� iemhqï f,aLkh

� iemhqï jl%h

� iemhqï iólrKh

� iemhqï kS;shg fya;=

� jefvk wdjiaÓl msßjeh

� iemhqï m%udKh fjkiaùu

� iemhqï m%udKh jeäùu

� iemhqï m%udKh wvqùu

� iemhqu fjkiaùu

� iemhqu jeäùu yd Bg fya;=

� iemhqu wvqùu yd Bg fya;=

2'11 ñ, yd iemhqï m%udKh w;r

iïnkaO;dj úuihs'

2'12 iemhqï m%udKh fjkiaùu

yd iemhqu fjkiaùu w;r

fjkiikaikaokh lrhs'


11

2'13 iemhqï ñ, kuH;dj wkqj



2'14 fjf<|fmd<l ñ, ;SrKh

jk wdldrh úuihs'

� iemhqï ñ, kuH;dj

� w¾: oelaùu

� iQ;%h yd .Kkh lsÍu

� ix.=Klh wkqj iemhqï ñ, kuH;d m%fNao

� mQ¾K wkuH

� wkuH

� talSh kuH

� kuH

� mQ¾K kuH

� iemhqï ñ, kuH;dj yd iemhqï jl%fha nEjqu

� iemhqfï ñ, kuH;dj yd iemhqï iólrKh

� iemhqï kuH;d ;Srl

� iemhqï kuH;dfõ m%fhdack yd m%dfhda.sl Ndú;h

� fjf<|fmd< iu;=,s;h

� w¾: oelaùu

� iu;=,s;h m%ldY l< yels l%u

� b,a¨ï yd iemhqï f,aLkh uÕska

� m%ia;dr uÕska

� iólrK uÕska

� iu;=,s;h wdYs%; ixl,am


12

2'15' b,aü yd iemhqu fjkiaùu

wkqj fjf<|fmd< iu;=,s;h

fjkia jk wdldrh ú.%y

lrhs'

2'16 ksIamdok nÿ fjf<|fmd<

ls%hdldÍ;ajhg n,mdk

wdldrh úuihs'

� wê b,aü

� wê iemhqu

� wê b,a¨ï ñ,

� wê iemhqï ñ,

� mdßfNda.asl w;sßla;h

� ksIamdol w;sßla;h

� iu;=,s;h fjkiaùu

� iemhqu fkdfjkia j ;sìh § b,aü fjkiaùu'

� b,aü fkdfjkia j ;sìh § iemhqu fjkiaùu'

� b,aü yd iemhqu tljr fjkiaùu

� NdKav yd fiajd u; nÿ

� tall noao

� jákdlu u; noao

� tall noaola wdY%fhka nÿj, n,mEu bÈßm;a lsÍu

� f,aLkhla uÕska

� m%ia;dßl j

� iólrKh uÕska

� tall noaol n,mEu

� iu;=,s;hg

� mdßfNda.sl meyeoug

� ksIamdol whNdrhg


13

� mdßfNda.sl w;srsla;hg

� ksIamdol w;sßla;h

� rdcH wdodhug

� iudc iqNidOkhg

� tall noaola wdY%fhka nÿ nr fn§hdu$ nÿ wdmd;h

� mdßfNda.slhdg

� ksIamdolhdg

� tall noaola wdY%fhka b,a¨ï yd iemhqï kuH;dj wkqj nÿ nr

fn§ hdu'

� ksIamdok iykdOdr

� tall iykdOdrh

� jákdlu u; iykdOdrh

� tall iykdOdr wdY%fhka iykdOdrj, n,mEu bÈßm;a lsÍu'

� f,aLkhla uÕska

� m%ia;dßlj

� iólrKh uÕska

� tall iykdOdrj, n,mEu

� iu;=,s;hg

2'17 b,a¨ï kuH;dj yd iemhqï

kuH;dj wkqj nÿ nr fn§

hk wdldrh ú.%y lrhs'

2'18 ksIamdok iykdOdr

fjf<|fmd< ls%hdldÍ;ajhg

n,mdk wdldrh úuihs'


14

� mdßfNda.sl meyeoug

� ksIamdol whNdrhg

� mdßfNda.sl w;sßla;hg

� ksIamdol w;sßla;hg

� rdcH úhoug

� iudc iqNidOkhg

� tall iykdOdrfha jdish fn§hdu

� mdßfNda.slhdg

� ksIamdolhdg

� b,a¨ï yd iemhqï kuH;dj wkqj tall iykdOdrfha jdish fn§hdu

� ñ, md,kh

� Wmßu ñ,

� m%ia;dßl ksrEmkh

� m%;s úmdl

� Wmßu ñ, w¾:j;a lr .ekSug .kakd ls%hd ud¾.

� i,dlkh

� wdkhkh

� ksIamdokh Èß.ekaùu

� wju ñ,

� m%ia;dßl ksrEmkh

� m%;s úmdl

2'19 ñ, md,kh fjf<|fmd<

ls%hdldrs;ajhg we;s lrk

n,mEu úuihs'


15

3'1 ksIamdok ls%hdj,sfha iajNdjh

úYaf,aIKh lrhs'

� wj u ñ, w¾:j;a lr .ekSug .kakd ls%hdud¾.

� w;sßla;h .nvd lsÍu

� w;=re ksIamdokh

� mj;akd b,a¨u m%j¾Okh

� wmkhkh

� iy;sl ñ,

� m%ia;dßl ksrEmKh

� m%;s úmdl

� ksIamdok Ys%;h

� flá ld,h

� ySk jk wdka;sl M,od kHdh ^f,aLkhla wdY%fhka&

� È.= ld,h

� mßudKdkql+, M, kHdh

� jefvk mßudKdkql+, M,

� ia:djr mßudKdkql+, M,

� wvqjk mßudKdkql+, M,

3535353535

3' fjf<|fmd<

;=< ksIamdok

ixúOdk

;d¾lsl j

yeisfrk

wdldrh

.fõIKh

lrhs'


16

3'2úúO m%fõY Ndú;fhka

ksIamdok msßjeh .Kkh lrhs'

3'3ksIamdok ls%hdj,sfha § msßjeh

yeisfrk wdldrh úYaf,aIKh

lrhs'

3'4uQ,sl ,laIK wkqj

fjf<|fmd< jHQy úu¾Ykh

lrhs'

� ksIamdok msßjeh

� ksIamdok msßjeh yd iïnkaO uQ,sl ixl,am

� wd¾Ól msßjeh iy .KldêlrK msßjeh

� iDcq msßjeh iy jl% msßjeh

� m%dudKsl ,dNh msßjehla f,i

� flá ld,Sk ksIamdok msßjeh

� ia:djr msßjeh (FC)

� úp,Hh msßjeh (VC)

� uq¿ msßjeh (TC)

� wdka;sl msßjeh (MC)

� idudkH msßjeh (AC)

� flá ld,Sk ksIamdok msßjeh bÈßm;a lsÍu

� f,aLkhla weiqßka

� m%ia;dßlj

� fjf<|fmd< jHQy yd tajdfha uQ,sl ,laIK

� mQ¾K ;r.h

� taldêldrh

� taldêldÍ ;r.h

� l;smhdêldrh


17

� mQ¾K ;r.ldÍ wdh;khl b,a¨ï jl%h

� flá ld,fha § ,dN Wmßu lsÍu

� uq¿ wh Ndrh - uq¿ msßjeh m%fõYh ^ir, f,aLkhla uÕska&

� wdka;sl wh Ndrh - wdka;sl msßjeh m%fõYh ir, f,aLkhla uÕska&

� flá ld,fha § mQ¾K ;r.ldÍ wdh;khl iu;=,s;h ^m%ia;dßlj&

� w;s m%dudKsl ,dN bmhSu

� m%dudKsl ,dN bmhSu

� mdvq ú£u

� mQ¾K ;r.ldÍ wdlD;sh i;H fjf<|fmdf<ka wm.ukh ùu'

� id¾j wd¾Ól wruqKq

� mQ¾K fiajd kshqla;sh

� wd¾Ól ia:dhs;dj

� idOdrK;ajh

� wd¾Ól j¾Okh

� ;sridr ixj¾Okh

3'5 mQ¾K ;r.ldÍ fjf<|fmd<l

wdh;khla flá ld,fha §

yeisfrk wdldrh úuid

n,hs'

4'1 id¾j wd¾Ól wruqKq

úu¾Ykh lrhs'

4' id¾j wd¾Ól

ls%hdldÍ;ajh

ie,ls,a,g

.ksñka cd;sl

.sKqï ilia

lsÍfï iQodku

m%o¾Ykh

lrhs'

5050505050


18

4'2 m%Odk id¾j wd¾Ól úp,H

úu¾Ykh lrhs'

4'3 cd;sl wdodhfï plS%h

m%jdyh Ndú;fhka cd;sl

.sKqïlrKfha úúO m%fõY

ú.%y lrhs'

� m%Odk id¾j wd¾Ól úp,H

� cd;sl ksuejqu

� fiajd kshqla;sh

� ñ, uÜgu

� f.jqï fYaIh

� úfoaY úksuh wkqmd;slh

� jHdmdr pl%

� úNj ksuejqu yd i;H ksuejqu

� ixfldapkh iy m%idrKh

� cd;sl wdodhfï plS%h m%jdyh

� cd;sl .sKqïlrK m%fõY

� ksuejqï m%fõYh

� wdodhï m%fõYh

� úhoï m%fõYh

� cd;sl .sKqïlrKfha § neyer l< hq;= whs;u


19

4'4 ksuejqï m%fõYhg wkqj

cd;sl .sKqï ilia lsÍfï

iQodku m%o¾Ykh lrhs'

4'5 ksuejqï m%fõYh wkqj cd;sl

.sKqï ilia lsÍu wdYs%; úúO

ixl,am ;=,kd;aul j úuihs'

4'6 úhoï m%fõYhg wkqj cd;sl

.sKqï ilia lsÍfï iQodku

m%o¾Ykh lrhs'

� ksuejqï m%fõYh

� ksuejqu .Kkh lsÍu

� nyq .Kk fodaIh

� nyq .Kk fodaIh uÕ yrjd .ekSfï l%u

� wjidk ksuejqï l%uh

� tl;= l< jákdlï l%uh

� ksuejqï m%fõYfha úúO ixl,am

� o< foaYSSh ksIamdÈ;h

� o< cd;sl ksIamdÈ;h

� Y=oaO foaYSh ksIamdÈ;h

� Y=oaO cd;sl ksIamdÈ;h

� idOl ñ, iy fjf<|fmd< ñ,

� j¾;k ñ, iy ia:djr ñ,

� o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fha yd o< cd;sl ksIamdÈ;fha wjOuklh

� úhoï m%fõYh

� mßfNdackh (C)

� wdfhdackh (I)� rdcH ñ,§ .ekSï(G)

� Y=oaO wmkhk (NX)

� o< foaYSh úhou iy o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;h� o< cd;sl úhou� nyq .Kk fodaIh uÕyrjd .ekSfï l%u

� uq¿ iïm;a iy tajdfha Wmfhdackh

^YS% ,xldfõ ixLHd o;a; weiqfrka meyeÈ,s lsÍu'&


20

� wdodhï m%fõYh

� idOl wdodhï

� fiajd kshqla;slhkaf.a wdodhu

� nÿ l=,S wdodhu

� Y=oaO fmd<sh

� ,dNh iy jHjidhl;aj wdodhï

� foaYSh wdodhu

� cd;sl wdodhu

� nyq .Kk fodaIh j<lajd .ekSfï l%u

� o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;h

� fm!oa.,sl wdodhu

� jeh l< yels mQoa.,sl wdodhu

� úfoaY .sKqï iy cd;sl .sKqï w;r iïnkaO;dj fláfhka

ye¢kaùu

� jeh l< yels o< cd;sl wdodhu

� uQ¾; cd;sl wdodhu

� o< foaYSh b;=reï iy cd;sl b;=reï

^YS% ,xldfõ o;a; weiqfrka meyeÈ,s lsÍu'&

4'7 wdodhï m%fõYhg wkqj cd;sl

.sKqï ilia lsÍfï iQodku

m%o¾Ykh lrhs'


21

5' id¾j wd¾Óliu;=,s;h;SrKh jkwdldrh ú.%ylrhs'''''

� cd;sl .sKqïj, m%dfhda.sl Ndú;� tal mqoa., m%;ssYS¾I wdodhu� wdxYsl odhl;ajh

� cd;sl .sKqïj, iSud� fjf<|fmd< fkdjk .kqfokq� kS;s úfrdaê wd¾Ól lghq;=� fkdúêu;a wd¾Ól lghq;=� ksIamdÈ;fha .=Kd;aul j¾Okh� mßirhg jk n,mEu ie,ls,a,g fkd.ekSu� mßir ydhkh� yß; cd;sl .sKqïlrKh

� iudydr úhoï - wdodhï m%fõYh� iudydr úhofï ixrpl yd ;Srl� mßfNdack úhou� wdfhdack� rch NdKav yd fiajd ñ,g .ekSu ^rcfha ñ, § .ekSï&� Y=oaO wmkhk

� ir, wd¾Ólhl iu;=,s;h� wdodhï iy úhoï m%fõYh� .s,sySï iy tl;=ùï m%fõYh ^ldkaÿùï iy ú§ï m%fõYh&

� mßfNdack YS%;h� b;=reï YS%;h� wdfhdackh� ir, wd¾Ólhl iu;=,s;h .Kkh lsßu� ixLHd f,aLkhla uÕska� m%ia;dßlj� iólrK uÕska

4'8 cd;sl .sKqïj, m%dfhda.slNdú; iy iSud u;=lr olajhs'

5'1 id¾j wd¾Ól iu;=,s;hgm%fõY ùu i|yd iudydrúhofï ixrpl úuihs'

5'2ir, wd¾Ólhl iu;=,s;h

;SrKh jk wdldrh úuihs'

3535353535


22

5'3 iudydr b,a¨ï ixrpl

fjkiaùu u; ir,

wd¾Ólhl iu;=,s;h

fjkiaùu .=Kl ls%hdj,sh

weiqßka fmkajd fohs'

5'4 ixjD; wd¾Ólhl iu;=,s;h


� ir, wd¾Ólhl iu;=,s;h fjkiaùu

� mßfNdack Ys%;h fjkiaùu

� wdfhdackh fjkiaùu

� ir, wd¾Ólhl .=Kl ls%hdj,sh

� f,aLkhla uÕska

� iólrKh uÕska

� mQ¾K fiajd kshqla;s ksuejqï uÜgu yd iu;=,s; cd;sl wdodhu

w;r fjki ye¢kaùu

� ixjD; wd¾:slhl iu;=,s;h

� wdodhï yd úhoï m%fõYh

� .s,sySï yd tl;=ùï m%fõYh

� mßfNdack Ys%;h (C)

� b;=reï Ys%;h (S)

� iajdh;a; nÿ (T)

� rcfha úhoï

� rcfha ñ, § .ekSï (G)

� ixl%du (TR)

� wdfhdackh (I)

� ixjD; wd¾Ólhl iu;=,s;h .Kkh lsÍu

� ixLHd f,aLkhla uÕska

� m%ia;dßl j

� iólrK uÕska


23

5'5újD; wd¾Ólhl iu;=,s;h


� újD; wd¾Ólhl iu;=,s;h

� wdodhï iy úhoï m%fõYh

� .s,sySï iy tl;=ùï m%fõYh

� iajdh;a; wdkhk

� wmkhk

� újD; wd¾Ólhl iu;=,s;h .Kkh lsÍu'

� ixLHd f,aLkhla uÕska

� iólrK uÕskaa

300


24

6'1 idudkH ñ, uÜgu wdYs%;

ñkqï ú.%y lrhs'

6'2 YS% ,xldfõ iudkH ñ,

uÜgfï fjkiaùu uksk ñ,

o¾Yl úuid n,hs'

6'3 WoaOukh ms<sn| ixl,am ú.%y

lrñka WoaOuk m%fNao

wOHhkh lrhs'

� idudkH ñ, uÜgu

� w¾: ±laùu

� idudkH ñ, uÜgfï ñkqï

� ñ, o¾Yl ms<sn| uQ,sl ye¢kaùu

� YS% ,xldfõ idudkH ñ, uÜgu uksk ñ, o¾Yl

� fld<U mßfNda.sl ñ, o¾Ylh ^kj&

� f;d. ñ, o¾Ylh

� o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fha wdfrdams; ñ, o¾Ylh

� WoaOukh (inflation)

� w¾: ±laùu

� WoaOuk ñkqï

� u;=msg WoaOukh

� há±ß WoaOukh

� WoaOuk m%fNao

� cjk WoaOukh (Galloping)

� m%i¾mK WoaOukh (Creeping)

6' id¾j wd¾Ól

ls%hdldÍ;ajhg

n,mdk ñ,

uÜgïj,

fjkiaùu

úYaf,aIKh

lrhs'

2525252525

3'2 - 13 jk fYa%Ksh3'2 - 13 jk fYa%Ksh3'2 - 13 jk fYa%Ksh3'2 - 13 jk fYa%Ksh3'2 - 13 jk fYa%Ksh

ksmqK;d" ksmqK;d uÜgï"úIh wka;¾.;h yd ld,ÉfþoksmqK;d" ksmqK;d uÜgï"úIh wka;¾.;h yd ld,ÉfþoksmqK;d" ksmqK;d uÜgï"úIh wka;¾.;h yd ld,ÉfþoksmqK;d" ksmqK;d uÜgï"úIh wka;¾.;h yd ld,ÉfþoksmqK;d" ksmqK;d uÜgï"úIh wka;¾.;h yd ld,Éfþo


25

� i¾ms, WoaOukh (Spiral)

� u¾ê; WoaOukh (Suppressed)

� ksreoaOukh (Disinflation)

� wjOukh (Deflation)

� WoaOukh ú.%y lrk úúO m%fõY

� b,a¨fuka weÿk WoaOukh

� msßjefhka ;,a¨ jQ WoaOukh

� WoaOukfha m%;súmdl

� WoaOukfha msßjeh

� uqo,a

� ks¾jpkh

� uqof,a ,dlaIKsl

� uqo,a j¾.

� jHjydr uqo,a

� nexl= uqo,a

� wdikak uqo,a

� wdfoaY uqo,a

� úoHq;a uqo,a

6'4WoaOukh ú.%y lrk úúO

m%fõY wkqidrfhka WoaOukhg

n,mdk fya;= iy m%;súmdl

úYaf,aIKh lrhs'

7'1 uqo,a" uqo,a j¾. yd uqof,a

ld¾hhka úuid n,hs'

7' wd¾Ólhl

ls%hdldÍ;ajhg

uqo,a yd

nexl= moaO;sh

odhl jk

wdldrh

úYaf,aIKh

lrhs'

4545454545


26

� uqof,a ld¾h

� uqof,a w.h

� wNHka;r w.h

� ndysr w.h

� uqo,a b,a¨u

� w¾: ±laùu

� uqo,a b,a¨u flfrys n,mdk idOl

� .kqfokq fÉ;kdj

� wdrlaIK fõ;kdj

� iufmalaIK fÉ;kdj

� uqo,a iemhqu

� w¾: ±laùu

� uQ,H iuia;hka

� b;d mgq uqo,a iemhqu (Mo)

� mgq uqo,a iemhqu (M1)

� mq¿,a uqo,a iemhqu (M2)

� taldnoaO mq¿,a uqo,a iemhqu (M2b

)

� mq¿,a uqo,a iemhqu (M4)

7'2uqo,a b,a,qu flfrys n,mdk

idOl bÈßm;a lrhs'

7'3 YS% ,xldfõ uqo,a iemhqu

úYaf,aIKd;aul j mÍlaId

lrhs'


27

� mokï uqo,a

� mokï uqo,a iemhqu ;SrKh lrk idOl

� uy nexl=fõ j;alï yd j.lSï weiqfrka

� uqo,a .=Klh

� uqo,a iemhqu ;SrKh lrk idOl

� nexl= wxYh

� ;ekam;= Ndr .kakd wfkl=;a uQ,H wdh;k

� wfkl=;a úfYaIs; uQ,H wdh;k

� .súiqï.; b;sßlsÍfï wdh;k

7'4 YS% ,xldfõ uQ,H moaO;sh

j¾. lrhs'


28

7'5 nexl= moaO;sh ;=< jdKsc

nexl=j, ld¾hNdrh úuihs'

7'6 YS% ,xldfõ m%Odk uQ,H

wdh;kh jk YS% ,xld uy

nexl=fõ ld¾h Ndrh úuihs'

7'7YS% ,xldfõ uQ,H m%;sm;a;s

WmlrKj, Ndú; úuihs'

� jdKsc nexl=

� w¾: ±laùu

� ld¾h

� øjYS,;dj yd ,dNodhS;ajh

� fYaI m;%h

� uqo,a ueùu

� uqo,a ueùu ;SrKh lrk idOl

� ;ekam;= .=Klh

� YS% ,xld uy nexl=j

� w¾: ±laùu

� wruqKq

� ld¾h

� uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh

� uQ,H m%;sm;a;s WmlrK

� m%udKd;aul uQ,H WmlrK

� m%;sm;a;s fmd,S wkqmd;slh

� nexl= fmd,S wkqmd;slh

� m%;s ñ, § .ekSï wkqmd;h

� m%;s úl=Kqï wkqmd;h


29

� jHjia:dms; ixÑ; wkqmd;slh

� újg fjf<| fmd< lghq;=

� .=Kd;aul Kh md,k WmlrK

� Kh iSud kshu lsÍu

� Kh i|yd wem iq/l=ï kshu lsÍu

� jrKd;aul fmd,S wkqmd;sl kshu lsÍu

� hy fm<Uqï

� YS% ,xldfõ uQ,H fjf<| fmd<

� w¾: oelaùu

� j¾. lsÍu

� uqo,a fjf<| fmd<

� w¾: oelaùu

� Wm uqo,a fjf<| fmd<

7'8 YS% ,xldfõ uQ,H fjf<| fmd<

úYaf,aIKh lrhs'


30

� fjf<| fmd< l%uh wiu;a ùu

� fjf<| fmd< l%uh wiu;a ùug fya;=

� ndysr;d

� wmq¾K ;r.h

� f;dr;=rej, wmQ¾K;ajh

� fmdÿ NdKav fkdiemhSu

� w¾O fmdÿ NdKav m%Yia; j fkdiemhSu

� iqNidOk NdKav m%Yia; j fkdiemhSu

� iudchg wys;lr NdKav iemhSu

� ndysr;d

� ksIamdokfha ndysr;d

� Ok ndysr;d

� iDK ndysr;d

8'1 fjf<| fmd< l%uh wiu;a

ùug fya;= ;d¾lsl j bÈßm;a

lrhs'

8'2 fjf<| fmd< l%uh wid¾:l

ùu flfrys ndysr;dj, n,mEï

mÍlaId lrhs'

8' id¾j wd¾Ól

wruqKq <Õd

lr .ekSfuys ,d

rch ueÈy;a jk

wdldrh

úu¾Ykh

lrhs'

6565656565


31

� mßfNdackfha ndysr;d

� Ok ndysr;d

� iDK ndysr;d

� ndysr;d yd fjf<| fmd< l%ufha wid¾:l;ajh

� ndysr;d yuqfõ fjf<| fmd< wid¾:l ùu ksjerÈ lsÍug .kq ,nk

ls%hd ud¾.

� fjf<| fmd< wd¾Ólhl rdcH ld¾h Ndrh

� iïm;a ld¾hlaIu j fnodyeÍu

� wdodhu yd Okh idOdrK j fnodyeÍu

� kS;s Í;s iïmdokh iy md,kh

� id¾j wd¾Ól ia:dhslrKh we;s lsÍu

� wd¾Ól j¾Okh iy ;sridr ixj¾Okh we;s lsrSu

� há;, myiqlï iemhSu

� rdcH wid¾:lùu

� rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh

� w¾: ±laùu

� rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;s WmlrK

8'3 fjf<| fmd< wd¾Ólhl rdcH

ld¾h Ndrh úuihs'

8'4 id¾j wd¾Ól wruqKq <Õd lr

.ekSug rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh

fhdod.kakd wdldrh úuihs'


32

� id¾j wd¾Ól wruqKq bgq lr .ekSug rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh fhdod

.kakd wdldrh


� ñ, ia:dhs;djh

� wd¾Ól j¾Okh

� f.jqï fYaI ia:dhS;dj

� wdodhï yd Okh fnodyeÍfï idOdrK;ajh

� OrKSh$ ;sridr ix¾Okh

� id¾j wd¾Ól wruqKq bgqlr .ekSfï § u;=jk .eg¿

� rdcH wdodhu

� nÿ wdodhu

� nÿ fkdjk wdodhu

� nÿ uQ,O¾u

� nÿ j¾.

� nÿ wdmd;h u; nÿ j¾. lsÍu

� iDcq nÿ

� jl% nÿ

� nÿ wh lsÍfï l%u wkqj nÿ j¾. lsÍu

� iudkqmd;sl nÿ

� wkql%ñl nÿ

� m%;sl%ñl nÿ

8'5 rdcH wdodhfï m%Odk uQ,dY%hla

f,i nÿ l%uh úuihs'


33

� nÿ l%uhl wd¾Ól m%;súmdl$ n,mEu

� YS% ,xldfõ rdcH wdodhï

jHQyh

� YS% ,xldfõ rdcH wdodhfï Wmk;s

� rdcH úhou

� rdcH úhoï j¾.SlrKh

� wd¾Ól j¾.SlrKh

� j¾;k úhoï

� m%d.aOk úhoï

� ld¾h noaO j¾.SlrKh

� idudkH yd fmdÿ fiajd úhoï

� iudc fiajd úhoï

� wd¾Ól fiajd úhoï

� fjk;a úhoï

� rcfha úhoïj, uE; ld,Sk Wmk;s

8'6 rdcH úhoï ixhq;sh

wOHhkfhka uE;ld,Sk

fjkialï wkdjrKh

lrhs'


34

� rdcH wh jeh f,aLkh

� w¾: ±laùu

� wdlD;sh

� ysÕ" w;sßla; iy ;=,s; wh jeh

� wh jeh m%;sm;a;s

� m%idrKd;aul wh jeh m%;sm;a;sh

� ixfldapkd;aul wh jeh m%;sm;a;sh

� YS% ,xldfõ wh jeh

� wh jeh ysÕh

� wh jeh ysÕhg fya;=

� wh jeh ysÕh mshùu

� wh jeh ysÕfha wd¾Ól m%;súmdl

� rdcH Kh

� rdcH Kh jHQyh

� rdcH Kfhys wd¾Ól m%;súmdl

� rdcH Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï

� uE;ld,Sk m%jK;d

� iemhqï m%j¾Ok m%;sm;a;s

� w¾: ±laùu

8'7 rdcH wh jeh m%;sm;a;sj,

wd¾Ól m%;súmdl

úYaf,aIKd;aul j fidhd

n,hs'

8'8 YS% ,xldfõ rdcH wh jeh yd

tys wd¾Ól m%;súmdl

úu¾Ykh lrhs'

8'9 YS% ,xldfõ rdcH Kh ixhq;sh

yd tys m%jK;d úu¾Ykh

lrhs'

8'10 rdcH iemhqï m%j¾Ok

m%;sm;a;sj, wd¾Ól m%;súmdl

úYaf,aIKd;aul jfidhd

n,hs'


35

� iemhqï m%j¾Ok m%;sm;a;suh ls%hd ud¾.

� nÿ m%;sixialrKh

� fm!oa.,SlrKh

� kshdukyrKh

� Y%u fjf<| fmd< m%;sixialrK

� m%d.aOk fjf<| fmd< m%;sixialrK

� iemhqï m%j¾Ok m%;sm;a;sj, wd¾Ól m%;súmdl

� wka;¾cd;sl fjf<|du

� w¾: oelaùu

� wka;¾cd;sl fj<|dug mokï jQ kHdh

� ksrfmalaI jdis kHdh

� idfmalaI jdis kHdh

� wka;¾cd;sl fjf<|dfï jdis

� úfYaIslrKfha jdish

� yqjudrefõ jdish

9'1 wka;¾cd;sl fjf<|dug

mokï jQ idOl úu¾Ykh

lrhs'

9' úfoaY fjf<|du

yd uQ,H rgl

iuia;

wd¾Ólhg we;s

lrk n,mEu

úYaf,aIKh

lrhs'

6565656565


36

� ksoyia fjf<|du

� wdrlaIKjdoh

� wdrlaIKjd§ ls%hdud¾.

� ;Sre nÿ

� ;Sre nÿ fkdjk

� wdrlaIKjd§ ls%hdud¾.j,

m%;súmdl$ n,mEu

� wdrlaIK jdohg mlaI j yd úmlaI j

we;s ;¾l

� cd;Hka;r fjf<|du kshdukh lrk

wdh;k

� f,dal fjf<| ixúOdkh (WTO)

� YS% ,xldfõ wmkhk

� jHQyh

� Wmk;s

� YS% ,xldfõ wdkhk

� jHQyh

� Wmk;s

9'2 wka;¾cd;sl fjf<|dfï §

wdrlaIKjd§ m%;sm;a;sj,ska

we;s lrk n,mEï

úYaf,aIKh lrhs'

9'3 YS% ,xldfõ úfoaY

fjf<|dfïjHQyh yd

Wmk;s úu¾Ykh lrhs'


37

� fjf<| wkqmd;

� fjf<| wkqmd; j¾.

� úfoaY fjf<| wkqmd;h

� .Kkh lsßu

� wd¾Ól m%;súmdl

� wdodhï fjf<| wkqmd;h

� .Kkh lsßu

� wd¾Ól m%;súmdl

� f.jqï fYaIh

� w¾: ±laùu

� f.jqï fYaI f,aLkfha ixrpl

� cx.u .sKqu

� fjf<| .sKqu

� fiajd .sKqu

� wdodhï .sKqu

� j¾;k ixl%du .sKqu

� m%d.aOk yd uQ,H .sKqu

� m%d.aOk .sKqu

� uQ,H .sKqu

� f.jqï fYaI f,aLkfha wdlD;sh

9'4 fjf<| wkqmd; weiqßka

úfoaY fjf<|dfï wd¾Ól

m%;súmdl úuihs'

9'5 f.jqï fYaI f,aLkhl

wka;¾.;h úYaf,aIKh

lrñka tys wdlD;shla

ms<sfh, lrhs'


38

� YS% ,xldfõ f.jqï fYaIfha j¾;udk Wmk;s

� f.jqï fYaIfha wd¾Ól m%;s úmdl

� ysÕh

� w;sßla;h

� f.jqï fYaI w¾nqoh yd thg úi÷ï

� úfoaY úksuh fj<|fmd<

� úfoaY úksuh wkqmd;slh

� w¾: ±laùu

� kdñl yd uQ¾; úksuh wkqmd;slh ^w¾: oelaùu&

� kdñl iM, yd uQ¾; iM, úksuh wkqmd;slh ^w¾: oelaùu&

� úfoaY úksuh wkqmd;h yd tys m%;s úmdl

� ia:djr úksuh wkqmd;h

� mdfjk úksuh wkqmd;h

� md,s; kuH úksuh wkqmd;h

� úksuh wkqmd;h yd f.jqï fYaI .e<mqï

� uqo,a wjm%udKh ùu yd m%;sm%udKh

� úksuh wkqmd;slh laIhùu yd j¾Okh

9'6 úfoaY .kqfokq wd¾Ólhg

we;s lrk n,mEu

YS% ,xldfõ f.jqï fYaI

f,aLkh weiqfrka ú.%y

lrhs'

9'7 úfoaY úksuh wkqmd;slh

;SrKh ùu iy tys

m%;s úmdl úu¾IKh lrhs'


39

� úfoaY wdfhdack

� úfoaY wdfhdack j¾.

� iDcq wdfhdack

� l<U wdfhdack

� úfoaY wdfhdackj, wd¾Ól n,mEu

� úfoaY j;alï$ ndysr j;alï

� wd¾Ól taldnoaOùï ye¢kaùu

� fjf<| .súiqï

� oaù md¾Yaùh fjf<| .súiqï

ksoiqka(

� bkaÿ YS% ,xld fjf<| .súiqu (ISLFTA)

� mlsia;dkq YS% ,xld ksoyia fjf<| .súiqu (PSLFTA)

� nyq md¾Yaùh fjf<| .súiqï

ksoiqka(

� nyq wdxYsl ;dlaIKsl yd wd¾Ól

iyfhda.S;dj Wfoid fnx.d,

fndlafla rgj, uQ,sl;ajh (BIMSTEC)

� W;=re weußldkq ksoyia fjf<| .súiqu (NAFTA)

� ol=Kq wdishdkq ksoyia fjf<| .súiqu (SAFTA)

� wdishd Ydka;slr fjf<| .súiqu (AFTA)

^fjf<| .súiqïj, ld,dkqrEmS fjkiaùï ms<sn| idudkH wjfndaOhjeo.;a fõ'&

9'8 úfoaY wdfhdack rgl

wd¾Ólhg n,mdk wdldrh

úuihs'

9'9 wka;¾cd;sl wd¾Ól

iyfhda.S;djhi|yd

ls%hd;aul jk úúO wd¾Ól

ixúOdkj, jeo.;alu

úuihs'


40

� wka;¾cd;sl uQ,H wdh;kh

� wka;¾cd;sl uQ,H wruqo, (IMF)

� f,dal nexl= uq¿j (WBG)

^by; wdh;kj, wruqKq iy ld¾hh ms<sn| uQ,sl wjfndaOh

m%udKj;a fõ'&

� f.da,ShlrKh

� f.da,ShlrKfha m%Odk ,laIK

� f.da,ShlrKfha .dul n,fõ.

� ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk rgj,g f.da,ShlrKfha n,mEu

9'10 wka;¾cd;sl uQ,H

wdh;kj, ld¾hhúuihs'

9'11 ixj¾Okh fjñka

mj;sk rgj,g

f.da,ShlrKfhka we;s

jk n,mEu ú.%y lrhs'


41

10'1 wd¾Ól j¾Okfha

jeo.;alu w.hñka wd¾Ól

j¾Okhg bjy,a jk idOl

úYaf,aIKh lrhs'

10'2 wd¾:sl ixj¾Ok

ls%hdj,shl .=Kdx. yd

th uekSu ú.%y lrhs'

10'ixj¾Okfha

úúO;ajh

;=,kd;aul j

ú.%y lrñka

;sridr

ixj¾Okhg

odhlùfï

we,au

m%o¾Ykh lrhs’

� wd¾Ól j¾Okh

� w¾: ±laùu

� ;Srl ^j¾Okhg odhl jk idOl&

� iïm;a iïNdrh

� idOl M,odhs;dj

� wd¾Ól ia:dhs;dj

� foaYmd,k ia:djrNdjh

� hy md,kh

� wd¾Ól j¾Okh uekSu

� wd¾Ól j¾Okh;a iuÕ wd¾Ól jHQyh fjkia ùu

� wd¾Ól j¾Okfha jeo.;alu

� wd¾Ól j¾Okfha msßjeh

� wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh

� w¾: ±laùu

� wd¾Ól ixj¾Ok ls%hdj,sh ;=< ;sìh hq;= .=Kdx.

� ixj¾Okh uekSfï o¾Yl

6565656565


42

� wd¾Ól ms<sn| f,dal nexl= j¾.SlrK

� ;srir ixj¾Ok ixl,amh

� wdodhï úIu;dj

� w¾: ±laùu

� wdodhï jHdma;sfha iajrEm

� ksrfmalaI wdodhï jHdma;sh

� idfmalaI wdodhï jHdma;sh

� wdodhï jHdma;s ñkqï

� f,darkaia jl%h

� .sks ix.=Klh

10'3 wd¾Ól ms<sn| f,dal nexl=

j¾.SlrKh ;=,kd;aul j

ú.%y lrñka ;srir

ixj¾Okh w.h lrhs'

10'4 wdodhï úIu;dj uekSug

fhdod .kakd iïu; l%u

mÍlaId lrhs'


43

� oßø;d ixl,amh

� w¾: oelaùu

� ksrfmalaI yd idfmalaI oßø;dj

� oßø;djfha me;slv

� wdodhï ^mßfNdack& oßø;dj

� udkj ixj¾Okfha oßø;dj

� oßø;dj uekSu

� cd;sl oßø;d bu

� cd;Hka;r oßø;d bu

� nyqudkHjh oßø;d o¾Ylh

� wd¾Ól j¾Okh iy oßø;djh w;r iïnkaOh

� È<s÷ ck;djg ys;lr wd¾Ól jDoaê m%;sm;a;s

� YS% ,xldfõ oßø;dj

� oßø;d uÜgï

� m%dfoaYSh fjkialï

� oßø;djg fya;=

� oßø;dj wju lsÍug f.k we;s ls%hdud¾.

10'5 oßø;d ixl,amh ú.%y

lrñka th ñkqï lrk

whqre olajhs'

10'6 YS% ,xldfõ oßø;dj yd

th wju lsÍug f.k we;s

m%h;ak w.h hs'


44

� ck.ykh

� ck.yk j¾Okh yd tys ;Srl

� ck.yk jHdma;sfha fjkia ùï iy m%;s úmdl

� mqñ;sß nj

� jhia jHQyh

� kd.ßl" .%dóh iy j;=

� Y%u n,ldh

� w¾: ±laùu

� .Kkh lsÍu

� ;SrKh jk idOl

� jev l< yels jhfia ck.ykh

� Y%u n,ld iyNd.S;aj wkqmd;h

� fiajd kshqla;sh

� w¾: oelaùu

� jHQyh


� W!k fiajd kshqla;sh

� fiajd úhqla;sh

� w¾: oelaùu

� jHQyh

� YS% ,xldfõ fiajd úhqla;shg fya;=

10'7 YS% ,xldfõ ck.yk

jHdma;sh yd tys m%;súmdl

úuihs'

10'8 YS% ,xldfõ Y%u n,ldh

.Kkh lrk whqre olajhs'

10'9 YS% ,xldfõ fiajd

kshqla;sfha yd fiajd

úhqla;sfha m%udKd;aul yd

jHQyd;aul ;;a;aj

úuid n,hs'


45

� o<foaYSh ksIamdÈ;h

� wdxYsl ixhq;sh

� rdcH yd fm!oa.,sl wxYfha idfmalaI iyNd.s;ajh

� fiajd kshqla;sh

� wdxYsl ixhq;sh

� rdcH yd fm!oa.,sl wxYfha idfmalaI iyNd.s;ajh

� ksoyiska miq wd¾Ól j¾Ok rgdj

� 1948- 1977 olajd

� 1977ka miq

11'1 YS% ,xld wd¾Ólfha o< foaYSh

ksIamdÈ;h yd fiajd

kshqla;sfha wdxYsl ixhq;sh

úuihs'

11'2 ksoyiska miq YS% ,xldfõ

wd¾Ól j¾Okfha rgdj

úYaf,aIKh lrhs'

11' ksoyiska miq

YS% ,xld

wd¾Ólfha

ls%hdldrs;ajh

;=,kd;aul j

w.h hs'

4040404040


46

�lDIsld¾ñl wxYh

� wd¾Ól ixj¾Ok ls%hdj,shg lDIsld¾ñl wxYfha odhl;ajh

� iuia; ld¾h idOkh iy m%jK;d

� foaYSh lDIsl¾ufha úNjH;d yd .eg¿

� jeú,s lDIsl¾ufha úNjH;d yd .eg¿

� lDIs wdYs%; l¾udka;

� ld¾ñl wxYh

� wd¾Ól ixj¾Ok ls%hdj,shg ld¾ñl wxYfha odhl;ajh

� iuia; ld¾h idOkh iy m%jK;d

� fm!oa.,sl wxYfha m%jK;d

� rdcH wxYfha l¾udka;

� iq¿ yd laIqø jHjidhlhkaf.aa ld¾hNdrh

11'3 YS% ,xldfõ lDIsld¾ñl

wxYh yd iïnkaO

újdÈ; lreKq úu¾Ykh

lrhs'

11'4 YS% ,xldfõ ld¾ñl wxYh

yd iïnkaO újdÈ; lreKq

úu¾Ykh lrhs'


47

� fiajd wxYh

� wd¾Ól ixj¾Ok ls%hdj,shg fiajd wxYfha odhl;ajh

� jHQyh iy m%Odk m%jK;d

� j¾Okh iy jHQyuh fjkia ùï

� há;, myiqlï b,lal lr.;a fiajd

� wd¾Ól" iudchSh yd uQ,H há;, myiqlï

� há;, myiqlï ixj¾Okh lsÍfuys,dfm!oa.,sl wxYfha

odhl;ajh

� iuld,Sk wd¾Ól isÿùï

� foaYSh

� f.da,Sh

� iuld,Sk wd¾Ól isÿùïj, m%;súmdl

11'5 YS% ,xldfõ fiajd wxYh

yd iïnkaO újdÈ; lreKq

úu¾Ykh lrhs'

11'6 iuld,Sk wd¾Òl isÿùï

úu¾Ykh lrhs'

300

48

6 '06 '06 '06 '06 '0 bf.kqï- b.ekaùï l%fudamdhbf.kqï- b.ekaùï l%fudamdhbf.kqï- b.ekaùï l%fudamdhbf.kqï- b.ekaùï l%fudamdhbf.kqï- b.ekaùï l%fudamdh

wd¾Ól úoHdj u.ska ñksid iudcfha wd¾Ól úoHd;aul yeisfrk wdldrh wOHhkh flf¾' fuu úIh bf.kqï- b.ekaùï lghq;=j, §

isiqka wd¾Ól úoHd;aul j is;Sug;a" ta wkqj lghq;= lsÍug;a Wkkaÿ flf¾' fï ksid fhdað; bf.kqï- b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh jvd;a m%dfhda.sl

yd YsIH flakaøSh ùu w;HjYH fõ' ta u.ska YsIHhdg wd¾Ól úoHd ixl,am ir< j .%yKh lr .ekSug;a" m%dfhda.sl j Ndú; lsÍug;a yels

fõ hehs wfmalaId flf¾' fï ksid ±kqu wdl,am yd l=i,;d fuka u fyd| Ôjk mqreÿ we;slr .; yels l%ufõo Ndú;hg .ekSu jeo.;a fõ'

fuu úIhg wh;a úúO kHdh" uQ,O¾u yd mßph ,eìh yels fia bf.kqï- b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh M,odhS j ie,iqï lr .; hq;= h' wd¾Ól úoHdj"ñksid wd¾Ól úoHd;aul yeisfrk wdldrh wOHhkh flfrk iudc úoHdjla jk fyhska úIhg wod< .eUqre" ixlS¾K yd úhqla; ixl,am

isiqka Ôj;ajk iudcfhkau w;a±lSug ie,eiaúh yels jk bf.kqï l%ufõo fndfyda fõ' tajd iqÿiq f,i f;dard .ekSu" ta wkqj l%ufõoh

ie,iqï lr .ekSu yd ls%hd;aul lsÍu .=rejrhdf.ka wfmalaId flf¾'

ksmqK;d mdol j f.dvk.d we;s fuu úIh ks¾foaYfha we;=<;a ta ta ksmqK;d uÜgï <Õd lr .ekSu i|yd .fõIKd;aul m%fõYhla

Tiafia ie,iqï lrk l%ufõo ls%hd;aul lrkq we;ehs wfmalaId flf¾' YsIH flakaøSh bf.kqï- b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh i|yd .fõIKd;aul

bf.kqï m%fõYh ^Inquiry Based Learning Approach& w;a±lSï mokï lr.;a bf.kqï m%fõYh (Experiential Learning Approach) iajks¾udK

bf.kqï m%fõYh (Constructivist Learning Approach) hk fïjd fhdod .ekSug fhdað; h' ta ta bf.kqï m%fõY hgf;a Ndú; l< yelsbf.kqï- b.ekaùï l%u i|yd ksoiqka my; ±lafõ' fujeks l%u Ndú;fhka m%fndaod;aul bf.kqulg u. i,id .; yels h' tu.ska mka;s

ldurfha kSri nj ke;slr .; yelsfõ hehs úYajdi flf¾'

� fmd; m; mßYS,kh yd iajhx wOHhkh � ksnkaOk

� mejreï yd jHdmD;s � mqyqKq wNHdi

� ksÍlaIKh yd .fõIKh � lafIa;% pdßld

� .eg¨ úi§u � iurEmkh

� iduQysl bf.kqï lKavdhï l%uh � isoaê wOHhkh

� nqoaê l,ïnkh � rEmsl ixúOdk l%uh (Graphic Organizer)

� lS%vd � wdo¾Ykh

� újdo � ls%hdfjka bf.kqï

� N+ñld rx.k

iEuúgl u .=rejrhd iqidOHldrlhl= kshdukh lrkakl= yd iïm;a mqoa.,hl= f,ig b;d jeo.;a ld¾hNdrhla bgq l< hq;= h' YsIHhd

ks;r ks¾udKYS,S yd úpdrYS,S Ñka;khg fhduq lrjk flaj, fyda iduQysl fyda ls%hdldrlï" mejreï" jHdmD;s wd§ m%dfhda.sl keUqrejla we;s

bf.kqï- b.ekaùï l%fudamd flfrys úfYaIfhka fhduqjkq we;ehs wfmalaId flf¾'

49

7'0 mdi,a m%;sm;a;s iy jevigyka ixúOdkh

wd¾Ól úoHdj úIhfha wfmalaIs; wruqKq yd ksmqK;d M,odhS f,i idlaId;a lr .ekSu i|yd mka;s ldur bf.kqï- b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sfha

id¾:l;ajh fnfyúka bjy,a fõ' tneúka thg iß,k mßÈ mdi,a m%;sm;a;s yd jevigyka ixúOdkh lr .ekSu jeo.;a fõ'

2011 j¾Ifha ixfYdaê; úIh ks¾foaYh wkqj j¾I follg ld,Éfþo 600la fjka lr we;s w;r" th úIh wka;¾.;h i|yd ld,Éfþo

500la jk f,i o" ls%hdldrlï i|yd ld,Éfþo 100la jk f,i o fjka fldg we;'

wd¾Ól úoHdj úIh bf.kqï- b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh i|yd fhdod .; yels úúO l%fudamdh ie,ls,a,g .kakd úg m%dfhda.sl keUqrej we;s

úIh iu.dó jevigyka iy úIhdkqnoaO mdi,a m%;sm;a;s ls%hd;aul lsßu w;HjYH lghq;a;la fõ' tu.ska YsIHhdf.a iyc olaI;d biau;= lr

.ekSug iy ks¾udKYS,S Ñka;khg bvlv újD; fõ' ta i|yd fhdod .; yels mdi,a m%;sm;a;s iy jevigyka flfrys wjOdkh fhduq l<

hq;= h'

ls%hd;aul l< yels jevigyka i|yd ksoiqka(

� fjf<|fmd< ksÍlaIKh fldg f;dr;=re /ia lsÍu'

� wd¾Ól úoHdkql+, j is;Sug isiqka yqre lsÍu'

� jdKscúoHd ix.ï ksfhdackh lsÍu'

� iudcfha w;a±lSï mka;s ldurhg f.ktau i|yd idlÉPd yd iïuka;%K ixúOdkh lsÍu'

� wd¾Ól uOHia:dk" fldgia fjf<|fmd< jeks ia:dk ksÍlaIKh fldg wOHhkh lsÍu i|yd lafIa;% pdßld ixúOdkh lsÍu'

� úIhg wod< j mqj;am;aj, iy iÕrdj, m<fjk ,sms tl;=jla mj;ajdf.k hdu'

50

� wd¾Ól úoHdjg wod< úYaùh m%jK;d w<,d ì;a;s mqj;am;la yd iÕrdjla mj;ajdf.k hEug isiqka fhduq lsÍu'

� fjf<|fmd<la ixúOdkh lr meje;aùu uÕska fjf<|fmd< n,fõ. ls%hd;aul jk wdldrh wOHhkh lsÍu'

� ñksid wd¾Ól úoHd;aul j yeisÍu ;yjqre lsÍu i|yd iqÿiq kdgHh ks¾udKh yd rÕ ±laùu'

� ;rÕ" ixjdo" újdo yd iïuka;%K meje;aùu'

� wka;¾cd,h Ndú;fhka wd¾Ól úoHjg wod< j f;dr;=re /ia lsÍu'

� wd¾Ól úoHdjg wod< j mßirfha ld,Sk isÿùï ms<sn| j ±kqj;a lsÍu'

by; ±lafjk wdldrfha fuu úIhg iqúfYaI jQ ls%hdldrlï yd jevigyka ixúOdkh lsÍu i|yd ta ta mdi,g iqúfYaI jQ m%;sm;a;shla

f.dvkÕd .ekSu wjYH fõ' fï ksid mdif,a jd¾Isl jevigyfka Wm jevigykla f,i fuu úIhhg wod< j j¾I folla i|yd iqúfYaI

jevigykla yd m%;sm;a;s ilia lr .ekSu i|yd wd¾Ól úoHd .=rejrekaf.ka yd isiqkaf.ka iukaú; lñgqjla m;a lr .ekSu fhda.H fõ' tu

lñgqj úiska Wiia fm< i|yd wd¾Ól úoHd úIhhg iu.dó j lsÍug wfmalaIs; jevigyka iy m%;sm;a;s ;SrKh lr mdif,a jd¾Isl

jevigyk iuÕ taldnoaO lsÍu jvd iqÿiq h' fï iEu wjia:djl § u wOHdmkfha ienE .kqfokqlrejka jk orejka iy foudmshkaf.a

wjYH;d o" rdcH m%;sm;a;s o mokï lr .; hq;= h' tfuka u wod< iïm;a" wruqo,a" mdi,a yd m%cdj w;r iïnkaOh o ukdj wOHhkhg

Ndckh lsrSu wjYH h'

8'0 ;lafiarej yd we.hSu

mdi, mokï lr.;a we.hSï jevms<sfj, hgf;a tla tla jdrh i|yd kshñ; ksmqK;d yd ksmqK;d uÜgï wdjrKh jk mßÈ bf.kqï-

b.ekaùï we.hSï WmlrK ks¾udKd;aul j ms<sfh, fldg ls%hd;aul lsÍu wfmalaIs; h'

13 jk fYa%Ksh wjidkfha § cd;sl uÜgfï we.hSu jk w'fmd'i' Wiia fm<& úNd.h i|yd fuu úIh ks¾foaYh ks¾foaYs; h' 2011 j¾Ifha

§ ixfYdaOkh lrk ,o fuu úIh ks¾foaYh mokï lrf.k" YS% ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j u.ska mj;ajkq ,nk cd;sl uÜgfï úNd.hm<uqjrg 2012 j¾Ifha § meje;afõ' fuu úNd.fha m%Yak m;%j, wdlD;sh yd iajNdjh ms<sn| wjYH úia;r úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j u.skaiemfhkq we;'

wd¾Ól úoHdj - NIEnie.lk/pdffiles/tg/s12syl49.pdfii 37 2'0 úIh ks¾foaYfha wruqKq — iudchl...

Documents

Transcript of wd¾Ól úoHdj - NIEnie.lk/pdffiles/tg/s12syl49.pdfii 37 2'0 úIh ks¾foaYfha wruqKq — iudchl...